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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Surrender of Napoleon
+       Being the narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte, and
+       of his residence on board H.M.S. Bellerophon, with a detail
+       of the principal events that occurred in that ship between
+       the 24th of May and the 8th of August 1815
+
+Author: Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+Editor: William Kirk Dickson
+
+Release Date: May 23, 2009 [EBook #28934]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by StevenGibbs, Christine P. Travers and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+
+  SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON
+
+
+  BEING THE
+
+  NARRATIVE OF THE SURRENDER OF BUONAPARTE, AND
+  OF HIS RESIDENCE ON BOARD H.M.S. BELLEROPHON,
+  WITH A DETAIL OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS THAT
+  OCCURRED IN THAT SHIP BETWEEN THE 24th OF MAY
+  AND THE 8th OF AUGUST 1815
+
+
+  BY
+
+  REAR-ADMIRAL SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND, K.C.B.
+
+
+
+
+  _A NEW EDITION EDITED, WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY_
+  WILLIAM KIRK DICKSON
+
+  WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS
+  EDINBURGH AND LONDON
+  MCMIV
+
+  _All Rights reserved_
+
+
+
+
+NOTE.
+
+
+After Sir Frederick Maitland's death in 1839 his papers passed into
+the hands of Lady Maitland, who liferented his property of Lindores in
+Fife until her death in 1865. They then passed with the property to
+Sir Frederick's nephew, Captain James Maitland, R.N., and on his death
+to his brother, Rear-Admiral Lewis Maitland, my father, from whom they
+came to me.
+
+The preparation of the present volume has been undertaken by Mr.
+Dickson at my request.
+
+                                             FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+LINDORES, _December 9, 1903_.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+"You are publishing a great and interesting national document.... The
+whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as ever was
+given of so interesting a transaction." So wrote Sir Walter Scott to
+Captain Maitland after reading the manuscript of his _Narrative of the
+Surrender of Buonaparte_. It is undoubtedly a historical document of
+the first importance, not only as a record of "words by an eyewitness"
+of an ever-memorable event, but as a vindication of the good faith of
+the British Government in its conduct towards Napoleon.
+
+In his Preface to the original edition, published by Henry Colburn in
+1826, Sir Frederick Maitland wrote:--
+
+"Immediately after the extraordinary and interesting events took place
+which are here recorded, I was, by the earnest solicitations of my
+friends, induced to throw together the notes and memoranda in my
+possession, of the proceedings in which I bore so prominent a part. I
+was further led to undertake this task, so foreign to my usual
+occupations, in consequence of the many misrepresentations that
+appeared at that time, respecting the conduct of Buonaparte while on
+board the ship I commanded, as well as my treatment of him.
+
+"The following Narrative was then written solely for the private
+perusal of my friends, and not with a view to publication, many
+reasons combining, at that time, in my opinion, to render such a
+measure inexpedient.
+
+"I made it my study to state events exactly as they occurred, and, in
+doing so, to avoid, as much as possible, all prejudice, either
+against or in favour of the extraordinary man whom it was my fortune
+to secure and bring to this country. It may appear surprising that a
+possibility could exist of a British officer being prejudiced in
+favour of one who had caused so many calamities to his country; but to
+such an extent did he possess the power of pleasing, that there are
+few people who could have sat at the same table with him for nearly a
+month, as I did, without feeling a sensation of pity, allied perhaps
+to regret, that a man possessed of so many fascinating qualities, and
+who had held so high a station in life, should be reduced to the
+situation in which I saw him.
+
+"Although many of the causes for withholding my Narrative from the
+public eye have long been removed, I had no intention of bringing it
+forward, until by accident it fell into the hands of a most celebrated
+literary character [Sir Walter Scott]. He did me the honour, on
+returning it, to express an opinion which I was not at all prepared to
+expect, and so strongly to recommend its being published, that however
+averse to appearing as an author, I have been induced, under the
+sanction of such high authority, to present it to the public."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The text and notes of the edition of 1826 have been reprinted
+verbatim.
+
+Sir Walter Scott's notes on the MS. of the Narrative are among the
+papers at Lindores. They consist chiefly of verbal criticisms on Sir
+Frederick's original rough draft. Unfortunately it is no longer in
+existence, and most of Sir Walter's notes cannot be followed without
+it. A few of his comments are printed as footnotes, in square
+brackets, and a portion of his MS. is reproduced in facsimile at page
+230.
+
+A sketch of Sir Frederick's life, chiefly based on the journals at
+Lindores, has been prefixed to the Narrative.
+
+The Appendix of the original edition has been printed, with an
+additional Appendix, consisting of (1) a list of the officers serving
+on board the _Bellerophon_ in July 1815, supplied by the courtesy of
+the Secretary to the Admiralty; (2) an unpublished letter from one of
+the assistant-surgeons of the _Bellerophon_, giving an account of
+Napoleon's surrender, recently acquired by the British Museum; and (3)
+several extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+the Bellerophon_. This extraordinary book, published in 1838, was
+written by George Home, son of Lieutenant A. Home, R.N., who on the
+death of the last Earl of Marchmont claimed the Marchmont peerage. It
+contained violent attacks on various persons connected with the family
+of Home of Wedderburn, and in particular on Admiral Sir David Milne of
+Milne-Graden and Lady Milne. An action was raised against the author
+and publishers, and damages were awarded against the former. The book
+was withdrawn from circulation, and is now extremely scarce. Home
+served as a midshipman on board the _Bellerophon_, and his
+"hair-brained narrative," as he calls it, adds some interesting
+details to his captain's record.
+
+The frontispiece is from a portrait of Sir Frederick, painted by
+Samuel Woodford, R.A., and engraved by Henry Meyer. The original is
+now at Lindores.
+
+The portrait of Lady Maitland at page lxviii is from a miniature at
+Lindores. This is the miniature which hung in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, and which was seen and commented on by Napoleon.
+
+The chart at page 1 is a slightly reduced copy of that in the original
+edition.
+
+The portrait of Napoleon at page 68 is from a sketch made on board the
+_Bellerophon_ by Colonel Planat, _officier d'ordonnance_ to the
+Emperor, and given by him to Captain Maitland.
+
+Mr Orchardson's well-known picture is reproduced at page 108, by
+permission of the Fine Art Company. It contains portraits of most of
+the chief personages of the story.
+
+The picture of the _Bellerophon_ at Plymouth at page 132 is
+reproduced, by permission of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty,
+from the original by J. J. Chalon, R.A., now in the Painted Hall at
+Greenwich.
+
+As is mentioned at page 202 of the Narrative, Napoleon desired to
+present Captain Maitland with a box containing his portrait set in
+diamonds. On Maitland's declining, in the circumstances, to accept any
+present of value, the Emperor begged him to keep as a souvenir a
+tumbler from his travelling case, bearing the crown and cipher of the
+Empress Josephine. This relic is still preserved at Lindores. A
+photograph of it is given at page 202.
+
+                                                              W. K. D.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+  MEMOIR OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                                 xxv
+
+NARRATIVE.
+
+  [_The summary of the contents of the Narrative given here is
+  that prefixed to the original edition. Sir Walter Scott's
+  notes are printed at pp. 70, 84, 155, 165, 208, 223, 225, and
+  229._]
+
+  Captain Maitland sets sail in the _Bellerophon_, with sealed
+  instructions                                                       1
+
+  He arrives off l'Isle Dieu. Proceeds off Rochefort                 2
+
+  Reconnoitres the French ships of war under l'Isle d'Aix            3
+
+  Is joined by the _Cephalus_                                        4
+
+  Captain Maitland hears of the victory of Waterloo. On June 30
+  receives a communication, sent from Bourdeaux within a quill,
+  respecting the probable flight of Buonaparte by sea             4, 5
+
+  Blockades Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and la Teste d'Arcasson            8
+
+  Destroys his prizes                                                9
+
+  A man and boy in a flat punt saved                                10
+
+  Captain Maitland watches the frigates at l'Isle d'Aix closely     11
+
+  Receives Sir Henry Hotham's instructions              12, 13, 14, 16
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Savary and Las Cases with a flag
+  of truce, approaches the _Bellerophon_                            21
+
+  Secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham                       21, 22, 24
+
+  Letter of Count Bertrand, announcing Napoleon's intention of
+  sailing to North America                                          26
+
+  The captain's answer to Bertrand                                  29
+
+  Conversation with Savary and Las Cases                            31
+
+  Receives private information by a row-boat                        35
+
+  Captain Maitland guards the Mamusson passage                      36
+
+  The white flag is hoisted at Rochelle                         37, 38
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ fires a royal salute                            37
+
+  The French frigates appear ready to put to sea                    38
+
+  English guard-boats continue to row near the frigates             38
+
+  British flag of truce, its colour                                 39
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Las Cases and General Lallemand,
+  returns to the _Bellerophon_                                  39, 40
+
+  Communication delivered from Napoleon                             42
+
+  Captain Maitland's reply                                          42
+
+  Buonaparte stated to be at Rochefort, but is at l'Isle d'Aix      44
+
+  Design for effecting the escape of Buonaparte in a cask on
+  board of a Danish vessel                                          45
+
+  Las Cases, with General Gourgaud, returns to the _Bellerophon_    46
+
+  They bring an important letter from Bertrand                      47
+
+  List of Napoleon's suite                                          51
+
+  The Emperor's letter to H.R.H. the Prince Regent                  54
+
+  Captain Maitland promises to receive Buonaparte                   56
+
+  Captain Sartorius is despatched to England, with a letter from
+  Captain Maitland, and with General Gourgaud                       58
+
+  Advice of Buonaparte's wish to escape repeatedly given            62
+
+  July 15, Napoleon reaches the _Bellerophon_, in the barge of
+  that ship. He comes on board. His uniform described           67, 68
+
+  Napoleon cheered by the crew of _l'�pervier_                      69
+
+  His address to Captain Maitland                                   69
+
+  The ship's officers are introduced to him                         71
+
+  His small knowledge of English                                    72
+
+  He examines the _Bellerophon_                                     72
+
+  Conversations between Napoleon and Captain Maitland
+                                           73, 74, 75, 76, 90, 95, 106
+
+  Buonaparte's naval opinions                               73, 74, 77
+
+  Breakfast on board the _Bellerophon_                              78
+
+  Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham arrives off Rochefort. His
+  conference with Captain Maitland                              79, 80
+
+  The Admiral comes on board the _Bellerophon_                      81
+
+  Conversation at dinner                                            83
+
+  Buonaparte's portable library and camp bed                    82, 84
+
+  He breakfasts on board the Admiral's ship                     85, 91
+
+  Attachment for him evinced by the officers of his suite      92, 228
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ sets sail for Torbay                        93, 96
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of Sir Sydney Smith                             96
+
+  The passage to England described                        98, 105, 107
+
+  Card-parties                                                      99
+
+  The captain's despatch to Lord Keith                             100
+
+  His conversation with Countess Bertrand relative to a portrait
+  of Napoleon                                                      103
+
+  Speaks with the _Swiftsure_, Captain Webley                      104
+
+  Count Las Cases                                                  107
+
+  English coast in sight                                           107
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ anchors in Torbay                              108
+
+  Buonaparte's exclamation on viewing the shore                    108
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith's orders                                      109
+
+  English newspapers read by Napoleon                              112
+
+  Observations of Madame Bertrand                             114, 120
+
+  Persons refused admission on board the _Bellerophon_             115
+
+  Lord Keith's approval of Captain Maitland's line of conduct 116, 117
+
+  Concourse of spectators in boats                            115, 118
+
+  Remarks of Buonaparte respecting the fishermen                   119
+
+  The ships sail for Plymouth                                      119
+
+  Observations on the breakwater                                   121
+
+  Communications of civility interchanged between Buonaparte and
+  Lord Keith                                                  117, 122
+
+  Lord Keith's precautions                                    123, 125
+
+  Buonaparte complains of the guard-ships                          127
+
+  The Lords of the Admiralty approve of Captain Maitland's
+  proceedings                                                      128
+
+  Napoleon's letter to the Regent is forwarded                     129
+
+  He is considered as a general officer                            130
+
+  Orders received from the Admiralty                               130
+
+  Sir Richard and Lady Strachan come alongside the ship            131
+
+  Napoleon's compliment on seeing Mrs Maitland                     132
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith is introduced to Napoleon                     134
+
+  Repugnance of the prisoners to their banishment to St Helena
+                                                              129, 134
+
+  Crowd of boats round the ship                                    135
+
+  Buonaparte's habits on board ship                                136
+
+  Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand fear proscription      137, 140, 142
+
+  Buonaparte informed that he was to be sent to St Helena          139
+
+  Sir Henry Bunbury visits him                                     140
+
+  He complains bitterly                                            141
+
+  He writes again to the Regent                                    142
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter favourable to Savary and Lallemand
+                                                              145, 152
+
+  Buonaparte shows himself on deck                                 147
+
+  Countess Bertrand much agitated at the thoughts of her husband
+  going to St Helena                                               149
+
+  Lallemand is reproved by Captain Maitland                        150
+
+  Buonaparte's assertion that "he would not go to St Helena"
+                                                         148, 151, 164
+
+  Extravagant conversation of the attendant generals               151
+
+  Mr O'Meara                                                       153
+
+  Countess Bertrand attempts to cast herself into the sea          153
+
+  Her retrospect of Buonaparte's conduct                      154, 156
+
+  Her impatience. She writes to Lord Keith                         155
+
+  She is overheard by the generals                                 157
+
+  Buonaparte's inquiries as to St Helena                           158
+
+  Report of an attempt to escape                                   159
+
+  Rumour of an intention of serving a Habeas Corpus to bring
+  Buonaparte ashore                                                162
+
+  Ship prepared for sea                                            162
+
+  The _Northumberland_ ordered to convey Buonaparte                162
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ weighs anchor                                  164
+
+  Service of a subpoena on Buonaparte frustrated by keeping the
+  lawyer at bay                                                    165
+
+  Note respecting writs of Habeas Corpus and subpoenas             165
+
+  Buonaparte again writes to the Regent                            168
+
+  He keeps entirely to the cabin; prepares a protest               169
+
+  Buonaparte's protest                                             170
+
+  He declares himself to be the guest of England, and no
+  prisoner                                                         171
+
+  Captain Maitland's observations thereon                          174
+
+  Conversation on this subject with Count Las Cases                176
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of the Army of the Loire, and of his party     178
+
+  Mr O'Meara requested by Buonaparte to become his surgeon         179
+
+  The _Northumberland_ in sight                                    180
+
+  Arms required to be delivered up                                 181
+
+  Lists of articles essential for the Trench officers and ladies
+  forwarded to Plymouth                                            182
+
+  Sir George Cockburn is introduced to Buonaparte                  182
+
+  Buonaparte permitted to wear his sword                           183
+
+  He requests an interview with Captain Maitland                   183
+
+  He expresses his wish of living on a small estate in England     185
+
+  He speaks in favour of Savary and Lallemand                      185
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter to Count Bertrand                      186
+
+  Lord Keith's order to the captain to deliver up General
+  Buonaparte and others                                            187
+
+  General Gourgaud                                                 190
+
+  Countess Bertrand's remonstrances                                192
+
+  A misunderstanding and reconciliation                            193
+
+  Napoleon returns thanks to Captain Maitland                      194
+
+  He speaks with regard of Count Bertrand                          195
+
+  Search of the baggage                                            196
+
+  The box of money temporarily taken charge of                     197
+
+  Parting of Buonaparte with the captain                           200
+
+  Buonaparte, accompanying Admiral Lord Keith, quits the
+  _Bellerophon_                                                    200
+
+  Count Montholon's polite intimation to Captain Maitland          201
+
+  The captain declines the present of a portrait                   202
+
+  Savary and Lallemand; their affecting parting with Napoleon in
+  the presence of Captain Maitland                                 203
+
+  The _Northumberland_ sails for St Helena                         204
+
+  Description of Napoleon Buonaparte                               205
+
+  His manners and conversation                                     206
+
+  Anecdotes                                         207, 210, 215, 216
+
+  He speaks of his wife and his son                                211
+
+  Their pictures                                              211, 212
+
+  Conversation respecting Kleber and Dessaix                       213
+
+  Napoleon's resources in money                                    214
+
+  The midshipmen act plays                                         217
+
+  Buonaparte's observations on the British cavalry, and relative
+  to the Duke of Wellington                                   218, 219
+
+  Character of Count Bertrand                                      222
+
+  Countess Bertrand, a daughter of General Dillon                  222
+
+  Savary, Duke of Rovigo, described                                224
+
+  Savary, Lallemand, and Planat are sent to Malta, and allowed
+  to go to Smyrna                                                  225
+
+  Character of Lallemand                                           225
+
+  Count and Countess Montholon                                     226
+
+  Count Las Cases and his son                                      227
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+  On what terms Captain Maitland received Buonaparte on board
+  his ship; and documents relating thereto                         231
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+  1. List of officers borne on the books of H.M.S. _Bellerophon_
+  in July 1815                                                     241
+
+  2. Letter from Ephraim Graebke, assistant-surgeon on board the
+  _Bellerophon_, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's
+  surrender, dated July 30, 1815                                   242
+
+  3. Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+  the Bellerophon_ [George Home]                                   246
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+  PORTRAIT OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                    _Frontispiece_
+  From an engraving by Henry Meyer, after Samuel Woodford, R.A.
+
+  PORTRAIT OF LADY MAITLAND                             _At p._ lxviii
+  From a miniature at Lindores.
+
+  CHART OF THE BASQUE ROADS                               "          1
+
+  PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON                                    "         68
+  From a sketch taken on board the _Bellerophon_ by Colonel
+  Planat.
+
+  NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE BELLEROPHON                       "        108
+  From the picture by W. Q. Orchardson, R.A., in the Tate
+  Gallery.
+
+  H.M.S. BELLEROPHON AT PLYMOUTH                          "        132
+  From the picture by J. J. Chalon, R.A., in the Painted Hall at
+  Greenwich.
+
+  TUMBLER GIVEN TO CAPTAIN MAITLAND BY NAPOLEON           "        202
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+  FACSIMILE OF PART OF SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOTES ON THE
+  "NARRATIVE"                                             "        230
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+
+The name of Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland has found a permanent place
+in history as that of the captor of Napoleon. Apart from the rare
+piece of good fortune which befell him in the Basque Roads in July
+1815, his distinguished career of public service entitles him to an
+honourable place in the records of the British Navy.
+
+He was the third son of Captain the Hon. Frederick Lewis Maitland,
+R.N., and was born at Rankeilour in Fife on September 7, 1777. His
+father, Captain Maitland, was the sixth son of Charles, sixth Earl of
+Lauderdale, grand-nephew of Charles II.'s famous minister, and was
+godson to Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of George
+II. He held various naval commands with distinction, served under
+Rodney in 1782, and between 1763 and 1775 commanded the royal yacht.
+He died in 1786, having been promoted rear-admiral just before his
+death. Maitland's mother, Margaret Dick, was the heiress of the family
+of Makgill of Rankeilour. The estates of that family were ultimately
+inherited by her eldest son, Charles Maitland.
+
+Young Maitland entered his father's profession at a very early age. He
+served as a midshipman, first under Captain George Duff in the
+_Martin_ sloop-of-war, and afterwards with the Hon. Robert Forbes in
+the _Southampton_ frigate, in which he was present at Lord Howe's
+great victory off Ushant on June 1, 1794,--the "glorious First of
+June." On April 5, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant,
+and appointed to the _Andromeda_, of 32 guns. From the _Andromeda_ he
+was removed to the _Venerable_, the flagship of Admiral Duncan in the
+North Sea. In April 1797 he went out to the Mediterranean to join Lord
+St Vincent.
+
+St Vincent had been a friend of his father's, and had promised to
+promote him as opportunity should occur. The flagship had her full
+complement of officers, so Maitland was appointed first lieutenant of
+the _Kingfisher_, a brig mounting 18 six-pounders and commanded by the
+Hon. Charles Herbert Pierrepont, afterwards Earl Manvers. In her he
+was present at the capture of four French privateers. With one of
+these, the _Betsey_, of 16 guns, a severe action was fought. When the
+prize-money for her capture was distributed, the crew of the
+_Kingfisher_ subscribed �50 to present Maitland with a sword in
+recognition of his conduct.
+
+Pierrepont was promoted to post rank in December 1798, and appointed
+to the _Spartiate_, one of Nelson's prizes taken at the Nile. A few
+days after his departure the _Kingfisher_, under Maitland's command,
+was leaving the Tagus, when she grounded on Lisbon bar and became a
+total wreck. Maitland was tried by court-martial at Gibraltar, and
+acquitted of all blame in connection with her loss. Immediately after
+his trial he was appointed flag-lieutenant to Lord St Vincent.
+
+On June 23, 1799, the French and Spanish fleets effected a junction
+at Cartagena, and in the following month they retired from the
+Mediterranean and took refuge in Brest. They passed the Straits of
+Gibraltar on July 7, when Maitland had an adventure which is described
+in Tucker's _Memoirs of Earl St Vincent_.
+
+"It is," he says, "an as yet untold anecdote of the presence of mind
+and courage of one of the highest-minded characters that ever adorned
+the British Navy, the late Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland.
+
+"At this period that gallant officer was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant; and when the fleets were first descried, Johnny
+Gilpin, as his lordship used to call him, was sent to order the
+_Penelope_, a little hired cutter, to go, count, and dodge them. The
+lieutenant commanding the cutter was found too ill to utter an order.
+But Mr Maitland, well knowing his Chief, and that this was service
+which must be done, at once assumed the command, and got the vessel
+under weigh. He stood over to Ceuta. The night was so pitchy dark and
+so calm that the cutter was unperceived by the enemy, and yet so close
+among them that the words of command in French and Spanish could be
+distinctly heard. At daybreak she was about gunshot distance from the
+whole Spanish fleet. When they saw her their admiral signalled a
+number of launches to tow a brig of 14 guns to attack her, but on
+their arrival within shot from the little _Penelope_, the reception
+she astonished them with was so spirited that the enemy dropped astern
+again and retired; and a faint hope of escape appeared, for, there
+being no wind, the cutter's boats were kept ahead all the forenoon,
+towing to the southward. Then every ship in that mighty fleet, except
+one frigate, actually turned their heads to the southward to give
+chase to the cutter. But the frigate stood to the northward, and as
+the afternoon's westerly breeze got up, it brought her down under
+studding-sails near the _Penelope_, before the air had reached her.
+When she was within cable's length, the frigate opened her broadside
+fire. Mr Maitland told the cutter's crew to lie down upon the deck
+till the frigate had discharged all her guns. The men lay down very
+smartly; but when ordered to rise, splice the top-sail braces, and get
+the vessel's head about, not a man of them would stir. 'Fighting,'
+they said, 'was not their employ; they were not hired for it, and,
+should they lose a limb, there was no provision for them;' and thus
+the frigate now renewing her fire, the little _Penelope_ was taken.
+
+"To the honour of the Spanish admiral it must be added, that, having
+witnessed this bravery and heard that it was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant that had displayed it, he sent Mr Maitland in a cartel
+to Gibraltar, declaring him free without exchange."
+
+Tucker, who wrote in 1844, was not quite correct in saying that the
+anecdote was "as yet untold." It had been given long before in
+Marshall's _Naval Biography_. Marshall mentions, among other details,
+that "the _Penelope_ had on board a sum of money intended for Minorca,
+which it was not deemed advisable to remove, under the pressing
+urgency for her immediate departure from Gibraltar. When her crew
+found there was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they
+made an attempt to plunder the treasure, which Lieutenant Maitland
+most honourably and successfully resisted, alleging that as public
+property it was the lawful prize of the captors."
+
+Lord St Vincent returned to England in August 1799, accompanied by
+Maitland. On reaching Portsmouth he heard of an explosion of shells
+which had taken place in May on board the _Theseus_, 74, resulting in
+the death of her commander, Captain Ralph Willet Miller. A vacancy had
+thus occurred in the Mediterranean before the admiral quitted that
+station. He used his privilege as commander-in-chief and promoted
+Maitland to the rank of commander in the _Cameleon_ sloop-of-war, the
+promotion to date from June 14. Maitland at once went out to join his
+new ship, which was then on the coast of Egypt under Sir Sidney Smith.
+After the signing of the convention of El Arish he was sent home with
+despatches. He returned and regained his ship, in which he made
+several captures.
+
+On December 10, 1800, he was appointed by Lord Keith to the
+_Wassenaar_, 64. As she was then lying at Malta unfit for service, he
+obtained permission to accompany Sir Ralph Abercromby's expedition to
+Egypt.
+
+The fleet anchored in Aboukir Bay on the 2nd of March 1801. On the
+8th, Abercromby effected a landing in face of a large and strongly
+posted French force. To Maitland fell the duty of commanding the armed
+launches employed to cover the landing. The enemy were driven from
+their positions, and retired towards Alexandria with the loss of seven
+guns. Abercromby at once followed them up, and advanced on the neck of
+sand lying between the sea and the Lake of Aboukir, leaving a distance
+of about four miles between the English and French camps. On the 13th
+he again attacked the French, and forced them back upon their lines
+before Alexandria. The right flank of the British force rested on the
+sea, the left on the Lake of Aboukir, and the flanks were covered by a
+naval flotilla, the boats on the sea being under Maitland's command,
+and those on the lake under that of Captain James Hillyar. Seven days
+later Sir Sidney Smith, who commanded the naval battalion serving on
+shore, received from a friendly Arab sheikh a letter informing him
+that it was General Menou's intention to attack the British camp next
+morning. The news was thought too good to be true, as in a few days
+Abercromby would have been compelled to attack the lines of Alexandria
+under every tactical disadvantage. It was, however, confirmed, and on
+the 21st of March the battle of Alexandria was fought, the fate of
+Egypt was decided, and Abercromby received his death-wound. Maitland
+again covered the British right flank from the sea. In the detailed
+plan of the battle given in Sir Robert Wilson's _History of the
+British Expedition to Egypt_, Maitland's flotilla is shown a little to
+the west of the ruins of Nicopolis, in a position to enfilade the
+French attack. For his services on the 8th, 13th, and 21st Maitland
+received the thanks of the naval and military commanders-in-chief, and
+on March 22, the day after the battle, Sir Sidney Smith wrote to Lord
+Keith warmly commending Maitland's conduct.
+
+Maitland's post commission was confirmed by the Admiralty on the day
+of the battle of Alexandria. In the ensuing month he was appointed to
+the _Dragon_, 74, and shortly afterwards to the _Carr�re_, a French
+40-gun frigate taken near Elba. He remained in command of her in the
+Mediterranean till the Peace of Amiens.
+
+The _Carr�re_ was paid off on October 4, 1802. Eleven days afterwards
+Maitland was appointed by Lord St Vincent to the _Loire_, a fine
+46-gun frigate. War broke out again on May 18, 1803, and the _Loire_
+started on a brilliant career of captures,[1] which included the
+10-gun brig _Venteux_, cut out from under the Isle of Bas by two of
+the _Loire's_ boats, the _Braave_ privateer, and the 30-gun frigate
+_Blonde_, captured in August 1804 after a pursuit of twenty hours and
+a desperate running fight.
+
+         [Footnote 1: They are fully detailed in Marshall's _Naval
+         Biography_, vol. ii. part 1, pp. 387 _et seq._]
+
+An official letter written by Maitland in June 1805, gives us a vivid
+glimpse of frigate service in the old days:--
+
+
+_Captain Maitland to Rear-Admiral Drury, Cork._
+
+                                             LOIRE, MUROS ROAD, SPAIN,
+                                                  _June 4, 1805._
+
+SIR,--Being informed that there was a French privateer of 26 guns
+fitting out at Muros, and nearly ready for sea, it struck me, from my
+recollection of the bay (having been in it formerly, when lieutenant
+of the _Kingfisher_), as being practicable either to bring her out or
+destroy her with the ship I have the honour to command. I accordingly
+prepared yesterday evening for engaging at anchor, and appointed Mr
+Yeo, with Lieutenants Mallock and Douglas, of the marines, and Mr
+Clinch, master's-mate, to head the boarders and marines, amounting,
+officers included, to 50 men (being all that could be spared from
+anchoring the ship and working the guns), in landing and storming the
+fort, though I then had no idea its strength was so great as it has
+proved. At nine this morning, on the sea-breeze setting in, I stood
+for the bay in the ship, the men previously prepared, being in the
+boats ready to shove off. On hauling close round the point of the
+road, a small battery of 2 guns opened a fire on the ship; a few shot
+were returned; but perceiving it would annoy us considerably, from its
+situation, I desired Mr Yeo to push on shore and spike the guns;
+reminding the men of its being the anniversary of their Sovereign's
+birth, and that, for his sake, as well as their own credit, their
+utmost exertions must be used. Though such an injunction was
+unnecessary, it had a great effect in animating and raising the
+spirits of the people. As the ship drew in, and more fully opened the
+bay, I perceived a very long corvette, of 26 ports, apparently nearly
+ready for sea, and a large brig of 20 ports, in a state of fitting;
+but neither of them firing, led me to conclude they had not their guns
+on board, and left no other object to occupy my attention but a heavy
+fort, which at this moment opened to our view, within less than a
+quarter of a mile, and began a wonderfully well-directed fire, almost
+every shot taking place in the hull. Perceiving that, by standing
+further on, more guns would be brought to bear upon us, without our
+being enabled to near the fort so much as I wished, I ordered the helm
+to be put down; and when, from the way she had, we had gained an
+advantageous position, anchored with a spring, and commenced firing.
+Although I have but little doubt that, before long, we should have
+silenced the fort, yet, from the specimen they gave us, and being
+completely embrasured, it must have cost us many lives, and caused
+great injury to the ship, had not Mr Yeo's gallantry and good conduct
+soon put an end to their fire.
+
+I must now revert to him and the party under his command. Having
+landed under the small battery on the point, it was instantly
+abandoned; but hardly had he time to spike the guns, when, at the
+distance of a quarter of a mile, he perceived a regular fort, ditched,
+and with a gate, which the enemy (fortunately never suspecting our
+landing) had neglected to secure, open a fire upon the ship. Without
+waiting for orders he pushed forward, and was opposed at the inner
+gate by the Governor, with such troops as were in the town, and the
+crews of the French privateers. From the testimony of the prisoners as
+well as our own men, it appears that Mr Yeo was the first who entered
+the fort, with one blow laid the Governor dead at his feet, and broke
+his own sabre in two. The other officers were despatched by such
+officers and men of ours as were most advanced, and the narrowness of
+the gate would permit to push forward. The remainder instantly fled
+to the further end of the fort, and from the ship we could perceive
+many of them leap from the embrasures upon the rocks, a height of
+above 25 feet. Such as laid down their arms received quarter....
+
+The instant the Union was displayed at the fort, I sent and took
+possession of the enemies' vessels in the Road, consisting of the
+_Confiance_, French ship privateer, pierced for 26 twelves and nines,
+none of which, however, were on board; the _B�lier_, French privateer
+brig, pierced for 20 eighteen-pounder carronades; and a Spanish
+merchant brig in ballast. I then hoisted a flag of truce, and sent to
+inform the inhabitants of the town, that if they would deliver up such
+stores of the ship as were on shore, there would be no further
+molestation. The proposal was thankfully agreed to. I did not,
+however, think it advisable to allow the people to remain long enough
+to embark the guns, there being a large body of troops in the
+vicinity. A great many small vessels are in the bay, and hauled up on
+the beach. None of them having cargoes of any value, I conceive it an
+act of inhumanity to deprive the poorer inhabitants of the means of
+gaining their livelihood, and shall not molest them. On inspecting the
+brig, as she had only the lower rigging overhead, and was not in a
+state of forwardness, I found it impracticable to bring her away, and
+therefore set fire to her: she is now burnt to the water's edge. I
+cannot conclude my letter without giving the portion of credit that is
+their due to the officers and men on board the ship. They conducted
+themselves with the greatest steadiness and coolness; and although
+under a heavy fire, pointed their guns with the utmost precision,
+there being hardly a shot that did not take effect.... It is but fair
+at the same time to state that, much to the credit of the ship's
+company, the Bishop and one of the principal inhabitants of the town
+came off to express their gratitude for the orderly behaviour of the
+people, there not being one instance of pillage; and to make offer of
+every refreshment the place affords.
+
+I am now waiting for the land breeze to carry us out, having already
+recalled the officers and men from the fort, the guns being spiked
+and thrown over the parapet, the carriages rendered unserviceable, and
+the embrasures, with part of the fort, blown up.
+
+I have the honour to be, &c.,
+
+                                                    FRED. L. MAITLAND.
+
+
+On June 27, 1805, the Common Council of the City of London voted him
+their thanks for his distinguished conduct in Muros Bay. The Committee
+of the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's presented him with a sword, and on
+October 18 he received the freedom of the city of Cork in recognition
+of his exertions for the protection of Irish trade.
+
+In the following winter the _Loire_ had a narrow escape. Marshall thus
+describes the incident:--
+
+"On the 13th Dec. 1805, the _Loire_, accompanied by the _Alcmene_
+frigate, fell in with the Rochefort squadron, consisting of six sail
+of the line, three frigates, and three corvettes. Maitland immediately
+sent the _Alcmene_ to the fleet off Brest, himself keeping company
+with the Frenchmen. Being to leeward, and desirous of obtaining the
+weather-gage, as the safest situation for his own ship, he carried a
+heavy press of sail, and in the night of the 14th, having stretched
+on, as he thought, sufficiently for that purpose, put the _Loire_ on
+the same tack as they were. About two A.M., it being then exceedingly
+dark, he found himself so near one of the largest ships as to hear the
+officer of the watch giving his orders. As the noise of putting about
+would have discovered the _Loire's_ situation, Captain Maitland very
+prudently abstained from doing so, until, by slacking the lee braces
+and luffing his ship to the wind, the enemy had drawn sufficiently
+ahead. At daylight he had the satisfaction to observe them four or
+five miles to leeward; and although he was chased both on that and the
+following day by a detachment from the enemy's squadron, he returned
+each evening and took his station on the French admiral's
+weather-beam, sufficiently near to keep sight of them till the
+morning. During the night between the 16th and 17th, several large
+ships were seen to windward running down, and which, on perceiving the
+_Loire_ and those to leeward of her, made such signals as proved them
+also to be enemies. Captain Maitland had now no alternative but to
+make sail in order to get from between those two squadrons, the latter
+of which afterwards proved to be from Brest."
+
+On November 28, 1806, Maitland was appointed to the _Emerald_, a
+36-gun frigate. During the whole of her commission he cruised with
+ceaseless activity and made a very great number of captures. He was
+present with Lord Gambier's fleet outside Aix Roads in April 1809,
+when Cochrane made his famous fire-ship attack on the French fleet.
+The _Emerald_ was one of the few ships which, on the 12th, were sent
+by Gambier, much against his will, to support Cochrane in the
+_Imp�rieuse_. One can well imagine that her gallant commander shared
+Cochrane's indignation at seeing so daring an enterprise shorn of its
+fruits by the weakness and irresolution of their chief.
+
+Maitland's next appointment, dated June 3, 1813, was to the _Goliath_,
+a cut-down 74. He commanded her for twelve months on the Halifax and
+West India stations. Having been found seriously defective, she was
+paid off at Chatham in October 1814. In the following month Maitland
+was appointed to the _Boyne_, then fitting at Portsmouth for the flag
+of Sir Alexander Cochrane, commander-in-chief on the coast of America.
+
+In January 1815 he was at Cork, and had collected a large fleet of
+transports and merchant vessels bound for America. The fleet was ready
+to sail, but was detained at Cove by a succession of strong westerly
+winds. Before the wind changed the news came that Napoleon had escaped
+from Elba.
+
+Maitland's orders were at once countermanded, and he was removed to
+the ship with which his name will always be associated, the
+_Bellerophon_, 74. This famous old ship had fought on the First of
+June, at the Nile, and at Trafalgar; she was now once more to render a
+conspicuous service to the country.
+
+She sailed from Plymouth with Sir Henry Hotham's squadron on May 24,
+1815. Her commander's record of the memorable events which took place
+on board her during the following weeks is in the reader's hands, and
+nothing more need be said of them here. Let it suffice to note that
+the controversies which have raged around the story of Napoleon's
+exile, and which have tarnished so many reputations, have left
+Maitland's without a stain. "My reception in England," said Napoleon
+himself to Maitland, as he bade him farewell in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, "has been very different from what I expected; but it
+gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your conduct to
+me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of honour."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Up to this point the materials for Maitland's biography are somewhat
+scanty. After this his journal, preserved at Lindores, gives us a very
+full record of his services.
+
+In October 1818 he was appointed to the _Vengeur_, 74. She had been
+intended to bear the flag of Rear-Admiral Otway on the Leith station.
+In June 1819, however, she was ordered to join the squadron destined
+for South America under the command of Sir Thomas Hardy--Nelson's
+Hardy. The squadron left Spithead on September 9, having on board Mr
+Thornton, H.B.M.'s minister to Brazil.
+
+The following year was spent on the South American coast. In the
+disturbed political condition of the Continent, the duties of the
+British naval officers on the station were sometimes difficult and
+delicate, as British ships and British subjects frequently got into
+trouble with the forces of the revolted Spanish colonies. Maitland's
+time was spent chiefly at Rio de Janeiro. In 1807, when Napoleon's
+troops first appeared in the Tagus, the Portuguese Court had emigrated
+to Brazil and had been there ever since. Maitland's journal contains
+many amusing notes--not always printable--about King John VI. and his
+disreputable family. "The king is very fond," he writes, "of comparing
+himself to the Regent of Great Britain, and does it as follows: 'His
+father is mad, so was my mother. I was Regent, so is he. I am very
+fat, so is he. I hate my wife, so does he.'" One anecdote which he
+tells of the king "must," he thinks, "raise him in the opinion of
+every British subject. When the Count de la Rocca was Spanish
+Ambassador at the Brazils, upon a rejoicing day the Portuguese ships
+were dressed with the national flag at the main, the British colours
+at the fore, and Spanish at the mizzen. The Count being at Court,
+drew the (then) Prince to a window which commanded a view of the
+harbour, and said to him, 'I have to ask your Royal Highness to look
+at those ships. The British colours are at the fore and my master's at
+the mizzen topmast-head. Were it only occasionally or alternately I
+should not complain, but it is never otherwise, and I feel it my duty,
+considering the close family connection that subsists between H.M. the
+King of Spain and your Royal Highness, to represent it to you, as it
+hurts my feelings in a manner I cannot express.' The King of Portugal
+tapped him gently on the shoulder and said to him, 'I'll tell you
+what, my friend, had it not been for that flag and the nation to whom
+it belongs, neither your master nor I would have had a flag to hoist
+at all.'"
+
+That was true enough; still, the Portuguese were getting a little
+tired of the British flag. The Peninsular War had made Portugal almost
+a British dependency. Lord Beresford remained in command of the
+Portuguese army after the peace, and many other important appointments
+were held by English officers. The old monopoly of trade with Brazil
+had been broken down in favour of the English, to the ruin of not a
+few Portuguese merchants. These grievances, the continued absence of
+the Court in Brazil, and the general misgovernment of the country, had
+caused widespread discontent. Matters became critical after the
+outbreak of the Spanish revolution in January 1820. In the spring of
+that year Beresford went out to Brazil to lay the state of affairs
+before the king, and to try to induce him to return to Portugal. The
+king would neither go himself nor allow his son to go. On August 13,
+Beresford sailed from Rio for Lisbon in Maitland's ship, the
+_Vengeur_.
+
+While she was crossing the Atlantic, revolution broke out in Portugal.
+A military rising took place at Oporto on the 24th of August, and when
+the _Vengeur_ reached Lisbon on October 10, Maitland found that the
+Regency had been deposed and a provisional Junta installed in the
+capital. Beresford was absolutely forbidden to land, even as a private
+individual, and was requested to leave the port without delay. The
+provisional Government told him plainly that in the existing state of
+public feeling they could not be responsible for his safety if he came
+on shore. After remaining for nearly a week on board the _Vengeur_ in
+the Tagus, he went on to England in a packet-boat.
+
+Maitland had expected to return to England, but at Lisbon he received
+orders to proceed immediately to the Mediterranean on secret service.
+On October 27 he reached the Bay of Naples, where he found a British
+squadron of five ships under Sir Graham Moore.
+
+Serious political trouble had arisen in Naples. After the fall of
+Murat, Ferdinand IV. had been restored to his throne by the Congress
+of Vienna, and in 1816 had assumed the title of King of the Two
+Sicilies. Under the restored monarchy discontent had been steadily
+growing. There had been no violent counter-revolution, but the
+interests of the country had been sacrificed without scruple to those
+of the king's friends, the swarm of courtiers who had shared his
+ignoble exile at Palermo. The revolutionary society of the Carbonari
+spread rapidly, alike in the army and in civil society. In Naples, as
+in Portugal, the Spanish revolution brought things to a crisis. On
+July 2, 1820, a military outbreak took place at Nola. This was
+followed by a general demand for a Constitution, which the king was
+powerless to resist. On July 13 he took the oath to the Constitution
+before the altar in the royal chapel.
+
+A revolution in Naples would in all probability be followed by similar
+uprisings in the Papal States. Metternich was seriously alarmed. A
+conference of sovereigns and ministers to consider the affairs of
+Naples was arranged to be held at Troppau, in Moravia, in October
+1820. England and France stood aloof from action, and the matter
+remained in the hands of the Emperor of Austria, the Czar, and the
+King of Prussia. It was resolved to invite King Ferdinand to meet his
+brother sovereigns at Laibach, in the Austrian province of Carniola,
+and through him to address a summons to the Neapolitans, requiring
+them, in the name of the three Powers and under threat of invasion, to
+abandon their Constitution.
+
+Ferdinand could not leave the country without the consent of the
+Legislature. This was only given on his swearing to maintain the
+existing Constitution. He did so with effusions of patriotism, and on
+December 13 he embarked on board the _Vengeur_, Maitland's ship, which
+conveyed him to Leghorn. On reaching Leghorn he addressed a letter to
+the sovereigns of the Great Powers repudiating all his recent acts. He
+reached Laibach in due course; and the Congress which took place there
+in January 1821 resulted in the restoration of absolutism at Naples
+and the occupation of the country by the Austrians.
+
+It was a curious coincidence that Maitland should within a few years
+have had two sovereigns as passengers,--one the central figure of
+modern European history, the other the good-natured elderly buffoon
+who in this country is chiefly remembered as the husband of the friend
+of Lady Hamilton. Maitland thus records the voyage:--
+
+_Naples Bay, Wednesday, Dec. 13, 1820._--A good deal of rain during
+the night; in the morning the wind to the east. A general order came
+on board for the captains to attend the admiral in their barges, for
+the purpose of attending the King of Naples off to the _Vengeur_,
+dressed in full uniform, with boots and pantaloons; a note, likewise,
+from the admiral telling me he intended to get the squadron under way
+and see the King out of the bay, the _R�volutionnaire_ forming astern
+of the _Vengeur_, and he, with the five ships in line of battle,
+taking a position on our weather quarter; and when he takes his leave
+each ship is to pass under our stern, and there and then salute. The
+yards are to be manned and the ships to salute, beginning when the
+_Vengeur_ fires her second gun. It is the intention of the French
+squadron to weigh also and stand out. At three P.M. the King of Naples
+came on board in Sir Graham Moore's barge, attended by the admiral and
+all the captains of the squadron except myself (as I stayed on board
+to receive him), and all the captains of the French squadron. He was
+saluted and cheered by all the ships except the Neapolitan, one of
+which manned her rigging, but no salute was given. As soon as the
+King was on board, unmoored, as did _R�volutionnaire_ and _Duchesse de
+Berri_. Employed beating out. At about ten P.M. the _R�volutionnaire_
+was on our weather-bow when a thick heavy squall came on which blew
+the main top-sail away. When the squall cleared away a little, I saw
+the _R�volutionnaire_ close to us on our lee-bow, off the wind and
+stemming for us, and so near it was impossible the ships could clear
+each other. It therefore became necessary to adopt the measure which
+would soften the first blow as much as possible, and I ordered the
+helm to be put down. When the ship came head to wind she struck the
+_R�volutionnaire_ just before the mainmast, slewed our cut-water right
+across, carried away the jib-boom, spritsail yard, &c., and then
+backed clear of her. A lad fell overboard from the _R�volutionnaire_
+and made a great noise, which enabled us to send a boat and pick him
+up, he having got upon one of our life-buoys. Got the runners up and
+the messenger through the hawse-holes, and set them up with the top
+tackles, which enabled us soon to make sail. Saw the _Duchesse de
+Berri_ working out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 14._--Strong breeze to the westward, with sea getting up. Saw
+_R�volutionnaire_ to leeward. On examination, found the cut-water so
+much shook I determined to run on to Baia and secure the bowsprit;
+made signal to prepare to anchor, and bore up little after 8 A.M.
+Anchored in fifteen fathom water. The _R�volutionnaire_ was examined
+also, when I found her mainmast was sprung; sent the master and
+carpenter to survey the damage she had sustained, two or three of her
+timbers being broke. They reported she might be put in a state to
+proceed in two days. Sent Lieutenant Drewry up to the Admiral with a
+letter giving an account of our disaster, and informing him I should
+proceed as soon as the weather would admit of it, taking
+_R�volutionnaire_ with me if she was ready, otherwise directing him to
+follow. Got an answer from him in the evening offering the King any
+ship, even _Rochefort_ (the flagship), if we could not proceed; and
+that he had ordered _Active_ down here, to be ready to relieve
+_R�volutionnaire_ if she could not go. In the morning, when the King
+came out, he took hold of both my hands, squeezed them, and shook
+them very heartily, saying, "I am infinitely obliged to you for the
+way in which you manoeuvred the ship last night, for had it not been
+for your promptitude she must have been dismasted." Dined with his
+Majesty, who sent me an invitation, and took my place, by his
+direction, at his right hand, in the way I used when Bonaparte was
+with me, and was a good deal struck with the similarity of situation.
+On the King's left sat the Princess of Paterna, created by him Duchess
+of Floridia. She is married to him, but does not assume the title of
+Queen, because she is not of blood royal. She is an uncommonly
+handsome woman for her time of life,--which the Prince of Babro tells
+me is very near fifty,--her manners pleasing, and quite those of a
+woman of high rank. He seems much attached to her, was particular in
+recommending good dishes to her, and once or twice when he spoke to
+her took her hand, and shook and prest it in a friendly affectionate
+way.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Baia, Dec. 15._--Strong gale, with very heavy squalls and showers of
+rain. The King is, in my opinion, much better at an anchor here than
+beating about the sea in a gale of wind. Employed securing the
+bowsprit.... Dined with the King, who told us several anecdotes of his
+sea excursions; and he really is a tolerably good sailor. In the
+evening a deputation of the Parliament came on board to condole with
+his Majesty on the accident that had befallen the ship, and to wish
+him a pleasant voyage and a speedy return to his country. In the
+evening pointed the yards to the wind.... While at dinner, H.M. sent
+out to have "Rule Britannia" played by the band, and drank success to
+the British Navy with three cheers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 16._--In the morning the weather fine, with light wind W.S.W.
+Unmoored ship.... Stood over towards Capri till half-past one, when we
+tacked. The King told us at dinner he had been one of six who in seven
+days killed nine thousand quails on Capri Island, where in the month
+of May some years they come in millions.... Got round Ischia at 10
+o'clock P.M.......................................................
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Leghorn Roads, Wednesday, Dec. 20._--Employed all night beating into
+Leghorn Roads.... At eight, pratique boat came off and gave us
+pratique, and soon after the Governor of Leghorn came to pay his
+respects to the King, with a fine large barge. His Majesty soon got
+very impatient to go on shore, and would hardly give us time to make
+the necessary preparations for sending him out of the ship with due
+honours. At half-past nine he left the ship, accompanied by the
+Duchess of Floridia.... Saluted with twenty-one guns, and manned yards
+and cheered him as he left the ship. I accompanied him on shore, and
+when about to take my leave he asked me to dinner. I went, therefore,
+to the Grand Duke's palace, which is in the square; and when I got
+there the Marchese di Ruffo soon arrived, and, desiring my company in
+another room, produced the Order of St Ferdinand of the second class,
+and told me he had the King's sanction to present me with it; and when
+we were talking about it his Majesty came into the room and put it
+over my neck, and then led me by the hand and presented me to the
+Princess Paterna, when I returned my humble thanks to his Majesty,
+knelt, and kissed his hand. The princess told me it was her intention
+to send by me something as a present from her to my wife. The Marchese
+di Ruffo then came in and told me he had something further to
+communicate, and took me into the other room, when he gave me from his
+Majesty a remarkably handsome gold snuff-box with his portrait on
+it,--a very good likeness, set with twenty-four diamonds, some of them
+large, particularly four at the corners. He gave me also two other
+boxes, one for Captain Pellew and the other for the captain of the
+_Fleur de Lis_, and informed me he meant to give 3000 ducats to the
+_Vengeur's_ ship's company and 1500 to each of the frigates. Dined
+with the King, and came off in the evening.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 21._--... To Franschetti the banker to obtain the money given by
+the King of Naples to the ships' companies; and after waiting a long
+time and having a great deal of trouble with a very stupid old fellow,
+we managed to get it from him.... Got my patent as Commander of the
+Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, for which I had to pay ten ducats
+as a fee to the secretary's clerk,--a part of the ceremony I did not
+bargain for, as the order cannot be of any use to me, there being a
+rule against officers accepting of foreign orders except in particular
+cases.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 22._--... At eleven the boats came off and brought all my traps,
+and a small parcel from the Princess Paterna, containing a very
+handsome gold necklace and bracelets, requesting I would accept them
+for her sake and present them to my wife. His Majesty, as well as the
+princess, have behaved to me in a most munificent way, having loaded
+me with favours and marks of their affection, which I shall ever
+remember with the warmest gratitude. As I have now done with the King
+of Naples, it may be as well to say a few words of his person and
+habits. He is a tall thin fair man, now seventy years of age,
+uncommonly robust and active for that time of life, which may be
+attributed in a great measure to his temperance and love of
+field-sports, which has been ever his ruling passion, and often
+occasioned him to neglect the more imposing and serious duties of a
+king. As a man, he must be liked by every one who comes immediately in
+contact with him, as he is cheerful and good-humoured, though not a
+man of much information. While on board the ship he was generally up
+before daylight,--which at this season of the year is not saying
+much,--took a cup of coffee and a bit of biscuit,--to strengthen his
+stomach as he said,--and then said prayers, having two friars and a
+priest with him. At noon he dined, when he ate a very hearty meal, and
+drank about half a bottle of Neapolitan wine a good deal diluted with
+water, and ate nothing for the remainder of the day. In the evening he
+played picquet, and went to bed at eight or half past....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Vengeur_ returned to England in the spring of 1820, and Maitland
+was appointed to the _Genoa_, guardship at Portsmouth, from which he
+was superseded in October on the completion of his three years'
+continuous service on the peace establishment. The midshipmen of the
+_Genoa_ presented him with a sword as a mark of respect.
+
+Then followed a period of rest. In 1816 he had bought from his mother
+the estate of Lindores, near Newburgh, in Fifeshire, which had been in
+her family since 1569. Here he now spent several years, chiefly
+occupied in the improvement of the property. During the war he had
+made some �16,000 out of prize-money, part of which was spent in
+building the present mansion-house, overlooking the beautiful Loch of
+Lindores. In the spring of 1826 he visited London to arrange for the
+publication of the _Narrative_, which, after some fruitless
+negotiations with John Murray, was accepted by Colburn on satisfactory
+terms.
+
+On February 13, 1827, Maitland was appointed to the _Wellesley_, 74.
+In December 1826, Mr Canning, in response to an appeal from the
+Portuguese Regency, had sent English troops to Lisbon to protect the
+Government of Portugal against the threatened attack of Spain.
+Maitland was ordered to Lisbon, and the _Wellesley_ spent the autumn
+and winter of 1827 in the Tagus. After a spring cruise up the
+Mediterranean, she returned to England in May 1828. On June 26 she
+again sailed for the Mediterranean, carrying the flag of Admiral Sir
+Pulteney Malcolm, who was then going out to succeed Sir Edward
+Codrington in command of the Mediterranean station. On August 24 she
+joined the squadron under Codrington at Navarino.
+
+Maitland remained in Greek waters for the next two years. The tragic
+drama of the Greek Revolution, after seven years of horrors, had now
+reached its final act. By the Treaty of London, in July 1827, England,
+Russia, and France had undertaken to put an end to the conflict in the
+East, and to establish the autonomy of Greece. In the following
+October the battle of Navarino had been fought, and the Turkish fleet
+destroyed. Ibrahim Pasha still held the fortresses of the Morea, which
+he was shortly to evacuate under the pressure of a French army corps.
+In April 1828 war had broken out between Turkey and Russia.
+
+Desultory fighting was still going on in Crete, which had been utterly
+devastated by years of barbarous warfare. In October the _Wellesley_
+went to Suda Bay, and most of the winter was spent by Maitland on the
+coast of Crete, endeavouring to bring about an armistice, and
+superintending the blockade which the Powers had established in order
+to prevent military supplies from reaching the Turks in the island.
+The blockade was raised early in 1829; and during the following months
+Maitland visited nearly every point of interest on the Greek coast and
+in the Greek islands, as well as Sicily, the coast of Asia Minor, and
+Constantinople. Like most Englishmen who have served in the Levant, he
+developed a considerable respect for the Turk, and a quite unbounded
+contempt for the Greek. After the armistice negotiations in Crete he
+writes: "I found the conduct of the Turkish chiefs throughout manly,
+straightforward, and sincere, while that of their opponents was very
+much the reverse;" and in another place he writes of the Greeks that
+"a more perfidious, ferocious, and cruel race does not exist."
+Needless to say he did not think much of "our pretty Greek Committee."
+
+In the summer of 1830 the _Wellesley_ returned to England. Maitland
+attained his flag on July 22, 1830. At the reconstruction of the Order
+of the Bath in 1815 he had been made a C.B.; on November 17, 1830, he
+was advanced to be a K.C.B. In 1835 he received the Greek Order of the
+Redeemer.
+
+During his South American and Mediterranean cruises Maitland kept a
+very full and interesting private journal. It reveals him to us as a
+man of immense mental activity and power of observation, hard humorous
+common-sense, and an almost Pepysian interest in all the doings of
+mankind. Politics, arch�ology, cricket, theatricals, scandal, the
+terms of a treaty, the _menu_ of a good dinner, the armament of a
+foreign frigate, the toilette of a pretty woman,--everything interests
+him, and is observed, remembered, and noted in his diary. A few
+extracts have been given; within the limits of this sketch they cannot
+be multiplied. His account of the slave-market at Constantinople may
+serve as a specimen of his power of picturesque description.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_October 12, 1829._--... We then crossed the harbour, and went to the
+slave-market. It is held in a small square, with some houses in the
+middle, and on two sides of the square are small rooms, where the
+slaves for sale are kept until their turn comes to be put up.
+Adjoining the doors of these rooms or cells are raised platforms of
+wood on which a number of black women and girls were sitting; and I
+saw a few white ones inside. Outside these platforms are others, where
+the purchasers or those intending to purchase slaves were placed; and
+between the two platforms there is a passage three or four feet wide.
+At another corner of the market there were some black men and boys,
+chained by the legs to prevent their escaping, and among them we saw a
+very good-looking respectably dressed young man, also in chains. We
+were told he was a Georgian, but could not discover his history,
+though it is probable that his master had died, and that he was sold
+in consequence. He was smoking a pipe, and looked very disconsolate. A
+little after nine o'clock, the chief of the market arrived, and the
+sale began. Two or three black girls were first put up. A crier went
+round the square, followed by the slave for sale, passing through the
+passage before mentioned. When any person bids, the crier goes on,
+calling the sum bid, until some one bids higher, and continues calling
+till no more is bid, when the slave becomes the property of the
+highest bidder. There were three or four criers, with each a slave
+following them, going round the bazaar at the same time. At last a
+very pretty-looking white girl about sixteen years of age was put up
+for sale. Several bids had been made before I discovered her; and when
+I came up to the place where she was standing, Lambrino, the admiral's
+interpreter, asked the crier what sum was bid for her. He answered
+1200 piastres; upon which the girl turned round in a rage, and said to
+Lambrino, "You dog-faced fellow, what is that to you?" and the
+interpreter being a little man, with high shoulders and a face very
+much shaped like a dog's, the girl's remark excited a general laugh.
+The crier, however, was by no means pleased at the young lady for
+making such a display of her temper, as it was likely to hurt her
+sale, and he therefore reprimanded her. They then passed on along the
+passage and came to one of the divans, where a man about forty was
+sitting smoking his pipe. He stopped the crier, and took the girl by
+the hand, felt all up her arm to the shoulder, then drew her a little
+nearer and opened her waistcoat, which exposed a beautiful white
+bosom, and the effect seemed electric, for he immediately bid 1300
+piastres, and after pulling down the lower part of her veil so as to
+show the whole of her face, and looking at her teeth, he allowed the
+crier to proceed. The girl had been angry at Lambrino, and seemed a
+good deal distressed when the Turk was examining and handling her. I
+saw a blush of either modesty or indignation cross her countenance;
+but the instant the additional piastres were bid (whether from
+gratified vanity or what other cause I cannot say, for these poor
+creatures are very proud of bringing a high price) a smile of
+satisfaction beamed over her face, and she marched off in apparent
+good humour. I had seen enough of this horrid scene, and was tired of
+seeing a fellow-creature paraded about and handled like a horse,
+therefore was rejoiced when the admiral proposed we should leave it.
+Before we went away, a fellow, apparently an Armenian, came up and
+said he had a handsome young Greek girl for sale if we would like to
+see her. As, however, none of us under any circumstances could have
+purchased her, we declined his offer....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A characteristic feature of Maitland's diary is his constant reference
+to his wife. He had married, in 1804, Catherine, second daughter of
+Daniel Connor of Ballybricken, County Cork. They had only one child,
+who died in infancy. Maitland loved his wife with lifelong devotion;
+wherever the service called him, her picture hung in his cabin, and he
+carried her image in his heart. Every letter she wrote to him is noted
+in his journal; and it is full of references to her in words of
+devoted attachment. Thus on the voyage home from South America in 1820
+he writes: "Crossed the equator at eleven o'clock at night, and we are
+once more, Heaven be praised, in the northern hemisphere, which
+contains all I love and delight in in this world, and every mile we go
+draws us nearer to the sole mistress and possessor of my heart.... A
+more affectionate, kind, attached wife no man on earth is blessed with
+than myself." He was bitterly disappointed when from Lisbon he was
+ordered to the Mediterranean. As the ship passed Gibraltar he wrote:
+"This was the day I had settled in my own mind that I was to arrive at
+Portsmouth, and there meet the dearest and best of wives.... I had
+expected this day to be the happiest of human beings, and now the
+event that would make me so appears as distant as ever." When he was
+at Naples, Mrs Maitland appears to have fallen under religious
+influences of the kind which often embitter family relations; and it
+is pathetic to read the expression of her husband's grief and anxiety
+lest the love which was the chief joy of his life should be estranged.
+"I fear much," he writes, "I shall have to regret the longest day I
+have to live, having left her in Scotland, instead of taking her
+abroad with me, as she was in a nest of fanatical foolish women who
+have the madness to believe they are inspired from above." Happily the
+cloud soon passed, and he notes the receipt of "one of her own dear
+affectionate kind letters, such as she used formerly to write." A
+little later comes the joyful entry: "Bore up and made sail, with a
+fine strong Levant wind, which cleared us of the Gut of Gibraltar by
+noon; and I can now look forward with confidence to meeting my beloved
+Kate in about two weeks' time."
+
+From 1832 to 1837 Maitland was Admiral Superintendent of the dockyard
+at Portsmouth. In July 1837 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the
+East Indies and China. He hoisted his flag on his own old ship the
+_Wellesley_, now commanded by Captain Thomas Maitland, afterwards Earl
+of Lauderdale, and sailed for Bombay on the 11th of October. Lady
+Maitland accompanied him to the East.
+
+When the advance from Bombay towards Afghanistan was made in 1838, it
+was decided that a naval force should proceed along the coast to
+co-operate with the troops. In January 1839, Maitland, in the
+_Wellesley_, joined the squadron in the Indus, and was requested by
+Sir John Keane, the military commander-in-chief, to "proceed to
+Kurrachee and take it." He arrived with his squadron before Kurrachee
+the 1st of February, and sent a flag of truce, summoning the fort of
+Manora, which formed the chief defence of the town. The Baluchi
+garrison refused all terms, and fired on the boats of the squadron,
+which were engaged in landing troops. The _Wellesley_ accordingly
+opened fire, and soon reduced the fort to ruins and brought the
+commandant to terms. The British flag was hoisted on the fort by
+Lieutenant Jenkins of the _Wellesley_. The town also surrendered, and
+was occupied by the 40th Regiment and the 2nd Bombay Native Infantry.
+The British Government thus easily obtained possession of the chief
+port of the Punjab.
+
+After the capture of Kurrachee, Maitland returned to Bombay, and
+thence proceeded to Bushire, where difficulties had arisen with the
+Persian authorities. At an interview with the Governor, the Admiral
+demanded permission for himself and his officers to land and
+communicate freely with the British Resident. The Governor agreed to
+this, but refused to allow the Admiral to embark from the
+landing-place opposite the Residency. Next morning, March 25, all the
+boats of the squadron, manned and armed, proceeded to the shore to
+protect the embarkation of the Admiral and other officers. The
+following account by an eyewitness of what then took place is given in
+Low's _History of the Indian Navy_:--
+
+"The Persians had assembled to the number of several hundreds, and the
+Governor, with his body-guard, was determined to prevent, if possible,
+the property being shipped before the Residency. The first boat which
+approached the shore was fired upon, and one Persian had his musket
+presented at Captain Maitland. He was just on the eve of firing, when
+fortunately the Admiral and two Indian naval officers in a moment
+wrenched it from his hands, and kept possession of the piece, which
+they found loaded with a heavy charge. You may imagine how strongly
+inclined the marines must have been to fire. The benevolent spirit of
+the Admiral, however, would not allow it till the throwing of stones,
+and continued firing from the Persians, called forth two volleys,
+which caused the Persians to evacuate the breastwork. One was killed
+and two wounded; their fire upon us, fortunately, did not injure any
+one, but the Commodore and several other officers were struck with
+stones. After this the Residency was put in a state of defence,
+Captain Hennell (the Political Agent), had all the property conveyed
+as quickly as possible on board the _Wellesley_, _Elphinstone_,
+_Clive_, and _Emily_, and finally abandoned the Residency on the
+morning of the 28th, when surrounded by four or five hundred armed
+Persians, composed of Bushirees and Tungustanees, with Baukr Khan at
+their head.... And on the morning of the 29th the _Wellesley_ and the
+other vessels reached Kharrack, bringing along with them the whole
+Residency establishment."
+
+On May 9, 1839, the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India
+wrote to Maitland: "The Right Hon. the Governor-General highly
+applauds the cordial and able assistance offered by the officers and
+crews of H.M.'s and the Hon. Company's ships, in the removal on board
+the ships of the Resident and his suite from the Residency at
+Bushire,--an operation which, but for their aid, might have been
+attended with difficulty and danger." Maitland was bitterly attacked
+by the Anglo-Indian press for his forbearance on this occasion, which
+it was said had lowered British prestige in the eyes of the Persians.
+It is possible that our relations with Persia might have been improved
+by the slaughter of the Bushire mob by the _Wellesley's_ marines, but
+apparently the Admiral thought otherwise.
+
+The Bushire incident was followed by a cruise round the Persian Gulf,
+in the course of which the Admiral had various interviews with the
+local chiefs, and impressed upon them the necessity of keeping the
+peace and respecting British interests.
+
+It was his last service. He died at sea, off Bombay, on November 30,
+1839. A letter from the late Admiral Philip Somerville,[2] then a
+lieutenant on board the _Wellesley_, describes the closing scenes.
+
+         [Footnote 2: Admiral Somerville married Mary Stuart, eldest
+         daughter of David Maitland Makgill Crichton of Rankeilour,
+         and grand-niece of Sir Frederick. I am indebted for the use
+         of this letter to the courtesy of his son, Mr D. M. M.
+         Crichton Somerville.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"On our arrival at Bombay, Nov. 3," he writes, "the tents had not been
+pitched more than a week or so, and the one fitted by the Government
+for the Admiral was so very large that, after our arrival, he had to
+remain for some days on board ship ere it was ready. You may fancy
+the state the ground was in after five months' heavy rain,--the chill
+and damp scarcely possible to describe,--evaporation of course
+following the excessive heat of the day. A week had scarcely passed
+ere he felt its effects, but he could say nothing. On the 15th
+November I dined with him on shore. He seemed then tolerably well. On
+Sunday, 17th, he visited the ship, and returned to his tent. On the
+18th he dined with her Majesty's 6th Regiment, and complained a little
+that day. The 21st, he was out to see our sailors and marines
+exercising. The complaint from that time made rapid progress.
+Saturday, 23rd, Lady Maitland went to a large party, but returned to
+the Admiral very early. Sunday 24th and Monday 25th he was dangerously
+ill; 26th and 27th, rather easier. Preparations were made for going to
+sea. On the 28th, the poor old fellow was brought off and hoisted on
+board in a palankeen. I saw him for a moment. Poor Sir Frederick lay
+with his head thrown back, his mouth a little open, his cheeks sunk,
+and his whole frame totally changed. He was conveyed to his cabin. We
+immediately got under way. All gloom, and solemn silence prevailed. I
+daresay some at least were in deep thought, some thinking of his
+former prosperity, others of the money he had made; perhaps some
+thought of the happy and honourable day on which Bonaparte
+surrendered. After lingering until Saturday the 30th, at 11.45 he
+expired. One can scarcely conceive the sensation caused by the
+mournful event. The countenances of all evinced deep sorrow for their
+chief, a man who was looked up to by all who knew him, and greatly
+beloved by those under his command....
+
+"On Monday morning, preparations having been made the previous day,
+the troops of the garrison and boats from the ships began to assemble.
+The ship was painted black all over, and her yards topped in mourning.
+The body was conveyed in his own boat, the barge, the other boats
+following in order with their colours half-mast, presenting a very
+imposing sight. On leaving the ship, minute-guns began; and on the
+corpse reaching the shore, it was received with a guard of honour, and
+the fort commenced firing minute-guns as we formed in procession. The
+troops had their arms reversed, and the same people who received the
+Admiral that day fortnight at the dinner given by the 6th Regiment
+formed part of the parade that sorrowful moment. They lined the road
+through which we passed, and reached to the church. Here the body was
+received in the usual way, and all the respectable attendants followed
+it into the cathedral. The lesson was read by the officiating
+Archdeacon, and on coming to the grave in the aisle of the church, the
+Bishop read the service in a very affecting and solemn manner. After
+the ceremony we returned to our respective ships."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A monument to Sir Frederick's memory was erected in Bombay Cathedral
+by the officers of his command. "Among names," writes Lieutenant Low
+in his _History_, "which will ever be held in affection by the
+officers whose record of service is now 'as a tale that is told,' that
+of Maitland, the gallant and chivalrous seaman, to whom the mighty
+Napoleon surrendered his sword on the quarter-deck of the
+_Bellerophon_, will ever be prominent; and this record of his worth
+and nobility of character, and that other memorial on the walls of the
+Cathedral Church of St Thomas, will testify to the grateful
+remembrance in which his memory is held by the officers of the Indian
+Navy."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE
+
+
+On Wednesday the 24th of May, 1815, I sailed from Cawsand Bay, in
+command of His Majesty's ship Bellerophon, and under the orders of
+Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, whose flag was hoisted in the Superb. I
+received sealed instructions, part of which were to be opened on
+getting to sea, and part only to be examined in the event of my being
+separated from the Admiral. Those which I opened contained directions
+to detain, and send into port, all armed vessels belonging to the
+Government of France.
+
+On Sunday the 28th of May, we joined His Majesty's ships Astrea and
+Telegraph, stationed off Isle Dieu, on a secret service; and the
+following day, three transports, under charge of the Helicon, arrived
+from England, having on board arms and ammunition, to supply the
+Royalists in La Vend�e, for whose support and assistance I now found
+the squadron, of which the Bellerophon formed one, was destined.
+
+On Tuesday the 30th of May, I received orders from Sir Henry Hotham,
+to take the Eridanus under my command, and proceed off Rochefort, for
+the purpose of preventing a corvette from putting to sea, which,
+according to information received by the British Government, was to
+carry proposals from Buonaparte to the West India Colonies, to declare
+in his favour. I had likewise orders to reconnoitre the Roadstead of
+Rochefort, and report to the Admiral the number and state of the ships
+of war lying there. Accordingly, on the 31st of May, I ran into
+Basque Roads, and found at anchor, under Isle d'Aix, two large
+frigates, a ship corvette, and a large brig, all ready for sea, which
+I afterwards ascertained to be the M�duse, Saale, Balladi�re, and
+�pervier. Nothing occurred worth mentioning until the 9th of June,
+when the V�suve French corvette came in from the northward, and got
+into Rochefort, notwithstanding every effort to prevent her; the ships
+under my orders having been driven to the southward, during the night,
+by a strong northerly wind, accompanied by a southerly current. She
+was from Guadaloupe, and immediately on passing the Chasseron
+light-house, hoisted the tri-coloured flag.
+
+On the 18th of June, I detained and sent to Sir Henry Hotham, the
+�neas French store-ship, commanded by a lieutenant of the navy, with a
+crew of fifty men, loaded with ship-timber for the arsenal of
+Rochefort; but he, being of opinion that she did not come within the
+intention of the order, liberated her.
+
+On the 21st of June, I detained and sent to the Admiral, under charge
+of the Eridanus, the Marianne French transport, from Martinique,
+having on board 220 of the 9th regiment of light infantry, coming to
+France to join the army under Buonaparte. The Eridanus was sent to
+England with her, and did not return to me, being employed on other
+service.
+
+On the 27th of June, the Cephalus joined us, bringing with her the
+declaration of war against France; after which we were employed
+several days, taking and destroying chasse-mar�es, and other small
+coasting vessels.
+
+On the 28th of June, I received intelligence, from one of the vessels
+captured, of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo; and on the 30th, a boat
+came off from Bourdeaux, bringing the following letter, without date
+or subscription, written on very thin paper in English, and concealed
+within a quill. I give the contents verbatim.
+
+
+Copy of a Letter received by Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+off Rochefort, on the 30th of June, 1815, without date or
+subscription.
+
+
+"With great degree of certainty, being informed that Buonaparte might
+have come last night through this city from Paris, with the new Mayor
+of Bourdeaux, with a view to flight, by the mouth of this river, or La
+Teste, the author of the last note sent by Mr ---- hastily drops these
+few lines, to give the British Admiral advice of such intention, that
+he may instantly take the necessary steps, in order to seize the man.
+His ideas will certainly have brought him to think it natural, that
+the British stations will be less upon their guard in this quarter
+than any where else. The writer benefits by this opportunity to inform
+the Admiral that, since the last note, some alteration has taken place
+with regard to the troops spread in these two Divisions; in lieu of
+800 to 1000 in this city, there are now 5000, which is supposed owing
+to the intention of compressing the minds of this populace in this
+decisive instant.
+
+"It is supposed the British Admiral is already informed of the Grand
+Army being totally defeated and destroyed, the abdication of
+Buonaparte, &c. and the arrival of the allies near the Capital.
+
+"An attempt should be made on this Coast, with no less than 8000 men
+altogether. Immediate steps are wanted to put a stop to the supposed
+flight.
+
+"Should the attempt be made on the Coast from La Teste to Bourdeaux,
+an immediate diversion should be made on this side; the success is
+beyond any doubt.
+
+"A sharp eye must be kept on all American vessels, and particularly on
+the Susquehannah, of Philadelphia, Captain Caleb Cushing; General
+Bertand and another goes with him. The two entrances of Bourdeaux and
+La Teste must be kept close; a line or two is expected, on the return
+of the bearer from the Admiral, or Chief Officer on the Station. As
+this is writing, the news is spread generally, that the Duc de Berri
+and Lord Wellington are in Paris."
+
+The note alluded to had been received, and forwarded unopened, to the
+Admiral in Quiberon Bay.
+
+Though my attention was called so strongly to Bourdeaux, or la Teste
+d'Arcasson, as the parts of the coast from whence Buonaparte would
+probably attempt to escape, it was my decided opinion that Rochefort
+was much more likely to be the port where the trial would be made. I
+therefore sent the Myrmidon off Bourdeaux, the Cephalus to Arcasson,
+and remained with only the Bellerophon, off Rochefort. From this
+period, until my return to England, the ship was never, by day or
+night, more than three miles from the land. Considering it of much
+importance to communicate the intelligence contained in the letter
+from Bourdeaux, to my commanding officer, with as little delay as
+possible; as I had no vessel left with me, after detaching the two
+ships under my orders, I sent the Bellerophon's barge, under the
+charge of a lieutenant, with directions to endeavour to join some one
+of the cruisers stationed off Isle Dieu. I gave him an order,
+addressed to the Captain of any of His Majesty's ships he might fall
+in with, to proceed without loss of time, to join the Admiral in
+Quiberon Bay, with the despatch accompanying it. This boat was
+fortunate enough to fall in with His Majesty's ship Cyrus, Captain
+Carrol; who, in consequence, after hoisting in the barge, proceeded to
+Quiberon Bay.
+
+As the coasting-vessels were not worth sending into port for
+condemnation, (and considering the circumstances under which the ship
+I commanded was placed, I should not have felt justified in weakening
+her complement, even for a prize of value,) I was in the habit of
+using such captures, as marks for the men to practice firing at. The
+Cephalus had a chasse-mar�e in tow for that purpose, when the letter,
+inserted above, was received; and I detached her so shortly
+afterwards, that Captain Furneaux had no opportunity of destroying
+her, but was obliged to cast her off. After he had left me some time,
+I observed the vessel drifting to sea, and determined to run down and
+sink her. While approaching her in this view. I was sweeping the
+horizon with my glass, when I discovered, at a considerable distance,
+a small white speck on the water, which had the appearance of a
+child's boat with paper sails; but I could plainly perceive something
+that had motion in it; and, after firing on and destroying the
+chasse-mar�e, I stood towards the object which had engaged my
+attention, and found it to be a small punt, about eight feet long,
+flat-bottomed, and shaped more like a butcher's tray than a boat. In
+it were a young man about eighteen years of age, and a boy about
+twelve, who had got into the punt to amuse themselves, and, happening
+to lose one of their oars, were drifted to sea. They had been
+thirty-six hours without refreshment of any kind, and with only one
+oar and a bit of board, which they had formed into something like
+another; they were quite exhausted with fatigue, and their hands very
+much blistered. When we picked them up, there was a strong breeze
+blowing off the land, so that there cannot be a doubt, had not
+Providence sent us to their assistance, they must have perished. I
+kept the boys on board two or three days, for the purpose of
+recruiting their strength, and then landed them with the punt, close
+to their village, to the great joy and wonder of their parents and
+countrymen.
+
+On the first of July, we spoke a ship from Rochefort, the master of
+which gave information, that the frigates in Aix Roads had taken in
+their powder, and were in all respects ready to put to sea; also, that
+several gentlemen in plain clothes, and some ladies, supposed to form
+part of Buonaparte's suite, had arrived at Isle d'Aix: in short, upon
+the whole, that there was little doubt of its being his intention to
+effect his escape, if possible, from that place, in the frigates. On
+receiving this information, I anchored the Bellerophon as close to the
+French squadron as the batteries would permit, kept guard-boats rowing
+all night, and prepared my ship's company for the description of
+action in which I thought it was probable they would be engaged. I
+trained one hundred of the stoutest men, selecting them from the
+different stations in the ship; it being my intention, after firing
+into and silencing one frigate, to run the Bellerophon alongside of
+her, throw that party in, and then, leaving her in charge of the first
+lieutenant, to have proceeded in chase of the other.
+
+His Majesty's ship Phoebe joined us this evening, and brought with her
+the Bellerophon's barge. Captain Hillyar having orders to take a
+station off Bourdeaux, I recalled the Myrmidon from that service.
+
+On the 7th of July, I received a letter from Sir Henry Hotham,
+together with fresh orders, from which the following are extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Quiberon
+Bay, July 6, 1815.
+
+
+"It is impossible to tell which information respecting Buonaparte's
+flight may be correct; but, in the uncertainty, it is right to attach
+a certain degree of credit to all: that which I now act on, is
+received this morning, from the chief of the Royalists, between the
+Loire and the Vilaine.
+
+"Although the force of the Bellerophon would be sufficient for the
+ships at Isle d'Aix, if they were to give you an opportunity of
+bringing them to action together, you cannot stop them both, if the
+frigates separate; I am, therefore, now anxious you should have a
+frigate with you: therefore if any of them should be with you, keep
+her for the time I have specified; but if you have no frigate, and
+this should be brought to you by a twenty-gun ship, keep her with you
+for the same time; she will do to keep sight of a French frigate,
+although she could not stop her.
+
+"If this is delivered to you by Lord John Hay of the Opossum, do not
+detain him, as her force would be of no use to you, and I want him
+_particularly_, to examine vessels which sail from the Loire."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.;
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, 6th July, 1815.
+
+
+"Having this morning received information that it is believed Napoleon
+Buonaparte has taken his road from Paris for Rochefort, to embark from
+thence for the United States of America, I have to direct you will use
+your best endeavours to prevent him from making his escape in either
+of the frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which purpose you are,
+notwithstanding former orders, to keep any frigate which may be with
+you, at the time you receive this letter, in company with the ship you
+command, for the space of ten days, to enable you to intercept them in
+case they should put to sea together: but if you should have no
+frigate with you at the above time, you will keep the ship delivering
+this, (which will probably be the Slaney or Cyrus,) in company with
+the Bellerophon, ten days, and then allow her to proceed in execution
+of the orders her Captain has received from me."
+
+The Slaney brought the letter and order, parts of which are extracted
+above, and having no frigate in company, I detained her as part of the
+force under my command, though she was, on the 8th, sent down to the
+Mamusson passage, with orders for Captain Green of the Daphne, and did
+not return until the evening of the 11th.
+
+On the 8th of July, I was joined by a chasse-mar�e bringing a letter
+from Sir Henry Hotham, part of which is as follows:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, July 7, 1815.
+
+
+"Having sent every ship and vessel out from this bay, to endeavour to
+intercept Buonaparte, I am obliged to send the chasse-mar�e, which has
+been employed in my communications with the Royalists, with this
+letter, to acquaint you that the Ferret brought me information last
+evening, after the Opossum had left me, from Lord Keith, that
+Government received, on the night of the 30th, an application from the
+rulers of France, for a passport and safe conduct for Buonaparte to
+America, which had been answered in the negative, and, therefore,
+directing an increase of vigilance to intercept him: but it remains
+quite uncertain where he will embark; and, although it would appear
+by the measures adopted at home, that it is expected he will sail from
+one of the northern ports, I am of opinion he will go from one of the
+southern places, and I think the information I sent you yesterday by
+the Opossum is very likely to be correct; namely, that he had taken
+the road to Rochefort; and that he will probably embark in the
+frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which reason I am very anxious you should
+have force enough to stop them both, as the Bellerophon could only
+take one, if they separated, and that might not be the one he would be
+on board of. I have no frigate to send you; if one should join me in
+time, I will send her to you, and I hope you will have _two_
+twenty-gun ships with you. I imagine, from what you said in your
+letter by your barge, that you would not have kept the Endymion with
+you, especially as the Myrmidon would have rejoined you, by the
+arrangements I sent down by the Phoebe for Sir John Sinclair to take
+her place off the Mamusson; therefore, I trust that my last order to
+Captain Hope will not have deprived you of his assistance, but hope it
+may have put him in a better situation than before. The Liffey is
+seventy or eighty miles west from Bourdeaux, and the Pactolus, after
+landing some person in the Gironde, goes off Cape Finisterre, where
+the Swiftsure is also gone; and many ships are looking out in the
+Channel and about the latitude of Ushant.
+
+"Buonaparte is certainly not yet gone; I presume he would naturally
+await the answer from our Government, which only left London on the
+1st; my own opinion is, that he will either go with a force that will
+afford him some kind of security, or in a merchant vessel to avoid
+suspicion.
+
+"The orders from the Admiralty, received last evening, are, that the
+ships which are looking out for him, should remain on that service
+_till further orders, or till they know he is taken_, and not regard
+the time of ten days or a fortnight, which they first named: therefore
+you will govern yourself by that, and keep any ship you have with you
+till one of those events occurs, without attending to the ten days I
+specified in my letter to you by the Opossum yesterday, and make the
+same known to any ship you may communicate with. The information you
+sent me, which had been transmitted to you from Bourdeaux, is now
+proved to have been erroneous, by our knowing that Buonaparte was at
+Paris as late as the 30th of June, and that paper must have been
+written on the 29th, as you received it on the 30th. The Eridanus will
+not rejoin you; she has been stationed, by Lord Keith, off Brest.
+
+"Let me know by the return of the chasse-mar�e, particularly, what
+ships you have with you, and where the other ships are, as far as you
+know, and what position you keep in. If you had ships enough to guard
+Basque Roads, and the Channel between Isle d'Oleron and the long sand
+(where a frigate may pass), you would be sure of keeping them in, by
+anchoring; but that would afford you little chance of taking
+Buonaparte, which is the thing to be desired; therefore I think you
+would be better off the light-house, where I dare say you keep
+yourself; and on that particular subject I do not think it necessary
+to give you any instructions, as I depend on your using the best means
+that can be adopted to intercept the fugitive; on whose captivity the
+repose of Europe appears to depend. If he should be taken, he is to be
+brought to me in this bay, as I have orders for his disposal; he is to
+be removed from the ship in which he may be found, to one of his
+Majesty's ships."
+
+Nothing of consequence occurred on the 9th; but on the 10th of July,
+at daylight, the officer of the watch informed me that a small
+schooner was standing out from the French squadron towards the ship:
+upon which I ordered everything to be ready for making sail in chace,
+supposing she might be sent for the purpose of reconnoitring. On
+approaching, she hoisted a flag of truce, and joined us at seven A.M.
+She proved to be the Mouche, tender to the ships of war at Isle d'Aix,
+and had on board, General Savary Duc de Rovigo, and Count Las Cases,
+chamberlain to Buonaparte, charged with a letter from Count Bertrand
+(Grand Mar�chal de Palais) addressed to the Admiral commanding the
+British Cruisers before the port of Rochefort.
+
+Soon after the Mouche arrived, I was joined by the Falmouth, bringing
+me a letter and secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham, some extracts
+from which I shall insert for the better understanding what follows,
+previous to entering into what passed with Buonaparte's attendants.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon; not dated, but
+must have been written on the 8th of July, 1815.
+
+
+"I sent a chasse-mar�e to you yesterday with a letter, and you will
+now receive by the Falmouth, officially, the orders which I therein
+made you acquainted with.
+
+"I send you four late and very interesting French papers, by which you
+will see all that has been done and said on the subject of providing
+for Buonaparte's escape from France: you will see that the Minister of
+the Marine had been directed to prepare ships of war for that purpose;
+that they were placed at Buonaparte's disposal; and that two frigates
+in particular had been provided for him: also that it was announced to
+the two Chambers, that he left Paris at four o'clock on the 29th;
+likewise that it was believed in Paris, he had taken the road by
+Orleans to Rochefort; and I have no doubt that the two frigates at
+Isle d'Aix are intended for him, and I hope you will think so too, and
+I am sure you will use your utmost endeavours to intercept him. I am
+sorry I have not a frigate to send you; I have literally none but the
+Endymion under my orders. Captain Paterson is off Brest, by Lord
+Keith's order; and the Phoebe is also ordered to that station, when
+the Hebrus arrives off the Gironde.
+
+"The attention at home appears to be paid chiefly to the ports in the
+Channel, but I have received no additional means whatever to guard
+those of the Bay. I have long been expecting a frigate from the Irish
+station, but none has yet appeared; and I have written to Lord Keith
+for two frigates; but they cannot join me in time, I fear."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated H.M.S.
+Superb, Quiberon Bay, 8th July, 1815.
+
+
+"The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having every reason to
+believe that Napoleon Buonaparte meditates his escape, with his
+family, from France to America, you are hereby required and directed,
+in pursuance of orders from their Lordships, signified to me by
+Admiral the Right Honourable Viscount Keith, to keep the most vigilant
+look-out for the purpose of intercepting him; and to make the
+strictest search of any vessel you may fall in with; and if you should
+be so fortunate as to intercept him, you are to transfer him and his
+family to the ship you command, and there keeping him in careful
+custody, return to the nearest port in England (going into Torbay in
+preference to Plymouth) with all possible expedition; and on your
+arrival you are not to permit any communication whatever with the
+shore, except as herein after directed; and you will be held
+responsible for keeping the whole transaction a profound secret, until
+you receive their Lordships' further orders.
+
+"In case you should arrive at a port where there is a flag-officer,
+you are to send to acquaint him with the circumstances, strictly
+charging the officer sent on shore with your letter, not to divulge
+its contents: and if there should be no flag-officer at the port where
+you arrive, you are to send one letter express to the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, and another to Admiral Lord Keith, with strict injunctions
+of secrecy to each officer who may be the bearer of them."
+
+Messrs Savary and Las Cases, who came on board, from the Schooner
+above mentioned, at seven o'clock on the 10th of July, presented the
+following letter to me:--
+
+
+                                                  "Le 9 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur l'Amiral,
+
+"L'Empereur Napol�on ayant abdiqu� le pouvoir, et choisi les �tats
+Unis d'Am�rique pour s'y r�fugier, s'est embarqu� sur les deux
+fr�gates qui sont dans cette rade, pour se rendre � sa destination. Il
+attend le sauf conduit du Gouvernement Anglais, qu'on lui a annonc�,
+et qui me porte � exp�dier le pr�sent parlementaire, pour vous
+demander, Mons. l'Amiral, si vous avez connoissance du dit sauf
+conduit; ou si vous pensez qu'il soit dans l'intention du Gouvernement
+Anglais de se mettre de l'emp�chement � notre voyage aux �tats Unis.
+Je vous serai extr�mement oblig� de me donner l�-dessus les
+renseignemens que vous pouvez avoir.
+
+"Je charge les porteurs de la pr�sente lettre de vous faire agr�er
+mes remerc�mens et mes excuses, pour la peine qu'elle a pu vous
+donner.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,
+        Monsieur l'Amiral,
+              de Votre Excellence, &c. &c.
+                                     Le Grand Mar�chal Cte. BERTRAND."
+
+"� Monsieur l'Amiral commandant les Croisi�res avant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"The Emperor Napoleon having abdicated the throne of France, and
+chosen the United States of America as a retreat, is, with his suite,
+at present embarked on board the two frigates which are in this port,
+for the purpose of proceeding to his destination. He expects a
+passport from the British Government, which has been promised to him,
+and which induces me to send the present flag of truce, to demand of
+you, Sir, if you have any knowledge of the above-mentioned passport,
+or if you think it is the intention of the British Government to throw
+any impediment in the way of our voyage to the United States. I shall
+feel much obliged by your giving me any information you may possess on
+the subject.
+
+"I have directed the bearers of this letter to present to you my
+thanks, and to apologise for the trouble it may cause.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+       Your Excellency's most obedient, &c. &c.
+                                        Grand Marshal Count BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Admiral commanding the Squadron before Rochefort."
+
+
+The bearers of the letter had instructions to demand of me, whether I
+would prevent Buonaparte from proceeding in a neutral vessel, provided
+I could not permit the frigates to pass with him on board. Having
+received, in my orders, the strictest injunctions to secrecy, and
+feeling that the force on the coast, at my disposal, was insufficient
+to guard the different ports and passages from which an escape might
+be effected, particularly should the plan be adopted of putting to sea
+in a small vessel; I wrote the following reply to the above
+communication; hoping, by that means, to induce Napoleon to remain for
+the Admiral's answer, which would give time for the arrival of
+reinforcements.
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                       off Rochefort, July 10th, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday's date,
+addressed to the Admiral commanding the English cruisers before
+Rochefort, acquainting me that the Emperor, having abdicated the
+throne of France, and chosen the United States of America as an
+asylum, is now embarked on board the frigates, to proceed for that
+destination, and awaits a passport from the English Government; and
+requesting to know if I have any knowledge of such passport; or if I
+think it is the intention of the English Government to prevent the
+Emperor's voyage.
+
+"In reply, I have to acquaint you, that I cannot say what the
+intentions of my Government may be; but, the two countries being at
+present in a state of war, it is impossible for me to permit any ship
+of war to put to sea from the port of Rochefort.
+
+"As to the proposal made by the Duc de Rovigo and Count Las Cases, of
+allowing the Emperor to proceed in a merchant vessel; it is out of my
+power,--without the sanction of my commanding officer, Sir Henry
+Hotham, who is at present in Quiberon Bay, and to whom I have
+forwarded your despatch,--to allow any vessel, under whatever flag
+she may be, to pass with a personage of such consequence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                  Sir,
+          Your very humble servant,
+                  FRED. L. MAITLAND,
+          Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+"Le Grand Mar�chal Comte Bertrand."
+
+
+The Duke of Rovigo and Count Las Cases remained on board between two
+and three hours, during which time I had a great deal of conversation
+with them, on the state of affairs in France; in which they did all
+they could to impress me with the idea that Buonaparte was not reduced
+to the necessity of quitting Europe; but that, in doing so, he was
+actuated solely by motives of humanity; being unwilling, they said,
+that any further effusion of blood should take place on his account.
+They declared also, that his party was still very formidable in the
+centre and south of France, and that, if he choose to protract the
+war, he might still give a great deal of trouble; and that, although
+his ultimate success might not be probable, there was still a
+possibility of fortune turning in his favour, and therefore they
+argued it was the interest of England to allow him to proceed to
+America. To all this I could give little or no reply, being quite
+ignorant of what had occurred in France, further than the decisive
+victory obtained by the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. During the
+time the Frenchmen were with me, I received some French newspapers
+from Sir Henry Hotham; but my time was so fully occupied in writing to
+him, and in discussions with my visitors, that it was not in my power
+to read them: I therefore drew them back to the subject that had
+occasioned their visit, and said, "Supposing the British Government
+should be induced to grant a passport for Buonaparte's going to
+America, what pledge could he give that he would not return, and put
+England, as well as all Europe, to the same expense of blood and
+treasure that has just been incurred?"
+
+General Savary made the following reply: "When the Emperor first
+abdicated the throne of France, his removal was brought about by a
+faction, at the head of which was Talleyrand, and the sense of the
+nation was not consulted: but in the present instance he has
+voluntarily resigned the power. The influence he once had over the
+French people is past; a very considerable change has taken place in
+their sentiments towards him, since he went to Elba; and he could
+never regain the power he had over their minds: therefore he would
+prefer retiring into obscurity, where he might end his days in peace
+and tranquillity; and were he solicited to ascend the throne again, he
+would decline it."
+
+"If that is the case," I said, "why not ask an asylum in England?" He
+answered, "There are many reasons for his not wishing to reside in
+England: the climate is too damp and cold; it is too near France; he
+would be, as it were, in the centre of every change and revolution
+that might take place there, and would be subject to suspicion; he has
+been accustomed to consider the English as his most inveterate
+enemies, and they have been induced to look upon him as a monster,
+without one of the virtues of a human being."
+
+This conversation took place while I was writing my despatches to Sir
+Henry Hotham; and the Frenchmen were walking in the cabin, frequently
+interrupting me, to enforce their statement of Buonaparte's situation
+being by no means so desperate as might be supposed; from which I took
+the liberty of drawing a conclusion directly opposite to the one they
+were desirous of impressing on my mind.
+
+Captain Knight, of the Falmouth, who carried my despatches to the
+Admiral, was present during the whole of this conversation, but did
+not join in it. This was the first certain information I had received
+of Buonaparte's position since the battle of Waterloo.
+
+Tuesday, the 11th.--About noon, a small boat came off from the Island
+of Oleron, to where the ship was at anchor in Basque Roads, rowed by
+four men, in which sat two respectable-looking countrymen, who asked
+for the Captain; and upon my being pointed out to them, requested to
+speak with me in private. When shown into the cabin, where I went
+accompanied by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, they acquainted me,
+that a message had been sent from Isle d'Aix, early that morning, for
+a man who was considered the best pilot on the island for the Mamusson
+passage, being the only person that had ever taken a frigate through;
+that a large sum of money had been offered to him to pilot a vessel to
+sea from that passage, and that it certainly was Buonaparte's
+intention to escape from thence; either in the corvette, which had
+moved down some days before, or in a Danish brig, which was then lying
+at anchor near the entrance.
+
+On receiving this information, I immediately got under weigh, and
+though the flood-tide had just made in, beat the ships out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche before it was dark, when I sent the Myrmidon off
+the Mamusson, with orders to anchor close in with the entrance, when
+the weather would admit of it; while I remained with the Bellerophon
+and Slaney, which rejoined me that evening, under weigh between the
+light-houses.
+
+On the 12th of July, the Cyrus being seen in the offing, I ordered her
+by telegraph to take a position close in with the Baleine
+light-house, and to examine strictly every vessel that might attempt
+to put to sea from the Pertuis de Breton, as Buonaparte was on the
+spot, endeavouring to escape to America.
+
+The same evening, the white flag made its appearance for the first
+time on the towers of Rochelle; on seeing which, I felt it my duty to
+run into Basque Roads, accompanied by the Slaney; and having anchored,
+I hoisted the Bourbon colours at the main-top-gallant mast-head, and
+fired a royal salute. During the whole of this afternoon, however, two
+tri-coloured flags were kept flying in Rochelle; and before sunset all
+the white flags were struck, and every where replaced by those of
+Buonaparte.
+
+On the 13th of July, nothing of importance occurred, except the white
+flag being once more hoisted all over Rochelle, as well as on the
+Isle of Oleron, to the entire exclusion of the tri-coloured ensign. We
+could plainly perceive, that the frigates, from whom we were distant
+about three miles, were perfectly ready to put to sea, should an
+opportunity offer; having their sterns covered with vegetables, their
+top-gallant yards across, studding sail gear rove, and numerous boats
+passing between them and the island the whole day:--all indications,
+well known to professional men, of preparing for sea.
+
+The ships under my command were accordingly kept with slip buoys on
+their cables, and, as soon as it was dark, the top-sail and
+top-gallant yards were swayed to the mast-heads, the sails stopt with
+rope yarns, and every thing kept ready to make sail at a moment's
+warning. Guard-boats were also kept rowing all night, as near the
+frigates as they could venture, having signals established to show in
+the event of the enemy getting under sail.
+
+On the 14th of July, at daybreak, the officer of the watch informed
+me, that the Mouche was standing out from Isle d'Aix, bearing a flag
+of truce, which I ordered to be accepted. Here it is necessary to
+mention, that the British flag of truce, being a white flag at the
+fore-top-gallant mast-head, which was also hoisted as a matter of
+course when Buonaparte was received on board, has by some persons been
+construed into the Bourbon flag, and thence into an intentional insult
+to him. It never was my intention, nor do I believe it could have been
+that of any British officer, to treat with insult any fallen enemy,
+much less one who had shown such confidence as to throw himself on the
+protection of his former foe.
+
+When the schooner, the Mouche, reached the ship, Count Las Cases came
+on board, attended by General Count Lallemand. This meeting was highly
+interesting to me, as Lallemand had been a prisoner for three weeks in
+the Camelion under my command in Egypt, with Junot, whose Aid-de-Camp
+he then was; and General Savary, who accompanied Count Las Cases in
+his first visit to the Bellerophon, had lived nearly as long at Sir
+Sydney Smith's table with me, at the Turkish camp at El Arish, when
+the convention, which takes its name from that place, was under
+discussion, being Aid-de-Camp to General Dessaix, who negotiated on
+the part of the French.
+
+On their coming on board, I made the signal for the Captain of the
+Slaney, being desirous of having a witness to any conversation that
+might pass, as our communications were chiefly verbal: he arrived
+while we were at breakfast.
+
+When Count Las Cases came on the quarter-deck, he informed me that he
+was sent off to learn whether I had received an answer from the
+Admiral to the letter he had brought off on the 10th instant. I told
+him that I had not, but, in consequence of the despatch which I had
+forwarded to him, I had not a doubt he would immediately repair here
+in person, and I was hourly in expectation of seeing him, adding, "If
+that was the only reason you had for sending off a flag of truce, it
+was quite unnecessary, as I informed you, when last here, that the
+Admiral's answer, when it arrived, should be forwarded to the frigates
+by one of the Bellerophon's boats; and I do not approve of frequent
+communications with an enemy by means of flags of truce." I then went
+into the cabin and ordered breakfast, to prevent further discussion
+until the arrival of Captain Sartorius.
+
+When breakfast was over, we retired to the after-cabin. Count Las
+Cases then said, "The Emperor is so anxious to spare the further
+effusion of human blood, that he will proceed to America in any way
+the British Government chooses to sanction, either in a French ship of
+war, a vessel armed _en flute_, a merchant vessel, or even in a
+British ship of war." To this I answered, "I have no authority to
+agree to any arrangement of that sort, nor do I believe my Government
+would consent to it; but I think I may venture to receive him into
+this ship, and convey him to England: if, however," I added, "he
+adopts that plan, I cannot enter into any promise, as to the reception
+he may meet with, as, even in the case I have mentioned, I shall be
+acting on my own responsibility, and cannot be sure that it would meet
+with the approbation of the British Government."
+
+There was a great deal of conversation on this subject, in the course
+of which Lucien Buonaparte's name was mentioned, and the manner in
+which he had lived in England alluded to; but I invariably assured Las
+Cases most explicitly, that I had no authority to make conditions of
+any sort, as to Napoleon's reception in England. In fact, I could not
+have done otherwise, since, with the exception of the order inserted
+at page 24, I had no instructions for my guidance, and was, of course,
+in total ignorance of the intention of His Majesty's ministers as to
+his future disposal. One of the last observations Las Cases made
+before quitting the ship was, "Under all circumstances, I have little
+doubt that you will see the Emperor on board the Bellerophon;" and, in
+fact, Buonaparte must have determined on that step before Las Cases
+came on board, as his letter to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent
+is dated the 13th of July, the day before this conversation.
+
+During the above-mentioned conversation, I asked Las Cases where
+Buonaparte then was? He replied, "At Rochefort; I left him there
+yesterday evening." General Lallemand then said, "The Emperor lives at
+the Hotel in the Grand Place, and is now so popular there, that the
+inhabitants assemble every evening in front of the house, for the
+purpose of seeing him, and crying, 'Vive l'Empereur!'"
+
+I then asked how long it would take to go there: Las Cases answered,
+"As the tide will be against us, it will require five or six hours."
+Why these false statements were made, I cannot pretend to say; but it
+is very certain that Buonaparte never quitted the frigates or Isle
+d'Aix, after his arrival there on the 3rd of July.
+
+General Lallemand took occasion to ask me if I thought there would be
+any risk of the people, who might accompany Buonaparte, being given
+up to the Government of France: I replied, "Certainly not; the British
+Government never could think of doing so, under the circumstances
+contemplated in the present arrangement."
+
+They left me about half-past nine A.M. In the course of the day, I was
+joined by the Myrmidon, Captain Gambier, who had been sent to me by
+Captain Green, of the Daphne, with a letter he had received from
+Captain Aylmer, of the Pactolus, in the Gironde, bringing information
+that it was the intention of Buonaparte to escape from Rochefort in a
+Danish sloop, concealed in a cask stowed in the ballast, with tubes so
+constructed as to convey air for his breathing. I afterwards inquired
+of General Savary, if there had been any foundation for such a report;
+when he informed me that the plan had been thought of, and the vessel
+in some measure prepared; but it was considered too hazardous; for had
+we detained the vessel for a day or two, he would have been obliged
+to make his situation known, and thereby forfeited all claims to the
+good treatment he hoped to ensure by a voluntary surrender.
+
+The two Captains dined with me, and afterwards went on board the
+Myrmidon, to take up a position to the north-east of the Bellerophon,
+to prevent vessels from passing close in shore, and thus to render the
+blockade of the port more complete.
+
+Soon after they left me, a barge was perceived rowing off from the
+frigates towards the Bellerophon with a flag-of-truce up; on which I
+recalled Captains Sartorius and Gambier, by signal, that they might be
+present at any communication that was to be made. The boat got
+alongside about seven P.M. and brought Count Las Cases, accompanied by
+General Baron Gourgaud, one of Buonaparte's Aid-de-Camps. On their
+coming on deck, I immediately addressed Las Cases, saying, "It is
+impossible you could have been at Rochefort, and returned, since you
+left me this morning." He replied, "No; it was not necessary; I found
+the Emperor at Isle d'Aix, on my arrival there." He then told me, he
+was charged with a letter from General Bertrand. We walked into the
+cabin, when he delivered it to me; it was as follows:--
+
+
+                                                 "Le 14 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur le Commandant,
+
+"Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases a rendu compte � l'Empereur de la
+conversation qu'il a eue ce matin � votre bord. S. M. se rendra � la
+mar�e de demain, vers quatre ou cinq heures du matin, � bord de votre
+vaisseau. Je vous envoye Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases, Conseiller
+d'�tat, faisant fonction de Mar�chal de Logis, avec la liste des
+personnes composant la suite de S. M. Si l'Amiral, en cons�quence de
+la demande que vous lui avez adress�e, vous envoye le sauf conduit
+demand� pour les �tats Unis, S. M. s'y rendra avec plaisir; mais au
+d�faut du sauf conduit, il se rendra volontiers en Angleterre, comme
+simple particulier, pour y jouir de la protection des loix de votre
+pays.
+
+"S. M. a exp�di� Monsieur le Mar�chal de Camp Baron Gourgaud aupr�s du
+Prince R�gent, avec une lettre, dont j'ai l'honneur de vous envoyer
+copie, vous priant de la faire passer au Ministre auquel vous croyez
+n�cessaire d'envoyer cet officier g�n�ral, afin qu'il ait l'honneur de
+remettre au Prince R�gent la lettre dont il est charg�.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,
+        Monsieur le Commandant,
+            Votre tr�s humble et tr�s ob�issant Serviteur,
+                                      Le Grand Mar�chal,
+                                                      COMTE BERTRAND."
+
+"� Monsieur le Commandant des Croisi�res devant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases has reported to the Emperor the conversation which he
+had with you this morning. His Majesty will proceed on board your ship
+with the ebb tide to-morrow morning, between four and five o'clock.
+
+"I send the Count Las Cases, Counsellor of State, doing the duty of
+Mar�chal de Logis, with the list of persons composing His Majesty's
+suite.
+
+"If the Admiral, in consequence of the despatch you forwarded to him,
+should send the passport for the United States therein demanded, His
+Majesty will be happy to repair to America; but should the passport be
+withheld, he will willingly proceed to England, as a private
+individual, there to enjoy the protection of the laws of your
+country.
+
+"His Majesty has despatched Major General Baron Gourgaud to the Prince
+Regent with a letter, a copy of which I have the honour to enclose,
+requesting that you will forward it to such one of the ministers as
+you may think it necessary to send that general officer, that he may
+have the honour of delivering the letter with which he is charged to
+the Prince Regent.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        Sir,
+                          Your very humble servant,
+                                                      COUNT BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Officer commanding the Cruizers off Rochefort."
+
+
+_List of persons composing the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte, enclosed
+in the above Letter, and the manner in which they were distributed
+during the passage to England._
+
+
+BELLEROPHON.
+
+_G�n�raux._
+
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Comte Bertrand, Gd. Mar�chal.
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Duc de Rovigo.
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Baron Lallemand Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Mar�chal de Camp Comte de Montholon Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases Conseiller d'�tat.
+
+_Dames._
+
+  Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Enfans._
+
+  3 Enfans de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Enfant de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  M. de Planat, Lieutenant-Colonel.
+  M. Maingaut, Chirurgien de S. M.
+  M. Las Cases, Page.
+
+_Service de la Chambre._
+
+  M. M. Marchand               1 Valet de Chambre.
+  Gilli                        Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis                     Valet de Chambre.
+  Novarra                      Idem.
+  Denis                        Gar�on de Garderobe.
+
+_Livr�e._
+
+  Archambaud                   1 Valet de pied.
+  Gaudron                      Valet de pied.
+  Gentilini                    Id.
+
+_Service de la Bouche._
+
+  M. M. Fontain                1 Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Pi�ron                       Chef d'Office.
+  La Fosse                     Cuisinier.
+  Le Page                      Idem.
+
+  2 Femmes de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Femme de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M._
+
+  1 Valet de Chambre           du Duc de Rovigo.
+  1 do.                        du Comte Bertrand.
+  1 do.                        du Comte de Montholon.
+  1 Valet de pied              du Comte Bertrand.
+      Total 7.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  G�n�raux                                     5
+  Dames                                        2
+  Enfans                                       4
+  Officiers                                    3
+  Service de la Chambre de S. M.               5
+  Livr�e de S. M.                              3
+  Service de la Bouche                         4
+  Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M.   7
+                                              --
+  Total                                       33
+                                              --
+
+
+LA CORVETTE.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Resigni.
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Schultz.
+  Le Capitaine                 Autrie.
+  Le Capitaine                 Mesener.
+  Le Capitaine                 Prontowski.
+  Le Lieutenant                Rivi�re.
+  Le Sous Lieutenant           Ste Catherine.
+
+_Suite de S. M._
+
+  Capriani                     Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Santini                      Huissier.
+  Chauvin                      Id.
+  Rousseau                     Lampiste.
+  Archambaud                   Valet de pied.
+  Joseph                       Id.
+  Le Charron                   Id.
+  Lisiaux                      Garde d'Office.
+  Ortini                       Valet de pied.
+  Fumeau                       Idem.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  Officiers                                    7
+  Suite                                       10
+                                              --
+  Total                                       17
+                                              --
+
+
+Enclosed was likewise a copy of the well-known letter addressed by
+Buonaparte to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent.
+
+"Altesse Royale,
+
+"En butte aux factions qui divisent mon pays et � l'inimiti� des plus
+grandes puissances de l'Europe, j'ai termin� ma carri�re politique, et
+je viens comme Th�mistocle m'asseoir sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Je me mets sous la protection de ses loix, que je r�clame
+de votre Altesse Royale, comme au plus puissant, au plus constant, et
+au plus g�n�reux de mes Ennemis."
+
+  "Rochefort, 13 Juillet, 1815,
+                                                    "Sign�, NAPOL�ON."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+                                          "Rochefort, July 13th, 1815.
+
+"Your Royal Highness,
+
+"A victim to the factions which distract my country, and to the enmity
+of the greatest powers of Europe, I have terminated my political
+career, and I come, like Themistocles, to throw myself upon the
+hospitality of the British people. I put myself under the protection
+of their laws; which I claim from your Royal Highness, as the most
+powerful, the most constant, and the most generous of my enemies.
+
+                                                            NAPOLEON."
+
+
+On reading the above, I told Monsieur Las Cases that I would receive
+Buonaparte on board, and immediately forward General Gourgaud to
+England by the Slaney, along with my despatches to the Admiralty; but
+that he would not be allowed to land until permission was received
+from London, or the sanction of the Admiral at the port he might
+arrive at obtained. I assured him, however, that the copy of the
+letter with which he was charged would be forwarded without loss of
+time, and presented by the Ministers to his Royal Highness. Count Las
+Cases then asked for paper, that he might communicate by letter to
+Bertrand my acquiescence in the proposal he had brought, for my
+receiving, and conveying to England, Buonaparte and his suite.
+
+When General Gourgaud was about to write the letter, to prevent any
+future misunderstanding, I said, "Monsieur Las Cases, you will
+recollect that I am not authorised to stipulate as to the reception of
+Buonaparte in England, but that he must consider himself entirely at
+the disposal of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent." He answered, "I
+am perfectly aware of that, and have already acquainted the Emperor
+with what you said on the subject."
+
+It might, perhaps, have been better if this declaration had been given
+in an official written form; and could I have foreseen the discussions
+which afterwards took place, and which will appear in the sequel, I
+undoubtedly should have done so; but as I repeatedly made it in the
+presence of witnesses, it did not occur to me as being necessary; and
+how could a stronger proof be adduced, that no stipulations were
+agreed to respecting the reception of Buonaparte in England, than the
+fact of their not being reduced to writing? which certainly would have
+been the case had any favourable terms been demanded on the part of
+Monsieur Las Cases, and agreed to by me.
+
+The French boat was soon after despatched with the letter to Bertrand,
+in charge of a French naval officer, who had attended Las Cases on
+board; and as soon as I had finished the following despatch to the
+Secretary of the Admiralty, I sent Captain Sartorius, of the Slaney,
+to England, accompanied by General Gourgaud.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of His Majesty's ship
+Bellerophon, addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, dated in
+Basque Roads, 14th July, 1815.
+
+
+"For the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I
+have to acquaint you that the Count Las Cases and General Lallemand
+this day came on board His Majesty's ship under my command, with a
+proposal from Count Bertrand for me to receive on board Napoleon
+Buonaparte, for the purpose of throwing himself on the generosity of
+the Prince Regent. Conceiving myself authorised by their Lordships'
+secret order, I have acceded to the proposal, and he is to embark on
+board this ship to-morrow morning. That no misunderstanding might
+arise, I have explicitly and clearly explained to Count Las Cases,
+that I have no authority whatever for granting terms of any sort, but
+that all I can do is to carry him and his suite to England, to be
+received in such manner as his Royal Highness may deem expedient.
+
+"At Napoleon Buonaparte's request, and that their Lordships may be in
+possession of the transaction at as early a period as possible, I
+despatch the Slaney (with General Gourgaud, his Aide de Camp),
+directing Captain Sartorius to put into the nearest port, and forward
+this letter by his first Lieutenant, and shall in compliance with
+their Lordships' orders proceed to Torbay, to await such directions as
+the Admiralty may think proper to give.
+
+"Enclosed, I transmit a copy of the letter with which General
+Gourgaud is charged, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and
+request that you will acquaint their Lordships, that the General
+informs me, he is entrusted with further particulars, which he is
+anxious to communicate to his Royal Highness."
+
+When these gentlemen had left the ship, as well as the Saale's barge,
+I said to Monsieur Las Cases, I propose dividing the after-cabin in
+two, that the ladies may have the use of one part of it. "If you allow
+me to give an opinion," said he, "the Emperor will be better pleased
+to have the whole of the after-cabin to himself, as he is fond of
+walking about, and will by that means be able to take more exercise."
+I answered, "As it is my wish to treat him with every possible
+consideration while he is on board the ship I command, I shall make
+any arrangement you think will be most agreeable to him."
+
+This is the only conversation that ever passed on the subject of the
+cabin; and I am the more particular in stating it, as Buonaparte has
+been described, in some of the public Journals, as having taken
+possession of it in a most brutal way, saying, "Tout ou rien pour
+moi:"--All or nothing for me. I here therefore, once for all, beg to
+state most distinctly, that, from the time of his coming on board my
+ship, to the period of his quitting her, his conduct was invariably
+that of a gentleman; and in no one instance do I recollect him to have
+made use of a rude expression, or to have been guilty of any kind of
+ill-breeding.
+
+As the ship had for some time been kept clear for action, with all the
+bulkheads down, it became necessary to prepare for the reception of so
+many guests, by putting the cabins up again: in consequence of making
+the requisite arrangements, it was past one o'clock in the morning
+before I could get to bed. About ten at night, the officer of the
+watch informed me that a boat from the shore had asked permission to
+come alongside. A man being allowed to come on board from her; "I am
+sent off from Rochelle," said he, "to inform you that Buonaparte this
+morning passed that town in a chasse-mar�e, with another in company,
+for the purpose of escaping to sea by the Pertuis de Breton: he is now
+in that passage, and means to set sail this night." I told him, "that
+I doubted his information, having at that moment one of his attendants
+on board, who had come with a proposal for me to receive him into the
+ship." I then asked him how he came by his intelligence? He answered,
+"The vessels passed close to a boat that I was in; and I saw a man
+wrapt up in a sailor's great coat, whom one of the people with me
+asserted to be him: for my part, I am not acquainted with his
+appearance, never having seen him; but when the owner of the vessels
+attempted to go on board of them, he was kept off, and told that they
+were required for two or three days, when they would be restored with
+ample payment." He told his story so circumstantially, and with such
+confidence, that I feared there must be grounds for what he stated;
+and the anxiety of my situation may be easily conceived, when it is
+recollected that I had sent off a ship to England with despatches,
+announcing the intention of Buonaparte to embark the following morning
+in the Bellerophon. After a little consideration, I determined to
+inform Las Cases abruptly of the intelligence I had received, and
+endeavour to judge by the effect it had on his countenance, whether
+there was any truth in the report or not. I accordingly went into the
+cabin and did so; he seemed perfectly calm and collected, saying,
+"Pray at what hour does your informant state the Emperor to have
+passed Rochelle?" "At ten A.M." "Then I can safely assert, on my
+honour, that he was not in either of those vessels. I left him at
+half-past five this evening, when it was his full intention to come on
+board this ship to-morrow morning; what he may have done since that
+hour, I cannot be responsible for." I answered, "As you give your word
+of honour that Buonaparte had not left Isle d'Aix when you quitted it,
+I shall trust to what you say, and take no steps in consequence of the
+information that has been brought to me, but conclude it has
+originated in some mistake."
+
+About three in the morning, the officer of the watch awoke me, and
+said that another boat wished to come alongside. I rose and went upon
+deck immediately, and found that she brought the same intelligence
+from another quarter; and they both eventually proved correct, to a
+certain extent: for two chasse-mar�es, as I was afterwards informed,
+had been prepared, manned, and officered from the frigates, to be used
+as a last resource to attempt an escape in, in the event of Las
+Cases' mission to the Bellerophon not being successful; and they had
+actually passed Rochelle, in their way to Pointeau d'Aguillon, at the
+hour specified, and were there to await his joining them should it
+prove necessary.[3]
+
+         [Footnote 3: Chasse-Mar�es are small decked vessels, rigged
+         as luggers; they are generally from twenty to thirty-five
+         tons burthen, and are used almost exclusively for the
+         coasting trade of France. Though there is no doubt that,
+         during the summer months, a vessel of this description might
+         succeed in making the voyage to America; yet if we take into
+         consideration the indolent habits that Buonaparte had of late
+         years given way to; the very small space for the
+         accommodation of himself and suite, and for the stowage of
+         provisions, water, and other necessaries; that there was no
+         friendly port he could have touched at, to gain
+         supplies;--the utter impracticability of his reaching his
+         destination in a vessel of that description, even if he had
+         eluded the vigilance of our cruisers, will at once be evident
+         to every one.]
+
+After I had determined to abide by Las Cases' assurance, that
+Buonaparte had not quitted Isle d'Aix, I enquired of the person who
+brought off the information in the evening, "What was the state of
+Rochelle, and whether I might with safety send a boat there to
+purchase refreshments?" as the white flag was then hoisted all over
+the town; he said, "he would not recommend it, as, though the
+towns-people were well inclined towards the Bourbon family, the
+garrison, consisting of four thousand men, were all attached to
+Buonaparte; but if he were once on board the ship, there would be no
+risk in doing so, as their fear of his meeting with bad treatment
+would keep the soldiers in awe."
+
+At break of day, on the 15th of July, 1815, l'�pervier French brig of
+war was discovered under sail, standing out towards the ship, with a
+flag of truce up; and at the same time the Superb, bearing Sir Henry
+Hotham's flag, was seen in the offing. By half-past five the ebb-tide
+failed, the wind was blowing right in, and the brig, which was within
+a mile of us, made no further progress; while the Superb was
+advancing with the wind and tide in her favour. Thus situated, and
+being most anxious to terminate the affair I had brought so near a
+conclusion, previous to the Admiral's arrival, I sent off Mr Mott, the
+First Lieutenant, in the barge, who returned soon after six o'clock,
+bringing Napoleon with him.
+
+On coming on board the Bellerophon, he was received without any of the
+honours generally paid to persons of high rank; the guard was drawn
+out on the break of the poop, but did not present arms. His Majesty's
+Government had merely given directions, in the event of his being
+captured, for his being removed into any one of his Majesty's ships
+that might fall in with him; but no instructions had been given as to
+the light in which he was to be viewed. As it is not customary,
+however, on board a British ship of war, to pay any such honours
+before the colours are hoisted at eight o'clock in the morning, or
+after sunset, I made the early hour an excuse for withholding them
+upon this occasion.
+
+Buonaparte's dress was an olive-coloured great coat over a green
+uniform, with scarlet cape and cuffs, green lapels turned back and
+edged with scarlet, skirts hooked back with bugle horns embroidered in
+gold, plain sugar-loaf buttons and gold epaulettes; being the uniform
+of the Chasseur � Cheval of the Imperial Guard. He wore the star, or
+grand cross of the Legion of Honour, and the small cross of that
+order; the Iron Crown; and the Union, appended to the button-hole of
+his left lapel. He had on a small cocked hat, with a tri-coloured
+cockade; plain gold-hilted sword, military boots, and white waistcoat
+and breeches. The following day he appeared in shoes, with gold
+buckles, and silk stockings--the dress he always wore afterwards,
+while with me.
+
+On leaving the �pervier, he was cheered by her ship's company as long
+as the boat was within hearing; and Mr Mott informed me that most of
+the officers and men had tears in their eyes.
+
+General Bertrand came first up the ship's side, and said to me, "The
+Emperor is in the boat." He then ascended, and, when he came on the
+quarter-deck, pulled off his hat, and, addressing me in a firm tone of
+voice, said, "I am come to throw myself on the protection of your
+Prince and laws." When I showed him into the cabin, he looked round
+and said, "Une belle chambre," "This is a handsome cabin." I answered,
+"Such as it is, Sir, it is at your service while you remain on board
+the ship I command." He then looked at a portrait that was hanging
+up, and said, "Qui est cette jeune personne?" "Who is that young
+lady?" "My wife," I replied. "Ah! elle est tr�s jeune et tr�s jolie,"
+"Ah! she is both young and pretty."[4] He then asked what countrywoman
+she was, begged to know if I had any children, and put a number of
+questions respecting my country, and the service I had seen. He next
+requested I would send for the officers, and introduce them to him:
+which was done according to their rank. He asked several questions of
+each, as to the place of his birth, the situation he held in the ship,
+the length of time he had served, and the actions he had been in. He
+then expressed a desire to go round the ship; but, as the men had not
+done cleaning, I told him it was customary to clean the lower decks
+immediately after their breakfast, that they were then so employed,
+and, if he would defer visiting the ship until they had finished, he
+would see her to more advantage.
+
+         [Footnote 4: I have been induced to insert Buonaparte's
+         observation on Mrs M.'s portrait, as well as one he made on
+         seeing her alongside of the Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, as
+         they show, in a strong point of view, a peculiar trait in his
+         character; that of making a favourable impression on those
+         with whom he conversed, by seizing every opportunity of
+         saying what he considered would be pleasing and flattering to
+         their feelings.
+
+         [I have passed over the important and interesting passage
+         respecting Mrs M. I trust she will consent it should remain,
+         for I think everything connected with such a remarkable
+         passage of history becomes historical. Perhaps it will
+         somewhat change the view of the subject, and relieve Mrs M.'s
+         delicacy, if we consider it not as immediately applicable to
+         Mrs M. personally, but as a point illustrative of Bonaparte's
+         address. It was of importance to him to secure Capt.
+         Maitland's good opinion, and he took a delicate and ingenious
+         way of giving pleasure. I have always understood that there
+         could be only one opinion of the justice of the compliment,
+         yet I think the praise would have been bestowed even had the
+         portrait less charm. I do pray that Mrs M. will consent to be
+         _immortal_.--SCOTT.]]
+
+At this time I proposed to him to allow me to address him in English,
+as I had heard he understood that language, and I had considerable
+difficulty in expressing myself in French. He replied in French, "The
+thing is impossible; I hardly understand a word of your language:" and
+from the observations I had an opportunity of making afterwards, I am
+satisfied he made a correct statement, as, on looking into books or
+newspapers, he frequently asked the meaning of the most common word.
+He spoke his own language with a rapidity that at first made it
+difficult to follow him; and it was several days before I got so far
+accustomed to his manner of speaking, as to comprehend his meaning
+immediately.
+
+In about a quarter of an hour, he again intimated a desire to go round
+the ship; and although I told him he would find the men rubbing and
+scouring, he persisted in his wish of seeing her in the state she then
+was. He accordingly went over all her decks, asking me many questions;
+more particularly about any thing that appeared to him different from
+what he had been accustomed to see in French ships of war. He seemed
+most struck with the cleanliness and neatness of the men, saying "that
+our seamen were surely a different class of people from the French;
+and that he thought it was owing to them we were always victorious at
+sea." I answered, "I must beg leave to differ with you: I do not wish
+to take from the merit of our men; but my own opinion is, that perhaps
+we owe our advantage to the superior experience of the officers; and I
+believe the French seamen, if taken as much pains with, would look as
+well as ours. As British ships of war are constantly at sea, the
+officers have nothing to divert their attention from them and their
+men; and in consequence, not only is their appearance more attended
+to, but they are much better trained to the service they have to
+perform."
+
+"I believe you are right," said he. He then went on to talk of
+several naval actions; adding, "Your laws are either more severe, or
+better administered, than ours; there are many instances of French
+officers having conducted themselves ill in battle, without my being
+able to punish them as they deserved:" among others, he mentioned the
+names of two naval officers; and speaking of one of them, said, "He
+ought to have suffered death, and I did all I could to bring it about,
+but he was tried by a French naval court-martial, which only dismissed
+him the service." I observed, "The laws appear sometimes to be
+administered with more than sufficient severity. I commanded a frigate
+in the affair of Basque Roads; and in my opinion, the sentence of
+death on the Captain of the Calcutta was unjust: he could do no more
+to save his ship, and she was defended better and longer than any one
+there." He answered, "You are not aware of the circumstances that
+occasioned his condemnation; he was the first man to quit his ship,
+which was fought some time by her officers and crew after he had left
+her."
+
+He next said, "I can see no sufficient reason why your ships should
+beat the French with so much ease. The finest men of war in your
+service are French; a French ship is heavier in every respect than one
+of yours, she carries more guns, those guns of a larger calibre, and
+has a great many more men." I replied, "I have already accounted for
+it to you, in the superior experience of our men and officers." "I
+understand," said he, "from some Frenchmen who were on board your ship
+for several days,[5] that you take great pains in exercising your
+guns, and training your men to fire at a mark." I answered, "I did so,
+because I considered it of the greatest importance;" and I added,
+"that if the frigates had attempted to put to sea, he would probably
+have had an opportunity of seeing the effect of it." He asked me "if I
+thought two frigates, with four-and-twenty pounders on their main
+decks,[6] were a match for a seventy-four gun ship; and whether it was
+my opinion, if he had attempted to force a passage in the ships at
+Isle d'Aix, it would have been attended with success." I replied,
+"that the fire of a two-deck ship was so much more compact, and
+carried such an immense weight of iron, in proportion to that of a
+frigate, and there was so much difficulty in bringing two or three
+ships to act with effect at the same time upon one, that I scarcely
+considered three frigates a match for one line-of-battle ship;--that,
+with respect to forcing a passage past the Bellerophon, it must have
+depended greatly on accident, but the chances were much against it; as
+the frigates would have had to beat out against the wind for three or
+four leagues, though a narrow passage, exposed to the fire of a
+seventy-four gun ship, which, from being to windward, would have had
+the power of taking the position most advantageous for herself." He
+then said, reverting to what had passed before about firing at marks,
+"You have a great advantage over France in your finances: I have long
+wished to introduce the use of powder and shot in exercise; but the
+expense was too great for the country to bear." He examined the sights
+on the guns, and approved of them highly; asked the weight of metal on
+the different decks, disapproving of the mixture of different calibres
+on the quarter-deck and forecastle. I told him the long nines were
+placed in the way of the rigging, that they might carry the fire from
+the explosion clear of it, which a carronade would not do: he
+answered, "That may be necessary, but it must be attended with
+inconvenience." His enquiries were generally much to the purpose, and
+showed that he had given naval matters a good deal of consideration.
+
+         [Footnote 5: They were part of the officers and crew of the
+         �neas store-ship, mentioned as having been detained on the
+         18th of June, who were on board the Bellerophon about a week,
+         and were landed at Isle d'Aix, in a chasse-mar�e, a few days
+         before Buonaparte's arrival there.]
+
+         [Footnote 6: I was afterwards told, that one of the frigates,
+         at Isle d'Aix, had changed her eighteen pounders for
+         twenty-fours.]
+
+On seeing the additional supply of wads for each deck made up along
+with the shot-boxes, in the form of sophas, with neat canvass covers,
+he observed, "The French ships of war have all the preparations for
+action that you have, but they have not the way of combining
+appearance with utility."
+
+We had breakfast about nine o'clock, in the English style, consisting
+of tea, coffee, cold meat, &c. He did not eat much, or seem to relish
+it; and when, on enquiry, I found he was accustomed to have a hot meal
+in the morning, I immediately ordered my steward to allow his Ma�tre
+d'H�tel to give directions, that he might invariably be served in the
+manner he had been used to; and after that we always lived in the
+French fashion, as far as I could effect that object.
+
+During breakfast he asked many questions about English customs,
+saying, "I must now learn to conform myself to them, as I shall
+probably pass the remainder of my life in England."
+
+The Superb, as I before observed, had been seen in the offing early in
+the morning, and was now approaching with a light breeze: he asked two
+or three times how soon she would anchor, seemed very anxious to know
+whether the Admiral would approve of my having received him; and when
+I went to wait on Sir Henry Hotham, requested I would say he was
+desirous of seeing him.
+
+The Superb anchored about half-past ten, and I immediately went on
+board, and gave the Admiral an account of all that had occurred,
+adding, "I trust I have done right, and that the Government will
+approve of my conduct, as I considered it of much importance to
+prevent Buonaparte's escape to America, and to get possession of his
+person." Sir Henry Hotham said, "Getting hold of him on any terms
+would have been of the greatest consequence; but as you have entered
+into no conditions whatever, there cannot be a doubt that you will
+obtain the approbation of his Majesty's Government."
+
+He then said, "How do you feel as to keeping him? would you like to
+part with him?" "Certainly not," was my answer: "as I have had all the
+anxiety and responsibility of conducting this matter to an issue, I am
+of course desirous of taking him to England; but, as I do not wish to
+keep him, or any man, in my ship against his will, if he desires to
+remove into another, I shall certainly not object."
+
+I then delivered Buonaparte's message, that he was desirous of
+receiving a visit from the Admiral, who said he would wait upon him
+with much pleasure.
+
+I soon after returned to the Bellerophon, and told Buonaparte that the
+Admiral meant to wait on him; upon which he desired Count Bertrand to
+go and pay his respects to Sir Henry. I accompanied him, and while the
+Admiral was preparing for his visit, Captain Senhouse attended General
+Bertrand through the ship.
+
+In the afternoon, Sir Henry Hotham, accompanied by Captain Senhouse,
+and Mr Irving, his secretary, came on board the Bellerophon. They were
+introduced to Buonaparte by General Bertrand, in the after-cabin,
+where he had a good deal of conversation with them: he showed his
+portable library, which was laid out in small travelling cases round
+the cabin; asked various questions, principally relative to the
+discipline and regulation of our ships of war, and finally invited
+them all to remain to dinner.
+
+Dinner was served about five o'clock upon Buonaparte's plate. This was
+arranged by his Ma�tre d'H�tel, whom I had told to regulate every
+thing in the manner most likely to be agreeable to his master.
+
+When dinner was announced, Buonaparte, viewing himself as a Royal
+personage, which he continued to do while on board the Bellerophon,
+and which, under the circumstances, I considered it would have been
+both ungracious and uncalled for in me to have disputed, led the way
+into the dining-room. He seated himself in the centre at one side of
+the table, requesting Sir Henry Hotham to sit at his right hand, and
+Madame Bertrand on his left. For that day I sat as usual at the head
+of the table, but on the following day, and every other, whilst
+Buonaparte remained on board, I sat by his request at his right hand,
+and General Bertrand took the top. Two of the ward-room officers dined
+daily at the table, by invitation from Buonaparte, conveyed through
+Count Bertrand.
+
+He conversed a great deal, and showed no depression of spirits: among
+other things, he asked me where I was born. I told him, in Scotland.
+"Have you any property there?" said he. "No, I am a younger brother,
+and they do not bestow much on people of that description in
+Scotland." "Is your elder brother a Lord?" "No, Lord Lauderdale is the
+head of our family." "Ah! you are a relation of Lord Lauderdale's! he
+is an acquaintance of mine, he was sent Ambassador from your King to
+me, when Mr Fox was Prime Minister: had Mr Fox lived, it never would
+have come to this, but his death put an end to all hopes of peace.
+Milord Lauderdale est un bon gar�on;" adding, "I think you resemble
+him a little, though he is dark and you are fair."[7]
+
+         [Footnote 7: [It was an odd idea that you should be like Lord
+         Lauderdale.--SCOTT.]]
+
+When dinner was over, a cup of strong coffee was handed round; he then
+rose and went into the after-cabin, asking the Admiral and all the
+party to accompany him, the ladies among the rest. This was the only
+time I ever saw them in the apartment in which he slept.
+
+After some conversation, he said, in a cheerful and playful way, that
+he would show us his camp bed; and sent for Marchand, his premier
+valet de chambre, who received his order, and soon returned with two
+small packages in leather cases; one of which contained the bedstead,
+which was composed of steel, and, when packed up, was not above two
+feet long and eighteen inches in circumference; the other contained
+the mattress and curtains, the latter of green silk. In three minutes
+the whole was put together, and formed a very elegant small bed, about
+thirty inches wide.
+
+He then went out, and walked the quarter-deck for some time, and
+retired to his cabin about half-past seven o'clock. Soon after, when
+the Admiral was going to return to his ship, he proposed to Bertrand
+to take leave of him. He went into the cabin, but returned immediately
+with an apology, saying he was undressed, and going to bed.
+
+In the course of the afternoon, the Admiral invited Buonaparte, with
+the ladies and all his principal officers, to breakfast, the following
+day: which invitation was accepted, apparently, with much
+satisfaction.
+
+When I went on deck, early the next morning, (the 16th of July) I
+observed that the Superb had the tompions out of her guns, and the man
+ropes on her yards, as if for the purpose of saluting and manning
+ships; and as I had received Buonaparte without even the guard
+presenting arms, I felt that he might conceive I had intentionally
+treated him with disrespect. I therefore sent the officer of the watch
+with my compliments to Sir Henry Hotham, and begged to know if it was
+his intention to salute Buonaparte on his going on board, and to
+receive him with manned yards; and, if so, whether I was to do the
+same, on his quitting the Bellerophon. He sent for answer, that it was
+not his intention to salute, but he meant to man ship; that I was not
+to do so on his quitting the Bellerophon, but was at liberty to man
+yards on his return. I likewise received directions from the Admiral
+to hoist a signal, when the boat with his visitors was ready to leave
+the ship, that he might have time to make the necessary preparations.
+
+About ten A.M. the barge was manned, and a captain's guard turned out.
+When Buonaparte came on deck, he looked at the marines, who were
+generally fine-looking young men, with much satisfaction; went through
+their ranks, inspected their arms, and admired their appearance,
+saying to Bertrand, "How much might be done with a hundred thousand
+such soldiers as these." He asked which had been longest in the corps;
+went up and spoke to him. His questions were put in French, which I
+interpreted, as well as the man's answers. He enquired how many years
+he had served; on being told upwards of ten, he turned to me and said,
+"Is it not customary in your service, to give a man who has been in
+it so long some mark of distinction?" He was informed that the person
+in question had been a sergeant, but was reduced to the ranks for some
+misconduct. He then put the guard through part of their exercise,
+whilst I interpreted to the Captain of Marines, who did not understand
+French, the manoeuvres he wished to have performed. He made some
+remarks upon the difference of the charge with the bayonet between our
+troops and the French; and found fault with our method of fixing the
+bayonet to the musquet, as being more easy to twist off, if seized by
+an enemy when in the act of charging.
+
+On getting into the boat, he looked at the barge's crew, and said,
+"What a very fine set of men you have got!" He then turned to Las
+Cases, who had come on board the ship in plain clothes, but now
+appeared in a naval uniform, and said jocularly, "Comment, Las Cases,
+vous �tes militaire?" "What, Las Cases, are you a military man? I
+have never till now seen you in uniform." He answered, "Please your
+Majesty, before the revolution I was a lieutenant in the navy; and as
+I think an uniform carries more consideration with it in a foreign
+country, I have adopted it."
+
+His attention was now drawn to the men on the Superb's yards, as well
+as to the appearance of the ship, about which he made some
+observations, and asked several questions; among others, whether she
+was French or English; what her age was; the number of guns she
+carried, and the weight of metal on each deck.
+
+On going alongside, General Bertrand went up and announced to the
+Admiral, that the Emperor, for they always gave him that title, was in
+the boat. He then went up, and was received by Sir Henry Hotham on the
+quarter-deck, where a captain's guard was turned out to him. He was
+immediately shown into the cabin, and, after looking round him,
+requested to have the officers presented, which was done; when he
+asked nearly the same questions of each, that he had put to those of
+the Bellerophon the day before. He then expressed a wish to go through
+the ship; and did so, accompanied by several of his own suite, the
+Admiral, Captain Senhouse, and myself. The men were drawn up at
+divisions, and every thing was in the nicest order. He appeared much
+pleased with all he saw, and drew many comparisons between French and
+English ships of war. On going through the wings and storerooms, he
+said to General Savary, "Our ships have nothing of this sort:" who
+answered, "All the new ones, built at Antwerp, were constructed on
+this plan." When he returned to the quarter-deck, he questioned the
+Admiral and myself very minutely, about the clothing and victualling
+of the seamen. It was then, on being told that all that department
+was under the charge of the purser, he said in a facetious way, "Je
+crois que c'est quelquefois chez vous, comme chez nous, le commissaire
+est un peu coquin." "I believe it happens sometimes with you, as it
+does with us, that the purser is a little of a rogue." This was
+addressed to the Admiral and me, with whom he was conversing, and not
+to the people, as has been represented; nor was there a man that could
+have understood it, as it was spoken in French, and not within their
+hearing. He asked to see the Chaplain, put a few questions to him as
+to the number of Catholics and foreigners in the ship, and whether any
+of them spoke the French language. A Guernsey man was pointed out to
+him, but he had no conversation with him.
+
+He was then shown into the cabin, where breakfast was prepared: during
+which meal he talked a good deal, but ate little, the breakfast being
+served in the English manner. I observed, during the whole time of
+breakfast, that Colonel Planat, who was much attached to him, and of
+whom Buonaparte always expressed himself in terms of affection, had
+tears running down his cheeks, and seemed greatly distressed at the
+situation of his master. And, from the opportunities I afterwards had
+of observing this young man's character, I feel convinced he had a
+strong personal attachment to Buonaparte;--and this, indeed, as far as
+I could judge, was the case also with all his other attendants,
+without exception.
+
+On rising from the breakfast-table, the whole party went into the
+after-cabin, where a discussion took place about Buonaparte's horses
+and carriages, which had been left at Rochefort, and which he was
+desirous of having forwarded to England. I had formerly agreed, in the
+event of their arriving, to receive two carriages, and five or six
+horses, as many as the ship could conveniently stow; but as they had
+not come, the Admiral now consented to give a passport for a vessel to
+transport the whole of them, consisting of six carriages and
+forty-five horses: which was accordingly made out, and forwarded to
+Monsieur Philibert, the senior naval officer at Isle d'Aix, but I
+believe it was never acted upon.
+
+We all returned to the Bellerophon about noon, when the ships present
+manned their yards, the boat was immediately hoisted in, and the ship
+got under weigh, in pursuance of orders from the Admiral, of which the
+following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb, in
+Basque Roads, July 15th, 1815.
+
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to take the Myrmidon under your
+orders, and, putting on board her such persons composing a part of
+the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte as cannot be conveyed in the
+Bellerophon, you are to put to sea in H.M.S. under your command, in
+company with the Myrmidon, and make the best of your way with Napoleon
+Buonaparte and his suite to Torbay, and there landing the officer of
+the ship bearing my flag, whom I have charged with a despatch
+addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, as well as an officer of
+the ship you command, for the purpose of proceeding express to
+Plymouth with the despatch you will herewith receive, addressed to
+Admiral Lord Keith, and a copy of these instructions (which you will
+transmit to his Lordship,) await orders from the Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty, or his Lordship, for your further proceedings."
+
+During the time we were heaving the anchor up, and setting the sails,
+Buonaparte remained on the break of the poop; and was very
+inquisitive about what was going on. He observed, "Your method of
+performing this manoeuvre is quite different from the French;" and
+added, "What I admire most in your ship, is the extreme silence and
+orderly conduct of your men:--on board a French ship, every one calls
+and gives orders, and they gabble like so many geese." Previous to his
+quitting the Bellerophon he made the same remark, saying, "There has
+been less noise in this ship, where there are six hundred men, during
+the whole of the time I have been in her, than there was on board the
+�pervier, with only one hundred, in the passage from Isle d'Aix to
+Basque Roads."
+
+Soon after the ship was under weigh, the Mouche joined, with three or
+four sheep, a quantity of vegetables, and other refreshments,--a
+present from the French Commodore to Buonaparte. After receiving them
+on board, we made sail, accompanied by the Myrmidon, for England.
+
+In working out, we passed within about a cable's length of the Superb.
+He asked me if I considered that was near enough for a naval
+engagement: I answered, that half the distance, or even less, would
+suit much better; as it was a maxim in our navy, not to be further
+from our enemy than to give room for working the yards, and
+manoeuvring the ship.
+
+He remained upon deck all the time the ship was beating out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche. Having cleared the Chasseron shoal about six P.M.,
+dinner was served. He conversed a great deal at table, and seemed in
+very good spirits; told several anecdotes of himself; among others,
+one relating to Sir Sydney Smith. Knowing that I had served under that
+officer on the coast of Syria, he turned to me and said, "Did Sir
+Sydney Smith ever tell you the cause of his quarrel with me?" I
+answered he had not. "Then," said he, "I will.--When the French army
+was before St Jean d'Acre, he had a paper privately distributed among
+the officers and soldiers, tending to induce them to revolt and quit
+me; on which I issued a proclamation, denouncing the English
+commanding-officer as a madman, and prohibiting all intercourse with
+him. This nettled Sir Sydney so much, that he sent me a challenge to
+meet him in single combat on the beach at Caiffa. My reply was, that
+when Marlborough appeared for that purpose, I should be at his
+service; but I had other duties to fulfil besides fighting a duel with
+an English commodore." He pursued the subject of Syria, and said,
+patting me (who was sitting next him) on the head; "If it had not been
+for you English, I should have been Emperor of the East; but wherever
+there is water to float a ship, we are sure to find you in our way."
+
+During the 17th and 18th of July, the weather was very fine, and
+nothing of note occurred. Several strange vessels were seen, about
+which Buonaparte and his attendants were very inquisitive, in order, I
+presume, that they might judge whether they would probably have
+escaped or not, had they put to sea. The only ship of war fallen in
+with on those days was the Bacchus sloop, which I pointed out; and at
+the same time informed him, that we had several frigates cruising in
+this position, for the purpose of intercepting him, had he got past
+the ships stationed close in with the land. This, as it afterward
+appeared, was not the case: the Endymion having gone into the Gironde,
+the Liffey having sprung her bowsprit and returned to England, and the
+others, from various causes, having quitted the station; so that, had
+he passed the squadron off Rochefort, there can be little doubt he
+would have made his voyage in safety to America.
+
+About this time, Buonaparte amused himself by playing at cards after
+breakfast: the game was _vingt-un_, in which all the party joined,
+except myself. He proposed that I should play with them, but I told
+him I had no money, making it a rule to leave it all with my wife
+before I went to sea: on which he laughed, and good-humouredly offered
+to lend me some, and trust me until we arrived in England: I, however,
+declined his offer, having the numerous duties of the ship to attend
+to.
+
+As my despatch of the 14th instant to the Secretary of the Admiralty
+had been very short, and written in great haste,--being desirous that
+his Majesty's Ministers should be made acquainted with the important
+arrangements agreed upon, as early as possible,--I considered it
+right to make a more detailed report to the Commander in Chief; and
+therefore wrote a despatch to Lord Keith, of which the following are
+extracts, intending to send it by the officer who should announce to
+him the Bellerophon's arrival in Torbay.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter From Captain Maitland, Addressed To Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., Dated on Board H.M. Ship Bellerophon, at Sea,
+July 18th, 1815.
+
+
+"Having received directions from Sir Henry Hotham to forward the
+accompanying despatch to your Lordship by an officer, I avail myself
+of the opportunity to explain the circumstances under which I was
+placed when induced to receive Napoleon Buonaparte into the ship I
+command.
+
+"After the first communication was made to me by Count Bertrand (a
+copy of which, with my answer, has been forwarded to your Lordship by
+Sir Henry Hotham) that Buonaparte was at Isle d'Aix, and actually
+embarked on board the frigates for the purpose of proceeding to the
+United States of America, my duty became peculiarly harassing and
+anxious, owing to the numerous reports, that were daily brought from
+all quarters, of his intention to escape in vessels of various
+descriptions, and from different situations on the coast, of which the
+limited means I possessed, together with the length of time requisite
+to communicate with Sir Henry Hotham at Quiberon Bay, rendered the
+success at least possible, and even probable. Thus situated, the enemy
+having two frigates and a brig, while the force under my command
+consisted of the Bellerophon and Slaney (having detached the Myrmidon
+to reinforce the Daphne off the Mamusson passage, where the force was
+considerably superior to her, and whence one of the reports stated
+Buonaparte meant to sail,) another flag of truce was sent out, for the
+ostensible reason of enquiring whether I had received an answer to
+the former, but I soon ascertained the real one to be a proposal from
+Buonaparte to embark for England in this ship.
+
+"Taking into consideration all the circumstances of the probability of
+the escape being effected, if the trial was made either in the
+frigates, or clandestinely in a small vessel, as, had this ship been
+disabled in action, there was no other with me that could produce any
+effect on a frigate, and, from the experience I have had in blockading
+the ports of the bay, knowing the impossibility of preventing small
+vessels from getting to sea, and looking upon it as of the greatest
+importance to get possession of the person of Buonaparte; I was
+induced, without hesitation, to accede to the proposal, as far as
+taking him on board, and proceeding with him to England: but, at the
+same time, stating in the most clear and positive terms, that I had no
+authority to make any sort of stipulation as to the reception he was
+to meet with.
+
+"I am happy to say, that the measures I have adopted have met with the
+approbation of Sir Henry Hotham, and will, I trust and hope, receive
+that of your Lordship, as well as of his Majesty's Government."
+
+On the 29th, a conversation took place between Madame Bertrand and
+myself, about Buonaparte's voyage to Elba. She asked me if I was
+acquainted with Captain Usher. On my answering in the negative, she
+said, "The Emperor is very fond of him: he gave him his portrait set
+with diamonds, and has another which he intends for you." I replied,
+"I hope not, as I cannot accept of it. Captain Usher's situation and
+mine were very different, and what might be proper in him would not be
+so in me." She rejoined, "If you do not accept of it, you will offend
+him very much." "If that is the case," I said, "I shall be obliged to
+you to take steps to prevent its being offered, as I wish to save him
+the mortification, and myself the pain, of a refusal; and I feel it
+absolutely impossible, situated as I am, to take a present from him.
+In receiving him on board, I had no direct authority from my
+Government, and I have yet to learn whether my conduct will be
+approved of. Besides, were I to receive a present of such value, it
+might possibly be said, that I was actuated by selfish motives;
+whereas all the measures I have taken were dictated solely by the
+desire of serving my country to the best of my judgment: if,
+therefore, I am to receive any reward, it must come from that
+quarter."
+
+On the 20th of July, early in the morning, we spoke the Swiftsure, on
+her way from England to reinforce me in the blockade of Rochefort.
+The astonishment of Captain Webley can scarcely be conceived, when, on
+his entering the ship, I said, "Well, I have got him." "Got him! got
+whom?" "Why, Buonaparte; the man that has been keeping all Europe in a
+ferment these last twenty years." "Is it possible?" said he; "well,
+you are a lucky fellow." We had some further conversation; but Captain
+Webley was not introduced to Buonaparte, who had not then left his
+cabin; and as the Swiftsure was going to the southward, and I was
+desirous of getting to England as quickly as possible, we soon parted
+company.
+
+During the 21st and 22nd of July, we exchanged signals with two or
+three others of our ships, which I took care to explain were on the
+look-out for my guest; and he seemed by this time pretty well
+convinced that an attempt to elude our cruisers would have been
+fruitless. On the latter day, the Prometheus showed her number, while
+we were at dinner: when Buonaparte expressed a wish to know whether
+the ships at Brest had hoisted the white flag or not. I sent for the
+officer of the watch, and desired him to ask the question by
+telegraph. In a few minutes he returned, with an answer in the
+affirmative. Buonaparte made no remark upon this information; but
+asked, with apparent indifference, how the question and answer had
+been conveyed; and when I explained it to him, he approved highly of
+the usefulness of the invention.
+
+During meals, he always entered very freely and familiarly into
+conversation with those about him, addressing himself frequently to
+Las Cases and me; asking many questions about the manners, customs,
+and laws of the English; often repeating the observation he had made
+on first coming on board, that he must gain all the information
+possible on those subjects, and conform himself to them, as he should
+probably end his life among that people. Monsieur Las Cases, it
+appears, had emigrated from France early in the revolution, and
+remained in England until the peace of Amiens, when he was allowed to
+return to his own country.
+
+Sunday, the 23rd of July, we passed very near to Ushant: the day was
+fine, and Buonaparte remained upon deck great part of the morning. He
+cast many a melancholy look at the coast of France, but made few
+observations on it. He asked several questions about the coast of
+England; whether it was safe to approach; its distance, and the part
+we were likely to make. About eight in the evening, the high land of
+Dartmoor was discovered, when I went into the cabin and told him of
+it: I found him in a flannel dressing-gown, nearly undressed, and
+preparing to go to bed. He put on his greatcoat, came out upon deck,
+and remained some time looking at the land; asking its distance from
+Torbay, and the probable time of our arrival there.
+
+At daybreak of the 24th of July, we were close off Dartmouth. Count
+Bertrand went into the cabin, and informed Buonaparte of it, who came
+upon deck about half-past four, and remained on the poop until the
+ship anchored in Torbay. He talked with admiration of the boldness of
+the coast; saying, "You have in that respect a great advantage over
+France, which is surrounded by rocks and dangers." On opening Torbay,
+he was much struck with the beauty of the scenery; and exclaimed,
+"What a beautiful country! it very much resembles the bay of Porto
+Ferrajo, in Elba."
+
+The ship was scarcely at anchor, when an officer came alongside,
+bringing an order from Lord Keith; of which I give an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 23rd July, 1815.
+
+
+"Captain Sartorius, of His Majesty's ship Slaney, delivered to me last
+night, at eleven o'clock, your despatch of the 14th instant,
+acquainting me that Buonaparte had proposed to embark on board the
+ship you command; and that you had acceded thereto, with the intention
+of proceeding to Torbay, there to wait for further orders. I lost no
+time in forwarding your letter by Captain Sartorius to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in order that their Lordships might,
+through him, be acquainted with every circumstance that had occurred
+on an occasion of so much importance; and you may expect orders from
+their Lordships for your further guidance. You are to remain in Torbay
+until you receive such orders; and in the mean time, in addition to
+the directions already in your possession, you are most positively
+ordered to prevent every person whatever from coming on board the ship
+you command, except the officers and men who compose her crew; nor is
+any person whatever, whether in His Majesty's service or not, who does
+not belong to the ship, to be suffered to come on board, either for
+the purpose of visiting the officers, or on any pretence whatever,
+without express permission either from the Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, or from me. As I understand from Captain Sartorius, that
+General Gourgaud refused to deliver the letter with which he was
+charged for the Prince Regent, to any person except his Royal
+Highness, you are to take him out of the Slaney, into the ship you
+command, until you receive directions from the Admiralty on the
+subject, and order that ship back to Plymouth Sound, when Captain
+Sartorius returns from London."
+
+Along with the above order, I received a letter from Lord Keith, of
+which I give some extracts.
+
+"You will perceive by the newspapers, that the intelligence had
+reached London before Captain Sartorius, owing to his long passage. I
+have a letter from Lord Melville to-day, enforcing in the strongest
+manner the former orders,--even that no person, myself or Sir John
+Duckworth excepted, shall be suffered to come on board the ship, till
+orders are sent from Government; which you will be so good as strictly
+to comply with. Let him and his want for nothing; and send to me for
+any thing Brixham cannot furnish; I will send it to you by a small
+vessel. You may say to Napoleon, that I am under the greatest personal
+obligations to him for his attention to my nephew, who was taken and
+brought before him at Belle Alliance, and who must have died, if he
+had not ordered a surgeon to dress him immediately, and sent him to a
+hut. I am glad it fell into your hands at this time, because a
+Frenchman had been sent from Paris on the mission, a Monsieur Drigni."
+
+Buonaparte recollected the circumstance alluded to, and seemed much
+gratified with Lord Keith's acknowledgments.
+
+Napoleon and all his attendants were very anxious to see as many
+newspapers as possible, but particularly the Courier, which they
+considered the Ministerial paper, and most likely to contain the
+intentions of Government respecting them. They received little
+encouragement from any of them, but least of all from those which are
+supposed to take the Ministerial side in politics, as they not only
+contained a great deal that was personally offensive, but stated, in
+very plain terms, that none of the party would be allowed to land in
+England, and that St Helena was the probable place of their ultimate
+destination. Buonaparte himself always affected to consider this as a
+mere newspaper report, though I believe it gave him a good deal of
+uneasiness. His followers received it with much irritation and
+impatience, frequently endeavouring to convince me that our Government
+could have no right to dispose of them in that way, and talking to me,
+as if I had been one of his Majesty's Ministers, and had influence in
+determining on their future destination. All I could say on the
+subject did not prevent them from frequently recurring to it, and
+appealing against the injustice of such a measure.
+
+This morning General Gourgaud returned from the Slaney, which we found
+lying here, not having been permitted to land, and having refused to
+deliver the letter he had been charged with for the Prince Regent to
+any person except his Royal Highness himself.
+
+When I was conversing with Madame Bertrand, she said, "Had the Emperor
+gained the battle of Waterloo, he would have been firmly seated on the
+throne of France." I answered, "It certainly might have protracted his
+downfall, but, in all probability, he would have been overthrown at
+last, as the Russians were fast advancing, and he never could have
+resisted the combined forces of the Allies." To which she replied, "If
+your army had been defeated, the Russians never would have acted
+against him." "That I cannot believe," I said, "as they were using
+every effort to join and support the Allies; and the assertion is
+ridiculous." "Ah," said she, "you may laugh at it, and so may other
+people, nor will it, perhaps, now be discovered; but remember what I
+say, and be assured that at some future period it will be proved,
+that it never was Alexander's intention to cross the frontiers of
+France, in opposition to him."
+
+In the course of the day I received many applications for admittance
+into the ship: among others a note from a lady residing in the
+neighbourhood, accompanied by a basket of fruit, requesting a boat
+might be sent for her next morning. I returned a civil answer,
+informing her that my instructions would not admit of her request
+being complied with: no more fruit was sent from that quarter. Lord
+Gwydir and Lord Charles Bentinck also applied for admittance, but with
+no better success.
+
+No sooner was Buonaparte's arrival known in the neighbourhood, than
+the ship was surrounded by a crowd of boats, people being drawn from
+all quarters to see this extraordinary man. He came often upon deck,
+and showed himself at the gangways and stern windows, apparently for
+the purpose of gratifying their curiosity, of which, as he observed to
+me, the English appeared to have a very large portion.
+
+In the evening, the officer who had been sent to Plymouth, on the
+ship's arrival, with despatches for Lord Keith, returned, bringing
+letters, from which I give the following extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, July 24, 1815.
+
+
+"The officer of the ship you command has just delivered to me your
+letter of this date, reporting your arrival in Torbay, with the
+Bellerophon and Myrmidon, having on board Napoleon Buonaparte and his
+suite. I have also received your other letter, explaining the
+circumstances under which you were placed, when you were induced to
+receive Napoleon on board; and I shall transmit the same to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in confident expectation, that his
+Majesty's Government will fully approve of your conduct."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S, Bellerophon, dated 24th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I take the opportunity of your officer's return, to congratulate you
+and the nation, and to thank you for the perfect manner in which you
+entered into my views on the subject, and for the management of the
+blockade, about which I was most anxious. It will not be long ere you
+are instructed by the Government: the first express would arrive about
+four o'clock this morning, and I attempt a telegraph message, but it
+is cloudy. I beg you will send for any thing you may want, to me, and
+it shall be sent instantly; and I beg to present my respects to
+Napoleon, and if I can render him any civility, I will consider it my
+duty, as well as in gratitude for Captain Elphinstone's report of the
+attention he received from him on the field of battle."
+
+During the 25th of July, the concourse of people round the ship was
+greater than the day before, and the anxiety of the Frenchmen was
+considerably augmented by the confidence with which the newspapers
+spoke of the intention to remove Buonaparte to St Helena. In the
+afternoon, he walked above an hour on deck, frequently stood at the
+gangway, or opposite to the quarter-deck ports, for the purpose of
+giving the people an opportunity of seeing him, and, whenever he
+observed any well-dressed women, pulled his hat off, and bowed to
+them.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual, was inquisitive about the kinds of
+fish produced on the coast of England, and ate part of a turbot that
+was at table, with much relish. He then spoke of the character of the
+fishermen and boatmen on our coast, saying, "They are generally
+smugglers as well as fishermen; at one time a great many of them were
+in my pay, for the purpose of obtaining intelligence, bringing money
+over to France, and assisting prisoners of war to escape. They even
+offered, for a large sum of money, to seize the person of Louis, and
+deliver him into my hands; but as they could not guarantee the
+preservation of his life, I would not give my consent to the measure."
+
+At three in the morning of the 26th of July, Captain Sartorius
+returned from London; having carried my despatch announcing
+Buonaparte's intention to embark in the Bellerophon, and brought with
+him orders for me to proceed to Plymouth Sound. We immediately got
+under weigh, accompanied by the Myrmidon and Slaney. While heaving the
+anchor up, Las Cases came upon deck, when I told him the ship was
+ordered to Plymouth, supposing, if he thought it requisite, he would
+acquaint his master. Soon after the ship was at sea, Madame Bertrand
+made her appearance, when she attacked me with some warmth for having
+neglected to acquaint Buonaparte with the orders I had received, and
+told me he was excessively offended. As she had once or twice before,
+when every thing did not go exactly as she wished, held the same
+language, I determined to ascertain whether Buonaparte had expressed
+any dissatisfaction, and, if so, to come to an explanation with him,
+as, though I was inclined to treat him with every proper
+consideration, it never was my intention to be looked upon as
+responsible to him for my movements; I therefore told Las Cases what
+she had said, and requested he would ascertain whether Napoleon really
+had felt displeased. He immediately went into the cabin, and on his
+return assured me that there must have been some mistake, as nothing
+of the kind had taken place.
+
+The ship's removal to the westward was by no means an agreeable event
+to the suite of my guest: they naturally reasoned, that, had it been
+the intention of the British Government to allow him to land in
+England, he would not have been removed further from the Metropolis.
+He, however, made no observations on the subject himself; still
+affecting to consider the reports in the newspapers as the surmises of
+the editors.
+
+We had, during the forenoon of the 26th of July, to beat up from the
+Start to Plymouth Sound, against a strong northerly wind. Buonaparte
+remained upon deck the greater part of the day. When going into the
+Sound, I pointed out the Breakwater to him, and described the manner
+in which they were forming it. He said, it was a great national
+undertaking, and highly honourable to the country; enquired the
+estimated expense, and seemed surprised, when I told him it was
+expected to be finished for something less than a million sterling. He
+added, "I have expended a large sum of money on the port of Cherbourg,
+and in forming the Boyart Fort, to protect the anchorage at Isle
+d'Aix; but I fear now, those and many other of my improvements will be
+neglected, and allowed to go to ruin."
+
+When the ship had anchored, I informed him I was going to wait on the
+Commander-in-chief, and requested to know if I could convey any
+message from him. He desired me to return his thanks to Lord Keith,
+for the kind intentions he had expressed towards him in his letters to
+me, and to say he was extremely anxious to see his Lordship, if it
+could be done with propriety. On delivering his message to Lord Keith,
+he answered, "I would wait upon him with much pleasure, but, to tell
+you the truth, I have as yet received no instructions as to the manner
+in which he is to be treated; and until I do receive these, I cannot
+well visit him." He then gave me some precautionary orders to prevent
+his escape, or any attempt to effect it. From which I give the
+extracts below.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Hamoaze, July 26, 1815.
+
+
+"In addition to the orders already received, you are to pay the
+strictest regard and attention to the directions contained in the
+enclosed extract of a letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty. If
+General Gourgaud has not already been taken out of the Slaney, you are
+to cause him to be removed immediately into the ship you command. I
+enclose, for your information, a copy of a general order that I have
+issued, forbidding communication with the ship you command; and it is
+my intention to order the Liffey and Eurotas to anchor near you, and
+to row guard."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty to Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated 24th July, 1815, enclosed in the
+foregoing.
+
+
+"Referring your Lordship to Mr Croker's letter of the 1st instant,
+respecting Buonaparte, I am to signify their Lordships' directions to
+you, to give the most positive orders to Captain Maitland to prevent
+all communication whatever with the shore but through him, and by him
+through your Lordship; and on no account to permit any person
+whatsoever to go on board the ship, without your Lordship's permission
+given in writing for that purpose; which permission, for obvious
+reasons, will only be granted in such cases as the public service may
+require: and proper measures are to be taken to prevent boats and
+small craft from crowding near the Bellerophon.
+
+"Your Lordship will restrict the captains and commanders of your
+squadron from communicating, until further orders, with the
+Bellerophon."
+
+
+There was also enclosed the following copy of a Memorandum, addressed
+to the respective Captains of H.M. Ships Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+                                          "Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze,
+                                                      26th July, 1815.
+
+"MEMO:
+
+"The Liffey and Eurotas are to take up an anchorage on each side of
+the Bellerophon, at a convenient distance, and observe the following
+directions, as well for the purpose of preventing the escape of
+Buonaparte, or any of his suite, from that ship, as for restraining
+shore-boats and others from approaching too close to her, either from
+curiosity or any other motive.
+
+"A constant watch of an officer, a quarter-watch, and double
+sentinels, are to be kept by day, as well as a boat manned and armed
+alongside, in constant readiness, as a guard-boat: the same
+precaution is to be observed all night, with the exception, that one
+of the boats, in charge of a lieutenant, is to row guard, and to be
+relieved every hour.
+
+"No shore-boats, or others, are to be suffered, either by night or by
+day, to approach nearer the Bellerophon than one cable's length; and
+no boats are to be permitted to loiter about the ship, even at that
+distance, either from curiosity or any other motive: neither the
+captains of the Liffey or Eurotas, nor any other officer belonging to
+those or any other ships, are to go on board the Bellerophon, either
+to visit, or on any pretence whatever, without permission from me in
+writing."
+
+                                               Signed, KEITH, Admiral.
+
+A Copy.
+
+  Keith, Admiral.
+  To the respective Captains of the
+  Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+When I returned on board, I found the frigates had taken their
+positions as directed in the last order, and their boats were
+endeavouring as much as possible to keep the shore-boats at the
+specified distance from the ship. I stated to Buonaparte what Lord
+Keith had said; to which he answered, "I am extremely anxious to see
+the Admiral, and therefore beg he will not stand upon ceremony: I
+shall be satisfied to be treated as a private person, until the
+British Government has determined in what light I am to be
+considered." He then complained of the two frigates being placed as
+guard-ships over him, "as if," said he, "I were not perfectly secure
+on board a British line-of-battle ship;" and added, "The guard-ships'
+boats have been firing musquetry all the evening, to keep the
+shore-boats at a distance: it disturbs and distresses me, and I shall
+be obliged to you to prevent it, if it lies in your power." I
+immediately sent to the Captains of the frigates, to put a stop to
+the firing.
+
+On the 27th of July, I received a letter from the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, of which I give an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty, addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated 25th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I have received and laid before my Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, your letter of yesterday's date, reporting your arrival in
+the Bellerophon in Torbay, accompanied by the Myrmidon, having on
+board Napoleon Buonaparte and suite, and transmitting a copy of a
+letter you had addressed to Admiral Lord Keith, reporting your
+proceedings, under the various circumstances which occurred prior to
+his embarkation, of which their Lordships have been pleased to direct
+me to signify their approval."
+
+I waited on Lord Keith in the morning, and carried with me
+Buonaparte's original letter to the Prince Regent, which General
+Gourgaud had refused to deliver to Captain Sartorius: finding that one
+of his own officers would not be allowed to proceed with it, he now
+consented to its being forwarded through the Admiral. I reported to
+his Lordship all the occurrences of the previous day; and that, in
+consequence of the frequent repetition in the newspapers of its being
+the intention of his Majesty's Government to send Buonaparte to St
+Helena, he, as well as the officers of his suite, had expressed much
+uneasiness. I also carried a message from him, stating his desire to
+see his Lordship, and that he would willingly waive all ceremony, and
+be considered as a private person. To which Lord Keith answered, "I
+shall now have no difficulty whatever, having received full
+instructions as to the manner in which he is to be treated: he is to
+be considered as a General Officer, and have the respect due to that
+rank paid him, and no more: you may therefore say I shall wait on him
+to-morrow forenoon." He then put into my hands the following
+additional orders.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I herewith transmit an extract of an order, containing certain
+directions relative to Buonaparte and his suite, and you are forthwith
+to carry the same into execution; sending on board the Liffey or
+Myrmidon, with directions similar to those that have been addressed to
+yourself, such of his suite as are to be withdrawn from the ship you
+command."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to
+Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated July 25th, 1815.
+
+
+"That he should give immediate orders, that, upon the arrival of the
+Bellerophon, Napoleon Buonaparte should remain, until the Prince
+Regent's further pleasure shall be signified, on board of that, or
+such other ship of war as we shall appoint, and shall not be permitted
+on any account to come on shore; or to hold communication with the
+shore, or with other vessels, either personally, or by writing. Not
+more than four or five persons of his suite (exclusive of menial
+servants) are to remain on board the same ship with himself: the
+remainder of his suite are to be kept under similar restraint, on
+board of other vessels of war. Napoleon Buonaparte is to be considered
+and addressed as a General Officer."
+
+In consequence of those orders, several of the officers of inferior
+rank, and some of the servants, were sent to the frigates appointed to
+guard us.
+
+In the afternoon Sir Richard and Lady Strachan, accompanied by Mrs
+Maitland, came alongside the ship. Buonaparte was walking the deck,
+and, when I told him my wife was in the boat, he went to the gangway,
+pulled off his hat, and asked her if she would not come up and visit
+him. She shook her head; and I informed him, that my orders were so
+positive, I could not even allow her to come on board. He answered,
+"C'est dur, �a." "That is very hard." And addressing himself to her,
+"Milord Keith est un peu trop sev�re; n'est-ce pas, Madame?" "Lord
+Keith is a little too severe; is he not, Madam?" He then said to me,
+"Ma foi, son portrait ne la flatte pas; elle est encore plus jolie que
+lui." "I assure you her portrait is not flattering; she is handsomer
+than it is." I told him Sir Richard Strachan was in the boat with her,
+and that he was second in command of the Channel fleet: he bowed to
+him, and said, "He appears a very young man to hold so high a rank."
+
+There were this day a great many boats round the ship, full of people,
+among which were a number of well-dressed females. He expressed
+himself in strong terms of admiration of the beauty of the English
+women, and was desirous of knowing which were the ladies,--"les dames
+comme il faut," as he termed it; as they were all so well dressed that
+he could not distinguish them.
+
+In the evening a letter was sent to me by Lord Keith, of which I
+subjoin an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris, Hamoaze,
+27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"From the representation you have made to me of the dissatisfaction
+expressed by Buonaparte, on observing by the newspapers that he was to
+be sent to St Helena; it will be necessary that you redouble your
+vigilance to prevent his escape; and you are therefore to station
+double sentinels, and resort to every other means that may be
+necessary for frustrating any such intention."
+
+On the 28th of July, Lord Keith came on board, between eleven and
+twelve o'clock, and was shown by me into the cabin, where Count
+Bertrand introduced him to Buonaparte. I immediately withdrew, and
+cannot therefore state what passed between them; but Lord Keith
+afterwards informed me, that Buonaparte had been very anxious to know
+whether the Government had come to any determination with regard to
+his disposal; of which his Lordship professed total ignorance.
+
+After Lord Keith came out of the cabin, he remained some time with
+Buonaparte's suite, who were collected in the state room. Madame
+Bertrand drew him aside, and entered into conversation with him,
+saying what she had repeated to me a hundred times, that it would be
+the height of injustice to send them to St Helena, and endeavouring
+to persuade him to interfere in preventing her husband at least from
+going, should Napoleon be sent there.
+
+During the whole of the 29th of July it rained incessantly, and
+nothing worth relating took place: the Frenchmen were deprived of
+their usual amusement of admiring the ladies, and being admired in
+return, not a boat having made its appearance. They often remarked,
+with the characteristic vivacity of their nation, that they were
+placed in the situation of Tantalus,--so many beauties in view,
+without the possibility of approaching them.
+
+On Sunday, the 30th of July, the crowd of boats was greater than I
+ever remember to have seen at one time. I am certain I speak within
+bounds when I state, that upwards of a thousand were collected round
+the ship, in each of which, on an average, there were not fewer than
+eight people. The crush was so great, as to render it quite impossible
+for the guard-boats to keep them off; though a boat belonging to one
+of the frigates made use of very violent means to effect it,
+frequently running against small boats, containing women, with such
+force as nearly to upset them, and alarming the ladies extremely. The
+French officers were very indignant at such rude proceedings, saying,
+"Is this your English liberty? Were such a thing to happen in France,
+the men would rise with one accord and throw that officer and his crew
+overboard."
+
+After the ship's arrival in England, Buonaparte seldom left the cabin
+earlier than five o'clock in the afternoon; passing his time in
+walking up and down the after-cabin, reading a great deal,[8] and
+often falling asleep on the sopha, having within these two or three
+years become very lethargic.
+
+         [Footnote 8: The books that seemed to occupy his attention,
+         when I had an opportunity of observing him, were, a Life of
+         Washington, and a translation of Ossian's Poems.]
+
+I this day informed him, that Lord Keith had received an intimation,
+that Sir Henry Bunbury, one of the Under Secretaries of State, was to
+arrive in the course of the day with the decision of the British
+Government as to his future disposal. He asked me many questions, but,
+although Lord Keith had acquainted me that Buonaparte was to go to St
+Helena, he had at the same time desired me not to communicate this
+information, and I was therefore obliged to evade his interrogatories
+as I best could.
+
+In the newspapers of this day there appeared the lists of persons
+proscribed by the Government of France. Among the first class were the
+names of Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand: the first treated it with
+derision, the two others appeared much alarmed, and often asked me if
+I thought it possible the British Government would deliver them up to
+Louis. I said, "Decidedly not; you have been received on board an
+English man of war, and it never can be the intention of the Ministers
+to deliver you over to punishment." They were not, however, satisfied
+by any means; and a French frigate, bearing the white flag, which lay
+in Hamoaze, was an object of much jealousy to them.
+
+When I waited on Lord Keith, the morning of the 31st of July, he
+acquainted me that Sir Henry Bunbury had arrived, and was to accompany
+him on board at ten o'clock. He also showed me a notification of the
+decision of Government respecting Buonaparte, in which he was styled
+General throughout. It stated, that he was to be sent to St Helena,
+and to be permitted to take with him three of the higher class of
+those that had accompanied him from France, and twelve domestics, who
+were to be selected by himself, with the exception of Savary and
+Lallemand, who were not on any account to be permitted to go with him.
+I immediately returned on board, to be in readiness to receive Lord
+Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury; and informed Buonaparte, that he might
+expect them. He asked me if I knew what they were to communicate; and
+having then received his Lordship's sanction for doing so, I told him,
+I understood it was determined he was to be sent to St Helena. His
+mind had, by this time, been so much prepared by the newspapers for
+that event, that he did not show any very strong emotion at receiving
+the intimation; though he complained, in strong terms, of the
+injustice of such a measure. As, however, the Admiral's barge was seen
+approaching, and I was obliged to go upon deck to receive him, I had
+very little conversation with him at that time.
+
+Lord Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury arrived about half-past ten in the
+forenoon, when I showed them into the cabin, where Buonaparte was
+attended by Count Bertrand. I then withdrew, leaving them shut up with
+him for about half an hour, when Lord Keith called me into the
+fore-cabin, where all the suite were assembled, and I presented each
+of them to the Admiral and Sir Henry. They all appeared very much
+distressed, but particularly Savary and Lallemand; who were extremely
+urgent to know how they were to be disposed of; protesting, most
+vehemently, against their being given up to France, as a breach of all
+faith and honour. Madame Bertrand again tried to induce Lord Keith to
+use his influence with our Government, to prevent Bertrand from
+accompanying Buonaparte to St Helena.
+
+As soon as the Admiral had left the ship, Buonaparte sent for me, and
+showed me the same paper Lord Keith had communicated to me in the
+morning. When I had read it, he complained vehemently of his treatment
+in being sent to St Helena, saying, "The idea of it is perfect horror
+to me. To be placed for life on an island within the Tropics, at an
+immense distance from any land, cut off from all communication with
+the world, and every thing that I hold dear in it!--c'est pis que la
+cage de fer de Tamerlan. (It is worse than Tamerlane's iron cage.) I
+would prefer being delivered up to the Bourbons. Among other insults,"
+said he,--"but that is a mere bagatelle, a very secondary
+consideration,--they style me General! they can have no right to call
+me General; they may as well call me Archbishop, for I was head of the
+church, as well as the army. If they do not acknowledge me as Emperor,
+they ought as First Consul; they have sent Ambassadors to me as such;
+and your King, in his letters, styled me brother. Had they confined
+me in the Tower of London, or one of the fortresses in England,
+(though not what I had hoped from the generosity of the English
+people,) I should not have so much cause of complaint; but to banish
+me to an island within the Tropics! They might as well have signed my
+death-warrant at once, as it is impossible a man of my habit of body
+can live long in such a climate."
+
+He then expressed a desire to write another letter to the Prince
+Regent; and I carried it the same afternoon to Lord Keith, by whom it
+was immediately forwarded to London.
+
+Generals Savary and Lallemand this day made many appeals to me on the
+injustice of our Government delivering them up to France; saying they
+had not a doubt it was intended, else why except them from
+accompanying the Emperor, as they were both married men, and Savary
+the father of a large family:--it was not the wish of either to have
+gone to St Helena; but their being expressly excepted, and their names
+appearing in the list of proscribed, was but too sure a proof of their
+intended fate. Savary added, "Were I to be allowed a fair and
+impartial trial, I should have nothing to fear, never having accepted
+a situation under Louis; but at present, when faction runs so high, I
+should inevitably be sacrificed to the fury of party. Lallemand's case
+is quite different: he held a command under the King, and, on
+Napoleon's return from Elba, joined him with his troops; therefore,
+his situation would at any time be a dangerous one:--but I lived in
+the country all the time Louis was in France, and did not come forward
+until Buonaparte's arrival in Paris, when he directed me to take the
+command of the Gendarmerie."
+
+Lallemand said, "My reason for coming on board the Bellerophon with
+Las Cases on the morning of the 14th, was to ascertain whether there
+would be a risk of any of the Emperor's followers being delivered up
+to the French Government, in the event of their accompanying him to
+England; when you assured me there could be no danger of it." I
+replied, "My answer to you was, that I was of opinion there could be
+no risk of the British Government taking such a step; and I see no
+reason now to alter that opinion. As I have received you on board the
+Bellerophon, I consider you under the protection of the British flag,
+and myself, in a great measure, responsible for your personal safety;
+and under that impression I will write on the subject to Lord
+Melville, as the Minister under whose immediate control I act, that
+your minds may be set at rest, though, I repeat, you run no hazard of
+being sent to France." The same evening, before I went to bed, I wrote
+the letter which follows:--
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                      Plymouth Sound, 31st July, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I am induced to address your Lordship in consequence of having
+observed, in the intimation delivered to Napoleon Buonaparte of the
+number of persons allowed to accompany him to the Island of St Helena,
+that the names of Savary and Lallemand are expressly excepted, which,
+together with their being proscribed in the French newspapers, has
+created in them a belief that it is the intention of His Majesty's
+Government to deliver them up to the King of France. Far be it from me
+to assume such an idea; but I hope your Lordship will make allowance
+for the feelings of an officer who has nothing so dear to him as his
+honour, and who could not bear that a stain should be affixed to a
+name he has ever endeavoured to bear unblemished. These two men,
+Savary and Lallemand (what their characters or conduct in their own
+country may be I know not), threw themselves under the protection of
+the British flag; that protection was granted them with the sanction
+of my name. It is true, no conditions were stipulated for; but I acted
+in the full confidence that their lives would be held sacred, or they
+should never have put foot in the ship I command, without being made
+acquainted that it was for the purpose of delivering them over to the
+laws of their country.
+
+"I again beg leave to repeat to your Lordship, that I am far from
+supposing it to be the intention of His Majesty's Government to
+deliver these men over to the laws of their country; but, as they are
+strongly impressed with that belief, and I look upon myself as the
+cause of their being in their present situation, I most earnestly beg
+your Lordship's influence may be exerted that two men may not be
+brought to the scaffold who claimed and obtained at my hands the
+protection of the British flag.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        &c. &c. &c.
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "The Viscount Melville,
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+I felt convinced that Buonaparte, after the notification he had
+received, would be too much depressed in spirits to make his
+appearance on deck this day; and sent a boat to some of my friends,
+who were waiting in hopes of seeing him, to say there was no chance of
+his coming out, as he was much distressed at the communication which
+had been made to him. I was, therefore, a good deal surprised, on
+turning round, to find him standing at my elbow; and I can only
+account for his showing himself as usual, by supposing either that he
+was not in fact so much annoyed as I had believed him to be, or that
+he was actuated by a desire of creating a feeling of commiseration
+among the English people in his behalf.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual; and, indeed, it was quite astonishing
+with what elasticity his spirits regained their usual cheerfulness,
+after such trials and disappointments. He never, in my hearing,
+threatened to commit suicide; nor do I believe he did on any occasion:
+the only expression I ever heard him make use of, that could in any
+way be construed into such a threat, was, that he would not go to St
+Helena,--"Je n'irai pas � St H�l�ne."
+
+As Buonaparte always retired early to bed, it was the custom for the
+French ladies and officers to assemble every evening in the ward-room,
+and partake of wine and water, punch, or bishop--a mixture consisting
+of Port, Madeira, nutmeg, and other ingredients, well known to
+sailors, and much relished by our foreign guests.
+
+I was sitting this evening next Montholon, when Madame Bertrand
+entered; I said to her, "Will you not sit down and take something?"
+She gave an answer which I took for No; and passed rapidly into the
+first lieutenant's cabin, which she had occupied since she came on
+board. Montholon, who had observed her with more attention than I had
+done, immediately rose and followed her. There was instantly a shriek
+from the cabin, and a great uproar; and some one called out 'The
+Countess is overboard.' I ran upon deck, that, in the event of its
+being so, a boat might be lowered down, or the guard-boats called to
+her assistance. On looking over the quarter, and seeing no splash in
+the water, I felt satisfied it was a false alarm, and returned to the
+ward-room. Madame Bertrand had by this time been placed on her bed,
+where she was lying in strong hysterics, at intervals abusing the
+English nation and its Government, in the most vehement and unmeasured
+terms; sometimes in French and sometimes in English. Lallemand was
+walking up and down the ward-room much agitated, joining in the abuse;
+saying, among other things, "that it was horrible to bring a set of
+people on board the ship for the purpose of butchering them." I turned
+to him, and said, "Monsieur Lallemand, what a woman says in the state
+of violent irritation that Madame Bertrand at present is, I consider
+of little consequence, and am willing to make every allowance for the
+situation you are placed in; but I cannot stand by and hear such terms
+used of the Government of my country; and if you do not desist, or
+make use of more respectful language, I shall be under the necessity
+of taking measures that will be very unpleasant both to you and
+myself."
+
+This had the effect of silencing him. When the bustle had subsided, I
+retired to my cabin, and was employed in writing the foregoing letter
+to Lord Melville, in behalf of Messrs Savary and Lallemand; when the
+latter, attended by Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, came in. They
+immediately entered into conversation with me about the cruelty of
+their situation: among many other things, they said, "You may depend
+upon it, the Emperor never will go to St Helena; he will sooner put
+himself to death; he is a man of determined character, and what he
+says he will do." "Has he ever said he will put himself to death?" I
+asked. They answered, "No; but he has said he will not go, which
+amounts to the same thing; and were he to consent himself, here are
+three of us who are determined to prevent him." I told them they had
+better consider the consequences well, before they ventured on a
+measure of that kind.
+
+The next day, August 1st, 1815, I waited on Lord Keith, and reported
+all that had occurred during the preceding day. I also showed him the
+letter I had written and meant to send to Lord Melville, respecting
+Generals Savary and Lallemand; he read it, and said, "that though he
+did not agree with me in opinion as to my honour or character being
+implicated, yet that he saw no harm in the letter." He then said, "You
+may tell those gentlemen who have threatened to be Buonaparte's
+executioners, that the law of England awards death to murderers, and
+that the certain consequence of such an act will be finishing their
+career on a gallows."
+
+After quitting his Lordship, I had an interview with Sir Henry
+Bunbury, previous to his setting out for London, and stated to him my
+feelings respecting the cruelty of delivering up to the French
+Government, men who had been received under the protection of the
+British flag. I said that I had no belief myself that any such
+intention existed; but that they were so strongly impressed with the
+conviction of it, that I had been induced to write to Lord Melville,
+and now begged to state to him, that I should consider myself
+dishonoured for ever, if they suffered death through my means. He
+listened, but did not speak till I had finished; when he told me he
+would repeat what I had said to his Majesty's Ministers.
+
+Madame Bertrand kept her bed the whole of this day, and did not appear
+at dinner. When Buonaparte came upon deck, he asked Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon, after her health; and then said, with an incredulous smile,
+"Do you really think, Doctor, she meant to drown herself?" I put the
+same question to Montholon; who said he had not a doubt of it, for,
+when he followed her into the cabin, she was in the act of throwing
+herself out of the gallery window; that he rushed forward and caught
+hold of her, and that she continued suspended by the bar that goes
+across the window, with the greater part of her body hanging out,
+until he received assistance to drag her in. The bar above-mentioned
+had been placed there for the purpose of preventing people from
+falling overboard when the window was open and the ship had much
+motion at sea.
+
+On returning on board after being with Lord Keith, I went into Madame
+Bertrand's cabin to see how she was, and found her in bed. I asked
+her, how she could be so indiscreet as to attempt to destroy herself?
+"Oh! I am driven to desperation," she said; "I do not know what I do;
+I cannot persuade my husband to remain behind, he being determined to
+accompany the Emperor to St Helena." She then ran into a great deal of
+abuse of Napoleon, saying, "If his ends are served, he does not care
+what becomes of other people. 'Tis true he has always given Bertrand
+lucrative and honourable situations, but the expense attending them is
+such, that it was impossible to save money; and he has never given him
+a grant of land, or any thing that permanently bettered our
+fortune."[9] On another occasion, she came into the cabin which I
+occupied, when I was writing, and, after exacting a promise of secrecy
+towards the remainder of the suite, she entreated I would take
+measures to prevent her husband from accompanying Buonaparte, and
+begged me to write a letter in her name to Lord Keith, to induce him
+to interfere. I told her it would appear extremely officious in me to
+write on such a subject, but that any thing she chose to put on paper
+I would deliver to his Lordship. She did write, and I carried the
+letter; but his Lordship declined interfering, desiring me to say, he
+considered it the duty of every good wife to follow the fortunes of
+her husband. In the course of the conversation above-mentioned, she
+became extremely warm in speaking of Napoleon, saying, "He deserves
+nothing at our hands; and, indeed, there is not one of his people who
+would not most gladly quit him." Whenever she became animated, she
+could not pour out her feelings in the English language fast enough,
+(though she spoke it remarkably well, having received her education
+partly in England,) when she had always recourse to French; and though
+I frequently reminded her that there was nothing but a piece of
+canvass between us and the ward-room, where there were generally some
+of the French officers, I could by no means keep her within bounds.
+The consequence of which was, that all she said was heard and
+understood by one of them. When Madame Bertrand had left me, Count
+Montholon requested to speak with me in private. He carried me up to
+his cabin on the quarter-deck, where I found Generals Gourgaud and
+Lallemand, who told me they had been informed of what Madame Bertrand
+had said to me; and they had requested to see me, for the purpose of
+contradicting her assertion, that they were desirous of quitting
+Buonaparte: that, so far from that being the case, there was not one
+of them that would not follow him with pleasure wherever he might be
+sent, or that would not lay down his life to serve him: they also
+required secrecy towards the Countess. I answered, "Why really,
+gentlemen, this is very extraordinary; you pretend to know all that
+passed in a private conversation I have had with Madame Bertrand, and
+then to bind me to secrecy: you may depend upon it, I will enter into
+no such engagement, until I know by what means you obtained your
+information." They then told me that one of them had been in the
+quarter-gallery, and overheard all she said.
+
+         [Footnote 9: [I cannot assent to your leaving out what Madame
+         Bertrand said respecting Bonaparte. But if she spoke
+         favourably of him in her calmer moments, I think it might be
+         mentioned in this place so as to claim some allowance for her
+         irritated state of feelings. It is, by-the-by, precisely at
+         such moments that real opinions start out which are at other
+         times carefully suppressed. What she said in her passion was
+         very true: B. was not fond of rendering his favourites
+         independent. I really think you cannot leave it out: as well
+         omit the threat of Savary &c., to kill B.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Nothing of importance occurred during the 2nd of August. Buonaparte
+did not appear upon deck; nor would he consent to nominate the people
+who were to accompany him to St Helena; he still seemed to indulge a
+hope, that the Government might be induced to reconsider the decision.
+I had half an hour's conversation with him in the cabin: it consisted,
+on his part, of complaints of the cruelty of sending him to St Helena.
+He likewise asked me many questions about that island, as to its
+extent, climate, and productions, whether it would be possible to take
+exercise on horseback, if there was game of any kind upon it, &c.: to
+all of which I could only answer from report, never having visited the
+island myself. He conversed very little at dinner, and appeared
+unwell. In the evening, General Bertrand informed me that the
+sentinel's calling out "All's well!" during the night disturbed him,
+and prevented his sleeping; upon which I gave directions they should
+not do so while he remained on board.
+
+During the 3rd of August Buonaparte kept his cabin. When I went to the
+Admiral, I met him escorting some ladies, in company with Sir William
+Lemon, to the Ville de Paris's barge. On being introduced to Sir
+William, he told me that a report was in circulation that a boat was
+to have been under the Bellerophon's stern the night before, at ten
+o'clock, for the purpose of effecting Buonaparte's escape. Although I
+gave no credit to the report, I immediately returned on board, and
+asked the first lieutenant if Buonaparte had been seen that morning;
+he informed me that he had not attended breakfast, and that no person
+had seen him but his own people. I then sent to the Eurotas, which lay
+astern of the ship, to enquire if he had appeared at the stern
+windows; but was answered in the negative: upon which I desired one of
+the young gentlemen to go out on the spanker-boom and look into the
+cabin windows, to ascertain if he was sitting on the sofa; but he
+could not discover him in any part of the cabin. I then became
+extremely uneasy, and sent my servant in to bring some paper out, who
+on entering found the object of my anxiety stretched out on his bed
+with his clothes on, and the curtains drawn close round him, with
+every appearance of being unwell. I had before asked Count Bertrand
+about him, who said he had passed a bad night, and was too ill to
+leave his apartment.
+
+Instead of retiring to his bed this evening between eight and nine
+o'clock, as was his usual custom, I heard him and another person (I
+believe General Bertrand) pacing up and down the cabin until past
+eleven; and in consequence gave directions to the officer of the watch
+and the sentries to be particularly vigilant; and ordered one of the
+guard-boats to remain under the ship's stern all night. He had still
+declined all this day giving a list of those that he wished to attend
+him to St Helena.
+
+At three in the morning of the 4th of August, the officer of the watch
+brought me a letter from Lord Keith, informing me that a courier had
+just arrived from London, and that it was probable the ship would be
+required to put to sea at a moment's notice. In consequence of this
+order, we unmoored at daylight, bent the top-gallant sails, and made
+other preparations for getting under weigh. The Frenchmen were very
+watchful of all our motions, appeared much alarmed and annoyed, and
+questioned me frequently as to the cause. I told them, what was
+literally the fact, that I had received directions to be ready to put
+to sea, but had no orders to carry it into effect; and that was all I
+knew.
+
+Between seven and eight o'clock, I waited on Lord Keith, who said he
+had received information that a habeas corpus had been taken out for
+the purpose of bringing Buonaparte on shore, and that a lawyer was on
+his way down to serve it; desiring me, therefore, to be ready to put
+to sea whenever the signal might be made.
+
+On returning on board, I had an interview with Buonaparte, who was
+very urgent to know why the ship was preparing for sea. I told him, by
+Lord Keith's directions, that it was the intention of our Government,
+his removal should take place at sea; and that we were going out to
+meet the Northumberland, the ship which was to convey him to St
+Helena.
+
+He begged I would write to Lord Keith, and say he wished very much to
+see him; and Count Bertrand told me he was also desirous of having the
+newspapers. I accordingly wrote to his Lordship, who was then on board
+the Tonnant: who, however, declined visiting him, but sent me a note,
+of which the following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of a Note from Admiral Viscount Keith, addressed to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, 4th August.
+
+
+"I send you the paper, and shall be glad to hear the determination of
+the General, whom you may inform that the answer is arrived from
+London, and that I have no authority to alter, in any degree, any part
+of the former communication; which induces me to wish the selection of
+the persons he is inclined should attend him."
+
+I communicated the contents to General Bertrand, who made his report
+to Buonaparte. On his coming out of the cabin, I pressed him on the
+subject of nominating those that were to go with him to St Helena; but
+the only answer he returned was, "L'Empereur n'ira pas � St
+H�l�ne;"--the Emperor will not go to St Helena.
+
+Soon after nine o'clock, the Bellerophon's signal was made to prepare
+to weigh, and at half-past nine to weigh: we immediately started. As
+the light air of wind that blew was right into the Sound, and the
+flood-tide against us, the guard-boats were sent ahead to tow; but,
+soon observing a suspicious-looking person in a boat approaching the
+ship, I ordered one of them to cast off, keep under the ship's stern,
+and not allow any shore boat, under any pretext, to come near us. The
+person alluded to proved afterwards to have been the lawyer mentioned
+by Lord Keith; not with a Habeas Corpus, but a subpoena for
+Buonaparte to attend a trial at the Court of King's Bench as a
+witness. He was, however, foiled: as Lord Keith avoided him, and got
+on board the Prometheus, off the Ramehead, where he remained until
+joined by the Tonnant; while the guard-boat prevented him from
+approaching near enough to the Bellerophon, to serve his writ on
+me.[10]
+
+         [Footnote 10: [The business of the Habeas Corpus is so
+         whimsical that Capt. M. should get some legal friend to give
+         a brief idea of the nature of the process and the purpose for
+         which it was resorted to. The book will certainly be
+         instantly translated into French, and such an explanation as
+         I have hinted at will be extremely necessary. It should be
+         thrown into a note; a few words should be added on the
+         absurdity of the attempt. It will be otherwise thought and
+         said that Bonaparte was kidnapped out of England contrary to
+         the English laws. The real nature of the transaction should
+         be distinctly explained.--SCOTT. The following note
+         accordingly appears in the original edition:--]
+
+         To prevent erroneous impressions from going abroad, and to
+         put this curious circumstance in its true light, I have
+         prevailed on a friend, who was educated for the English bar,
+         to favour me with the following account of the writs of the
+         Habeas Corpus and subpoena; by which it will appear that no
+         such process, or any other, as far as I can understand, could
+         have had the effect of removing Buonaparte from one of His
+         Majesty's ships, and causing him to be landed in England in
+         opposition to the commands of the Government of the country.
+
+         "It is a common mistake to suppose that the celebrated Habeas
+         Corpus Act made it a matter of right, for every person, under
+         any restraint whatever to obtain this writ. That statute
+         related to persons committed by legal process for criminal
+         offences, and the object of it was to prevent them being
+         detained an unnecessary or unreasonable length of time,
+         without being brought to trial. Other cases of alleged
+         illegal detention were left as at common law: in these the
+         granting or refusal of the writ is discretionary in the
+         Court, or Judge applied to, and it will only be issued on a
+         proper case being laid before them. No such writ, it is
+         believed, was ever applied for in Buonaparte's case; nor, if
+         applied for, would it have been obtained. Where a foreigner,
+         in private life, is brought to England, and detained against
+         his will, the Court will grant the writ; but any application
+         of Buonaparte, or on his behalf, must have shown him to have
+         surrendered, and to have been then detained as a prisoner of
+         war. Under that character, he was not entitled to the benefit
+         of this writ; the Courts having refused it on the application
+         of individuals brought to England as prisoners of war, even
+         when applied for by the subject of a neutral power, who swore
+         to his having been compelled by force to serve the enemy, and
+         to have been captured in the course of that compulsory
+         service.
+
+         "The real transaction alluded to, is understood to have been
+         this: an individual being under prosecution for a libel on a
+         naval officer, censuring his conduct on the West India
+         station, when a French squadron was in those seas, pretended
+         that it would aid his defence to show that the French ships
+         were at that time in an unserviceable condition, and that
+         Buonaparte would be able to prove the fact. He accordingly
+         obtained a subpoena for him to attend as a witness on the
+         trial in the Court of King's Bench, and endeavoured himself,
+         and not by a lawyer, as at first supposed, to get on board
+         the Bellerophon to deliver it.
+
+         "This transaction probably gave currency to the rumours of a
+         Habeas Corpus having been issued, particularly as one
+         description of that writ is, the proceeding for bringing a
+         prisoner into Court to give evidence, which having given, he
+         is remanded to gaol.
+
+         "Had the individual in question succeeded in his attempt to
+         get on board the ship, and deliver the subpoena, it would
+         have been of no assistance either to himself or Buonaparte,
+         if it was at all intended to benefit the latter, as it would
+         not have been possible for him to obey it, there not being
+         any authority for Captain Maitland, who was answerable for
+         his safety as a prisoner, allowing him to do so. It was,
+         however, considered the most prudent course, by Lord Keith,
+         not to permit the delivery of the process, the exact nature
+         of which was at the moment unknown, lest it might involve
+         himself or Captain Maitland in any difficulty, by an apparent
+         disrespect to the Court, and more particularly as it might
+         create erroneous impressions in Buonaparte's mind, that a
+         breach of the law was committed in his not being permitted to
+         comply with the terms of the document, not aware that it
+         contained no power authorising his release from detention as
+         a prisoner of war."]
+
+While the ship was working out of the Sound, two well-dressed women in
+a boat kept as close to her as the guard-boat would allow, and,
+whenever Buonaparte appeared at the stern windows, stood up and waved
+their handkerchiefs.
+
+On joining the Prometheus off the Ramehead, where Lord Keith's flag
+was then flying, I received the following note from his Lordship.
+
+
+                       No date; received August 4th, in the Afternoon.
+
+"I have been chased all day by a lawyer with a Habeas Corpus: he is
+landed at Cawsand, and may come off in a sailing-boat during the
+night; of course, keep all sorts of boats off, as I will do the like
+in whatever ship I may be in.
+
+                                                               KEITH."
+
+"Captain Maitland."
+
+
+Buonaparte wrote another letter this evening to the Prince Regent,
+which I carried to Lord Keith, who again told me of his having been
+chased all day by a lawyer: who had first started him out of his own
+house, then followed him to the Tonnant, where he attempted to get in
+at one side, as his Lordship left her on the other; he afterwards
+pursued him towards Cawsand, but the Admiral being in a twelve-oared
+barge, out-rowed him, and gave him the slip round the Ramehead. It was
+on his return from this chase that he attempted to get on board the
+Bellerophon.
+
+Buonaparte now confined himself entirely to his cabin, never coming on
+deck, or appearing at breakfast or dinner. He was not served from the
+table, but what he ate was prepared and carried in to him by Marchand,
+his favourite valet de chambre. Messrs Bertrand and Las Cases passed
+much time with him; and this evening the protest was prepared, which
+will appear in the sequel.
+
+On the morning of the 5th of August, the weather was overcast, with a
+strong breeze of wind, and the sea began to rise, much to the
+discomposure of my poor French guests. Soon after breakfast, my signal
+being made from the Tonnant, where Lord Keith had now hoisted his
+flag, I told General Bertrand that I was going to the Admiral, and
+would convey anything Buonaparte had to say to him. He requested I
+would wait until a letter or paper, then under preparation, was
+finished, which was intended for me, but a copy to be presented to
+Lord Keith. I waited nearly an hour, when he brought me Buonaparte's
+protest. I delivered it to the Admiral, stating at the same time that
+I wished to have a copy; and was afterwards furnished with one by his
+Lordship's secretary. I insert it here.
+
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"Je proteste solennellement ici, � la face du Ciel et des hommes,
+contre la violence qui m'est faite, contre la violation de mes droits
+les plus sacr�s, en disposant par la force, de ma personne et de ma
+libert�.
+
+"Je suis venu librement � bord du Bellerophon; je ne suis point
+prisonnier; je suis l'h�te de l'Angleterre. J'y suis venu �
+l'instigation m�me du Capitaine qui a dit avoir des ordres du
+Gouvernement de me recevoir, et de me conduire en Angleterre avec ma
+suite, si cela m'�toit agr�able. Je me suis pr�sent� de bonne foi pour
+venir me mettre sous la protection des loix d'Angleterre. Aussit�t
+assis � bord du Bellerophon, je fus sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Si le Gouvernement, en donnant des ordres au Capitaine du
+Bellerophon, de me recevoir ainsi que ma suite, n'a voulu que tendre
+une emb�che, il a forfait � l'honneur et fl�tri son pavillon. Si cet
+acte se consommoit, ce seroit en vain que les Anglais voudroient
+parler � l'Europe de leur loyaut�, de leur loix, et de leur libert�.
+La foi Britannique _s'y trouvera perdue dans l'hospitalit� du
+Bellerophon_. J'en appelle � l'histoire; elle dira qu'un ennemi qui
+fit vingt ans la guerre aux peuples Anglois, vint librement, dans son
+infortune, chercher un asile sous ses loix. Quelle plus �clatante
+preuve pouvait-il lui donner de son estime et de sa confiance? Mais
+comment r�pondit-on en Angleterre � une telle magnanimit�?--On feignit
+de tendre une main hospitali�re � cet ennemi, et quand il se fut livr�
+de bonne foi, on l'immola.
+
+                                                    "Sign�, NAPOL�ON."
+
+  � bord du Bellerophon,
+  4 Ao�t, 1815.
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"I hereby solemnly protest, in the face of Heaven and of men, against
+the violence done me, and against the violation of my most sacred
+rights, in forcibly disposing of my person and my liberty. I came
+voluntarily on board of the Bellerophon; I am not a prisoner, I am
+the guest of England. I came on board even at the instigation of the
+Captain, who told me he had orders from the Government to receive me
+and my suite, and conduct me to England, if agreeable to me. I
+presented myself with good faith to put myself under the protection of
+the English laws. As soon as I was on board the Bellerophon, I was
+under shelter of the British people.
+
+"If the Government, in giving orders to the Captain of the Bellerophon
+to receive me as well as my suite, only intended to lay a snare for
+me, it has forfeited its honour and disgraced its flag.
+
+"If this act be consummated, the English will in vain boast to Europe
+of their integrity, their laws, and their liberty. British good faith
+will be lost in the hospitality of the Bellerophon.
+
+"I appeal to History; it will say that an enemy, who for twenty years
+waged war against the English people, came voluntarily, in his
+misfortunes, to seek an asylum under their laws. What more brilliant
+proof could he give of his esteem and his confidence? But what return
+did England make for so much magnanimity? They feigned to stretch
+forth a friendly hand to that enemy; and when he delivered himself up
+in good faith, they sacrificed him.
+
+                                                   "Signed, NAPOLEON."
+
+  "On board the Bellerophon,
+  4th August 1815."
+
+
+On the above I shall only observe, that no snare had been laid, either
+on the part of His Majesty's Government or mine. I was placed before
+Rochefort for the open purpose of preventing Buonaparte from making
+his escape from that port; and the exertions of myself and those under
+my command had been so completely successful, that the intention of
+forcing past the ships under my orders, as well as every other plan
+proposed, of which there appear to have been several, were abandoned
+as utterly hopeless. And so far was I from seeking communication with
+Napoleon, that all the flags of truce proceeding from him, were
+strongly reprobated by me, as improper, except in extraordinary cases,
+and were only resorted to when, as appears from Lord Keith's letter of
+the 23rd of July, orders had been sent from Paris for his arrest, and
+when (as has since been proved) one or more intimations had been given
+by the officer commanding in Isle d'Aix, that, if he did not depart,
+he would be under the necessity of detaining him. Besides, it is now
+perfectly ascertained, that the determination of repairing to England
+was adopted at a consultation held by Buonaparte on the night of the
+13th of July, when his letter to the Prince Regent was written; and
+Messrs Las Cases and Lallemand were sent on the morning of the 14th
+to discover if I would receive him on board the Bellerophon, and
+convey him to that country.
+
+On the morning of the 6th of August, when walking the deck with
+Monsieur Las Cases, he for the first time mentioned, that he
+understood me to have assured him that the Emperor would be well
+received in England, and allowed to reside there. I replied, "I cannot
+conceive how you could so far misunderstand me, as I constantly, in my
+communications with you, stated that I could make no promises
+whatever: that I thought my orders would bear me out in receiving him
+on board, and conveying him to England; but even in doing that, I
+acted very much upon my own responsibility. You questioned me
+frequently, as to my private opinion; and as I was quite ignorant upon
+the subject, I could only say I had no reason to believe he would be
+ill received." It did not, however, require my assistance to raise
+the hopes of those about Buonaparte, respecting the manner in which he
+was to be received in England; as one of his followers, on the passage
+home, asked me if I thought the Prince Regent would confer the order
+of the Garter upon him. If there was any misunderstanding, (which I
+cannot allow to have been the case,) Monsieur Las Cases has himself to
+blame. When he came on board of the Bellerophon for the purpose of
+treating, he concealed his knowledge of the English language; which,
+as I had considerable difficulty in expressing myself in French, could
+only be intended for the purpose of throwing me off my guard, that he
+might take advantage of any expressions that fell from me, or the
+officers I had always present at our meetings. Even after he was on
+board with Buonaparte, though he acknowledged he could read English,
+and always translated the newspapers for his master, he affected not
+to be able to speak it. What his actual knowledge of the language
+was, the following extract of a letter, from a friend of mine on board
+the Northumberland, dated at sea, August the 22nd, 1815, will show:
+
+"I do not know, whether Las Cases ever let you know he could speak
+English; but this I can assure you, that he speaks it very near as
+well as Madame Bertrand, and can hold a conversation, or maintain an
+argument in it, with as much fluency as she can."
+
+This forenoon, I had a long conversation with Buonaparte. He
+complained bitterly of the conduct of the British Government; and
+entered, at considerable length, into the state of his affairs when he
+determined upon the measure of repairing on board the Bellerophon.
+"There still," said he, "was a large party in the South, that wished
+me to put myself at its head; the army behind the Loire was also
+desirous of my return. At ten o'clock of the night before I embarked,
+a deputation from the garrison of Rochelle waited upon me, with an
+offer to conduct me to the army; in addition to which, the troops that
+were in Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and Isle d'Aix, amounting to twelve
+thousand men, were at my disposal. But I saw there was no prospect of
+ultimate success, though I might have occasioned a great deal of
+trouble and bloodshed, which I did not choose should take place on my
+account individually;--while the Empire was at stake, it was another
+matter."
+
+In the afternoon, Mr O'Meara, the surgeon, informed me that General
+Savary had made a proposal to him to accompany Buonaparte to St Helena
+as his medical attendant; Monsieur Maingaut, his surgeon, being a
+young man with whom he was little acquainted, having suffered so much
+from seasickness in the passage from Rochefort, that he felt averse to
+undertaking another sea voyage. He consulted me as to the propriety
+of accepting the offer. I told him it must depend very much upon his
+own feelings; but if he had no dislike to it, he had better accept the
+proposal, on condition that our Government consented, and agreed to
+pay his salary; but, in that case, an official communication must
+pass, through me, to the Admiral on the subject. This was the first
+intimation I received of Buonaparte having made any arrangement
+towards complying with the notification he had received from our
+Government.
+
+About nine A.M. a large ship was seen to leeward, which, on closing,
+proved to be the Northumberland. The whole squadron then stood in, and
+anchored to the westward of Berryhead. I went on board the Tonnant,
+and reported to Lord Keith that Buonaparte had at last made up his
+mind to move from the Bellerophon without force being used; and that
+Count Bertrand was desirous of seeing his Lordship, that he might make
+the necessary arrangements about the people who were to accompany
+him. By the Admiral's directions, I returned to my ship and brought
+Monsieur Bertrand to him. Soon after Sir George Cockburn arrived, and
+they were shut up together for nearly two hours.
+
+When I first went on board the Tonnant, I received a memorandum from
+Lord Keith, from which I give an extract; and at the same time a
+verbal intimation, that I should receive an order in writing the next
+day, to, remove Buonaparte, and such part of his suite as he might
+select, to the Northumberland.
+
+
+Extract of a Memorandum from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed
+to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off the
+Start, 6th August, 1815.
+
+
+"All arms of every description are to be taken from the Frenchmen of
+all ranks on board the ship you command; and they are to be carefully
+packed up and kept in your charge, while they remain on board the
+Bellerophon; and afterwards in that of the captain of the ship to
+which they may be removed."
+
+While we were at dinner, Generals Bertrand and Montholon were employed
+making out lists of what would be required by the French officers and
+the ladies, to render them comfortable during their voyage to St
+Helena, which were despatched to Plymouth by Sir George Cockburn's
+secretary.
+
+In the course of the evening Lord Keith and Sir George Cockburn came
+on board the Bellerophon; when the latter was introduced to
+Buonaparte.
+
+As soon as General Bertrand was at leisure, I told him I had orders to
+remove Napoleon to the Northumberland the following day, and also to
+take away the arms from him and his attendants, giving him to
+understand that they would be returned on their arrival at their
+destination. He seemed much hurt at being deprived of his arms, but
+said he would give directions for their being delivered; and I
+received them the next morning, with the exception of Buonaparte's
+sword, which, by an order I subsequently received from Lord Keith, he
+was permitted to wear, when quitting the ship.
+
+About half-past nine in the evening, Mons. Bertrand told me that
+Buonaparte was desirous of seeing me. On going into his cabin, he
+said, "Bertrand informs me you have received orders to remove me to
+the Northumberland; is it so?" I answered in the affirmative. "Have
+you any objection," he said, "to writing a letter to Bertrand,
+acquainting him of it; that I may have a document to prove that I was
+forced to quit the ship, and that my inclinations were not
+consulted." I replied, "I can have no objection to write such a
+letter, and shall do it this evening." I was then going to retire,
+when he requested me to remain, having more to say. "Your Government,"
+he continued, "has treated me with much severity, and in a very
+different way from what I had hoped and expected, from the opinion I
+had formed of the character of your countrymen. It is true I have
+always been the enemy of England, but it has ever been an open and
+declared one; and I paid it the highest compliment it was possible for
+man to do in throwing myself on the generosity of your Prince: I have
+not now to learn, however, that it is not fair to judge of the
+character of a people by the conduct of their Government." He then
+went on, (alluding to the Government,) "They say I made no conditions.
+Certainly I made no conditions; how could an individual enter into
+terms with a nation? I wanted nothing of them but hospitality, or, as
+the ancients would express it, 'air and water.' My only wish was to
+purchase a small property in England, and end my life there in peace
+and tranquillity. As for you, Capitaine," (the name by which he always
+addressed me) "I have no cause of complaint; your conduct to me has
+been that of a man of honour; but I cannot help feeling the severity
+of my fate, in having the prospect of passing the remainder of my life
+on a desert island. But," added he with a strong emphasis, "if your
+Government give up Savary and Lallemand to the King of France, they
+will inflict a stain upon the British name that no time can efface." I
+told him, in that respect, they were under an erroneous impression;
+that I was convinced it was not the intention of his Majesty's
+Ministers to deliver them up. "Je l'esp�re," "I hope so;" was his only
+reply.--I then took my leave of him for the night.
+
+That I may not break in upon the occurrences of the 7th, I shall here
+insert the letter I wrote at Buonaparte's request, and a copy of the
+orders under which I acted in removing him from the Bellerophon to the
+Northumberland.
+
+
+                                       "H.M.S. Bellerophon, Start Bay,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I beg to acquaint you that I have this day received orders from Lord
+Keith, Commander in Chief of the Channel Fleet, to remove General
+Buonaparte from the ship I command, to his Majesty's ship
+Northumberland; and I have to request you will intimate the above to
+the General, that he may prepare for the removal.
+
+"I likewise enclose a copy of an order respecting the arms of General
+Buonaparte and the whole of his attendants, and request you will give
+directions for their being delivered to me, that they may be disposed
+of as the order directs.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     &c. &c. &c.
+                                                   FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Lieut. General Count Bertrand."
+
+
+Copy of the order alluded to.
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to deliver the persons, named
+below, into the charge of Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815.
+                         KEITH, Admiral.
+
+  "By command of the Admiral,
+                        "JAMES MEEK, Secretary."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+  General Buonaparte.
+  Count Bertrand, his Wife, three children, one female servant, and
+    her child.
+  General Montholon, his Wife, one child, and one female servant.
+  General Gourgaud.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases, and his son.
+  Marchand, Premier Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis, ditto.
+  Novarra, ditto.
+  Pi�ron, Chef d'Office.
+  Le Page, Cuisinier.
+  Archambaud, Premier Valet de Pied.
+  Gentilini, Valet de Pied.
+  Bernard, domestique du Comte Bertrand.
+
+The four domestics underneath, who had come to England in the
+Myrmidon, also accompanied him:--
+
+  Cipriani, Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Santini, Huissier.
+  Rousseau, Lampiste.
+  Archambaud, Valet de Pied.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off Berryhead,
+7th August, 1815.
+
+
+"When the General quits the ship, it is not intended to take his sword
+from him, but to let him wear it, but not the others. Pistols, guns,
+&c. must, _as in all instances_, be removed for the safety of the
+ship, but the arms are carefully to be kept, and restored at a proper
+occasion."
+
+
+On the morning of the 7th of August, 1815, Count Las Cases made an
+application to me for permission to wait on Lord Keith, having a
+communication to make to him. I, in consequence, went to his Lordship,
+and obtained leave to send him. When the Admiral came on board the
+Bellerophon, in the forenoon, to attend Buonaparte in his removal to
+the Northumberland, he informed me that Monsieur Las Cases had
+represented to him, that I had promised Buonaparte should be well
+received in England, and allowed to remain there; and the same day he
+wrote a letter to me containing the above statement, and directing me
+to report upon it, which I afterwards did, as will hereafter appear.
+
+Count Bertrand was employed, during the morning, making out a list of
+those that were to proceed to St Helena with Buonaparte, in which
+General Gourgaud's name was omitted, and Colonel Planat was nominated
+his Secretary. This offended Monsieur Gourgaud so much, that he made
+use of some very strong language to General Bertrand; and after a good
+deal of altercation, it was arranged, I believe by Buonaparte himself,
+that Gourgaud should take Planat's place. There was also another cause
+of disagreement. The number of domestics allowed to go to St Helena
+being only twelve, did not admit of all the officers taking their
+personal attendants; General Montholon was obliged to leave a servant
+who had been with him many years, and Count Bertrand's was the only
+exception.
+
+General Bertrand had been so much employed all the morning making
+preparations for their removal, that he did not come to breakfast
+until every one had finished; his wife remained at the table, as I did
+also, as a mark of attention to him. She soon commenced an attack on
+her husband, to induce him to quit Buonaparte and remain in England.
+He seemed much distressed, but remained silent. At last, she turned to
+me, and begged I would give an opinion, and use my influence in favour
+of her proposal. I said, "Madame Bertrand, I have from the beginning
+endeavoured to avoid meddling in the very unpleasant discussions that
+have been going on for some days; but, as you demand my opinion, and
+force me to give it, I must acquaint you that I think, if your
+husband quits his master at such a time as the present, he will
+forfeit the very high character he now bears in this country." I then
+rose from the table and went upon deck.
+
+A short time after, Madame Bertrand came on deck, and, addressing me
+with much indignation in her countenance, said, "So, Captain Maitland,
+I hear the Emperor is not to have the whole of the after-cabin on
+board the Northumberland." I told her, I understood that Sir George
+Cockburn had received orders to that effect. "They had better treat
+him like a dog at once," said she, "and put him down in the hold." I
+had for several days been kept in a state of irritation that cannot be
+described, and such as few people have had an opportunity of
+experiencing. Madame Bertrand had, it will be readily understood, some
+share in causing this; and on her making the above remark, I am sorry
+to say, the little self-possession that still remained gave way, and I
+answered in these words, "Madam, you talk like a very foolish woman;
+and if you cannot speak more to the purpose, or with more respect of
+the Government I have the honour to serve, I request you will not
+address yourself to me." Just before she went out of the ship,
+however, she came up to me in a conciliatory and friendly manner, that
+did her the highest honour, and said, "Captain Maitland, you called me
+a very foolish woman this morning, but I should be sorry to part with
+you on bad terms; have you any objection to shake hands with me? as
+God knows if we shall ever meet again." "Very far from it," I
+answered; "I should be extremely sorry you left the ship without
+receiving my good wishes for your happiness and prosperity; and if, in
+the warmth of my temper, and under the harassing circumstances of my
+situation, I have said anything unpleasant, I most sincerely beg your
+pardon, and hope you will forgive and forget it."
+
+Soon after breakfast, Marchand came and said the Emperor wished to see
+me: I went into the cabin. "I have requested to see you, Captain,"
+said he, "to return you my thanks for your kindness and attention to
+me whilst I have been on board the Bellerophon, and likewise to beg
+you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you command.
+My reception in England has been very different from what I expected;
+but it gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your
+conduct to me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of
+honour." He then said, he was desirous of having Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon of the Bellerophon, to accompany him; and asked my opinion of
+him in his medical capacity, as well as of his principles. I replied,
+that I had the highest opinion of him, both for his skill and
+attention; that he had given me so much satisfaction while under my
+command, that I had procured his removal from two different ships in
+which he had served with me previous to my appointment to the
+Bellerophon, that he might accompany me; and that I was convinced he
+was a man of principle and integrity. After conversing some time
+longer with him, during which he spoke in the warmest terms of
+affection of General Bertrand, and the obligations he felt to him for
+his remaining with him during his adversity, when he knew strong
+efforts had been used to induce him to abandon him, I took my leave;
+and this was the last time I was ever alone with him.
+
+Soon after, Sir George Cockburn came on board, attended by Mr Byng as
+his secretary, for the purpose of examining Buonaparte's baggage: he
+had directions to apply to some person of his suite to attend at the
+search. The proposal was made to Count Bertrand; but he was so
+indignant at the measure, that he positively refused either to be
+present himself or to direct any other person to superintend. General
+Savary, however, consented, and was present, as well as Marchand. The
+covers of the trunks were merely opened, and Mr Byng passed his hand
+down the side, but the things were not unpacked. Once or twice, when
+the door of the after-cabin was opened, Buonaparte expressed his
+obligation to Mr Byng for the delicate manner in which he conducted
+the search, by bowing to him. When they came to the boxes containing
+the money, of which there were two, Marchand was permitted to take out
+such sum as was considered necessary for paying the wages of the
+servants that were to be left behind, and for other contingent
+expenses. One box, containing four thousand gold Napoleons, was
+retained and put under my charge, where it remained until my arrival
+in London, when I delivered it to Sir Hudson Lowe to be restored to
+its owner, as will be seen by the following order, receipts, &c.
+
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to receive into your custody
+such a sum of money belonging to General Buonaparte, as will be
+delivered into your charge by Rear-Admiral Sir George Cockburn,
+granting proper receipts for the same.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815,
+                  "KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+
+"J'ai laiss� le sept d'ao�t, � bord du Bellerophon, � Monsieur le
+Capitaine Maitland, une somme de quatre vingt mille francs, en quatre
+mille Napoleons d'or.
+
+                                                       "MARCHAND,
+                                            Premier Valet de Chambre."
+
+
+On the 7th of August, I have left on board the Bellerophon, in charge
+of Captain Maitland, the sum of eighty thousand francs, in four
+thousand gold Napoleons.
+
+                                                        MARCHAND,
+                                                 1st Valet de Chambre.
+
+
+"I acknowledge to have received a box with four paper packages, _said_
+to contain four thousand gold Napoleons, the property of Napoleon
+Buonaparte.
+
+                                                    "August 7th, 1815,
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Approved, George Cockburn."
+
+
+As I shall not have to revert to the subject of the money, I shall
+here subjoin the receipt I obtained on delivering it at the Admiralty
+Office, though it is of a date some time posterior.
+
+
+                                       "Admiralty, September 14, 1815.
+
+"Received from Captain Maitland a box, containing four packages,
+marked each 20,000 francs, and said to contain four thousand Napoleons
+d'or."
+
+                                             "H. LOWE, Major General."
+
+
+About eleven A.M., Lord Keith came on board in the Tonnant's barge, to
+accompany Buonaparte from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland. Count
+Bertrand immediately went into the cabin to inform him of his
+Lordship's arrival: it was, however, full two hours before it was
+reported that he was ready to attend him. About one o'clock, the barge
+of the Admiral was prepared; a Captain's guard turned out, and by Lord
+Keith's direction, as Napoleon crossed the quarter-deck to leave the
+ship, the guard presented arms, and three ruffles of the drum were
+beat, being the salute given to a General Officer.
+
+He walked out of the cabin with a steady, firm step, came up to me,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "Captain Maitland, I take this last
+opportunity of once more returning you my thanks for the manner in
+which you have treated me while on board the Bellerophon, and also to
+request you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you
+command:" then turning to the Officers, who were standing by me, he
+added, "Gentlemen, I have requested your Captain to express my
+gratitude to you for your attention to me, and to those who have
+followed my fortunes." He then went forward to the gangway; and before
+he went down the ship's side, bowed two or three times to the ship's
+company, who were collected in the waist and on the forecastle; he
+was followed by the ladies and the French Officers, and lastly by Lord
+Keith. After the boat had shoved off, and got the distance of about
+thirty yards from the ship, he stood up, pulled his hat off, and bowed
+first to the Officers, and then to the men; and immediately sat down,
+and entered into conversation with Lord Keith, with as much apparent
+composure as if he had been only going from one ship to the other to
+pay a visit.
+
+About a quarter of an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon,
+Montholon came to me on the quarter-deck, and said, "I am directed by
+the Emperor to return you his thanks for the manner in which you have
+conducted yourself throughout the whole of this affair; and he desires
+me to say, that the greatest cause of disappointment he feels in not
+being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent is, that he had
+intended to ask as a favour from his Royal Highness, that you should
+be promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral." I answered, "that although
+the request could not have been complied with under any circumstances,
+as it was contrary to the regulations of our naval service, yet I do
+not the less feel the kindness of the intention." "He meant also," he
+said, "to have presented you with a box containing his portrait, but
+he understands you are determined not to accept it." I replied, "In
+the situation I am placed, it is quite impossible I can receive any
+present from him." "He is perfectly aware," said he, "of the delicacy
+of your situation, and approves of your conduct." I then said, "I feel
+much hurt that Count Las Cases should have stated to Lord Keith, that
+I had promised Buonaparte should be well received in England, or
+indeed made promises of any sort. I have endeavoured to conduct myself
+with integrity and honour throughout the whole of this transaction,
+and therefore cannot allow such an assertion to go uncontradicted."
+"Oh!" said he, "Las Cases negotiated this business; it has turned out
+very differently from what he and all of us expected. He attributes
+the Emperor's situation to himself, and is therefore desirous of
+giving it the best countenance he can; but I assure you, the Emperor
+is convinced your conduct has been most honourable": then taking my
+hand, he pressed it, and added, "and that is my opinion also."
+
+In the course of the afternoon, I attended General Savary and
+Lallemand on board the Northumberland, where they went for the purpose
+of taking a last farewell of their master. I had very little
+conversation with him myself, but they remained with him a
+considerable time. When I was about to return to my ship, I went into
+the cabin to tell them they must accompany me. They approached him in
+the after-cabin, where he was standing, when he embraced each of them
+most affectionately, after the French manner, putting his arms round
+them, and touching their cheeks with his. He was firm and collected;
+but, in turning from him, the tears were streaming from their eyes. On
+getting on board, all the squadron got under weigh, the Tonnant and
+Bellerophon to return to Plymouth, the Northumberland, with two troop
+ships in company, to proceed to St Helena. The following day she was
+joined by a frigate and several sloops of war from Plymouth, when she
+made sail to the westward.
+
+Having now brought my narrative down to the period of Buonaparte's
+quitting the ship, it only remains for me to give some account of his
+person and character, as far as it fell under my view. In doing so, I
+shall endeavour, as far as possible, in the same spirit with which the
+foregoing narrative is written, to avoid being biassed, either by
+favourable or unfavourable feelings towards him. What he may have been
+when at the head of the French Empire, with the destiny of the
+greater part of Europe under his control, I have no peculiar means of
+knowing; all I can pretend to do is, to describe him as he was on
+board the Bellerophon; adding a few anecdotes, which have been omitted
+in the course of the narrative, as serving to throw some further light
+upon his character.
+
+Napoleon Buonaparte, when he came on board the Bellerophon, on the
+15th of July, 1815, wanted exactly one month of completing his
+forty-sixth year, being born the 15th of August, 1769. He was then a
+remarkably strong, well-built man, about five feet seven inches high,
+his limbs particularly well-formed, with a fine ancle and very small
+foot, of which he seemed rather vain, as he always wore, while on
+board the ship, silk stockings and shoes. His hands were also very
+small, and had the plumpness of a woman's rather than the robustness
+of a man's. His eyes light grey, teeth good; and when he smiled, the
+expression of his countenance was highly pleasing; when under the
+influence of disappointment, however, it assumed a dark gloomy cast.
+His hair was of a very dark brown, nearly approaching to black, and,
+though a little thin on the top and front, had not a grey hair amongst
+it. His complexion was a very uncommon one, being of a light sallow
+colour, differing from almost any other I ever met with. From his
+having become corpulent, he had lost much of his personal activity,
+and, if we are to give credit to those who attended him, a very
+considerable portion of his mental energy was also gone. It is certain
+his habits were very lethargic while he was on board the Bellerophon;
+for though he went to bed between eight and nine o'clock in the
+evening, and did not rise till about the same hour in the morning, he
+frequently fell asleep on the sofa in the cabin in the course of the
+day. His general appearance was that of a man rather older than he
+then was. His manners were extremely pleasing and affable: he joined
+in every conversation, related numerous anecdotes, and endeavoured, in
+every way, to promote good humour: he even admitted his attendants to
+great familiarity; and I saw one or two instances of their
+contradicting him in the most direct terms, though they generally
+treated him with much respect. He possessed, to a wonderful degree, a
+facility in making a favourable impression upon those with whom he
+entered into conversation: this appeared to me to be accomplished by
+turning the subject to matters he supposed the person he was
+addressing was well acquainted with, and on which he could show
+himself to advantage. This had the effect of putting him in good
+humour with himself; after which it was not a very difficult matter to
+transfer a part of that feeling to the person who had occasioned it.
+Lord Keith appears to have formed a very high opinion of the
+fascination of his conversation, and expressed it very emphatically
+to me, after he had seen him: speaking of his wish for an interview
+with the Prince Regent, "D----n the fellow," he said, "if he had
+obtained an interview with his Royal Highness, in half an hour they
+would have been the best friends in England."[11] He appeared to have
+great command of temper; for, though no man could have had greater
+trials than fell to his lot during the time he remained on board the
+Bellerophon, he never, in my presence, or as far as I know, allowed a
+fretful or captious expression to escape him: even the day he received
+the notification from Sir Henry Bunbury, that it was determined to
+send him to St Helena, he chatted and conversed with the same
+cheerfulness as usual. It has been asserted that he was acting a part
+all the time he was on board the ship; but still, even allowing that
+to be the case, nothing but great command of temper could have enabled
+him to have sustained such a part for so many days, in his situation.
+
+         [Footnote 11: [I do entreat and conjure that the natural and
+         sailor-like speech of Lord Keith be not tampered with. It is
+         really a sin to knock the spirit out of a work by such
+         over-delicacy.--SCOTT.]]
+
+I shall here relate a circumstance that occurred during the passage to
+England, which will show in a strong point of view the freedom that
+subsisted between him and those of his attendants in whom he had
+confidence. A conversation took place respecting the relative state of
+cultivation in France and in England. My opinion being asked, I said,
+that though the climate of France was much superior to that of
+England, I believed that agriculture had arrived at a greater state of
+perfection with us than in France. Most of the Frenchmen treated the
+idea with ridicule; upon which I said, let us refer to Monsieur Las
+Cases, who has lived several years in England. "You are right," said
+he; "there can be no doubt, that agriculture has arrived to much
+greater perfection in England than in France; but what I admire most
+in England, are the country-seats of your noblemen and gentlemen;
+there you surpass France very much." General Bertrand then took up the
+conversation, and said, that he was assured, that thirty thousand
+pounds sterling was annually expended on the park and grounds of
+Blenheim. Buonaparte immediately reduced that sum into livres; and
+observed, "The thing is impossible: the English people are not fools;
+they know the value of money, and no individual either could or would
+expend such a sum for such a purpose." He then spoke of the expense of
+keeping up Malmaison, one of the country palaces in France; stating
+the sum it cost annually, which did not exceed five thousand pounds.
+Bertrand still persisted in his statement, and made a reference to me.
+I, however, could give no information further than saying, that from
+what I had heard of the Duke of Marlborough's finances, he could not
+possibly lay out any such sum on Blenheim. Monsieur Bertrand would not
+give up the point, but repeated his assertion. On which Buonaparte
+said, with quickness, "Bah! c'est impossible." "Oh!" said Bertrand,
+much offended, "if you are to reply in that manner, there is an end of
+all argument;" and for some time would not converse with him.
+Buonaparte, so far from taking umbrage, did all he could to soothe him
+and restore him to good-humour, which was not very difficult to
+effect.
+
+One morning he began to talk of his wife and child, and desired
+Marchand to bring two or three miniature pictures to show me: he spoke
+of them with much feeling and affection. "I feel," said he, "the
+conduct of the allied sovereigns to be more cruel and unjustifiable
+towards me in that respect than in any other. Why should they deprive
+me of the comforts of domestic society, and take from me what must be
+the dearest objects of affection to every man--my child, and the
+mother of that child?" On his expressing himself as above, I looked
+him steadily in the face, to observe whether he showed any emotion:
+the tears were standing in his eyes, and the whole of his countenance
+appeared evidently under the influence of a strong feeling of grief.
+
+There were two pictures of young Napoleon: one in the dress of a
+Polish lancer, and the other with long curly flowing ringlets: they
+both represented a fair, strong, chubby boy, with features very much
+resembling those of his father. That of his mother, a very fair woman,
+with good features, but by no means handsome.
+
+From the observations I was enabled to make, I very much doubt
+Monsieur Savary's statement, that the passion of ambition was so
+completely overcome in his bosom, "that had it been proposed to him
+again to ascend the throne of France, he would have declined it"; and
+I do think, that if he had succeeded in eluding the British cruisers
+and arrived in America, he would always have looked forward to
+returning to France. In all his conversations, he spoke of ambition as
+a quality absolutely necessary to form the character of a soldier. On
+one occasion, Savary spoke of Kleber, (who was left by Napoleon in
+command of the army when he quitted Egypt,) in terms of high encomium;
+this brought on a discussion upon the respective merits of that
+officer and Dessaix, whose aid-de-camp Savary had been during the
+negotiation of the convention of El Arish. Buonaparte, speaking of
+Kleber, bestowed upon him great praise as an officer; but he added,
+"He was deficient in one of the most necessary qualifications of a
+soldier,--ambition. He was indolent, and required constant spurring.
+Dessaix, on the contrary, had all his abilities, which were kept in
+constant activity by a mind whose ambition there was no satisfying;
+and, had they both lived to the present period, he would have been
+much the greater man of the two."
+
+It does not appear from the statement of Buonaparte's attendants, that
+he had made any very considerable provision for the future, in the
+event of a reverse of fortune. They often regretted his poverty; and
+Madame Bertrand assured me that he was not possessed of more than a
+million of francs--forty-two thousand pounds of our money[12]; which,
+if correct, is certainly not a very large sum for a man who had had so
+many millions at his disposal. "The Emperor has always declared," she
+said, "that he would rise or fall with the country, and never would
+enrich himself out of the public property." He also upon one occasion,
+when there was some intention of leaving Madame Bertrand with her
+children in England, after stating Bertrand's poverty as an objection
+to that arrangement, said to me, "My finances are not such as to
+enable me to give him much assistance."
+
+         [Footnote 12: Since this narrative was written in the year
+         1815, it has been proved by Buonaparte's will, that either
+         his attendants were misinformed, or that they, as well as
+         himself, misrepresented the state of his finances, as he left
+         in the hands of Lafitte, the banker, in Paris, a sum of money
+         amounting to nearly four hundred thousand pounds sterling,
+         besides a very considerable sum said to be vested in the
+         American funds.]
+
+Buonaparte's carriage, which was taken at the battle of Waterloo by
+the Prussian cavalry, contained many articles of great value. In it
+was a necessaire, in which all the instruments, bason, &c. were
+composed of gold; a sword set with diamonds, and a diamond necklace,
+estimated at a very large sum of money, which one of his sisters (I
+think, the Princess of Borghese) put round his neck the night he took
+leave of her at Paris, on his setting out to join the army previous to
+the battle of Waterloo, and which he had taken off and deposited in a
+secret place in the carriage; Marchand, his valet de chambre, being so
+nearly taken by the Prussian hussars, that he quitted the carriage
+without having time to secure it. But I have since learned from Las
+Cases's Memoirs, that the necklace alluded to was saved, and that Las
+Cases had it concealed about his person all the time he was on board
+the Bellerophon.
+
+It has been stated in many of the public prints, that had not the
+Marquis of Anglesea received a wound when he was leading on a charge,
+Buonaparte must have fallen into his hands. In consequence of
+observing this assertion, I asked Generals Bertrand and Gourgaud
+whether they knew if any such occurrence had taken place: both of whom
+replied, "Certainly not; the Emperor was frequently in the midst of
+the British troops (p�le-m�le avec les troupes Angloises); but at no
+time during the battle was he in danger of being captured by a charge
+of cavalry."
+
+The midshipmen of the Bellerophon were in the habit of occasionally
+performing plays, to amuse themselves and the officers during the
+tedious operations of a blockade. Buonaparte being told of it by
+Savary, requested that they would oblige him by acting one for his
+amusement. During the performance, Madame Bertrand sat next to him,
+and interpreted. He appeared much amused, and laughed very heartily at
+our ladies, who were personated by great strapping fellows dressed in
+women's clothes, and not in the most tidy fashion. He had the patience
+to remain to the end of the third act, though, when attending the
+Opera at Paris, he had always retired at the end of the first.
+
+I heard several of the French officers discussing the merits of the
+British troops. One of them said, "The cavalry is superb." I
+observed, "In England we have a higher opinion of our infantry." "You
+are right," said he; "there is none such in the world: there is no
+making an impression on them: you may as well attempt to charge
+through a wall: and their fire is tremendous." Another of them
+observed: "A great fault in your cavalry is their not having their
+horses sufficiently under command: there must be something wrong in
+the bit, as on one or two occasions in a charge, they could not stop
+their horses: our troops opened to the right and left, let them pass
+through, and then closed their ranks again, when they were either
+killed or taken prisoners."
+
+I never heard Buonaparte speak of the battle of Waterloo, or give an
+opinion of the Duke of Wellington; but I asked General Bertrand what
+Napoleon thought of him. "Why," replied he, "I will give you his
+opinion nearly in the words he delivered it to me. 'The Duke of
+Wellington, in the management of an army, is fully equal to myself,
+with the advantage of possessing more prudence.'"
+
+During the time that Buonaparte was on board the Bellerophon, we
+always lived expressly for his accommodation--entirely in the French
+manner; that is to say, a hot meal was served at ten o'clock in the
+morning, and another at six in the evening; and so nearly did they
+resemble each other in all respects, that a stranger might have found
+difficulty, in coming into the cabin, to distinguish breakfast from
+dinner. His ma�tre d'h�tel took the joints off the table, cut them up
+in portions, and then handed them round. Buonaparte ate a great deal,
+and generally of strong solid food: in drinking he was extremely
+abstemious, confining himself almost entirely to claret, and seldom
+taking more than half-a-pint at a meal. Immediately after dinner,
+strong coffee was handed round, and then some cordial; after which he
+rose from table, the whole meal seldom lasting more than twenty or
+twenty-five minutes: and I was told, that during the time he was at
+the head of the French Government, he never allowed more than fifteen
+minutes for that purpose.
+
+After he had quitted the ship, being desirous to know the feeling of
+the ship's company towards him, I asked my servant what the people
+said of him. "Why, Sir," he answered, "I heard several of them
+conversing together about him this morning; when one of them observed,
+'Well, they may abuse that man as much as they please; but if the
+people of England knew him as well as we do, they would not hurt a
+hair of his head;' in which the others agreed." This was the more
+extraordinary, as he never went through the ship's company but once,
+immediately after his coming on board, when I attended him, and he did
+not speak to any of the men; merely returning their salute by pulling
+off his hat; and in consequence of his presence, they suffered many
+privations, such as not being allowed to see their wives and friends,
+or to go on shore, having to keep watch in port, &c.; and when he left
+the ship, the only money he distributed was twenty Napoleons to my
+steward, fifteen to one of the under-servants, and ten to the cook.
+
+It may, perhaps, be interesting to give a slight sketch of the
+principal persons who accompanied Buonaparte to the Bellerophon;
+premising, that I do not pretend to be minutely correct in the view I
+took of them: the trying circumstances in which these unfortunate men
+were placed, being such as required more than common temper; and I
+think it very doubtful, whether, in the same situation, Englishmen
+would have maintained equal forbearance.
+
+Count Bertrand was a man of about forty-four years of age, five feet
+ten inches in height, of a slight make and prepossessing appearance:
+his manners extremely placid and gentle, though evidently of a warm
+temper; and showed himself rather hasty in his conduct to Sir George
+Cockburn, about searching the baggage; as Sir George was not acting
+upon his own authority, but by the directions of his superiors, and
+was inclined to conduct himself with as much consideration as his
+orders would admit. He was an affectionate attentive husband, and much
+attached to his children.
+
+The Countess Bertrand was then of a tall, slight figure. Her maiden
+name was Dillon; her father was an Irishman in the French service, who
+lost his life during the revolution, and was related to Lord Dillon.
+Though, perhaps, a little warm, she has undoubtedly many excellent
+qualities: she showed herself to be a kind mother and affectionate
+wife; and if she easily took offence, she as easily forgot it; and any
+little dispute that occurred between her and me, was amply atoned for
+by the frank and affectionate manner in which she took leave when we
+were about to part, perhaps for ever.[13] They had, at the time I
+speak of, three fine children,--two boys and a girl; the eldest boy
+about five years of age, who seemed to have a natural turn for the
+profession of his father: his constant amusement, in which the young
+lady and little Montholon joined, was forming lines and squares, and
+other military evolutions, on the quarter-deck.
+
+         [Footnote 13: [I think the handsome and gentlemanlike account
+         of Madame Bertrand is a complete _amende honorable_ for
+         anything said of her in the course of the journal, and forms
+         a complete refutation to the objections made in the sense of
+         delicacy towards that lady for mentioning some part of the
+         conversation when in warmer moments. If you were to mention
+         your having afterwards met her in France, I think it would be
+         interesting.--SCOTT.]]
+
+General Savary, Duc de Rovigo, was a tall handsome man, then about
+forty-six years of age, of a cheerful disposition; and notwithstanding
+the alarm he was in lest he should be given up to the French
+Government, he never forgot himself so far as to make use of a rude
+expression in my presence. He was Minister of Police after Fouch�. As
+a great deal had been said about Captain Wright's death, I spoke to
+him one day upon the subject, and told him it was generally believed
+in England that he had been murdered: he said, "I took much pains in
+investigating that matter, and in ascertaining the cause of his death;
+and I have not a doubt that he cut his own throat in a fit of
+delirium." Neither Savary nor Lallemand were allowed to accompany
+Buonaparte to St Helena; but on the Bellerophon's return to Plymouth,
+after transferring Napoleon to the Northumberland, both of them,
+together with Planat and the other officers with the exception of
+three, were, by an order from the Admiralty, sent on board the Eurotas
+frigate, which conveyed them to Malta, from whence, after remaining
+some time as prisoners in Fort St Angelo, they were allowed to proceed
+to Smyrna.
+
+General Lallemand[14] was about forty-two years of age, of a thick
+strong make; his manners not pleasing, and his appearance by no means
+prepossessing. During the whole time he was in the Bellerophon, he was
+morose and abstracted, and seemed much alarmed lest he should be given
+up to the French Government; and there can be little doubt, had he
+fallen into its power, he would have shared the fate of Ney, as he
+had, with the troops under his command, joined Napoleon on his return
+from Elba. He had formerly been, for several years, one of
+Buonaparte's aide-de-camps, and during the time he was in the
+Bellerophon always did that duty in rotation with Montholon and
+Gourgaud; one of them sleeping in his clothes on a mattress every
+night outside of the door of the cabin he slept in. The other two
+aide-de-camps, Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, were young men about
+thirty-two years of age, the former an officer in the cavalry, and the
+other in the artillery: they were both of good families; but their
+attachment to Buonaparte induced them to give up their country and
+property to follow him.
+
+         [Footnote 14: [Lallemand, if I recollect right, had begun the
+         counter-revolution in Bonaparte's favour in the north-east of
+         France, and anticipated the moment of success, so that his
+         scheme had failed. I have some reason to think (being at
+         Paris at the time and much with those who knew something of
+         what was going on) that he would have been condemned to death
+         along with Ney had he fallen into the hands of the restored
+         Government. His person should be described.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Madame Montholon was a quiet unassuming woman, gave no trouble, and
+seemed perfectly satisfied, provided she were allowed to accompany
+her husband. She had with her one fine little boy, about four years
+old, and I believe left another child at nurse in France.
+
+Count Las Cases, though he bore the title of Counsellor of State, held
+no official situation with Buonaparte; nor did I perfectly understand
+how he came to accompany him on his departure from France, as he was
+not with him in Elba: but the intimacy appeared to have been formed
+since his return from that island. Napoleon was fond of his
+conversation. He was of small stature, being little more than five
+feet high, and slightly made. He always spoke of his master in terms
+of enthusiasm, and resisted every application from his wife and family
+to remain behind, being determined to follow wherever Buonaparte might
+be sent. He took with him his eldest son, a quick intelligent boy of
+thirteen.
+
+Monsieur Maingaut, the surgeon, with all the domestics beyond the
+twelve who went to St Helena, were conveyed in the Bellerophon to
+Portsmouth, and from thence sent to Cherbourg, and landed there.
+Monsieur Saint Catharine, a lad about sixteen, nephew to the Empress
+Josephine, and a native of Martinique, was provided with a passage to
+that island in one of our sloops of war.
+
+Captain Prontowski, a Pole, was allowed to proceed to St Helena, some
+time after the Northumberland sailed. Why this indulgence was granted
+to him, I never clearly understood; but it was said to be in
+consequence of the representations he made to the British Government,
+of the very strong attachment he entertained to his fallen master,--a
+feeling, as far as I could judge, which prevailed with equal force in
+the breasts of all those who accompanied him from France, without
+excepting Madame Bertrand, who, when not influenced by the horror she
+entertained of being banished to St Helena, always spoke of him not
+only with affection, but in the language of respect and enthusiasm.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sir Walter Scott adds at the end of his notes:--
+
+     I declare against abridgement. You are publishing a great and
+     interesting national document, in which accuracy is everything,
+     and abridgement takes greatly from its authenticity. Anything
+     that can be pointed out as what might be personally injurious to
+     these individuals whose attachment to a fallen master renders
+     them objects of interest ought of course to be retrenched. But on
+     no other account would I in Capt. M.'s place consent to alter a
+     word of a narrative written down at the time; and this you may
+     depend upon, that the more minute the narrative is the more it
+     will be interesting to the public. Minuteness is in itself the
+     voucher for authenticity. I presume to press this general remark.
+
+     The whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as
+     ever was given of so interesting a transaction. It is one in
+     which Captain Maitland not only vindicates his own character, but
+     guarantees that of the British nation. I really, since an
+     opportunity is given me by Capt. Maitland's confidence, protest
+     against its being snipped and clipped like the feet of the
+     ladies who wished to qualify themselves for the glass slipper.
+
+     The corrections in point of mere style are generally for the
+     better, and, I think, ought to be adopted. But let an idea get
+     abroad that your narrative has been altered and modified to suit
+     existing times, and the public suspicion will greatly outrun the
+     fact and suppose that material cancels or alterations have been
+     made.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+So many erroneous statements have gone abroad, as to the terms of
+Buonaparte's reception on board the Bellerophon, that I conceive it
+right to give the following correspondence, although at the expense of
+some repetition; in order to its being distinctly seen, that the good
+faith of the British nation was not compromised on that occasion, but
+that His Majesty's Government were at perfect liberty, as far as those
+terms were concerned, to act as they thought best.
+
+
+                                  "Tonnant, at anchor under Berryhead,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases having this morning stated to me that he understood
+from you, when he was on board the Bellerophon in Basque Roads, on a
+mission from General Buonaparte, that you were authorized to receive
+the General and his suite on board the ship you command, for
+conveyance to England; and that you assured him, at the same time,
+that both the General and his suite would be well received there; you
+are to report for my information, such observations as you may
+consider it necessary to make upon these assertions.
+
+  "I am, Sir,
+           Your most obedient,
+                            humble servant,
+                                         KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "Captain Maitland,
+  Bellerophon."
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                     Plymouth Sound, 8th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's letter of
+yesterday's date, informing me that Count Las Cases had stated to you,
+that he had understood from me when he was on board the Bellerophon in
+Basque Roads, on a mission from General Buonaparte, that I was
+authorized to receive the General and his suite on board the ship I
+command, for a conveyance to England, and that I assured him at the
+same time, that both the General and his suite would be well received
+there; and directing me to report for your Lordship's information such
+observations as I may consider it necessary to make upon these
+assertions. I shall, in consequence, state, to the best of my
+recollection, the whole of the transaction that took place between
+Count Las Cases and me, on the 14th of July, respecting the
+embarkation of Napoleon Buonaparte, for the veracity of which I beg to
+refer your Lordship to Captain Sartorius as to what was said in the
+morning, and to that officer and Captain Gambier (the Myrmidon having
+joined me in the afternoon) as to what passed in the evening.
+
+"Your Lordship being informed already of the flag of truce that came
+out to me on the 10th of July, as well as of every thing that occurred
+on that occasion, I shall confine myself to the transactions of the
+14th of the same month.
+
+"Early in the morning of that day, the officer of the watch informed
+me, a schooner, bearing a flag of truce, was approaching: on her
+joining the ship, about seven A.M. the Count Las Cases and General
+Lallemand came on board, when, on being shown into the cabin, Las
+Cases asked me if any answer had been returned to the letter sent by
+me to Sir Henry Hotham respecting Napoleon Buonaparte being allowed to
+pass for America, either in the frigates or in a neutral vessel. I
+informed him no answer had been returned, though I hourly expected, in
+consequence of those despatches, Sir Henry Hotham would arrive; and,
+as I had told Monsieur Las Cases, when last on board, that I should
+send my boat in when the answer came, it was quite unnecessary to have
+sent out a flag of truce on that account:--there, for the time, the
+conversation terminated. On their coming on board, I had made the
+signal for the Captain of the Slaney, being desirous of having a
+witness to all that might pass.
+
+"After breakfast (during which Captain Sartorius came on board) we
+retired to the after-cabin, when Monsieur Las Cases began on the same
+subject, and said, 'The Emperor was so anxious to stop the further
+effusion of blood, that he would go to America in any way the English
+Government would sanction, either in a neutral, a disarmed frigate, or
+an English ship of war.' To which I replied, 'I have no authority to
+permit any of those measures; but if he chooses to come on board the
+ship I command, I think, under the orders I am acting with, I may
+venture to receive him and carry him to England; but, if I do so, I
+can in no way be answerable for the reception he may meet with (this I
+repeated several times); when Las Cases said, 'I have little doubt,
+under those circumstances, that you will see the Emperor on board the
+Bellerophon.' After some more general conversation, and the above
+being frequently repeated, Monsieur Las Cases and General Lallemand
+took their leave: and I assure your Lordship that I never, in any way,
+entered into conditions with respect to the reception General
+Buonaparte was to meet with; nor was it, at that time, finally
+arranged that he was to come on board the Bellerophon. In the course
+of conversation, Las Cases asked me whether I thought Buonaparte would
+be well received in England; to which I gave the only answer I could
+do in my situation--'That I did not at all know what was the intention
+of the British Government; but I had no reason to suppose he would not
+be well received.' It is here worthy of remark, that when Las Cases
+came on board, he assured me that Buonaparte was then at Rochefort,
+and that it would be necessary for him to go there to report the
+conversation that had passed between us (this I can prove by the
+testimony of Captain Sartorius, and the first Lieutenant of this ship,
+to whom I spoke of it at the time), which statement was not fact;
+Buonaparte never having quitted Isle d'Aix, or the frigates, after the
+3rd.
+
+"I was, therefore, much surprised at seeing Monsieur Las Cases on
+board again before seven o'clock the same evening; and one of the
+first questions I put to him was, whether he had been at Rochefort. He
+answered, that on returning to Isle d'Aix, he found that Buonaparte
+had arrived there.
+
+"Monsieur Las Cases then presented to me the letter Count Bertrand
+wrote concerning Buonaparte's intention to come on board the ship (a
+copy of which has been transmitted to your Lordship by Sir Henry
+Hotham); and it was not till then agreed upon that I should receive
+him; when either Monsieur Las Cases, or General Gourgaud (I am not
+positive which, as I was employed writing my own despatches), wrote to
+Bertrand to inform him of it. While paper was preparing to write the
+letter, I said again to Monsieur Las Cases, 'You will recollect I have
+no authority for making conditions of any sort.' Nor has Monsieur Las
+Cases ever started such an idea till the day before yesterday. That it
+was not the feeling of Buonaparte, or the rest of his people, I will
+give strong proof, drawn from the conversations they have held with
+me.
+
+"As I never heard the subject mentioned till two days ago, I shall not
+detail every conversation that has passed, but confine myself to that
+period.
+
+"The night that the squadron anchored at the back of Berryhead,
+Buonaparte sent for me about 10 P.M. and said he was informed by
+Bertrand, that I had received orders to remove him to the
+Northumberland, and wished to know if that was the case; on being told
+that it was, he requested I would write a letter to Bertrand, stating
+I had such orders, that it might not appear that he went of his own
+accord, but that he had been forced to do so. I told him, I could have
+no objection, and wrote a letter to that effect (a copy of which is
+here annexed), which your Lordship afterwards sanctioned, and desired
+me, if he required it, to give him a copy of the order.
+
+"After having arranged that matter, I was going to withdraw, when he
+requested me to remain, as he had something more to say: he then began
+complaining of his treatment in being forced to go to St Helena: among
+other things, he observed, 'They say I made no conditions: certainly,
+I made no conditions: how could a private man (_un particulier_) make
+conditions with a nation? I wanted nothing from them but hospitality,
+or (as the ancients would express it) air and water. I threw myself on
+the generosity of the English nation; I claimed a place _sur leurs
+foyers_, and my only wish was to purchase a small estate and end my
+life in tranquillity.' After more of the same sort of conversation I
+left him for the night.
+
+"On the morning he removed from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland,
+he sent for me again, and said, 'I have sent for you to express my
+gratitude for your conduct to me, while I have been on board the ship
+you command. My reception in England has been very different from what
+I expected; but you throughout have behaved like a man of honour; and
+I request you will accept my thanks, as well as convey them to the
+officers, and ship's company of the Bellerophon.'
+
+"Soon afterwards Montholon came to me from Buonaparte; but, to
+understand what passed between him and me, I must revert to a
+conversation that I had with Madame Bertrand on the passage from
+Rochefort.
+
+"It is not necessary to state how the conversation commenced, as it
+does not apply to the present transaction; but she informed me, that
+it was Buonaparte's intention to present me with a box containing his
+picture set with diamonds. I answered, 'I hope not, for I cannot
+receive it.' 'Then you will offend him very much,' she said. 'If that
+is the case,' I replied, 'I request you will take measures to prevent
+its being offered, as it is absolutely impossible I can accept of it;
+and I wish to spare him the mortification, and myself the pain, of a
+refusal.' There the matter dropt, and I heard no more of it, till
+about half an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon, when
+Montholon came to me, and said he was desired by Buonaparte to express
+the high sense he entertained of my conduct throughout the whole of
+the transaction: that it had been his intention to present me with a
+box containing his portrait, but that he understood I was determined
+not to accept it. I said, 'Placed as I was, I felt it impossible to
+receive a present from him, though I was highly flattered at the
+testimony he had borne to the uprightness of my conduct throughout.'
+Montholon then added, 'One of the greatest causes of chagrin he feels
+in not being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent, is, that
+he had determined to ask as a favour, your being promoted to the rank
+of Rear-Admiral.' To which I replied, 'That would have been quite
+impossible, but I do not the less feel the kindness of the intention.'
+I then said, 'I am hurt that Las Cases should say I held forth any
+assurances as to the reception Buonaparte was to meet with in
+England.' 'Oh!' said he, 'Las Cases is disappointed in his
+expectations; and as he negotiated the affair, he attributes the
+Emperor's situation to himself: but I can assure you, that he
+(Buonaparte) feels convinced you have acted like a man of honour
+throughout.'
+
+"As your Lordship overheard part of a conversation which took place
+between Las Cases and me on the quarter-deck of the Bellerophon, I
+shall not detail it; but on that occasion, I positively denied having
+promised anything as to the reception of Buonaparte and his suite; and
+I believe your Lordship was of opinion he could not make out the
+statement to you.
+
+"It is extremely unpleasant for me to be under the necessity of
+entering into a detail of this sort; but the unhandsome representation
+Monsieur Las Cases has made to your Lordship of my conduct, has
+obliged me to produce proofs of the light in which the transaction was
+viewed by Buonaparte as well as his attendants.
+
+"I again repeat, that Captains Gambier and Sartorius can verify the
+principal part of what I have stated, as far as concerns the charge
+made against me by Count Las Cases.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                      Your Lordship's
+                             Most obedient humble servant,
+                                               FREDERICK L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+                                           "Slaney, in Plymouth Sound,
+                                                    15th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have read Captain Maitland's letter to your Lordship, of the 8th
+instant, containing his observations upon the assertions made on the
+preceding day by Count Las Cases; and I most fully attest the
+correctness of the statement he has made, so far as relates to the
+conversations that took place in my presence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     Your Lordship's
+                                Most obedient humble servant,
+                                                      G. R. SARTORIUS,
+                                              Capt. of H.M.S. Slaney."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+A letter to the same effect as the foregoing was written to Lord
+Keith, by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, and forwarded by his
+Lordship to the Admiralty, with my report; of which, by some accident,
+the Admiral's secretary did not furnish me with a copy.
+
+
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+
+I.
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS borne on the Books of H.M.S. Bellerophon in July
+1815.
+
+  Captain Fred. L. Maitland.
+  Lieutenant Andrew Mott.[15]
+    "        William Walford.
+    "        John Bowerbank.
+    "        Gabriel Christie.
+    "        Edward William Ramsay.
+  Captain of Marines, George Marshall.
+  Lieutenant of Marines, J. W. Simpson.
+    "                    Henry Smith.
+  Master, Stephen Vale.
+  Surgeon, Barry O'Meara.
+  Assistant-Surgeon, A. Milne.
+    "                E. Graebke.
+  Chaplain, J. W. Wynne.
+  Purser, George Jackson.
+
+         [Footnote 15: "Our new first lieutenant, Mr Andrew Mott, was
+         the best officer I ever saw in charge of a quarter-deck. I
+         often wondered when that man slept, eat, or dressed himself,
+         for he was hardly ever missed from deck, was always fresh and
+         vigorous, and his dress and appearance would, at any time,
+         have done honour to the queen's drawing-room. Maitland was,
+         withal, rather a little easy-going, and it occurred to me
+         that, knowing his defect in this way, he contrived always to
+         get a tolerable tartar of a first lieutenant, so that between
+         the captain's good nature and the lieutenant's severity,
+         which he occasionally checked and tempered when he thought
+         the lieutenant was likely to exceed bounds, the ship was kept
+         in capital discipline."--Home's _Memoirs_, p. 209.]
+
+
+II.
+
+Letter from EPHRAIM GRAEBKE, assistant-surgeon on board H.M.S.
+Bellerophon, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's surrender
+(British Museum, Additional MSS. 34,710, f. 81).
+
+
+                                   H.M.S. Bellerophon, Plymouth Sound,
+                                               Tuesday, July 30, 1815.
+
+MY DEAR MOTHER,
+
+You will be surprised at not hearing from me, and knowing the
+Bellerophon's arrival in England, but when I tell you no private
+letters were allowed to leave the ship before to-day, that will cease.
+It's unnecessary to say that we have got Buonaparte and suite on
+board, as it was known in England previous to our arrival, which took
+place on the 24th instant in Torbay. The circumstances which led to
+his surrender were his defeats in all points, and was it not for the
+strict blockade we kept up would [_sic_] have escaped to America. We
+heard of his being on board the French frigate Saale off Rochfort,
+from which moment we watched his movements if possible more closely
+than before. On the morning of the 14th instant, observing a schooner
+bearing a flag of truce on board standing towards us, we hove to for
+her, when Count Lascazas and General Lallemande came on board with
+proposals from Buonaparte, in consequence of which we came to anchor
+in the evening in the roads off Rochelle. Next morning, 15th instant,
+at 4 A.M. observed a man-of-war brig standing out and beating towards
+us, we immediately dispatched all our boats. Lieut. Mott in the barge
+brought Buonaparte on board at 7, the boats were busily employed in
+bringing his retinue and baggage, and I never saw men exert themselves
+so much as ours did that day, lest Admiral Hotham should take him, as
+he was off the harbour in the Superb, and saw him coming on board
+here, and did all in his power to get in, but did not come to anchor
+before 11 in the forenoon. Buonaparte is a fine-looking man, inclined
+to corpulency, is five feet six inches in height, his hair turning
+grey, and a little bald on the crown of the head, no whiskers,
+complexion French yellow, eyes grey, Roman nose, good mouth and chin,
+neck short, big belly, arms stout, small white hands, and shews a good
+leg. He wears a cocked hat somewhat like our old-fashioned three
+cornered ones, with the tri-coloured cockade in it, plain green coat,
+cape red, and cuffs the same, plain gold epaulets, and a large star on
+the left breast, white waistcoat and breeches and white silk
+stockings, thin shoes and buckles. Eats but two meals in the day,
+breakfast and dinner, and these are sumptuous, fish, flesh, and fowl,
+wines, fruit, various French dishes &c. &c. He breakfasts about eleven
+and dines at six, is about half an hour at each, when he generally
+comes on deck or goes into the after-cabin to study. We do not know
+what's to be done with him yet, he remains on board until we hear from
+the allies. In his suite are Marshal Bertrand, Duc de Rovigo [Savary]
+once the French minister of police, Counts Lascazas and Montholon,
+Generals Lallemande and Gourgou, several Lieut.-Colonels and Captains,
+to enumerate them would be tedious. We have 33 on board, 17 were sent
+on board the Myrmidon, Captn. Gambier. There are two Countesses on
+board, but not to be compared even to our English ladies. Their
+children are handsome.... We performed the comedy of the "Poor
+Gentleman" before Buonaparte and suite. I acted the part of Corporal
+Foss. It went off very well, our scenery was excellent. The female
+dresses were badly suited for Midshipmen. I long to hear from you and
+will expect to hear all the news.... I wish you were all here to see
+Buonaparte, the curiosity of all ranks to see him is excessive. There
+are Admiralty orders not to allow any person whatever on board, but
+they crowd in boats round the ship, and he very condescendingly stands
+looking at them through a spyglass. There are two frigates, one on
+each side of us, the Eurotas and Liffey, and their boats are
+constantly rowing about the ship to keep off the boats. We prisoners
+have no other amusement than to look at them contending for places. I
+hope we will soon be allowed to go ashore, as I want to see Captain
+Sandys. You must be tired reading this long epistle. We took some
+prizes, one ship laden with Buonaparte's soldiers, one chasse mar�e
+laden with resin, and the Cephulus man-of-war brig sent in a West
+Indiaman laden with sugar, coffee, &c. from Martinique bound to
+France, and for which we will share by mutual agreements. Give my
+affectionate love to Ally, Anne, Wilhelmina, Sophia and Jane. I know
+the want of not being near them as my shirts are going to pieces, as
+soon as I can afford the sum I will get some new ones. I have the old
+number the same as when I left you and bought none since.... I remain,
+my dear mother, your affectionate son,
+
+                                                      EPHRAIM GRAEBKE.
+
+_P.S._--I think myself very lucky to belong to the old Bellerophon at
+this important time. Lose no time in answering this letter.
+
+  Mrs GRAEBKE,
+  MIDLETON, CO. CORK.
+
+
+III.
+
+Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, and Reminiscences of the
+Emperor Napoleon, by a Midshipman of the Bellerophon_ [George Home].
+London, Whittaker & Co., and Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 1838.
+
+
+About six in the morning, the look-out man at the mast-head announced
+a large ship of war standing direct in for the roadstead, which
+Captain Maitland, suspecting to be the Superb, bearing the flag of
+Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, he gave immediate orders to hoist out the
+barge, and dispatched her, under the command of the first lieutenant,
+to the French brig, being apprehensive that if the Admiral arrived
+before the brig got out, that Napoleon would deliver himself up to the
+Admiral instead of us, and thus have lost us so much honour.
+
+As our barge approached, the brig hove to, and from the moment she
+came alongside, we watched every motion with deep anxiety. Like all
+Napoleon's movements, he was not slow even in this, his last free act.
+The barge had not remained ten minutes alongside, before we saw the
+rigging of the brig crowded with men, persons stepping down the side
+into the boat, and the next moment she shoved off, and gave way for
+the ship; while the waving of the men's hats in the rigging, and the
+cheering which we heard faintly in the distance, left no doubt that
+the expected guest was approaching. A general's guard of marines was
+ordered aft on the quarter-deck, and the boatswain stood, whistle in
+hand, ready to do the honours of the side. The lieutenants stood
+grouped first on the quarter-deck, and we more humble middies behind
+them, while the captain, evidently in much anxiety, kept trudging
+backwards and forwards between the gangway and his own cabin,
+sometimes peeping out at one of the quarter-deck ports, to see if the
+barge was drawing near.
+
+It is a sin to mix up any trifling story with so great an event; but a
+circumstance occurred so laughable of itself, rendered more so from
+the solemnity of the occasion, that I cannot resist mentioning it.
+While in this state of eager expectation, a young midshipman, one of
+the Bruces of Kennet, I think, walked very demurely up to Manning, the
+boatswain, who was standing all importance at the gangway, and after
+comically eyeing his squat figure and bronzed countenance, Bruce
+gently laid hold of one of his whiskers, to which the boatswain
+good-naturedly submitted, as the youngster was a great favourite with
+him.
+
+"Manning," says he, most sentimentally, "this is the proudest day of
+your life; you are this day to do the honours of the side to the
+greatest man the world ever produced or ever will produce."
+
+Here the boatswain eyed him with proud delight.
+
+"And along with the great Napoleon, the name of Manning, the
+boatswain of the Bellerophon, will go down to the latest posterity;
+and, as a relic of that great man, permit me, my dear Manning, to
+preserve a lock of your hair."
+
+Here he made an infernal tug at the boatswain's immense whisker, and
+fairly carried away a part of it, making his way through the crowd,
+and down below with the speed of an arrow. The infuriated boatswain,
+finding he had passed so rapidly from the sublime to the ridiculous,
+through the instrumentality of this imp of a youngster, could vent his
+rage in no way but by making his glazed hat spin full force after his
+tantalizer, with a "G--d d----n your young eyes and limbs." The hat,
+however, fell far short of young Bruce, and the noise and half burst
+of laughter the trick occasioned drew the attention of the Captain,
+who, coming up, with a "What, what's all this?" the poor boatswain was
+glad to draw to his hat and resume his position.
+
+The barge approached, and ranged alongside. The first lieutenant came
+up the side, and to Maitland's eager and blunt question, "Have you got
+him?" he answered in the affirmative. After the lieutenant came
+Savary, followed by Marshal Bertrand, who bowed and fell back a pace
+on the gangway to await the ascent of their master. And now came the
+little great man himself, wrapped up in his gray greatcoat buttoned to
+the chin, three-cocked hat and Hussar boots, without any sword, I
+suppose as emblematical of his changed condition. Maitland received
+him with every mark of respect, as far as look and deportment could
+indicate; but he was _not_ received with the respect due to a crowned
+head, which was afterwards insidiously thrown out against Maitland. So
+far from that, the captain, on Napoleon's addressing him, only moved
+his hat, as to a general officer, and remained covered while the
+Emperor spoke to him. His expressions were brief, I believe only
+reiterating what he had stated the day previous in his letter to the
+Prince Regent, "That he placed himself under the protection of the
+British nation, and under that of the British commander as the
+representative of his sovereign." The captain again moved his hat, and
+turned to conduct the Emperor to the cabin. As he passed through the
+officers assembled on the quarter-deck, he repeatedly bowed slightly
+to us, and smiled. What an ineffable beauty there was in that smile,
+his teeth were finely set, and as white as ivory, and his mouth had a
+charm about it that I have never seen in any other human countenance.
+I marked his fine robust figure as he followed Captain Maitland into
+the cabin, and, boy as I was, I said to myself, "Now have I a tale for
+futurity."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I shall never forget that morning we made Ushant. I had come on deck
+at four in the morning to take the morning watch, and the washing of
+decks had just begun, when, to my astonishment, I saw the Emperor come
+out of the cabin at that early hour, and make for the poop-ladder. Had
+I known what human misery is as well as I do now, when I have myself
+experienced the most cruel injustice and persecution on a lesser
+scale, the restlessness of Napoleon, or his being unable to close an
+eye, would have in no way surprised me. If a petty care can break our
+sleep, what must have been _his_ feeling who had lost the fairest
+empire on the face of the globe; nay, who had lost a world? From the
+wetness of the decks, he was in danger of falling at every step, and I
+immediately stepped up to him, hat in hand, and tendered him my arm,
+which he laid hold of at once, smiling, and pointing to the poop,
+saying in broken English, "the poop, the poop"; he ascended the
+poop-ladder leaning on my arm; and having gained the deck, he quitted
+his hold and mounted upon a gun-slide, nodding and smiling thanks, for
+my attention, and pointing to the land he said, "Ushant, Cape Ushant."
+I replied, "Yes, sire," and withdrew. He then took out a pocket-glass
+and applied it to his eye, looking eagerly at the land. In this
+position, he remained from five in the morning to nearly mid-day,
+without paying any attention to what was passing around him, or
+speaking to one of his suite, who had been standing behind him for
+several hours.
+
+No wonder he thus gazed, it was the last look of the land of his
+glory, and I am convinced he felt it such. What must have been his
+feelings in those few hours, how painful the retrospect, and how awful
+the look forward!--_there_ still lay before him that land which he had
+made so famous, where his proud name had risen until it "o'ershadowed
+the earth with his fame"; there had he been worshipped almost as a
+god, and bowed to by every servile knee, that now, in the hour of
+bitter adversity, had basely deserted and betrayed him. Never man was
+read such a lesson as must have passed before him in that brief space,
+unless, really, that the greatness of the change, the suddenness of
+the fall had benumbed all feeling, and left him only a mass of
+contending passions which combated and stilled each other by the very
+violence of their working. But this was not the case with Napoleon,
+his emotion was visible, he hung upon the land until it looked only a
+speck in the distance, and then, turning, stepped from the gun-slide
+into the arms of his faithful Bertrand, who stood ready to receive his
+fallen master. He uttered not a word as he tottered down the
+poop-ladder, his head hung heavily forward, so as to render his
+countenance scarcely visible, and in this way he was conducted to his
+cabin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Amongst other plans for killing the time, and lightening the tedium of
+a sea passage to the refugees, we bethought us of getting up a play.
+This was managed by one of the lieutenants of marines, a fellow of
+great taste, and some one or two of the midshipmen, who pretended to
+skill in the Shakespearian art. What the piece was I do not recollect,
+but when it was announced to the Emperor, by Captain Maitland, and the
+immortal honour of his imperial presence begged, for a few minutes, he
+laughed very heartily, consented instantly; and turning to Lady
+Bertrand, told her that she must stand his interpreter. The stage was
+fitted up between decks, more, I am afraid, in ship-shape than
+theatrical style; and, sure enough, Napoleon and his whole suite
+attended. He was much amused with those who took the female parts,
+which, by the way, was the most smooth-chinned of our young gentlemen,
+remarking that they were rather a little Dutch built for fine ladies;
+and, after good-naturedly sitting for nearly twenty minutes, he rose,
+smiled to the actors, and retired. I mention these circumstances, by
+way of showing the last glimpses of sunshine that enlivened the
+exile's closing scene.
+
+On the 23rd, we made the land; and, on the 24th, at seven P.M., we
+came to an anchor in Torbay, when the first lieutenant was immediately
+put on shore, with orders to proceed by land to Plymouth, with
+dispatches for Lord Keith, at that time admiral on the Plymouth
+station.
+
+I happened to be midshipman of the boat, which conveyed the first
+lieutenant on shore; and no sooner had we got clear of him, than I was
+taken prisoner by some twenty young ladies, marched off to a fine
+house in the little town, regaled with tea and clouted cream, and
+bored with five thousand questions about Napoleon, the ridiculousness
+of which I have often laughed at since. "What like was he--was he
+really a man? Were his hands and clothes all over blood when he came
+on board? Was it true that he had killed three horses in riding from
+Waterloo to the Bellerophon? Were we not all frightened for him? Was
+his voice like thunder? Could I possibly get them a sight of the
+monster, just that they might be able to say they had seen him?" etc.
+etc. I assured those inquisitive nymphs, that the reports they had
+heard were all nonsense; that the Emperor was not only a man, but a
+very handsome man too; young withal, had no more blood upon his hands
+or clothes than was now upon their pure white dresses; that if by
+chance they got a look of him at the gangway, they would fall in love
+with him directly; that so far from his hands being red with blood,
+they were as small, white, and soft as their own charming fingers, and
+his voice, instead of resembling thunder, was as sweet and musical as
+their own. This account of the Emperor's beauty perfectly astonished
+the recluses of Torbay; some misbelieved altogether, while the
+curiosity of others was excited beyond all bounds. A general
+proposition was now made, that I should bundle them, like live cattle,
+into my little cutter, and take them all on board to gratify their
+curiosity at once. This was quite contrary to orders. Not a soul was
+allowed to come on board the ship, and I had to plead a thousand
+excuses for my want of gallantry, in not complying with the very
+natural wish of my young companions. As far as I was concerned,
+resistance was vain; I was again seized, hurried down to the boat, and
+had the pleasure of seeing it filled to cramming with the charmers of
+Torbay. This was a devil of a mess;--I might as well have gone into
+the mouth of a cannon, as have carried such a cargo alongside the
+ship,--the thing was impossible. So I had nothing for it, but to call
+aside the boat's crew, and whisper to them to use gentle violence with
+my young boarders, and set them down on shore. This was glorious fun
+to Jack;--to work they fell, and in the midst of screams, laughter,
+and a few d----n my eyes, ma'am, don't kick so hard, on the part of
+the Bellerophons, we had our nymphs safely deposited on terra firma,
+and were off in a trice, enjoying the general discomfiture of the poor
+ladies, who were equally laughed at by the lookers-on, on shore.... We
+left Torbay, on the 26th July at 4 A.M., and at 4 in the evening came
+to an anchor in Plymouth Sound, just within the breakwater, then only
+beginning to shew its head above water at low tide. It has since, I am
+told, been made a splendid affair; but it then only afforded footing
+for a few gazers from the shore, who perched themselves upon it to
+watch the cabin-windows of the Bellerophon, in hopes of getting a
+glimpse of the Emperor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The signal for the Emperor's being on deck was the officers
+uncovering. No sooner was this ceremony noticed, than the rush from
+without took place, and the screaming and swearing commenced, which
+was very considerably heightened upon one occasion by a plan of some
+of our wise-headed young gentlemen. Being in want of amusement, they
+bethought them of priming the fire engine, which happened to be
+standing on the poop, and after clapping a relay of hands ready to ply
+it to advantage, we uncovered, and waited the approach of the boats.
+No sooner were they within reach, than off went the water-spout, which
+fell "alike on the just and the unjust," for both the dockyard men and
+the spectators who came within its compass got a good ducking. This
+prank created an infernal confusion, and our trick having been twigged
+by the first lieutenant, the chief actors in this notable exploit were
+ordered up to the mast-head to enjoy their frolic for a few hours,
+which evidently much gratified the unfortunate sufferers from the
+effects of the operation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Maitland, knowing how he stood with "the powers that be," was
+determined not to commit himself by accepting of any present of value
+from Napoleon, as he knew it would be directly made a handle of to
+injure his character as a British officer. He, therefore, I believe,
+refused to accept of a gold snuff-box tendered him by the Emperor as a
+mark of his esteem, but he did not refuse the offer of a few dozens of
+French wine, as a present to Mrs Maitland, who had been personally
+introduced to Napoleon, as far as introduction was possible, that is,
+she had been permitted to come within a foot or two of the ship, and
+Napoleon most condescendingly stepped to the gangway, smiled and bowed
+to her. Mrs Maitland was a charming little woman in those
+days,--alas! we are all getting old now,--a daughter of green Erin,
+and Napoleon seemed greatly pleased with her appearance, hence the
+offer of this trifling present as a token of respect. The captain took
+it on shore in the gig, and no sooner had she struck the beach than
+the custom-house officers jumped on board, and made a seizure of it,
+hauled the boat up upon the beach, and clapped his Majesty's broad
+arrow upon her, that fatal mark indicative of being in "the hands of
+the Philistines" of the revenue. I shall never forget Maitland's
+countenance when he came on board after this ridiculous and provoking
+affair. Being deprived of his own boat by "the land-sharks," he was
+obliged to hire a shore boat to bring off himself and his boat's crew,
+and she was nearly alongside before the first lieutenant discovered
+that there was a naval officer in her, and on taking a look with his
+glass, he exclaimed, "Good God! there is the captain coming off in a
+shore boat." The side was manned, and when Maitland stepped on board,
+he turned to Mott with a most rueful countenance, remarking, "they
+have seized the wine." This was petty work, and to make the thing more
+provoking, they had poor Maitland stuck up next day in the Plymothian
+journals as having been detected in the act of conveying wine and
+other presents on shore, received from Napoleon. What was the fate of
+the wine, I do not know, but the gig, of course, was restored
+immediately, and I should suppose the wine also, considering the
+shameful nature of the seizure.
+
+On the 4th of August we left Plymouth Sound in company with the
+Tonnant, bearing the flag of Admiral Lord Keith, and on the 6th we
+came to an anchor off Berryhead, there to wait the arrival of the
+Northumberland, which was hourly expected. She made her appearance in
+the course of the day, and after due salutes from both admiral's
+ships, in which noisy greeting we of course joined, for we are very
+polite at sea, in our own thundering way, she took up her station
+close by us.
+
+Towards evening Lord Keith came on board of us, and had a long
+personal interview with Napoleon in the cabin, which we may judge was
+not of the pleasantest nature. From some intemperate threat of Savary,
+I believe, who had declared that he would not allow his master to
+leave the Bellerophon alive, to go into such wretched captivity, it
+was judged proper to deprive the refugees of their arms. A good many
+swords, and several brace of pistols, marked with a large silver N. at
+the butt end, were brought down to the gun-room, where they remained
+for some hours. Three of the swords belonged to Napoleon, and two of
+them were pointed out to us as those he wore at Marengo and
+Austerlitz.
+
+I never in my life felt such a strong inclination to lay my hands on
+what was not my own. A sword I durst not think of, but could I have
+got a brace of pistols, or even one solitary pistol, belonging to
+Napoleon, I would have thought myself the happiest man alive; but it
+would not do, detection was certain, and with bitter vexation I saw
+them carried out of the gun-room. Now, reader, do you think this
+would have been a pardonable theft? Their value was nothing in my
+eyes; it was a relic of the great man I wanted, and I cared not what
+it was, or how I came by it; therefore, had I been able to secure a
+pistol, my conscience would never have smote me with having done
+wrong; and I am sure, could the Emperor have known with what a pure
+spirit of devotion I meant to commit the theft, he would have ordered
+me a brace instantly.
+
+It was this night settled that our surgeon, Barry O'Meara, who
+afterwards became so conspicuous for his spirited defence of his
+patient against the tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe (I hate to write that
+man's name,) should follow Napoleon to St Helena in the character of
+surgeon, his own, who looked a poor creature, and was continually
+sea-sick while on board, having declined, I believe, to accompany him
+farther, and the 7th was appointed for Napoleon leaving the ship.
+
+The 7th came; it was a dull cloudy sunless day, and every countenance
+was overcast with gloom. We had not seen the Emperor for a week, and
+we were all anxious to observe the change that the horrible tidings of
+his destination had made upon him. Lord Keith, Admiral Cockburn, and
+Captain Ross, came on board about eleven o'clock; and it was intimated
+to Napoleon, that they were ready to conduct him on board the
+Northumberland. A general's guard of marines was drawn up on the
+quarter-deck, to receive him as he came out of the cabin; while part
+of his suite, and we officers, were ranged about, anxiously waiting
+the appearance of the future exile of St Helena.
+
+Napoleon was long of attending to the intimation of the Admiral's; and
+upon Cockburn's becoming impatient, and remarking to old Lord Keith
+that he should be put in mind, Keith replied, "No, no, much greater
+men than either you or I have waited longer for him before now; let
+him take his time, let him take his time." This was nobly said of the
+fine old Scotchman; and although Cockburn and I are blood relations,
+and I have a particular penchant for my lineage, I cannot help
+remarking that his manner denoted a great want of feeling. I suppose
+he was pitched upon by Castlereagh as a proper tool to execute his
+harsh commands.
+
+At length Napoleon appeared, but oh, how sadly changed from the time
+we had last seen him on deck. Though quite plain, he was scrupulously
+cleanly in his person and dress, but that had been forgot, his clothes
+were ill put on, his beard unshaved, and his countenance pale and
+haggard. There was a want of firmness in his gait; his brow was
+overcast, and his whole visage bespoke the deepest melancholy; and it
+needed but a glance to convince the most careless observer that
+Napoleon considered himself a doomed man. In this trying hour,
+however, he lost not his courtesy or presence of mind; instinctively
+he raised his hat to the guard of marines, when they presented arms as
+he passed, slightly inclined his head, and even smiled to us officers
+as he passed through us, returned the salute of the admirals with calm
+dignity, and, walking up to Captain Maitland, addressed him with great
+eagerness for nearly ten minutes.
+
+How distinct is every feature, every trait, every line of that
+majestic countenance in my mind's eye at this moment, now that
+two-and-twenty years have passed away; but who could witness such a
+scene and ever forget it? The Romans said that a "great man struggling
+with adversity was a sight that the gods looked on with pleasure."
+Here, indeed, was adversity, and here was true greatness struggling
+against it; but to a mere mortal it was a heart-rending sight. The
+ship's deck looked like a place of execution, and we only wanted the
+headsman, his block, and his axe, to complete the scene.
+
+The purport of his speech to Captain Maitland, was thanking _him_, his
+officers, and ship's company, for the polite attention he had received
+while on board of the Bellerophon, which he should ever hold in kind
+remembrance. Something more he would have said after the first pause,
+and a feeling of deep emotion laboured in his face, and swelled his
+breast, he looked earnestly in Maitland's face for a moment, as if he
+was about to renew his speech, but utterance seemed denied; and,
+slightly moving his hat in salutation, he turned to Savary and
+L'Allemand, who were not allowed to accompany him to St Helena, and
+spoke to them for a few minutes.
+
+What a horrid gloom overhung the ship: had his execution been about
+to take place there could not have prevailed a more dead silence, so
+much so, that had a pin fallen from one of the tops on the deck, I am
+convinced it would have been heard; and to any one who has known the
+general buzz of one of our seventy-fours, even at the quietest hour,
+it is a proof how deeply the attention of every man on board must have
+been riveted. Before leaving the ship he turned to us on the
+quarter-deck, once more waved his hand in token of adieu, took hold of
+the man-ropes, and walked down the side, taking his seat in the
+Northumberland's barge between Lord Keith and Admiral Cockburn.
+
+Even in this hour of hopeless misery, he lost not sight of that
+indescribable charm by which he won the hearts of men. On looking back
+to the ship he saw every head, that could get stuck out of a port,
+gazing after him; even the rough countenances of the men bespoke a
+sympathy for his cruel fate, and, apparently conscious of their
+feelings, the exiled chief again lifted his hat, and inclined his head
+to the gazing ship's company.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg e-Book of The Surrender of Napoleon; Author: Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland.</title>
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Surrender of Napoleon
+       Being the narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte, and
+              of his residence on board H.M.S. Bellerophon, with a detail
+              of the principal events that occurred in that ship between
+              the 24th of May and the 8th of August 1815
+
+Author: Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+Editor: William Kirk Dickson
+
+Release Date: May 23, 2009 [EBook #28934]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by StevenGibbs, Christine P. Travers and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<a id="img001" name="img001"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img001.jpg" width="350" height="421" alt="" title="">
+<p><span class="smcap">Frederick Lewis Maitland,</span> Esq.<br>
+Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon.<br>
+15 July 1813.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h1>THE<br>
+SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON</h1>
+
+<p class="center narrow5"><span class="smaller">BEING THE</span><br>
+  NARRATIVE OF THE SURRENDER OF BUONAPARTE, AND
+  OF HIS RESIDENCE ON BOARD H.M.S. BELLEROPHON,
+  WITH A DETAIL OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS THAT
+  OCCURRED IN THAT SHIP BETWEEN THE 24th OF MAY
+  AND THE 8th OF AUGUST 1815</p>
+
+<p class="p2 center smaller">BY</p>
+
+<h2>REAR-ADMIRAL<br>
+  SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND, K.C.B.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><i>A NEW EDITION</i><br>
+<span class="smaller"><i>EDITED, WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY</i></span><br>
+WILLIAM KIRK DICKSON</p>
+
+<p class="p4 center smaller">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS<br>
+  EDINBURGH AND LONDON<br>
+  MCMIV<br>
+  <i>All Rights reserved</i></p>
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagev" name="pagev"></a>(p. v)</span> NOTE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>After Sir Frederick Maitland's death in 1839 his papers passed into the
+hands of Lady Maitland, who liferented his property of Lindores in Fife
+until her death in 1865. They then passed with the property to Sir
+Frederick's nephew, Captain James Maitland, R.N., and on his death to
+his brother, Rear-Admiral Lewis Maitland, my father, from whom they came
+to me.</p>
+
+<p>The preparation of the present volume has been undertaken by Mr. Dickson
+at my request.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent"><span class="smcap">Lindores</span>, <i>December 9, 1903</i>.</p>
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagevii" name="pagevii"></a>(p. vii)</span> PREFACE.</h3>
+
+<p>"You are publishing a great and interesting national document.... The
+whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as ever was
+given of so interesting a transaction." So wrote Sir Walter Scott to
+Captain Maitland after reading the manuscript of his <i>Narrative of the
+Surrender of Buonaparte</i>. It is undoubtedly a historical document of the
+first importance, not only as a record of "words by an eyewitness" of an
+ever-memorable event, but as a vindication of the good faith of the
+British Government in its conduct towards Napoleon.</p>
+
+<p>In his Preface to the original edition, <span class="pagenum"><a id="pageviii" name="pageviii"></a>(p. viii)</span> published by Henry
+Colburn in 1826, Sir Frederick Maitland wrote:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Immediately after the extraordinary and interesting events took place
+which are here recorded, I was, by the earnest solicitations of my
+friends, induced to throw together the notes and memoranda in my
+possession, of the proceedings in which I bore so prominent a part. I
+was further led to undertake this task, so foreign to my usual
+occupations, in consequence of the many misrepresentations that appeared
+at that time, respecting the conduct of Buonaparte while on board the
+ship I commanded, as well as my treatment of him.</p>
+
+<p>"The following Narrative was then written solely for the private perusal
+of my friends, and not with a view to publication, many reasons
+combining, at that time, in my opinion, to render such a measure
+inexpedient.</p>
+
+<p>"I made it my study to state events exactly as they occurred, and, in
+doing so, <span class="pagenum"><a id="pageix" name="pageix"></a>(p. ix)</span> to avoid, as much as possible, all prejudice, either
+against or in favour of the extraordinary man whom it was my fortune to
+secure and bring to this country. It may appear surprising that a
+possibility could exist of a British officer being prejudiced in favour
+of one who had caused so many calamities to his country; but to such an
+extent did he possess the power of pleasing, that there are few people
+who could have sat at the same table with him for nearly a month, as I
+did, without feeling a sensation of pity, allied perhaps to regret, that
+a man possessed of so many fascinating qualities, and who had held so
+high a station in life, should be reduced to the situation in which I
+saw him.</p>
+
+<p>"Although many of the causes for withholding my Narrative from the
+public eye have long been removed, I had no intention of bringing it
+forward, until by accident it fell into the hands of a most celebrated
+literary character [Sir Walter Scott]. He <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagex" name="pagex"></a>(p. x)</span> did me the honour, on
+returning it, to express an opinion which I was not at all prepared to
+expect, and so strongly to recommend its being published, that however
+averse to appearing as an author, I have been induced, under the
+sanction of such high authority, to present it to the public."</p>
+
+<p class="p2">The text and notes of the edition of 1826 have been reprinted verbatim.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Walter Scott's notes on the MS. of the Narrative are among the
+papers at Lindores. They consist chiefly of verbal criticisms on Sir
+Frederick's original rough draft. Unfortunately it is no longer in
+existence, and most of Sir Walter's notes cannot be followed without it.
+A few of his comments are printed as footnotes, in square brackets, and
+a portion of his MS. is reproduced in facsimile at page 230.</p>
+
+<p>A sketch of Sir Frederick's life, chiefly based on the journals at
+Lindores, has been prefixed to the Narrative.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexi" name="pagexi"></a>(p. xi)</span> The Appendix of the original edition has been printed, with an
+additional Appendix, consisting of (1) a list of the officers serving on
+board the <i>Bellerophon</i> in July 1815, supplied by the courtesy of the
+Secretary to the Admiralty; (2) an unpublished letter from one of the
+assistant-surgeons of the <i>Bellerophon</i>, giving an account of Napoleon's
+surrender, recently acquired by the British Museum; and (3) several
+extracts from <i>Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of the
+Bellerophon</i>. This extraordinary book, published in 1838, was written by
+George Home, son of Lieutenant A. Home, R.N., who on the death of the
+last Earl of Marchmont claimed the Marchmont peerage. It contained
+violent attacks on various persons connected with the family of Home of
+Wedderburn, and in particular on Admiral Sir David Milne of Milne-Graden
+and Lady Milne. An action was raised against the author and publishers,
+and damages were awarded against the former. <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexii" name="pagexii"></a>(p. xii)</span> The book was
+withdrawn from circulation, and is now extremely scarce. Home served as
+a midshipman on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>, and his "hair-brained
+narrative," as he calls it, adds some interesting details to his
+captain's record.</p>
+
+<p>The frontispiece is from a portrait of Sir Frederick, painted by Samuel
+Woodford, R.A., and engraved by Henry Meyer. The original is now at
+Lindores.</p>
+
+<p>The portrait of Lady Maitland at page lxviii is from a miniature at
+Lindores. This is the miniature which hung in the cabin of the
+<i>Bellerophon</i>, and which was seen and commented on by Napoleon.</p>
+
+<p>The chart at page 1 is a slightly reduced copy of that in the original
+edition.</p>
+
+<p>The portrait of Napoleon at page 68 is from a sketch made on board the
+<i>Bellerophon</i> by Colonel Planat, <i>officier d'ordonnance</i> to the Emperor,
+and given by him to Captain Maitland.</p>
+
+<p>Mr Orchardson's well-known picture is <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexiii" name="pagexiii"></a>(p. xiii)</span> reproduced at page 108,
+by permission of the Fine Art Company. It contains portraits of most of
+the chief personages of the story.</p>
+
+<p>The picture of the <i>Bellerophon</i> at Plymouth at page 132 is reproduced,
+by permission of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, from the
+original by J. J. Chalon, R.A., now in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.</p>
+
+<p>As is mentioned at page 202 of the Narrative, Napoleon desired to
+present Captain Maitland with a box containing his portrait set in
+diamonds. On Maitland's declining, in the circumstances, to accept any
+present of value, the Emperor begged him to keep as a souvenir a tumbler
+from his travelling case, bearing the crown and cipher of the Empress
+Josephine. This relic is still preserved at Lindores. A photograph of it
+is given at page 202.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">W. K. D.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexv" name="pagexv"></a>(p. xv)</span> CONTENTS.</h3>
+
+
+<ul class="toc none">
+<li>&nbsp;<span class="ralign5">Page</span></li>
+
+<li>MEMOIR OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#pagexxv">xxv</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>NARRATIVE.</h5>
+
+<p class="narrow5 smaller">[<i>The summary of the contents of the Narrative given here
+  is that prefixed to the original edition. Sir Walter Scott's
+  notes are printed at pp. <a href="#page070">70</a>, <a href="#page084">84</a>, <a href="#page155">155</a>, <a href="#page165">165</a>, <a href="#page208">208</a>, <a href="#page223">223</a>, <a href="#page225">225</a>, and
+  <a href="#page229">229</a>.</i>]</p>
+
+<ul class="toc none">
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland</span> sets sail in the <i>Bellerophon</i>, with
+  sealed instructions                                                 <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page001">1</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He arrives off</span> l'Isle Dieu. Proceeds off Rochefort                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page002">2</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Reconnoitres the French</span> ships of war under l'Isle
+  d'Aix                                                               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page003">3</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Is joined by the</span> <i>Cephalus</i>           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page004">4</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland</span> hears of the victory of Waterloo.
+  On June 30 receives a communication, sent from
+  Bourdeaux within a quill, respecting the probable
+  flight of Buonaparte by sea        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page004">4</a>, <a href="#page005">5</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Blockades Rochefort,</span> Bourdeaux, and la Teste d'Arcasson        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page008">8</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Destroys his prizes</span>               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page009">9</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">A man and boy</span> in a flat punt saved          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page010">10</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexvi" name="pagexvi"></a>(p. xvi)</span> <span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland watches</span> the frigates at l'Isle d'Aix
+  closely                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page011">11</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Receives Sir Henry Hotham's</span> instructions   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page012">12</a>, <a href="#page013">13</a>, <a href="#page014">14</a>, <a href="#page016">16</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Mouche</i></span> schooner, with Savary and Las Cases
+  with a flag of truce, approaches the <i>Bellerophon</i>  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page021">21</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Secret orders</span> from Sir Henry Hotham     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page021">21</a>, <a href="#page022">22</a>, <a href="#page024">24</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Letter of Count Bertrand,</span> announcing Napoleon's intention
+  of sailing to North America              <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page026">26</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The captain's answer</span> to Bertrand       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page029">29</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Conversation with Savary</span> and Las Cases        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page031">31</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Receives private information</span> by a row-boat      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page035">35</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland</span> guards the Mamusson passage      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page036">36</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The white flag</span> is hoisted at Rochelle        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page037">37</a>, <a href="#page038">38</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Bellerophon</i></span> fires a royal salute      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page037">37</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The French frigates</span> appear ready to put to sea     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page038">38</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">English guard-boats</span> continue to row near the frigates      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page038">38</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">British flag of truce,</span> its colour         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page039">39</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Mouche</i> schooner,</span> with Las Cases and General
+  Lallemand, returns to the <i>Bellerophon</i>     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page039">39</a>, <a href="#page040">40</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Communication</span> delivered from Napoleon      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page042">42</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland's</span> reply                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page042">42</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte stated</span> to be at Rochefort, but is at l'Isle
+  d'Aix                                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page044">44</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Design for effecting</span> the escape of Buonaparte in a
+  cask on board of a Danish vessel         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page045">45</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Las Cases,</span> with General Gourgaud, returns to the
+  <i>Bellerophon</i>                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page046">46</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">They bring</span> an important letter from Bertrand      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page047">47</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">List of Napoleon's suite</span>           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page051">51</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The Emperor's letter</span> to H.R.H. the Prince Regent      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page054">54</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland</span> promises to receive Buonaparte     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page056">56</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Sartorius</span> is despatched to England, with a
+  letter from Captain Maitland, and with General
+  Gourgaud                     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page058">58</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Advice of Buonaparte's</span> wish to escape repeatedly
+  given                                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page062">62</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexvii" name="pagexvii"></a>(p. xvii)</span> <span class="mindent4">July 15, Napoleon</span> reaches the <i>Bellerophon</i>, in the
+  barge of that ship. He comes on board. His uniform
+  described                         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page067">67</a>, <a href="#page068">68</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Napoleon</span> cheered by the crew of <i>l'�pervier</i>    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page069">69</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">His address</span> to Captain Maitland        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page069">69</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The ship's officers</span> are introduced to him      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page071">71</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">His small knowledge</span> of English        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page072">72</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He examines</span> the <i>Bellerophon</i>       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page072">72</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Conversations</span> between Napoleon and Captain Maitland      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page073">73</a>, <a href="#page074">74</a>, <a href="#page075">75</a>, <a href="#page076">76</a>, <a href="#page090">90</a>, <a href="#page095">95</a>, <a href="#page106">106</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's</span> naval opinions    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page073">73</a>, <a href="#page074">74</a>, <a href="#page077">77</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Breakfast</span> on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page078">78</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham</span> arrives off Rochefort.
+  His conference with Captain Maitland           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page079">79</a>, <a href="#page080">80</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The Admiral</span> comes on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page081">81</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Conversation</span> at dinner                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page083">83</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's portable library</span> and camp bed     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page082">82</a>, <a href="#page084">84</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He breakfasts</span> on board the Admiral's ship    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page085">85</a>, <a href="#page091">91</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Attachment</span> for him evinced by the officers of his
+  suite                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page092">92</a>, <a href="#page228">228</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Bellerophon</i></span> sets sail for Torbay      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page093">93</a>, <a href="#page096">96</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte</span> speaks of Sir Sydney Smith           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page096">96</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The passage to England</span> described        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page098">98</a>, <a href="#page105">105</a>, <a href="#page107">107</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Card-parties</span>                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page099">99</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The captain's despatch</span> to Lord Keith     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page100">100</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">His conversation</span> with Countess Bertrand relative to
+  a portrait of Napoleon                <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page103">103</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Speaks with the <i>Swiftsure</i>,</span> Captain Webley     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Count Las Cases</span>             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">English coast in sight</span>            <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Bellerophon</i></span> anchors in Torbay      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page108">108</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's exclamation</span> on viewing the shore     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page108">108</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Admiral</span> Lord Keith's orders          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">English newspapers</span> read by Napoleon       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page112">112</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Observations</span> of Madame Bertrand       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page114">114</a>, <a href="#page120">120</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Persons refused admission</span> on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexviii" name="pagexviii"></a>(p. xviii)</span> <span class="mindent4">Lord Keith's approval</span> of Captain Maitland's line
+  of conduct                      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page116">116</a>, <a href="#page117">117</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Concourse</span> of spectators in boats         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page115">115</a>, <a href="#page118">118</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Remarks of Buonaparte</span> respecting the fishermen     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page119">119</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The ships sail</span> for Plymouth           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page119">119</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Observations</span> on the breakwater          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Communications</span> of civility interchanged between
+  Buonaparte and Lord Keith          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page117">117</a>, <a href="#page122">122</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Lord Keith's</span> precautions             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page123">123</a>, <a href="#page125">125</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte complains</span> of the guard-ships         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page127">127</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The Lords of the Admiralty</span> approve of Captain
+  Maitland's proceedings              <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page128">128</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Napoleon's letter</span> to the Regent is forwarded     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page129">129</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He is considered</span> as a general officer      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page130">130</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Orders received</span> from the Admiralty        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page130">130</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Sir Richard</span> and Lady Strachan come alongside the
+  ship                                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page131">131</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Napoleon's compliment</span> on seeing Mrs Maitland      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page132">132</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Admiral Lord Keith</span> is introduced to Napoleon     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Repugnance of the prisoners</span> to their banishment to
+  St Helena                           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page134">129</a>, <a href="#page134">134</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Crowd of boats</span> round the ship          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page135">135</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's habits</span> on board ship     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page136">136</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Bertrand, Savary,</span> and Lallemand fear proscription             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page137">137</a>, <a href="#page140">140</a>, <a href="#page142">142</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte</span> informed that he was to be sent to St
+  Helena                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Sir Henry Bunbury</span> visits him           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He complains bitterly</span>                <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page141">141</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He writes again</span> to the Regent         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page142">142</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland's</span> letter favourable to Savary and
+  Lallemand                 <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page145">145</a>, <a href="#page152">152</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte</span> shows himself on deck          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page147">147</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Countess Bertrand</span> much agitated at the thoughts of
+  her husband going to St Helena             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page149">149</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Lallemand</span> is reproved by Captain Maitland        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page150">150</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexix" name="pagexix"></a>(p. xix)</span> <span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's assertion</span> that "he would not go to St
+  Helena"                 <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page148">148</a>, <a href="#page151">151</a>, <a href="#page164">164</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Extravagant conversation</span> of the attendant generals    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page151">151</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Mr O'Meara</span>                        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Countess Bertrand</span> attempts to cast herself into the sea      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Her retrospect</span> of Buonaparte's conduct     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page154">154</a>, <a href="#page156">156</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Her impatience.</span> She writes to Lord Keith       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page155">155</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">She is overheard</span> by the generals          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page157">157</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's</span> inquiries as to St Helena       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page158">158</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Report of an attempt</span> to escape               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page159">159</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Rumour of an intention</span> of serving a Habeas Corpus to
+  bring Buonaparte ashore                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page162">162</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Ship prepared for sea</span>                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page162">162</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Northumberland</i></span> ordered to convey Buonaparte       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page162">162</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Bellerophon</i></span> weighs anchor          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Service of a subp&oelig;na</span> on Buonaparte frustrated by
+  keeping the lawyer at bay                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page165">165</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Note respecting</span> writs of Habeas Corpus and subp&oelig;nas     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page165">165</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte again</span> writes to the Regent         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page168">168</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He keeps entirely</span> to the cabin; prepares a protest       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page169">169</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's protest</span>              <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He declares himself</span> to be the guest of England, and
+  no prisoner                      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland's</span> observations thereon          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page174">174</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Conversation</span> on this subject with Count Las Cases         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte</span> speaks of the Army of the Loire, and of
+  his party                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Mr O'Meara</span> requested by Buonaparte to become his
+  surgeon                         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page179">179</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Northumberland</i></span> in sight       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Arms required</span> to be delivered up        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page181">181</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Lists of articles</span> essential for the Trench officers and
+  ladies forwarded to Plymouth               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Sir George Cockburn</span> is introduced to Buonaparte    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte</span> permitted to wear his sword      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexx" name="pagexx"></a>(p. xx)</span> <span class="mindent4">He requests an interview</span> with Captain Maitland        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He expresses his wish</span> of living on a small estate in
+  England                            <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page185">185</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He speaks in favour</span> of Savary and Lallemand      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page185">185</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Captain Maitland's</span> letter to Count Bertrand      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page186">186</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Lord Keith's</span> order to the captain to deliver up General
+  Buonaparte and others                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page187">187</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">General Gourgaud</span>                         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Countess Bertrand's</span> remonstrances         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page192">192</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">A misunderstanding</span> and reconciliation         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page193">193</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Napoleon returns thanks</span> to Captain Maitland      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page194">194</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He speaks with regard</span> of Count Bertrand        <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Search of the baggage</span>                         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page196">196</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The box of money</span> temporarily taken charge of         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page197">197</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Parting of Buonaparte</span> with the captain               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte,</span> accompanying Admiral Lord Keith,
+  quits the <i>Bellerophon</i>             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Count Montholon's</span> polite intimation to Captain
+  Maitland                           <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page201">201</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The captain declines</span> the present of a portrait         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page202">202</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Savary and Lallemand;</span> their affecting parting with
+  Napoleon in the presence of Captain Maitland         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The <i>Northumberland</i></span> sails for St Helena       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page204">204</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Description</span> of Napoleon Buonaparte          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page205">205</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">His manners and conversation</span>              <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page206">206</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Anecdotes</span>                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page207">207</a>, <a href="#page210">210</a>, <a href="#page215">215</a>, <a href="#page216">216</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">He speaks of his wife</span> and his son         <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Their pictures</span>                   <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page211">211</a>, <a href="#page212">212</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Conversation</span> respecting Kleber and Dessaix       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Napoleon's resources</span> in money               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page214">214</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">The midshipmen</span> act plays                 <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page217">217</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Buonaparte's observations</span> on the British cavalry, and
+  relative to the Duke of Wellington       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page218">218</a>, <a href="#page219">219</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Character of Count Bertrand</span>                <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page222">222</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Countess Bertrand,</span> a daughter of General Dillon     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page222">222</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Savary,</span> Duke of Rovigo, described               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page224">224</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxi" name="pagexxi"></a>(p. xxi)</span> <span class="mindent4">Savary, Lallemand,</span> and Planat are sent to Malta, and
+  allowed to go to Smyrna                     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Character of Lallemand</span>                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Count and Countess Montholon</span>                  <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">Count Las Cases</span> and his son                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page227">227</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>APPENDIX.</h5>
+
+<ul class="toc none">
+<li><span class="mindent4">On what terms Captain Maitland</span> received Buonaparte
+  on board his ship; and documents relating
+  thereto                                                            <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page231">231</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h5>ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.</h5>
+
+<ul class="toc none">
+<li><span class="mindent4">1. List of officers</span> borne on the books of H.M.S.
+  <i>Bellerophon</i> in July 1815                                    <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page241">241</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">2. Letter from Ephraim Graebke,</span> assistant-surgeon
+  on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>, to his mother, giving
+  an account of Napoleon's surrender, dated
+  July 30, 1815                                                      <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page242">242</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4">3. Extracts from</span> <i>Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman
+  of the Bellerophon</i> [George Home]                               <span class="ralign5"><a href="#page246">246</a></span></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxiii" name="pagexxiii"></a>(p. xxiii)</span> ILLUSTRATIONS.</h3>
+
+<ul class="toc none">
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Portrait of Sir Frederick Maitland</span><br>       <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img001"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></span>
+  From an engraving by Henry Meyer, after
+  Samuel Woodford, R.A.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Portrait of Lady Maitland</span><br>                <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img002">lxviii</a></span>
+  From a miniature at Lindores.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Chart of the Basque Roads</span>                     <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img003">1</a></span></li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Portrait of Napoleon</span><br>                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img004">68</a></span>
+  From a sketch taken on board the <i>Bellerophon</i>
+  by Colonel Planat.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Napoleon on board the Bellerophon</span><br>             <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img005">108</a></span>
+  From the picture by W. Q. Orchardson,
+  R.A., in the Tate Gallery.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">H.M.S. Bellerophon at Plymouth</span><br>                <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img006">132</a></span>
+  From the picture by J. J. Chalon, R.A.,
+  in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Tumbler given to Captain Maitland by
+  Napoleon</span><br>                                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img007">202</a></span>
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.</li>
+
+<li><span class="mindent4 smcap">Facsimile of part of Sir Walter Scott's
+  Notes on the "Narrative"</span><br>                          <span class="ralign5"><a href="#img008">230</a></span>
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxv" name="pagexxv"></a>(p. xxv)</span> MEMOIR<br>
+
+OF<br>
+
+SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The name of Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland has found a permanent place in
+history as that of the captor of Napoleon. Apart from the rare piece of
+good fortune which befell him in the Basque Roads in July 1815, his
+distinguished career of public service entitles him to an honourable
+place in the records of the British Navy.</p>
+
+<p>He was the third son of Captain the Hon. Frederick Lewis Maitland, R.N.,
+and was born at Rankeilour in Fife on September 7, 1777. His father,
+Captain Maitland, was the sixth son of Charles, sixth Earl of
+Lauderdale, grand-nephew of Charles II.'s famous minister, and was
+godson to Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxvi" name="pagexxvi"></a>(p. xxvi)</span> son of
+George II. He held various naval commands with distinction, served under
+Rodney in 1782, and between 1763 and 1775 commanded the royal yacht. He
+died in 1786, having been promoted rear-admiral just before his death.
+Maitland's mother, Margaret Dick, was the heiress of the family of
+Makgill of Rankeilour. The estates of that family were ultimately
+inherited by her eldest son, Charles Maitland.</p>
+
+<p>Young Maitland entered his father's profession at a very early age. He
+served as a midshipman, first under Captain George Duff in the <i>Martin</i>
+sloop-of-war, and afterwards with the Hon. Robert Forbes in the
+<i>Southampton</i> frigate, in which he was present at Lord Howe's great
+victory off Ushant on June 1, 1794,&mdash;the "glorious First of June." On
+April 5, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and appointed
+to the <i>Andromeda</i>, of 32 guns. From the <i>Andromeda</i> he was removed to
+the <i>Venerable</i>, the flagship of Admiral Duncan in the North Sea. In
+April 1797 he went out to the Mediterranean to join Lord St Vincent.</p>
+
+<p>St Vincent had been a friend of his father's, and had promised to
+promote him <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxvii" name="pagexxvii"></a>(p. xxvii)</span> as opportunity should occur. The flagship had
+her full complement of officers, so Maitland was appointed first
+lieutenant of the <i>Kingfisher</i>, a brig mounting 18 six-pounders and
+commanded by the Hon. Charles Herbert Pierrepont, afterwards Earl
+Manvers. In her he was present at the capture of four French privateers.
+With one of these, the <i>Betsey</i>, of 16 guns, a severe action was fought.
+When the prize-money for her capture was distributed, the crew of the
+<i>Kingfisher</i> subscribed �50 to present Maitland with a sword in
+recognition of his conduct.</p>
+
+<p>Pierrepont was promoted to post rank in December 1798, and appointed to
+the <i>Spartiate</i>, one of Nelson's prizes taken at the Nile. A few days
+after his departure the <i>Kingfisher</i>, under Maitland's command, was
+leaving the Tagus, when she grounded on Lisbon bar and became a total
+wreck. Maitland was tried by court-martial at Gibraltar, and acquitted
+of all blame in connection with her loss. Immediately after his trial he
+was appointed flag-lieutenant to Lord St Vincent.</p>
+
+<p>On June 23, 1799, the French and Spanish <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxviii" name="pagexxviii"></a>(p. xxviii)</span> fleets effected a
+junction at Cartagena, and in the following month they retired from the
+Mediterranean and took refuge in Brest. They passed the Straits of
+Gibraltar on July 7, when Maitland had an adventure which is described
+in Tucker's <i>Memoirs of Earl St Vincent</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"It is," he says, "an as yet untold anecdote of the presence of mind and
+courage of one of the highest-minded characters that ever adorned the
+British Navy, the late Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland.</p>
+
+<p>"At this period that gallant officer was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant; and when the fleets were first descried, Johnny Gilpin,
+as his lordship used to call him, was sent to order the <i>Penelope</i>, a
+little hired cutter, to go, count, and dodge them. The lieutenant
+commanding the cutter was found too ill to utter an order. But Mr
+Maitland, well knowing his Chief, and that this was service which must
+be done, at once assumed the command, and got the vessel under weigh. He
+stood over to Ceuta. The night was so pitchy dark and so calm that the
+cutter was unperceived by the enemy, and yet so close among them that
+the words <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxix" name="pagexxix"></a>(p. xxix)</span> of command in French and Spanish could be
+distinctly heard. At daybreak she was about gunshot distance from the
+whole Spanish fleet. When they saw her their admiral signalled a number
+of launches to tow a brig of 14 guns to attack her, but on their arrival
+within shot from the little <i>Penelope</i>, the reception she astonished
+them with was so spirited that the enemy dropped astern again and
+retired; and a faint hope of escape appeared, for, there being no wind,
+the cutter's boats were kept ahead all the forenoon, towing to the
+southward. Then every ship in that mighty fleet, except one frigate,
+actually turned their heads to the southward to give chase to the
+cutter. But the frigate stood to the northward, and as the afternoon's
+westerly breeze got up, it brought her down under studding-sails near
+the <i>Penelope</i>, before the air had reached her. When she was within
+cable's length, the frigate opened her broadside fire. Mr Maitland told
+the cutter's crew to lie down upon the deck till the frigate had
+discharged all her guns. The men lay down very smartly; but when ordered
+to rise, splice the top-sail braces, and get the vessel's <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxx" name="pagexxx"></a>(p. xxx)</span> head
+about, not a man of them would stir. 'Fighting,' they said, 'was not
+their employ; they were not hired for it, and, should they lose a limb,
+there was no provision for them;' and thus the frigate now renewing her
+fire, the little <i>Penelope</i> was taken.</p>
+
+<p>"To the honour of the Spanish admiral it must be added, that, having
+witnessed this bravery and heard that it was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant that had displayed it, he sent Mr Maitland in a cartel
+to Gibraltar, declaring him free without exchange."</p>
+
+<p>Tucker, who wrote in 1844, was not quite correct in saying that the
+anecdote was "as yet untold." It had been given long before in
+Marshall's <i>Naval Biography</i>. Marshall mentions, among other details,
+that "the <i>Penelope</i> had on board a sum of money intended for Minorca,
+which it was not deemed advisable to remove, under the pressing urgency
+for her immediate departure from Gibraltar. When her crew found there
+was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they made an attempt
+to plunder the treasure, which Lieutenant Maitland most honourably and
+successfully <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxi" name="pagexxxi"></a>(p. xxxi)</span> resisted, alleging that as public property it
+was the lawful prize of the captors."</p>
+
+<p>Lord St Vincent returned to England in August 1799, accompanied by
+Maitland. On reaching Portsmouth he heard of an explosion of shells
+which had taken place in May on board the <i>Theseus</i>, 74, resulting in
+the death of her commander, Captain Ralph Willet Miller. A vacancy had
+thus occurred in the Mediterranean before the admiral quitted that
+station. He used his privilege as commander-in-chief and promoted
+Maitland to the rank of commander in the <i>Cameleon</i> sloop-of-war, the
+promotion to date from June 14. Maitland at once went out to join his
+new ship, which was then on the coast of Egypt under Sir Sidney Smith.
+After the signing of the convention of El Arish he was sent home with
+despatches. He returned and regained his ship, in which he made several
+captures.</p>
+
+<p>On December 10, 1800, he was appointed by Lord Keith to the <i>Wassenaar</i>,
+64. As she was then lying at Malta unfit for service, he obtained
+permission to accompany Sir Ralph Abercromby's expedition to Egypt.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxii" name="pagexxxii"></a>(p. xxxii)</span> The fleet anchored in Aboukir Bay on the 2nd of March 1801.
+On the 8th, Abercromby effected a landing in face of a large and
+strongly posted French force. To Maitland fell the duty of commanding
+the armed launches employed to cover the landing. The enemy were driven
+from their positions, and retired towards Alexandria with the loss of
+seven guns. Abercromby at once followed them up, and advanced on the
+neck of sand lying between the sea and the Lake of Aboukir, leaving a
+distance of about four miles between the English and French camps. On
+the 13th he again attacked the French, and forced them back upon their
+lines before Alexandria. The right flank of the British force rested on
+the sea, the left on the Lake of Aboukir, and the flanks were covered by
+a naval flotilla, the boats on the sea being under Maitland's command,
+and those on the lake under that of Captain James Hillyar. Seven days
+later Sir Sidney Smith, who commanded the naval battalion serving on
+shore, received from a friendly Arab sheikh a letter informing him that
+it was General Menou's intention to attack the British camp next
+morning. The news <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxiii" name="pagexxxiii"></a>(p. xxxiii)</span> was thought too good to be true, as in a
+few days Abercromby would have been compelled to attack the lines of
+Alexandria under every tactical disadvantage. It was, however,
+confirmed, and on the 21st of March the battle of Alexandria was fought,
+the fate of Egypt was decided, and Abercromby received his death-wound.
+Maitland again covered the British right flank from the sea. In the
+detailed plan of the battle given in Sir Robert Wilson's <i>History of the
+British Expedition to Egypt</i>, Maitland's flotilla is shown a little to
+the west of the ruins of Nicopolis, in a position to enfilade the French
+attack. For his services on the 8th, 13th, and 21st Maitland received
+the thanks of the naval and military commanders-in-chief, and on March
+22, the day after the battle, Sir Sidney Smith wrote to Lord Keith
+warmly commending Maitland's conduct.</p>
+
+<p>Maitland's post commission was confirmed by the Admiralty on the day of
+the battle of Alexandria. In the ensuing month he was appointed to the
+<i>Dragon</i>, 74, and shortly afterwards to the <i>Carr�re</i>, a French 40-gun
+frigate taken near Elba. He remained <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxiv" name="pagexxxiv"></a>(p. xxxiv)</span> in command of her in the
+Mediterranean till the Peace of Amiens.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Carr�re</i> was paid off on October 4, 1802. Eleven days afterwards
+Maitland was appointed by Lord St Vincent to the <i>Loire</i>, a fine 46-gun
+frigate. War broke out again on May 18, 1803, and the <i>Loire</i> started on
+a brilliant career of captures,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1" title="Go to footnote 1"><span class="smaller">[1]</span></a> which included the 10-gun brig
+<i>Venteux</i>, cut out from under the Isle of Bas by two of the <i>Loire's</i>
+boats, the <i>Braave</i> privateer, and the 30-gun frigate <i>Blonde</i>, captured
+in August 1804 after a pursuit of twenty hours and a desperate running
+fight.</p>
+
+<p>An official letter written by Maitland in June 1805, gives us a vivid
+glimpse of frigate service in the old days:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6><i>Captain Maitland to Rear-Admiral Drury,
+  Cork.</i></h6>
+
+<p class="right5"><span class="smcap">Loire, Muros Road, Spain</span>,<br>
+<span class="right5"><i>June 4, 1805.</i></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>,&mdash;Being informed that there was a French privateer of 26 guns
+fitting out at <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxv" name="pagexxxv"></a>(p. xxxv)</span> Muros, and nearly ready for sea, it struck me,
+from my recollection of the bay (having been in it formerly, when
+lieutenant of the <i>Kingfisher</i>), as being practicable either to bring
+her out or destroy her with the ship I have the honour to command. I
+accordingly prepared yesterday evening for engaging at anchor, and
+appointed Mr Yeo, with Lieutenants Mallock and Douglas, of the marines,
+and Mr Clinch, master's-mate, to head the boarders and marines,
+amounting, officers included, to 50 men (being all that could be spared
+from anchoring the ship and working the guns), in landing and storming
+the fort, though I then had no idea its strength was so great as it has
+proved. At nine this morning, on the sea-breeze setting in, I stood for
+the bay in the ship, the men previously prepared, being in the boats
+ready to shove off. On hauling close round the point of the road, a
+small battery of 2 guns opened a fire on the ship; a few shot were
+returned; but perceiving it would annoy us considerably, from its
+situation, I desired Mr Yeo to push on shore and spike the guns;
+reminding the men of its being the anniversary <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxvi" name="pagexxxvi"></a>(p. xxxvi)</span> of their
+Sovereign's birth, and that, for his sake, as well as their own credit,
+their utmost exertions must be used. Though such an injunction was
+unnecessary, it had a great effect in animating and raising the spirits
+of the people. As the ship drew in, and more fully opened the bay, I
+perceived a very long corvette, of 26 ports, apparently nearly ready for
+sea, and a large brig of 20 ports, in a state of fitting; but neither of
+them firing, led me to conclude they had not their guns on board, and
+left no other object to occupy my attention but a heavy fort, which at
+this moment opened to our view, within less than a quarter of a mile,
+and began a wonderfully well-directed fire, almost every shot taking
+place in the hull. Perceiving that, by standing further on, more guns
+would be brought to bear upon us, without our being enabled to near the
+fort so much as I wished, I ordered the helm to be put down; and when,
+from the way she had, we had gained an advantageous position, anchored
+with a spring, and commenced firing. Although I have but little doubt
+that, before long, we should have silenced the fort, yet, from the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxvii" name="pagexxxvii"></a>(p. xxxvii)</span> specimen they gave us, and being completely embrasured, it
+must have cost us many lives, and caused great injury to the ship, had
+not Mr Yeo's gallantry and good conduct soon put an end to their fire.</p>
+
+<p>I must now revert to him and the party under his command. Having landed
+under the small battery on the point, it was instantly abandoned; but
+hardly had he time to spike the guns, when, at the distance of a quarter
+of a mile, he perceived a regular fort, ditched, and with a gate, which
+the enemy (fortunately never suspecting our landing) had neglected to
+secure, open a fire upon the ship. Without waiting for orders he pushed
+forward, and was opposed at the inner gate by the Governor, with such
+troops as were in the town, and the crews of the French privateers. From
+the testimony of the prisoners as well as our own men, it appears that
+Mr Yeo was the first who entered the fort, with one blow laid the
+Governor dead at his feet, and broke his own sabre in two. The other
+officers were despatched by such officers and men of ours as were most
+advanced, and the narrowness of the gate would permit to push
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxviii" name="pagexxxviii"></a>(p. xxxviii)</span> forward. The remainder instantly fled to the further end
+of the fort, and from the ship we could perceive many of them leap from
+the embrasures upon the rocks, a height of above 25 feet. Such as laid
+down their arms received quarter....</p>
+
+<p>The instant the Union was displayed at the fort, I sent and took
+possession of the enemies' vessels in the Road, consisting of the
+<i>Confiance</i>, French ship privateer, pierced for 26 twelves and nines,
+none of which, however, were on board; the <i>B�lier</i>, French privateer
+brig, pierced for 20 eighteen-pounder carronades; and a Spanish merchant
+brig in ballast. I then hoisted a flag of truce, and sent to inform the
+inhabitants of the town, that if they would deliver up such stores of
+the ship as were on shore, there would be no further molestation. The
+proposal was thankfully agreed to. I did not, however, think it
+advisable to allow the people to remain long enough to embark the guns,
+there being a large body of troops in the vicinity. A great many small
+vessels are in the bay, and hauled up on the beach. None of them having
+cargoes of any value, I conceive it <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexxxix" name="pagexxxix"></a>(p. xxxix)</span> an act of inhumanity to
+deprive the poorer inhabitants of the means of gaining their livelihood,
+and shall not molest them. On inspecting the brig, as she had only the
+lower rigging overhead, and was not in a state of forwardness, I found
+it impracticable to bring her away, and therefore set fire to her: she
+is now burnt to the water's edge. I cannot conclude my letter without
+giving the portion of credit that is their due to the officers and men
+on board the ship. They conducted themselves with the greatest
+steadiness and coolness; and although under a heavy fire, pointed their
+guns with the utmost precision, there being hardly a shot that did not
+take effect.... It is but fair at the same time to state that, much to
+the credit of the ship's company, the Bishop and one of the principal
+inhabitants of the town came off to express their gratitude for the
+orderly behaviour of the people, there not being one instance of
+pillage; and to make offer of every refreshment the place affords.</p>
+
+<p>I am now waiting for the land breeze to carry us out, having already
+recalled the officers and men from the fort, the <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexl" name="pagexl"></a>(p. xl)</span> guns being
+spiked and thrown over the parapet, the carriages rendered
+unserviceable, and the embrasures, with part of the fort, blown up.</p>
+
+<p>I have the honour to be, &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smcap">Fred. L. Maitland.</p>
+
+<p>On June 27, 1805, the Common Council of the City of London voted him
+their thanks for his distinguished conduct in Muros Bay. The Committee
+of the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's presented him with a sword, and on
+October 18 he received the freedom of the city of Cork in recognition of
+his exertions for the protection of Irish trade.</p>
+
+<p>In the following winter the <i>Loire</i> had a narrow escape. Marshall thus
+describes the incident:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"On the 13th Dec. 1805, the <i>Loire</i>, accompanied by the <i>Alcmene</i>
+frigate, fell in with the Rochefort squadron, consisting of six sail of
+the line, three frigates, and three corvettes. Maitland immediately sent
+the <i>Alcmene</i> to the fleet off Brest, himself keeping company with the
+Frenchmen. Being to leeward, and desirous of obtaining <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexli" name="pagexli"></a>(p. xli)</span> the
+weather-gage, as the safest situation for his own ship, he carried a
+heavy press of sail, and in the night of the 14th, having stretched on,
+as he thought, sufficiently for that purpose, put the <i>Loire</i> on the
+same tack as they were. About two <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>, it being then exceedingly dark,
+he found himself so near one of the largest ships as to hear the officer
+of the watch giving his orders. As the noise of putting about would have
+discovered the <i>Loire's</i> situation, Captain Maitland very prudently
+abstained from doing so, until, by slacking the lee braces and luffing
+his ship to the wind, the enemy had drawn sufficiently ahead. At
+daylight he had the satisfaction to observe them four or five miles to
+leeward; and although he was chased both on that and the following day
+by a detachment from the enemy's squadron, he returned each evening and
+took his station on the French admiral's weather-beam, sufficiently near
+to keep sight of them till the morning. During the night between the
+16th and 17th, several large ships were seen to windward running down,
+and which, on perceiving the <i>Loire</i> and those to leeward of her, made
+such signals <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlii" name="pagexlii"></a>(p. xlii)</span> as proved them also to be enemies. Captain
+Maitland had now no alternative but to make sail in order to get from
+between those two squadrons, the latter of which afterwards proved to be
+from Brest."</p>
+
+<p>On November 28, 1806, Maitland was appointed to the <i>Emerald</i>, a 36-gun
+frigate. During the whole of her commission he cruised with ceaseless
+activity and made a very great number of captures. He was present with
+Lord Gambier's fleet outside Aix Roads in April 1809, when Cochrane made
+his famous fire-ship attack on the French fleet. The <i>Emerald</i> was one
+of the few ships which, on the 12th, were sent by Gambier, much against
+his will, to support Cochrane in the <i>Imp�rieuse</i>. One can well imagine
+that her gallant commander shared Cochrane's indignation at seeing so
+daring an enterprise shorn of its fruits by the weakness and
+irresolution of their chief.</p>
+
+<p>Maitland's next appointment, dated June 3, 1813, was to the <i>Goliath</i>, a
+cut-down 74. He commanded her for twelve months on the Halifax and West
+India stations. Having been found seriously defective, she was paid off
+at Chatham in October 1814. <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexliii" name="pagexliii"></a>(p. xliii)</span> In the following month Maitland
+was appointed to the <i>Boyne</i>, then fitting at Portsmouth for the flag of
+Sir Alexander Cochrane, commander-in-chief on the coast of America.</p>
+
+<p>In January 1815 he was at Cork, and had collected a large fleet of
+transports and merchant vessels bound for America. The fleet was ready
+to sail, but was detained at Cove by a succession of strong westerly
+winds. Before the wind changed the news came that Napoleon had escaped
+from Elba.</p>
+
+<p>Maitland's orders were at once countermanded, and he was removed to the
+ship with which his name will always be associated, the <i>Bellerophon</i>,
+74. This famous old ship had fought on the First of June, at the Nile,
+and at Trafalgar; she was now once more to render a conspicuous service
+to the country.</p>
+
+<p>She sailed from Plymouth with Sir Henry Hotham's squadron on May 24,
+1815. Her commander's record of the memorable events which took place on
+board her during the following weeks is in the reader's hands, and
+nothing more need be said of them here. Let it suffice to note that the
+controversies <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexliv" name="pagexliv"></a>(p. xliv)</span> which have raged around the story of Napoleon's
+exile, and which have tarnished so many reputations, have left
+Maitland's without a stain. "My reception in England," said Napoleon
+himself to Maitland, as he bade him farewell in the cabin of the
+<i>Bellerophon</i>, "has been very different from what I expected; but it
+gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your conduct to me
+throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of honour."</p>
+
+<p class="p2">Up to this point the materials for Maitland's biography are somewhat
+scanty. After this his journal, preserved at Lindores, gives us a very
+full record of his services.</p>
+
+<p>In October 1818 he was appointed to the <i>Vengeur</i>, 74. She had been
+intended to bear the flag of Rear-Admiral Otway on the Leith station. In
+June 1819, however, she was ordered to join the squadron destined for
+South America under the command of Sir Thomas Hardy&mdash;Nelson's Hardy. The
+squadron left Spithead on September 9, having on board Mr Thornton,
+H.B.M.'s minister to Brazil.</p>
+
+<p>The following year was spent on the South <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlv" name="pagexlv"></a>(p. xlv)</span> American coast. In
+the disturbed political condition of the Continent, the duties of the
+British naval officers on the station were sometimes difficult and
+delicate, as British ships and British subjects frequently got into
+trouble with the forces of the revolted Spanish colonies. Maitland's
+time was spent chiefly at Rio de Janeiro. In 1807, when Napoleon's
+troops first appeared in the Tagus, the Portuguese Court had emigrated
+to Brazil and had been there ever since. Maitland's journal contains
+many amusing notes&mdash;not always printable&mdash;about King John VI. and his
+disreputable family. "The king is very fond," he writes, "of comparing
+himself to the Regent of Great Britain, and does it as follows: 'His
+father is mad, so was my mother. I was Regent, so is he. I am very fat,
+so is he. I hate my wife, so does he.'" One anecdote which he tells of
+the king "must," he thinks, "raise him in the opinion of every British
+subject. When the Count de la Rocca was Spanish Ambassador at the
+Brazils, upon a rejoicing day the Portuguese ships were dressed with the
+national flag at the main, the British colours at the fore, and Spanish
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlvi" name="pagexlvi"></a>(p. xlvi)</span> at the mizzen. The Count being at Court, drew the (then)
+Prince to a window which commanded a view of the harbour, and said to
+him, 'I have to ask your Royal Highness to look at those ships. The
+British colours are at the fore and my master's at the mizzen
+topmast-head. Were it only occasionally or alternately I should not
+complain, but it is never otherwise, and I feel it my duty, considering
+the close family connection that subsists between H.M. the King of Spain
+and your Royal Highness, to represent it to you, as it hurts my feelings
+in a manner I cannot express.' The King of Portugal tapped him gently on
+the shoulder and said to him, 'I'll tell you what, my friend, had it not
+been for that flag and the nation to whom it belongs, neither your
+master nor I would have had a flag to hoist at all.'"</p>
+
+<p>That was true enough; still, the Portuguese were getting a little tired
+of the British flag. The Peninsular War had made Portugal almost a
+British dependency. Lord Beresford remained in command of the Portuguese
+army after the peace, and many other important appointments were held
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlvii" name="pagexlvii"></a>(p. xlvii)</span> by English officers. The old monopoly of trade with Brazil
+had been broken down in favour of the English, to the ruin of not a few
+Portuguese merchants. These grievances, the continued absence of the
+Court in Brazil, and the general misgovernment of the country, had
+caused widespread discontent. Matters became critical after the outbreak
+of the Spanish revolution in January 1820. In the spring of that year
+Beresford went out to Brazil to lay the state of affairs before the
+king, and to try to induce him to return to Portugal. The king would
+neither go himself nor allow his son to go. On August 13, Beresford
+sailed from Rio for Lisbon in Maitland's ship, the <i>Vengeur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>While she was crossing the Atlantic, revolution broke out in Portugal. A
+military rising took place at Oporto on the 24th of August, and when the
+<i>Vengeur</i> reached Lisbon on October 10, Maitland found that the Regency
+had been deposed and a provisional Junta installed in the capital.
+Beresford was absolutely forbidden to land, even as a private
+individual, and was requested to leave the port without delay.
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlviii" name="pagexlviii"></a>(p. xlviii)</span> The provisional Government told him plainly that in the
+existing state of public feeling they could not be responsible for his
+safety if he came on shore. After remaining for nearly a week on board
+the <i>Vengeur</i> in the Tagus, he went on to England in a packet-boat.</p>
+
+<p>Maitland had expected to return to England, but at Lisbon he received
+orders to proceed immediately to the Mediterranean on secret service. On
+October 27 he reached the Bay of Naples, where he found a British
+squadron of five ships under Sir Graham Moore.</p>
+
+<p>Serious political trouble had arisen in Naples. After the fall of Murat,
+Ferdinand IV. had been restored to his throne by the Congress of Vienna,
+and in 1816 had assumed the title of King of the Two Sicilies. Under the
+restored monarchy discontent had been steadily growing. There had been
+no violent counter-revolution, but the interests of the country had been
+sacrificed without scruple to those of the king's friends, the swarm of
+courtiers who had shared his ignoble exile at Palermo. The revolutionary
+society of the Carbonari spread rapidly, alike in the army and in civil
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagexlix" name="pagexlix"></a>(p. xlix)</span> society. In Naples, as in Portugal, the Spanish revolution
+brought things to a crisis. On July 2, 1820, a military outbreak took
+place at Nola. This was followed by a general demand for a Constitution,
+which the king was powerless to resist. On July 13 he took the oath to
+the Constitution before the altar in the royal chapel.</p>
+
+<p>A revolution in Naples would in all probability be followed by similar
+uprisings in the Papal States. Metternich was seriously alarmed. A
+conference of sovereigns and ministers to consider the affairs of Naples
+was arranged to be held at Troppau, in Moravia, in October 1820. England
+and France stood aloof from action, and the matter remained in the hands
+of the Emperor of Austria, the Czar, and the King of Prussia. It was
+resolved to invite King Ferdinand to meet his brother sovereigns at
+Laibach, in the Austrian province of Carniola, and through him to
+address a summons to the Neapolitans, requiring them, in the name of the
+three Powers and under threat of invasion, to abandon their
+Constitution.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagel" name="pagel"></a>(p. l)</span> Ferdinand could not leave the country without the consent of the
+Legislature. This was only given on his swearing to maintain the
+existing Constitution. He did so with effusions of patriotism, and on
+December 13 he embarked on board the <i>Vengeur</i>, Maitland's ship, which
+conveyed him to Leghorn. On reaching Leghorn he addressed a letter to
+the sovereigns of the Great Powers repudiating all his recent acts. He
+reached Laibach in due course; and the Congress which took place there
+in January 1821 resulted in the restoration of absolutism at Naples and
+the occupation of the country by the Austrians.</p>
+
+<p>It was a curious coincidence that Maitland should within a few years
+have had two sovereigns as passengers,&mdash;one the central figure of modern
+European history, the other the good-natured elderly buffoon who in this
+country is chiefly remembered as the husband of the friend of Lady
+Hamilton. Maitland thus records the voyage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><i>Naples Bay, Wednesday, Dec. 13, 1820.</i>&mdash;A good deal of rain during the
+night; in <span class="pagenum"><a id="pageli" name="pageli"></a>(p. li)</span> the morning the wind to the east. A general order
+came on board for the captains to attend the admiral in their barges,
+for the purpose of attending the King of Naples off to the <i>Vengeur</i>,
+dressed in full uniform, with boots and pantaloons; a note, likewise,
+from the admiral telling me he intended to get the squadron under way
+and see the King out of the bay, the <i>R�volutionnaire</i> forming astern of
+the <i>Vengeur</i>, and he, with the five ships in line of battle, taking a
+position on our weather quarter; and when he takes his leave each ship
+is to pass under our stern, and there and then salute. The yards are to
+be manned and the ships to salute, beginning when the <i>Vengeur</i> fires
+her second gun. It is the intention of the French squadron to weigh also
+and stand out. At three <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> the King of Naples came on board in Sir
+Graham Moore's barge, attended by the admiral and all the captains of
+the squadron except myself (as I stayed on board to receive him), and
+all the captains of the French squadron. He was saluted and cheered by
+all the ships except the Neapolitan, one of which manned her rigging,
+but no salute was given. As <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelii" name="pagelii"></a>(p. lii)</span> soon as the King was on board,
+unmoored, as did <i>R�volutionnaire</i> and <i>Duchesse de Berri</i>. Employed
+beating out. At about ten <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> the <i>R�volutionnaire</i> was on our
+weather-bow when a thick heavy squall came on which blew the main
+top-sail away. When the squall cleared away a little, I saw the
+<i>R�volutionnaire</i> close to us on our lee-bow, off the wind and stemming
+for us, and so near it was impossible the ships could clear each other.
+It therefore became necessary to adopt the measure which would soften
+the first blow as much as possible, and I ordered the helm to be put
+down. When the ship came head to wind she struck the <i>R�volutionnaire</i>
+just before the mainmast, slewed our cut-water right across, carried
+away the jib-boom, spritsail yard, &amp;c., and then backed clear of her. A
+lad fell overboard from the <i>R�volutionnaire</i> and made a great noise,
+which enabled us to send a boat and pick him up, he having got upon one
+of our life-buoys. Got the runners up and the messenger through the
+hawse-holes, and set them up with the top tackles, which enabled us soon
+to make sail. Saw the <i>Duchesse de Berri</i> working out.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pageliii" name="pageliii"></a>(p. liii)</span> <i>Dec. 14.</i>&mdash;Strong breeze to the westward, with sea getting
+up. Saw <i>R�volutionnaire</i> to leeward. On examination, found the
+cut-water so much shook I determined to run on to Baia and secure the
+bowsprit; made signal to prepare to anchor, and bore up little after 8
+<span class="smcap">A.M.</span> Anchored in fifteen fathom water. The <i>R�volutionnaire</i> was
+examined also, when I found her mainmast was sprung; sent the master and
+carpenter to survey the damage she had sustained, two or three of her
+timbers being broke. They reported she might be put in a state to
+proceed in two days. Sent Lieutenant Drewry up to the Admiral with a
+letter giving an account of our disaster, and informing him I should
+proceed as soon as the weather would admit of it, taking
+<i>R�volutionnaire</i> with me if she was ready, otherwise directing him to
+follow. Got an answer from him in the evening offering the King any
+ship, even <i>Rochefort</i> (the flagship), if we could not proceed; and that
+he had ordered <i>Active</i> down here, to be ready to relieve
+<i>R�volutionnaire</i> if she could not go. In the morning, when the King
+came out, he took hold of both my <span class="pagenum"><a id="pageliv" name="pageliv"></a>(p. liv)</span> hands, squeezed them, and
+shook them very heartily, saying, "I am infinitely obliged to you for
+the way in which you man&oelig;uvred the ship last night, for had it not
+been for your promptitude she must have been dismasted." Dined with his
+Majesty, who sent me an invitation, and took my place, by his direction,
+at his right hand, in the way I used when Bonaparte was with me, and was
+a good deal struck with the similarity of situation. On the King's left
+sat the Princess of Paterna, created by him Duchess of Floridia. She is
+married to him, but does not assume the title of Queen, because she is
+not of blood royal. She is an uncommonly handsome woman for her time of
+life,&mdash;which the Prince of Babro tells me is very near fifty,&mdash;her
+manners pleasing, and quite those of a woman of high rank. He seems much
+attached to her, was particular in recommending good dishes to her, and
+once or twice when he spoke to her took her hand, and shook and prest it
+in a friendly affectionate way.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baia, Dec. 15.</i>&mdash;Strong gale, with very heavy squalls and showers of
+rain. The <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelv" name="pagelv"></a>(p. lv)</span> King is, in my opinion, much better at an anchor here
+than beating about the sea in a gale of wind. Employed securing the
+bowsprit.... Dined with the King, who told us several anecdotes of his
+sea excursions; and he really is a tolerably good sailor. In the evening
+a deputation of the Parliament came on board to condole with his Majesty
+on the accident that had befallen the ship, and to wish him a pleasant
+voyage and a speedy return to his country. In the evening pointed the
+yards to the wind.... While at dinner, H.M. sent out to have "Rule
+Britannia" played by the band, and drank success to the British Navy
+with three cheers.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dec. 16.</i>&mdash;In the morning the weather fine, with light wind W.S.W.
+Unmoored ship.... Stood over towards Capri till half-past one, when we
+tacked. The King told us at dinner he had been one of six who in seven
+days killed nine thousand quails on Capri Island, where in the month of
+May some years they come in millions.... Got round Ischia at 10 o'clock
+<span class="smcap">P.M.</span>
+<span class="spaced2">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelvi" name="pagelvi"></a>(p. lvi)</span> <i>Leghorn Roads, Wednesday, Dec. 20.</i>&mdash;Employed all night
+beating into Leghorn Roads.... At eight, pratique boat came off and gave
+us pratique, and soon after the Governor of Leghorn came to pay his
+respects to the King, with a fine large barge. His Majesty soon got very
+impatient to go on shore, and would hardly give us time to make the
+necessary preparations for sending him out of the ship with due honours.
+At half-past nine he left the ship, accompanied by the Duchess of
+Floridia.... Saluted with twenty-one guns, and manned yards and cheered
+him as he left the ship. I accompanied him on shore, and when about to
+take my leave he asked me to dinner. I went, therefore, to the Grand
+Duke's palace, which is in the square; and when I got there the Marchese
+di Ruffo soon arrived, and, desiring my company in another room,
+produced the Order of St Ferdinand of the second class, and told me he
+had the King's sanction to present me with it; and when we were talking
+about it his Majesty came into the room and put it over my neck, and
+then led me by the hand and presented me to the Princess Paterna, when
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelvii" name="pagelvii"></a>(p. lvii)</span> I returned my humble thanks to his Majesty, knelt, and kissed
+his hand. The princess told me it was her intention to send by me
+something as a present from her to my wife. The Marchese di Ruffo then
+came in and told me he had something further to communicate, and took me
+into the other room, when he gave me from his Majesty a remarkably
+handsome gold snuff-box with his portrait on it,&mdash;a very good likeness,
+set with twenty-four diamonds, some of them large, particularly four at
+the corners. He gave me also two other boxes, one for Captain Pellew and
+the other for the captain of the <i>Fleur de Lis</i>, and informed me he
+meant to give 3000 ducats to the <i>Vengeur's</i> ship's company and 1500 to
+each of the frigates. Dined with the King, and came off in the evening.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dec. 21.</i>&mdash;... To Franschetti the banker to obtain the money given by
+the King of Naples to the ships' companies; and after waiting a long
+time and having a great deal of trouble with a very stupid old fellow,
+we managed to get it from him.... Got my patent as Commander of the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelviii" name="pagelviii"></a>(p. lviii)</span> Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, for which I had to pay
+ten ducats as a fee to the secretary's clerk,&mdash;a part of the ceremony I
+did not bargain for, as the order cannot be of any use to me, there
+being a rule against officers accepting of foreign orders except in
+particular cases.</p>
+
+<p><i>Dec. 22.</i>&mdash;... At eleven the boats came off and brought all my traps,
+and a small parcel from the Princess Paterna, containing a very handsome
+gold necklace and bracelets, requesting I would accept them for her sake
+and present them to my wife. His Majesty, as well as the princess, have
+behaved to me in a most munificent way, having loaded me with favours
+and marks of their affection, which I shall ever remember with the
+warmest gratitude. As I have now done with the King of Naples, it may be
+as well to say a few words of his person and habits. He is a tall thin
+fair man, now seventy years of age, uncommonly robust and active for
+that time of life, which may be attributed in a great measure to his
+temperance and love of field-sports, which has been ever his ruling
+passion, and often <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelix" name="pagelix"></a>(p. lix)</span> occasioned him to neglect the more imposing
+and serious duties of a king. As a man, he must be liked by every one
+who comes immediately in contact with him, as he is cheerful and
+good-humoured, though not a man of much information. While on board the
+ship he was generally up before daylight,&mdash;which at this season of the
+year is not saying much,&mdash;took a cup of coffee and a bit of biscuit,&mdash;to
+strengthen his stomach as he said,&mdash;and then said prayers, having two
+friars and a priest with him. At noon he dined, when he ate a very
+hearty meal, and drank about half a bottle of Neapolitan wine a good
+deal diluted with water, and ate nothing for the remainder of the day.
+In the evening he played picquet, and went to bed at eight or half
+past....</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Vengeur</i> returned to England in the spring of 1820, and Maitland
+was appointed to the <i>Genoa</i>, guardship at Portsmouth, from which he was
+superseded in October on the completion of his three years' continuous
+service on the peace establishment. The midshipmen of the <i>Genoa</i>
+presented him with a sword as a mark of respect.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelx" name="pagelx"></a>(p. lx)</span> Then followed a period of rest. In 1816 he had bought from his
+mother the estate of Lindores, near Newburgh, in Fifeshire, which had
+been in her family since 1569. Here he now spent several years, chiefly
+occupied in the improvement of the property. During the war he had made
+some �16,000 out of prize-money, part of which was spent in building the
+present mansion-house, overlooking the beautiful Loch of Lindores. In
+the spring of 1826 he visited London to arrange for the publication of
+the <i>Narrative</i>, which, after some fruitless negotiations with John
+Murray, was accepted by Colburn on satisfactory terms.</p>
+
+<p>On February 13, 1827, Maitland was appointed to the <i>Wellesley</i>, 74. In
+December 1826, Mr Canning, in response to an appeal from the Portuguese
+Regency, had sent English troops to Lisbon to protect the Government of
+Portugal against the threatened attack of Spain. Maitland was ordered to
+Lisbon, and the <i>Wellesley</i> spent the autumn and winter of 1827 in the
+Tagus. After a spring cruise up the Mediterranean, she returned to
+England in May 1828. On June 26 she again sailed <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxi" name="pagelxi"></a>(p. lxi)</span> for the
+Mediterranean, carrying the flag of Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcolm, who
+was then going out to succeed Sir Edward Codrington in command of the
+Mediterranean station. On August 24 she joined the squadron under
+Codrington at Navarino.</p>
+
+<p>Maitland remained in Greek waters for the next two years. The tragic
+drama of the Greek Revolution, after seven years of horrors, had now
+reached its final act. By the Treaty of London, in July 1827, England,
+Russia, and France had undertaken to put an end to the conflict in the
+East, and to establish the autonomy of Greece. In the following October
+the battle of Navarino had been fought, and the Turkish fleet destroyed.
+Ibrahim Pasha still held the fortresses of the Morea, which he was
+shortly to evacuate under the pressure of a French army corps. In April
+1828 war had broken out between Turkey and Russia.</p>
+
+<p>Desultory fighting was still going on in Crete, which had been utterly
+devastated by years of barbarous warfare. In October the <i>Wellesley</i>
+went to Suda Bay, and most of the winter was spent by Maitland on the
+coast <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxii" name="pagelxii"></a>(p. lxii)</span> of Crete, endeavouring to bring about an armistice, and
+superintending the blockade which the Powers had established in order to
+prevent military supplies from reaching the Turks in the island. The
+blockade was raised early in 1829; and during the following months
+Maitland visited nearly every point of interest on the Greek coast and
+in the Greek islands, as well as Sicily, the coast of Asia Minor, and
+Constantinople. Like most Englishmen who have served in the Levant, he
+developed a considerable respect for the Turk, and a quite unbounded
+contempt for the Greek. After the armistice negotiations in Crete he
+writes: "I found the conduct of the Turkish chiefs throughout manly,
+straightforward, and sincere, while that of their opponents was very
+much the reverse;" and in another place he writes of the Greeks that "a
+more perfidious, ferocious, and cruel race does not exist." Needless to
+say he did not think much of "our pretty Greek Committee."</p>
+
+<p>In the summer of 1830 the <i>Wellesley</i> returned to England. Maitland
+attained his flag on July 22, 1830. At the reconstruction of the Order
+of the Bath in 1815 he <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxiii" name="pagelxiii"></a>(p. lxiii)</span> had been made a C.B.; on November 17,
+1830, he was advanced to be a K.C.B. In 1835 he received the Greek Order
+of the Redeemer.</p>
+
+<p>During his South American and Mediterranean cruises Maitland kept a very
+full and interesting private journal. It reveals him to us as a man of
+immense mental activity and power of observation, hard humorous
+common-sense, and an almost Pepysian interest in all the doings of
+mankind. Politics, arch�ology, cricket, theatricals, scandal, the terms
+of a treaty, the <i>menu</i> of a good dinner, the armament of a foreign
+frigate, the toilette of a pretty woman,&mdash;everything interests him, and
+is observed, remembered, and noted in his diary. A few extracts have
+been given; within the limits of this sketch they cannot be multiplied.
+His account of the slave-market at Constantinople may serve as a
+specimen of his power of picturesque description.</p>
+
+<p><i>October 12, 1829.</i>&mdash;... We then crossed the harbour, and went to the
+slave-market. It is held in a small square, with some houses in the
+middle, and on two sides <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxiv" name="pagelxiv"></a>(p. lxiv)</span> of the square are small rooms, where
+the slaves for sale are kept until their turn comes to be put up.
+Adjoining the doors of these rooms or cells are raised platforms of wood
+on which a number of black women and girls were sitting; and I saw a few
+white ones inside. Outside these platforms are others, where the
+purchasers or those intending to purchase slaves were placed; and
+between the two platforms there is a passage three or four feet wide. At
+another corner of the market there were some black men and boys, chained
+by the legs to prevent their escaping, and among them we saw a very
+good-looking respectably dressed young man, also in chains. We were told
+he was a Georgian, but could not discover his history, though it is
+probable that his master had died, and that he was sold in consequence.
+He was smoking a pipe, and looked very disconsolate. A little after nine
+o'clock, the chief of the market arrived, and the sale began. Two or
+three black girls were first put up. A crier went round the square,
+followed by the slave for sale, passing through the passage before
+mentioned. When any person bids, the crier <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxv" name="pagelxv"></a>(p. lxv)</span> goes on, calling
+the sum bid, until some one bids higher, and continues calling till no
+more is bid, when the slave becomes the property of the highest bidder.
+There were three or four criers, with each a slave following them, going
+round the bazaar at the same time. At last a very pretty-looking white
+girl about sixteen years of age was put up for sale. Several bids had
+been made before I discovered her; and when I came up to the place where
+she was standing, Lambrino, the admiral's interpreter, asked the crier
+what sum was bid for her. He answered 1200 piastres; upon which the girl
+turned round in a rage, and said to Lambrino, "You dog-faced fellow,
+what is that to you?" and the interpreter being a little man, with high
+shoulders and a face very much shaped like a dog's, the girl's remark
+excited a general laugh. The crier, however, was by no means pleased at
+the young lady for making such a display of her temper, as it was likely
+to hurt her sale, and he therefore reprimanded her. They then passed on
+along the passage and came to one of the divans, where a man about forty
+was sitting smoking his pipe. He <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxvi" name="pagelxvi"></a>(p. lxvi)</span> stopped the crier, and took
+the girl by the hand, felt all up her arm to the shoulder, then drew her
+a little nearer and opened her waistcoat, which exposed a beautiful
+white bosom, and the effect seemed electric, for he immediately bid 1300
+piastres, and after pulling down the lower part of her veil so as to
+show the whole of her face, and looking at her teeth, he allowed the
+crier to proceed. The girl had been angry at Lambrino, and seemed a good
+deal distressed when the Turk was examining and handling her. I saw a
+blush of either modesty or indignation cross her countenance; but the
+instant the additional piastres were bid (whether from gratified vanity
+or what other cause I cannot say, for these poor creatures are very
+proud of bringing a high price) a smile of satisfaction beamed over her
+face, and she marched off in apparent good humour. I had seen enough of
+this horrid scene, and was tired of seeing a fellow-creature paraded
+about and handled like a horse, therefore was rejoiced when the admiral
+proposed we should leave it. Before we went away, a fellow, apparently
+an Armenian, came up and said he had a <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxvii" name="pagelxvii"></a>(p. lxvii)</span> handsome young Greek
+girl for sale if we would like to see her. As, however, none of us under
+any circumstances could have purchased her, we declined his offer....</p>
+
+<p>A characteristic feature of Maitland's diary is his constant reference
+to his wife. He had married, in 1804, Catherine, second daughter of
+Daniel Connor of Ballybricken, County Cork. They had only one child, who
+died in infancy. Maitland loved his wife with lifelong devotion;
+wherever the service called him, her picture hung in his cabin, and he
+carried her image in his heart. Every letter she wrote to him is noted
+in his journal; and it is full of references to her in words of devoted
+attachment. Thus on the voyage home from South America in 1820 he
+writes: "Crossed the equator at eleven o'clock at night, and we are once
+more, Heaven be praised, in the northern hemisphere, which contains all
+I love and delight in in this world, and every mile we go draws us
+nearer to the sole mistress and possessor of my heart.... A more
+affectionate, kind, attached wife no man on earth is blessed with than
+myself." He was <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxviii" name="pagelxviii"></a>(p. lxviii)</span> bitterly disappointed when from Lisbon he
+was ordered to the Mediterranean. As the ship passed Gibraltar he wrote:
+"This was the day I had settled in my own mind that I was to arrive at
+Portsmouth, and there meet the dearest and best of wives.... I had
+expected this day to be the happiest of human beings, and now the event
+that would make me so appears as distant as ever." When he was at
+Naples, Mrs Maitland appears to have fallen under religious influences
+of the kind which often embitter family relations; and it is pathetic to
+read the expression of her husband's grief and anxiety lest the love
+which was the chief joy of his life should be estranged. "I fear much,"
+he writes, "I shall have to regret the longest day I have to live,
+having left her in Scotland, instead of taking her abroad with me, as
+she was in a nest of fanatical foolish women who have the madness to
+believe they are inspired from above." Happily the cloud soon passed,
+and he notes the receipt of "one of her own dear affectionate kind
+letters, such as she used formerly to write." A little later comes the
+joyful entry: "Bore up and made <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxix" name="pagelxix"></a>(p. lxix)</span> sail, with a fine strong
+Levant wind, which cleared us of the Gut of Gibraltar by noon; and I can
+now look forward with confidence to meeting my beloved Kate in about two
+weeks' time."</p>
+
+<a id="img002" name="img002"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img002.jpg" width="260" height="325" alt="" title="">
+<p class="smcap">Lady Maitland</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>From 1832 to 1837 Maitland was Admiral Superintendent of the dockyard at
+Portsmouth. In July 1837 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the East
+Indies and China. He hoisted his flag on his own old ship the
+<i>Wellesley</i>, now commanded by Captain Thomas Maitland, afterwards Earl
+of Lauderdale, and sailed for Bombay on the 11th of October. Lady
+Maitland accompanied him to the East.</p>
+
+<p>When the advance from Bombay towards Afghanistan was made in 1838, it
+was decided that a naval force should proceed along the coast to
+co-operate with the troops. In January 1839, Maitland, in the
+<i>Wellesley</i>, joined the squadron in the Indus, and was requested by Sir
+John Keane, the military commander-in-chief, to "proceed to Kurrachee
+and take it." He arrived with his squadron before Kurrachee the 1st of
+February, and sent a flag of truce, summoning the fort of Manora, which
+formed the <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxx" name="pagelxx"></a>(p. lxx)</span> chief defence of the town. The Baluchi garrison
+refused all terms, and fired on the boats of the squadron, which were
+engaged in landing troops. The <i>Wellesley</i> accordingly opened fire, and
+soon reduced the fort to ruins and brought the commandant to terms. The
+British flag was hoisted on the fort by Lieutenant Jenkins of the
+<i>Wellesley</i>. The town also surrendered, and was occupied by the 40th
+Regiment and the 2nd Bombay Native Infantry. The British Government thus
+easily obtained possession of the chief port of the Punjab.</p>
+
+<p>After the capture of Kurrachee, Maitland returned to Bombay, and thence
+proceeded to Bushire, where difficulties had arisen with the Persian
+authorities. At an interview with the Governor, the Admiral demanded
+permission for himself and his officers to land and communicate freely
+with the British Resident. The Governor agreed to this, but refused to
+allow the Admiral to embark from the landing-place opposite the
+Residency. Next morning, March 25, all the boats of the squadron, manned
+and armed, proceeded to the shore to protect the embarkation of the
+Admiral and other <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxi" name="pagelxxi"></a>(p. lxxi)</span> officers. The following account by an
+eyewitness of what then took place is given in Low's <i>History of the
+Indian Navy</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"The Persians had assembled to the number of several hundreds, and the
+Governor, with his body-guard, was determined to prevent, if possible,
+the property being shipped before the Residency. The first boat which
+approached the shore was fired upon, and one Persian had his musket
+presented at Captain Maitland. He was just on the eve of firing, when
+fortunately the Admiral and two Indian naval officers in a moment
+wrenched it from his hands, and kept possession of the piece, which they
+found loaded with a heavy charge. You may imagine how strongly inclined
+the marines must have been to fire. The benevolent spirit of the
+Admiral, however, would not allow it till the throwing of stones, and
+continued firing from the Persians, called forth two volleys, which
+caused the Persians to evacuate the breastwork. One was killed and two
+wounded; their fire upon us, fortunately, did not injure any one, but
+the Commodore and several other officers were struck with stones. After
+this the <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxii" name="pagelxxii"></a>(p. lxxii)</span> Residency was put in a state of defence, Captain
+Hennell (the Political Agent), had all the property conveyed as quickly
+as possible on board the <i>Wellesley</i>, <i>Elphinstone</i>, <i>Clive</i>, and
+<i>Emily</i>, and finally abandoned the Residency on the morning of the 28th,
+when surrounded by four or five hundred armed Persians, composed of
+Bushirees and Tungustanees, with Baukr Khan at their head.... And on the
+morning of the 29th the <i>Wellesley</i> and the other vessels reached
+Kharrack, bringing along with them the whole Residency establishment."</p>
+
+<p>On May 9, 1839, the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India
+wrote to Maitland: "The Right Hon. the Governor-General highly applauds
+the cordial and able assistance offered by the officers and crews of
+H.M.'s and the Hon. Company's ships, in the removal on board the ships
+of the Resident and his suite from the Residency at Bushire,&mdash;an
+operation which, but for their aid, might have been attended with
+difficulty and danger." Maitland was bitterly attacked by the
+Anglo-Indian press for his forbearance on this occasion, which it was
+said had lowered British prestige in <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxiii" name="pagelxxiii"></a>(p. lxxiii)</span> the eyes of the
+Persians. It is possible that our relations with Persia might have been
+improved by the slaughter of the Bushire mob by the <i>Wellesley's</i>
+marines, but apparently the Admiral thought otherwise.</p>
+
+<p>The Bushire incident was followed by a cruise round the Persian Gulf, in
+the course of which the Admiral had various interviews with the local
+chiefs, and impressed upon them the necessity of keeping the peace and
+respecting British interests.</p>
+
+<p>It was his last service. He died at sea, off Bombay, on November 30,
+1839. A letter from the late Admiral Philip Somerville,<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2" title="Go to footnote 2"><span class="smaller">[2]</span></a> then a
+lieutenant on board the <i>Wellesley</i>, describes the closing scenes.</p>
+
+<p>"On our arrival at Bombay, Nov. 3," he writes, "the tents had not been
+pitched more than a week or so, and the one fitted by the Government for
+the Admiral was so very large that, after our arrival, he had to remain
+for some days on board ship ere <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxiv" name="pagelxxiv"></a>(p. lxxiv)</span> it was ready. You may fancy
+the state the ground was in after five months' heavy rain,&mdash;the chill
+and damp scarcely possible to describe,&mdash;evaporation of course following
+the excessive heat of the day. A week had scarcely passed ere he felt
+its effects, but he could say nothing. On the 15th November I dined with
+him on shore. He seemed then tolerably well. On Sunday, 17th, he visited
+the ship, and returned to his tent. On the 18th he dined with her
+Majesty's 6th Regiment, and complained a little that day. The 21st, he
+was out to see our sailors and marines exercising. The complaint from
+that time made rapid progress. Saturday, 23rd, Lady Maitland went to a
+large party, but returned to the Admiral very early. Sunday 24th and
+Monday 25th he was dangerously ill; 26th and 27th, rather easier.
+Preparations were made for going to sea. On the 28th, the poor old
+fellow was brought off and hoisted on board in a palankeen. I saw him
+for a moment. Poor Sir Frederick lay with his head thrown back, his
+mouth a little open, his cheeks sunk, and his whole frame totally
+changed. He was conveyed to his cabin. We immediately <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxv" name="pagelxxv"></a>(p. lxxv)</span> got
+under way. All gloom, and solemn silence prevailed. I daresay some at
+least were in deep thought, some thinking of his former prosperity,
+others of the money he had made; perhaps some thought of the happy and
+honourable day on which Bonaparte surrendered. After lingering until
+Saturday the 30th, at 11.45 he expired. One can scarcely conceive the
+sensation caused by the mournful event. The countenances of all evinced
+deep sorrow for their chief, a man who was looked up to by all who knew
+him, and greatly beloved by those under his command....</p>
+
+<p>"On Monday morning, preparations having been made the previous day, the
+troops of the garrison and boats from the ships began to assemble. The
+ship was painted black all over, and her yards topped in mourning. The
+body was conveyed in his own boat, the barge, the other boats following
+in order with their colours half-mast, presenting a very imposing sight.
+On leaving the ship, minute-guns began; and on the corpse reaching the
+shore, it was received with a guard of honour, and the fort commenced
+firing minute-guns as we formed in procession. <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxvi" name="pagelxxvi"></a>(p. lxxvi)</span> The troops
+had their arms reversed, and the same people who received the Admiral
+that day fortnight at the dinner given by the 6th Regiment formed part
+of the parade that sorrowful moment. They lined the road through which
+we passed, and reached to the church. Here the body was received in the
+usual way, and all the respectable attendants followed it into the
+cathedral. The lesson was read by the officiating Archdeacon, and on
+coming to the grave in the aisle of the church, the Bishop read the
+service in a very affecting and solemn manner. After the ceremony we
+returned to our respective ships."</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p>A monument to Sir Frederick's memory was erected in Bombay Cathedral by
+the officers of his command. "Among names," writes Lieutenant Low in his
+<i>History</i>, "which will ever be held in affection by the officers whose
+record of service is now 'as a tale that is told,' that of Maitland, the
+gallant and chivalrous seaman, to whom the mighty Napoleon surrendered
+his sword on the quarter-deck of the <i>Bellerophon</i>, will ever be
+prominent; and this record of his <span class="pagenum"><a id="pagelxxvii" name="pagelxxvii"></a>(p. lxxvii)</span> worth and nobility of
+character, and that other memorial on the walls of the Cathedral Church
+of St Thomas, will testify to the grateful remembrance in which his
+memory is held by the officers of the Indian Navy."</p>
+
+<a id="img003" name="img003"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<a href="images/img003.jpg">
+<img src="images/img003tb.jpg" width="400" height="286" alt="" title=""></a>
+<p class="smcap">Chart of Basque Roads</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="page001" name="page001"></a>(p. 001)</span> NARRATIVE</h3>
+
+
+<p>On Wednesday the 24th of May, 1815, I sailed from Cawsand Bay, in
+command of His Majesty's ship Bellerophon, and under the orders of
+Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, whose flag was hoisted in the Superb. I
+received sealed instructions, part of which were to be opened on getting
+to sea, and part only to be examined in the event of my being separated
+from the Admiral. Those which I opened contained directions to detain,
+and send into port, all armed vessels belonging to the Government of
+France.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page002" name="page002"></a>(p. 002)</span> On Sunday the 28th of May, we joined His Majesty's ships Astrea
+and Telegraph, stationed off Isle Dieu, on a secret service; and the
+following day, three transports, under charge of the Helicon, arrived
+from England, having on board arms and ammunition, to supply the
+Royalists in La Vend�e, for whose support and assistance I now found the
+squadron, of which the Bellerophon formed one, was destined.</p>
+
+<p>On Tuesday the 30th of May, I received orders from Sir Henry Hotham, to
+take the Eridanus under my command, and proceed off Rochefort, for the
+purpose of preventing a corvette from putting to sea, which, according
+to information received by the British Government, was to carry
+proposals from Buonaparte to the West India Colonies, to declare in his
+favour. I had likewise orders to reconnoitre the Roadstead of Rochefort,
+and report to the Admiral the number and state of the ships of war lying
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page003" name="page003"></a>(p. 003)</span> there. Accordingly, on the 31st of May, I ran into Basque
+Roads, and found at anchor, under Isle d'Aix, two large frigates, a ship
+corvette, and a large brig, all ready for sea, which I afterwards
+ascertained to be the M�duse, Saale, Balladi�re, and �pervier. Nothing
+occurred worth mentioning until the 9th of June, when the V�suve French
+corvette came in from the northward, and got into Rochefort,
+notwithstanding every effort to prevent her; the ships under my orders
+having been driven to the southward, during the night, by a strong
+northerly wind, accompanied by a southerly current. She was from
+Guadaloupe, and immediately on passing the Chasseron light-house,
+hoisted the tri-coloured flag.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th of June, I detained and sent to Sir Henry Hotham, the �neas
+French store-ship, commanded by a lieutenant of the navy, with a crew of
+fifty men, loaded with ship-timber for the arsenal of Rochefort;
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page004" name="page004"></a>(p. 004)</span> but he, being of opinion that she did not come within the
+intention of the order, liberated her.</p>
+
+<p>On the 21st of June, I detained and sent to the Admiral, under charge of
+the Eridanus, the Marianne French transport, from Martinique, having on
+board 220 of the 9th regiment of light infantry, coming to France to
+join the army under Buonaparte. The Eridanus was sent to England with
+her, and did not return to me, being employed on other service.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th of June, the Cephalus joined us, bringing with her the
+declaration of war against France; after which we were employed several
+days, taking and destroying chasse-mar�es, and other small coasting
+vessels.</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th of June, I received intelligence, from one of the vessels
+captured, of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page005" name="page005"></a>(p. 005)</span> Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo; and on the 30th, a
+boat came off from Bourdeaux, bringing the following letter, without
+date or subscription, written on very thin paper in English, and
+concealed within a quill. I give the contents verbatim.</p>
+
+<h6>Copy of a Letter received by Captain Maitland, of H.M.S.
+     Bellerophon, off Rochefort, on the 30th of June, 1815, without
+     date or subscription.</h6>
+
+<p>"With great degree of certainty, being informed that Buonaparte might
+have come last night through this city from Paris, with the new Mayor of
+Bourdeaux, with a view to flight, by the mouth of this river, or La
+Teste, the author of the last note sent by Mr &mdash;&mdash; hastily drops these
+few lines, to give the British Admiral advice of such intention, that he
+may instantly take the necessary steps, in order to seize the man. His
+ideas will certainly have brought him to think it natural, that the
+British stations will be less upon their guard in this quarter <span class="pagenum"><a id="page006" name="page006"></a>(p. 006)</span>
+than any where else. The writer benefits by this opportunity to inform
+the Admiral that, since the last note, some alteration has taken place
+with regard to the troops spread in these two Divisions; in lieu of 800
+to 1000 in this city, there are now 5000, which is supposed owing to the
+intention of compressing the minds of this populace in this decisive
+instant.</p>
+
+<p>"It is supposed the British Admiral is already informed of the Grand
+Army being totally defeated and destroyed, the abdication of Buonaparte,
+&amp;c. and the arrival of the allies near the Capital.</p>
+
+<p>"An attempt should be made on this Coast, with no less than 8000 men
+altogether. Immediate steps are wanted to put a stop to the supposed
+flight.</p>
+
+<p>"Should the attempt be made on the Coast from La Teste to Bourdeaux, an
+immediate <span class="pagenum"><a id="page007" name="page007"></a>(p. 007)</span> diversion should be made on this side; the success
+is beyond any doubt.</p>
+
+<p>"A sharp eye must be kept on all American vessels, and particularly on
+the Susquehannah, of Philadelphia, Captain Caleb Cushing; General
+Bertand and another goes with him. The two entrances of Bourdeaux and La
+Teste must be kept close; a line or two is expected, on the return of
+the bearer from the Admiral, or Chief Officer on the Station. As this is
+writing, the news is spread generally, that the Duc de Berri and Lord
+Wellington are in Paris."</p>
+
+<p>The note alluded to had been received, and forwarded unopened, to the
+Admiral in Quiberon Bay.</p>
+
+<p>Though my attention was called so strongly to Bourdeaux, or la Teste
+d'Arcasson, as the parts of the coast from whence Buonaparte would
+probably attempt to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page008" name="page008"></a>(p. 008)</span> escape, it was my decided opinion that
+Rochefort was much more likely to be the port where the trial would be
+made. I therefore sent the Myrmidon off Bourdeaux, the Cephalus to
+Arcasson, and remained with only the Bellerophon, off Rochefort. From
+this period, until my return to England, the ship was never, by day or
+night, more than three miles from the land. Considering it of much
+importance to communicate the intelligence contained in the letter from
+Bourdeaux, to my commanding officer, with as little delay as possible;
+as I had no vessel left with me, after detaching the two ships under my
+orders, I sent the Bellerophon's barge, under the charge of a
+lieutenant, with directions to endeavour to join some one of the
+cruisers stationed off Isle Dieu. I gave him an order, addressed to the
+Captain of any of His Majesty's ships he might fall in with, to proceed
+without loss of time, to join the Admiral in Quiberon Bay, with the
+despatch accompanying it. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page009" name="page009"></a>(p. 009)</span> This boat was fortunate enough to
+fall in with His Majesty's ship Cyrus, Captain Carrol; who, in
+consequence, after hoisting in the barge, proceeded to Quiberon Bay.</p>
+
+<p>As the coasting-vessels were not worth sending into port for
+condemnation, (and considering the circumstances under which the ship I
+commanded was placed, I should not have felt justified in weakening her
+complement, even for a prize of value,) I was in the habit of using such
+captures, as marks for the men to practice firing at. The Cephalus had a
+chasse-mar�e in tow for that purpose, when the letter, inserted above,
+was received; and I detached her so shortly afterwards, that Captain
+Furneaux had no opportunity of destroying her, but was obliged to cast
+her off. After he had left me some time, I observed the vessel drifting
+to sea, and determined to run down and sink her. While approaching her
+in this view. I was sweeping the horizon with my glass, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page010" name="page010"></a>(p. 010)</span> when I
+discovered, at a considerable distance, a small white speck on the
+water, which had the appearance of a child's boat with paper sails; but
+I could plainly perceive something that had motion in it; and, after
+firing on and destroying the chasse-mar�e, I stood towards the object
+which had engaged my attention, and found it to be a small punt, about
+eight feet long, flat-bottomed, and shaped more like a butcher's tray
+than a boat. In it were a young man about eighteen years of age, and a
+boy about twelve, who had got into the punt to amuse themselves, and,
+happening to lose one of their oars, were drifted to sea. They had been
+thirty-six hours without refreshment of any kind, and with only one oar
+and a bit of board, which they had formed into something like another;
+they were quite exhausted with fatigue, and their hands very much
+blistered. When we picked them up, there was a strong breeze blowing off
+the land, so that there cannot be a doubt, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page011" name="page011"></a>(p. 011)</span> had not Providence
+sent us to their assistance, they must have perished. I kept the boys on
+board two or three days, for the purpose of recruiting their strength,
+and then landed them with the punt, close to their village, to the great
+joy and wonder of their parents and countrymen.</p>
+
+<p>On the first of July, we spoke a ship from Rochefort, the master of
+which gave information, that the frigates in Aix Roads had taken in
+their powder, and were in all respects ready to put to sea; also, that
+several gentlemen in plain clothes, and some ladies, supposed to form
+part of Buonaparte's suite, had arrived at Isle d'Aix: in short, upon
+the whole, that there was little doubt of its being his intention to
+effect his escape, if possible, from that place, in the frigates. On
+receiving this information, I anchored the Bellerophon as close to the
+French squadron as the batteries would permit, kept guard-boats rowing
+all night, and prepared <span class="pagenum"><a id="page012" name="page012"></a>(p. 012)</span> my ship's company for the description
+of action in which I thought it was probable they would be engaged. I
+trained one hundred of the stoutest men, selecting them from the
+different stations in the ship; it being my intention, after firing into
+and silencing one frigate, to run the Bellerophon alongside of her,
+throw that party in, and then, leaving her in charge of the first
+lieutenant, to have proceeded in chase of the other.</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty's ship Ph&oelig;be joined us this evening, and brought with her
+the Bellerophon's barge. Captain Hillyar having orders to take a station
+off Bourdeaux, I recalled the Myrmidon from that service.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th of July, I received a letter from Sir Henry Hotham, together
+with fresh orders, from which the following are extracts:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page013" name="page013"></a>(p. 013)</span> Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham,
+     K.C.B., addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+     dated Quiberon Bay, July 6, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"It is impossible to tell which information respecting Buonaparte's
+flight may be correct; but, in the uncertainty, it is right to attach a
+certain degree of credit to all: that which I now act on, is received
+this morning, from the chief of the Royalists, between the Loire and the
+Vilaine.</p>
+
+<p>"Although the force of the Bellerophon would be sufficient for the ships
+at Isle d'Aix, if they were to give you an opportunity of bringing them
+to action together, you cannot stop them both, if the frigates separate;
+I am, therefore, now anxious you should have a frigate with you:
+therefore if any of them should be with you, keep her for the time I
+have specified; but if you have no frigate, and this should be brought
+to you by a twenty-gun ship, keep her with <span class="pagenum"><a id="page014" name="page014"></a>(p. 014)</span> you for the same
+time; she will do to keep sight of a French frigate, although she could
+not stop her.</p>
+
+<p>"If this is delivered to you by Lord John Hay of the Opossum, do not
+detain him, as her force would be of no use to you, and I want him
+<i>particularly</i>, to examine vessels which sail from the Loire."</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.;
+     addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated
+     Superb, Quiberon Bay, 6th July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"Having this morning received information that it is believed Napoleon
+Buonaparte has taken his road from Paris for Rochefort, to embark from
+thence for the United States of America, I have to direct you will use
+your best endeavours to prevent him from making his escape in either of
+the frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which purpose you are, notwithstanding
+former orders, to keep any <span class="pagenum"><a id="page015" name="page015"></a>(p. 015)</span> frigate which may be with you, at
+the time you receive this letter, in company with the ship you command,
+for the space of ten days, to enable you to intercept them in case they
+should put to sea together: but if you should have no frigate with you
+at the above time, you will keep the ship delivering this, (which will
+probably be the Slaney or Cyrus,) in company with the Bellerophon, ten
+days, and then allow her to proceed in execution of the orders her
+Captain has received from me."</p>
+
+<p>The Slaney brought the letter and order, parts of which are extracted
+above, and having no frigate in company, I detained her as part of the
+force under my command, though she was, on the 8th, sent down to the
+Mamusson passage, with orders for Captain Green of the Daphne, and did
+not return until the evening of the 11th.</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th of July, I was joined by a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page016" name="page016"></a>(p. 016)</span> chasse-mar�e bringing a
+letter from Sir Henry Hotham, part of which is as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated
+     Superb, Quiberon Bay, July 7, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"Having sent every ship and vessel out from this bay, to endeavour to
+intercept Buonaparte, I am obliged to send the chasse-mar�e, which has
+been employed in my communications with the Royalists, with this letter,
+to acquaint you that the Ferret brought me information last evening,
+after the Opossum had left me, from Lord Keith, that Government
+received, on the night of the 30th, an application from the rulers of
+France, for a passport and safe conduct for Buonaparte to America, which
+had been answered in the negative, and, therefore, directing an increase
+of vigilance to intercept him: but it remains quite uncertain where he
+will embark; and, although it <span class="pagenum"><a id="page017" name="page017"></a>(p. 017)</span> would appear by the measures
+adopted at home, that it is expected he will sail from one of the
+northern ports, I am of opinion he will go from one of the southern
+places, and I think the information I sent you yesterday by the Opossum
+is very likely to be correct; namely, that he had taken the road to
+Rochefort; and that he will probably embark in the frigates at Isle
+d'Aix; for which reason I am very anxious you should have force enough
+to stop them both, as the Bellerophon could only take one, if they
+separated, and that might not be the one he would be on board of. I have
+no frigate to send you; if one should join me in time, I will send her
+to you, and I hope you will have <i>two</i> twenty-gun ships with you. I
+imagine, from what you said in your letter by your barge, that you would
+not have kept the Endymion with you, especially as the Myrmidon would
+have rejoined you, by the arrangements I sent down by the Ph&oelig;be for
+Sir John Sinclair <span class="pagenum"><a id="page018" name="page018"></a>(p. 018)</span> to take her place off the Mamusson;
+therefore, I trust that my last order to Captain Hope will not have
+deprived you of his assistance, but hope it may have put him in a better
+situation than before. The Liffey is seventy or eighty miles west from
+Bourdeaux, and the Pactolus, after landing some person in the Gironde,
+goes off Cape Finisterre, where the Swiftsure is also gone; and many
+ships are looking out in the Channel and about the latitude of Ushant.</p>
+
+<p>"Buonaparte is certainly not yet gone; I presume he would naturally
+await the answer from our Government, which only left London on the 1st;
+my own opinion is, that he will either go with a force that will afford
+him some kind of security, or in a merchant vessel to avoid suspicion.</p>
+
+<p>"The orders from the Admiralty, received last evening, are, that the
+ships which are looking out for him, should remain on that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page019" name="page019"></a>(p. 019)</span>
+service <i>till further orders, or till they know he is taken</i>, and not
+regard the time of ten days or a fortnight, which they first named:
+therefore you will govern yourself by that, and keep any ship you have
+with you till one of those events occurs, without attending to the ten
+days I specified in my letter to you by the Opossum yesterday, and make
+the same known to any ship you may communicate with. The information you
+sent me, which had been transmitted to you from Bourdeaux, is now proved
+to have been erroneous, by our knowing that Buonaparte was at Paris as
+late as the 30th of June, and that paper must have been written on the
+29th, as you received it on the 30th. The Eridanus will not rejoin you;
+she has been stationed, by Lord Keith, off Brest.</p>
+
+<p>"Let me know by the return of the chasse-mar�e, particularly, what ships
+you have with you, and where the other ships are, as far as you know,
+and what position <span class="pagenum"><a id="page020" name="page020"></a>(p. 020)</span> you keep in. If you had ships enough to
+guard Basque Roads, and the Channel between Isle d'Oleron and the long
+sand (where a frigate may pass), you would be sure of keeping them in,
+by anchoring; but that would afford you little chance of taking
+Buonaparte, which is the thing to be desired; therefore I think you
+would be better off the light-house, where I dare say you keep yourself;
+and on that particular subject I do not think it necessary to give you
+any instructions, as I depend on your using the best means that can be
+adopted to intercept the fugitive; on whose captivity the repose of
+Europe appears to depend. If he should be taken, he is to be brought to
+me in this bay, as I have orders for his disposal; he is to be removed
+from the ship in which he may be found, to one of his Majesty's ships."</p>
+
+<p>Nothing of consequence occurred on the 9th; but on the 10th of July, at
+daylight, the officer of the watch informed me that a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page021" name="page021"></a>(p. 021)</span> small
+schooner was standing out from the French squadron towards the ship:
+upon which I ordered everything to be ready for making sail in chace,
+supposing she might be sent for the purpose of reconnoitring. On
+approaching, she hoisted a flag of truce, and joined us at seven <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>
+She proved to be the Mouche, tender to the ships of war at Isle d'Aix,
+and had on board, General Savary Duc de Rovigo, and Count Las Cases,
+chamberlain to Buonaparte, charged with a letter from Count Bertrand
+(Grand Mar�chal de Palais) addressed to the Admiral commanding the
+British Cruisers before the port of Rochefort.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after the Mouche arrived, I was joined by the Falmouth, bringing me
+a letter and secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham, some extracts from
+which I shall insert for the better understanding what follows, previous
+to entering into what passed with Buonaparte's attendants.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page022" name="page022"></a>(p. 022)</span> Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham,
+     K.C.B., addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon; not
+     dated, but must have been written on the 8th of July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"I sent a chasse-mar�e to you yesterday with a letter, and you will now
+receive by the Falmouth, officially, the orders which I therein made you
+acquainted with.</p>
+
+<p>"I send you four late and very interesting French papers, by which you
+will see all that has been done and said on the subject of providing for
+Buonaparte's escape from France: you will see that the Minister of the
+Marine had been directed to prepare ships of war for that purpose; that
+they were placed at Buonaparte's disposal; and that two frigates in
+particular had been provided for him: also that it was announced to the
+two Chambers, that he left Paris at four o'clock on the 29th; likewise
+that it was believed in Paris, he had taken <span class="pagenum"><a id="page023" name="page023"></a>(p. 023)</span> the road by
+Orleans to Rochefort; and I have no doubt that the two frigates at Isle
+d'Aix are intended for him, and I hope you will think so too, and I am
+sure you will use your utmost endeavours to intercept him. I am sorry I
+have not a frigate to send you; I have literally none but the Endymion
+under my orders. Captain Paterson is off Brest, by Lord Keith's order;
+and the Ph&oelig;be is also ordered to that station, when the Hebrus
+arrives off the Gironde.</p>
+
+<p>"The attention at home appears to be paid chiefly to the ports in the
+Channel, but I have received no additional means whatever to guard those
+of the Bay. I have long been expecting a frigate from the Irish station,
+but none has yet appeared; and I have written to Lord Keith for two
+frigates; but they cannot join me in time, I fear."</p>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page024" name="page024"></a>(p. 024)</span> Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham,
+     K.C.B., addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+     dated H.M.S. Superb, Quiberon Bay, 8th July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having every reason to believe
+that Napoleon Buonaparte meditates his escape, with his family, from
+France to America, you are hereby required and directed, in pursuance of
+orders from their Lordships, signified to me by Admiral the Right
+Honourable Viscount Keith, to keep the most vigilant look-out for the
+purpose of intercepting him; and to make the strictest search of any
+vessel you may fall in with; and if you should be so fortunate as to
+intercept him, you are to transfer him and his family to the ship you
+command, and there keeping him in careful custody, return to the nearest
+port in England (going into Torbay in preference to Plymouth) with all
+possible expedition; and on your arrival <span class="pagenum"><a id="page025" name="page025"></a>(p. 025)</span> you are not to permit
+any communication whatever with the shore, except as herein after
+directed; and you will be held responsible for keeping the whole
+transaction a profound secret, until you receive their Lordships'
+further orders.</p>
+
+<p>"In case you should arrive at a port where there is a flag-officer, you
+are to send to acquaint him with the circumstances, strictly charging
+the officer sent on shore with your letter, not to divulge its contents:
+and if there should be no flag-officer at the port where you arrive, you
+are to send one letter express to the Secretary of the Admiralty, and
+another to Admiral Lord Keith, with strict injunctions of secrecy to
+each officer who may be the bearer of them."</p>
+
+<p>Messrs Savary and Las Cases, who came on board, from the Schooner above
+mentioned, at seven o'clock on the 10th of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page026" name="page026"></a>(p. 026)</span> July, presented the
+following letter to me:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Le 9 Juillet, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"Monsieur l'Amiral,</p>
+
+<p>"L'Empereur Napol�on ayant abdiqu� le pouvoir, et choisi les �tats Unis
+d'Am�rique pour s'y r�fugier, s'est embarqu� sur les deux fr�gates qui
+sont dans cette rade, pour se rendre � sa destination. Il attend le sauf
+conduit du Gouvernement Anglais, qu'on lui a annonc�, et qui me porte �
+exp�dier le pr�sent parlementaire, pour vous demander, Mons. l'Amiral,
+si vous avez connoissance du dit sauf conduit; ou si vous pensez qu'il
+soit dans l'intention du Gouvernement Anglais de se mettre de
+l'emp�chement � notre voyage aux �tats Unis. Je vous serai extr�mement
+oblig� de me donner l�-dessus les renseignemens que vous pouvez avoir.</p>
+
+<p>"Je charge les porteurs de la pr�sente <span class="pagenum"><a id="page027" name="page027"></a>(p. 027)</span> lettre de vous faire
+agr�er mes remerc�mens et mes excuses, pour la peine qu'elle a pu vous
+donner.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">"J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,<br>
+<span class="left10">Monsieur l'Amiral,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">de Votre Excellence, &amp;c. &amp;c.</span><br>
+<span class="left50">Le Grand Mar�chal Ct<sup>e</sup>. <span class="smcap">Bertrand</span>."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">
+     "� Monsieur l'Amiral commandant<br>
+les Croisi�res avant Rochefort."</p>
+
+<p class="center p2">TRANSLATION.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"The Emperor Napoleon having abdicated the throne of France, and chosen
+the United States of America as a retreat, is, with his suite, at
+present embarked on board the two frigates which are in this port, for
+the purpose of proceeding to his destination. He expects a passport from
+the British Government, which has been promised to him, and which
+induces me to send the present flag of truce, to demand of you, Sir, if
+you have <span class="pagenum"><a id="page028" name="page028"></a>(p. 028)</span> any knowledge of the above-mentioned passport, or if
+you think it is the intention of the British Government to throw any
+impediment in the way of our voyage to the United States. I shall feel
+much obliged by your giving me any information you may possess on the
+subject.</p>
+
+<p>"I have directed the bearers of this letter to present to you my thanks,
+and to apologise for the trouble it may cause.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">"I have the honour to be,<br>
+<span class="left10">Your Excellency's most obedient, &amp;c. &amp;c.</span><br>
+<span class="left50">Grand Marshal Count <span class="smcap">Bertrand</span>."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"To the Admiral commanding<br>
+the Squadron before Rochefort."</p>
+
+<p>The bearers of the letter had instructions to demand of me, whether I
+would prevent Buonaparte from proceeding in a neutral vessel, provided I
+could not permit the frigates to pass with him on board. Having
+received, in my orders, the strictest <span class="pagenum"><a id="page029" name="page029"></a>(p. 029)</span> injunctions to secrecy,
+and feeling that the force on the coast, at my disposal, was
+insufficient to guard the different ports and passages from which an
+escape might be effected, particularly should the plan be adopted of
+putting to sea in a small vessel; I wrote the following reply to the
+above communication; hoping, by that means, to induce Napoleon to remain
+for the Admiral's answer, which would give time for the arrival of
+reinforcements.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"H.M.S. Bellerophon,<br>
+  off Rochefort, July 10th, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday's date,
+addressed to the Admiral commanding the English cruisers before
+Rochefort, acquainting me that the Emperor, having abdicated the throne
+of France, and chosen the United States of America as an asylum, is now
+embarked on board the frigates, to proceed <span class="pagenum"><a id="page030" name="page030"></a>(p. 030)</span> for that
+destination, and awaits a passport from the English Government; and
+requesting to know if I have any knowledge of such passport; or if I
+think it is the intention of the English Government to prevent the
+Emperor's voyage.</p>
+
+<p>"In reply, I have to acquaint you, that I cannot say what the intentions
+of my Government may be; but, the two countries being at present in a
+state of war, it is impossible for me to permit any ship of war to put
+to sea from the port of Rochefort.</p>
+
+<p>"As to the proposal made by the Duc de Rovigo and Count Las Cases, of
+allowing the Emperor to proceed in a merchant vessel; it is out of my
+power,&mdash;without the sanction of my commanding officer, Sir Henry Hotham,
+who is at present in Quiberon Bay, and to whom I have forwarded your
+despatch,&mdash;to allow any vessel, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page031" name="page031"></a>(p. 031)</span> under whatever flag she may
+be, to pass with a personage of such consequence.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">"I have the honour to be,<br>
+<span class="left20">Sir,</span><br>
+<span class="left10">Your very humble servant,</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">Fred. L. Maitland,</span>
+<span class="left20">Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"Le Grand Mar�chal<br>
+  Comte Bertrand."</p>
+
+<p>The Duke of Rovigo and Count Las Cases remained on board between two and
+three hours, during which time I had a great deal of conversation with
+them, on the state of affairs in France; in which they did all they
+could to impress me with the idea that Buonaparte was not reduced to the
+necessity of quitting Europe; but that, in doing so, he was actuated
+solely by motives of humanity; being unwilling, they said, that any
+further effusion of blood should take place on his account. They
+declared also, that his party was still very <span class="pagenum"><a id="page032" name="page032"></a>(p. 032)</span> formidable in the
+centre and south of France, and that, if he choose to protract the war,
+he might still give a great deal of trouble; and that, although his
+ultimate success might not be probable, there was still a possibility of
+fortune turning in his favour, and therefore they argued it was the
+interest of England to allow him to proceed to America. To all this I
+could give little or no reply, being quite ignorant of what had occurred
+in France, further than the decisive victory obtained by the Duke of
+Wellington at Waterloo. During the time the Frenchmen were with me, I
+received some French newspapers from Sir Henry Hotham; but my time was
+so fully occupied in writing to him, and in discussions with my
+visitors, that it was not in my power to read them: I therefore drew
+them back to the subject that had occasioned their visit, and said,
+"Supposing the British Government should be induced to grant a passport
+for Buonaparte's going to America, what pledge could <span class="pagenum"><a id="page033" name="page033"></a>(p. 033)</span> he give
+that he would not return, and put England, as well as all Europe, to the
+same expense of blood and treasure that has just been incurred?"</p>
+
+<p>General Savary made the following reply: "When the Emperor first
+abdicated the throne of France, his removal was brought about by a
+faction, at the head of which was Talleyrand, and the sense of the
+nation was not consulted: but in the present instance he has voluntarily
+resigned the power. The influence he once had over the French people is
+past; a very considerable change has taken place in their sentiments
+towards him, since he went to Elba; and he could never regain the power
+he had over their minds: therefore he would prefer retiring into
+obscurity, where he might end his days in peace and tranquillity; and
+were he solicited to ascend the throne again, he would decline it."</p>
+
+<p>"If that is the case," I said, "why not <span class="pagenum"><a id="page034" name="page034"></a>(p. 034)</span> ask an asylum in
+England?" He answered, "There are many reasons for his not wishing to
+reside in England: the climate is too damp and cold; it is too near
+France; he would be, as it were, in the centre of every change and
+revolution that might take place there, and would be subject to
+suspicion; he has been accustomed to consider the English as his most
+inveterate enemies, and they have been induced to look upon him as a
+monster, without one of the virtues of a human being."</p>
+
+<p>This conversation took place while I was writing my despatches to Sir
+Henry Hotham; and the Frenchmen were walking in the cabin, frequently
+interrupting me, to enforce their statement of Buonaparte's situation
+being by no means so desperate as might be supposed; from which I took
+the liberty of drawing a conclusion directly opposite to the one they
+were desirous of impressing on my mind.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page035" name="page035"></a>(p. 035)</span> Captain Knight, of the Falmouth, who carried my despatches to
+the Admiral, was present during the whole of this conversation, but did
+not join in it. This was the first certain information I had received of
+Buonaparte's position since the battle of Waterloo.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday, the 11th.&mdash;About noon, a small boat came off from the Island of
+Oleron, to where the ship was at anchor in Basque Roads, rowed by four
+men, in which sat two respectable-looking countrymen, who asked for the
+Captain; and upon my being pointed out to them, requested to speak with
+me in private. When shown into the cabin, where I went accompanied by
+Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, they acquainted me, that a message had
+been sent from Isle d'Aix, early that morning, for a man who was
+considered the best pilot on the island for the Mamusson passage, being
+the only person that had ever taken a frigate <span class="pagenum"><a id="page036" name="page036"></a>(p. 036)</span> through; that a
+large sum of money had been offered to him to pilot a vessel to sea from
+that passage, and that it certainly was Buonaparte's intention to escape
+from thence; either in the corvette, which had moved down some days
+before, or in a Danish brig, which was then lying at anchor near the
+entrance.</p>
+
+<p>On receiving this information, I immediately got under weigh, and though
+the flood-tide had just made in, beat the ships out of the Pertuis
+d'Antioche before it was dark, when I sent the Myrmidon off the
+Mamusson, with orders to anchor close in with the entrance, when the
+weather would admit of it; while I remained with the Bellerophon and
+Slaney, which rejoined me that evening, under weigh between the
+light-houses.</p>
+
+<p>On the 12th of July, the Cyrus being seen in the offing, I ordered her
+by telegraph <span class="pagenum"><a id="page037" name="page037"></a>(p. 037)</span> to take a position close in with the Baleine
+light-house, and to examine strictly every vessel that might attempt to
+put to sea from the Pertuis de Breton, as Buonaparte was on the spot,
+endeavouring to escape to America.</p>
+
+<p>The same evening, the white flag made its appearance for the first time
+on the towers of Rochelle; on seeing which, I felt it my duty to run
+into Basque Roads, accompanied by the Slaney; and having anchored, I
+hoisted the Bourbon colours at the main-top-gallant mast-head, and fired
+a royal salute. During the whole of this afternoon, however, two
+tri-coloured flags were kept flying in Rochelle; and before sunset all
+the white flags were struck, and every where replaced by those of
+Buonaparte.</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th of July, nothing of importance occurred, except the white
+flag being <span class="pagenum"><a id="page038" name="page038"></a>(p. 038)</span> once more hoisted all over Rochelle, as well as on
+the Isle of Oleron, to the entire exclusion of the tri-coloured ensign.
+We could plainly perceive, that the frigates, from whom we were distant
+about three miles, were perfectly ready to put to sea, should an
+opportunity offer; having their sterns covered with vegetables, their
+top-gallant yards across, studding sail gear rove, and numerous boats
+passing between them and the island the whole day:&mdash;all indications,
+well known to professional men, of preparing for sea.</p>
+
+<p>The ships under my command were accordingly kept with slip buoys on
+their cables, and, as soon as it was dark, the top-sail and top-gallant
+yards were swayed to the mast-heads, the sails stopt with rope yarns,
+and every thing kept ready to make sail at a moment's warning.
+Guard-boats were also kept rowing all night, as near the frigates as
+they could venture, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page039" name="page039"></a>(p. 039)</span> having signals established to show in the
+event of the enemy getting under sail.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th of July, at daybreak, the officer of the watch informed me,
+that the Mouche was standing out from Isle d'Aix, bearing a flag of
+truce, which I ordered to be accepted. Here it is necessary to mention,
+that the British flag of truce, being a white flag at the
+fore-top-gallant mast-head, which was also hoisted as a matter of course
+when Buonaparte was received on board, has by some persons been
+construed into the Bourbon flag, and thence into an intentional insult
+to him. It never was my intention, nor do I believe it could have been
+that of any British officer, to treat with insult any fallen enemy, much
+less one who had shown such confidence as to throw himself on the
+protection of his former foe.</p>
+
+<p>When the schooner, the Mouche, reached <span class="pagenum"><a id="page040" name="page040"></a>(p. 040)</span> the ship, Count Las
+Cases came on board, attended by General Count Lallemand. This meeting
+was highly interesting to me, as Lallemand had been a prisoner for three
+weeks in the Camelion under my command in Egypt, with Junot, whose
+Aid-de-Camp he then was; and General Savary, who accompanied Count Las
+Cases in his first visit to the Bellerophon, had lived nearly as long at
+Sir Sydney Smith's table with me, at the Turkish camp at El Arish, when
+the convention, which takes its name from that place, was under
+discussion, being Aid-de-Camp to General Dessaix, who negotiated on the
+part of the French.</p>
+
+<p>On their coming on board, I made the signal for the Captain of the
+Slaney, being desirous of having a witness to any conversation that
+might pass, as our communications were chiefly verbal: he arrived while
+we were at breakfast.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page041" name="page041"></a>(p. 041)</span> When Count Las Cases came on the quarter-deck, he informed me
+that he was sent off to learn whether I had received an answer from the
+Admiral to the letter he had brought off on the 10th instant. I told him
+that I had not, but, in consequence of the despatch which I had
+forwarded to him, I had not a doubt he would immediately repair here in
+person, and I was hourly in expectation of seeing him, adding, "If that
+was the only reason you had for sending off a flag of truce, it was
+quite unnecessary, as I informed you, when last here, that the Admiral's
+answer, when it arrived, should be forwarded to the frigates by one of
+the Bellerophon's boats; and I do not approve of frequent communications
+with an enemy by means of flags of truce." I then went into the cabin
+and ordered breakfast, to prevent further discussion until the arrival
+of Captain Sartorius.</p>
+
+<p>When breakfast was over, we retired to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page042" name="page042"></a>(p. 042)</span> the after-cabin. Count
+Las Cases then said, "The Emperor is so anxious to spare the further
+effusion of human blood, that he will proceed to America in any way the
+British Government chooses to sanction, either in a French ship of war,
+a vessel armed <i>en flute</i>, a merchant vessel, or even in a British ship
+of war." To this I answered, "I have no authority to agree to any
+arrangement of that sort, nor do I believe my Government would consent
+to it; but I think I may venture to receive him into this ship, and
+convey him to England: if, however," I added, "he adopts that plan, I
+cannot enter into any promise, as to the reception he may meet with, as,
+even in the case I have mentioned, I shall be acting on my own
+responsibility, and cannot be sure that it would meet with the
+approbation of the British Government."</p>
+
+<p>There was a great deal of conversation <span class="pagenum"><a id="page043" name="page043"></a>(p. 043)</span> on this subject, in the
+course of which Lucien Buonaparte's name was mentioned, and the manner
+in which he had lived in England alluded to; but I invariably assured
+Las Cases most explicitly, that I had no authority to make conditions of
+any sort, as to Napoleon's reception in England. In fact, I could not
+have done otherwise, since, with the exception of the order inserted at
+page 24, I had no instructions for my guidance, and was, of course, in
+total ignorance of the intention of His Majesty's ministers as to his
+future disposal. One of the last observations Las Cases made before
+quitting the ship was, "Under all circumstances, I have little doubt
+that you will see the Emperor on board the Bellerophon;" and, in fact,
+Buonaparte must have determined on that step before Las Cases came on
+board, as his letter to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent is dated
+the 13th of July, the day before this conversation.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page044" name="page044"></a>(p. 044)</span> During the above-mentioned conversation, I asked Las Cases
+where Buonaparte then was? He replied, "At Rochefort; I left him there
+yesterday evening." General Lallemand then said, "The Emperor lives at
+the Hotel in the Grand Place, and is now so popular there, that the
+inhabitants assemble every evening in front of the house, for the
+purpose of seeing him, and crying, 'Vive l'Empereur!'"</p>
+
+<p>I then asked how long it would take to go there: Las Cases answered, "As
+the tide will be against us, it will require five or six hours." Why
+these false statements were made, I cannot pretend to say; but it is
+very certain that Buonaparte never quitted the frigates or Isle d'Aix,
+after his arrival there on the 3rd of July.</p>
+
+<p>General Lallemand took occasion to ask me if I thought there would be
+any risk of the people, who might accompany Buonaparte, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page045" name="page045"></a>(p. 045)</span> being
+given up to the Government of France: I replied, "Certainly not; the
+British Government never could think of doing so, under the
+circumstances contemplated in the present arrangement."</p>
+
+<p>They left me about half-past nine <span class="smcap">A.M.</span> In the course of the day, I was
+joined by the Myrmidon, Captain Gambier, who had been sent to me by
+Captain Green, of the Daphne, with a letter he had received from Captain
+Aylmer, of the Pactolus, in the Gironde, bringing information that it
+was the intention of Buonaparte to escape from Rochefort in a Danish
+sloop, concealed in a cask stowed in the ballast, with tubes so
+constructed as to convey air for his breathing. I afterwards inquired of
+General Savary, if there had been any foundation for such a report; when
+he informed me that the plan had been thought of, and the vessel in some
+measure prepared; but it was considered too hazardous; for had we
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page046" name="page046"></a>(p. 046)</span> detained the vessel for a day or two, he would have been
+obliged to make his situation known, and thereby forfeited all claims to
+the good treatment he hoped to ensure by a voluntary surrender.</p>
+
+<p>The two Captains dined with me, and afterwards went on board the
+Myrmidon, to take up a position to the north-east of the Bellerophon, to
+prevent vessels from passing close in shore, and thus to render the
+blockade of the port more complete.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after they left me, a barge was perceived rowing off from the
+frigates towards the Bellerophon with a flag-of-truce up; on which I
+recalled Captains Sartorius and Gambier, by signal, that they might be
+present at any communication that was to be made. The boat got alongside
+about seven <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> and brought Count Las Cases, accompanied by General
+Baron Gourgaud, one of Buonaparte's Aid-de-Camps. On <span class="pagenum"><a id="page047" name="page047"></a>(p. 047)</span> their
+coming on deck, I immediately addressed Las Cases, saying, "It is
+impossible you could have been at Rochefort, and returned, since you
+left me this morning." He replied, "No; it was not necessary; I found
+the Emperor at Isle d'Aix, on my arrival there." He then told me, he was
+charged with a letter from General Bertrand. We walked into the cabin,
+when he delivered it to me; it was as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Le 14 Juillet, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"Monsieur le Commandant,</p>
+
+<p>"Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases a rendu compte � l'Empereur de la
+conversation qu'il a eue ce matin � votre bord. S. M. se rendra � la
+mar�e de demain, vers quatre ou cinq heures du matin, � bord de votre
+vaisseau. Je vous envoye Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases, Conseiller
+d'�tat, faisant fonction de Mar�chal de Logis, avec la liste des
+personnes composant la suite <span class="pagenum"><a id="page048" name="page048"></a>(p. 048)</span> de S. M. Si l'Amiral, en
+cons�quence de la demande que vous lui avez adress�e, vous envoye le
+sauf conduit demand� pour les �tats Unis, S. M. s'y rendra avec plaisir;
+mais au d�faut du sauf conduit, il se rendra volontiers en Angleterre,
+comme simple particulier, pour y jouir de la protection des loix de
+votre pays.</p>
+
+<p>"S. M. a exp�di� Monsieur le Mar�chal de Camp Baron Gourgaud aupr�s du
+Prince R�gent, avec une lettre, dont j'ai l'honneur de vous envoyer
+copie, vous priant de la faire passer au Ministre auquel vous croyez
+n�cessaire d'envoyer cet officier g�n�ral, afin qu'il ait l'honneur de
+remettre au Prince R�gent la lettre dont il est charg�.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+"J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,<br>
+<span class="left20">Monsieur le Commandant,</span><br>
+<span class="left10">Votre tr�s humble et tr�s ob�issant Serviteur,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">Le Grand Mar�chal,</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">Comte Bertrand."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"� Monsieur le Commandant<br>
+  des Croisi�res devant Rochefort."</p>
+
+<p class="center p2"><span class="pagenum"><a id="page049" name="page049"></a>(p. 049)</span> TRANSLATION.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"Count Las Cases has reported to the Emperor the conversation which he
+had with you this morning. His Majesty will proceed on board your ship
+with the ebb tide to-morrow morning, between four and five o'clock.</p>
+
+<p>"I send the Count Las Cases, Counsellor of State, doing the duty of
+Mar�chal de Logis, with the list of persons composing His Majesty's
+suite.</p>
+
+<p>"If the Admiral, in consequence of the despatch you forwarded to him,
+should send the passport for the United States therein demanded, His
+Majesty will be happy to repair to America; but should the passport be
+withheld, he will willingly proceed to England, as a private individual,
+there to enjoy the protection of the laws of your country.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page050" name="page050"></a>(p. 050)</span> "His Majesty has despatched Major General Baron Gourgaud to the
+Prince Regent with a letter, a copy of which I have the honour to
+enclose, requesting that you will forward it to such one of the
+ministers as you may think it necessary to send that general officer,
+that he may have the honour of delivering the letter with which he is
+charged to the Prince Regent.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left10">"I have the honour to be,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">Sir,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">Your very humble servant,</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">Count Bertrand."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"To the Officer commanding the<br>
+  Cruizers off Rochefort."</p>
+
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page051" name="page051"></a>(p. 051)</span> <i>List of persons composing the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte,
+enclosed in the above Letter, and the manner in which they were
+distributed during the passage to England.</i></h6>
+
+<p class="center smcap">Bellerophon.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>G�n�raux.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Comte Bertrand, G<sup>d</sup>. Mar�chal.</li>
+<li>Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Duc de Rovigo.</li>
+<li>Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Baron Lallemand Aide de Camp de S. M.</li>
+<li>Le Mar�chal de Camp Comte de Montholon Aide de Camp de S. M.</li>
+<li>Le Comte de Las Cases Conseiller d'�tat.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Dames.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.</li>
+<li>Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Enfans.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>3 Enfans de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.</li>
+<li>1 Enfant de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Officiers.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>M. de Planat, Lieutenant-Colonel.</li>
+<li>M. Maingaut, Chirurgien de S. M.</li>
+<li>M. Las Cases, Page.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="pagenum"><a id="page052" name="page052"></a>(p. 052)</span> <i>Service de la Chambre.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>M. M. Marchand       <span class="lalign60">1 Valet de Chambre.</span></li>
+<li>Gilli                <span class="lalign60">Valet de Chambre.</span></li>
+<li>St Denis             <span class="lalign60">Valet de Chambre.</span></li>
+<li>Novarra              <span class="lalign60">Idem.</span></li>
+<li>Denis                <span class="lalign60">Gar�on de Garderobe.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Livr�e.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Archambaud            <span class="lalign60">1 Valet de pied.</span></li>
+<li>Gaudron               <span class="lalign60">Valet de pied.</span></li>
+<li>Gentilini             <span class="lalign60">Id.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Service de la Bouche.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>M. M. Fontain         <span class="lalign60">1 Ma�tre d'H�tel.</span></li>
+<li>Pi�ron                <span class="lalign60">Chef d'Office.</span></li>
+<li>La Fosse              <span class="lalign60">Cuisinier.</span></li>
+<li>Le Page               <span class="lalign60">Idem.</span></li>
+<li>&nbsp;</li>
+<li>2 Femmes de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+<li>1 Femme de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>1 Valet de Chambre           <span class="lalign60">du Duc de Rovigo.</span></li>
+<li>1 do.                        <span class="lalign60">du Comte Bertrand.</span></li>
+<li>1 do.                        <span class="lalign60">du Comte de Montholon.</span></li>
+<li>1 Valet de pied              <span class="lalign60">du Comte Bertrand.</span></li>
+<li><span class="add2em">Total 7.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="pagenum"><a id="page053" name="page053"></a>(p. 053)</span> <i>Recapitulation.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>G�n�raux                                     <span class="ralign20">5</span></li>
+<li>Dames                                        <span class="ralign20">2</span></li>
+<li>Enfans                                       <span class="ralign20">4</span></li>
+<li>Officiers                                    <span class="ralign20">3</span></li>
+<li>Service de la Chambre de S. M.               <span class="ralign20">5</span></li>
+<li>Livr�e de S. M.                              <span class="ralign20">3</span></li>
+<li>Service de la Bouche                         <span class="ralign20">4</span></li>
+<li>Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M.   <span class="ralign20">7</span></li>
+<li>&nbsp;                   <span class="ralign20">&mdash;</span></li>
+<li>Total                                       <span class="ralign20">33</span></li>
+<li>&nbsp;                            <span class="ralign20">&mdash;</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="p2 center smcap">La Corvette.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Officiers.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Le Lieutenant Colonel              <span class="lalign60">Resigni.</span></li>
+<li>Le Lieutenant Colonel              <span class="lalign60">Schultz.</span></li>
+<li>Le Capitaine                       <span class="lalign60">Autrie.</span></li>
+<li>Le Capitaine                       <span class="lalign60">Mesener.</span></li>
+<li>Le Capitaine                       <span class="lalign60">Prontowski.</span></li>
+<li>Le Lieutenant                      <span class="lalign60">Rivi�re.</span></li>
+<li>Le Sous Lieutenant                 <span class="lalign60">S<sup>te</sup> Catherine.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Suite de S. M.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Santini                            <span class="lalign60">Huissier.</span></li>
+<li>Chauvin                            <span class="lalign60">Id.</span></li>
+<li>Rousseau                           <span class="lalign60">Lampiste.</span></li>
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="page054" name="page054"></a>(p. 054)</span> Archambaud                <span class="lalign60">Valet de pied.</span></li>
+<li>Joseph                             <span class="lalign60">Id.</span></li>
+<li>Le Charron                         <span class="lalign60">Id.</span></li>
+<li>Lisiaux                            <span class="lalign60">Garde d'Office.</span></li>
+<li>Ortini                              <span class="lalign60">Valet de pied.</span></li>
+<li>Fumeau                             <span class="lalign60">Idem.</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Recapitulation.</i></p>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Officiers                  <span class="ralign20">7</span></li>
+<li>Suite                      <span class="ralign20">10</span></li>
+<li>&nbsp;                            <span class="ralign20">&mdash;</span></li>
+<li>Total                      <span class="ralign20">17</span></li>
+<li>&nbsp;                       <span class="ralign20">&mdash;</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>Enclosed was likewise a copy of the well-known letter addressed by
+Buonaparte to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent.</p>
+
+<p>"Altesse Royale,</p>
+
+<p>"En butte aux factions qui divisent mon pays et � l'inimiti� des plus
+grandes puissances de l'Europe, j'ai termin� ma carri�re politique, et
+je viens comme Th�mistocle m'asseoir sur le foyer du peuple Britannique.
+Je me mets sous la protection de ses loix, que je r�clame de votre
+Altesse Royale, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page055" name="page055"></a>(p. 055)</span> comme au plus puissant, au plus constant, et
+au plus g�n�reux de mes Ennemis."</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left20">"Rochefort, 13 Juillet, 1815,</span><br>
+<span class="left50">"Sign�, <span class="smcap">Napoleon</span>."</span></p>
+
+<p class="center p2">TRANSLATION.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Rochefort, July 13th, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"Your Royal Highness,</p>
+
+<p>"A victim to the factions which distract my country, and to the enmity
+of the greatest powers of Europe, I have terminated my political career,
+and I come, like Themistocles, to throw myself upon the hospitality of
+the British people. I put myself under the protection of their laws;
+which I claim from your Royal Highness, as the most powerful, the most
+constant, and the most generous of my enemies.</p>
+
+<p class="left50 smcap">Napoleon."</p>
+
+<p>On reading the above, I told Monsieur <span class="pagenum"><a id="page056" name="page056"></a>(p. 056)</span> Las Cases that I would
+receive Buonaparte on board, and immediately forward General Gourgaud to
+England by the Slaney, along with my despatches to the Admiralty; but
+that he would not be allowed to land until permission was received from
+London, or the sanction of the Admiral at the port he might arrive at
+obtained. I assured him, however, that the copy of the letter with which
+he was charged would be forwarded without loss of time, and presented by
+the Ministers to his Royal Highness. Count Las Cases then asked for
+paper, that he might communicate by letter to Bertrand my acquiescence
+in the proposal he had brought, for my receiving, and conveying to
+England, Buonaparte and his suite.</p>
+
+<p>When General Gourgaud was about to write the letter, to prevent any
+future misunderstanding, I said, "Monsieur Las Cases, you will recollect
+that I am not authorised to stipulate as to the reception of Buonaparte
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page057" name="page057"></a>(p. 057)</span> in England, but that he must consider himself entirely at the
+disposal of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent." He answered, "I am
+perfectly aware of that, and have already acquainted the Emperor with
+what you said on the subject."</p>
+
+<p>It might, perhaps, have been better if this declaration had been given
+in an official written form; and could I have foreseen the discussions
+which afterwards took place, and which will appear in the sequel, I
+undoubtedly should have done so; but as I repeatedly made it in the
+presence of witnesses, it did not occur to me as being necessary; and
+how could a stronger proof be adduced, that no stipulations were agreed
+to respecting the reception of Buonaparte in England, than the fact of
+their not being reduced to writing? which certainly would have been the
+case had any favourable terms been demanded on the part of Monsieur Las
+Cases, and agreed to by me.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page058" name="page058"></a>(p. 058)</span> The French boat was soon after despatched with the letter to
+Bertrand, in charge of a French naval officer, who had attended Las
+Cases on board; and as soon as I had finished the following despatch to
+the Secretary of the Admiralty, I sent Captain Sartorius, of the Slaney,
+to England, accompanied by General Gourgaud.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of His Majesty's ship
+     Bellerophon, addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, dated
+     in Basque Roads, 14th July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"For the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I have
+to acquaint you that the Count Las Cases and General Lallemand this day
+came on board His Majesty's ship under my command, with a proposal from
+Count Bertrand for me to receive on board Napoleon Buonaparte, for the
+purpose of throwing himself on the generosity of the Prince Regent.
+Conceiving myself authorised by their Lordships' secret order, I have
+acceded to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page059" name="page059"></a>(p. 059)</span> proposal, and he is to embark on board this
+ship to-morrow morning. That no misunderstanding might arise, I have
+explicitly and clearly explained to Count Las Cases, that I have no
+authority whatever for granting terms of any sort, but that all I can do
+is to carry him and his suite to England, to be received in such manner
+as his Royal Highness may deem expedient.</p>
+
+<p>"At Napoleon Buonaparte's request, and that their Lordships may be in
+possession of the transaction at as early a period as possible, I
+despatch the Slaney (with General Gourgaud, his Aide de Camp), directing
+Captain Sartorius to put into the nearest port, and forward this letter
+by his first Lieutenant, and shall in compliance with their Lordships'
+orders proceed to Torbay, to await such directions as the Admiralty may
+think proper to give.</p>
+
+<p>"Enclosed, I transmit a copy of the letter <span class="pagenum"><a id="page060" name="page060"></a>(p. 060)</span> with which General
+Gourgaud is charged, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and
+request that you will acquaint their Lordships, that the General informs
+me, he is entrusted with further particulars, which he is anxious to
+communicate to his Royal Highness."</p>
+
+<p>When these gentlemen had left the ship, as well as the Saale's barge, I
+said to Monsieur Las Cases, I propose dividing the after-cabin in two,
+that the ladies may have the use of one part of it. "If you allow me to
+give an opinion," said he, "the Emperor will be better pleased to have
+the whole of the after-cabin to himself, as he is fond of walking about,
+and will by that means be able to take more exercise." I answered, "As
+it is my wish to treat him with every possible consideration while he is
+on board the ship I command, I shall make any arrangement you think will
+be most agreeable to him."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page061" name="page061"></a>(p. 061)</span> This is the only conversation that ever passed on the subject
+of the cabin; and I am the more particular in stating it, as Buonaparte
+has been described, in some of the public Journals, as having taken
+possession of it in a most brutal way, saying, "Tout ou rien pour
+moi:"&mdash;All or nothing for me. I here therefore, once for all, beg to
+state most distinctly, that, from the time of his coming on board my
+ship, to the period of his quitting her, his conduct was invariably that
+of a gentleman; and in no one instance do I recollect him to have made
+use of a rude expression, or to have been guilty of any kind of
+ill-breeding.</p>
+
+<p>As the ship had for some time been kept clear for action, with all the
+bulkheads down, it became necessary to prepare for the reception of so
+many guests, by putting the cabins up again: in consequence of making
+the requisite arrangements, it was past one o'clock in the morning
+before I <span class="pagenum"><a id="page062" name="page062"></a>(p. 062)</span> could get to bed. About ten at night, the officer of
+the watch informed me that a boat from the shore had asked permission to
+come alongside. A man being allowed to come on board from her; "I am
+sent off from Rochelle," said he, "to inform you that Buonaparte this
+morning passed that town in a chasse-mar�e, with another in company, for
+the purpose of escaping to sea by the Pertuis de Breton: he is now in
+that passage, and means to set sail this night." I told him, "that I
+doubted his information, having at that moment one of his attendants on
+board, who had come with a proposal for me to receive him into the ship."
+I then asked him how he came by his intelligence? He answered, "The
+vessels passed close to a boat that I was in; and I saw a man wrapt up
+in a sailor's great coat, whom one of the people with me asserted to be
+him: for my part, I am not acquainted with his appearance, never having
+seen him; but when the owner of the vessels attempted <span class="pagenum"><a id="page063" name="page063"></a>(p. 063)</span> to go on
+board of them, he was kept off, and told that they were required for two
+or three days, when they would be restored with ample payment." He told
+his story so circumstantially, and with such confidence, that I feared
+there must be grounds for what he stated; and the anxiety of my
+situation may be easily conceived, when it is recollected that I had
+sent off a ship to England with despatches, announcing the intention of
+Buonaparte to embark the following morning in the Bellerophon. After a
+little consideration, I determined to inform Las Cases abruptly of the
+intelligence I had received, and endeavour to judge by the effect it had
+on his countenance, whether there was any truth in the report or not. I
+accordingly went into the cabin and did so; he seemed perfectly calm and
+collected, saying, "Pray at what hour does your informant state the
+Emperor to have passed Rochelle?" "At ten <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>" "Then I can safely
+assert, on my honour, that he was <span class="pagenum"><a id="page064" name="page064"></a>(p. 064)</span> not in either of those
+vessels. I left him at half-past five this evening, when it was his full
+intention to come on board this ship to-morrow morning; what he may have
+done since that hour, I cannot be responsible for." I answered, "As you
+give your word of honour that Buonaparte had not left Isle d'Aix when
+you quitted it, I shall trust to what you say, and take no steps in
+consequence of the information that has been brought to me, but conclude
+it has originated in some mistake."</p>
+
+<p>About three in the morning, the officer of the watch awoke me, and said
+that another boat wished to come alongside. I rose and went upon deck
+immediately, and found that she brought the same intelligence from
+another quarter; and they both eventually proved correct, to a certain
+extent: for two chasse-mar�es, as I was afterwards informed, had been
+prepared, manned, and officered from the frigates, to be used as a
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page065" name="page065"></a>(p. 065)</span> last resource to attempt an escape in, in the event of Las
+Cases' mission to the Bellerophon not being successful; and they had
+actually passed Rochelle, in their way to Pointeau d'Aguillon, at the
+hour specified, and were there to await his joining them should it prove
+necessary.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3" title="Go to footnote 3"><span class="smaller">[3]</span></a></p>
+
+<p>After I had determined to abide by Las Cases' assurance, that Buonaparte
+had not quitted Isle d'Aix, I enquired of the person who brought off the
+information in the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page066" name="page066"></a>(p. 066)</span> evening, "What was the state of Rochelle,
+and whether I might with safety send a boat there to purchase
+refreshments?" as the white flag was then hoisted all over the town; he
+said, "he would not recommend it, as, though the towns-people were well
+inclined towards the Bourbon family, the garrison, consisting of four
+thousand men, were all attached to Buonaparte; but if he were once on
+board the ship, there would be no risk in doing so, as their fear of his
+meeting with bad treatment would keep the soldiers in awe."</p>
+
+<p>At break of day, on the 15th of July, 1815, l'�pervier French brig of
+war was discovered under sail, standing out towards the ship, with a
+flag of truce up; and at the same time the Superb, bearing Sir Henry
+Hotham's flag, was seen in the offing. By half-past five the ebb-tide
+failed, the wind was blowing right in, and the brig, which was within a
+mile of us, made no <span class="pagenum"><a id="page067" name="page067"></a>(p. 067)</span> further progress; while the Superb was
+advancing with the wind and tide in her favour. Thus situated, and being
+most anxious to terminate the affair I had brought so near a conclusion,
+previous to the Admiral's arrival, I sent off Mr Mott, the First
+Lieutenant, in the barge, who returned soon after six o'clock, bringing
+Napoleon with him.</p>
+
+<p>On coming on board the Bellerophon, he was received without any of the
+honours generally paid to persons of high rank; the guard was drawn out
+on the break of the poop, but did not present arms. His Majesty's
+Government had merely given directions, in the event of his being
+captured, for his being removed into any one of his Majesty's ships that
+might fall in with him; but no instructions had been given as to the
+light in which he was to be viewed. As it is not customary, however, on
+board a British ship of war, to pay any such honours <span class="pagenum"><a id="page068" name="page068"></a>(p. 068)</span> before
+the colours are hoisted at eight o'clock in the morning, or after
+sunset, I made the early hour an excuse for withholding them upon this
+occasion.</p>
+
+<a id="img004" name="img004"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img004.jpg" width="350" height="564" alt="" title="">
+<p class="smcap">Portrait of Napoleon</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Buonaparte's dress was an olive-coloured great coat over a green
+uniform, with scarlet cape and cuffs, green lapels turned back and edged
+with scarlet, skirts hooked back with bugle horns embroidered in gold,
+plain sugar-loaf buttons and gold epaulettes; being the uniform of the
+Chasseur � Cheval of the Imperial Guard. He wore the star, or grand
+cross of the Legion of Honour, and the small cross of that order; the
+Iron Crown; and the Union, appended to the button-hole of his left
+lapel. He had on a small cocked hat, with a tri-coloured cockade; plain
+gold-hilted sword, military boots, and white waistcoat and breeches. The
+following day he appeared in shoes, with gold buckles, and silk
+stockings&mdash;the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page069" name="page069"></a>(p. 069)</span> dress he always wore afterwards, while with me.</p>
+
+<p>On leaving the �pervier, he was cheered by her ship's company as long as
+the boat was within hearing; and Mr Mott informed me that most of the
+officers and men had tears in their eyes.</p>
+
+<p>General Bertrand came first up the ship's side, and said to me, "The
+Emperor is in the boat." He then ascended, and, when he came on the
+quarter-deck, pulled off his hat, and, addressing me in a firm tone of
+voice, said, "I am come to throw myself on the protection of your Prince
+and laws." When I showed him into the cabin, he looked round and said,
+"Une belle chambre," "This is a handsome cabin." I answered, "Such as it
+is, Sir, it is at your service while you remain on board the ship I
+command." He then looked at a portrait <span class="pagenum"><a id="page070" name="page070"></a>(p. 070)</span> that was hanging up,
+and said, "Qui est cette jeune personne?" "Who is that young lady?" "My
+wife," I replied. "Ah! elle est tr�s jeune et tr�s jolie," "Ah! she is
+both young and pretty."<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4" title="Go to footnote 4"><span class="smaller">[4]</span></a> He then asked what countrywoman she was,
+begged to know if I had any children, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page071" name="page071"></a>(p. 071)</span> and put a number of
+questions respecting my country, and the service I had seen. He next
+requested I would send for the officers, and introduce them to him:
+which was done according to their rank. He asked several questions of
+each, as to the place of his birth, the situation he held in the ship,
+the length of time he had served, and the actions he had been in. He
+then expressed a desire to go round the ship; but, as the men had not
+done cleaning, I told him it was customary to clean the lower decks
+immediately after their breakfast, that they were then so employed, and,
+if he would defer visiting the ship until they had finished, he would
+see her to more advantage.</p>
+
+<p>At this time I proposed to him to allow me to address him in English, as
+I had heard he understood that language, and I had considerable
+difficulty in expressing myself in French. He replied in French,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page072" name="page072"></a>(p. 072)</span> "The thing is impossible; I hardly understand a word of your
+language:" and from the observations I had an opportunity of making
+afterwards, I am satisfied he made a correct statement, as, on looking
+into books or newspapers, he frequently asked the meaning of the most
+common word. He spoke his own language with a rapidity that at first
+made it difficult to follow him; and it was several days before I got so
+far accustomed to his manner of speaking, as to comprehend his meaning
+immediately.</p>
+
+<p>In about a quarter of an hour, he again intimated a desire to go round
+the ship; and although I told him he would find the men rubbing and
+scouring, he persisted in his wish of seeing her in the state she then
+was. He accordingly went over all her decks, asking me many questions;
+more particularly about any thing that appeared to him different from
+what he had been <span class="pagenum"><a id="page073" name="page073"></a>(p. 073)</span> accustomed to see in French ships of war. He
+seemed most struck with the cleanliness and neatness of the men, saying
+"that our seamen were surely a different class of people from the
+French; and that he thought it was owing to them we were always
+victorious at sea." I answered, "I must beg leave to differ with you: I
+do not wish to take from the merit of our men; but my own opinion is,
+that perhaps we owe our advantage to the superior experience of the
+officers; and I believe the French seamen, if taken as much pains with,
+would look as well as ours. As British ships of war are constantly at
+sea, the officers have nothing to divert their attention from them and
+their men; and in consequence, not only is their appearance more
+attended to, but they are much better trained to the service they have
+to perform."</p>
+
+<p>"I believe you are right," said he. He <span class="pagenum"><a id="page074" name="page074"></a>(p. 074)</span> then went on to talk of
+several naval actions; adding, "Your laws are either more severe, or
+better administered, than ours; there are many instances of French
+officers having conducted themselves ill in battle, without my being
+able to punish them as they deserved:" among others, he mentioned the
+names of two naval officers; and speaking of one of them, said, "He
+ought to have suffered death, and I did all I could to bring it about,
+but he was tried by a French naval court-martial, which only dismissed
+him the service." I observed, "The laws appear sometimes to be
+administered with more than sufficient severity. I commanded a frigate
+in the affair of Basque Roads; and in my opinion, the sentence of death
+on the Captain of the Calcutta was unjust: he could do no more to save
+his ship, and she was defended better and longer than any one there." He
+answered, "You are not aware of the circumstances that occasioned his
+condemnation; <span class="pagenum"><a id="page075" name="page075"></a>(p. 075)</span> he was the first man to quit his ship, which was
+fought some time by her officers and crew after he had left her."</p>
+
+<p>He next said, "I can see no sufficient reason why your ships should beat
+the French with so much ease. The finest men of war in your service are
+French; a French ship is heavier in every respect than one of yours, she
+carries more guns, those guns of a larger calibre, and has a great many
+more men." I replied, "I have already accounted for it to you, in the
+superior experience of our men and officers." "I understand," said he,
+"from some Frenchmen who were on board your ship for several days,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5" title="Go to footnote 5"><span class="smaller">[5]</span></a>
+that you take great pains in exercising your guns, and training your men
+to fire at a mark." I answered, "I did so, because I considered
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page076" name="page076"></a>(p. 076)</span> it of the greatest importance;" and I added, "that if the
+frigates had attempted to put to sea, he would probably have had an
+opportunity of seeing the effect of it." He asked me "if I thought two
+frigates, with four-and-twenty pounders on their main decks,<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6" title="Go to footnote 6"><span class="smaller">[6]</span></a> were a
+match for a seventy-four gun ship; and whether it was my opinion, if he
+had attempted to force a passage in the ships at Isle d'Aix, it would
+have been attended with success." I replied, "that the fire of a
+two-deck ship was so much more compact, and carried such an immense
+weight of iron, in proportion to that of a frigate, and there was so
+much difficulty in bringing two or three ships to act with effect at the
+same time upon one, that I scarcely considered three frigates a match
+for one line-of-battle ship;&mdash;that, with respect to forcing a passage
+past the Bellerophon, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page077" name="page077"></a>(p. 077)</span> it must have depended greatly on
+accident, but the chances were much against it; as the frigates would
+have had to beat out against the wind for three or four leagues, though
+a narrow passage, exposed to the fire of a seventy-four gun ship, which,
+from being to windward, would have had the power of taking the position
+most advantageous for herself." He then said, reverting to what had
+passed before about firing at marks, "You have a great advantage over
+France in your finances: I have long wished to introduce the use of
+powder and shot in exercise; but the expense was too great for the
+country to bear." He examined the sights on the guns, and approved of
+them highly; asked the weight of metal on the different decks,
+disapproving of the mixture of different calibres on the quarter-deck
+and forecastle. I told him the long nines were placed in the way of the
+rigging, that they might carry the fire from the explosion clear of it,
+which a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page078" name="page078"></a>(p. 078)</span> carronade would not do: he answered, "That may be
+necessary, but it must be attended with inconvenience." His enquiries
+were generally much to the purpose, and showed that he had given naval
+matters a good deal of consideration.</p>
+
+<p>On seeing the additional supply of wads for each deck made up along with
+the shot-boxes, in the form of sophas, with neat canvass covers, he
+observed, "The French ships of war have all the preparations for action
+that you have, but they have not the way of combining appearance with
+utility."</p>
+
+<p>We had breakfast about nine o'clock, in the English style, consisting of
+tea, coffee, cold meat, &amp;c. He did not eat much, or seem to relish it;
+and when, on enquiry, I found he was accustomed to have a hot meal in
+the morning, I immediately ordered my steward to allow his Ma�tre
+d'H�tel to give directions, that he might invariably be <span class="pagenum"><a id="page079" name="page079"></a>(p. 079)</span> served
+in the manner he had been used to; and after that we always lived in the
+French fashion, as far as I could effect that object.</p>
+
+<p>During breakfast he asked many questions about English customs, saying,
+"I must now learn to conform myself to them, as I shall probably pass
+the remainder of my life in England."</p>
+
+<p>The Superb, as I before observed, had been seen in the offing early in
+the morning, and was now approaching with a light breeze: he asked two
+or three times how soon she would anchor, seemed very anxious to know
+whether the Admiral would approve of my having received him; and when I
+went to wait on Sir Henry Hotham, requested I would say he was desirous
+of seeing him.</p>
+
+<p>The Superb anchored about half-past ten, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page080" name="page080"></a>(p. 080)</span> and I immediately
+went on board, and gave the Admiral an account of all that had occurred,
+adding, "I trust I have done right, and that the Government will approve
+of my conduct, as I considered it of much importance to prevent
+Buonaparte's escape to America, and to get possession of his person."
+Sir Henry Hotham said, "Getting hold of him on any terms would have been
+of the greatest consequence; but as you have entered into no conditions
+whatever, there cannot be a doubt that you will obtain the approbation
+of his Majesty's Government."</p>
+
+<p>He then said, "How do you feel as to keeping him? would you like to part
+with him?" "Certainly not," was my answer: "as I have had all the
+anxiety and responsibility of conducting this matter to an issue, I am
+of course desirous of taking him to England; but, as I do not wish to
+keep him, or any man, in my ship against <span class="pagenum"><a id="page081" name="page081"></a>(p. 081)</span> his will, if he
+desires to remove into another, I shall certainly not object."</p>
+
+<p>I then delivered Buonaparte's message, that he was desirous of receiving
+a visit from the Admiral, who said he would wait upon him with much
+pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>I soon after returned to the Bellerophon, and told Buonaparte that the
+Admiral meant to wait on him; upon which he desired Count Bertrand to go
+and pay his respects to Sir Henry. I accompanied him, and while the
+Admiral was preparing for his visit, Captain Senhouse attended General
+Bertrand through the ship.</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon, Sir Henry Hotham, accompanied by Captain Senhouse, and
+Mr Irving, his secretary, came on board the Bellerophon. They were
+introduced to Buonaparte by General Bertrand, in the after-cabin, where
+he had a good deal of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page082" name="page082"></a>(p. 082)</span> conversation with them: he showed his
+portable library, which was laid out in small travelling cases round the
+cabin; asked various questions, principally relative to the discipline
+and regulation of our ships of war, and finally invited them all to
+remain to dinner.</p>
+
+<p>Dinner was served about five o'clock upon Buonaparte's plate. This was
+arranged by his Ma�tre d'H�tel, whom I had told to regulate every thing
+in the manner most likely to be agreeable to his master.</p>
+
+<p>When dinner was announced, Buonaparte, viewing himself as a Royal
+personage, which he continued to do while on board the Bellerophon, and
+which, under the circumstances, I considered it would have been both
+ungracious and uncalled for in me to have disputed, led the way into the
+dining-room. He seated himself in the centre at one side of the table,
+requesting <span class="pagenum"><a id="page083" name="page083"></a>(p. 083)</span> Sir Henry Hotham to sit at his right hand, and
+Madame Bertrand on his left. For that day I sat as usual at the head of
+the table, but on the following day, and every other, whilst Buonaparte
+remained on board, I sat by his request at his right hand, and General
+Bertrand took the top. Two of the ward-room officers dined daily at the
+table, by invitation from Buonaparte, conveyed through Count Bertrand.</p>
+
+<p>He conversed a great deal, and showed no depression of spirits: among
+other things, he asked me where I was born. I told him, in Scotland.
+"Have you any property there?" said he. "No, I am a younger brother, and
+they do not bestow much on people of that description in Scotland." "Is
+your elder brother a Lord?" "No, Lord Lauderdale is the head of our
+family." "Ah! you are a relation of Lord Lauderdale's! he is an
+acquaintance of mine, he was sent Ambassador from your King to <span class="pagenum"><a id="page084" name="page084"></a>(p. 084)</span>
+me, when Mr Fox was Prime Minister: had Mr Fox lived, it never would
+have come to this, but his death put an end to all hopes of peace.
+Milord Lauderdale est un bon gar�on;" adding, "I think you resemble him
+a little, though he is dark and you are fair."<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7" title="Go to footnote 7"><span class="smaller">[7]</span></a></p>
+
+<p>When dinner was over, a cup of strong coffee was handed round; he then
+rose and went into the after-cabin, asking the Admiral and all the party
+to accompany him, the ladies among the rest. This was the only time I
+ever saw them in the apartment in which he slept.</p>
+
+<p>After some conversation, he said, in a cheerful and playful way, that he
+would show us his camp bed; and sent for Marchand, his premier valet de
+chambre, who received his order, and soon returned with <span class="pagenum"><a id="page085" name="page085"></a>(p. 085)</span> two
+small packages in leather cases; one of which contained the bedstead,
+which was composed of steel, and, when packed up, was not above two feet
+long and eighteen inches in circumference; the other contained the
+mattress and curtains, the latter of green silk. In three minutes the
+whole was put together, and formed a very elegant small bed, about
+thirty inches wide.</p>
+
+<p>He then went out, and walked the quarter-deck for some time, and retired
+to his cabin about half-past seven o'clock. Soon after, when the Admiral
+was going to return to his ship, he proposed to Bertrand to take leave
+of him. He went into the cabin, but returned immediately with an
+apology, saying he was undressed, and going to bed.</p>
+
+<p>In the course of the afternoon, the Admiral invited Buonaparte, with the
+ladies and all his principal officers, to breakfast, the following
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page086" name="page086"></a>(p. 086)</span> day: which invitation was accepted, apparently, with much
+satisfaction.</p>
+
+<p>When I went on deck, early the next morning, (the 16th of July) I
+observed that the Superb had the tompions out of her guns, and the man
+ropes on her yards, as if for the purpose of saluting and manning ships;
+and as I had received Buonaparte without even the guard presenting arms,
+I felt that he might conceive I had intentionally treated him with
+disrespect. I therefore sent the officer of the watch with my
+compliments to Sir Henry Hotham, and begged to know if it was his
+intention to salute Buonaparte on his going on board, and to receive him
+with manned yards; and, if so, whether I was to do the same, on his
+quitting the Bellerophon. He sent for answer, that it was not his
+intention to salute, but he meant to man ship; that I was not to do so
+on his quitting the Bellerophon, but was at liberty to man yards on his
+return. I likewise <span class="pagenum"><a id="page087" name="page087"></a>(p. 087)</span> received directions from the Admiral to
+hoist a signal, when the boat with his visitors was ready to leave the
+ship, that he might have time to make the necessary preparations.</p>
+
+<p>About ten <span class="smcap">A.M.</span> the barge was manned, and a captain's guard turned out.
+When Buonaparte came on deck, he looked at the marines, who were
+generally fine-looking young men, with much satisfaction; went through
+their ranks, inspected their arms, and admired their appearance, saying
+to Bertrand, "How much might be done with a hundred thousand such
+soldiers as these." He asked which had been longest in the corps; went
+up and spoke to him. His questions were put in French, which I
+interpreted, as well as the man's answers. He enquired how many years he
+had served; on being told upwards of ten, he turned to me and said, "Is
+it not customary in your service, to give a man who has been in
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page088" name="page088"></a>(p. 088)</span> it so long some mark of distinction?" He was informed that the
+person in question had been a sergeant, but was reduced to the ranks for
+some misconduct. He then put the guard through part of their exercise,
+whilst I interpreted to the Captain of Marines, who did not understand
+French, the man&oelig;uvres he wished to have performed. He made some
+remarks upon the difference of the charge with the bayonet between our
+troops and the French; and found fault with our method of fixing the
+bayonet to the musquet, as being more easy to twist off, if seized by an
+enemy when in the act of charging.</p>
+
+<p>On getting into the boat, he looked at the barge's crew, and said, "What
+a very fine set of men you have got!" He then turned to Las Cases, who
+had come on board the ship in plain clothes, but now appeared in a naval
+uniform, and said jocularly, "Comment, Las Cases, vous �tes <span class="pagenum"><a id="page089" name="page089"></a>(p. 089)</span>
+militaire?" "What, Las Cases, are you a military man? I have never till
+now seen you in uniform." He answered, "Please your Majesty, before the
+revolution I was a lieutenant in the navy; and as I think an uniform
+carries more consideration with it in a foreign country, I have adopted
+it."</p>
+
+<p>His attention was now drawn to the men on the Superb's yards, as well as
+to the appearance of the ship, about which he made some observations,
+and asked several questions; among others, whether she was French or
+English; what her age was; the number of guns she carried, and the
+weight of metal on each deck.</p>
+
+<p>On going alongside, General Bertrand went up and announced to the
+Admiral, that the Emperor, for they always gave him that title, was in
+the boat. He then went up, and was received by Sir Henry Hotham on the
+quarter-deck, where a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page090" name="page090"></a>(p. 090)</span> captain's guard was turned out to him.
+He was immediately shown into the cabin, and, after looking round him,
+requested to have the officers presented, which was done; when he asked
+nearly the same questions of each, that he had put to those of the
+Bellerophon the day before. He then expressed a wish to go through the
+ship; and did so, accompanied by several of his own suite, the Admiral,
+Captain Senhouse, and myself. The men were drawn up at divisions, and
+every thing was in the nicest order. He appeared much pleased with all
+he saw, and drew many comparisons between French and English ships of
+war. On going through the wings and storerooms, he said to General
+Savary, "Our ships have nothing of this sort:" who answered, "All the
+new ones, built at Antwerp, were constructed on this plan." When he
+returned to the quarter-deck, he questioned the Admiral and myself very
+minutely, about the clothing and victualling <span class="pagenum"><a id="page091" name="page091"></a>(p. 091)</span> of the seamen. It
+was then, on being told that all that department was under the charge of
+the purser, he said in a facetious way, "Je crois que c'est quelquefois
+chez vous, comme chez nous, le commissaire est un peu coquin." "I
+believe it happens sometimes with you, as it does with us, that the
+purser is a little of a rogue." This was addressed to the Admiral and
+me, with whom he was conversing, and not to the people, as has been
+represented; nor was there a man that could have understood it, as it
+was spoken in French, and not within their hearing. He asked to see the
+Chaplain, put a few questions to him as to the number of Catholics and
+foreigners in the ship, and whether any of them spoke the French
+language. A Guernsey man was pointed out to him, but he had no
+conversation with him.</p>
+
+<p>He was then shown into the cabin, where breakfast was prepared: during
+which meal <span class="pagenum"><a id="page092" name="page092"></a>(p. 092)</span> he talked a good deal, but ate little, the
+breakfast being served in the English manner. I observed, during the
+whole time of breakfast, that Colonel Planat, who was much attached to
+him, and of whom Buonaparte always expressed himself in terms of
+affection, had tears running down his cheeks, and seemed greatly
+distressed at the situation of his master. And, from the opportunities I
+afterwards had of observing this young man's character, I feel convinced
+he had a strong personal attachment to Buonaparte;&mdash;and this, indeed, as
+far as I could judge, was the case also with all his other attendants,
+without exception.</p>
+
+<p>On rising from the breakfast-table, the whole party went into the
+after-cabin, where a discussion took place about Buonaparte's horses and
+carriages, which had been left at Rochefort, and which he was desirous
+of having forwarded to England. I had formerly agreed, in the event of
+their <span class="pagenum"><a id="page093" name="page093"></a>(p. 093)</span> arriving, to receive two carriages, and five or six
+horses, as many as the ship could conveniently stow; but as they had not
+come, the Admiral now consented to give a passport for a vessel to
+transport the whole of them, consisting of six carriages and forty-five
+horses: which was accordingly made out, and forwarded to Monsieur
+Philibert, the senior naval officer at Isle d'Aix, but I believe it was
+never acted upon.</p>
+
+<p>We all returned to the Bellerophon about noon, when the ships present
+manned their yards, the boat was immediately hoisted in, and the ship
+got under weigh, in pursuance of orders from the Admiral, of which the
+following is an extract.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of an Order from Rear Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated
+     Superb, in Basque Roads, July 15th, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"You are hereby required and directed to take the Myrmidon under your
+orders, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page094" name="page094"></a>(p. 094)</span> and, putting on board her such persons composing a
+part of the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte as cannot be conveyed in the
+Bellerophon, you are to put to sea in H.M.S. under your command, in
+company with the Myrmidon, and make the best of your way with Napoleon
+Buonaparte and his suite to Torbay, and there landing the officer of the
+ship bearing my flag, whom I have charged with a despatch addressed to
+the Secretary of the Admiralty, as well as an officer of the ship you
+command, for the purpose of proceeding express to Plymouth with the
+despatch you will herewith receive, addressed to Admiral Lord Keith, and
+a copy of these instructions (which you will transmit to his Lordship,)
+await orders from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, or his
+Lordship, for your further proceedings."</p>
+
+<p>During the time we were heaving the anchor up, and setting the sails,
+Buonaparte <span class="pagenum"><a id="page095" name="page095"></a>(p. 095)</span> remained on the break of the poop; and was very
+inquisitive about what was going on. He observed, "Your method of
+performing this man&oelig;uvre is quite different from the French;" and
+added, "What I admire most in your ship, is the extreme silence and
+orderly conduct of your men:&mdash;on board a French ship, every one calls
+and gives orders, and they gabble like so many geese." Previous to his
+quitting the Bellerophon he made the same remark, saying, "There has
+been less noise in this ship, where there are six hundred men, during
+the whole of the time I have been in her, than there was on board the
+�pervier, with only one hundred, in the passage from Isle d'Aix to
+Basque Roads."</p>
+
+<p>Soon after the ship was under weigh, the Mouche joined, with three or
+four sheep, a quantity of vegetables, and other refreshments,&mdash;a present
+from the French Commodore to Buonaparte. After receiving <span class="pagenum"><a id="page096" name="page096"></a>(p. 096)</span> them
+on board, we made sail, accompanied by the Myrmidon, for England.</p>
+
+<p>In working out, we passed within about a cable's length of the Superb.
+He asked me if I considered that was near enough for a naval engagement:
+I answered, that half the distance, or even less, would suit much
+better; as it was a maxim in our navy, not to be further from our enemy
+than to give room for working the yards, and man&oelig;uvring the ship.</p>
+
+<p>He remained upon deck all the time the ship was beating out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche. Having cleared the Chasseron shoal about six <span class="smcap">P.M.</span>,
+dinner was served. He conversed a great deal at table, and seemed in
+very good spirits; told several anecdotes of himself; among others, one
+relating to Sir Sydney Smith. Knowing that I had served under that
+officer on the coast of Syria, he turned to me and said, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page097" name="page097"></a>(p. 097)</span> "Did
+Sir Sydney Smith ever tell you the cause of his quarrel with me?" I
+answered he had not. "Then," said he, "I will.&mdash;When the French army was
+before St Jean d'Acre, he had a paper privately distributed among the
+officers and soldiers, tending to induce them to revolt and quit me; on
+which I issued a proclamation, denouncing the English commanding-officer
+as a madman, and prohibiting all intercourse with him. This nettled Sir
+Sydney so much, that he sent me a challenge to meet him in single combat
+on the beach at Caiffa. My reply was, that when Marlborough appeared for
+that purpose, I should be at his service; but I had other duties to
+fulfil besides fighting a duel with an English commodore." He pursued
+the subject of Syria, and said, patting me (who was sitting next him) on
+the head; "If it had not been for you English, I should have been
+Emperor of the East; but wherever there is water to float a <span class="pagenum"><a id="page098" name="page098"></a>(p. 098)</span>
+ship, we are sure to find you in our way."</p>
+
+<p>During the 17th and 18th of July, the weather was very fine, and nothing
+of note occurred. Several strange vessels were seen, about which
+Buonaparte and his attendants were very inquisitive, in order, I
+presume, that they might judge whether they would probably have escaped
+or not, had they put to sea. The only ship of war fallen in with on
+those days was the Bacchus sloop, which I pointed out; and at the same
+time informed him, that we had several frigates cruising in this
+position, for the purpose of intercepting him, had he got past the ships
+stationed close in with the land. This, as it afterward appeared, was
+not the case: the Endymion having gone into the Gironde, the Liffey
+having sprung her bowsprit and returned to England, and the others, from
+various causes, having quitted the station; so that, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page099" name="page099"></a>(p. 099)</span> had he
+passed the squadron off Rochefort, there can be little doubt he would
+have made his voyage in safety to America.</p>
+
+<p>About this time, Buonaparte amused himself by playing at cards after
+breakfast: the game was <i>vingt-un</i>, in which all the party joined,
+except myself. He proposed that I should play with them, but I told him
+I had no money, making it a rule to leave it all with my wife before I
+went to sea: on which he laughed, and good-humouredly offered to lend me
+some, and trust me until we arrived in England: I, however, declined his
+offer, having the numerous duties of the ship to attend to.</p>
+
+<p>As my despatch of the 14th instant to the Secretary of the Admiralty had
+been very short, and written in great haste,&mdash;being desirous that his
+Majesty's Ministers should be made acquainted with the important
+arrangements agreed upon, as early <span class="pagenum"><a id="page100" name="page100"></a>(p. 100)</span> as possible,&mdash;I considered
+it right to make a more detailed report to the Commander in Chief; and
+therefore wrote a despatch to Lord Keith, of which the following are
+extracts, intending to send it by the officer who should announce to him
+the Bellerophon's arrival in Torbay.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter From Captain Maitland, Addressed To Admiral
+     Viscount Keith, G.C.B., Dated on Board H.M. Ship Bellerophon, at
+     Sea, July 18th, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"Having received directions from Sir Henry Hotham to forward the
+accompanying despatch to your Lordship by an officer, I avail myself of
+the opportunity to explain the circumstances under which I was placed
+when induced to receive Napoleon Buonaparte into the ship I command.</p>
+
+<p>"After the first communication was made to me by Count Bertrand (a copy
+of which, with my answer, has been forwarded to your Lordship by Sir
+Henry Hotham) that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page101" name="page101"></a>(p. 101)</span> Buonaparte was at Isle d'Aix, and actually
+embarked on board the frigates for the purpose of proceeding to the
+United States of America, my duty became peculiarly harassing and
+anxious, owing to the numerous reports, that were daily brought from all
+quarters, of his intention to escape in vessels of various descriptions,
+and from different situations on the coast, of which the limited means I
+possessed, together with the length of time requisite to communicate
+with Sir Henry Hotham at Quiberon Bay, rendered the success at least
+possible, and even probable. Thus situated, the enemy having two
+frigates and a brig, while the force under my command consisted of the
+Bellerophon and Slaney (having detached the Myrmidon to reinforce the
+Daphne off the Mamusson passage, where the force was considerably
+superior to her, and whence one of the reports stated Buonaparte meant
+to sail,) another flag of truce was sent out, for the ostensible reason
+of enquiring whether <span class="pagenum"><a id="page102" name="page102"></a>(p. 102)</span> I had received an answer to the former,
+but I soon ascertained the real one to be a proposal from Buonaparte to
+embark for England in this ship.</p>
+
+<p>"Taking into consideration all the circumstances of the probability of
+the escape being effected, if the trial was made either in the frigates,
+or clandestinely in a small vessel, as, had this ship been disabled in
+action, there was no other with me that could produce any effect on a
+frigate, and, from the experience I have had in blockading the ports of
+the bay, knowing the impossibility of preventing small vessels from
+getting to sea, and looking upon it as of the greatest importance to get
+possession of the person of Buonaparte; I was induced, without
+hesitation, to accede to the proposal, as far as taking him on board,
+and proceeding with him to England: but, at the same time, stating in
+the most clear and positive terms, that I had no authority <span class="pagenum"><a id="page103" name="page103"></a>(p. 103)</span> to
+make any sort of stipulation as to the reception he was to meet with.</p>
+
+<p>"I am happy to say, that the measures I have adopted have met with the
+approbation of Sir Henry Hotham, and will, I trust and hope, receive
+that of your Lordship, as well as of his Majesty's Government."</p>
+
+<p>On the 29th, a conversation took place between Madame Bertrand and
+myself, about Buonaparte's voyage to Elba. She asked me if I was
+acquainted with Captain Usher. On my answering in the negative, she
+said, "The Emperor is very fond of him: he gave him his portrait set
+with diamonds, and has another which he intends for you." I replied, "I
+hope not, as I cannot accept of it. Captain Usher's situation and mine
+were very different, and what might be proper in him would not be so in
+me." She rejoined, "If you do not accept of it, you will offend him very
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page104" name="page104"></a>(p. 104)</span> much." "If that is the case," I said, "I shall be obliged to
+you to take steps to prevent its being offered, as I wish to save him
+the mortification, and myself the pain, of a refusal; and I feel it
+absolutely impossible, situated as I am, to take a present from him. In
+receiving him on board, I had no direct authority from my Government,
+and I have yet to learn whether my conduct will be approved of. Besides,
+were I to receive a present of such value, it might possibly be said,
+that I was actuated by selfish motives; whereas all the measures I have
+taken were dictated solely by the desire of serving my country to the
+best of my judgment: if, therefore, I am to receive any reward, it must
+come from that quarter."</p>
+
+<p>On the 20th of July, early in the morning, we spoke the Swiftsure, on
+her way from England to reinforce me in the blockade of Rochefort. The
+astonishment of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page105" name="page105"></a>(p. 105)</span> Captain Webley can scarcely be conceived, when,
+on his entering the ship, I said, "Well, I have got him." "Got him! got
+whom?" "Why, Buonaparte; the man that has been keeping all Europe in a
+ferment these last twenty years." "Is it possible?" said he; "well, you
+are a lucky fellow." We had some further conversation; but Captain
+Webley was not introduced to Buonaparte, who had not then left his
+cabin; and as the Swiftsure was going to the southward, and I was
+desirous of getting to England as quickly as possible, we soon parted
+company.</p>
+
+<p>During the 21st and 22nd of July, we exchanged signals with two or three
+others of our ships, which I took care to explain were on the look-out
+for my guest; and he seemed by this time pretty well convinced that an
+attempt to elude our cruisers would have been fruitless. On the latter
+day, the Prometheus showed her number, while we <span class="pagenum"><a id="page106" name="page106"></a>(p. 106)</span> were at
+dinner: when Buonaparte expressed a wish to know whether the ships at
+Brest had hoisted the white flag or not. I sent for the officer of the
+watch, and desired him to ask the question by telegraph. In a few
+minutes he returned, with an answer in the affirmative. Buonaparte made
+no remark upon this information; but asked, with apparent indifference,
+how the question and answer had been conveyed; and when I explained it
+to him, he approved highly of the usefulness of the invention.</p>
+
+<p>During meals, he always entered very freely and familiarly into
+conversation with those about him, addressing himself frequently to Las
+Cases and me; asking many questions about the manners, customs, and laws
+of the English; often repeating the observation he had made on first
+coming on board, that he must gain all the information possible on those
+subjects, and conform himself to them, as he should <span class="pagenum"><a id="page107" name="page107"></a>(p. 107)</span> probably
+end his life among that people. Monsieur Las Cases, it appears, had
+emigrated from France early in the revolution, and remained in England
+until the peace of Amiens, when he was allowed to return to his own
+country.</p>
+
+<p>Sunday, the 23rd of July, we passed very near to Ushant: the day was
+fine, and Buonaparte remained upon deck great part of the morning. He
+cast many a melancholy look at the coast of France, but made few
+observations on it. He asked several questions about the coast of
+England; whether it was safe to approach; its distance, and the part we
+were likely to make. About eight in the evening, the high land of
+Dartmoor was discovered, when I went into the cabin and told him of it:
+I found him in a flannel dressing-gown, nearly undressed, and preparing
+to go to bed. He put on his greatcoat, came out upon deck, and remained
+some time looking at the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page108" name="page108"></a>(p. 108)</span> land; asking its distance from
+Torbay, and the probable time of our arrival there.</p>
+
+<a id="img005" name="img005"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img005.jpg" width="600" height="398" alt="" title="">
+<p class="smcap">Napoleon on Board the Bellerophon</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At daybreak of the 24th of July, we were close off Dartmouth. Count
+Bertrand went into the cabin, and informed Buonaparte of it, who came
+upon deck about half-past four, and remained on the poop until the ship
+anchored in Torbay. He talked with admiration of the boldness of the
+coast; saying, "You have in that respect a great advantage over France,
+which is surrounded by rocks and dangers." On opening Torbay, he was
+much struck with the beauty of the scenery; and exclaimed, "What a
+beautiful country! it very much resembles the bay of Porto Ferrajo, in
+Elba."</p>
+
+<p>The ship was scarcely at anchor, when an officer came alongside,
+bringing an order from Lord Keith; of which I give an extract.</p>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page109" name="page109"></a>(p. 109)</span> Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville
+     de Paris, Hamoaze, 23rd July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"Captain Sartorius, of His Majesty's ship Slaney, delivered to me last
+night, at eleven o'clock, your despatch of the 14th instant, acquainting
+me that Buonaparte had proposed to embark on board the ship you command;
+and that you had acceded thereto, with the intention of proceeding to
+Torbay, there to wait for further orders. I lost no time in forwarding
+your letter by Captain Sartorius to the Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, in order that their Lordships might, through him, be
+acquainted with every circumstance that had occurred on an occasion of
+so much importance; and you may expect orders from their Lordships for
+your further guidance. You are to remain in Torbay until you receive
+such orders; and in the mean time, in addition to the directions
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page110" name="page110"></a>(p. 110)</span> already in your possession, you are most positively ordered to
+prevent every person whatever from coming on board the ship you command,
+except the officers and men who compose her crew; nor is any person
+whatever, whether in His Majesty's service or not, who does not belong
+to the ship, to be suffered to come on board, either for the purpose of
+visiting the officers, or on any pretence whatever, without express
+permission either from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, or from
+me. As I understand from Captain Sartorius, that General Gourgaud
+refused to deliver the letter with which he was charged for the Prince
+Regent, to any person except his Royal Highness, you are to take him out
+of the Slaney, into the ship you command, until you receive directions
+from the Admiralty on the subject, and order that ship back to Plymouth
+Sound, when Captain Sartorius returns from London."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page111" name="page111"></a>(p. 111)</span> Along with the above order, I received a letter from Lord
+Keith, of which I give some extracts.</p>
+
+<p>"You will perceive by the newspapers, that the intelligence had reached
+London before Captain Sartorius, owing to his long passage. I have a
+letter from Lord Melville to-day, enforcing in the strongest manner the
+former orders,&mdash;even that no person, myself or Sir John Duckworth
+excepted, shall be suffered to come on board the ship, till orders are
+sent from Government; which you will be so good as strictly to comply
+with. Let him and his want for nothing; and send to me for any thing
+Brixham cannot furnish; I will send it to you by a small vessel. You may
+say to Napoleon, that I am under the greatest personal obligations to
+him for his attention to my nephew, who was taken and brought before him
+at Belle <span class="pagenum"><a id="page112" name="page112"></a>(p. 112)</span> Alliance, and who must have died, if he had not
+ordered a surgeon to dress him immediately, and sent him to a hut. I am
+glad it fell into your hands at this time, because a Frenchman had been
+sent from Paris on the mission, a Monsieur Drigni."</p>
+
+<p>Buonaparte recollected the circumstance alluded to, and seemed much
+gratified with Lord Keith's acknowledgments.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon and all his attendants were very anxious to see as many
+newspapers as possible, but particularly the Courier, which they
+considered the Ministerial paper, and most likely to contain the
+intentions of Government respecting them. They received little
+encouragement from any of them, but least of all from those which are
+supposed to take the Ministerial side in politics, as they not only
+contained a great deal that was personally offensive, but stated, in
+very plain terms, that none <span class="pagenum"><a id="page113" name="page113"></a>(p. 113)</span> of the party would be allowed to
+land in England, and that St Helena was the probable place of their
+ultimate destination. Buonaparte himself always affected to consider
+this as a mere newspaper report, though I believe it gave him a good
+deal of uneasiness. His followers received it with much irritation and
+impatience, frequently endeavouring to convince me that our Government
+could have no right to dispose of them in that way, and talking to me,
+as if I had been one of his Majesty's Ministers, and had influence in
+determining on their future destination. All I could say on the subject
+did not prevent them from frequently recurring to it, and appealing
+against the injustice of such a measure.</p>
+
+<p>This morning General Gourgaud returned from the Slaney, which we found
+lying here, not having been permitted to land, and having refused to
+deliver the letter he had been charged with for the Prince <span class="pagenum"><a id="page114" name="page114"></a>(p. 114)</span>
+Regent to any person except his Royal Highness himself.</p>
+
+<p>When I was conversing with Madame Bertrand, she said, "Had the Emperor
+gained the battle of Waterloo, he would have been firmly seated on the
+throne of France." I answered, "It certainly might have protracted his
+downfall, but, in all probability, he would have been overthrown at
+last, as the Russians were fast advancing, and he never could have
+resisted the combined forces of the Allies." To which she replied, "If
+your army had been defeated, the Russians never would have acted against
+him." "That I cannot believe," I said, "as they were using every effort
+to join and support the Allies; and the assertion is ridiculous." "Ah,"
+said she, "you may laugh at it, and so may other people, nor will it,
+perhaps, now be discovered; but remember what I say, and be assured that
+at some future period it <span class="pagenum"><a id="page115" name="page115"></a>(p. 115)</span> will be proved, that it never was
+Alexander's intention to cross the frontiers of France, in opposition to
+him."</p>
+
+<p>In the course of the day I received many applications for admittance
+into the ship: among others a note from a lady residing in the
+neighbourhood, accompanied by a basket of fruit, requesting a boat might
+be sent for her next morning. I returned a civil answer, informing her
+that my instructions would not admit of her request being complied with:
+no more fruit was sent from that quarter. Lord Gwydir and Lord Charles
+Bentinck also applied for admittance, but with no better success.</p>
+
+<p>No sooner was Buonaparte's arrival known in the neighbourhood, than the
+ship was surrounded by a crowd of boats, people being drawn from all
+quarters to see this extraordinary man. He came often upon deck, and
+showed himself at the gangways <span class="pagenum"><a id="page116" name="page116"></a>(p. 116)</span> and stern windows, apparently
+for the purpose of gratifying their curiosity, of which, as he observed
+to me, the English appeared to have a very large portion.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening, the officer who had been sent to Plymouth, on the ship's
+arrival, with despatches for Lord Keith, returned, bringing letters,
+from which I give the following extracts:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville
+     de Paris, Hamoaze, July 24, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"The officer of the ship you command has just delivered to me your
+letter of this date, reporting your arrival in Torbay, with the
+Bellerophon and Myrmidon, having on board Napoleon Buonaparte and his
+suite. I have also received your other letter, explaining the
+circumstances under which you were placed, when you were induced to
+receive Napoleon on board; and I shall <span class="pagenum"><a id="page117" name="page117"></a>(p. 117)</span> transmit the same to
+the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, in confident expectation, that
+his Majesty's Government will fully approve of your conduct."</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S, Bellerophon, dated 24th
+     July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"I take the opportunity of your officer's return, to congratulate you
+and the nation, and to thank you for the perfect manner in which you
+entered into my views on the subject, and for the management of the
+blockade, about which I was most anxious. It will not be long ere you
+are instructed by the Government: the first express would arrive about
+four o'clock this morning, and I attempt a telegraph message, but it is
+cloudy. I beg you will send for any thing you may want, to me, and it
+shall be sent instantly; and I beg to present my respects to Napoleon,
+and if I can render him any civility, I will consider it my duty, as
+well <span class="pagenum"><a id="page118" name="page118"></a>(p. 118)</span> as in gratitude for Captain Elphinstone's report of the
+attention he received from him on the field of battle."</p>
+
+<p>During the 25th of July, the concourse of people round the ship was
+greater than the day before, and the anxiety of the Frenchmen was
+considerably augmented by the confidence with which the newspapers spoke
+of the intention to remove Buonaparte to St Helena. In the afternoon, he
+walked above an hour on deck, frequently stood at the gangway, or
+opposite to the quarter-deck ports, for the purpose of giving the people
+an opportunity of seeing him, and, whenever he observed any well-dressed
+women, pulled his hat off, and bowed to them.</p>
+
+<p>At dinner he conversed as usual, was inquisitive about the kinds of fish
+produced on the coast of England, and ate part of a turbot that was at
+table, with much relish. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page119" name="page119"></a>(p. 119)</span> He then spoke of the character of the
+fishermen and boatmen on our coast, saying, "They are generally
+smugglers as well as fishermen; at one time a great many of them were in
+my pay, for the purpose of obtaining intelligence, bringing money over
+to France, and assisting prisoners of war to escape. They even offered,
+for a large sum of money, to seize the person of Louis, and deliver him
+into my hands; but as they could not guarantee the preservation of his
+life, I would not give my consent to the measure."</p>
+
+<p>At three in the morning of the 26th of July, Captain Sartorius returned
+from London; having carried my despatch announcing Buonaparte's
+intention to embark in the Bellerophon, and brought with him orders for
+me to proceed to Plymouth Sound. We immediately got under weigh,
+accompanied by the Myrmidon and Slaney. While heaving the anchor up, Las
+Cases <span class="pagenum"><a id="page120" name="page120"></a>(p. 120)</span> came upon deck, when I told him the ship was ordered to
+Plymouth, supposing, if he thought it requisite, he would acquaint his
+master. Soon after the ship was at sea, Madame Bertrand made her
+appearance, when she attacked me with some warmth for having neglected
+to acquaint Buonaparte with the orders I had received, and told me he
+was excessively offended. As she had once or twice before, when every
+thing did not go exactly as she wished, held the same language, I
+determined to ascertain whether Buonaparte had expressed any
+dissatisfaction, and, if so, to come to an explanation with him, as,
+though I was inclined to treat him with every proper consideration, it
+never was my intention to be looked upon as responsible to him for my
+movements; I therefore told Las Cases what she had said, and requested
+he would ascertain whether Napoleon really had felt displeased. He
+immediately went into the cabin, and on his return assured me that there
+must <span class="pagenum"><a id="page121" name="page121"></a>(p. 121)</span> have been some mistake, as nothing of the kind had taken
+place.</p>
+
+<p>The ship's removal to the westward was by no means an agreeable event to
+the suite of my guest: they naturally reasoned, that, had it been the
+intention of the British Government to allow him to land in England, he
+would not have been removed further from the Metropolis. He, however,
+made no observations on the subject himself; still affecting to consider
+the reports in the newspapers as the surmises of the editors.</p>
+
+<p>We had, during the forenoon of the 26th of July, to beat up from the
+Start to Plymouth Sound, against a strong northerly wind. Buonaparte
+remained upon deck the greater part of the day. When going into the
+Sound, I pointed out the Breakwater to him, and described the manner in
+which they were forming it. He said, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page122" name="page122"></a>(p. 122)</span> it was a great national
+undertaking, and highly honourable to the country; enquired the
+estimated expense, and seemed surprised, when I told him it was expected
+to be finished for something less than a million sterling. He added, "I
+have expended a large sum of money on the port of Cherbourg, and in
+forming the Boyart Fort, to protect the anchorage at Isle d'Aix; but I
+fear now, those and many other of my improvements will be neglected, and
+allowed to go to ruin."</p>
+
+<p>When the ship had anchored, I informed him I was going to wait on the
+Commander-in-chief, and requested to know if I could convey any message
+from him. He desired me to return his thanks to Lord Keith, for the kind
+intentions he had expressed towards him in his letters to me, and to say
+he was extremely anxious to see his Lordship, if it could be done with
+propriety. On delivering his message to Lord Keith, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page123" name="page123"></a>(p. 123)</span> he
+answered, "I would wait upon him with much pleasure, but, to tell you
+the truth, I have as yet received no instructions as to the manner in
+which he is to be treated; and until I do receive these, I cannot well
+visit him." He then gave me some precautionary orders to prevent his
+escape, or any attempt to effect it. From which I give the extracts
+below.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., to
+     Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Hamoaze, July 26,
+     1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"In addition to the orders already received, you are to pay the
+strictest regard and attention to the directions contained in the
+enclosed extract of a letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty. If
+General Gourgaud has not already been taken out of the Slaney, you are
+to cause him to be removed immediately into the ship you command. I
+enclose, for your information, a copy of a general order that I have
+issued, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page124" name="page124"></a>(p. 124)</span> forbidding communication with the ship you command;
+and it is my intention to order the Liffey and Eurotas to anchor near
+you, and to row guard."</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty to
+     Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated 24th July, 1815, enclosed
+     in the foregoing.</h6>
+
+<p>"Referring your Lordship to Mr Croker's letter of the 1st instant,
+respecting Buonaparte, I am to signify their Lordships' directions to
+you, to give the most positive orders to Captain Maitland to prevent all
+communication whatever with the shore but through him, and by him
+through your Lordship; and on no account to permit any person whatsoever
+to go on board the ship, without your Lordship's permission given in
+writing for that purpose; which permission, for obvious reasons, will
+only be granted in such cases as the public service may require: and
+proper measures are to be taken to prevent boats and small craft from
+crowding near the Bellerophon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page125" name="page125"></a>(p. 125)</span> "Your Lordship will restrict the captains and commanders of
+your squadron from communicating, until further orders, with the
+Bellerophon."</p>
+
+<h6>There was also enclosed the following copy of a Memorandum,
+     addressed to the respective Captains of H.M. Ships Liffey and
+     Eurotas.</h6>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze,<br>
+  26th July, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Memo</span>:</p>
+
+<p>"The Liffey and Eurotas are to take up an anchorage on each side of the
+Bellerophon, at a convenient distance, and observe the following
+directions, as well for the purpose of preventing the escape of
+Buonaparte, or any of his suite, from that ship, as for restraining
+shore-boats and others from approaching too close to her, either from
+curiosity or any other motive.</p>
+
+<p>"A constant watch of an officer, a quarter-watch, and double sentinels,
+are to be kept by day, as well as a boat manned and armed alongside, in
+constant readiness, as a guard-boat: <span class="pagenum"><a id="page126" name="page126"></a>(p. 126)</span> the same precaution is to
+be observed all night, with the exception, that one of the boats, in
+charge of a lieutenant, is to row guard, and to be relieved every hour.</p>
+
+<p>"No shore-boats, or others, are to be suffered, either by night or by
+day, to approach nearer the Bellerophon than one cable's length; and no
+boats are to be permitted to loiter about the ship, even at that
+distance, either from curiosity or any other motive: neither the
+captains of the Liffey or Eurotas, nor any other officer belonging to
+those or any other ships, are to go on board the Bellerophon, either to
+visit, or on any pretence whatever, without permission from me in
+writing."</p>
+
+<p class="left50">Signed, <span class="smcap">Keith</span>, Admiral.</p>
+
+<p>A Copy.</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent"><span class="left10">Keith, Admiral.</span><br>
+  To the respective Captains of the<br>
+<span class="left10">Liffey and Eurotas.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page127" name="page127"></a>(p. 127)</span> When I returned on board, I found the frigates had taken their
+positions as directed in the last order, and their boats were
+endeavouring as much as possible to keep the shore-boats at the
+specified distance from the ship. I stated to Buonaparte what Lord Keith
+had said; to which he answered, "I am extremely anxious to see the
+Admiral, and therefore beg he will not stand upon ceremony: I shall be
+satisfied to be treated as a private person, until the British
+Government has determined in what light I am to be considered." He then
+complained of the two frigates being placed as guard-ships over him, "as
+if," said he, "I were not perfectly secure on board a British
+line-of-battle ship;" and added, "The guard-ships' boats have been
+firing musquetry all the evening, to keep the shore-boats at a distance:
+it disturbs and distresses me, and I shall be obliged to you to prevent
+it, if it lies in your power." I immediately sent to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page128" name="page128"></a>(p. 128)</span>
+Captains of the frigates, to put a stop to the firing.</p>
+
+<p>On the 27th of July, I received a letter from the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, of which I give an extract:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated 25th
+     July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"I have received and laid before my Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, your letter of yesterday's date, reporting your arrival in
+the Bellerophon in Torbay, accompanied by the Myrmidon, having on board
+Napoleon Buonaparte and suite, and transmitting a copy of a letter you
+had addressed to Admiral Lord Keith, reporting your proceedings, under
+the various circumstances which occurred prior to his embarkation, of
+which their Lordships have been pleased to direct me to signify their
+approval."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page129" name="page129"></a>(p. 129)</span> I waited on Lord Keith in the morning, and carried with me
+Buonaparte's original letter to the Prince Regent, which General
+Gourgaud had refused to deliver to Captain Sartorius: finding that one
+of his own officers would not be allowed to proceed with it, he now
+consented to its being forwarded through the Admiral. I reported to his
+Lordship all the occurrences of the previous day; and that, in
+consequence of the frequent repetition in the newspapers of its being
+the intention of his Majesty's Government to send Buonaparte to St
+Helena, he, as well as the officers of his suite, had expressed much
+uneasiness. I also carried a message from him, stating his desire to see
+his Lordship, and that he would willingly waive all ceremony, and be
+considered as a private person. To which Lord Keith answered, "I shall
+now have no difficulty whatever, having received full instructions as to
+the manner in which he is to be treated: he is to be considered
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page130" name="page130"></a>(p. 130)</span> as a General Officer, and have the respect due to that rank
+paid him, and no more: you may therefore say I shall wait on him
+to-morrow forenoon." He then put into my hands the following additional
+orders.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville
+     de Paris, Hamoaze, 27th July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"I herewith transmit an extract of an order, containing certain
+directions relative to Buonaparte and his suite, and you are forthwith
+to carry the same into execution; sending on board the Liffey or
+Myrmidon, with directions similar to those that have been addressed to
+yourself, such of his suite as are to be withdrawn from the ship you
+command."</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of an Order from the Lords Commissioners of the
+     Admiralty, to Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated July 25th,
+     1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"That he should give immediate orders, that, upon the arrival of the
+Bellerophon, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page131" name="page131"></a>(p. 131)</span> Napoleon Buonaparte should remain, until the
+Prince Regent's further pleasure shall be signified, on board of that,
+or such other ship of war as we shall appoint, and shall not be
+permitted on any account to come on shore; or to hold communication with
+the shore, or with other vessels, either personally, or by writing. Not
+more than four or five persons of his suite (exclusive of menial
+servants) are to remain on board the same ship with himself: the
+remainder of his suite are to be kept under similar restraint, on board
+of other vessels of war. Napoleon Buonaparte is to be considered and
+addressed as a General Officer."</p>
+
+<p>In consequence of those orders, several of the officers of inferior
+rank, and some of the servants, were sent to the frigates appointed to
+guard us.</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon Sir Richard and Lady Strachan, accompanied by Mrs
+Maitland, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page132" name="page132"></a>(p. 132)</span> came alongside the ship. Buonaparte was walking the
+deck, and, when I told him my wife was in the boat, he went to the
+gangway, pulled off his hat, and asked her if she would not come up and
+visit him. She shook her head; and I informed him, that my orders were
+so positive, I could not even allow her to come on board. He answered,
+"C'est dur, �a." "That is very hard." And addressing himself to her,
+"Milord Keith est un peu trop sev�re; n'est-ce pas, Madame?" "Lord Keith
+is a little too severe; is he not, Madam?" He then said to me, "Ma foi,
+son portrait ne la flatte pas; elle est encore plus jolie que lui." "I
+assure you her portrait is not flattering; she is handsomer than it is."
+I told him Sir Richard Strachan was in the boat with her, and that he
+was second in command of the Channel fleet: he bowed to him, and said,
+"He appears a very young man to hold so high a rank."</p>
+
+<a id="img006" name="img006"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img006.jpg" width="550" height="325" alt="" title="">
+<p class="smcap">H.M.S. Bellerophon at Plymouth.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page133" name="page133"></a>(p. 133)</span> There were this day a great many boats round the ship, full of
+people, among which were a number of well-dressed females. He expressed
+himself in strong terms of admiration of the beauty of the English
+women, and was desirous of knowing which were the ladies,&mdash;"les dames
+comme il faut," as he termed it; as they were all so well dressed that
+he could not distinguish them.</p>
+
+<p>In the evening a letter was sent to me by Lord Keith, of which I subjoin
+an extract:&mdash;</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville
+     de Paris, Hamoaze, 27th July, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"From the representation you have made to me of the dissatisfaction
+expressed by Buonaparte, on observing by the newspapers that he was to
+be sent to St Helena; it will be necessary that you redouble your
+vigilance to prevent his escape; and you are therefore to station double
+sentinels, and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page134" name="page134"></a>(p. 134)</span> resort to every other means that may be
+necessary for frustrating any such intention."</p>
+
+<p>On the 28th of July, Lord Keith came on board, between eleven and twelve
+o'clock, and was shown by me into the cabin, where Count Bertrand
+introduced him to Buonaparte. I immediately withdrew, and cannot
+therefore state what passed between them; but Lord Keith afterwards
+informed me, that Buonaparte had been very anxious to know whether the
+Government had come to any determination with regard to his disposal; of
+which his Lordship professed total ignorance.</p>
+
+<p>After Lord Keith came out of the cabin, he remained some time with
+Buonaparte's suite, who were collected in the state room. Madame
+Bertrand drew him aside, and entered into conversation with him, saying
+what she had repeated to me a hundred times, that it would be the height
+of injustice <span class="pagenum"><a id="page135" name="page135"></a>(p. 135)</span> to send them to St Helena, and endeavouring to
+persuade him to interfere in preventing her husband at least from going,
+should Napoleon be sent there.</p>
+
+<p>During the whole of the 29th of July it rained incessantly, and nothing
+worth relating took place: the Frenchmen were deprived of their usual
+amusement of admiring the ladies, and being admired in return, not a
+boat having made its appearance. They often remarked, with the
+characteristic vivacity of their nation, that they were placed in the
+situation of Tantalus,&mdash;so many beauties in view, without the
+possibility of approaching them.</p>
+
+<p>On Sunday, the 30th of July, the crowd of boats was greater than I ever
+remember to have seen at one time. I am certain I speak within bounds
+when I state, that upwards of a thousand were collected round the ship,
+in each of which, on an <span class="pagenum"><a id="page136" name="page136"></a>(p. 136)</span> average, there were not fewer than
+eight people. The crush was so great, as to render it quite impossible
+for the guard-boats to keep them off; though a boat belonging to one of
+the frigates made use of very violent means to effect it, frequently
+running against small boats, containing women, with such force as nearly
+to upset them, and alarming the ladies extremely. The French officers
+were very indignant at such rude proceedings, saying, "Is this your
+English liberty? Were such a thing to happen in France, the men would
+rise with one accord and throw that officer and his crew overboard."</p>
+
+<p>After the ship's arrival in England, Buonaparte seldom left the cabin
+earlier than five o'clock in the afternoon; passing his time in walking
+up and down the after-cabin, reading a great deal,<a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href="#footnote8" title="Go to footnote 8"><span class="smaller">[8]</span></a> and often falling
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page137" name="page137"></a>(p. 137)</span> asleep on the sopha, having within these two or three years
+become very lethargic.</p>
+
+<p>I this day informed him, that Lord Keith had received an intimation,
+that Sir Henry Bunbury, one of the Under Secretaries of State, was to
+arrive in the course of the day with the decision of the British
+Government as to his future disposal. He asked me many questions, but,
+although Lord Keith had acquainted me that Buonaparte was to go to St
+Helena, he had at the same time desired me not to communicate this
+information, and I was therefore obliged to evade his interrogatories as
+I best could.</p>
+
+<p>In the newspapers of this day there appeared the lists of persons
+proscribed by the Government of France. Among the first class were the
+names of Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand: the first treated it with
+derision, the two others appeared much alarmed, and often asked me if I
+thought <span class="pagenum"><a id="page138" name="page138"></a>(p. 138)</span> it possible the British Government would deliver them
+up to Louis. I said, "Decidedly not; you have been received on board an
+English man of war, and it never can be the intention of the Ministers
+to deliver you over to punishment." They were not, however, satisfied by
+any means; and a French frigate, bearing the white flag, which lay in
+Hamoaze, was an object of much jealousy to them.</p>
+
+<p>When I waited on Lord Keith, the morning of the 31st of July, he
+acquainted me that Sir Henry Bunbury had arrived, and was to accompany
+him on board at ten o'clock. He also showed me a notification of the
+decision of Government respecting Buonaparte, in which he was styled
+General throughout. It stated, that he was to be sent to St Helena, and
+to be permitted to take with him three of the higher class of those that
+had accompanied him from France, and twelve <span class="pagenum"><a id="page139" name="page139"></a>(p. 139)</span> domestics, who
+were to be selected by himself, with the exception of Savary and
+Lallemand, who were not on any account to be permitted to go with him. I
+immediately returned on board, to be in readiness to receive Lord Keith
+and Sir Henry Bunbury; and informed Buonaparte, that he might expect
+them. He asked me if I knew what they were to communicate; and having
+then received his Lordship's sanction for doing so, I told him, I
+understood it was determined he was to be sent to St Helena. His mind
+had, by this time, been so much prepared by the newspapers for that
+event, that he did not show any very strong emotion at receiving the
+intimation; though he complained, in strong terms, of the injustice of
+such a measure. As, however, the Admiral's barge was seen approaching,
+and I was obliged to go upon deck to receive him, I had very little
+conversation with him at that time.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page140" name="page140"></a>(p. 140)</span> Lord Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury arrived about half-past ten in
+the forenoon, when I showed them into the cabin, where Buonaparte was
+attended by Count Bertrand. I then withdrew, leaving them shut up with
+him for about half an hour, when Lord Keith called me into the
+fore-cabin, where all the suite were assembled, and I presented each of
+them to the Admiral and Sir Henry. They all appeared very much
+distressed, but particularly Savary and Lallemand; who were extremely
+urgent to know how they were to be disposed of; protesting, most
+vehemently, against their being given up to France, as a breach of all
+faith and honour. Madame Bertrand again tried to induce Lord Keith to
+use his influence with our Government, to prevent Bertrand from
+accompanying Buonaparte to St Helena.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as the Admiral had left the ship, Buonaparte sent for me, and
+showed <span class="pagenum"><a id="page141" name="page141"></a>(p. 141)</span> me the same paper Lord Keith had communicated to me in
+the morning. When I had read it, he complained vehemently of his
+treatment in being sent to St Helena, saying, "The idea of it is perfect
+horror to me. To be placed for life on an island within the Tropics, at
+an immense distance from any land, cut off from all communication with
+the world, and every thing that I hold dear in it!&mdash;c'est pis que la
+cage de fer de Tamerlan. (It is worse than Tamerlane's iron cage.) I
+would prefer being delivered up to the Bourbons. Among other insults,"
+said he,&mdash;"but that is a mere bagatelle, a very secondary
+consideration,&mdash;they style me General! they can have no right to call me
+General; they may as well call me Archbishop, for I was head of the
+church, as well as the army. If they do not acknowledge me as Emperor,
+they ought as First Consul; they have sent Ambassadors to me as such;
+and your King, in his letters, styled me brother. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page142" name="page142"></a>(p. 142)</span> Had they
+confined me in the Tower of London, or one of the fortresses in England,
+(though not what I had hoped from the generosity of the English people,)
+I should not have so much cause of complaint; but to banish me to an
+island within the Tropics! They might as well have signed my
+death-warrant at once, as it is impossible a man of my habit of body can
+live long in such a climate."</p>
+
+<p>He then expressed a desire to write another letter to the Prince Regent;
+and I carried it the same afternoon to Lord Keith, by whom it was
+immediately forwarded to London.</p>
+
+<p>Generals Savary and Lallemand this day made many appeals to me on the
+injustice of our Government delivering them up to France; saying they
+had not a doubt it was intended, else why except them from accompanying
+the Emperor, as they were <span class="pagenum"><a id="page143" name="page143"></a>(p. 143)</span> both married men, and Savary the
+father of a large family:&mdash;it was not the wish of either to have gone to
+St Helena; but their being expressly excepted, and their names appearing
+in the list of proscribed, was but too sure a proof of their intended
+fate. Savary added, "Were I to be allowed a fair and impartial trial, I
+should have nothing to fear, never having accepted a situation under
+Louis; but at present, when faction runs so high, I should inevitably be
+sacrificed to the fury of party. Lallemand's case is quite different: he
+held a command under the King, and, on Napoleon's return from Elba,
+joined him with his troops; therefore, his situation would at any time
+be a dangerous one:&mdash;but I lived in the country all the time Louis was
+in France, and did not come forward until Buonaparte's arrival in Paris,
+when he directed me to take the command of the Gendarmerie."</p>
+
+<p>Lallemand said, "My reason for coming <span class="pagenum"><a id="page144" name="page144"></a>(p. 144)</span> on board the Bellerophon
+with Las Cases on the morning of the 14th, was to ascertain whether
+there would be a risk of any of the Emperor's followers being delivered
+up to the French Government, in the event of their accompanying him to
+England; when you assured me there could be no danger of it." I replied,
+"My answer to you was, that I was of opinion there could be no risk of
+the British Government taking such a step; and I see no reason now to
+alter that opinion. As I have received you on board the Bellerophon, I
+consider you under the protection of the British flag, and myself, in a
+great measure, responsible for your personal safety; and under that
+impression I will write on the subject to Lord Melville, as the Minister
+under whose immediate control I act, that your minds may be set at rest,
+though, I repeat, you run no hazard of being sent to France." The same
+evening, before I went to bed, I wrote the letter which follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller"><span class="pagenum"><a id="page145" name="page145"></a>(p. 145)</span> "H.M.S. Bellerophon,<br>
+  Plymouth Sound, 31st July, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">My Lord</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I am induced to address your Lordship in consequence of having
+observed, in the intimation delivered to Napoleon Buonaparte of the
+number of persons allowed to accompany him to the Island of St Helena,
+that the names of Savary and Lallemand are expressly excepted, which,
+together with their being proscribed in the French newspapers, has
+created in them a belief that it is the intention of His Majesty's
+Government to deliver them up to the King of France. Far be it from me
+to assume such an idea; but I hope your Lordship will make allowance for
+the feelings of an officer who has nothing so dear to him as his honour,
+and who could not bear that a stain should be affixed to a name he has
+ever endeavoured to bear unblemished. These two men, Savary and
+Lallemand (what their characters or conduct in their <span class="pagenum"><a id="page146" name="page146"></a>(p. 146)</span> own
+country may be I know not), threw themselves under the protection of the
+British flag; that protection was granted them with the sanction of my
+name. It is true, no conditions were stipulated for; but I acted in the
+full confidence that their lives would be held sacred, or they should
+never have put foot in the ship I command, without being made acquainted
+that it was for the purpose of delivering them over to the laws of their
+country.</p>
+
+<p>"I again beg leave to repeat to your Lordship, that I am far from
+supposing it to be the intention of His Majesty's Government to deliver
+these men over to the laws of their country; but, as they are strongly
+impressed with that belief, and I look upon myself as the cause of their
+being in their present situation, I most earnestly beg your Lordship's
+influence may be exerted that two men may not be brought to the scaffold
+who claimed <span class="pagenum"><a id="page147" name="page147"></a>(p. 147)</span> and obtained at my hands the protection of the
+British flag.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left10">"I have the honour to be,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">&amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">"Fred. L. Maitland."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"The Viscount Melville,<br>
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p>I felt convinced that Buonaparte, after the notification he had
+received, would be too much depressed in spirits to make his appearance
+on deck this day; and sent a boat to some of my friends, who were
+waiting in hopes of seeing him, to say there was no chance of his coming
+out, as he was much distressed at the communication which had been made
+to him. I was, therefore, a good deal surprised, on turning round, to
+find him standing at my elbow; and I can only account for his showing
+himself as usual, by supposing either that he was not in fact so much
+annoyed as I had believed <span class="pagenum"><a id="page148" name="page148"></a>(p. 148)</span> him to be, or that he was actuated
+by a desire of creating a feeling of commiseration among the English
+people in his behalf.</p>
+
+<p>At dinner he conversed as usual; and, indeed, it was quite astonishing
+with what elasticity his spirits regained their usual cheerfulness,
+after such trials and disappointments. He never, in my hearing,
+threatened to commit suicide; nor do I believe he did on any occasion:
+the only expression I ever heard him make use of, that could in any way
+be construed into such a threat, was, that he would not go to St
+Helena,&mdash;"Je n'irai pas � St H�l�ne."</p>
+
+<p>As Buonaparte always retired early to bed, it was the custom for the
+French ladies and officers to assemble every evening in the ward-room,
+and partake of wine and water, punch, or bishop&mdash;a mixture consisting of
+Port, Madeira, nutmeg, and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page149" name="page149"></a>(p. 149)</span> other ingredients, well known to
+sailors, and much relished by our foreign guests.</p>
+
+<p>I was sitting this evening next Montholon, when Madame Bertrand entered;
+I said to her, "Will you not sit down and take something?" She gave an
+answer which I took for No; and passed rapidly into the first
+lieutenant's cabin, which she had occupied since she came on board.
+Montholon, who had observed her with more attention than I had done,
+immediately rose and followed her. There was instantly a shriek from the
+cabin, and a great uproar; and some one called out 'The Countess is
+overboard.' I ran upon deck, that, in the event of its being so, a boat
+might be lowered down, or the guard-boats called to her assistance. On
+looking over the quarter, and seeing no splash in the water, I felt
+satisfied it was a false alarm, and returned to the ward-room. Madame
+Bertrand had by this time <span class="pagenum"><a id="page150" name="page150"></a>(p. 150)</span> been placed on her bed, where she
+was lying in strong hysterics, at intervals abusing the English nation
+and its Government, in the most vehement and unmeasured terms; sometimes
+in French and sometimes in English. Lallemand was walking up and down
+the ward-room much agitated, joining in the abuse; saying, among other
+things, "that it was horrible to bring a set of people on board the ship
+for the purpose of butchering them." I turned to him, and said,
+"Monsieur Lallemand, what a woman says in the state of violent
+irritation that Madame Bertrand at present is, I consider of little
+consequence, and am willing to make every allowance for the situation
+you are placed in; but I cannot stand by and hear such terms used of the
+Government of my country; and if you do not desist, or make use of more
+respectful language, I shall be under the necessity of taking measures
+that will be very unpleasant both to you and myself."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page151" name="page151"></a>(p. 151)</span> This had the effect of silencing him. When the bustle had
+subsided, I retired to my cabin, and was employed in writing the
+foregoing letter to Lord Melville, in behalf of Messrs Savary and
+Lallemand; when the latter, attended by Generals Montholon and Gourgaud,
+came in. They immediately entered into conversation with me about the
+cruelty of their situation: among many other things, they said, "You may
+depend upon it, the Emperor never will go to St Helena; he will sooner
+put himself to death; he is a man of determined character, and what he
+says he will do." "Has he ever said he will put himself to death?" I
+asked. They answered, "No; but he has said he will not go, which amounts
+to the same thing; and were he to consent himself, here are three of us
+who are determined to prevent him." I told them they had better consider
+the consequences well, before they ventured on a measure of that kind.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page152" name="page152"></a>(p. 152)</span> The next day, August 1st, 1815, I waited on Lord Keith, and
+reported all that had occurred during the preceding day. I also showed
+him the letter I had written and meant to send to Lord Melville,
+respecting Generals Savary and Lallemand; he read it, and said, "that
+though he did not agree with me in opinion as to my honour or character
+being implicated, yet that he saw no harm in the letter." He then said,
+"You may tell those gentlemen who have threatened to be Buonaparte's
+executioners, that the law of England awards death to murderers, and
+that the certain consequence of such an act will be finishing their
+career on a gallows."</p>
+
+<p>After quitting his Lordship, I had an interview with Sir Henry Bunbury,
+previous to his setting out for London, and stated to him my feelings
+respecting the cruelty of delivering up to the French Government, men
+who had been received under the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page153" name="page153"></a>(p. 153)</span> protection of the British
+flag. I said that I had no belief myself that any such intention
+existed; but that they were so strongly impressed with the conviction of
+it, that I had been induced to write to Lord Melville, and now begged to
+state to him, that I should consider myself dishonoured for ever, if
+they suffered death through my means. He listened, but did not speak
+till I had finished; when he told me he would repeat what I had said to
+his Majesty's Ministers.</p>
+
+<p>Madame Bertrand kept her bed the whole of this day, and did not appear
+at dinner. When Buonaparte came upon deck, he asked Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon, after her health; and then said, with an incredulous smile, "Do
+you really think, Doctor, she meant to drown herself?" I put the same
+question to Montholon; who said he had not a doubt of it, for, when he
+followed her into the cabin, she was in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page154" name="page154"></a>(p. 154)</span> the act of throwing
+herself out of the gallery window; that he rushed forward and caught
+hold of her, and that she continued suspended by the bar that goes
+across the window, with the greater part of her body hanging out, until
+he received assistance to drag her in. The bar above-mentioned had been
+placed there for the purpose of preventing people from falling overboard
+when the window was open and the ship had much motion at sea.</p>
+
+<p>On returning on board after being with Lord Keith, I went into Madame
+Bertrand's cabin to see how she was, and found her in bed. I asked her,
+how she could be so indiscreet as to attempt to destroy herself? "Oh! I
+am driven to desperation," she said; "I do not know what I do; I cannot
+persuade my husband to remain behind, he being determined to accompany
+the Emperor to St Helena." She then ran into a great deal of abuse of
+Napoleon, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page155" name="page155"></a>(p. 155)</span> saying, "If his ends are served, he does not care
+what becomes of other people. 'Tis true he has always given Bertrand
+lucrative and honourable situations, but the expense attending them is
+such, that it was impossible to save money; and he has never given him a
+grant of land, or any thing that permanently bettered our fortune."<a id="footnotetag9" name="footnotetag9"></a><a href="#footnote9" title="Go to footnote 9"><span class="smaller">[9]</span></a>
+On another occasion, she came into the cabin which I occupied, when I
+was writing, and, after exacting a promise of secrecy towards the
+remainder of the suite, she entreated I would take measures to prevent
+her husband from accompanying Buonaparte, and begged me to write a
+letter in her name to Lord Keith, to induce him <span class="pagenum"><a id="page156" name="page156"></a>(p. 156)</span> to interfere.
+I told her it would appear extremely officious in me to write on such a
+subject, but that any thing she chose to put on paper I would deliver to
+his Lordship. She did write, and I carried the letter; but his Lordship
+declined interfering, desiring me to say, he considered it the duty of
+every good wife to follow the fortunes of her husband. In the course of
+the conversation above-mentioned, she became extremely warm in speaking
+of Napoleon, saying, "He deserves nothing at our hands; and, indeed,
+there is not one of his people who would not most gladly quit him."
+Whenever she became animated, she could not pour out her feelings in the
+English language fast enough, (though she spoke it remarkably well,
+having received her education partly in England,) when she had always
+recourse to French; and though I frequently reminded her that there was
+nothing but a piece of canvass between us and the ward-room, where there
+were <span class="pagenum"><a id="page157" name="page157"></a>(p. 157)</span> generally some of the French officers, I could by no
+means keep her within bounds. The consequence of which was, that all she
+said was heard and understood by one of them. When Madame Bertrand had
+left me, Count Montholon requested to speak with me in private. He
+carried me up to his cabin on the quarter-deck, where I found Generals
+Gourgaud and Lallemand, who told me they had been informed of what
+Madame Bertrand had said to me; and they had requested to see me, for
+the purpose of contradicting her assertion, that they were desirous of
+quitting Buonaparte: that, so far from that being the case, there was
+not one of them that would not follow him with pleasure wherever he
+might be sent, or that would not lay down his life to serve him: they
+also required secrecy towards the Countess. I answered, "Why really,
+gentlemen, this is very extraordinary; you pretend to know all that
+passed in a private conversation I have had with <span class="pagenum"><a id="page158" name="page158"></a>(p. 158)</span> Madame
+Bertrand, and then to bind me to secrecy: you may depend upon it, I will
+enter into no such engagement, until I know by what means you obtained
+your information." They then told me that one of them had been in the
+quarter-gallery, and overheard all she said.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing of importance occurred during the 2nd of August. Buonaparte did
+not appear upon deck; nor would he consent to nominate the people who
+were to accompany him to St Helena; he still seemed to indulge a hope,
+that the Government might be induced to reconsider the decision. I had
+half an hour's conversation with him in the cabin: it consisted, on his
+part, of complaints of the cruelty of sending him to St Helena. He
+likewise asked me many questions about that island, as to its extent,
+climate, and productions, whether it would be possible to take exercise
+on horseback, if there was game of any kind upon it, &amp;c.: <span class="pagenum"><a id="page159" name="page159"></a>(p. 159)</span> to
+all of which I could only answer from report, never having visited the
+island myself. He conversed very little at dinner, and appeared unwell.
+In the evening, General Bertrand informed me that the sentinel's calling
+out "All's well!" during the night disturbed him, and prevented his
+sleeping; upon which I gave directions they should not do so while he
+remained on board.</p>
+
+<p>During the 3rd of August Buonaparte kept his cabin. When I went to the
+Admiral, I met him escorting some ladies, in company with Sir William
+Lemon, to the Ville de Paris's barge. On being introduced to Sir
+William, he told me that a report was in circulation that a boat was to
+have been under the Bellerophon's stern the night before, at ten
+o'clock, for the purpose of effecting Buonaparte's escape. Although I
+gave no credit to the report, I immediately returned on board, and asked
+the first lieutenant if Buonaparte had been seen <span class="pagenum"><a id="page160" name="page160"></a>(p. 160)</span> that morning;
+he informed me that he had not attended breakfast, and that no person
+had seen him but his own people. I then sent to the Eurotas, which lay
+astern of the ship, to enquire if he had appeared at the stern windows;
+but was answered in the negative: upon which I desired one of the young
+gentlemen to go out on the spanker-boom and look into the cabin windows,
+to ascertain if he was sitting on the sofa; but he could not discover
+him in any part of the cabin. I then became extremely uneasy, and sent
+my servant in to bring some paper out, who on entering found the object
+of my anxiety stretched out on his bed with his clothes on, and the
+curtains drawn close round him, with every appearance of being unwell. I
+had before asked Count Bertrand about him, who said he had passed a bad
+night, and was too ill to leave his apartment.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of retiring to his bed this evening <span class="pagenum"><a id="page161" name="page161"></a>(p. 161)</span> between eight and
+nine o'clock, as was his usual custom, I heard him and another person (I
+believe General Bertrand) pacing up and down the cabin until past
+eleven; and in consequence gave directions to the officer of the watch
+and the sentries to be particularly vigilant; and ordered one of the
+guard-boats to remain under the ship's stern all night. He had still
+declined all this day giving a list of those that he wished to attend
+him to St Helena.</p>
+
+<p>At three in the morning of the 4th of August, the officer of the watch
+brought me a letter from Lord Keith, informing me that a courier had
+just arrived from London, and that it was probable the ship would be
+required to put to sea at a moment's notice. In consequence of this
+order, we unmoored at daylight, bent the top-gallant sails, and made
+other preparations for getting under weigh. The Frenchmen were very
+watchful of all our motions, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page162" name="page162"></a>(p. 162)</span> appeared much alarmed and
+annoyed, and questioned me frequently as to the cause. I told them, what
+was literally the fact, that I had received directions to be ready to
+put to sea, but had no orders to carry it into effect; and that was all
+I knew.</p>
+
+<p>Between seven and eight o'clock, I waited on Lord Keith, who said he had
+received information that a habeas corpus had been taken out for the
+purpose of bringing Buonaparte on shore, and that a lawyer was on his
+way down to serve it; desiring me, therefore, to be ready to put to sea
+whenever the signal might be made.</p>
+
+<p>On returning on board, I had an interview with Buonaparte, who was very
+urgent to know why the ship was preparing for sea. I told him, by Lord
+Keith's directions, that it was the intention of our Government, his
+removal should take place at sea; and that we were going out to meet the
+Northumberland, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page163" name="page163"></a>(p. 163)</span> the ship which was to convey him to St Helena.</p>
+
+<p>He begged I would write to Lord Keith, and say he wished very much to
+see him; and Count Bertrand told me he was also desirous of having the
+newspapers. I accordingly wrote to his Lordship, who was then on board
+the Tonnant: who, however, declined visiting him, but sent me a note, of
+which the following is an extract.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Note from Admiral Viscount Keith, addressed to
+     Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, 4th
+     August.</h6>
+
+<p>"I send you the paper, and shall be glad to hear the determination of
+the General, whom you may inform that the answer is arrived from London,
+and that I have no authority to alter, in any degree, any part of the
+former communication; which induces me to wish the selection of the
+persons he is inclined should attend him."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page164" name="page164"></a>(p. 164)</span> I communicated the contents to General Bertrand, who made his
+report to Buonaparte. On his coming out of the cabin, I pressed him on
+the subject of nominating those that were to go with him to St Helena;
+but the only answer he returned was, "L'Empereur n'ira pas � St
+H�l�ne;"&mdash;the Emperor will not go to St Helena.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after nine o'clock, the Bellerophon's signal was made to prepare to
+weigh, and at half-past nine to weigh: we immediately started. As the
+light air of wind that blew was right into the Sound, and the flood-tide
+against us, the guard-boats were sent ahead to tow; but, soon observing
+a suspicious-looking person in a boat approaching the ship, I ordered
+one of them to cast off, keep under the ship's stern, and not allow any
+shore boat, under any pretext, to come near us. The person alluded to
+proved afterwards to have been the lawyer mentioned by Lord Keith; not
+with a Habeas <span class="pagenum"><a id="page165" name="page165"></a>(p. 165)</span> Corpus, but a subp&oelig;na for Buonaparte to
+attend a trial at the Court of King's Bench as a witness. He was,
+however, foiled: as Lord Keith avoided him, and got on board the
+Prometheus, off the Ramehead, where he remained until joined by the
+Tonnant; while the guard-boat prevented him from approaching near enough
+to the Bellerophon, to serve his writ on me.<a id="footnotetag10" name="footnotetag10"></a><a href="#footnote10" title="Go to footnote 10"><span class="smaller">[10]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page166" name="page166"></a>(p. 166)</span> While the ship was working out of the Sound, two well-dressed
+women in a boat <span class="pagenum"><a id="page167" name="page167"></a>(p. 167)</span> kept as close to her as the guard-boat would
+allow, and, whenever Buonaparte appeared <span class="pagenum"><a id="page168" name="page168"></a>(p. 168)</span> at the stern windows,
+stood up and waved their handkerchiefs.</p>
+
+<p>On joining the Prometheus off the Ramehead, where Lord Keith's flag was
+then flying, I received the following note from his Lordship.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">No date; received August 4th, in the Afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>"I have been chased all day by a lawyer with a Habeas Corpus: he is
+landed at Cawsand, and may come off in a sailing-boat during the night;
+of course, keep all sorts of boats off, as I will do the like in
+whatever ship I may be in.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smcap">Keith."</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"Captain Maitland."</p>
+
+<p>Buonaparte wrote another letter this evening to the Prince Regent, which
+I carried to Lord Keith, who again told me of his having been chased all
+day by a lawyer: who had first started him out of his own house, then
+followed him to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page169" name="page169"></a>(p. 169)</span> Tonnant, where he attempted to get in at
+one side, as his Lordship left her on the other; he afterwards pursued
+him towards Cawsand, but the Admiral being in a twelve-oared barge,
+out-rowed him, and gave him the slip round the Ramehead. It was on his
+return from this chase that he attempted to get on board the
+Bellerophon.</p>
+
+<p>Buonaparte now confined himself entirely to his cabin, never coming on
+deck, or appearing at breakfast or dinner. He was not served from the
+table, but what he ate was prepared and carried in to him by Marchand,
+his favourite valet de chambre. Messrs Bertrand and Las Cases passed
+much time with him; and this evening the protest was prepared, which
+will appear in the sequel.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of the 5th of August, the weather was overcast, with a
+strong breeze <span class="pagenum"><a id="page170" name="page170"></a>(p. 170)</span> of wind, and the sea began to rise, much to the
+discomposure of my poor French guests. Soon after breakfast, my signal
+being made from the Tonnant, where Lord Keith had now hoisted his flag,
+I told General Bertrand that I was going to the Admiral, and would
+convey anything Buonaparte had to say to him. He requested I would wait
+until a letter or paper, then under preparation, was finished, which was
+intended for me, but a copy to be presented to Lord Keith. I waited
+nearly an hour, when he brought me Buonaparte's protest. I delivered it
+to the Admiral, stating at the same time that I wished to have a copy;
+and was afterwards furnished with one by his Lordship's secretary. I
+insert it here.</p>
+
+
+<h5><i>Buonaparte's Protest.</i></h5>
+
+<p>"Je proteste solennellement ici, � la face du Ciel et des hommes, contre
+la violence qui m'est faite, contre la violation de mes <span class="pagenum"><a id="page171" name="page171"></a>(p. 171)</span> droits
+les plus sacr�s, en disposant par la force, de ma personne et de ma
+libert�.</p>
+
+<p>"Je suis venu librement � bord du Bellerophon; je ne suis point
+prisonnier; je suis l'h�te de l'Angleterre. J'y suis venu �
+l'instigation m�me du Capitaine qui a dit avoir des ordres du
+Gouvernement de me recevoir, et de me conduire en Angleterre avec ma
+suite, si cela m'�toit agr�able. Je me suis pr�sent� de bonne foi pour
+venir me mettre sous la protection des loix d'Angleterre. Aussit�t assis
+� bord du Bellerophon, je fus sur le foyer du peuple Britannique. Si le
+Gouvernement, en donnant des ordres au Capitaine du Bellerophon, de me
+recevoir ainsi que ma suite, n'a voulu que tendre une emb�che, il a
+forfait � l'honneur et fl�tri son pavillon. Si cet acte se consommoit,
+ce seroit en vain que les Anglais voudroient parler � l'Europe de leur
+loyaut�, de leur loix, et de leur libert�. La foi Britannique <i>s'y
+trouvera perdue dans l'hospitalit� <span class="pagenum"><a id="page172" name="page172"></a>(p. 172)</span> du Bellerophon</i>. J'en
+appelle � l'histoire; elle dira qu'un ennemi qui fit vingt ans la guerre
+aux peuples Anglois, vint librement, dans son infortune, chercher un
+asile sous ses loix. Quelle plus �clatante preuve pouvait-il lui donner
+de son estime et de sa confiance? Mais comment r�pondit-on en Angleterre
+� une telle magnanimit�?&mdash;On feignit de tendre une main hospitali�re �
+cet ennemi, et quand il se fut livr� de bonne foi, on l'immola.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">"Sign�, <span class="smcap">Napol�on</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">� bord du Bellerophon,<br>
+  4 Ao�t, 1815.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center p2">TRANSLATION.</p>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Buonaparte's Protest.</i></p>
+
+<p>"I hereby solemnly protest, in the face of Heaven and of men, against
+the violence done me, and against the violation of my most sacred
+rights, in forcibly disposing of my person and my liberty. I came
+voluntarily <span class="pagenum"><a id="page173" name="page173"></a>(p. 173)</span> on board of the Bellerophon; I am not a prisoner,
+I am the guest of England. I came on board even at the instigation of
+the Captain, who told me he had orders from the Government to receive me
+and my suite, and conduct me to England, if agreeable to me. I presented
+myself with good faith to put myself under the protection of the English
+laws. As soon as I was on board the Bellerophon, I was under shelter of
+the British people.</p>
+
+<p>"If the Government, in giving orders to the Captain of the Bellerophon
+to receive me as well as my suite, only intended to lay a snare for me,
+it has forfeited its honour and disgraced its flag.</p>
+
+<p>"If this act be consummated, the English will in vain boast to Europe of
+their integrity, their laws, and their liberty. British good faith will
+be lost in the hospitality of the Bellerophon.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page174" name="page174"></a>(p. 174)</span> "I appeal to History; it will say that an enemy, who for twenty
+years waged war against the English people, came voluntarily, in his
+misfortunes, to seek an asylum under their laws. What more brilliant
+proof could he give of his esteem and his confidence? But what return
+did England make for so much magnanimity? They feigned to stretch forth
+a friendly hand to that enemy; and when he delivered himself up in good
+faith, they sacrificed him.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">"Signed, <span class="smcap">Napoleon</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"On board the Bellerophon,<br>
+  4th August 1815."</p>
+
+<p>On the above I shall only observe, that no snare had been laid, either
+on the part of His Majesty's Government or mine. I was placed before
+Rochefort for the open purpose of preventing Buonaparte from making his
+escape from that port; and the exertions of myself and those under my
+command had been so completely successful, that the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page175" name="page175"></a>(p. 175)</span> intention
+of forcing past the ships under my orders, as well as every other plan
+proposed, of which there appear to have been several, were abandoned as
+utterly hopeless. And so far was I from seeking communication with
+Napoleon, that all the flags of truce proceeding from him, were strongly
+reprobated by me, as improper, except in extraordinary cases, and were
+only resorted to when, as appears from Lord Keith's letter of the 23rd
+of July, orders had been sent from Paris for his arrest, and when (as
+has since been proved) one or more intimations had been given by the
+officer commanding in Isle d'Aix, that, if he did not depart, he would
+be under the necessity of detaining him. Besides, it is now perfectly
+ascertained, that the determination of repairing to England was adopted
+at a consultation held by Buonaparte on the night of the 13th of July,
+when his letter to the Prince Regent was written; and Messrs Las Cases
+and Lallemand were sent on the morning of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page176" name="page176"></a>(p. 176)</span> the 14th to discover
+if I would receive him on board the Bellerophon, and convey him to that
+country.</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of the 6th of August, when walking the deck with Monsieur
+Las Cases, he for the first time mentioned, that he understood me to
+have assured him that the Emperor would be well received in England, and
+allowed to reside there. I replied, "I cannot conceive how you could so
+far misunderstand me, as I constantly, in my communications with you,
+stated that I could make no promises whatever: that I thought my orders
+would bear me out in receiving him on board, and conveying him to
+England; but even in doing that, I acted very much upon my own
+responsibility. You questioned me frequently, as to my private opinion;
+and as I was quite ignorant upon the subject, I could only say I had no
+reason to believe he would be ill received." It did not, however,
+require my assistance <span class="pagenum"><a id="page177" name="page177"></a>(p. 177)</span> to raise the hopes of those about
+Buonaparte, respecting the manner in which he was to be received in
+England; as one of his followers, on the passage home, asked me if I
+thought the Prince Regent would confer the order of the Garter upon him.
+If there was any misunderstanding, (which I cannot allow to have been
+the case,) Monsieur Las Cases has himself to blame. When he came on
+board of the Bellerophon for the purpose of treating, he concealed his
+knowledge of the English language; which, as I had considerable
+difficulty in expressing myself in French, could only be intended for
+the purpose of throwing me off my guard, that he might take advantage of
+any expressions that fell from me, or the officers I had always present
+at our meetings. Even after he was on board with Buonaparte, though he
+acknowledged he could read English, and always translated the newspapers
+for his master, he affected not to be able to speak it. What his actual
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page178" name="page178"></a>(p. 178)</span> knowledge of the language was, the following extract of a
+letter, from a friend of mine on board the Northumberland, dated at sea,
+August the 22nd, 1815, will show:</p>
+
+<p>"I do not know, whether Las Cases ever let you know he could speak
+English; but this I can assure you, that he speaks it very near as well
+as Madame Bertrand, and can hold a conversation, or maintain an argument
+in it, with as much fluency as she can."</p>
+
+<p>This forenoon, I had a long conversation with Buonaparte. He complained
+bitterly of the conduct of the British Government; and entered, at
+considerable length, into the state of his affairs when he determined
+upon the measure of repairing on board the Bellerophon. "There still,"
+said he, "was a large party in the South, that wished me to put myself
+at its head; the army behind the Loire was also desirous of my return.
+At ten o'clock of the night before I embarked, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page179" name="page179"></a>(p. 179)</span> a deputation
+from the garrison of Rochelle waited upon me, with an offer to conduct
+me to the army; in addition to which, the troops that were in Rochefort,
+Bourdeaux, and Isle d'Aix, amounting to twelve thousand men, were at my
+disposal. But I saw there was no prospect of ultimate success, though I
+might have occasioned a great deal of trouble and bloodshed, which I did
+not choose should take place on my account individually;&mdash;while the
+Empire was at stake, it was another matter."</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon, Mr O'Meara, the surgeon, informed me that General
+Savary had made a proposal to him to accompany Buonaparte to St Helena
+as his medical attendant; Monsieur Maingaut, his surgeon, being a young
+man with whom he was little acquainted, having suffered so much from
+seasickness in the passage from Rochefort, that he felt averse to
+undertaking another sea voyage. He consulted me as to the propriety
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page180" name="page180"></a>(p. 180)</span> of accepting the offer. I told him it must depend very much
+upon his own feelings; but if he had no dislike to it, he had better
+accept the proposal, on condition that our Government consented, and
+agreed to pay his salary; but, in that case, an official communication
+must pass, through me, to the Admiral on the subject. This was the first
+intimation I received of Buonaparte having made any arrangement towards
+complying with the notification he had received from our Government.</p>
+
+<p>About nine <span class="smcap">A.M.</span> a large ship was seen to leeward, which, on closing,
+proved to be the Northumberland. The whole squadron then stood in, and
+anchored to the westward of Berryhead. I went on board the Tonnant, and
+reported to Lord Keith that Buonaparte had at last made up his mind to
+move from the Bellerophon without force being used; and that Count
+Bertrand was desirous of seeing his Lordship, that he might make the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page181" name="page181"></a>(p. 181)</span> necessary arrangements about the people who were to accompany
+him. By the Admiral's directions, I returned to my ship and brought
+Monsieur Bertrand to him. Soon after Sir George Cockburn arrived, and
+they were shut up together for nearly two hours.</p>
+
+<p>When I first went on board the Tonnant, I received a memorandum from
+Lord Keith, from which I give an extract; and at the same time a verbal
+intimation, that I should receive an order in writing the next day, to,
+remove Buonaparte, and such part of his suite as he might select, to the
+Northumberland.</p>
+
+<h6>Extract of a Memorandum from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated
+     Tonnant, off the Start, 6th August, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"All arms of every description are to be taken from the Frenchmen of all
+ranks on board the ship you command; and they are <span class="pagenum"><a id="page182" name="page182"></a>(p. 182)</span> to be
+carefully packed up and kept in your charge, while they remain on board
+the Bellerophon; and afterwards in that of the captain of the ship to
+which they may be removed."</p>
+
+<p>While we were at dinner, Generals Bertrand and Montholon were employed
+making out lists of what would be required by the French officers and
+the ladies, to render them comfortable during their voyage to St Helena,
+which were despatched to Plymouth by Sir George Cockburn's secretary.</p>
+
+<p>In the course of the evening Lord Keith and Sir George Cockburn came on
+board the Bellerophon; when the latter was introduced to Buonaparte.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as General Bertrand was at leisure, I told him I had orders to
+remove Napoleon to the Northumberland the following day, and also to
+take away the arms <span class="pagenum"><a id="page183" name="page183"></a>(p. 183)</span> from him and his attendants, giving him to
+understand that they would be returned on their arrival at their
+destination. He seemed much hurt at being deprived of his arms, but said
+he would give directions for their being delivered; and I received them
+the next morning, with the exception of Buonaparte's sword, which, by an
+order I subsequently received from Lord Keith, he was permitted to wear,
+when quitting the ship.</p>
+
+<p>About half-past nine in the evening, Mons. Bertrand told me that
+Buonaparte was desirous of seeing me. On going into his cabin, he said,
+"Bertrand informs me you have received orders to remove me to the
+Northumberland; is it so?" I answered in the affirmative. "Have you any
+objection," he said, "to writing a letter to Bertrand, acquainting him
+of it; that I may have a document to prove that I was forced to quit the
+ship, and that my inclinations <span class="pagenum"><a id="page184" name="page184"></a>(p. 184)</span> were not consulted." I replied,
+"I can have no objection to write such a letter, and shall do it this
+evening." I was then going to retire, when he requested me to remain,
+having more to say. "Your Government," he continued, "has treated me
+with much severity, and in a very different way from what I had hoped
+and expected, from the opinion I had formed of the character of your
+countrymen. It is true I have always been the enemy of England, but it
+has ever been an open and declared one; and I paid it the highest
+compliment it was possible for man to do in throwing myself on the
+generosity of your Prince: I have not now to learn, however, that it is
+not fair to judge of the character of a people by the conduct of their
+Government." He then went on, (alluding to the Government,) "They say I
+made no conditions. Certainly I made no conditions; how could an
+individual enter into terms with a nation? I wanted nothing of them but
+hospitality, or, as the ancients would <span class="pagenum"><a id="page185" name="page185"></a>(p. 185)</span> express it, 'air and
+water.' My only wish was to purchase a small property in England, and
+end my life there in peace and tranquillity. As for you, Capitaine,"
+(the name by which he always addressed me) "I have no cause of
+complaint; your conduct to me has been that of a man of honour; but I
+cannot help feeling the severity of my fate, in having the prospect of
+passing the remainder of my life on a desert island. But," added he with
+a strong emphasis, "if your Government give up Savary and Lallemand to
+the King of France, they will inflict a stain upon the British name that
+no time can efface." I told him, in that respect, they were under an
+erroneous impression; that I was convinced it was not the intention of
+his Majesty's Ministers to deliver them up. "Je l'esp�re," "I hope so;"
+was his only reply.&mdash;I then took my leave of him for the night.</p>
+
+<p>That I may not break in upon the occurrences <span class="pagenum"><a id="page186" name="page186"></a>(p. 186)</span> of the 7th, I
+shall here insert the letter I wrote at Buonaparte's request, and a copy
+of the orders under which I acted in removing him from the Bellerophon
+to the Northumberland.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"H.M.S. Bellerophon, Start Bay,<br>
+<span class="right5">7th August, 1815.</span></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I beg to acquaint you that I have this day received orders from Lord
+Keith, Commander in Chief of the Channel Fleet, to remove General
+Buonaparte from the ship I command, to his Majesty's ship
+Northumberland; and I have to request you will intimate the above to the
+General, that he may prepare for the removal.</p>
+
+<p>"I likewise enclose a copy of an order respecting the arms of General
+Buonaparte and the whole of his attendants, and request you will give
+directions for their being <span class="pagenum"><a id="page187" name="page187"></a>(p. 187)</span> delivered to me, that they may be
+disposed of as the order directs.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left10">"I have the honour to be,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">&amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">Fred. L. Maitland."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"Lieut. General Count Bertrand."</p>
+
+<h6>Copy of the order alluded to.</h6>
+
+<p class="right10">"By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,<br>
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>"You are hereby required and directed to deliver the persons, named
+below, into the charge of Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left10">"Given on board the Tonnant,</span><br>
+<span class="left10">At anchor under Berryhead,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">7th August, 1815.</span><br>
+<span class="left50"><span class="smcap">Keith</span>, Admiral.</span></p>
+
+<p class="left20">"By command of the Admiral,<br>
+  "<span class="smcap">James Meek</span>, Secretary."</p>
+
+<ul class="none smaller">
+<li>"To F. L. Maitland, Esq.</li>
+<li>Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."</li>
+<li><span class="pagenum"><a id="page188" name="page188"></a>(p. 188)</span> General Buonaparte.</li>
+<li>Count Bertrand, his Wife, three children, one female servant, and her child.</li>
+<li>General Montholon, his Wife, one child, and one female servant.</li>
+<li>General Gourgaud.</li>
+<li>Le Comte de Las Cases, and his son.</li>
+<li>Marchand, Premier Valet de Chambre.</li>
+<li>St Denis, ditto.</li>
+<li>Novarra, ditto.</li>
+<li>Pi�ron, Chef d'Office.</li>
+<li>Le Page, Cuisinier.</li>
+<li>Archambaud, Premier Valet de Pied.</li>
+<li>Gentilini, Valet de Pied.</li>
+<li>Bernard, domestique du Comte Bertrand.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The four domestics underneath, who had come to England in the Myrmidon,
+also accompanied him:&mdash;</p>
+
+<ul class="none smaller">
+<li>Cipriani, Ma�tre d'H�tel.</li>
+<li>Santini, Huissier.</li>
+<li>Rousseau, Lampiste.</li>
+<li>Archambaud, Valet de Pied.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page189" name="page189"></a>(p. 189)</span> Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+     addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated
+     Tonnant, off Berryhead, 7th August, 1815.</h6>
+
+<p>"When the General quits the ship, it is not intended to take his sword
+from him, but to let him wear it, but not the others. Pistols, guns, &amp;c.
+must, <i>as in all instances</i>, be removed for the safety of the ship, but
+the arms are carefully to be kept, and restored at a proper occasion."</p>
+
+<p>On the morning of the 7th of August, 1815, Count Las Cases made an
+application to me for permission to wait on Lord Keith, having a
+communication to make to him. I, in consequence, went to his Lordship,
+and obtained leave to send him. When the Admiral came on board the
+Bellerophon, in the forenoon, to attend Buonaparte in his removal to the
+Northumberland, he informed me that Monsieur Las Cases had represented
+to him, that I had promised Buonaparte should <span class="pagenum"><a id="page190" name="page190"></a>(p. 190)</span> be well received
+in England, and allowed to remain there; and the same day he wrote a
+letter to me containing the above statement, and directing me to report
+upon it, which I afterwards did, as will hereafter appear.</p>
+
+<p>Count Bertrand was employed, during the morning, making out a list of
+those that were to proceed to St Helena with Buonaparte, in which
+General Gourgaud's name was omitted, and Colonel Planat was nominated
+his Secretary. This offended Monsieur Gourgaud so much, that he made use
+of some very strong language to General Bertrand; and after a good deal
+of altercation, it was arranged, I believe by Buonaparte himself, that
+Gourgaud should take Planat's place. There was also another cause of
+disagreement. The number of domestics allowed to go to St Helena being
+only twelve, did not admit of all the officers taking their personal
+attendants; General <span class="pagenum"><a id="page191" name="page191"></a>(p. 191)</span> Montholon was obliged to leave a servant
+who had been with him many years, and Count Bertrand's was the only
+exception.</p>
+
+<p>General Bertrand had been so much employed all the morning making
+preparations for their removal, that he did not come to breakfast until
+every one had finished; his wife remained at the table, as I did also,
+as a mark of attention to him. She soon commenced an attack on her
+husband, to induce him to quit Buonaparte and remain in England. He
+seemed much distressed, but remained silent. At last, she turned to me,
+and begged I would give an opinion, and use my influence in favour of
+her proposal. I said, "Madame Bertrand, I have from the beginning
+endeavoured to avoid meddling in the very unpleasant discussions that
+have been going on for some days; but, as you demand my opinion, and
+force me to give it, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page192" name="page192"></a>(p. 192)</span> I must acquaint you that I think, if your
+husband quits his master at such a time as the present, he will forfeit
+the very high character he now bears in this country." I then rose from
+the table and went upon deck.</p>
+
+<p>A short time after, Madame Bertrand came on deck, and, addressing me
+with much indignation in her countenance, said, "So, Captain Maitland, I
+hear the Emperor is not to have the whole of the after-cabin on board
+the Northumberland." I told her, I understood that Sir George Cockburn
+had received orders to that effect. "They had better treat him like a
+dog at once," said she, "and put him down in the hold." I had for
+several days been kept in a state of irritation that cannot be
+described, and such as few people have had an opportunity of
+experiencing. Madame Bertrand had, it will be readily understood, some
+share in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page193" name="page193"></a>(p. 193)</span> causing this; and on her making the above remark, I
+am sorry to say, the little self-possession that still remained gave
+way, and I answered in these words, "Madam, you talk like a very foolish
+woman; and if you cannot speak more to the purpose, or with more respect
+of the Government I have the honour to serve, I request you will not
+address yourself to me." Just before she went out of the ship, however,
+she came up to me in a conciliatory and friendly manner, that did her
+the highest honour, and said, "Captain Maitland, you called me a very
+foolish woman this morning, but I should be sorry to part with you on
+bad terms; have you any objection to shake hands with me? as God knows
+if we shall ever meet again." "Very far from it," I answered; "I should
+be extremely sorry you left the ship without receiving my good wishes
+for your happiness and prosperity; and if, in the warmth of my temper,
+and under the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page194" name="page194"></a>(p. 194)</span> harassing circumstances of my situation, I have
+said anything unpleasant, I most sincerely beg your pardon, and hope you
+will forgive and forget it."</p>
+
+<p>Soon after breakfast, Marchand came and said the Emperor wished to see
+me: I went into the cabin. "I have requested to see you, Captain," said
+he, "to return you my thanks for your kindness and attention to me
+whilst I have been on board the Bellerophon, and likewise to beg you
+will convey them to the officers and ship's company you command. My
+reception in England has been very different from what I expected; but
+it gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your conduct to
+me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of honour." He then
+said, he was desirous of having Mr O'Meara, the surgeon of the
+Bellerophon, to accompany him; and asked my opinion of him in his
+medical capacity, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page195" name="page195"></a>(p. 195)</span> as well as of his principles. I replied,
+that I had the highest opinion of him, both for his skill and attention;
+that he had given me so much satisfaction while under my command, that I
+had procured his removal from two different ships in which he had served
+with me previous to my appointment to the Bellerophon, that he might
+accompany me; and that I was convinced he was a man of principle and
+integrity. After conversing some time longer with him, during which he
+spoke in the warmest terms of affection of General Bertrand, and the
+obligations he felt to him for his remaining with him during his
+adversity, when he knew strong efforts had been used to induce him to
+abandon him, I took my leave; and this was the last time I was ever
+alone with him.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after, Sir George Cockburn came on board, attended by Mr Byng as
+his secretary, for the purpose of examining Buonaparte's <span class="pagenum"><a id="page196" name="page196"></a>(p. 196)</span>
+baggage: he had directions to apply to some person of his suite to
+attend at the search. The proposal was made to Count Bertrand; but he
+was so indignant at the measure, that he positively refused either to be
+present himself or to direct any other person to superintend. General
+Savary, however, consented, and was present, as well as Marchand. The
+covers of the trunks were merely opened, and Mr Byng passed his hand
+down the side, but the things were not unpacked. Once or twice, when the
+door of the after-cabin was opened, Buonaparte expressed his obligation
+to Mr Byng for the delicate manner in which he conducted the search, by
+bowing to him. When they came to the boxes containing the money, of
+which there were two, Marchand was permitted to take out such sum as was
+considered necessary for paying the wages of the servants that were to
+be left behind, and for other contingent expenses. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page197" name="page197"></a>(p. 197)</span> One box,
+containing four thousand gold Napoleons, was retained and put under my
+charge, where it remained until my arrival in London, when I delivered
+it to Sir Hudson Lowe to be restored to its owner, as will be seen by
+the following order, receipts, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">"By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,<br>
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>"You are hereby required and directed to receive into your custody such
+a sum of money belonging to General Buonaparte, as will be delivered
+into your charge by Rear-Admiral Sir George Cockburn, granting proper
+receipts for the same.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+<span class="left10">"Given on board the Tonnant,</span><br>
+<span class="left10">At anchor under Berryhead,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">7th August, 1815,</span><br>
+<span class="left50">"<span class="smcap">Keith</span>, Admiral."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"To F. L. Maitland, Esq.<br>
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page198" name="page198"></a>(p. 198)</span> "J'ai laiss� le sept d'ao�t, � bord du Bellerophon, � Monsieur
+le Capitaine Maitland, une somme de quatre vingt mille francs, en quatre
+mille Napoleons d'or.</p>
+
+<p class="right10"><span class="right5 smcap">"Marchand,</span><br>
+  Premier Valet de Chambre."</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th of August, I have left on board the Bellerophon, in charge of
+Captain Maitland, the sum of eighty thousand francs, in four thousand
+gold Napoleons.</p>
+
+<p class="right10"><span class="right5 smcap">Marchand,</span><br>
+  1st Valet de Chambre.</p>
+
+<p>"I acknowledge to have received a box with four paper packages, <i>said</i>
+to contain four thousand gold Napoleons, the property of Napoleon
+Buonaparte.</p>
+
+<p class="right10">"August 7th, 1815,<br>
+  <span class="smcap">"Fred. L. Maitland</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"Approved, George Cockburn."</p>
+
+<p>As I shall not have to revert to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page199" name="page199"></a>(p. 199)</span> subject of the money, I
+shall here subjoin the receipt I obtained on delivering it at the
+Admiralty Office, though it is of a date some time posterior.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Admiralty, September 14, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"Received from Captain Maitland a box, containing four packages, marked
+each 20,000 francs, and said to contain four thousand Napoleons d'or."</p>
+
+<p class="right10">"H. <span class="smcap">Lowe</span>, Major General."</p>
+
+<p>About eleven <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>, Lord Keith came on board in the Tonnant's barge, to
+accompany Buonaparte from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland. Count
+Bertrand immediately went into the cabin to inform him of his Lordship's
+arrival: it was, however, full two hours before it was reported that he
+was ready to attend him. About one o'clock, the barge of the Admiral was
+prepared; a Captain's guard turned out, and by Lord Keith's direction,
+as Napoleon <span class="pagenum"><a id="page200" name="page200"></a>(p. 200)</span> crossed the quarter-deck to leave the ship, the
+guard presented arms, and three ruffles of the drum were beat, being the
+salute given to a General Officer.</p>
+
+<p>He walked out of the cabin with a steady, firm step, came up to me, and,
+taking off his hat, said, "Captain Maitland, I take this last
+opportunity of once more returning you my thanks for the manner in which
+you have treated me while on board the Bellerophon, and also to request
+you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you command:"
+then turning to the Officers, who were standing by me, he added,
+"Gentlemen, I have requested your Captain to express my gratitude to you
+for your attention to me, and to those who have followed my fortunes."
+He then went forward to the gangway; and before he went down the ship's
+side, bowed two or three times to the ship's company, who were collected
+in the waist and on the forecastle; <span class="pagenum"><a id="page201" name="page201"></a>(p. 201)</span> he was followed by the
+ladies and the French Officers, and lastly by Lord Keith. After the boat
+had shoved off, and got the distance of about thirty yards from the
+ship, he stood up, pulled his hat off, and bowed first to the Officers,
+and then to the men; and immediately sat down, and entered into
+conversation with Lord Keith, with as much apparent composure as if he
+had been only going from one ship to the other to pay a visit.</p>
+
+<p>About a quarter of an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon,
+Montholon came to me on the quarter-deck, and said, "I am directed by
+the Emperor to return you his thanks for the manner in which you have
+conducted yourself throughout the whole of this affair; and he desires
+me to say, that the greatest cause of disappointment he feels in not
+being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent is, that he had
+intended to ask as a favour from his <span class="pagenum"><a id="page202" name="page202"></a>(p. 202)</span> Royal Highness, that you
+should be promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral." I answered, "that
+although the request could not have been complied with under any
+circumstances, as it was contrary to the regulations of our naval
+service, yet I do not the less feel the kindness of the intention." "He
+meant also," he said, "to have presented you with a box containing his
+portrait, but he understands you are determined not to accept it." I
+replied, "In the situation I am placed, it is quite impossible I can
+receive any present from him." "He is perfectly aware," said he, "of the
+delicacy of your situation, and approves of your conduct." I then said,
+"I feel much hurt that Count Las Cases should have stated to Lord Keith,
+that I had promised Buonaparte should be well received in England, or
+indeed made promises of any sort. I have endeavoured to conduct myself
+with integrity and honour throughout the whole of this transaction, and
+therefore cannot allow such an assertion to go uncontradicted."
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page203" name="page203"></a>(p. 203)</span> "Oh!" said he, "Las Cases negotiated this business; it has
+turned out very differently from what he and all of us expected. He
+attributes the Emperor's situation to himself, and is therefore desirous
+of giving it the best countenance he can; but I assure you, the Emperor
+is convinced your conduct has been most honourable": then taking my
+hand, he pressed it, and added, "and that is my opinion also."</p>
+
+<a id="img007" name="img007"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/img007.jpg" width="300" height="351" alt="" title="">
+<p class="smcap">Tumbler given to Captain Maitland by Napoleon</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>In the course of the afternoon, I attended General Savary and Lallemand
+on board the Northumberland, where they went for the purpose of taking a
+last farewell of their master. I had very little conversation with him
+myself, but they remained with him a considerable time. When I was about
+to return to my ship, I went into the cabin to tell them they must
+accompany me. They approached him in the after-cabin, where he was
+standing, when he embraced each of them most affectionately, after the
+French <span class="pagenum"><a id="page204" name="page204"></a>(p. 204)</span> manner, putting his arms round them, and touching their
+cheeks with his. He was firm and collected; but, in turning from him,
+the tears were streaming from their eyes. On getting on board, all the
+squadron got under weigh, the Tonnant and Bellerophon to return to
+Plymouth, the Northumberland, with two troop ships in company, to
+proceed to St Helena. The following day she was joined by a frigate and
+several sloops of war from Plymouth, when she made sail to the westward.</p>
+
+<p>Having now brought my narrative down to the period of Buonaparte's
+quitting the ship, it only remains for me to give some account of his
+person and character, as far as it fell under my view. In doing so, I
+shall endeavour, as far as possible, in the same spirit with which the
+foregoing narrative is written, to avoid being biassed, either by
+favourable or unfavourable feelings towards him. What he may have been
+when at the head of <span class="pagenum"><a id="page205" name="page205"></a>(p. 205)</span> the French Empire, with the destiny of the
+greater part of Europe under his control, I have no peculiar means of
+knowing; all I can pretend to do is, to describe him as he was on board
+the Bellerophon; adding a few anecdotes, which have been omitted in the
+course of the narrative, as serving to throw some further light upon his
+character.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon Buonaparte, when he came on board the Bellerophon, on the 15th
+of July, 1815, wanted exactly one month of completing his forty-sixth
+year, being born the 15th of August, 1769. He was then a remarkably
+strong, well-built man, about five feet seven inches high, his limbs
+particularly well-formed, with a fine ancle and very small foot, of
+which he seemed rather vain, as he always wore, while on board the ship,
+silk stockings and shoes. His hands were also very small, and had the
+plumpness of a woman's rather than the robustness of a man's. His eyes
+light grey, teeth good; and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page206" name="page206"></a>(p. 206)</span> when he smiled, the expression of
+his countenance was highly pleasing; when under the influence of
+disappointment, however, it assumed a dark gloomy cast. His hair was of
+a very dark brown, nearly approaching to black, and, though a little
+thin on the top and front, had not a grey hair amongst it. His
+complexion was a very uncommon one, being of a light sallow colour,
+differing from almost any other I ever met with. From his having become
+corpulent, he had lost much of his personal activity, and, if we are to
+give credit to those who attended him, a very considerable portion of
+his mental energy was also gone. It is certain his habits were very
+lethargic while he was on board the Bellerophon; for though he went to
+bed between eight and nine o'clock in the evening, and did not rise till
+about the same hour in the morning, he frequently fell asleep on the
+sofa in the cabin in the course of the day. His general appearance was
+that of a man rather older than he then was. His manners <span class="pagenum"><a id="page207" name="page207"></a>(p. 207)</span> were
+extremely pleasing and affable: he joined in every conversation, related
+numerous anecdotes, and endeavoured, in every way, to promote good
+humour: he even admitted his attendants to great familiarity; and I saw
+one or two instances of their contradicting him in the most direct
+terms, though they generally treated him with much respect. He
+possessed, to a wonderful degree, a facility in making a favourable
+impression upon those with whom he entered into conversation: this
+appeared to me to be accomplished by turning the subject to matters he
+supposed the person he was addressing was well acquainted with, and on
+which he could show himself to advantage. This had the effect of putting
+him in good humour with himself; after which it was not a very difficult
+matter to transfer a part of that feeling to the person who had
+occasioned it. Lord Keith appears to have formed a very high opinion of
+the fascination of his conversation, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page208" name="page208"></a>(p. 208)</span> and expressed it very
+emphatically to me, after he had seen him: speaking of his wish for an
+interview with the Prince Regent, "D&mdash;&mdash;n the fellow," he said, "if he
+had obtained an interview with his Royal Highness, in half an hour they
+would have been the best friends in England."<a id="footnotetag11" name="footnotetag11"></a><a href="#footnote11" title="Go to footnote 11"><span class="smaller">[11]</span></a> He appeared to have
+great command of temper; for, though no man could have had greater
+trials than fell to his lot during the time he remained on board the
+Bellerophon, he never, in my presence, or as far as I know, allowed a
+fretful or captious expression to escape him: even the day he received
+the notification from Sir Henry Bunbury, that it was determined to send
+him to St Helena, he chatted and conversed with the same cheerfulness as
+usual. It has been asserted that he was acting a part all the time he
+was on board <span class="pagenum"><a id="page209" name="page209"></a>(p. 209)</span> the ship; but still, even allowing that to be the
+case, nothing but great command of temper could have enabled him to have
+sustained such a part for so many days, in his situation.</p>
+
+<p>I shall here relate a circumstance that occurred during the passage to
+England, which will show in a strong point of view the freedom that
+subsisted between him and those of his attendants in whom he had
+confidence. A conversation took place respecting the relative state of
+cultivation in France and in England. My opinion being asked, I said,
+that though the climate of France was much superior to that of England,
+I believed that agriculture had arrived at a greater state of perfection
+with us than in France. Most of the Frenchmen treated the idea with
+ridicule; upon which I said, let us refer to Monsieur Las Cases, who has
+lived several years in England. "You are right," said he; "there can be
+no doubt, that agriculture has arrived to much <span class="pagenum"><a id="page210" name="page210"></a>(p. 210)</span> greater
+perfection in England than in France; but what I admire most in England,
+are the country-seats of your noblemen and gentlemen; there you surpass
+France very much." General Bertrand then took up the conversation, and
+said, that he was assured, that thirty thousand pounds sterling was
+annually expended on the park and grounds of Blenheim. Buonaparte
+immediately reduced that sum into livres; and observed, "The thing is
+impossible: the English people are not fools; they know the value of
+money, and no individual either could or would expend such a sum for
+such a purpose." He then spoke of the expense of keeping up Malmaison,
+one of the country palaces in France; stating the sum it cost annually,
+which did not exceed five thousand pounds. Bertrand still persisted in
+his statement, and made a reference to me. I, however, could give no
+information further than saying, that from what I had heard of the Duke
+of Marlborough's finances, he <span class="pagenum"><a id="page211" name="page211"></a>(p. 211)</span> could not possibly lay out any
+such sum on Blenheim. Monsieur Bertrand would not give up the point, but
+repeated his assertion. On which Buonaparte said, with quickness, "Bah!
+c'est impossible." "Oh!" said Bertrand, much offended, "if you are to
+reply in that manner, there is an end of all argument;" and for some
+time would not converse with him. Buonaparte, so far from taking
+umbrage, did all he could to soothe him and restore him to good-humour,
+which was not very difficult to effect.</p>
+
+<p>One morning he began to talk of his wife and child, and desired Marchand
+to bring two or three miniature pictures to show me: he spoke of them
+with much feeling and affection. "I feel," said he, "the conduct of the
+allied sovereigns to be more cruel and unjustifiable towards me in that
+respect than in any other. Why should they deprive me of the comforts of
+domestic society, and take from me what must be <span class="pagenum"><a id="page212" name="page212"></a>(p. 212)</span> the dearest
+objects of affection to every man&mdash;my child, and the mother of that
+child?" On his expressing himself as above, I looked him steadily in the
+face, to observe whether he showed any emotion: the tears were standing
+in his eyes, and the whole of his countenance appeared evidently under
+the influence of a strong feeling of grief.</p>
+
+<p>There were two pictures of young Napoleon: one in the dress of a Polish
+lancer, and the other with long curly flowing ringlets: they both
+represented a fair, strong, chubby boy, with features very much
+resembling those of his father. That of his mother, a very fair woman,
+with good features, but by no means handsome.</p>
+
+<p>From the observations I was enabled to make, I very much doubt Monsieur
+Savary's statement, that the passion of ambition was so completely
+overcome in his bosom, "that had it been proposed to him again to ascend
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page213" name="page213"></a>(p. 213)</span> the throne of France, he would have declined it"; and I do
+think, that if he had succeeded in eluding the British cruisers and
+arrived in America, he would always have looked forward to returning to
+France. In all his conversations, he spoke of ambition as a quality
+absolutely necessary to form the character of a soldier. On one
+occasion, Savary spoke of Kleber, (who was left by Napoleon in command
+of the army when he quitted Egypt,) in terms of high encomium; this
+brought on a discussion upon the respective merits of that officer and
+Dessaix, whose aid-de-camp Savary had been during the negotiation of the
+convention of El Arish. Buonaparte, speaking of Kleber, bestowed upon
+him great praise as an officer; but he added, "He was deficient in one
+of the most necessary qualifications of a soldier,&mdash;ambition. He was
+indolent, and required constant spurring. Dessaix, on the contrary, had
+all his abilities, which were kept in constant activity by a mind whose
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page214" name="page214"></a>(p. 214)</span> ambition there was no satisfying; and, had they both lived to
+the present period, he would have been much the greater man of the two."</p>
+
+<p>It does not appear from the statement of Buonaparte's attendants, that
+he had made any very considerable provision for the future, in the event
+of a reverse of fortune. They often regretted his poverty; and Madame
+Bertrand assured me that he was not possessed of more than a million of
+francs&mdash;forty-two thousand pounds of our money<a id="footnotetag12" name="footnotetag12"></a><a href="#footnote12" title="Go to footnote 12"><span class="smaller">[12]</span></a>; which, if correct,
+is certainly not a very large sum for a man who had had so many millions
+at his disposal. "The <span class="pagenum"><a id="page215" name="page215"></a>(p. 215)</span> Emperor has always declared," she said,
+"that he would rise or fall with the country, and never would enrich
+himself out of the public property." He also upon one occasion, when
+there was some intention of leaving Madame Bertrand with her children in
+England, after stating Bertrand's poverty as an objection to that
+arrangement, said to me, "My finances are not such as to enable me to
+give him much assistance."</p>
+
+<p>Buonaparte's carriage, which was taken at the battle of Waterloo by the
+Prussian cavalry, contained many articles of great value. In it was a
+necessaire, in which all the instruments, bason, &amp;c. were composed of
+gold; a sword set with diamonds, and a diamond necklace, estimated at a
+very large sum of money, which one of his sisters (I think, the Princess
+of Borghese) put round his neck the night he took leave of her at Paris,
+on his setting out to join the army previous to the battle of Waterloo,
+and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page216" name="page216"></a>(p. 216)</span> which he had taken off and deposited in a secret place in
+the carriage; Marchand, his valet de chambre, being so nearly taken by
+the Prussian hussars, that he quitted the carriage without having time
+to secure it. But I have since learned from Las Cases's Memoirs, that
+the necklace alluded to was saved, and that Las Cases had it concealed
+about his person all the time he was on board the Bellerophon.</p>
+
+<p>It has been stated in many of the public prints, that had not the
+Marquis of Anglesea received a wound when he was leading on a charge,
+Buonaparte must have fallen into his hands. In consequence of observing
+this assertion, I asked Generals Bertrand and Gourgaud whether they knew
+if any such occurrence had taken place: both of whom replied, "Certainly
+not; the Emperor was frequently in the midst of the British troops
+(p�le-m�le avec les troupes Angloises); but at no time during the battle
+was he in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page217" name="page217"></a>(p. 217)</span> danger of being captured by a charge of cavalry."</p>
+
+<p>The midshipmen of the Bellerophon were in the habit of occasionally
+performing plays, to amuse themselves and the officers during the
+tedious operations of a blockade. Buonaparte being told of it by Savary,
+requested that they would oblige him by acting one for his amusement.
+During the performance, Madame Bertrand sat next to him, and
+interpreted. He appeared much amused, and laughed very heartily at our
+ladies, who were personated by great strapping fellows dressed in
+women's clothes, and not in the most tidy fashion. He had the patience
+to remain to the end of the third act, though, when attending the Opera
+at Paris, he had always retired at the end of the first.</p>
+
+<p>I heard several of the French officers discussing the merits of the
+British troops. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page218" name="page218"></a>(p. 218)</span> One of them said, "The cavalry is superb." I
+observed, "In England we have a higher opinion of our infantry." "You
+are right," said he; "there is none such in the world: there is no
+making an impression on them: you may as well attempt to charge through
+a wall: and their fire is tremendous." Another of them observed: "A
+great fault in your cavalry is their not having their horses
+sufficiently under command: there must be something wrong in the bit, as
+on one or two occasions in a charge, they could not stop their horses:
+our troops opened to the right and left, let them pass through, and then
+closed their ranks again, when they were either killed or taken
+prisoners."</p>
+
+<p>I never heard Buonaparte speak of the battle of Waterloo, or give an
+opinion of the Duke of Wellington; but I asked General Bertrand what
+Napoleon thought of him. "Why," replied he, "I will give <span class="pagenum"><a id="page219" name="page219"></a>(p. 219)</span> you
+his opinion nearly in the words he delivered it to me. 'The Duke of
+Wellington, in the management of an army, is fully equal to myself, with
+the advantage of possessing more prudence.'"</p>
+
+<p>During the time that Buonaparte was on board the Bellerophon, we always
+lived expressly for his accommodation&mdash;entirely in the French manner;
+that is to say, a hot meal was served at ten o'clock in the morning, and
+another at six in the evening; and so nearly did they resemble each
+other in all respects, that a stranger might have found difficulty, in
+coming into the cabin, to distinguish breakfast from dinner. His ma�tre
+d'h�tel took the joints off the table, cut them up in portions, and then
+handed them round. Buonaparte ate a great deal, and generally of strong
+solid food: in drinking he was extremely abstemious, confining himself
+almost entirely to claret, and seldom taking more than half-a-pint at a
+meal. <span class="pagenum"><a id="page220" name="page220"></a>(p. 220)</span> Immediately after dinner, strong coffee was handed
+round, and then some cordial; after which he rose from table, the whole
+meal seldom lasting more than twenty or twenty-five minutes: and I was
+told, that during the time he was at the head of the French Government,
+he never allowed more than fifteen minutes for that purpose.</p>
+
+<p>After he had quitted the ship, being desirous to know the feeling of the
+ship's company towards him, I asked my servant what the people said of
+him. "Why, Sir," he answered, "I heard several of them conversing
+together about him this morning; when one of them observed, 'Well, they
+may abuse that man as much as they please; but if the people of England
+knew him as well as we do, they would not hurt a hair of his head;' in
+which the others agreed." This was the more extraordinary, as he never
+went through the ship's company <span class="pagenum"><a id="page221" name="page221"></a>(p. 221)</span> but once, immediately after
+his coming on board, when I attended him, and he did not speak to any of
+the men; merely returning their salute by pulling off his hat; and in
+consequence of his presence, they suffered many privations, such as not
+being allowed to see their wives and friends, or to go on shore, having
+to keep watch in port, &amp;c.; and when he left the ship, the only money he
+distributed was twenty Napoleons to my steward, fifteen to one of the
+under-servants, and ten to the cook.</p>
+
+<p>It may, perhaps, be interesting to give a slight sketch of the principal
+persons who accompanied Buonaparte to the Bellerophon; premising, that I
+do not pretend to be minutely correct in the view I took of them: the
+trying circumstances in which these unfortunate men were placed, being
+such as required more than common temper; and I think it very doubtful,
+whether, in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page222" name="page222"></a>(p. 222)</span> the same situation, Englishmen would have
+maintained equal forbearance.</p>
+
+<p>Count Bertrand was a man of about forty-four years of age, five feet ten
+inches in height, of a slight make and prepossessing appearance: his
+manners extremely placid and gentle, though evidently of a warm temper;
+and showed himself rather hasty in his conduct to Sir George Cockburn,
+about searching the baggage; as Sir George was not acting upon his own
+authority, but by the directions of his superiors, and was inclined to
+conduct himself with as much consideration as his orders would admit. He
+was an affectionate attentive husband, and much attached to his
+children.</p>
+
+<p>The Countess Bertrand was then of a tall, slight figure. Her maiden name
+was Dillon; her father was an Irishman in the French service, who lost
+his life during the revolution, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page223" name="page223"></a>(p. 223)</span> and was related to Lord
+Dillon. Though, perhaps, a little warm, she has undoubtedly many
+excellent qualities: she showed herself to be a kind mother and
+affectionate wife; and if she easily took offence, she as easily forgot
+it; and any little dispute that occurred between her and me, was amply
+atoned for by the frank and affectionate manner in which she took leave
+when we were about to part, perhaps for ever.<a id="footnotetag13" name="footnotetag13"></a><a href="#footnote13" title="Go to footnote 13"><span class="smaller">[13]</span></a> They had, at the time
+I speak of, three fine children,&mdash;two boys and a girl; the eldest boy
+about five years of age, who seemed to have a natural turn for the
+profession of his father: his constant amusement, in which the young
+lady and little Montholon joined, was forming <span class="pagenum"><a id="page224" name="page224"></a>(p. 224)</span> lines and
+squares, and other military evolutions, on the quarter-deck.</p>
+
+<p>General Savary, Duc de Rovigo, was a tall handsome man, then about
+forty-six years of age, of a cheerful disposition; and notwithstanding
+the alarm he was in lest he should be given up to the French Government,
+he never forgot himself so far as to make use of a rude expression in my
+presence. He was Minister of Police after Fouch�. As a great deal had
+been said about Captain Wright's death, I spoke to him one day upon the
+subject, and told him it was generally believed in England that he had
+been murdered: he said, "I took much pains in investigating that matter,
+and in ascertaining the cause of his death; and I have not a doubt that
+he cut his own throat in a fit of delirium." Neither Savary nor
+Lallemand were allowed to accompany Buonaparte to St Helena; but on the
+Bellerophon's return to Plymouth, after transferring <span class="pagenum"><a id="page225" name="page225"></a>(p. 225)</span> Napoleon
+to the Northumberland, both of them, together with Planat and the other
+officers with the exception of three, were, by an order from the
+Admiralty, sent on board the Eurotas frigate, which conveyed them to
+Malta, from whence, after remaining some time as prisoners in Fort St
+Angelo, they were allowed to proceed to Smyrna.</p>
+
+<p>General Lallemand<a id="footnotetag14" name="footnotetag14"></a><a href="#footnote14" title="Go to footnote 14"><span class="smaller">[14]</span></a> was about forty-two years of age, of a thick
+strong make; his manners not pleasing, and his appearance by no means
+prepossessing. During the whole time he was in the Bellerophon, he was
+morose and abstracted, and seemed much alarmed lest he should be given
+up <span class="pagenum"><a id="page226" name="page226"></a>(p. 226)</span> to the French Government; and there can be little doubt,
+had he fallen into its power, he would have shared the fate of Ney, as
+he had, with the troops under his command, joined Napoleon on his return
+from Elba. He had formerly been, for several years, one of Buonaparte's
+aide-de-camps, and during the time he was in the Bellerophon always did
+that duty in rotation with Montholon and Gourgaud; one of them sleeping
+in his clothes on a mattress every night outside of the door of the
+cabin he slept in. The other two aide-de-camps, Generals Montholon and
+Gourgaud, were young men about thirty-two years of age, the former an
+officer in the cavalry, and the other in the artillery: they were both
+of good families; but their attachment to Buonaparte induced them to
+give up their country and property to follow him.</p>
+
+<p>Madame Montholon was a quiet unassuming woman, gave no trouble, and
+seemed <span class="pagenum"><a id="page227" name="page227"></a>(p. 227)</span> perfectly satisfied, provided she were allowed to
+accompany her husband. She had with her one fine little boy, about four
+years old, and I believe left another child at nurse in France.</p>
+
+<p>Count Las Cases, though he bore the title of Counsellor of State, held
+no official situation with Buonaparte; nor did I perfectly understand
+how he came to accompany him on his departure from France, as he was not
+with him in Elba: but the intimacy appeared to have been formed since
+his return from that island. Napoleon was fond of his conversation. He
+was of small stature, being little more than five feet high, and
+slightly made. He always spoke of his master in terms of enthusiasm, and
+resisted every application from his wife and family to remain behind,
+being determined to follow wherever Buonaparte might be sent. He took
+with him his eldest son, a quick intelligent boy of thirteen.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page228" name="page228"></a>(p. 228)</span> Monsieur Maingaut, the surgeon, with all the domestics beyond
+the twelve who went to St Helena, were conveyed in the Bellerophon to
+Portsmouth, and from thence sent to Cherbourg, and landed there.
+Monsieur Saint Catharine, a lad about sixteen, nephew to the Empress
+Josephine, and a native of Martinique, was provided with a passage to
+that island in one of our sloops of war.</p>
+
+<p>Captain Prontowski, a Pole, was allowed to proceed to St Helena, some
+time after the Northumberland sailed. Why this indulgence was granted to
+him, I never clearly understood; but it was said to be in consequence of
+the representations he made to the British Government, of the very
+strong attachment he entertained to his fallen master,&mdash;a feeling, as
+far as I could judge, which prevailed with equal force in the breasts of
+all those who accompanied him from France, without excepting Madame
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page229" name="page229"></a>(p. 229)</span> Bertrand, who, when not influenced by the horror she
+entertained of being banished to St Helena, always spoke of him not only
+with affection, but in the language of respect and enthusiasm.</p>
+
+<hr class="small">
+
+<p class="p2">[Sir Walter Scott adds at the end of his notes:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="quote">
+     <p>I declare against abridgement. You are publishing a great and
+     interesting national document, in which accuracy is everything,
+     and abridgement takes greatly from its authenticity. Anything
+     that can be pointed out as what might be personally injurious to
+     these individuals whose attachment to a fallen master renders
+     them objects of interest ought of course to be retrenched. But on
+     no other account would I in Capt. M.'s place consent to alter a
+     word of a narrative written down at the time; and this you may
+     depend upon, that the more minute the narrative is the more it
+     will be interesting to the public. Minuteness is in itself the
+     voucher for authenticity. I presume to press this general remark.</p>
+
+     <p>The whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as
+     ever was given of so interesting a transaction. It is one in
+     which Captain Maitland not only vindicates his own character, but
+     guarantees that of the British nation. I really, since an
+     opportunity is given me by Capt. Maitland's confidence, protest
+     against its being snipped and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page230" name="page230"></a>(p. 230)</span> clipped like the feet of
+     the ladies who wished to qualify themselves for the glass
+     slipper.</p>
+
+     <p>The corrections in point of mere style are generally for the
+     better, and, I think, ought to be adopted. But let an idea get
+     abroad that your narrative has been altered and modified to suit
+     existing times, and the public suspicion will greatly outrun the
+     fact and suppose that material cancels or alterations have been
+     made.]</p>
+</div>
+
+<a id="img008" name="img008"></a>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<a href="images/img008.jpg">
+<img src="images/img008tb.jpg" width="500" height="262" alt="" title=""></a>
+<p>Facsimile of part of Sir Walter Scott's
+  Notes on the "Narrative"</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="page231" name="page231"></a>(p. 231)</span> APPENDIX.</h3>
+
+
+<p>So many erroneous statements have gone abroad, as to the terms of
+Buonaparte's reception on board the Bellerophon, that I conceive it
+right to give the following correspondence, although at the expense of
+some repetition; in order to its being distinctly seen, that the good
+faith of the British nation was not compromised on that occasion, but
+that His Majesty's Government were at perfect liberty, as far as those
+terms were concerned, to act as they thought best.</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"Tonnant, at anchor under Berryhead,<br>
+  7th August, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"Count Las Cases having this morning stated to me that he understood
+from you, when he was on board the Bellerophon in Basque Roads, on a
+mission from General Buonaparte, that you were authorized to receive the
+General and his suite on board the ship you command, for conveyance to
+England; and that you assured him, at the same time, that both the
+General and his suite would be well received <span class="pagenum"><a id="page232" name="page232"></a>(p. 232)</span> there; you are to
+report for my information, such observations as you may consider it
+necessary to make upon these assertions.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">"I am, Sir,<br>
+<span class="left10">Your most obedient,</span><br>
+<span class="left20">humble servant,</span><br>
+<span class="left50"><span class="smcap">Keith</span>, Admiral."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"Captain Maitland,<br>
+  Bellerophon."</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">"H.M.S. Bellerophon,<br>
+  Plymouth Sound, 8th August, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">My Lord</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's letter of
+yesterday's date, informing me that Count Las Cases had stated to you,
+that he had understood from me when he was on board the Bellerophon in
+Basque Roads, on a mission from General Buonaparte, that I was
+authorized to receive the General and his suite on board the ship I
+command, for a conveyance to England, and that I assured him at the same
+time, that both the General and his suite would be well received there;
+and directing me to report for your Lordship's information such
+observations as I may consider it necessary to make upon these
+assertions. I shall, in consequence, state, to the best of my
+recollection, the whole of the transaction that took place between Count
+Las Cases and me, on the 14th of July, respecting the embarkation of
+Napoleon Buonaparte, for the veracity of which I beg to refer your
+Lordship to Captain Sartorius as to what was said in the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page233" name="page233"></a>(p. 233)</span>
+morning, and to that officer and Captain Gambier (the Myrmidon having
+joined me in the afternoon) as to what passed in the evening.</p>
+
+<p>"Your Lordship being informed already of the flag of truce that came out
+to me on the 10th of July, as well as of every thing that occurred on
+that occasion, I shall confine myself to the transactions of the 14th of
+the same month.</p>
+
+<p>"Early in the morning of that day, the officer of the watch informed me,
+a schooner, bearing a flag of truce, was approaching: on her joining the
+ship, about seven <span class="smcap">A.M.</span> the Count Las Cases and General Lallemand came on
+board, when, on being shown into the cabin, Las Cases asked me if any
+answer had been returned to the letter sent by me to Sir Henry Hotham
+respecting Napoleon Buonaparte being allowed to pass for America, either
+in the frigates or in a neutral vessel. I informed him no answer had
+been returned, though I hourly expected, in consequence of those
+despatches, Sir Henry Hotham would arrive; and, as I had told Monsieur
+Las Cases, when last on board, that I should send my boat in when the
+answer came, it was quite unnecessary to have sent out a flag of truce
+on that account:&mdash;there, for the time, the conversation terminated. On
+their coming on board, I had made the signal for the Captain of the
+Slaney, being desirous of having a witness to all that might pass.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page234" name="page234"></a>(p. 234)</span> "After breakfast (during which Captain Sartorius came on board)
+we retired to the after-cabin, when Monsieur Las Cases began on the same
+subject, and said, 'The Emperor was so anxious to stop the further
+effusion of blood, that he would go to America in any way the English
+Government would sanction, either in a neutral, a disarmed frigate, or
+an English ship of war.' To which I replied, 'I have no authority to
+permit any of those measures; but if he chooses to come on board the
+ship I command, I think, under the orders I am acting with, I may
+venture to receive him and carry him to England; but, if I do so, I can
+in no way be answerable for the reception he may meet with (this I
+repeated several times); when Las Cases said, 'I have little doubt,
+under those circumstances, that you will see the Emperor on board the
+Bellerophon.' After some more general conversation, and the above being
+frequently repeated, Monsieur Las Cases and General Lallemand took their
+leave: and I assure your Lordship that I never, in any way, entered into
+conditions with respect to the reception General Buonaparte was to meet
+with; nor was it, at that time, finally arranged that he was to come on
+board the Bellerophon. In the course of conversation, Las Cases asked me
+whether I thought Buonaparte would be well received in England; to which
+I gave the only answer I could do in my situation&mdash;'That I did not at
+all know what was the intention of the British Government; but I had no
+reason to suppose he would not be well received.' It is here worthy of
+remark, that <span class="pagenum"><a id="page235" name="page235"></a>(p. 235)</span> when Las Cases came on board, he assured me that
+Buonaparte was then at Rochefort, and that it would be necessary for him
+to go there to report the conversation that had passed between us (this
+I can prove by the testimony of Captain Sartorius, and the first
+Lieutenant of this ship, to whom I spoke of it at the time), which
+statement was not fact; Buonaparte never having quitted Isle d'Aix, or
+the frigates, after the 3rd.</p>
+
+<p>"I was, therefore, much surprised at seeing Monsieur Las Cases on board
+again before seven o'clock the same evening; and one of the first
+questions I put to him was, whether he had been at Rochefort. He
+answered, that on returning to Isle d'Aix, he found that Buonaparte had
+arrived there.</p>
+
+<p>"Monsieur Las Cases then presented to me the letter Count Bertrand wrote
+concerning Buonaparte's intention to come on board the ship (a copy of
+which has been transmitted to your Lordship by Sir Henry Hotham); and it
+was not till then agreed upon that I should receive him; when either
+Monsieur Las Cases, or General Gourgaud (I am not positive which, as I
+was employed writing my own despatches), wrote to Bertrand to inform him
+of it. While paper was preparing to write the letter, I said again to
+Monsieur Las Cases, 'You will recollect I have no authority for making
+conditions of any sort.' Nor has Monsieur Las Cases ever started such an
+idea till the day before yesterday. That it was not the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page236" name="page236"></a>(p. 236)</span>
+feeling of Buonaparte, or the rest of his people, I will give strong
+proof, drawn from the conversations they have held with me.</p>
+
+<p>"As I never heard the subject mentioned till two days ago, I shall not
+detail every conversation that has passed, but confine myself to that
+period.</p>
+
+<p>"The night that the squadron anchored at the back of Berryhead,
+Buonaparte sent for me about 10 <span class="smcap">P.M.</span> and said he was informed by
+Bertrand, that I had received orders to remove him to the
+Northumberland, and wished to know if that was the case; on being told
+that it was, he requested I would write a letter to Bertrand, stating I
+had such orders, that it might not appear that he went of his own
+accord, but that he had been forced to do so. I told him, I could have
+no objection, and wrote a letter to that effect (a copy of which is here
+annexed), which your Lordship afterwards sanctioned, and desired me, if
+he required it, to give him a copy of the order.</p>
+
+<p>"After having arranged that matter, I was going to withdraw, when he
+requested me to remain, as he had something more to say: he then began
+complaining of his treatment in being forced to go to St Helena: among
+other things, he observed, 'They say I made no conditions: certainly, I
+made no conditions: how could a private man (<i>un particulier</i>) make
+conditions with a nation? I wanted nothing <span class="pagenum"><a id="page237" name="page237"></a>(p. 237)</span> from them but
+hospitality, or (as the ancients would express it) air and water. I
+threw myself on the generosity of the English nation; I claimed a place
+<i>sur leurs foyers</i>, and my only wish was to purchase a small estate and
+end my life in tranquillity.' After more of the same sort of
+conversation I left him for the night.</p>
+
+<p>"On the morning he removed from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland,
+he sent for me again, and said, 'I have sent for you to express my
+gratitude for your conduct to me, while I have been on board the ship
+you command. My reception in England has been very different from what I
+expected; but you throughout have behaved like a man of honour; and I
+request you will accept my thanks, as well as convey them to the
+officers, and ship's company of the Bellerophon.'</p>
+
+<p>"Soon afterwards Montholon came to me from Buonaparte; but, to
+understand what passed between him and me, I must revert to a
+conversation that I had with Madame Bertrand on the passage from
+Rochefort.</p>
+
+<p>"It is not necessary to state how the conversation commenced, as it does
+not apply to the present transaction; but she informed me, that it was
+Buonaparte's intention to present me with a box containing his picture
+set with diamonds. I answered, 'I hope not, for I cannot receive it.'
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page238" name="page238"></a>(p. 238)</span> 'Then you will offend him very much,' she said. 'If that is
+the case,' I replied, 'I request you will take measures to prevent its
+being offered, as it is absolutely impossible I can accept of it; and I
+wish to spare him the mortification, and myself the pain, of a refusal.'
+There the matter dropt, and I heard no more of it, till about half an
+hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon, when Montholon came to
+me, and said he was desired by Buonaparte to express the high sense he
+entertained of my conduct throughout the whole of the transaction: that
+it had been his intention to present me with a box containing his
+portrait, but that he understood I was determined not to accept it. I
+said, 'Placed as I was, I felt it impossible to receive a present from
+him, though I was highly flattered at the testimony he had borne to the
+uprightness of my conduct throughout.' Montholon then added, 'One of the
+greatest causes of chagrin he feels in not being admitted to an
+interview with the Prince Regent, is, that he had determined to ask as a
+favour, your being promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral.' To which I
+replied, 'That would have been quite impossible, but I do not the less
+feel the kindness of the intention.' I then said, 'I am hurt that Las
+Cases should say I held forth any assurances as to the reception
+Buonaparte was to meet with in England.' 'Oh!' said he, 'Las Cases is
+disappointed in his expectations; and as he negotiated the affair, he
+attributes the Emperor's situation to himself: but I can assure you,
+that he (Buonaparte) <span class="pagenum"><a id="page239" name="page239"></a>(p. 239)</span> feels convinced you have acted like a man
+of honour throughout.'</p>
+
+<p>"As your Lordship overheard part of a conversation which took place
+between Las Cases and me on the quarter-deck of the Bellerophon, I shall
+not detail it; but on that occasion, I positively denied having promised
+anything as to the reception of Buonaparte and his suite; and I believe
+your Lordship was of opinion he could not make out the statement to you.</p>
+
+<p>"It is extremely unpleasant for me to be under the necessity of entering
+into a detail of this sort; but the unhandsome representation Monsieur
+Las Cases has made to your Lordship of my conduct, has obliged me to
+produce proofs of the light in which the transaction was viewed by
+Buonaparte as well as his attendants.</p>
+
+<p>"I again repeat, that Captains Gambier and Sartorius can verify the
+principal part of what I have stated, as far as concerns the charge made
+against me by Count Las Cases.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+  "I have the honour to be,<br>
+<span class="left10">Your Lordship's</span><br>
+<span class="left20">Most obedient humble servant,</span><br>
+<span class="left50 smcap">Frederick L. Maitland."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"To the Right Hon.<br>
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.<br>
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller"><span class="pagenum"><a id="page240" name="page240"></a>(p. 240)</span> "Slaney, in Plymouth Sound,<br>
+  15th August, 1815.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">My Lord</span>,</p>
+
+<p>"I have read Captain Maitland's letter to your Lordship, of the 8th
+instant, containing his observations upon the assertions made on the
+preceding day by Count Las Cases; and I most fully attest the
+correctness of the statement he has made, so far as relates to the
+conversations that took place in my presence.</p>
+
+<p class="leftaligned">
+  "I have the honour to be,<br>
+<span class="left10">Your Lordship's</span><br>
+<span class="left20">Most obedient humble servant,</span><br>
+<span class="left50">G. R. <span class="smcap">Sartorius</span>,</span><br>
+<span class="left50">Capt. of H.M.S. Slaney."</span></p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">"To the Right Hon.<br>
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.<br>
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p>A letter to the same effect as the foregoing was written to Lord Keith,
+by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, and forwarded by his Lordship to
+the Admiralty, with my report; of which, by some accident, the Admiral's
+secretary did not furnish me with a copy.</p>
+
+
+<h3><span class="pagenum"><a id="page241" name="page241"></a>(p. 241)</span> ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.</h3>
+
+<h4>I.</h4>
+
+<h6>LIST OF OFFICERS borne on the Books of H.M.S. Bellerophon in July 1815.</h6>
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li>Captain Fred. L. Maitland.</li>
+<li>Lieutenant Andrew Mott.<a id="footnotetag15" name="footnotetag15"></a><a href="#footnote15" title="Go to footnote 15"><span class="smaller">[15]</span></a></li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>   <span class="add2em">William Walford.</span></li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>   <span class="add2em">John Bowerbank.</span></li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>   <span class="add2em">Gabriel Christie.</span></li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>   <span class="add2em">Edward William Ramsay.</span></li>
+<li>Captain of Marines, George Marshall.</li>
+<li>Lieutenant of Marines, J. W. Simpson.</li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>   <span class="add2em">Henry Smith.</span></li>
+<li>Master, Stephen Vale.</li>
+<li>Surgeon, Barry O'Meara.</li>
+<li>Assistant-Surgeon, A. Milne.</li>
+<li> <span class="add2em">"</span>    <span class="add2em">E. Graebke.</span></li>
+<li>Chaplain, J. W. Wynne.</li>
+<li>Purser, George Jackson.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h6><span class="pagenum"><a id="page242" name="page242"></a>(p. 242)</span> II.</h6>
+
+<h6>Letter from <span class="smcap">Ephraim Graebke</span>, assistant-surgeon on board H.M.S.
+     Bellerophon, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's
+     surrender (British Museum, Additional MSS. 34,710, f. 81).</h6>
+
+<p class="right10 smaller">H.M.S. Bellerophon, Plymouth Sound,<br>
+  Tuesday, July 30, 1815.</p>
+
+<p class="smcap">My dear Mother,</p>
+
+<p>You will be surprised at not hearing from me, and knowing the
+Bellerophon's arrival in England, but when I tell you no private letters
+were allowed to leave the ship before to-day, that will cease. It's
+unnecessary to say that we have got Buonaparte and suite on board, as it
+was known in England previous to our arrival, which took place on the
+24th instant in Torbay. The circumstances which led to his surrender
+were his defeats in all points, and was it not for the strict blockade
+we kept up would [<i>sic</i>] have escaped to America. We heard of his being
+on board the French frigate Saale off <span class="pagenum"><a id="page243" name="page243"></a>(p. 243)</span> Rochfort, from which
+moment we watched his movements if possible more closely than before. On
+the morning of the 14th instant, observing a schooner bearing a flag of
+truce on board standing towards us, we hove to for her, when Count
+Lascazas and General Lallemande came on board with proposals from
+Buonaparte, in consequence of which we came to anchor in the evening in
+the roads off Rochelle. Next morning, 15th instant, at 4 <span class="smcap">a.m</span>. observed a
+man-of-war brig standing out and beating towards us, we immediately
+dispatched all our boats. Lieut. Mott in the barge brought Buonaparte on
+board at 7, the boats were busily employed in bringing his retinue and
+baggage, and I never saw men exert themselves so much as ours did that
+day, lest Admiral Hotham should take him, as he was off the harbour in
+the Superb, and saw him coming on board here, and did all in his power
+to get in, but did not come to anchor before 11 in the forenoon.
+Buonaparte is a fine-looking man, inclined to corpulency, is five feet
+six inches in height, his hair turning grey, and a little bald on the
+crown of the head, no whiskers, complexion French yellow, eyes grey,
+Roman nose, good mouth and chin, neck short, big belly, arms stout,
+small white hands, and shews a good leg. He wears a cocked hat somewhat
+like our old-fashioned three cornered ones, with the tri-coloured
+cockade in it, plain green coat, cape red, and cuffs the same, plain
+gold epaulets, and a large star on the left breast, white waistcoat and
+breeches and white silk stockings, thin <span class="pagenum"><a id="page244" name="page244"></a>(p. 244)</span> shoes and buckles.
+Eats but two meals in the day, breakfast and dinner, and these are
+sumptuous, fish, flesh, and fowl, wines, fruit, various French dishes
+&amp;c. &amp;c. He breakfasts about eleven and dines at six, is about half an
+hour at each, when he generally comes on deck or goes into the
+after-cabin to study. We do not know what's to be done with him yet, he
+remains on board until we hear from the allies. In his suite are Marshal
+Bertrand, Duc de Rovigo [Savary] once the French minister of police,
+Counts Lascazas and Montholon, Generals Lallemande and Gourgou, several
+Lieut.-Colonels and Captains, to enumerate them would be tedious. We
+have 33 on board, 17 were sent on board the Myrmidon, Captn. Gambier.
+There are two Countesses on board, but not to be compared even to our
+English ladies. Their children are handsome.... We performed the comedy
+of the "Poor Gentleman" before Buonaparte and suite. I acted the part of
+Corporal Foss. It went off very well, our scenery was excellent. The
+female dresses were badly suited for Midshipmen. I long to hear from you
+and will expect to hear all the news.... I wish you were all here to see
+Buonaparte, the curiosity of all ranks to see him is excessive. There
+are Admiralty orders not to allow any person whatever on board, but they
+crowd in boats round the ship, and he very condescendingly stands
+looking at them through a spyglass. There are two frigates, one on each
+side of us, the Eurotas and Liffey, and their boats are <span class="pagenum"><a id="page245" name="page245"></a>(p. 245)</span>
+constantly rowing about the ship to keep off the boats. We prisoners
+have no other amusement than to look at them contending for places. I
+hope we will soon be allowed to go ashore, as I want to see Captain
+Sandys. You must be tired reading this long epistle. We took some
+prizes, one ship laden with Buonaparte's soldiers, one chasse mar�e
+laden with resin, and the Cephulus man-of-war brig sent in a West
+Indiaman laden with sugar, coffee, &amp;c. from Martinique bound to France,
+and for which we will share by mutual agreements. Give my affectionate
+love to Ally, Anne, Wilhelmina, Sophia and Jane. I know the want of not
+being near them as my shirts are going to pieces, as soon as I can
+afford the sum I will get some new ones. I have the old number the same
+as when I left you and bought none since.... I remain, my dear mother,
+your affectionate son,</p>
+
+<p class="right10 smcap">Ephraim Graebke.</p>
+
+<p><i>P.S.</i>&mdash;I think myself very lucky to belong to the old Bellerophon at
+this important time. Lose no time in answering this letter.</p>
+
+<p class="smaller noindent">
+  Mrs <span class="smcap">Graebke</span>,<br>
+  <span class="smcap">Midleton, Co. Cork</span>.</p>
+
+<h4><span class="pagenum"><a id="page246" name="page246"></a>(p. 246)</span> III.</h4>
+
+<h6>Extracts from <i>Memoirs of an Aristocrat, and Reminiscences of the
+     Emperor Napoleon, by a Midshipman of the Bellerophon</i> [George
+     Home]. London, Whittaker &amp; Co., and Bell &amp; Bradfute, Edinburgh,
+     1838.</h6>
+
+<p>About six in the morning, the look-out man at the mast-head announced a
+large ship of war standing direct in for the roadstead, which Captain
+Maitland, suspecting to be the Superb, bearing the flag of Admiral Sir
+Henry Hotham, he gave immediate orders to hoist out the barge, and
+dispatched her, under the command of the first lieutenant, to the French
+brig, being apprehensive that if the Admiral arrived before the brig got
+out, that Napoleon would deliver himself up to the Admiral instead of
+us, and thus have lost us so much honour.</p>
+
+<p>As our barge approached, the brig hove to, and from the moment she came
+alongside, we watched every motion with deep anxiety. Like all
+Napoleon's movements, he was not slow even in this, his last free act.
+The barge had not remained ten minutes alongside, before we saw the
+rigging of the brig crowded with men, persons stepping down the side
+into the boat, and the next moment she shoved off, and gave way for the
+ship; while the waving of the men's hats in the rigging, and the
+cheering <span class="pagenum"><a id="page247" name="page247"></a>(p. 247)</span> which we heard faintly in the distance, left no doubt
+that the expected guest was approaching. A general's guard of marines
+was ordered aft on the quarter-deck, and the boatswain stood, whistle in
+hand, ready to do the honours of the side. The lieutenants stood grouped
+first on the quarter-deck, and we more humble middies behind them, while
+the captain, evidently in much anxiety, kept trudging backwards and
+forwards between the gangway and his own cabin, sometimes peeping out at
+one of the quarter-deck ports, to see if the barge was drawing near.</p>
+
+<p>It is a sin to mix up any trifling story with so great an event; but a
+circumstance occurred so laughable of itself, rendered more so from the
+solemnity of the occasion, that I cannot resist mentioning it. While in
+this state of eager expectation, a young midshipman, one of the Bruces
+of Kennet, I think, walked very demurely up to Manning, the boatswain,
+who was standing all importance at the gangway, and after comically
+eyeing his squat figure and bronzed countenance, Bruce gently laid hold
+of one of his whiskers, to which the boatswain good-naturedly submitted,
+as the youngster was a great favourite with him.</p>
+
+<p>"Manning," says he, most sentimentally, "this is the proudest day of
+your life; you are this day to do the honours of the side to the
+greatest man the world ever produced or ever will produce."</p>
+
+<p>Here the boatswain eyed him with proud delight.</p>
+
+<p>"And along with the great Napoleon, the name <span class="pagenum"><a id="page248" name="page248"></a>(p. 248)</span> of Manning, the
+boatswain of the Bellerophon, will go down to the latest posterity; and,
+as a relic of that great man, permit me, my dear Manning, to preserve a
+lock of your hair."</p>
+
+<p>Here he made an infernal tug at the boatswain's immense whisker, and
+fairly carried away a part of it, making his way through the crowd, and
+down below with the speed of an arrow. The infuriated boatswain, finding
+he had passed so rapidly from the sublime to the ridiculous, through the
+instrumentality of this imp of a youngster, could vent his rage in no
+way but by making his glazed hat spin full force after his tantalizer,
+with a "G&mdash;d d&mdash;&mdash;n your young eyes and limbs." The hat, however, fell
+far short of young Bruce, and the noise and half burst of laughter the
+trick occasioned drew the attention of the Captain, who, coming up, with
+a "What, what's all this?" the poor boatswain was glad to draw to his
+hat and resume his position.</p>
+
+<p>The barge approached, and ranged alongside. The first lieutenant came up
+the side, and to Maitland's eager and blunt question, "Have you got
+him?" he answered in the affirmative. After the lieutenant came Savary,
+followed by Marshal Bertrand, who bowed and fell back a pace on the
+gangway to await the ascent of their master. And now came the little
+great man himself, wrapped up in his gray greatcoat buttoned to the
+chin, three-cocked hat and Hussar boots, without any sword, I suppose as
+emblematical of his changed condition. Maitland received him with every
+mark of respect, as far as <span class="pagenum"><a id="page249" name="page249"></a>(p. 249)</span> look and deportment could indicate;
+but he was <i>not</i> received with the respect due to a crowned head, which
+was afterwards insidiously thrown out against Maitland. So far from
+that, the captain, on Napoleon's addressing him, only moved his hat, as
+to a general officer, and remained covered while the Emperor spoke to
+him. His expressions were brief, I believe only reiterating what he had
+stated the day previous in his letter to the Prince Regent, "That he
+placed himself under the protection of the British nation, and under
+that of the British commander as the representative of his sovereign."
+The captain again moved his hat, and turned to conduct the Emperor to
+the cabin. As he passed through the officers assembled on the
+quarter-deck, he repeatedly bowed slightly to us, and smiled. What an
+ineffable beauty there was in that smile, his teeth were finely set, and
+as white as ivory, and his mouth had a charm about it that I have never
+seen in any other human countenance. I marked his fine robust figure as
+he followed Captain Maitland into the cabin, and, boy as I was, I said
+to myself, "Now have I a tale for futurity."</p>
+
+<p class="p0 spaced2">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p>
+
+<p>I shall never forget that morning we made Ushant. I had come on deck at
+four in the morning to take the morning watch, and the washing of decks
+had just begun, when, to my astonishment, I saw the Emperor come out of
+the cabin at that early hour, and make for the poop-ladder. Had I known
+what human misery is as well as I do now, when I have <span class="pagenum"><a id="page250" name="page250"></a>(p. 250)</span> myself
+experienced the most cruel injustice and persecution on a lesser scale,
+the restlessness of Napoleon, or his being unable to close an eye, would
+have in no way surprised me. If a petty care can break our sleep, what
+must have been <i>his</i> feeling who had lost the fairest empire on the face
+of the globe; nay, who had lost a world? From the wetness of the decks,
+he was in danger of falling at every step, and I immediately stepped up
+to him, hat in hand, and tendered him my arm, which he laid hold of at
+once, smiling, and pointing to the poop, saying in broken English, "the
+poop, the poop"; he ascended the poop-ladder leaning on my arm; and
+having gained the deck, he quitted his hold and mounted upon a
+gun-slide, nodding and smiling thanks, for my attention, and pointing to
+the land he said, "Ushant, Cape Ushant." I replied, "Yes, sire," and
+withdrew. He then took out a pocket-glass and applied it to his eye,
+looking eagerly at the land. In this position, he remained from five in
+the morning to nearly mid-day, without paying any attention to what was
+passing around him, or speaking to one of his suite, who had been
+standing behind him for several hours.</p>
+
+<p>No wonder he thus gazed, it was the last look of the land of his glory,
+and I am convinced he felt it such. What must have been his feelings in
+those few hours, how painful the retrospect, and how awful the look
+forward!&mdash;<i>there</i> still lay before him that land which he had made so
+famous, where his proud name had risen until it "o'ershadowed the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page251" name="page251"></a>(p. 251)</span> earth with his fame"; there had he been worshipped almost as a
+god, and bowed to by every servile knee, that now, in the hour of bitter
+adversity, had basely deserted and betrayed him. Never man was read such
+a lesson as must have passed before him in that brief space, unless,
+really, that the greatness of the change, the suddenness of the fall had
+benumbed all feeling, and left him only a mass of contending passions
+which combated and stilled each other by the very violence of their
+working. But this was not the case with Napoleon, his emotion was
+visible, he hung upon the land until it looked only a speck in the
+distance, and then, turning, stepped from the gun-slide into the arms of
+his faithful Bertrand, who stood ready to receive his fallen master. He
+uttered not a word as he tottered down the poop-ladder, his head hung
+heavily forward, so as to render his countenance scarcely visible, and
+in this way he was conducted to his cabin.</p>
+
+<p class="p0 spaced2">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p>
+
+<p>Amongst other plans for killing the time, and lightening the tedium of a
+sea passage to the refugees, we bethought us of getting up a play. This
+was managed by one of the lieutenants of marines, a fellow of great
+taste, and some one or two of the midshipmen, who pretended to skill in
+the Shakespearian art. What the piece was I do not recollect, but when
+it was announced to the Emperor, by Captain Maitland, and the immortal
+honour of his imperial presence begged, for a few minutes, he laughed
+very heartily, consented instantly; and <span class="pagenum"><a id="page252" name="page252"></a>(p. 252)</span> turning to Lady
+Bertrand, told her that she must stand his interpreter. The stage was
+fitted up between decks, more, I am afraid, in ship-shape than
+theatrical style; and, sure enough, Napoleon and his whole suite
+attended. He was much amused with those who took the female parts,
+which, by the way, was the most smooth-chinned of our young gentlemen,
+remarking that they were rather a little Dutch built for fine ladies;
+and, after good-naturedly sitting for nearly twenty minutes, he rose,
+smiled to the actors, and retired. I mention these circumstances, by way
+of showing the last glimpses of sunshine that enlivened the exile's
+closing scene.</p>
+
+<p>On the 23rd, we made the land; and, on the 24th, at seven <span class="smcap">P.M.</span>, we came
+to an anchor in Torbay, when the first lieutenant was immediately put on
+shore, with orders to proceed by land to Plymouth, with dispatches for
+Lord Keith, at that time admiral on the Plymouth station.</p>
+
+<p>I happened to be midshipman of the boat, which conveyed the first
+lieutenant on shore; and no sooner had we got clear of him, than I was
+taken prisoner by some twenty young ladies, marched off to a fine house
+in the little town, regaled with tea and clouted cream, and bored with
+five thousand questions about Napoleon, the ridiculousness of which I
+have often laughed at since. "What like was he&mdash;was he really a man?
+Were his hands and clothes all over blood when he came on board? Was it
+true that he had killed three horses in riding from Waterloo to the
+Bellerophon? Were we not all <span class="pagenum"><a id="page253" name="page253"></a>(p. 253)</span> frightened for him? Was his voice
+like thunder? Could I possibly get them a sight of the monster, just
+that they might be able to say they had seen him?" etc. etc. I assured
+those inquisitive nymphs, that the reports they had heard were all
+nonsense; that the Emperor was not only a man, but a very handsome man
+too; young withal, had no more blood upon his hands or clothes than was
+now upon their pure white dresses; that if by chance they got a look of
+him at the gangway, they would fall in love with him directly; that so
+far from his hands being red with blood, they were as small, white, and
+soft as their own charming fingers, and his voice, instead of resembling
+thunder, was as sweet and musical as their own. This account of the
+Emperor's beauty perfectly astonished the recluses of Torbay; some
+misbelieved altogether, while the curiosity of others was excited beyond
+all bounds. A general proposition was now made, that I should bundle
+them, like live cattle, into my little cutter, and take them all on
+board to gratify their curiosity at once. This was quite contrary to
+orders. Not a soul was allowed to come on board the ship, and I had to
+plead a thousand excuses for my want of gallantry, in not complying with
+the very natural wish of my young companions. As far as I was concerned,
+resistance was vain; I was again seized, hurried down to the boat, and
+had the pleasure of seeing it filled to cramming with the charmers of
+Torbay. This was a devil of a mess;&mdash;I might as well have gone <span class="pagenum"><a id="page254" name="page254"></a>(p. 254)</span>
+into the mouth of a cannon, as have carried such a cargo alongside the
+ship,&mdash;the thing was impossible. So I had nothing for it, but to call
+aside the boat's crew, and whisper to them to use gentle violence with
+my young boarders, and set them down on shore. This was glorious fun to
+Jack;&mdash;to work they fell, and in the midst of screams, laughter, and a
+few d&mdash;&mdash;n my eyes, ma'am, don't kick so hard, on the part of the
+Bellerophons, we had our nymphs safely deposited on terra firma, and
+were off in a trice, enjoying the general discomfiture of the poor
+ladies, who were equally laughed at by the lookers-on, on shore.... We
+left Torbay, on the 26th July at 4 <span class="smcap">A.M.</span>, and at 4 in the evening came to
+an anchor in Plymouth Sound, just within the breakwater, then only
+beginning to shew its head above water at low tide. It has since, I am
+told, been made a splendid affair; but it then only afforded footing for
+a few gazers from the shore, who perched themselves upon it to watch the
+cabin-windows of the Bellerophon, in hopes of getting a glimpse of the
+Emperor.</p>
+
+<p class="p0 spaced2">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p>
+
+<p>The signal for the Emperor's being on deck was the officers uncovering.
+No sooner was this ceremony noticed, than the rush from without took
+place, and the screaming and swearing commenced, which was very
+considerably heightened upon one occasion by a plan of some of our
+wise-headed young gentlemen. Being in want of amusement, they bethought
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page255" name="page255"></a>(p. 255)</span> them of priming the fire engine, which happened to be standing
+on the poop, and after clapping a relay of hands ready to ply it to
+advantage, we uncovered, and waited the approach of the boats. No sooner
+were they within reach, than off went the water-spout, which fell "alike
+on the just and the unjust," for both the dockyard men and the
+spectators who came within its compass got a good ducking. This prank
+created an infernal confusion, and our trick having been twigged by the
+first lieutenant, the chief actors in this notable exploit were ordered
+up to the mast-head to enjoy their frolic for a few hours, which
+evidently much gratified the unfortunate sufferers from the effects of
+the operation.</p>
+
+<p class="p0 spaced2">. . . . . . . . . . . . . . </p>
+
+<p>Maitland, knowing how he stood with "the powers that be," was determined
+not to commit himself by accepting of any present of value from
+Napoleon, as he knew it would be directly made a handle of to injure his
+character as a British officer. He, therefore, I believe, refused to
+accept of a gold snuff-box tendered him by the Emperor as a mark of his
+esteem, but he did not refuse the offer of a few dozens of French wine,
+as a present to Mrs Maitland, who had been personally introduced to
+Napoleon, as far as introduction was possible, that is, she had been
+permitted to come within a foot or two of the ship, and Napoleon most
+condescendingly stepped to the gangway, smiled and bowed to her. Mrs
+Maitland was a charming little woman in those <span class="pagenum"><a id="page256" name="page256"></a>(p. 256)</span> days,&mdash;alas! we
+are all getting old now,&mdash;a daughter of green Erin, and Napoleon seemed
+greatly pleased with her appearance, hence the offer of this trifling
+present as a token of respect. The captain took it on shore in the gig,
+and no sooner had she struck the beach than the custom-house officers
+jumped on board, and made a seizure of it, hauled the boat up upon the
+beach, and clapped his Majesty's broad arrow upon her, that fatal mark
+indicative of being in "the hands of the Philistines" of the revenue. I
+shall never forget Maitland's countenance when he came on board after
+this ridiculous and provoking affair. Being deprived of his own boat by
+"the land-sharks," he was obliged to hire a shore boat to bring off
+himself and his boat's crew, and she was nearly alongside before the
+first lieutenant discovered that there was a naval officer in her, and
+on taking a look with his glass, he exclaimed, "Good God! there is the
+captain coming off in a shore boat." The side was manned, and when
+Maitland stepped on board, he turned to Mott with a most rueful
+countenance, remarking, "they have seized the wine." This was petty
+work, and to make the thing more provoking, they had poor Maitland stuck
+up next day in the Plymothian journals as having been detected in the
+act of conveying wine and other presents on shore, received from
+Napoleon. What was the fate of the wine, I do not know, but the gig, of
+course, was restored immediately, and I should suppose the wine also,
+considering the shameful nature of the seizure.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page257" name="page257"></a>(p. 257)</span> On the 4th of August we left Plymouth Sound in company with the
+Tonnant, bearing the flag of Admiral Lord Keith, and on the 6th we came
+to an anchor off Berryhead, there to wait the arrival of the
+Northumberland, which was hourly expected. She made her appearance in
+the course of the day, and after due salutes from both admiral's ships,
+in which noisy greeting we of course joined, for we are very polite at
+sea, in our own thundering way, she took up her station close by us.</p>
+
+<p>Towards evening Lord Keith came on board of us, and had a long personal
+interview with Napoleon in the cabin, which we may judge was not of the
+pleasantest nature. From some intemperate threat of Savary, I believe,
+who had declared that he would not allow his master to leave the
+Bellerophon alive, to go into such wretched captivity, it was judged
+proper to deprive the refugees of their arms. A good many swords, and
+several brace of pistols, marked with a large silver N. at the butt end,
+were brought down to the gun-room, where they remained for some hours.
+Three of the swords belonged to Napoleon, and two of them were pointed
+out to us as those he wore at Marengo and Austerlitz.</p>
+
+<p>I never in my life felt such a strong inclination to lay my hands on
+what was not my own. A sword I durst not think of, but could I have got
+a brace of pistols, or even one solitary pistol, belonging to Napoleon,
+I would have thought myself the happiest man alive; but it would not do,
+detection was certain, and with bitter vexation I saw them carried
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page258" name="page258"></a>(p. 258)</span> out of the gun-room. Now, reader, do you think this would have
+been a pardonable theft? Their value was nothing in my eyes; it was a
+relic of the great man I wanted, and I cared not what it was, or how I
+came by it; therefore, had I been able to secure a pistol, my conscience
+would never have smote me with having done wrong; and I am sure, could
+the Emperor have known with what a pure spirit of devotion I meant to
+commit the theft, he would have ordered me a brace instantly.</p>
+
+<p>It was this night settled that our surgeon, Barry O'Meara, who
+afterwards became so conspicuous for his spirited defence of his patient
+against the tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe (I hate to write that man's
+name,) should follow Napoleon to St Helena in the character of surgeon,
+his own, who looked a poor creature, and was continually sea-sick while
+on board, having declined, I believe, to accompany him farther, and the
+7th was appointed for Napoleon leaving the ship.</p>
+
+<p>The 7th came; it was a dull cloudy sunless day, and every countenance
+was overcast with gloom. We had not seen the Emperor for a week, and we
+were all anxious to observe the change that the horrible tidings of his
+destination had made upon him. Lord Keith, Admiral Cockburn, and Captain
+Ross, came on board about eleven o'clock; and it was intimated to
+Napoleon, that they were ready to conduct him on board the
+Northumberland. A general's guard of marines was drawn up on the
+quarter-deck, to receive him as he came out of the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page259" name="page259"></a>(p. 259)</span> cabin;
+while part of his suite, and we officers, were ranged about, anxiously
+waiting the appearance of the future exile of St Helena.</p>
+
+<p>Napoleon was long of attending to the intimation of the Admiral's; and
+upon Cockburn's becoming impatient, and remarking to old Lord Keith that
+he should be put in mind, Keith replied, "No, no, much greater men than
+either you or I have waited longer for him before now; let him take his
+time, let him take his time." This was nobly said of the fine old
+Scotchman; and although Cockburn and I are blood relations, and I have a
+particular penchant for my lineage, I cannot help remarking that his
+manner denoted a great want of feeling. I suppose he was pitched upon by
+Castlereagh as a proper tool to execute his harsh commands.</p>
+
+<p>At length Napoleon appeared, but oh, how sadly changed from the time we
+had last seen him on deck. Though quite plain, he was scrupulously
+cleanly in his person and dress, but that had been forgot, his clothes
+were ill put on, his beard unshaved, and his countenance pale and
+haggard. There was a want of firmness in his gait; his brow was
+overcast, and his whole visage bespoke the deepest melancholy; and it
+needed but a glance to convince the most careless observer that Napoleon
+considered himself a doomed man. In this trying hour, however, he lost
+not his courtesy or presence of mind; instinctively he raised his hat to
+the guard of marines, when they presented arms as he passed, slightly
+inclined his head, and even <span class="pagenum"><a id="page260" name="page260"></a>(p. 260)</span> smiled to us officers as he passed
+through us, returned the salute of the admirals with calm dignity, and,
+walking up to Captain Maitland, addressed him with great eagerness for
+nearly ten minutes.</p>
+
+<p>How distinct is every feature, every trait, every line of that majestic
+countenance in my mind's eye at this moment, now that two-and-twenty
+years have passed away; but who could witness such a scene and ever
+forget it? The Romans said that a "great man struggling with adversity
+was a sight that the gods looked on with pleasure." Here, indeed, was
+adversity, and here was true greatness struggling against it; but to a
+mere mortal it was a heart-rending sight. The ship's deck looked like a
+place of execution, and we only wanted the headsman, his block, and his
+axe, to complete the scene.</p>
+
+<p>The purport of his speech to Captain Maitland, was thanking <i>him</i>, his
+officers, and ship's company, for the polite attention he had received
+while on board of the Bellerophon, which he should ever hold in kind
+remembrance. Something more he would have said after the first pause,
+and a feeling of deep emotion laboured in his face, and swelled his
+breast, he looked earnestly in Maitland's face for a moment, as if he
+was about to renew his speech, but utterance seemed denied; and,
+slightly moving his hat in salutation, he turned to Savary and
+L'Allemand, who were not allowed to accompany him to St Helena, and
+spoke to them for a few minutes.</p>
+
+<p>What a horrid gloom overhung the ship: had his <span class="pagenum"><a id="page261" name="page261"></a>(p. 261)</span> execution been
+about to take place there could not have prevailed a more dead silence,
+so much so, that had a pin fallen from one of the tops on the deck, I am
+convinced it would have been heard; and to any one who has known the
+general buzz of one of our seventy-fours, even at the quietest hour, it
+is a proof how deeply the attention of every man on board must have been
+riveted. Before leaving the ship he turned to us on the quarter-deck,
+once more waved his hand in token of adieu, took hold of the man-ropes,
+and walked down the side, taking his seat in the Northumberland's barge
+between Lord Keith and Admiral Cockburn.</p>
+
+<p>Even in this hour of hopeless misery, he lost not sight of that
+indescribable charm by which he won the hearts of men. On looking back
+to the ship he saw every head, that could get stuck out of a port,
+gazing after him; even the rough countenances of the men bespoke a
+sympathy for his cruel fate, and, apparently conscious of their
+feelings, the exiled chief again lifted his hat, and inclined his head
+to the gazing ship's company.</p>
+
+
+<h3>THE END.<br>
+
+PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.</h3>
+
+
+<p class="p4"><a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1:</b> They are fully detailed in Marshall's <i>Naval Biography</i>,
+vol. ii. part 1, pp. 387 <i>et seq.</i><a href="#footnotetag1"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2:</b> Admiral Somerville married Mary Stuart, eldest daughter of
+David Maitland Makgill Crichton of Rankeilour, and grand-niece of Sir
+Frederick. I am indebted for the use of this letter to the courtesy of
+his son, Mr D. M. M. Crichton Somerville.<a href="#footnotetag2"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3:</b> Chasse-Mar�es are small decked vessels, rigged as luggers;
+they are generally from twenty to thirty-five tons burthen, and are used
+almost exclusively for the coasting trade of France. Though there is no
+doubt that, during the summer months, a vessel of this description might
+succeed in making the voyage to America; yet if we take into
+consideration the indolent habits that Buonaparte had of late years
+given way to; the very small space for the accommodation of himself and
+suite, and for the stowage of provisions, water, and other necessaries;
+that there was no friendly port he could have touched at, to gain
+supplies;&mdash;the utter impracticability of his reaching his destination in
+a vessel of that description, even if he had eluded the vigilance of our
+cruisers, will at once be evident to every one.<a href="#footnotetag3"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4:</b> I have been induced to insert Buonaparte's observation on
+Mrs M.'s portrait, as well as one he made on seeing her alongside of the
+Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, as they show, in a strong point of view,
+a peculiar trait in his character; that of making a favourable
+impression on those with whom he conversed, by seizing every opportunity
+of saying what he considered would be pleasing and flattering to their
+feelings.</p>
+
+<p>[I have passed over the important and interesting passage respecting Mrs
+M. I trust she will consent it should remain, for I think everything
+connected with such a remarkable passage of history becomes historical.
+Perhaps it will somewhat change the view of the subject, and relieve Mrs
+M.'s delicacy, if we consider it not as immediately applicable to Mrs M.
+personally, but as a point illustrative of Bonaparte's address. It was
+of importance to him to secure Capt. Maitland's good opinion, and he
+took a delicate and ingenious way of giving pleasure. I have always
+understood that there could be only one opinion of the justice of the
+compliment, yet I think the praise would have been bestowed even had the
+portrait less charm. I do pray that Mrs M. will consent to be
+<i>immortal</i>.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag4"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5:</b> They were part of the officers and crew of the �neas
+store-ship, mentioned as having been detained on the 18th of June, who
+were on board the Bellerophon about a week, and were landed at Isle
+d'Aix, in a chasse-mar�e, a few days before Buonaparte's arrival there.<a href="#footnotetag5"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a>
+<b>Footnote 6:</b> I was afterwards told, that one of the frigates, at Isle
+d'Aix, had changed her eighteen pounders for twenty-fours.<a href="#footnotetag6"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a>
+<b>Footnote 7:</b> [It was an odd idea that you should be like Lord
+Lauderdale.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag7"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a>
+<b>Footnote 8:</b> The books that seemed to occupy his attention, when I had
+an opportunity of observing him, were, a Life of Washington, and a
+translation of Ossian's Poems.<a href="#footnotetag8"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote9" name="footnote9"></a>
+<b>Footnote 9:</b> [I cannot assent to your leaving out what Madame Bertrand
+said respecting Bonaparte. But if she spoke favourably of him in her
+calmer moments, I think it might be mentioned in this place so as to
+claim some allowance for her irritated state of feelings. It is,
+by-the-by, precisely at such moments that real opinions start out which
+are at other times carefully suppressed. What she said in her passion
+was very true: B. was not fond of rendering his favourites independent.
+I really think you cannot leave it out: as well omit the threat of
+Savary &amp;c., to kill B.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag9"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote10" name="footnote10"></a>
+<b>Footnote 10:</b> [The business of the Habeas Corpus is so whimsical that
+Capt. M. should get some legal friend to give a brief idea of the nature
+of the process and the purpose for which it was resorted to. The book
+will certainly be instantly translated into French, and such an
+explanation as I have hinted at will be extremely necessary. It should
+be thrown into a note; a few words should be added on the absurdity of
+the attempt. It will be otherwise thought and said that Bonaparte was
+kidnapped out of England contrary to the English laws. The real nature
+of the transaction should be distinctly explained.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>. The following
+note accordingly appears in the original edition:&mdash;]</p>
+
+<p>To prevent erroneous impressions from going abroad, and to put this
+curious circumstance in its true light, I have prevailed on a friend,
+who was educated for the English bar, to favour me with the following
+account of the writs of the Habeas Corpus and subp&oelig;na; by which it
+will appear that no such process, or any other, as far as I can
+understand, could have had the effect of removing Buonaparte from one of
+His Majesty's ships, and causing him to be landed in England in
+opposition to the commands of the Government of the country.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a common mistake to suppose that the celebrated Habeas Corpus Act
+made it a matter of right, for every person, under any restraint
+whatever to obtain this writ. That statute related to persons committed
+by legal process for criminal offences, and the object of it was to
+prevent them being detained an unnecessary or unreasonable length of
+time, without being brought to trial. Other cases of alleged illegal
+detention were left as at common law: in these the granting or refusal
+of the writ is discretionary in the Court, or Judge applied to, and it
+will only be issued on a proper case being laid before them. No such
+writ, it is believed, was ever applied for in Buonaparte's case; nor, if
+applied for, would it have been obtained. Where a foreigner, in private
+life, is brought to England, and detained against his will, the Court
+will grant the writ; but any application of Buonaparte, or on his
+behalf, must have shown him to have surrendered, and to have been then
+detained as a prisoner of war. Under that character, he was not entitled
+to the benefit of this writ; the Courts having refused it on the
+application of individuals brought to England as prisoners of war, even
+when applied for by the subject of a neutral power, who swore to his
+having been compelled by force to serve the enemy, and to have been
+captured in the course of that compulsory service.</p>
+
+<p>"The real transaction alluded to, is understood to have been this: an
+individual being under prosecution for a libel on a naval officer,
+censuring his conduct on the West India station, when a French squadron
+was in those seas, pretended that it would aid his defence to show that
+the French ships were at that time in an unserviceable condition, and
+that Buonaparte would be able to prove the fact. He accordingly obtained
+a subp&oelig;na for him to attend as a witness on the trial in the Court of
+King's Bench, and endeavoured himself, and not by a lawyer, as at first
+supposed, to get on board the Bellerophon to deliver it.</p>
+
+<p>"This transaction probably gave currency to the rumours of a Habeas
+Corpus having been issued, particularly as one description of that writ
+is, the proceeding for bringing a prisoner into Court to give evidence,
+which having given, he is remanded to gaol.</p>
+
+<p>"Had the individual in question succeeded in his attempt to get on board
+the ship, and deliver the subp&oelig;na, it would have been of no
+assistance either to himself or Buonaparte, if it was at all intended to
+benefit the latter, as it would not have been possible for him to obey
+it, there not being any authority for Captain Maitland, who was
+answerable for his safety as a prisoner, allowing him to do so. It was,
+however, considered the most prudent course, by Lord Keith, not to
+permit the delivery of the process, the exact nature of which was at the
+moment unknown, lest it might involve himself or Captain Maitland in any
+difficulty, by an apparent disrespect to the Court, and more
+particularly as it might create erroneous impressions in Buonaparte's
+mind, that a breach of the law was committed in his not being permitted
+to comply with the terms of the document, not aware that it contained no
+power authorising his release from detention as a prisoner of war."<a href="#footnotetag10"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote11" name="footnote11"></a>
+<b>Footnote 11:</b> [I do entreat and conjure that the natural and sailor-like
+speech of Lord Keith be not tampered with. It is really a sin to knock
+the spirit out of a work by such over-delicacy.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag11"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote12" name="footnote12"></a>
+<b>Footnote 12:</b> Since this narrative was written in the year 1815, it has
+been proved by Buonaparte's will, that either his attendants were
+misinformed, or that they, as well as himself, misrepresented the state
+of his finances, as he left in the hands of Lafitte, the banker, in
+Paris, a sum of money amounting to nearly four hundred thousand pounds
+sterling, besides a very considerable sum said to be vested in the
+American funds.<a href="#footnotetag12"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote13" name="footnote13"></a>
+<b>Footnote 13:</b> [I think the handsome and gentlemanlike account of Madame
+Bertrand is a complete <i>amende honorable</i> for anything said of her in
+the course of the journal, and forms a complete refutation to the
+objections made in the sense of delicacy towards that lady for
+mentioning some part of the conversation when in warmer moments. If you
+were to mention your having afterwards met her in France, I think it
+would be interesting.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag13"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote14" name="footnote14"></a>
+<b>Footnote 14:</b> [Lallemand, if I recollect right, had begun the
+counter-revolution in Bonaparte's favour in the north-east of France,
+and anticipated the moment of success, so that his scheme had failed. I
+have some reason to think (being at Paris at the time and much with
+those who knew something of what was going on) that he would have been
+condemned to death along with Ney had he fallen into the hands of the
+restored Government. His person should be described.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scott</span>.]<a href="#footnotetag14"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+<p><a id="footnote15" name="footnote15"></a>
+<b>Footnote 15:</b> "Our new first lieutenant, Mr Andrew Mott, was the best
+officer I ever saw in charge of a quarter-deck. I often wondered when
+that man slept, eat, or dressed himself, for he was hardly ever missed
+from deck, was always fresh and vigorous, and his dress and appearance
+would, at any time, have done honour to the queen's drawing-room.
+Maitland was, withal, rather a little easy-going, and it occurred to me
+that, knowing his defect in this way, he contrived always to get a
+tolerable tartar of a first lieutenant, so that between the captain's
+good nature and the lieutenant's severity, which he occasionally checked
+and tempered when he thought the lieutenant was likely to exceed bounds,
+the ship was kept in capital discipline."&mdash;Home's <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 209.<a href="#footnotetag15"><span class="smaller">[Back to Main Text]</span></a></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
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+</pre>
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,6521 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Surrender of Napoleon
+       Being the narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte, and
+       of his residence on board H.M.S. Bellerophon, with a detail
+       of the principal events that occurred in that ship between
+       the 24th of May and the 8th of August 1815
+
+Author: Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+Editor: William Kirk Dickson
+
+Release Date: May 23, 2009 [EBook #28934]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by StevenGibbs, Christine P. Travers and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+
+  SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON
+
+
+  BEING THE
+
+  NARRATIVE OF THE SURRENDER OF BUONAPARTE, AND
+  OF HIS RESIDENCE ON BOARD H.M.S. BELLEROPHON,
+  WITH A DETAIL OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS THAT
+  OCCURRED IN THAT SHIP BETWEEN THE 24th OF MAY
+  AND THE 8th OF AUGUST 1815
+
+
+  BY
+
+  REAR-ADMIRAL SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND, K.C.B.
+
+
+
+
+  _A NEW EDITION EDITED, WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY_
+  WILLIAM KIRK DICKSON
+
+  WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS
+  EDINBURGH AND LONDON
+  MCMIV
+
+  _All Rights reserved_
+
+
+
+
+NOTE.
+
+
+After Sir Frederick Maitland's death in 1839 his papers passed into
+the hands of Lady Maitland, who liferented his property of Lindores in
+Fife until her death in 1865. They then passed with the property to
+Sir Frederick's nephew, Captain James Maitland, R.N., and on his death
+to his brother, Rear-Admiral Lewis Maitland, my father, from whom they
+came to me.
+
+The preparation of the present volume has been undertaken by Mr.
+Dickson at my request.
+
+                                             FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+LINDORES, _December 9, 1903_.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+"You are publishing a great and interesting national document.... The
+whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as ever was
+given of so interesting a transaction." So wrote Sir Walter Scott to
+Captain Maitland after reading the manuscript of his _Narrative of the
+Surrender of Buonaparte_. It is undoubtedly a historical document of
+the first importance, not only as a record of "words by an eyewitness"
+of an ever-memorable event, but as a vindication of the good faith of
+the British Government in its conduct towards Napoleon.
+
+In his Preface to the original edition, published by Henry Colburn in
+1826, Sir Frederick Maitland wrote:--
+
+"Immediately after the extraordinary and interesting events took place
+which are here recorded, I was, by the earnest solicitations of my
+friends, induced to throw together the notes and memoranda in my
+possession, of the proceedings in which I bore so prominent a part. I
+was further led to undertake this task, so foreign to my usual
+occupations, in consequence of the many misrepresentations that
+appeared at that time, respecting the conduct of Buonaparte while on
+board the ship I commanded, as well as my treatment of him.
+
+"The following Narrative was then written solely for the private
+perusal of my friends, and not with a view to publication, many
+reasons combining, at that time, in my opinion, to render such a
+measure inexpedient.
+
+"I made it my study to state events exactly as they occurred, and, in
+doing so, to avoid, as much as possible, all prejudice, either
+against or in favour of the extraordinary man whom it was my fortune
+to secure and bring to this country. It may appear surprising that a
+possibility could exist of a British officer being prejudiced in
+favour of one who had caused so many calamities to his country; but to
+such an extent did he possess the power of pleasing, that there are
+few people who could have sat at the same table with him for nearly a
+month, as I did, without feeling a sensation of pity, allied perhaps
+to regret, that a man possessed of so many fascinating qualities, and
+who had held so high a station in life, should be reduced to the
+situation in which I saw him.
+
+"Although many of the causes for withholding my Narrative from the
+public eye have long been removed, I had no intention of bringing it
+forward, until by accident it fell into the hands of a most celebrated
+literary character [Sir Walter Scott]. He did me the honour, on
+returning it, to express an opinion which I was not at all prepared to
+expect, and so strongly to recommend its being published, that however
+averse to appearing as an author, I have been induced, under the
+sanction of such high authority, to present it to the public."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The text and notes of the edition of 1826 have been reprinted
+verbatim.
+
+Sir Walter Scott's notes on the MS. of the Narrative are among the
+papers at Lindores. They consist chiefly of verbal criticisms on Sir
+Frederick's original rough draft. Unfortunately it is no longer in
+existence, and most of Sir Walter's notes cannot be followed without
+it. A few of his comments are printed as footnotes, in square
+brackets, and a portion of his MS. is reproduced in facsimile at page
+230.
+
+A sketch of Sir Frederick's life, chiefly based on the journals at
+Lindores, has been prefixed to the Narrative.
+
+The Appendix of the original edition has been printed, with an
+additional Appendix, consisting of (1) a list of the officers serving
+on board the _Bellerophon_ in July 1815, supplied by the courtesy of
+the Secretary to the Admiralty; (2) an unpublished letter from one of
+the assistant-surgeons of the _Bellerophon_, giving an account of
+Napoleon's surrender, recently acquired by the British Museum; and (3)
+several extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+the Bellerophon_. This extraordinary book, published in 1838, was
+written by George Home, son of Lieutenant A. Home, R.N., who on the
+death of the last Earl of Marchmont claimed the Marchmont peerage. It
+contained violent attacks on various persons connected with the family
+of Home of Wedderburn, and in particular on Admiral Sir David Milne of
+Milne-Graden and Lady Milne. An action was raised against the author
+and publishers, and damages were awarded against the former. The book
+was withdrawn from circulation, and is now extremely scarce. Home
+served as a midshipman on board the _Bellerophon_, and his
+"hair-brained narrative," as he calls it, adds some interesting
+details to his captain's record.
+
+The frontispiece is from a portrait of Sir Frederick, painted by
+Samuel Woodford, R.A., and engraved by Henry Meyer. The original is
+now at Lindores.
+
+The portrait of Lady Maitland at page lxviii is from a miniature at
+Lindores. This is the miniature which hung in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, and which was seen and commented on by Napoleon.
+
+The chart at page 1 is a slightly reduced copy of that in the original
+edition.
+
+The portrait of Napoleon at page 68 is from a sketch made on board the
+_Bellerophon_ by Colonel Planat, _officier d'ordonnance_ to the
+Emperor, and given by him to Captain Maitland.
+
+Mr Orchardson's well-known picture is reproduced at page 108, by
+permission of the Fine Art Company. It contains portraits of most of
+the chief personages of the story.
+
+The picture of the _Bellerophon_ at Plymouth at page 132 is
+reproduced, by permission of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty,
+from the original by J. J. Chalon, R.A., now in the Painted Hall at
+Greenwich.
+
+As is mentioned at page 202 of the Narrative, Napoleon desired to
+present Captain Maitland with a box containing his portrait set in
+diamonds. On Maitland's declining, in the circumstances, to accept any
+present of value, the Emperor begged him to keep as a souvenir a
+tumbler from his travelling case, bearing the crown and cipher of the
+Empress Josephine. This relic is still preserved at Lindores. A
+photograph of it is given at page 202.
+
+                                                              W. K. D.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+  MEMOIR OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                                 xxv
+
+NARRATIVE.
+
+  [_The summary of the contents of the Narrative given here is
+  that prefixed to the original edition. Sir Walter Scott's
+  notes are printed at pp. 70, 84, 155, 165, 208, 223, 225, and
+  229._]
+
+  Captain Maitland sets sail in the _Bellerophon_, with sealed
+  instructions                                                       1
+
+  He arrives off l'Isle Dieu. Proceeds off Rochefort                 2
+
+  Reconnoitres the French ships of war under l'Isle d'Aix            3
+
+  Is joined by the _Cephalus_                                        4
+
+  Captain Maitland hears of the victory of Waterloo. On June 30
+  receives a communication, sent from Bourdeaux within a quill,
+  respecting the probable flight of Buonaparte by sea             4, 5
+
+  Blockades Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and la Teste d'Arcasson            8
+
+  Destroys his prizes                                                9
+
+  A man and boy in a flat punt saved                                10
+
+  Captain Maitland watches the frigates at l'Isle d'Aix closely     11
+
+  Receives Sir Henry Hotham's instructions              12, 13, 14, 16
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Savary and Las Cases with a flag
+  of truce, approaches the _Bellerophon_                            21
+
+  Secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham                       21, 22, 24
+
+  Letter of Count Bertrand, announcing Napoleon's intention of
+  sailing to North America                                          26
+
+  The captain's answer to Bertrand                                  29
+
+  Conversation with Savary and Las Cases                            31
+
+  Receives private information by a row-boat                        35
+
+  Captain Maitland guards the Mamusson passage                      36
+
+  The white flag is hoisted at Rochelle                         37, 38
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ fires a royal salute                            37
+
+  The French frigates appear ready to put to sea                    38
+
+  English guard-boats continue to row near the frigates             38
+
+  British flag of truce, its colour                                 39
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Las Cases and General Lallemand,
+  returns to the _Bellerophon_                                  39, 40
+
+  Communication delivered from Napoleon                             42
+
+  Captain Maitland's reply                                          42
+
+  Buonaparte stated to be at Rochefort, but is at l'Isle d'Aix      44
+
+  Design for effecting the escape of Buonaparte in a cask on
+  board of a Danish vessel                                          45
+
+  Las Cases, with General Gourgaud, returns to the _Bellerophon_    46
+
+  They bring an important letter from Bertrand                      47
+
+  List of Napoleon's suite                                          51
+
+  The Emperor's letter to H.R.H. the Prince Regent                  54
+
+  Captain Maitland promises to receive Buonaparte                   56
+
+  Captain Sartorius is despatched to England, with a letter from
+  Captain Maitland, and with General Gourgaud                       58
+
+  Advice of Buonaparte's wish to escape repeatedly given            62
+
+  July 15, Napoleon reaches the _Bellerophon_, in the barge of
+  that ship. He comes on board. His uniform described           67, 68
+
+  Napoleon cheered by the crew of _l'Epervier_                      69
+
+  His address to Captain Maitland                                   69
+
+  The ship's officers are introduced to him                         71
+
+  His small knowledge of English                                    72
+
+  He examines the _Bellerophon_                                     72
+
+  Conversations between Napoleon and Captain Maitland
+                                           73, 74, 75, 76, 90, 95, 106
+
+  Buonaparte's naval opinions                               73, 74, 77
+
+  Breakfast on board the _Bellerophon_                              78
+
+  Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham arrives off Rochefort. His
+  conference with Captain Maitland                              79, 80
+
+  The Admiral comes on board the _Bellerophon_                      81
+
+  Conversation at dinner                                            83
+
+  Buonaparte's portable library and camp bed                    82, 84
+
+  He breakfasts on board the Admiral's ship                     85, 91
+
+  Attachment for him evinced by the officers of his suite      92, 228
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ sets sail for Torbay                        93, 96
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of Sir Sydney Smith                             96
+
+  The passage to England described                        98, 105, 107
+
+  Card-parties                                                      99
+
+  The captain's despatch to Lord Keith                             100
+
+  His conversation with Countess Bertrand relative to a portrait
+  of Napoleon                                                      103
+
+  Speaks with the _Swiftsure_, Captain Webley                      104
+
+  Count Las Cases                                                  107
+
+  English coast in sight                                           107
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ anchors in Torbay                              108
+
+  Buonaparte's exclamation on viewing the shore                    108
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith's orders                                      109
+
+  English newspapers read by Napoleon                              112
+
+  Observations of Madame Bertrand                             114, 120
+
+  Persons refused admission on board the _Bellerophon_             115
+
+  Lord Keith's approval of Captain Maitland's line of conduct 116, 117
+
+  Concourse of spectators in boats                            115, 118
+
+  Remarks of Buonaparte respecting the fishermen                   119
+
+  The ships sail for Plymouth                                      119
+
+  Observations on the breakwater                                   121
+
+  Communications of civility interchanged between Buonaparte and
+  Lord Keith                                                  117, 122
+
+  Lord Keith's precautions                                    123, 125
+
+  Buonaparte complains of the guard-ships                          127
+
+  The Lords of the Admiralty approve of Captain Maitland's
+  proceedings                                                      128
+
+  Napoleon's letter to the Regent is forwarded                     129
+
+  He is considered as a general officer                            130
+
+  Orders received from the Admiralty                               130
+
+  Sir Richard and Lady Strachan come alongside the ship            131
+
+  Napoleon's compliment on seeing Mrs Maitland                     132
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith is introduced to Napoleon                     134
+
+  Repugnance of the prisoners to their banishment to St Helena
+                                                              129, 134
+
+  Crowd of boats round the ship                                    135
+
+  Buonaparte's habits on board ship                                136
+
+  Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand fear proscription      137, 140, 142
+
+  Buonaparte informed that he was to be sent to St Helena          139
+
+  Sir Henry Bunbury visits him                                     140
+
+  He complains bitterly                                            141
+
+  He writes again to the Regent                                    142
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter favourable to Savary and Lallemand
+                                                              145, 152
+
+  Buonaparte shows himself on deck                                 147
+
+  Countess Bertrand much agitated at the thoughts of her husband
+  going to St Helena                                               149
+
+  Lallemand is reproved by Captain Maitland                        150
+
+  Buonaparte's assertion that "he would not go to St Helena"
+                                                         148, 151, 164
+
+  Extravagant conversation of the attendant generals               151
+
+  Mr O'Meara                                                       153
+
+  Countess Bertrand attempts to cast herself into the sea          153
+
+  Her retrospect of Buonaparte's conduct                      154, 156
+
+  Her impatience. She writes to Lord Keith                         155
+
+  She is overheard by the generals                                 157
+
+  Buonaparte's inquiries as to St Helena                           158
+
+  Report of an attempt to escape                                   159
+
+  Rumour of an intention of serving a Habeas Corpus to bring
+  Buonaparte ashore                                                162
+
+  Ship prepared for sea                                            162
+
+  The _Northumberland_ ordered to convey Buonaparte                162
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ weighs anchor                                  164
+
+  Service of a subpoena on Buonaparte frustrated by keeping the
+  lawyer at bay                                                    165
+
+  Note respecting writs of Habeas Corpus and subpoenas             165
+
+  Buonaparte again writes to the Regent                            168
+
+  He keeps entirely to the cabin; prepares a protest               169
+
+  Buonaparte's protest                                             170
+
+  He declares himself to be the guest of England, and no
+  prisoner                                                         171
+
+  Captain Maitland's observations thereon                          174
+
+  Conversation on this subject with Count Las Cases                176
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of the Army of the Loire, and of his party     178
+
+  Mr O'Meara requested by Buonaparte to become his surgeon         179
+
+  The _Northumberland_ in sight                                    180
+
+  Arms required to be delivered up                                 181
+
+  Lists of articles essential for the Trench officers and ladies
+  forwarded to Plymouth                                            182
+
+  Sir George Cockburn is introduced to Buonaparte                  182
+
+  Buonaparte permitted to wear his sword                           183
+
+  He requests an interview with Captain Maitland                   183
+
+  He expresses his wish of living on a small estate in England     185
+
+  He speaks in favour of Savary and Lallemand                      185
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter to Count Bertrand                      186
+
+  Lord Keith's order to the captain to deliver up General
+  Buonaparte and others                                            187
+
+  General Gourgaud                                                 190
+
+  Countess Bertrand's remonstrances                                192
+
+  A misunderstanding and reconciliation                            193
+
+  Napoleon returns thanks to Captain Maitland                      194
+
+  He speaks with regard of Count Bertrand                          195
+
+  Search of the baggage                                            196
+
+  The box of money temporarily taken charge of                     197
+
+  Parting of Buonaparte with the captain                           200
+
+  Buonaparte, accompanying Admiral Lord Keith, quits the
+  _Bellerophon_                                                    200
+
+  Count Montholon's polite intimation to Captain Maitland          201
+
+  The captain declines the present of a portrait                   202
+
+  Savary and Lallemand; their affecting parting with Napoleon in
+  the presence of Captain Maitland                                 203
+
+  The _Northumberland_ sails for St Helena                         204
+
+  Description of Napoleon Buonaparte                               205
+
+  His manners and conversation                                     206
+
+  Anecdotes                                         207, 210, 215, 216
+
+  He speaks of his wife and his son                                211
+
+  Their pictures                                              211, 212
+
+  Conversation respecting Kleber and Dessaix                       213
+
+  Napoleon's resources in money                                    214
+
+  The midshipmen act plays                                         217
+
+  Buonaparte's observations on the British cavalry, and relative
+  to the Duke of Wellington                                   218, 219
+
+  Character of Count Bertrand                                      222
+
+  Countess Bertrand, a daughter of General Dillon                  222
+
+  Savary, Duke of Rovigo, described                                224
+
+  Savary, Lallemand, and Planat are sent to Malta, and allowed
+  to go to Smyrna                                                  225
+
+  Character of Lallemand                                           225
+
+  Count and Countess Montholon                                     226
+
+  Count Las Cases and his son                                      227
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+  On what terms Captain Maitland received Buonaparte on board
+  his ship; and documents relating thereto                         231
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+  1. List of officers borne on the books of H.M.S. _Bellerophon_
+  in July 1815                                                     241
+
+  2. Letter from Ephraim Graebke, assistant-surgeon on board the
+  _Bellerophon_, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's
+  surrender, dated July 30, 1815                                   242
+
+  3. Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+  the Bellerophon_ [George Home]                                   246
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+  PORTRAIT OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                    _Frontispiece_
+  From an engraving by Henry Meyer, after Samuel Woodford, R.A.
+
+  PORTRAIT OF LADY MAITLAND                             _At p._ lxviii
+  From a miniature at Lindores.
+
+  CHART OF THE BASQUE ROADS                               "          1
+
+  PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON                                    "         68
+  From a sketch taken on board the _Bellerophon_ by Colonel
+  Planat.
+
+  NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE BELLEROPHON                       "        108
+  From the picture by W. Q. Orchardson, R.A., in the Tate
+  Gallery.
+
+  H.M.S. BELLEROPHON AT PLYMOUTH                          "        132
+  From the picture by J. J. Chalon, R.A., in the Painted Hall at
+  Greenwich.
+
+  TUMBLER GIVEN TO CAPTAIN MAITLAND BY NAPOLEON           "        202
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+  FACSIMILE OF PART OF SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOTES ON THE
+  "NARRATIVE"                                             "        230
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+
+The name of Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland has found a permanent place
+in history as that of the captor of Napoleon. Apart from the rare
+piece of good fortune which befell him in the Basque Roads in July
+1815, his distinguished career of public service entitles him to an
+honourable place in the records of the British Navy.
+
+He was the third son of Captain the Hon. Frederick Lewis Maitland,
+R.N., and was born at Rankeilour in Fife on September 7, 1777. His
+father, Captain Maitland, was the sixth son of Charles, sixth Earl of
+Lauderdale, grand-nephew of Charles II.'s famous minister, and was
+godson to Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of George
+II. He held various naval commands with distinction, served under
+Rodney in 1782, and between 1763 and 1775 commanded the royal yacht.
+He died in 1786, having been promoted rear-admiral just before his
+death. Maitland's mother, Margaret Dick, was the heiress of the family
+of Makgill of Rankeilour. The estates of that family were ultimately
+inherited by her eldest son, Charles Maitland.
+
+Young Maitland entered his father's profession at a very early age. He
+served as a midshipman, first under Captain George Duff in the
+_Martin_ sloop-of-war, and afterwards with the Hon. Robert Forbes in
+the _Southampton_ frigate, in which he was present at Lord Howe's
+great victory off Ushant on June 1, 1794,--the "glorious First of
+June." On April 5, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant,
+and appointed to the _Andromeda_, of 32 guns. From the _Andromeda_ he
+was removed to the _Venerable_, the flagship of Admiral Duncan in the
+North Sea. In April 1797 he went out to the Mediterranean to join Lord
+St Vincent.
+
+St Vincent had been a friend of his father's, and had promised to
+promote him as opportunity should occur. The flagship had her full
+complement of officers, so Maitland was appointed first lieutenant of
+the _Kingfisher_, a brig mounting 18 six-pounders and commanded by the
+Hon. Charles Herbert Pierrepont, afterwards Earl Manvers. In her he
+was present at the capture of four French privateers. With one of
+these, the _Betsey_, of 16 guns, a severe action was fought. When the
+prize-money for her capture was distributed, the crew of the
+_Kingfisher_ subscribed L50 to present Maitland with a sword in
+recognition of his conduct.
+
+Pierrepont was promoted to post rank in December 1798, and appointed
+to the _Spartiate_, one of Nelson's prizes taken at the Nile. A few
+days after his departure the _Kingfisher_, under Maitland's command,
+was leaving the Tagus, when she grounded on Lisbon bar and became a
+total wreck. Maitland was tried by court-martial at Gibraltar, and
+acquitted of all blame in connection with her loss. Immediately after
+his trial he was appointed flag-lieutenant to Lord St Vincent.
+
+On June 23, 1799, the French and Spanish fleets effected a junction
+at Cartagena, and in the following month they retired from the
+Mediterranean and took refuge in Brest. They passed the Straits of
+Gibraltar on July 7, when Maitland had an adventure which is described
+in Tucker's _Memoirs of Earl St Vincent_.
+
+"It is," he says, "an as yet untold anecdote of the presence of mind
+and courage of one of the highest-minded characters that ever adorned
+the British Navy, the late Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland.
+
+"At this period that gallant officer was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant; and when the fleets were first descried, Johnny
+Gilpin, as his lordship used to call him, was sent to order the
+_Penelope_, a little hired cutter, to go, count, and dodge them. The
+lieutenant commanding the cutter was found too ill to utter an order.
+But Mr Maitland, well knowing his Chief, and that this was service
+which must be done, at once assumed the command, and got the vessel
+under weigh. He stood over to Ceuta. The night was so pitchy dark and
+so calm that the cutter was unperceived by the enemy, and yet so close
+among them that the words of command in French and Spanish could be
+distinctly heard. At daybreak she was about gunshot distance from the
+whole Spanish fleet. When they saw her their admiral signalled a
+number of launches to tow a brig of 14 guns to attack her, but on
+their arrival within shot from the little _Penelope_, the reception
+she astonished them with was so spirited that the enemy dropped astern
+again and retired; and a faint hope of escape appeared, for, there
+being no wind, the cutter's boats were kept ahead all the forenoon,
+towing to the southward. Then every ship in that mighty fleet, except
+one frigate, actually turned their heads to the southward to give
+chase to the cutter. But the frigate stood to the northward, and as
+the afternoon's westerly breeze got up, it brought her down under
+studding-sails near the _Penelope_, before the air had reached her.
+When she was within cable's length, the frigate opened her broadside
+fire. Mr Maitland told the cutter's crew to lie down upon the deck
+till the frigate had discharged all her guns. The men lay down very
+smartly; but when ordered to rise, splice the top-sail braces, and get
+the vessel's head about, not a man of them would stir. 'Fighting,'
+they said, 'was not their employ; they were not hired for it, and,
+should they lose a limb, there was no provision for them;' and thus
+the frigate now renewing her fire, the little _Penelope_ was taken.
+
+"To the honour of the Spanish admiral it must be added, that, having
+witnessed this bravery and heard that it was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant that had displayed it, he sent Mr Maitland in a cartel
+to Gibraltar, declaring him free without exchange."
+
+Tucker, who wrote in 1844, was not quite correct in saying that the
+anecdote was "as yet untold." It had been given long before in
+Marshall's _Naval Biography_. Marshall mentions, among other details,
+that "the _Penelope_ had on board a sum of money intended for Minorca,
+which it was not deemed advisable to remove, under the pressing
+urgency for her immediate departure from Gibraltar. When her crew
+found there was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they
+made an attempt to plunder the treasure, which Lieutenant Maitland
+most honourably and successfully resisted, alleging that as public
+property it was the lawful prize of the captors."
+
+Lord St Vincent returned to England in August 1799, accompanied by
+Maitland. On reaching Portsmouth he heard of an explosion of shells
+which had taken place in May on board the _Theseus_, 74, resulting in
+the death of her commander, Captain Ralph Willet Miller. A vacancy had
+thus occurred in the Mediterranean before the admiral quitted that
+station. He used his privilege as commander-in-chief and promoted
+Maitland to the rank of commander in the _Cameleon_ sloop-of-war, the
+promotion to date from June 14. Maitland at once went out to join his
+new ship, which was then on the coast of Egypt under Sir Sidney Smith.
+After the signing of the convention of El Arish he was sent home with
+despatches. He returned and regained his ship, in which he made
+several captures.
+
+On December 10, 1800, he was appointed by Lord Keith to the
+_Wassenaar_, 64. As she was then lying at Malta unfit for service, he
+obtained permission to accompany Sir Ralph Abercromby's expedition to
+Egypt.
+
+The fleet anchored in Aboukir Bay on the 2nd of March 1801. On the
+8th, Abercromby effected a landing in face of a large and strongly
+posted French force. To Maitland fell the duty of commanding the armed
+launches employed to cover the landing. The enemy were driven from
+their positions, and retired towards Alexandria with the loss of seven
+guns. Abercromby at once followed them up, and advanced on the neck of
+sand lying between the sea and the Lake of Aboukir, leaving a distance
+of about four miles between the English and French camps. On the 13th
+he again attacked the French, and forced them back upon their lines
+before Alexandria. The right flank of the British force rested on the
+sea, the left on the Lake of Aboukir, and the flanks were covered by a
+naval flotilla, the boats on the sea being under Maitland's command,
+and those on the lake under that of Captain James Hillyar. Seven days
+later Sir Sidney Smith, who commanded the naval battalion serving on
+shore, received from a friendly Arab sheikh a letter informing him
+that it was General Menou's intention to attack the British camp next
+morning. The news was thought too good to be true, as in a few days
+Abercromby would have been compelled to attack the lines of Alexandria
+under every tactical disadvantage. It was, however, confirmed, and on
+the 21st of March the battle of Alexandria was fought, the fate of
+Egypt was decided, and Abercromby received his death-wound. Maitland
+again covered the British right flank from the sea. In the detailed
+plan of the battle given in Sir Robert Wilson's _History of the
+British Expedition to Egypt_, Maitland's flotilla is shown a little to
+the west of the ruins of Nicopolis, in a position to enfilade the
+French attack. For his services on the 8th, 13th, and 21st Maitland
+received the thanks of the naval and military commanders-in-chief, and
+on March 22, the day after the battle, Sir Sidney Smith wrote to Lord
+Keith warmly commending Maitland's conduct.
+
+Maitland's post commission was confirmed by the Admiralty on the day
+of the battle of Alexandria. In the ensuing month he was appointed to
+the _Dragon_, 74, and shortly afterwards to the _Carrere_, a French
+40-gun frigate taken near Elba. He remained in command of her in the
+Mediterranean till the Peace of Amiens.
+
+The _Carrere_ was paid off on October 4, 1802. Eleven days afterwards
+Maitland was appointed by Lord St Vincent to the _Loire_, a fine
+46-gun frigate. War broke out again on May 18, 1803, and the _Loire_
+started on a brilliant career of captures,[1] which included the
+10-gun brig _Venteux_, cut out from under the Isle of Bas by two of
+the _Loire's_ boats, the _Braave_ privateer, and the 30-gun frigate
+_Blonde_, captured in August 1804 after a pursuit of twenty hours and
+a desperate running fight.
+
+         [Footnote 1: They are fully detailed in Marshall's _Naval
+         Biography_, vol. ii. part 1, pp. 387 _et seq._]
+
+An official letter written by Maitland in June 1805, gives us a vivid
+glimpse of frigate service in the old days:--
+
+
+_Captain Maitland to Rear-Admiral Drury, Cork._
+
+                                             LOIRE, MUROS ROAD, SPAIN,
+                                                  _June 4, 1805._
+
+SIR,--Being informed that there was a French privateer of 26 guns
+fitting out at Muros, and nearly ready for sea, it struck me, from my
+recollection of the bay (having been in it formerly, when lieutenant
+of the _Kingfisher_), as being practicable either to bring her out or
+destroy her with the ship I have the honour to command. I accordingly
+prepared yesterday evening for engaging at anchor, and appointed Mr
+Yeo, with Lieutenants Mallock and Douglas, of the marines, and Mr
+Clinch, master's-mate, to head the boarders and marines, amounting,
+officers included, to 50 men (being all that could be spared from
+anchoring the ship and working the guns), in landing and storming the
+fort, though I then had no idea its strength was so great as it has
+proved. At nine this morning, on the sea-breeze setting in, I stood
+for the bay in the ship, the men previously prepared, being in the
+boats ready to shove off. On hauling close round the point of the
+road, a small battery of 2 guns opened a fire on the ship; a few shot
+were returned; but perceiving it would annoy us considerably, from its
+situation, I desired Mr Yeo to push on shore and spike the guns;
+reminding the men of its being the anniversary of their Sovereign's
+birth, and that, for his sake, as well as their own credit, their
+utmost exertions must be used. Though such an injunction was
+unnecessary, it had a great effect in animating and raising the
+spirits of the people. As the ship drew in, and more fully opened the
+bay, I perceived a very long corvette, of 26 ports, apparently nearly
+ready for sea, and a large brig of 20 ports, in a state of fitting;
+but neither of them firing, led me to conclude they had not their guns
+on board, and left no other object to occupy my attention but a heavy
+fort, which at this moment opened to our view, within less than a
+quarter of a mile, and began a wonderfully well-directed fire, almost
+every shot taking place in the hull. Perceiving that, by standing
+further on, more guns would be brought to bear upon us, without our
+being enabled to near the fort so much as I wished, I ordered the helm
+to be put down; and when, from the way she had, we had gained an
+advantageous position, anchored with a spring, and commenced firing.
+Although I have but little doubt that, before long, we should have
+silenced the fort, yet, from the specimen they gave us, and being
+completely embrasured, it must have cost us many lives, and caused
+great injury to the ship, had not Mr Yeo's gallantry and good conduct
+soon put an end to their fire.
+
+I must now revert to him and the party under his command. Having
+landed under the small battery on the point, it was instantly
+abandoned; but hardly had he time to spike the guns, when, at the
+distance of a quarter of a mile, he perceived a regular fort, ditched,
+and with a gate, which the enemy (fortunately never suspecting our
+landing) had neglected to secure, open a fire upon the ship. Without
+waiting for orders he pushed forward, and was opposed at the inner
+gate by the Governor, with such troops as were in the town, and the
+crews of the French privateers. From the testimony of the prisoners as
+well as our own men, it appears that Mr Yeo was the first who entered
+the fort, with one blow laid the Governor dead at his feet, and broke
+his own sabre in two. The other officers were despatched by such
+officers and men of ours as were most advanced, and the narrowness of
+the gate would permit to push forward. The remainder instantly fled
+to the further end of the fort, and from the ship we could perceive
+many of them leap from the embrasures upon the rocks, a height of
+above 25 feet. Such as laid down their arms received quarter....
+
+The instant the Union was displayed at the fort, I sent and took
+possession of the enemies' vessels in the Road, consisting of the
+_Confiance_, French ship privateer, pierced for 26 twelves and nines,
+none of which, however, were on board; the _Belier_, French privateer
+brig, pierced for 20 eighteen-pounder carronades; and a Spanish
+merchant brig in ballast. I then hoisted a flag of truce, and sent to
+inform the inhabitants of the town, that if they would deliver up such
+stores of the ship as were on shore, there would be no further
+molestation. The proposal was thankfully agreed to. I did not,
+however, think it advisable to allow the people to remain long enough
+to embark the guns, there being a large body of troops in the
+vicinity. A great many small vessels are in the bay, and hauled up on
+the beach. None of them having cargoes of any value, I conceive it an
+act of inhumanity to deprive the poorer inhabitants of the means of
+gaining their livelihood, and shall not molest them. On inspecting the
+brig, as she had only the lower rigging overhead, and was not in a
+state of forwardness, I found it impracticable to bring her away, and
+therefore set fire to her: she is now burnt to the water's edge. I
+cannot conclude my letter without giving the portion of credit that is
+their due to the officers and men on board the ship. They conducted
+themselves with the greatest steadiness and coolness; and although
+under a heavy fire, pointed their guns with the utmost precision,
+there being hardly a shot that did not take effect.... It is but fair
+at the same time to state that, much to the credit of the ship's
+company, the Bishop and one of the principal inhabitants of the town
+came off to express their gratitude for the orderly behaviour of the
+people, there not being one instance of pillage; and to make offer of
+every refreshment the place affords.
+
+I am now waiting for the land breeze to carry us out, having already
+recalled the officers and men from the fort, the guns being spiked
+and thrown over the parapet, the carriages rendered unserviceable, and
+the embrasures, with part of the fort, blown up.
+
+I have the honour to be, &c.,
+
+                                                    FRED. L. MAITLAND.
+
+
+On June 27, 1805, the Common Council of the City of London voted him
+their thanks for his distinguished conduct in Muros Bay. The Committee
+of the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's presented him with a sword, and on
+October 18 he received the freedom of the city of Cork in recognition
+of his exertions for the protection of Irish trade.
+
+In the following winter the _Loire_ had a narrow escape. Marshall thus
+describes the incident:--
+
+"On the 13th Dec. 1805, the _Loire_, accompanied by the _Alcmene_
+frigate, fell in with the Rochefort squadron, consisting of six sail
+of the line, three frigates, and three corvettes. Maitland immediately
+sent the _Alcmene_ to the fleet off Brest, himself keeping company
+with the Frenchmen. Being to leeward, and desirous of obtaining the
+weather-gage, as the safest situation for his own ship, he carried a
+heavy press of sail, and in the night of the 14th, having stretched
+on, as he thought, sufficiently for that purpose, put the _Loire_ on
+the same tack as they were. About two A.M., it being then exceedingly
+dark, he found himself so near one of the largest ships as to hear the
+officer of the watch giving his orders. As the noise of putting about
+would have discovered the _Loire's_ situation, Captain Maitland very
+prudently abstained from doing so, until, by slacking the lee braces
+and luffing his ship to the wind, the enemy had drawn sufficiently
+ahead. At daylight he had the satisfaction to observe them four or
+five miles to leeward; and although he was chased both on that and the
+following day by a detachment from the enemy's squadron, he returned
+each evening and took his station on the French admiral's
+weather-beam, sufficiently near to keep sight of them till the
+morning. During the night between the 16th and 17th, several large
+ships were seen to windward running down, and which, on perceiving the
+_Loire_ and those to leeward of her, made such signals as proved them
+also to be enemies. Captain Maitland had now no alternative but to
+make sail in order to get from between those two squadrons, the latter
+of which afterwards proved to be from Brest."
+
+On November 28, 1806, Maitland was appointed to the _Emerald_, a
+36-gun frigate. During the whole of her commission he cruised with
+ceaseless activity and made a very great number of captures. He was
+present with Lord Gambier's fleet outside Aix Roads in April 1809,
+when Cochrane made his famous fire-ship attack on the French fleet.
+The _Emerald_ was one of the few ships which, on the 12th, were sent
+by Gambier, much against his will, to support Cochrane in the
+_Imperieuse_. One can well imagine that her gallant commander shared
+Cochrane's indignation at seeing so daring an enterprise shorn of its
+fruits by the weakness and irresolution of their chief.
+
+Maitland's next appointment, dated June 3, 1813, was to the _Goliath_,
+a cut-down 74. He commanded her for twelve months on the Halifax and
+West India stations. Having been found seriously defective, she was
+paid off at Chatham in October 1814. In the following month Maitland
+was appointed to the _Boyne_, then fitting at Portsmouth for the flag
+of Sir Alexander Cochrane, commander-in-chief on the coast of America.
+
+In January 1815 he was at Cork, and had collected a large fleet of
+transports and merchant vessels bound for America. The fleet was ready
+to sail, but was detained at Cove by a succession of strong westerly
+winds. Before the wind changed the news came that Napoleon had escaped
+from Elba.
+
+Maitland's orders were at once countermanded, and he was removed to
+the ship with which his name will always be associated, the
+_Bellerophon_, 74. This famous old ship had fought on the First of
+June, at the Nile, and at Trafalgar; she was now once more to render a
+conspicuous service to the country.
+
+She sailed from Plymouth with Sir Henry Hotham's squadron on May 24,
+1815. Her commander's record of the memorable events which took place
+on board her during the following weeks is in the reader's hands, and
+nothing more need be said of them here. Let it suffice to note that
+the controversies which have raged around the story of Napoleon's
+exile, and which have tarnished so many reputations, have left
+Maitland's without a stain. "My reception in England," said Napoleon
+himself to Maitland, as he bade him farewell in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, "has been very different from what I expected; but it
+gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your conduct to
+me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of honour."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Up to this point the materials for Maitland's biography are somewhat
+scanty. After this his journal, preserved at Lindores, gives us a very
+full record of his services.
+
+In October 1818 he was appointed to the _Vengeur_, 74. She had been
+intended to bear the flag of Rear-Admiral Otway on the Leith station.
+In June 1819, however, she was ordered to join the squadron destined
+for South America under the command of Sir Thomas Hardy--Nelson's
+Hardy. The squadron left Spithead on September 9, having on board Mr
+Thornton, H.B.M.'s minister to Brazil.
+
+The following year was spent on the South American coast. In the
+disturbed political condition of the Continent, the duties of the
+British naval officers on the station were sometimes difficult and
+delicate, as British ships and British subjects frequently got into
+trouble with the forces of the revolted Spanish colonies. Maitland's
+time was spent chiefly at Rio de Janeiro. In 1807, when Napoleon's
+troops first appeared in the Tagus, the Portuguese Court had emigrated
+to Brazil and had been there ever since. Maitland's journal contains
+many amusing notes--not always printable--about King John VI. and his
+disreputable family. "The king is very fond," he writes, "of comparing
+himself to the Regent of Great Britain, and does it as follows: 'His
+father is mad, so was my mother. I was Regent, so is he. I am very
+fat, so is he. I hate my wife, so does he.'" One anecdote which he
+tells of the king "must," he thinks, "raise him in the opinion of
+every British subject. When the Count de la Rocca was Spanish
+Ambassador at the Brazils, upon a rejoicing day the Portuguese ships
+were dressed with the national flag at the main, the British colours
+at the fore, and Spanish at the mizzen. The Count being at Court,
+drew the (then) Prince to a window which commanded a view of the
+harbour, and said to him, 'I have to ask your Royal Highness to look
+at those ships. The British colours are at the fore and my master's at
+the mizzen topmast-head. Were it only occasionally or alternately I
+should not complain, but it is never otherwise, and I feel it my duty,
+considering the close family connection that subsists between H.M. the
+King of Spain and your Royal Highness, to represent it to you, as it
+hurts my feelings in a manner I cannot express.' The King of Portugal
+tapped him gently on the shoulder and said to him, 'I'll tell you
+what, my friend, had it not been for that flag and the nation to whom
+it belongs, neither your master nor I would have had a flag to hoist
+at all.'"
+
+That was true enough; still, the Portuguese were getting a little
+tired of the British flag. The Peninsular War had made Portugal almost
+a British dependency. Lord Beresford remained in command of the
+Portuguese army after the peace, and many other important appointments
+were held by English officers. The old monopoly of trade with Brazil
+had been broken down in favour of the English, to the ruin of not a
+few Portuguese merchants. These grievances, the continued absence of
+the Court in Brazil, and the general misgovernment of the country, had
+caused widespread discontent. Matters became critical after the
+outbreak of the Spanish revolution in January 1820. In the spring of
+that year Beresford went out to Brazil to lay the state of affairs
+before the king, and to try to induce him to return to Portugal. The
+king would neither go himself nor allow his son to go. On August 13,
+Beresford sailed from Rio for Lisbon in Maitland's ship, the
+_Vengeur_.
+
+While she was crossing the Atlantic, revolution broke out in Portugal.
+A military rising took place at Oporto on the 24th of August, and when
+the _Vengeur_ reached Lisbon on October 10, Maitland found that the
+Regency had been deposed and a provisional Junta installed in the
+capital. Beresford was absolutely forbidden to land, even as a private
+individual, and was requested to leave the port without delay. The
+provisional Government told him plainly that in the existing state of
+public feeling they could not be responsible for his safety if he came
+on shore. After remaining for nearly a week on board the _Vengeur_ in
+the Tagus, he went on to England in a packet-boat.
+
+Maitland had expected to return to England, but at Lisbon he received
+orders to proceed immediately to the Mediterranean on secret service.
+On October 27 he reached the Bay of Naples, where he found a British
+squadron of five ships under Sir Graham Moore.
+
+Serious political trouble had arisen in Naples. After the fall of
+Murat, Ferdinand IV. had been restored to his throne by the Congress
+of Vienna, and in 1816 had assumed the title of King of the Two
+Sicilies. Under the restored monarchy discontent had been steadily
+growing. There had been no violent counter-revolution, but the
+interests of the country had been sacrificed without scruple to those
+of the king's friends, the swarm of courtiers who had shared his
+ignoble exile at Palermo. The revolutionary society of the Carbonari
+spread rapidly, alike in the army and in civil society. In Naples, as
+in Portugal, the Spanish revolution brought things to a crisis. On
+July 2, 1820, a military outbreak took place at Nola. This was
+followed by a general demand for a Constitution, which the king was
+powerless to resist. On July 13 he took the oath to the Constitution
+before the altar in the royal chapel.
+
+A revolution in Naples would in all probability be followed by similar
+uprisings in the Papal States. Metternich was seriously alarmed. A
+conference of sovereigns and ministers to consider the affairs of
+Naples was arranged to be held at Troppau, in Moravia, in October
+1820. England and France stood aloof from action, and the matter
+remained in the hands of the Emperor of Austria, the Czar, and the
+King of Prussia. It was resolved to invite King Ferdinand to meet his
+brother sovereigns at Laibach, in the Austrian province of Carniola,
+and through him to address a summons to the Neapolitans, requiring
+them, in the name of the three Powers and under threat of invasion, to
+abandon their Constitution.
+
+Ferdinand could not leave the country without the consent of the
+Legislature. This was only given on his swearing to maintain the
+existing Constitution. He did so with effusions of patriotism, and on
+December 13 he embarked on board the _Vengeur_, Maitland's ship, which
+conveyed him to Leghorn. On reaching Leghorn he addressed a letter to
+the sovereigns of the Great Powers repudiating all his recent acts. He
+reached Laibach in due course; and the Congress which took place there
+in January 1821 resulted in the restoration of absolutism at Naples
+and the occupation of the country by the Austrians.
+
+It was a curious coincidence that Maitland should within a few years
+have had two sovereigns as passengers,--one the central figure of
+modern European history, the other the good-natured elderly buffoon
+who in this country is chiefly remembered as the husband of the friend
+of Lady Hamilton. Maitland thus records the voyage:--
+
+_Naples Bay, Wednesday, Dec. 13, 1820._--A good deal of rain during
+the night; in the morning the wind to the east. A general order came
+on board for the captains to attend the admiral in their barges, for
+the purpose of attending the King of Naples off to the _Vengeur_,
+dressed in full uniform, with boots and pantaloons; a note, likewise,
+from the admiral telling me he intended to get the squadron under way
+and see the King out of the bay, the _Revolutionnaire_ forming astern
+of the _Vengeur_, and he, with the five ships in line of battle,
+taking a position on our weather quarter; and when he takes his leave
+each ship is to pass under our stern, and there and then salute. The
+yards are to be manned and the ships to salute, beginning when the
+_Vengeur_ fires her second gun. It is the intention of the French
+squadron to weigh also and stand out. At three P.M. the King of Naples
+came on board in Sir Graham Moore's barge, attended by the admiral and
+all the captains of the squadron except myself (as I stayed on board
+to receive him), and all the captains of the French squadron. He was
+saluted and cheered by all the ships except the Neapolitan, one of
+which manned her rigging, but no salute was given. As soon as the
+King was on board, unmoored, as did _Revolutionnaire_ and _Duchesse de
+Berri_. Employed beating out. At about ten P.M. the _Revolutionnaire_
+was on our weather-bow when a thick heavy squall came on which blew
+the main top-sail away. When the squall cleared away a little, I saw
+the _Revolutionnaire_ close to us on our lee-bow, off the wind and
+stemming for us, and so near it was impossible the ships could clear
+each other. It therefore became necessary to adopt the measure which
+would soften the first blow as much as possible, and I ordered the
+helm to be put down. When the ship came head to wind she struck the
+_Revolutionnaire_ just before the mainmast, slewed our cut-water right
+across, carried away the jib-boom, spritsail yard, &c., and then
+backed clear of her. A lad fell overboard from the _Revolutionnaire_
+and made a great noise, which enabled us to send a boat and pick him
+up, he having got upon one of our life-buoys. Got the runners up and
+the messenger through the hawse-holes, and set them up with the top
+tackles, which enabled us soon to make sail. Saw the _Duchesse de
+Berri_ working out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 14._--Strong breeze to the westward, with sea getting up. Saw
+_Revolutionnaire_ to leeward. On examination, found the cut-water so
+much shook I determined to run on to Baia and secure the bowsprit;
+made signal to prepare to anchor, and bore up little after 8 A.M.
+Anchored in fifteen fathom water. The _Revolutionnaire_ was examined
+also, when I found her mainmast was sprung; sent the master and
+carpenter to survey the damage she had sustained, two or three of her
+timbers being broke. They reported she might be put in a state to
+proceed in two days. Sent Lieutenant Drewry up to the Admiral with a
+letter giving an account of our disaster, and informing him I should
+proceed as soon as the weather would admit of it, taking
+_Revolutionnaire_ with me if she was ready, otherwise directing him to
+follow. Got an answer from him in the evening offering the King any
+ship, even _Rochefort_ (the flagship), if we could not proceed; and
+that he had ordered _Active_ down here, to be ready to relieve
+_Revolutionnaire_ if she could not go. In the morning, when the King
+came out, he took hold of both my hands, squeezed them, and shook
+them very heartily, saying, "I am infinitely obliged to you for the
+way in which you manoeuvred the ship last night, for had it not been
+for your promptitude she must have been dismasted." Dined with his
+Majesty, who sent me an invitation, and took my place, by his
+direction, at his right hand, in the way I used when Bonaparte was
+with me, and was a good deal struck with the similarity of situation.
+On the King's left sat the Princess of Paterna, created by him Duchess
+of Floridia. She is married to him, but does not assume the title of
+Queen, because she is not of blood royal. She is an uncommonly
+handsome woman for her time of life,--which the Prince of Babro tells
+me is very near fifty,--her manners pleasing, and quite those of a
+woman of high rank. He seems much attached to her, was particular in
+recommending good dishes to her, and once or twice when he spoke to
+her took her hand, and shook and prest it in a friendly affectionate
+way.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Baia, Dec. 15._--Strong gale, with very heavy squalls and showers of
+rain. The King is, in my opinion, much better at an anchor here than
+beating about the sea in a gale of wind. Employed securing the
+bowsprit.... Dined with the King, who told us several anecdotes of his
+sea excursions; and he really is a tolerably good sailor. In the
+evening a deputation of the Parliament came on board to condole with
+his Majesty on the accident that had befallen the ship, and to wish
+him a pleasant voyage and a speedy return to his country. In the
+evening pointed the yards to the wind.... While at dinner, H.M. sent
+out to have "Rule Britannia" played by the band, and drank success to
+the British Navy with three cheers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 16._--In the morning the weather fine, with light wind W.S.W.
+Unmoored ship.... Stood over towards Capri till half-past one, when we
+tacked. The King told us at dinner he had been one of six who in seven
+days killed nine thousand quails on Capri Island, where in the month
+of May some years they come in millions.... Got round Ischia at 10
+o'clock P.M.......................................................
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Leghorn Roads, Wednesday, Dec. 20._--Employed all night beating into
+Leghorn Roads.... At eight, pratique boat came off and gave us
+pratique, and soon after the Governor of Leghorn came to pay his
+respects to the King, with a fine large barge. His Majesty soon got
+very impatient to go on shore, and would hardly give us time to make
+the necessary preparations for sending him out of the ship with due
+honours. At half-past nine he left the ship, accompanied by the
+Duchess of Floridia.... Saluted with twenty-one guns, and manned yards
+and cheered him as he left the ship. I accompanied him on shore, and
+when about to take my leave he asked me to dinner. I went, therefore,
+to the Grand Duke's palace, which is in the square; and when I got
+there the Marchese di Ruffo soon arrived, and, desiring my company in
+another room, produced the Order of St Ferdinand of the second class,
+and told me he had the King's sanction to present me with it; and when
+we were talking about it his Majesty came into the room and put it
+over my neck, and then led me by the hand and presented me to the
+Princess Paterna, when I returned my humble thanks to his Majesty,
+knelt, and kissed his hand. The princess told me it was her intention
+to send by me something as a present from her to my wife. The Marchese
+di Ruffo then came in and told me he had something further to
+communicate, and took me into the other room, when he gave me from his
+Majesty a remarkably handsome gold snuff-box with his portrait on
+it,--a very good likeness, set with twenty-four diamonds, some of them
+large, particularly four at the corners. He gave me also two other
+boxes, one for Captain Pellew and the other for the captain of the
+_Fleur de Lis_, and informed me he meant to give 3000 ducats to the
+_Vengeur's_ ship's company and 1500 to each of the frigates. Dined
+with the King, and came off in the evening.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 21._--... To Franschetti the banker to obtain the money given by
+the King of Naples to the ships' companies; and after waiting a long
+time and having a great deal of trouble with a very stupid old fellow,
+we managed to get it from him.... Got my patent as Commander of the
+Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, for which I had to pay ten ducats
+as a fee to the secretary's clerk,--a part of the ceremony I did not
+bargain for, as the order cannot be of any use to me, there being a
+rule against officers accepting of foreign orders except in particular
+cases.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 22._--... At eleven the boats came off and brought all my traps,
+and a small parcel from the Princess Paterna, containing a very
+handsome gold necklace and bracelets, requesting I would accept them
+for her sake and present them to my wife. His Majesty, as well as the
+princess, have behaved to me in a most munificent way, having loaded
+me with favours and marks of their affection, which I shall ever
+remember with the warmest gratitude. As I have now done with the King
+of Naples, it may be as well to say a few words of his person and
+habits. He is a tall thin fair man, now seventy years of age,
+uncommonly robust and active for that time of life, which may be
+attributed in a great measure to his temperance and love of
+field-sports, which has been ever his ruling passion, and often
+occasioned him to neglect the more imposing and serious duties of a
+king. As a man, he must be liked by every one who comes immediately in
+contact with him, as he is cheerful and good-humoured, though not a
+man of much information. While on board the ship he was generally up
+before daylight,--which at this season of the year is not saying
+much,--took a cup of coffee and a bit of biscuit,--to strengthen his
+stomach as he said,--and then said prayers, having two friars and a
+priest with him. At noon he dined, when he ate a very hearty meal, and
+drank about half a bottle of Neapolitan wine a good deal diluted with
+water, and ate nothing for the remainder of the day. In the evening he
+played picquet, and went to bed at eight or half past....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Vengeur_ returned to England in the spring of 1820, and Maitland
+was appointed to the _Genoa_, guardship at Portsmouth, from which he
+was superseded in October on the completion of his three years'
+continuous service on the peace establishment. The midshipmen of the
+_Genoa_ presented him with a sword as a mark of respect.
+
+Then followed a period of rest. In 1816 he had bought from his mother
+the estate of Lindores, near Newburgh, in Fifeshire, which had been in
+her family since 1569. Here he now spent several years, chiefly
+occupied in the improvement of the property. During the war he had
+made some L16,000 out of prize-money, part of which was spent in
+building the present mansion-house, overlooking the beautiful Loch of
+Lindores. In the spring of 1826 he visited London to arrange for the
+publication of the _Narrative_, which, after some fruitless
+negotiations with John Murray, was accepted by Colburn on satisfactory
+terms.
+
+On February 13, 1827, Maitland was appointed to the _Wellesley_, 74.
+In December 1826, Mr Canning, in response to an appeal from the
+Portuguese Regency, had sent English troops to Lisbon to protect the
+Government of Portugal against the threatened attack of Spain.
+Maitland was ordered to Lisbon, and the _Wellesley_ spent the autumn
+and winter of 1827 in the Tagus. After a spring cruise up the
+Mediterranean, she returned to England in May 1828. On June 26 she
+again sailed for the Mediterranean, carrying the flag of Admiral Sir
+Pulteney Malcolm, who was then going out to succeed Sir Edward
+Codrington in command of the Mediterranean station. On August 24 she
+joined the squadron under Codrington at Navarino.
+
+Maitland remained in Greek waters for the next two years. The tragic
+drama of the Greek Revolution, after seven years of horrors, had now
+reached its final act. By the Treaty of London, in July 1827, England,
+Russia, and France had undertaken to put an end to the conflict in the
+East, and to establish the autonomy of Greece. In the following
+October the battle of Navarino had been fought, and the Turkish fleet
+destroyed. Ibrahim Pasha still held the fortresses of the Morea, which
+he was shortly to evacuate under the pressure of a French army corps.
+In April 1828 war had broken out between Turkey and Russia.
+
+Desultory fighting was still going on in Crete, which had been utterly
+devastated by years of barbarous warfare. In October the _Wellesley_
+went to Suda Bay, and most of the winter was spent by Maitland on the
+coast of Crete, endeavouring to bring about an armistice, and
+superintending the blockade which the Powers had established in order
+to prevent military supplies from reaching the Turks in the island.
+The blockade was raised early in 1829; and during the following months
+Maitland visited nearly every point of interest on the Greek coast and
+in the Greek islands, as well as Sicily, the coast of Asia Minor, and
+Constantinople. Like most Englishmen who have served in the Levant, he
+developed a considerable respect for the Turk, and a quite unbounded
+contempt for the Greek. After the armistice negotiations in Crete he
+writes: "I found the conduct of the Turkish chiefs throughout manly,
+straightforward, and sincere, while that of their opponents was very
+much the reverse;" and in another place he writes of the Greeks that
+"a more perfidious, ferocious, and cruel race does not exist."
+Needless to say he did not think much of "our pretty Greek Committee."
+
+In the summer of 1830 the _Wellesley_ returned to England. Maitland
+attained his flag on July 22, 1830. At the reconstruction of the Order
+of the Bath in 1815 he had been made a C.B.; on November 17, 1830, he
+was advanced to be a K.C.B. In 1835 he received the Greek Order of the
+Redeemer.
+
+During his South American and Mediterranean cruises Maitland kept a
+very full and interesting private journal. It reveals him to us as a
+man of immense mental activity and power of observation, hard humorous
+common-sense, and an almost Pepysian interest in all the doings of
+mankind. Politics, archaeology, cricket, theatricals, scandal, the
+terms of a treaty, the _menu_ of a good dinner, the armament of a
+foreign frigate, the toilette of a pretty woman,--everything interests
+him, and is observed, remembered, and noted in his diary. A few
+extracts have been given; within the limits of this sketch they cannot
+be multiplied. His account of the slave-market at Constantinople may
+serve as a specimen of his power of picturesque description.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_October 12, 1829._--... We then crossed the harbour, and went to the
+slave-market. It is held in a small square, with some houses in the
+middle, and on two sides of the square are small rooms, where the
+slaves for sale are kept until their turn comes to be put up.
+Adjoining the doors of these rooms or cells are raised platforms of
+wood on which a number of black women and girls were sitting; and I
+saw a few white ones inside. Outside these platforms are others, where
+the purchasers or those intending to purchase slaves were placed; and
+between the two platforms there is a passage three or four feet wide.
+At another corner of the market there were some black men and boys,
+chained by the legs to prevent their escaping, and among them we saw a
+very good-looking respectably dressed young man, also in chains. We
+were told he was a Georgian, but could not discover his history,
+though it is probable that his master had died, and that he was sold
+in consequence. He was smoking a pipe, and looked very disconsolate. A
+little after nine o'clock, the chief of the market arrived, and the
+sale began. Two or three black girls were first put up. A crier went
+round the square, followed by the slave for sale, passing through the
+passage before mentioned. When any person bids, the crier goes on,
+calling the sum bid, until some one bids higher, and continues calling
+till no more is bid, when the slave becomes the property of the
+highest bidder. There were three or four criers, with each a slave
+following them, going round the bazaar at the same time. At last a
+very pretty-looking white girl about sixteen years of age was put up
+for sale. Several bids had been made before I discovered her; and when
+I came up to the place where she was standing, Lambrino, the admiral's
+interpreter, asked the crier what sum was bid for her. He answered
+1200 piastres; upon which the girl turned round in a rage, and said to
+Lambrino, "You dog-faced fellow, what is that to you?" and the
+interpreter being a little man, with high shoulders and a face very
+much shaped like a dog's, the girl's remark excited a general laugh.
+The crier, however, was by no means pleased at the young lady for
+making such a display of her temper, as it was likely to hurt her
+sale, and he therefore reprimanded her. They then passed on along the
+passage and came to one of the divans, where a man about forty was
+sitting smoking his pipe. He stopped the crier, and took the girl by
+the hand, felt all up her arm to the shoulder, then drew her a little
+nearer and opened her waistcoat, which exposed a beautiful white
+bosom, and the effect seemed electric, for he immediately bid 1300
+piastres, and after pulling down the lower part of her veil so as to
+show the whole of her face, and looking at her teeth, he allowed the
+crier to proceed. The girl had been angry at Lambrino, and seemed a
+good deal distressed when the Turk was examining and handling her. I
+saw a blush of either modesty or indignation cross her countenance;
+but the instant the additional piastres were bid (whether from
+gratified vanity or what other cause I cannot say, for these poor
+creatures are very proud of bringing a high price) a smile of
+satisfaction beamed over her face, and she marched off in apparent
+good humour. I had seen enough of this horrid scene, and was tired of
+seeing a fellow-creature paraded about and handled like a horse,
+therefore was rejoiced when the admiral proposed we should leave it.
+Before we went away, a fellow, apparently an Armenian, came up and
+said he had a handsome young Greek girl for sale if we would like to
+see her. As, however, none of us under any circumstances could have
+purchased her, we declined his offer....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A characteristic feature of Maitland's diary is his constant reference
+to his wife. He had married, in 1804, Catherine, second daughter of
+Daniel Connor of Ballybricken, County Cork. They had only one child,
+who died in infancy. Maitland loved his wife with lifelong devotion;
+wherever the service called him, her picture hung in his cabin, and he
+carried her image in his heart. Every letter she wrote to him is noted
+in his journal; and it is full of references to her in words of
+devoted attachment. Thus on the voyage home from South America in 1820
+he writes: "Crossed the equator at eleven o'clock at night, and we are
+once more, Heaven be praised, in the northern hemisphere, which
+contains all I love and delight in in this world, and every mile we go
+draws us nearer to the sole mistress and possessor of my heart.... A
+more affectionate, kind, attached wife no man on earth is blessed with
+than myself." He was bitterly disappointed when from Lisbon he was
+ordered to the Mediterranean. As the ship passed Gibraltar he wrote:
+"This was the day I had settled in my own mind that I was to arrive at
+Portsmouth, and there meet the dearest and best of wives.... I had
+expected this day to be the happiest of human beings, and now the
+event that would make me so appears as distant as ever." When he was
+at Naples, Mrs Maitland appears to have fallen under religious
+influences of the kind which often embitter family relations; and it
+is pathetic to read the expression of her husband's grief and anxiety
+lest the love which was the chief joy of his life should be estranged.
+"I fear much," he writes, "I shall have to regret the longest day I
+have to live, having left her in Scotland, instead of taking her
+abroad with me, as she was in a nest of fanatical foolish women who
+have the madness to believe they are inspired from above." Happily the
+cloud soon passed, and he notes the receipt of "one of her own dear
+affectionate kind letters, such as she used formerly to write." A
+little later comes the joyful entry: "Bore up and made sail, with a
+fine strong Levant wind, which cleared us of the Gut of Gibraltar by
+noon; and I can now look forward with confidence to meeting my beloved
+Kate in about two weeks' time."
+
+From 1832 to 1837 Maitland was Admiral Superintendent of the dockyard
+at Portsmouth. In July 1837 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the
+East Indies and China. He hoisted his flag on his own old ship the
+_Wellesley_, now commanded by Captain Thomas Maitland, afterwards Earl
+of Lauderdale, and sailed for Bombay on the 11th of October. Lady
+Maitland accompanied him to the East.
+
+When the advance from Bombay towards Afghanistan was made in 1838, it
+was decided that a naval force should proceed along the coast to
+co-operate with the troops. In January 1839, Maitland, in the
+_Wellesley_, joined the squadron in the Indus, and was requested by
+Sir John Keane, the military commander-in-chief, to "proceed to
+Kurrachee and take it." He arrived with his squadron before Kurrachee
+the 1st of February, and sent a flag of truce, summoning the fort of
+Manora, which formed the chief defence of the town. The Baluchi
+garrison refused all terms, and fired on the boats of the squadron,
+which were engaged in landing troops. The _Wellesley_ accordingly
+opened fire, and soon reduced the fort to ruins and brought the
+commandant to terms. The British flag was hoisted on the fort by
+Lieutenant Jenkins of the _Wellesley_. The town also surrendered, and
+was occupied by the 40th Regiment and the 2nd Bombay Native Infantry.
+The British Government thus easily obtained possession of the chief
+port of the Punjab.
+
+After the capture of Kurrachee, Maitland returned to Bombay, and
+thence proceeded to Bushire, where difficulties had arisen with the
+Persian authorities. At an interview with the Governor, the Admiral
+demanded permission for himself and his officers to land and
+communicate freely with the British Resident. The Governor agreed to
+this, but refused to allow the Admiral to embark from the
+landing-place opposite the Residency. Next morning, March 25, all the
+boats of the squadron, manned and armed, proceeded to the shore to
+protect the embarkation of the Admiral and other officers. The
+following account by an eyewitness of what then took place is given in
+Low's _History of the Indian Navy_:--
+
+"The Persians had assembled to the number of several hundreds, and the
+Governor, with his body-guard, was determined to prevent, if possible,
+the property being shipped before the Residency. The first boat which
+approached the shore was fired upon, and one Persian had his musket
+presented at Captain Maitland. He was just on the eve of firing, when
+fortunately the Admiral and two Indian naval officers in a moment
+wrenched it from his hands, and kept possession of the piece, which
+they found loaded with a heavy charge. You may imagine how strongly
+inclined the marines must have been to fire. The benevolent spirit of
+the Admiral, however, would not allow it till the throwing of stones,
+and continued firing from the Persians, called forth two volleys,
+which caused the Persians to evacuate the breastwork. One was killed
+and two wounded; their fire upon us, fortunately, did not injure any
+one, but the Commodore and several other officers were struck with
+stones. After this the Residency was put in a state of defence,
+Captain Hennell (the Political Agent), had all the property conveyed
+as quickly as possible on board the _Wellesley_, _Elphinstone_,
+_Clive_, and _Emily_, and finally abandoned the Residency on the
+morning of the 28th, when surrounded by four or five hundred armed
+Persians, composed of Bushirees and Tungustanees, with Baukr Khan at
+their head.... And on the morning of the 29th the _Wellesley_ and the
+other vessels reached Kharrack, bringing along with them the whole
+Residency establishment."
+
+On May 9, 1839, the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India
+wrote to Maitland: "The Right Hon. the Governor-General highly
+applauds the cordial and able assistance offered by the officers and
+crews of H.M.'s and the Hon. Company's ships, in the removal on board
+the ships of the Resident and his suite from the Residency at
+Bushire,--an operation which, but for their aid, might have been
+attended with difficulty and danger." Maitland was bitterly attacked
+by the Anglo-Indian press for his forbearance on this occasion, which
+it was said had lowered British prestige in the eyes of the Persians.
+It is possible that our relations with Persia might have been improved
+by the slaughter of the Bushire mob by the _Wellesley's_ marines, but
+apparently the Admiral thought otherwise.
+
+The Bushire incident was followed by a cruise round the Persian Gulf,
+in the course of which the Admiral had various interviews with the
+local chiefs, and impressed upon them the necessity of keeping the
+peace and respecting British interests.
+
+It was his last service. He died at sea, off Bombay, on November 30,
+1839. A letter from the late Admiral Philip Somerville,[2] then a
+lieutenant on board the _Wellesley_, describes the closing scenes.
+
+         [Footnote 2: Admiral Somerville married Mary Stuart, eldest
+         daughter of David Maitland Makgill Crichton of Rankeilour,
+         and grand-niece of Sir Frederick. I am indebted for the use
+         of this letter to the courtesy of his son, Mr D. M. M.
+         Crichton Somerville.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"On our arrival at Bombay, Nov. 3," he writes, "the tents had not been
+pitched more than a week or so, and the one fitted by the Government
+for the Admiral was so very large that, after our arrival, he had to
+remain for some days on board ship ere it was ready. You may fancy
+the state the ground was in after five months' heavy rain,--the chill
+and damp scarcely possible to describe,--evaporation of course
+following the excessive heat of the day. A week had scarcely passed
+ere he felt its effects, but he could say nothing. On the 15th
+November I dined with him on shore. He seemed then tolerably well. On
+Sunday, 17th, he visited the ship, and returned to his tent. On the
+18th he dined with her Majesty's 6th Regiment, and complained a little
+that day. The 21st, he was out to see our sailors and marines
+exercising. The complaint from that time made rapid progress.
+Saturday, 23rd, Lady Maitland went to a large party, but returned to
+the Admiral very early. Sunday 24th and Monday 25th he was dangerously
+ill; 26th and 27th, rather easier. Preparations were made for going to
+sea. On the 28th, the poor old fellow was brought off and hoisted on
+board in a palankeen. I saw him for a moment. Poor Sir Frederick lay
+with his head thrown back, his mouth a little open, his cheeks sunk,
+and his whole frame totally changed. He was conveyed to his cabin. We
+immediately got under way. All gloom, and solemn silence prevailed. I
+daresay some at least were in deep thought, some thinking of his
+former prosperity, others of the money he had made; perhaps some
+thought of the happy and honourable day on which Bonaparte
+surrendered. After lingering until Saturday the 30th, at 11.45 he
+expired. One can scarcely conceive the sensation caused by the
+mournful event. The countenances of all evinced deep sorrow for their
+chief, a man who was looked up to by all who knew him, and greatly
+beloved by those under his command....
+
+"On Monday morning, preparations having been made the previous day,
+the troops of the garrison and boats from the ships began to assemble.
+The ship was painted black all over, and her yards topped in mourning.
+The body was conveyed in his own boat, the barge, the other boats
+following in order with their colours half-mast, presenting a very
+imposing sight. On leaving the ship, minute-guns began; and on the
+corpse reaching the shore, it was received with a guard of honour, and
+the fort commenced firing minute-guns as we formed in procession. The
+troops had their arms reversed, and the same people who received the
+Admiral that day fortnight at the dinner given by the 6th Regiment
+formed part of the parade that sorrowful moment. They lined the road
+through which we passed, and reached to the church. Here the body was
+received in the usual way, and all the respectable attendants followed
+it into the cathedral. The lesson was read by the officiating
+Archdeacon, and on coming to the grave in the aisle of the church, the
+Bishop read the service in a very affecting and solemn manner. After
+the ceremony we returned to our respective ships."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A monument to Sir Frederick's memory was erected in Bombay Cathedral
+by the officers of his command. "Among names," writes Lieutenant Low
+in his _History_, "which will ever be held in affection by the
+officers whose record of service is now 'as a tale that is told,' that
+of Maitland, the gallant and chivalrous seaman, to whom the mighty
+Napoleon surrendered his sword on the quarter-deck of the
+_Bellerophon_, will ever be prominent; and this record of his worth
+and nobility of character, and that other memorial on the walls of the
+Cathedral Church of St Thomas, will testify to the grateful
+remembrance in which his memory is held by the officers of the Indian
+Navy."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE
+
+
+On Wednesday the 24th of May, 1815, I sailed from Cawsand Bay, in
+command of His Majesty's ship Bellerophon, and under the orders of
+Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, whose flag was hoisted in the Superb. I
+received sealed instructions, part of which were to be opened on
+getting to sea, and part only to be examined in the event of my being
+separated from the Admiral. Those which I opened contained directions
+to detain, and send into port, all armed vessels belonging to the
+Government of France.
+
+On Sunday the 28th of May, we joined His Majesty's ships Astrea and
+Telegraph, stationed off Isle Dieu, on a secret service; and the
+following day, three transports, under charge of the Helicon, arrived
+from England, having on board arms and ammunition, to supply the
+Royalists in La Vendee, for whose support and assistance I now found
+the squadron, of which the Bellerophon formed one, was destined.
+
+On Tuesday the 30th of May, I received orders from Sir Henry Hotham,
+to take the Eridanus under my command, and proceed off Rochefort, for
+the purpose of preventing a corvette from putting to sea, which,
+according to information received by the British Government, was to
+carry proposals from Buonaparte to the West India Colonies, to declare
+in his favour. I had likewise orders to reconnoitre the Roadstead of
+Rochefort, and report to the Admiral the number and state of the ships
+of war lying there. Accordingly, on the 31st of May, I ran into
+Basque Roads, and found at anchor, under Isle d'Aix, two large
+frigates, a ship corvette, and a large brig, all ready for sea, which
+I afterwards ascertained to be the Meduse, Saale, Balladiere, and
+Epervier. Nothing occurred worth mentioning until the 9th of June,
+when the Vesuve French corvette came in from the northward, and got
+into Rochefort, notwithstanding every effort to prevent her; the ships
+under my orders having been driven to the southward, during the night,
+by a strong northerly wind, accompanied by a southerly current. She
+was from Guadaloupe, and immediately on passing the Chasseron
+light-house, hoisted the tri-coloured flag.
+
+On the 18th of June, I detained and sent to Sir Henry Hotham, the
+AEneas French store-ship, commanded by a lieutenant of the navy, with a
+crew of fifty men, loaded with ship-timber for the arsenal of
+Rochefort; but he, being of opinion that she did not come within the
+intention of the order, liberated her.
+
+On the 21st of June, I detained and sent to the Admiral, under charge
+of the Eridanus, the Marianne French transport, from Martinique,
+having on board 220 of the 9th regiment of light infantry, coming to
+France to join the army under Buonaparte. The Eridanus was sent to
+England with her, and did not return to me, being employed on other
+service.
+
+On the 27th of June, the Cephalus joined us, bringing with her the
+declaration of war against France; after which we were employed
+several days, taking and destroying chasse-marees, and other small
+coasting vessels.
+
+On the 28th of June, I received intelligence, from one of the vessels
+captured, of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo; and on the 30th, a boat
+came off from Bourdeaux, bringing the following letter, without date
+or subscription, written on very thin paper in English, and concealed
+within a quill. I give the contents verbatim.
+
+
+Copy of a Letter received by Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+off Rochefort, on the 30th of June, 1815, without date or
+subscription.
+
+
+"With great degree of certainty, being informed that Buonaparte might
+have come last night through this city from Paris, with the new Mayor
+of Bourdeaux, with a view to flight, by the mouth of this river, or La
+Teste, the author of the last note sent by Mr ---- hastily drops these
+few lines, to give the British Admiral advice of such intention, that
+he may instantly take the necessary steps, in order to seize the man.
+His ideas will certainly have brought him to think it natural, that
+the British stations will be less upon their guard in this quarter
+than any where else. The writer benefits by this opportunity to inform
+the Admiral that, since the last note, some alteration has taken place
+with regard to the troops spread in these two Divisions; in lieu of
+800 to 1000 in this city, there are now 5000, which is supposed owing
+to the intention of compressing the minds of this populace in this
+decisive instant.
+
+"It is supposed the British Admiral is already informed of the Grand
+Army being totally defeated and destroyed, the abdication of
+Buonaparte, &c. and the arrival of the allies near the Capital.
+
+"An attempt should be made on this Coast, with no less than 8000 men
+altogether. Immediate steps are wanted to put a stop to the supposed
+flight.
+
+"Should the attempt be made on the Coast from La Teste to Bourdeaux,
+an immediate diversion should be made on this side; the success is
+beyond any doubt.
+
+"A sharp eye must be kept on all American vessels, and particularly on
+the Susquehannah, of Philadelphia, Captain Caleb Cushing; General
+Bertand and another goes with him. The two entrances of Bourdeaux and
+La Teste must be kept close; a line or two is expected, on the return
+of the bearer from the Admiral, or Chief Officer on the Station. As
+this is writing, the news is spread generally, that the Duc de Berri
+and Lord Wellington are in Paris."
+
+The note alluded to had been received, and forwarded unopened, to the
+Admiral in Quiberon Bay.
+
+Though my attention was called so strongly to Bourdeaux, or la Teste
+d'Arcasson, as the parts of the coast from whence Buonaparte would
+probably attempt to escape, it was my decided opinion that Rochefort
+was much more likely to be the port where the trial would be made. I
+therefore sent the Myrmidon off Bourdeaux, the Cephalus to Arcasson,
+and remained with only the Bellerophon, off Rochefort. From this
+period, until my return to England, the ship was never, by day or
+night, more than three miles from the land. Considering it of much
+importance to communicate the intelligence contained in the letter
+from Bourdeaux, to my commanding officer, with as little delay as
+possible; as I had no vessel left with me, after detaching the two
+ships under my orders, I sent the Bellerophon's barge, under the
+charge of a lieutenant, with directions to endeavour to join some one
+of the cruisers stationed off Isle Dieu. I gave him an order,
+addressed to the Captain of any of His Majesty's ships he might fall
+in with, to proceed without loss of time, to join the Admiral in
+Quiberon Bay, with the despatch accompanying it. This boat was
+fortunate enough to fall in with His Majesty's ship Cyrus, Captain
+Carrol; who, in consequence, after hoisting in the barge, proceeded to
+Quiberon Bay.
+
+As the coasting-vessels were not worth sending into port for
+condemnation, (and considering the circumstances under which the ship
+I commanded was placed, I should not have felt justified in weakening
+her complement, even for a prize of value,) I was in the habit of
+using such captures, as marks for the men to practice firing at. The
+Cephalus had a chasse-maree in tow for that purpose, when the letter,
+inserted above, was received; and I detached her so shortly
+afterwards, that Captain Furneaux had no opportunity of destroying
+her, but was obliged to cast her off. After he had left me some time,
+I observed the vessel drifting to sea, and determined to run down and
+sink her. While approaching her in this view. I was sweeping the
+horizon with my glass, when I discovered, at a considerable distance,
+a small white speck on the water, which had the appearance of a
+child's boat with paper sails; but I could plainly perceive something
+that had motion in it; and, after firing on and destroying the
+chasse-maree, I stood towards the object which had engaged my
+attention, and found it to be a small punt, about eight feet long,
+flat-bottomed, and shaped more like a butcher's tray than a boat. In
+it were a young man about eighteen years of age, and a boy about
+twelve, who had got into the punt to amuse themselves, and, happening
+to lose one of their oars, were drifted to sea. They had been
+thirty-six hours without refreshment of any kind, and with only one
+oar and a bit of board, which they had formed into something like
+another; they were quite exhausted with fatigue, and their hands very
+much blistered. When we picked them up, there was a strong breeze
+blowing off the land, so that there cannot be a doubt, had not
+Providence sent us to their assistance, they must have perished. I
+kept the boys on board two or three days, for the purpose of
+recruiting their strength, and then landed them with the punt, close
+to their village, to the great joy and wonder of their parents and
+countrymen.
+
+On the first of July, we spoke a ship from Rochefort, the master of
+which gave information, that the frigates in Aix Roads had taken in
+their powder, and were in all respects ready to put to sea; also, that
+several gentlemen in plain clothes, and some ladies, supposed to form
+part of Buonaparte's suite, had arrived at Isle d'Aix: in short, upon
+the whole, that there was little doubt of its being his intention to
+effect his escape, if possible, from that place, in the frigates. On
+receiving this information, I anchored the Bellerophon as close to the
+French squadron as the batteries would permit, kept guard-boats rowing
+all night, and prepared my ship's company for the description of
+action in which I thought it was probable they would be engaged. I
+trained one hundred of the stoutest men, selecting them from the
+different stations in the ship; it being my intention, after firing
+into and silencing one frigate, to run the Bellerophon alongside of
+her, throw that party in, and then, leaving her in charge of the first
+lieutenant, to have proceeded in chase of the other.
+
+His Majesty's ship Phoebe joined us this evening, and brought with her
+the Bellerophon's barge. Captain Hillyar having orders to take a
+station off Bourdeaux, I recalled the Myrmidon from that service.
+
+On the 7th of July, I received a letter from Sir Henry Hotham,
+together with fresh orders, from which the following are extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Quiberon
+Bay, July 6, 1815.
+
+
+"It is impossible to tell which information respecting Buonaparte's
+flight may be correct; but, in the uncertainty, it is right to attach
+a certain degree of credit to all: that which I now act on, is
+received this morning, from the chief of the Royalists, between the
+Loire and the Vilaine.
+
+"Although the force of the Bellerophon would be sufficient for the
+ships at Isle d'Aix, if they were to give you an opportunity of
+bringing them to action together, you cannot stop them both, if the
+frigates separate; I am, therefore, now anxious you should have a
+frigate with you: therefore if any of them should be with you, keep
+her for the time I have specified; but if you have no frigate, and
+this should be brought to you by a twenty-gun ship, keep her with you
+for the same time; she will do to keep sight of a French frigate,
+although she could not stop her.
+
+"If this is delivered to you by Lord John Hay of the Opossum, do not
+detain him, as her force would be of no use to you, and I want him
+_particularly_, to examine vessels which sail from the Loire."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.;
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, 6th July, 1815.
+
+
+"Having this morning received information that it is believed Napoleon
+Buonaparte has taken his road from Paris for Rochefort, to embark from
+thence for the United States of America, I have to direct you will use
+your best endeavours to prevent him from making his escape in either
+of the frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which purpose you are,
+notwithstanding former orders, to keep any frigate which may be with
+you, at the time you receive this letter, in company with the ship you
+command, for the space of ten days, to enable you to intercept them in
+case they should put to sea together: but if you should have no
+frigate with you at the above time, you will keep the ship delivering
+this, (which will probably be the Slaney or Cyrus,) in company with
+the Bellerophon, ten days, and then allow her to proceed in execution
+of the orders her Captain has received from me."
+
+The Slaney brought the letter and order, parts of which are extracted
+above, and having no frigate in company, I detained her as part of the
+force under my command, though she was, on the 8th, sent down to the
+Mamusson passage, with orders for Captain Green of the Daphne, and did
+not return until the evening of the 11th.
+
+On the 8th of July, I was joined by a chasse-maree bringing a letter
+from Sir Henry Hotham, part of which is as follows:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, July 7, 1815.
+
+
+"Having sent every ship and vessel out from this bay, to endeavour to
+intercept Buonaparte, I am obliged to send the chasse-maree, which has
+been employed in my communications with the Royalists, with this
+letter, to acquaint you that the Ferret brought me information last
+evening, after the Opossum had left me, from Lord Keith, that
+Government received, on the night of the 30th, an application from the
+rulers of France, for a passport and safe conduct for Buonaparte to
+America, which had been answered in the negative, and, therefore,
+directing an increase of vigilance to intercept him: but it remains
+quite uncertain where he will embark; and, although it would appear
+by the measures adopted at home, that it is expected he will sail from
+one of the northern ports, I am of opinion he will go from one of the
+southern places, and I think the information I sent you yesterday by
+the Opossum is very likely to be correct; namely, that he had taken
+the road to Rochefort; and that he will probably embark in the
+frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which reason I am very anxious you should
+have force enough to stop them both, as the Bellerophon could only
+take one, if they separated, and that might not be the one he would be
+on board of. I have no frigate to send you; if one should join me in
+time, I will send her to you, and I hope you will have _two_
+twenty-gun ships with you. I imagine, from what you said in your
+letter by your barge, that you would not have kept the Endymion with
+you, especially as the Myrmidon would have rejoined you, by the
+arrangements I sent down by the Phoebe for Sir John Sinclair to take
+her place off the Mamusson; therefore, I trust that my last order to
+Captain Hope will not have deprived you of his assistance, but hope it
+may have put him in a better situation than before. The Liffey is
+seventy or eighty miles west from Bourdeaux, and the Pactolus, after
+landing some person in the Gironde, goes off Cape Finisterre, where
+the Swiftsure is also gone; and many ships are looking out in the
+Channel and about the latitude of Ushant.
+
+"Buonaparte is certainly not yet gone; I presume he would naturally
+await the answer from our Government, which only left London on the
+1st; my own opinion is, that he will either go with a force that will
+afford him some kind of security, or in a merchant vessel to avoid
+suspicion.
+
+"The orders from the Admiralty, received last evening, are, that the
+ships which are looking out for him, should remain on that service
+_till further orders, or till they know he is taken_, and not regard
+the time of ten days or a fortnight, which they first named: therefore
+you will govern yourself by that, and keep any ship you have with you
+till one of those events occurs, without attending to the ten days I
+specified in my letter to you by the Opossum yesterday, and make the
+same known to any ship you may communicate with. The information you
+sent me, which had been transmitted to you from Bourdeaux, is now
+proved to have been erroneous, by our knowing that Buonaparte was at
+Paris as late as the 30th of June, and that paper must have been
+written on the 29th, as you received it on the 30th. The Eridanus will
+not rejoin you; she has been stationed, by Lord Keith, off Brest.
+
+"Let me know by the return of the chasse-maree, particularly, what
+ships you have with you, and where the other ships are, as far as you
+know, and what position you keep in. If you had ships enough to guard
+Basque Roads, and the Channel between Isle d'Oleron and the long sand
+(where a frigate may pass), you would be sure of keeping them in, by
+anchoring; but that would afford you little chance of taking
+Buonaparte, which is the thing to be desired; therefore I think you
+would be better off the light-house, where I dare say you keep
+yourself; and on that particular subject I do not think it necessary
+to give you any instructions, as I depend on your using the best means
+that can be adopted to intercept the fugitive; on whose captivity the
+repose of Europe appears to depend. If he should be taken, he is to be
+brought to me in this bay, as I have orders for his disposal; he is to
+be removed from the ship in which he may be found, to one of his
+Majesty's ships."
+
+Nothing of consequence occurred on the 9th; but on the 10th of July,
+at daylight, the officer of the watch informed me that a small
+schooner was standing out from the French squadron towards the ship:
+upon which I ordered everything to be ready for making sail in chace,
+supposing she might be sent for the purpose of reconnoitring. On
+approaching, she hoisted a flag of truce, and joined us at seven A.M.
+She proved to be the Mouche, tender to the ships of war at Isle d'Aix,
+and had on board, General Savary Duc de Rovigo, and Count Las Cases,
+chamberlain to Buonaparte, charged with a letter from Count Bertrand
+(Grand Marechal de Palais) addressed to the Admiral commanding the
+British Cruisers before the port of Rochefort.
+
+Soon after the Mouche arrived, I was joined by the Falmouth, bringing
+me a letter and secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham, some extracts
+from which I shall insert for the better understanding what follows,
+previous to entering into what passed with Buonaparte's attendants.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon; not dated, but
+must have been written on the 8th of July, 1815.
+
+
+"I sent a chasse-maree to you yesterday with a letter, and you will
+now receive by the Falmouth, officially, the orders which I therein
+made you acquainted with.
+
+"I send you four late and very interesting French papers, by which you
+will see all that has been done and said on the subject of providing
+for Buonaparte's escape from France: you will see that the Minister of
+the Marine had been directed to prepare ships of war for that purpose;
+that they were placed at Buonaparte's disposal; and that two frigates
+in particular had been provided for him: also that it was announced to
+the two Chambers, that he left Paris at four o'clock on the 29th;
+likewise that it was believed in Paris, he had taken the road by
+Orleans to Rochefort; and I have no doubt that the two frigates at
+Isle d'Aix are intended for him, and I hope you will think so too, and
+I am sure you will use your utmost endeavours to intercept him. I am
+sorry I have not a frigate to send you; I have literally none but the
+Endymion under my orders. Captain Paterson is off Brest, by Lord
+Keith's order; and the Phoebe is also ordered to that station, when
+the Hebrus arrives off the Gironde.
+
+"The attention at home appears to be paid chiefly to the ports in the
+Channel, but I have received no additional means whatever to guard
+those of the Bay. I have long been expecting a frigate from the Irish
+station, but none has yet appeared; and I have written to Lord Keith
+for two frigates; but they cannot join me in time, I fear."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated H.M.S.
+Superb, Quiberon Bay, 8th July, 1815.
+
+
+"The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having every reason to
+believe that Napoleon Buonaparte meditates his escape, with his
+family, from France to America, you are hereby required and directed,
+in pursuance of orders from their Lordships, signified to me by
+Admiral the Right Honourable Viscount Keith, to keep the most vigilant
+look-out for the purpose of intercepting him; and to make the
+strictest search of any vessel you may fall in with; and if you should
+be so fortunate as to intercept him, you are to transfer him and his
+family to the ship you command, and there keeping him in careful
+custody, return to the nearest port in England (going into Torbay in
+preference to Plymouth) with all possible expedition; and on your
+arrival you are not to permit any communication whatever with the
+shore, except as herein after directed; and you will be held
+responsible for keeping the whole transaction a profound secret, until
+you receive their Lordships' further orders.
+
+"In case you should arrive at a port where there is a flag-officer,
+you are to send to acquaint him with the circumstances, strictly
+charging the officer sent on shore with your letter, not to divulge
+its contents: and if there should be no flag-officer at the port where
+you arrive, you are to send one letter express to the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, and another to Admiral Lord Keith, with strict injunctions
+of secrecy to each officer who may be the bearer of them."
+
+Messrs Savary and Las Cases, who came on board, from the Schooner
+above mentioned, at seven o'clock on the 10th of July, presented the
+following letter to me:--
+
+
+                                                  "Le 9 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur l'Amiral,
+
+"L'Empereur Napoleon ayant abdique le pouvoir, et choisi les Etats
+Unis d'Amerique pour s'y refugier, s'est embarque sur les deux
+fregates qui sont dans cette rade, pour se rendre a sa destination. Il
+attend le sauf conduit du Gouvernement Anglais, qu'on lui a annonce,
+et qui me porte a expedier le present parlementaire, pour vous
+demander, Mons. l'Amiral, si vous avez connoissance du dit sauf
+conduit; ou si vous pensez qu'il soit dans l'intention du Gouvernement
+Anglais de se mettre de l'empechement a notre voyage aux Etats Unis.
+Je vous serai extremement oblige de me donner la-dessus les
+renseignemens que vous pouvez avoir.
+
+"Je charge les porteurs de la presente lettre de vous faire agreer
+mes remercimens et mes excuses, pour la peine qu'elle a pu vous
+donner.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'etre,
+        Monsieur l'Amiral,
+              de Votre Excellence, &c. &c.
+                                     Le Grand Marechal Cte. BERTRAND."
+
+"A Monsieur l'Amiral commandant les Croisieres avant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"The Emperor Napoleon having abdicated the throne of France, and
+chosen the United States of America as a retreat, is, with his suite,
+at present embarked on board the two frigates which are in this port,
+for the purpose of proceeding to his destination. He expects a
+passport from the British Government, which has been promised to him,
+and which induces me to send the present flag of truce, to demand of
+you, Sir, if you have any knowledge of the above-mentioned passport,
+or if you think it is the intention of the British Government to throw
+any impediment in the way of our voyage to the United States. I shall
+feel much obliged by your giving me any information you may possess on
+the subject.
+
+"I have directed the bearers of this letter to present to you my
+thanks, and to apologise for the trouble it may cause.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+       Your Excellency's most obedient, &c. &c.
+                                        Grand Marshal Count BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Admiral commanding the Squadron before Rochefort."
+
+
+The bearers of the letter had instructions to demand of me, whether I
+would prevent Buonaparte from proceeding in a neutral vessel, provided
+I could not permit the frigates to pass with him on board. Having
+received, in my orders, the strictest injunctions to secrecy, and
+feeling that the force on the coast, at my disposal, was insufficient
+to guard the different ports and passages from which an escape might
+be effected, particularly should the plan be adopted of putting to sea
+in a small vessel; I wrote the following reply to the above
+communication; hoping, by that means, to induce Napoleon to remain for
+the Admiral's answer, which would give time for the arrival of
+reinforcements.
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                       off Rochefort, July 10th, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday's date,
+addressed to the Admiral commanding the English cruisers before
+Rochefort, acquainting me that the Emperor, having abdicated the
+throne of France, and chosen the United States of America as an
+asylum, is now embarked on board the frigates, to proceed for that
+destination, and awaits a passport from the English Government; and
+requesting to know if I have any knowledge of such passport; or if I
+think it is the intention of the English Government to prevent the
+Emperor's voyage.
+
+"In reply, I have to acquaint you, that I cannot say what the
+intentions of my Government may be; but, the two countries being at
+present in a state of war, it is impossible for me to permit any ship
+of war to put to sea from the port of Rochefort.
+
+"As to the proposal made by the Duc de Rovigo and Count Las Cases, of
+allowing the Emperor to proceed in a merchant vessel; it is out of my
+power,--without the sanction of my commanding officer, Sir Henry
+Hotham, who is at present in Quiberon Bay, and to whom I have
+forwarded your despatch,--to allow any vessel, under whatever flag
+she may be, to pass with a personage of such consequence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                  Sir,
+          Your very humble servant,
+                  FRED. L. MAITLAND,
+          Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+"Le Grand Marechal Comte Bertrand."
+
+
+The Duke of Rovigo and Count Las Cases remained on board between two
+and three hours, during which time I had a great deal of conversation
+with them, on the state of affairs in France; in which they did all
+they could to impress me with the idea that Buonaparte was not reduced
+to the necessity of quitting Europe; but that, in doing so, he was
+actuated solely by motives of humanity; being unwilling, they said,
+that any further effusion of blood should take place on his account.
+They declared also, that his party was still very formidable in the
+centre and south of France, and that, if he choose to protract the
+war, he might still give a great deal of trouble; and that, although
+his ultimate success might not be probable, there was still a
+possibility of fortune turning in his favour, and therefore they
+argued it was the interest of England to allow him to proceed to
+America. To all this I could give little or no reply, being quite
+ignorant of what had occurred in France, further than the decisive
+victory obtained by the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. During the
+time the Frenchmen were with me, I received some French newspapers
+from Sir Henry Hotham; but my time was so fully occupied in writing to
+him, and in discussions with my visitors, that it was not in my power
+to read them: I therefore drew them back to the subject that had
+occasioned their visit, and said, "Supposing the British Government
+should be induced to grant a passport for Buonaparte's going to
+America, what pledge could he give that he would not return, and put
+England, as well as all Europe, to the same expense of blood and
+treasure that has just been incurred?"
+
+General Savary made the following reply: "When the Emperor first
+abdicated the throne of France, his removal was brought about by a
+faction, at the head of which was Talleyrand, and the sense of the
+nation was not consulted: but in the present instance he has
+voluntarily resigned the power. The influence he once had over the
+French people is past; a very considerable change has taken place in
+their sentiments towards him, since he went to Elba; and he could
+never regain the power he had over their minds: therefore he would
+prefer retiring into obscurity, where he might end his days in peace
+and tranquillity; and were he solicited to ascend the throne again, he
+would decline it."
+
+"If that is the case," I said, "why not ask an asylum in England?" He
+answered, "There are many reasons for his not wishing to reside in
+England: the climate is too damp and cold; it is too near France; he
+would be, as it were, in the centre of every change and revolution
+that might take place there, and would be subject to suspicion; he has
+been accustomed to consider the English as his most inveterate
+enemies, and they have been induced to look upon him as a monster,
+without one of the virtues of a human being."
+
+This conversation took place while I was writing my despatches to Sir
+Henry Hotham; and the Frenchmen were walking in the cabin, frequently
+interrupting me, to enforce their statement of Buonaparte's situation
+being by no means so desperate as might be supposed; from which I took
+the liberty of drawing a conclusion directly opposite to the one they
+were desirous of impressing on my mind.
+
+Captain Knight, of the Falmouth, who carried my despatches to the
+Admiral, was present during the whole of this conversation, but did
+not join in it. This was the first certain information I had received
+of Buonaparte's position since the battle of Waterloo.
+
+Tuesday, the 11th.--About noon, a small boat came off from the Island
+of Oleron, to where the ship was at anchor in Basque Roads, rowed by
+four men, in which sat two respectable-looking countrymen, who asked
+for the Captain; and upon my being pointed out to them, requested to
+speak with me in private. When shown into the cabin, where I went
+accompanied by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, they acquainted me,
+that a message had been sent from Isle d'Aix, early that morning, for
+a man who was considered the best pilot on the island for the Mamusson
+passage, being the only person that had ever taken a frigate through;
+that a large sum of money had been offered to him to pilot a vessel to
+sea from that passage, and that it certainly was Buonaparte's
+intention to escape from thence; either in the corvette, which had
+moved down some days before, or in a Danish brig, which was then lying
+at anchor near the entrance.
+
+On receiving this information, I immediately got under weigh, and
+though the flood-tide had just made in, beat the ships out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche before it was dark, when I sent the Myrmidon off
+the Mamusson, with orders to anchor close in with the entrance, when
+the weather would admit of it; while I remained with the Bellerophon
+and Slaney, which rejoined me that evening, under weigh between the
+light-houses.
+
+On the 12th of July, the Cyrus being seen in the offing, I ordered her
+by telegraph to take a position close in with the Baleine
+light-house, and to examine strictly every vessel that might attempt
+to put to sea from the Pertuis de Breton, as Buonaparte was on the
+spot, endeavouring to escape to America.
+
+The same evening, the white flag made its appearance for the first
+time on the towers of Rochelle; on seeing which, I felt it my duty to
+run into Basque Roads, accompanied by the Slaney; and having anchored,
+I hoisted the Bourbon colours at the main-top-gallant mast-head, and
+fired a royal salute. During the whole of this afternoon, however, two
+tri-coloured flags were kept flying in Rochelle; and before sunset all
+the white flags were struck, and every where replaced by those of
+Buonaparte.
+
+On the 13th of July, nothing of importance occurred, except the white
+flag being once more hoisted all over Rochelle, as well as on the
+Isle of Oleron, to the entire exclusion of the tri-coloured ensign. We
+could plainly perceive, that the frigates, from whom we were distant
+about three miles, were perfectly ready to put to sea, should an
+opportunity offer; having their sterns covered with vegetables, their
+top-gallant yards across, studding sail gear rove, and numerous boats
+passing between them and the island the whole day:--all indications,
+well known to professional men, of preparing for sea.
+
+The ships under my command were accordingly kept with slip buoys on
+their cables, and, as soon as it was dark, the top-sail and
+top-gallant yards were swayed to the mast-heads, the sails stopt with
+rope yarns, and every thing kept ready to make sail at a moment's
+warning. Guard-boats were also kept rowing all night, as near the
+frigates as they could venture, having signals established to show in
+the event of the enemy getting under sail.
+
+On the 14th of July, at daybreak, the officer of the watch informed
+me, that the Mouche was standing out from Isle d'Aix, bearing a flag
+of truce, which I ordered to be accepted. Here it is necessary to
+mention, that the British flag of truce, being a white flag at the
+fore-top-gallant mast-head, which was also hoisted as a matter of
+course when Buonaparte was received on board, has by some persons been
+construed into the Bourbon flag, and thence into an intentional insult
+to him. It never was my intention, nor do I believe it could have been
+that of any British officer, to treat with insult any fallen enemy,
+much less one who had shown such confidence as to throw himself on the
+protection of his former foe.
+
+When the schooner, the Mouche, reached the ship, Count Las Cases came
+on board, attended by General Count Lallemand. This meeting was highly
+interesting to me, as Lallemand had been a prisoner for three weeks in
+the Camelion under my command in Egypt, with Junot, whose Aid-de-Camp
+he then was; and General Savary, who accompanied Count Las Cases in
+his first visit to the Bellerophon, had lived nearly as long at Sir
+Sydney Smith's table with me, at the Turkish camp at El Arish, when
+the convention, which takes its name from that place, was under
+discussion, being Aid-de-Camp to General Dessaix, who negotiated on
+the part of the French.
+
+On their coming on board, I made the signal for the Captain of the
+Slaney, being desirous of having a witness to any conversation that
+might pass, as our communications were chiefly verbal: he arrived
+while we were at breakfast.
+
+When Count Las Cases came on the quarter-deck, he informed me that he
+was sent off to learn whether I had received an answer from the
+Admiral to the letter he had brought off on the 10th instant. I told
+him that I had not, but, in consequence of the despatch which I had
+forwarded to him, I had not a doubt he would immediately repair here
+in person, and I was hourly in expectation of seeing him, adding, "If
+that was the only reason you had for sending off a flag of truce, it
+was quite unnecessary, as I informed you, when last here, that the
+Admiral's answer, when it arrived, should be forwarded to the frigates
+by one of the Bellerophon's boats; and I do not approve of frequent
+communications with an enemy by means of flags of truce." I then went
+into the cabin and ordered breakfast, to prevent further discussion
+until the arrival of Captain Sartorius.
+
+When breakfast was over, we retired to the after-cabin. Count Las
+Cases then said, "The Emperor is so anxious to spare the further
+effusion of human blood, that he will proceed to America in any way
+the British Government chooses to sanction, either in a French ship of
+war, a vessel armed _en flute_, a merchant vessel, or even in a
+British ship of war." To this I answered, "I have no authority to
+agree to any arrangement of that sort, nor do I believe my Government
+would consent to it; but I think I may venture to receive him into
+this ship, and convey him to England: if, however," I added, "he
+adopts that plan, I cannot enter into any promise, as to the reception
+he may meet with, as, even in the case I have mentioned, I shall be
+acting on my own responsibility, and cannot be sure that it would meet
+with the approbation of the British Government."
+
+There was a great deal of conversation on this subject, in the course
+of which Lucien Buonaparte's name was mentioned, and the manner in
+which he had lived in England alluded to; but I invariably assured Las
+Cases most explicitly, that I had no authority to make conditions of
+any sort, as to Napoleon's reception in England. In fact, I could not
+have done otherwise, since, with the exception of the order inserted
+at page 24, I had no instructions for my guidance, and was, of course,
+in total ignorance of the intention of His Majesty's ministers as to
+his future disposal. One of the last observations Las Cases made
+before quitting the ship was, "Under all circumstances, I have little
+doubt that you will see the Emperor on board the Bellerophon;" and, in
+fact, Buonaparte must have determined on that step before Las Cases
+came on board, as his letter to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent
+is dated the 13th of July, the day before this conversation.
+
+During the above-mentioned conversation, I asked Las Cases where
+Buonaparte then was? He replied, "At Rochefort; I left him there
+yesterday evening." General Lallemand then said, "The Emperor lives at
+the Hotel in the Grand Place, and is now so popular there, that the
+inhabitants assemble every evening in front of the house, for the
+purpose of seeing him, and crying, 'Vive l'Empereur!'"
+
+I then asked how long it would take to go there: Las Cases answered,
+"As the tide will be against us, it will require five or six hours."
+Why these false statements were made, I cannot pretend to say; but it
+is very certain that Buonaparte never quitted the frigates or Isle
+d'Aix, after his arrival there on the 3rd of July.
+
+General Lallemand took occasion to ask me if I thought there would be
+any risk of the people, who might accompany Buonaparte, being given
+up to the Government of France: I replied, "Certainly not; the British
+Government never could think of doing so, under the circumstances
+contemplated in the present arrangement."
+
+They left me about half-past nine A.M. In the course of the day, I was
+joined by the Myrmidon, Captain Gambier, who had been sent to me by
+Captain Green, of the Daphne, with a letter he had received from
+Captain Aylmer, of the Pactolus, in the Gironde, bringing information
+that it was the intention of Buonaparte to escape from Rochefort in a
+Danish sloop, concealed in a cask stowed in the ballast, with tubes so
+constructed as to convey air for his breathing. I afterwards inquired
+of General Savary, if there had been any foundation for such a report;
+when he informed me that the plan had been thought of, and the vessel
+in some measure prepared; but it was considered too hazardous; for had
+we detained the vessel for a day or two, he would have been obliged
+to make his situation known, and thereby forfeited all claims to the
+good treatment he hoped to ensure by a voluntary surrender.
+
+The two Captains dined with me, and afterwards went on board the
+Myrmidon, to take up a position to the north-east of the Bellerophon,
+to prevent vessels from passing close in shore, and thus to render the
+blockade of the port more complete.
+
+Soon after they left me, a barge was perceived rowing off from the
+frigates towards the Bellerophon with a flag-of-truce up; on which I
+recalled Captains Sartorius and Gambier, by signal, that they might be
+present at any communication that was to be made. The boat got
+alongside about seven P.M. and brought Count Las Cases, accompanied by
+General Baron Gourgaud, one of Buonaparte's Aid-de-Camps. On their
+coming on deck, I immediately addressed Las Cases, saying, "It is
+impossible you could have been at Rochefort, and returned, since you
+left me this morning." He replied, "No; it was not necessary; I found
+the Emperor at Isle d'Aix, on my arrival there." He then told me, he
+was charged with a letter from General Bertrand. We walked into the
+cabin, when he delivered it to me; it was as follows:--
+
+
+                                                 "Le 14 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur le Commandant,
+
+"Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases a rendu compte a l'Empereur de la
+conversation qu'il a eue ce matin a votre bord. S. M. se rendra a la
+maree de demain, vers quatre ou cinq heures du matin, a bord de votre
+vaisseau. Je vous envoye Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases, Conseiller
+d'Etat, faisant fonction de Marechal de Logis, avec la liste des
+personnes composant la suite de S. M. Si l'Amiral, en consequence de
+la demande que vous lui avez adressee, vous envoye le sauf conduit
+demande pour les Etats Unis, S. M. s'y rendra avec plaisir; mais au
+defaut du sauf conduit, il se rendra volontiers en Angleterre, comme
+simple particulier, pour y jouir de la protection des loix de votre
+pays.
+
+"S. M. a expedie Monsieur le Marechal de Camp Baron Gourgaud aupres du
+Prince Regent, avec une lettre, dont j'ai l'honneur de vous envoyer
+copie, vous priant de la faire passer au Ministre auquel vous croyez
+necessaire d'envoyer cet officier general, afin qu'il ait l'honneur de
+remettre au Prince Regent la lettre dont il est charge.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'etre,
+        Monsieur le Commandant,
+            Votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur,
+                                      Le Grand Marechal,
+                                                      COMTE BERTRAND."
+
+"A Monsieur le Commandant des Croisieres devant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases has reported to the Emperor the conversation which he
+had with you this morning. His Majesty will proceed on board your ship
+with the ebb tide to-morrow morning, between four and five o'clock.
+
+"I send the Count Las Cases, Counsellor of State, doing the duty of
+Marechal de Logis, with the list of persons composing His Majesty's
+suite.
+
+"If the Admiral, in consequence of the despatch you forwarded to him,
+should send the passport for the United States therein demanded, His
+Majesty will be happy to repair to America; but should the passport be
+withheld, he will willingly proceed to England, as a private
+individual, there to enjoy the protection of the laws of your
+country.
+
+"His Majesty has despatched Major General Baron Gourgaud to the Prince
+Regent with a letter, a copy of which I have the honour to enclose,
+requesting that you will forward it to such one of the ministers as
+you may think it necessary to send that general officer, that he may
+have the honour of delivering the letter with which he is charged to
+the Prince Regent.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        Sir,
+                          Your very humble servant,
+                                                      COUNT BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Officer commanding the Cruizers off Rochefort."
+
+
+_List of persons composing the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte, enclosed
+in the above Letter, and the manner in which they were distributed
+during the passage to England._
+
+
+BELLEROPHON.
+
+_Generaux._
+
+  Le Lieutenant General Comte Bertrand, Gd. Marechal.
+  Le Lieutenant General Duc de Rovigo.
+  Le Lieutenant General Baron Lallemand Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Marechal de Camp Comte de Montholon Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases Conseiller d'Etat.
+
+_Dames._
+
+  Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Enfans._
+
+  3 Enfans de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Enfant de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  M. de Planat, Lieutenant-Colonel.
+  M. Maingaut, Chirurgien de S. M.
+  M. Las Cases, Page.
+
+_Service de la Chambre._
+
+  M. M. Marchand               1 Valet de Chambre.
+  Gilli                        Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis                     Valet de Chambre.
+  Novarra                      Idem.
+  Denis                        Garcon de Garderobe.
+
+_Livree._
+
+  Archambaud                   1 Valet de pied.
+  Gaudron                      Valet de pied.
+  Gentilini                    Id.
+
+_Service de la Bouche._
+
+  M. M. Fontain                1 Maitre d'Hotel.
+  Pieron                       Chef d'Office.
+  La Fosse                     Cuisinier.
+  Le Page                      Idem.
+
+  2 Femmes de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Femme de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M._
+
+  1 Valet de Chambre           du Duc de Rovigo.
+  1 do.                        du Comte Bertrand.
+  1 do.                        du Comte de Montholon.
+  1 Valet de pied              du Comte Bertrand.
+      Total 7.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  Generaux                                     5
+  Dames                                        2
+  Enfans                                       4
+  Officiers                                    3
+  Service de la Chambre de S. M.               5
+  Livree de S. M.                              3
+  Service de la Bouche                         4
+  Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M.   7
+                                              --
+  Total                                       33
+                                              --
+
+
+LA CORVETTE.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Resigni.
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Schultz.
+  Le Capitaine                 Autrie.
+  Le Capitaine                 Mesener.
+  Le Capitaine                 Prontowski.
+  Le Lieutenant                Riviere.
+  Le Sous Lieutenant           Ste Catherine.
+
+_Suite de S. M._
+
+  Capriani                     Maitre d'Hotel.
+  Santini                      Huissier.
+  Chauvin                      Id.
+  Rousseau                     Lampiste.
+  Archambaud                   Valet de pied.
+  Joseph                       Id.
+  Le Charron                   Id.
+  Lisiaux                      Garde d'Office.
+  Ortini                       Valet de pied.
+  Fumeau                       Idem.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  Officiers                                    7
+  Suite                                       10
+                                              --
+  Total                                       17
+                                              --
+
+
+Enclosed was likewise a copy of the well-known letter addressed by
+Buonaparte to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent.
+
+"Altesse Royale,
+
+"En butte aux factions qui divisent mon pays et a l'inimitie des plus
+grandes puissances de l'Europe, j'ai termine ma carriere politique, et
+je viens comme Themistocle m'asseoir sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Je me mets sous la protection de ses loix, que je reclame
+de votre Altesse Royale, comme au plus puissant, au plus constant, et
+au plus genereux de mes Ennemis."
+
+  "Rochefort, 13 Juillet, 1815,
+                                                    "Signe, NAPOLEON."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+                                          "Rochefort, July 13th, 1815.
+
+"Your Royal Highness,
+
+"A victim to the factions which distract my country, and to the enmity
+of the greatest powers of Europe, I have terminated my political
+career, and I come, like Themistocles, to throw myself upon the
+hospitality of the British people. I put myself under the protection
+of their laws; which I claim from your Royal Highness, as the most
+powerful, the most constant, and the most generous of my enemies.
+
+                                                            NAPOLEON."
+
+
+On reading the above, I told Monsieur Las Cases that I would receive
+Buonaparte on board, and immediately forward General Gourgaud to
+England by the Slaney, along with my despatches to the Admiralty; but
+that he would not be allowed to land until permission was received
+from London, or the sanction of the Admiral at the port he might
+arrive at obtained. I assured him, however, that the copy of the
+letter with which he was charged would be forwarded without loss of
+time, and presented by the Ministers to his Royal Highness. Count Las
+Cases then asked for paper, that he might communicate by letter to
+Bertrand my acquiescence in the proposal he had brought, for my
+receiving, and conveying to England, Buonaparte and his suite.
+
+When General Gourgaud was about to write the letter, to prevent any
+future misunderstanding, I said, "Monsieur Las Cases, you will
+recollect that I am not authorised to stipulate as to the reception of
+Buonaparte in England, but that he must consider himself entirely at
+the disposal of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent." He answered, "I
+am perfectly aware of that, and have already acquainted the Emperor
+with what you said on the subject."
+
+It might, perhaps, have been better if this declaration had been given
+in an official written form; and could I have foreseen the discussions
+which afterwards took place, and which will appear in the sequel, I
+undoubtedly should have done so; but as I repeatedly made it in the
+presence of witnesses, it did not occur to me as being necessary; and
+how could a stronger proof be adduced, that no stipulations were
+agreed to respecting the reception of Buonaparte in England, than the
+fact of their not being reduced to writing? which certainly would have
+been the case had any favourable terms been demanded on the part of
+Monsieur Las Cases, and agreed to by me.
+
+The French boat was soon after despatched with the letter to Bertrand,
+in charge of a French naval officer, who had attended Las Cases on
+board; and as soon as I had finished the following despatch to the
+Secretary of the Admiralty, I sent Captain Sartorius, of the Slaney,
+to England, accompanied by General Gourgaud.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of His Majesty's ship
+Bellerophon, addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, dated in
+Basque Roads, 14th July, 1815.
+
+
+"For the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I
+have to acquaint you that the Count Las Cases and General Lallemand
+this day came on board His Majesty's ship under my command, with a
+proposal from Count Bertrand for me to receive on board Napoleon
+Buonaparte, for the purpose of throwing himself on the generosity of
+the Prince Regent. Conceiving myself authorised by their Lordships'
+secret order, I have acceded to the proposal, and he is to embark on
+board this ship to-morrow morning. That no misunderstanding might
+arise, I have explicitly and clearly explained to Count Las Cases,
+that I have no authority whatever for granting terms of any sort, but
+that all I can do is to carry him and his suite to England, to be
+received in such manner as his Royal Highness may deem expedient.
+
+"At Napoleon Buonaparte's request, and that their Lordships may be in
+possession of the transaction at as early a period as possible, I
+despatch the Slaney (with General Gourgaud, his Aide de Camp),
+directing Captain Sartorius to put into the nearest port, and forward
+this letter by his first Lieutenant, and shall in compliance with
+their Lordships' orders proceed to Torbay, to await such directions as
+the Admiralty may think proper to give.
+
+"Enclosed, I transmit a copy of the letter with which General
+Gourgaud is charged, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and
+request that you will acquaint their Lordships, that the General
+informs me, he is entrusted with further particulars, which he is
+anxious to communicate to his Royal Highness."
+
+When these gentlemen had left the ship, as well as the Saale's barge,
+I said to Monsieur Las Cases, I propose dividing the after-cabin in
+two, that the ladies may have the use of one part of it. "If you allow
+me to give an opinion," said he, "the Emperor will be better pleased
+to have the whole of the after-cabin to himself, as he is fond of
+walking about, and will by that means be able to take more exercise."
+I answered, "As it is my wish to treat him with every possible
+consideration while he is on board the ship I command, I shall make
+any arrangement you think will be most agreeable to him."
+
+This is the only conversation that ever passed on the subject of the
+cabin; and I am the more particular in stating it, as Buonaparte has
+been described, in some of the public Journals, as having taken
+possession of it in a most brutal way, saying, "Tout ou rien pour
+moi:"--All or nothing for me. I here therefore, once for all, beg to
+state most distinctly, that, from the time of his coming on board my
+ship, to the period of his quitting her, his conduct was invariably
+that of a gentleman; and in no one instance do I recollect him to have
+made use of a rude expression, or to have been guilty of any kind of
+ill-breeding.
+
+As the ship had for some time been kept clear for action, with all the
+bulkheads down, it became necessary to prepare for the reception of so
+many guests, by putting the cabins up again: in consequence of making
+the requisite arrangements, it was past one o'clock in the morning
+before I could get to bed. About ten at night, the officer of the
+watch informed me that a boat from the shore had asked permission to
+come alongside. A man being allowed to come on board from her; "I am
+sent off from Rochelle," said he, "to inform you that Buonaparte this
+morning passed that town in a chasse-maree, with another in company,
+for the purpose of escaping to sea by the Pertuis de Breton: he is now
+in that passage, and means to set sail this night." I told him, "that
+I doubted his information, having at that moment one of his attendants
+on board, who had come with a proposal for me to receive him into the
+ship." I then asked him how he came by his intelligence? He answered,
+"The vessels passed close to a boat that I was in; and I saw a man
+wrapt up in a sailor's great coat, whom one of the people with me
+asserted to be him: for my part, I am not acquainted with his
+appearance, never having seen him; but when the owner of the vessels
+attempted to go on board of them, he was kept off, and told that they
+were required for two or three days, when they would be restored with
+ample payment." He told his story so circumstantially, and with such
+confidence, that I feared there must be grounds for what he stated;
+and the anxiety of my situation may be easily conceived, when it is
+recollected that I had sent off a ship to England with despatches,
+announcing the intention of Buonaparte to embark the following morning
+in the Bellerophon. After a little consideration, I determined to
+inform Las Cases abruptly of the intelligence I had received, and
+endeavour to judge by the effect it had on his countenance, whether
+there was any truth in the report or not. I accordingly went into the
+cabin and did so; he seemed perfectly calm and collected, saying,
+"Pray at what hour does your informant state the Emperor to have
+passed Rochelle?" "At ten A.M." "Then I can safely assert, on my
+honour, that he was not in either of those vessels. I left him at
+half-past five this evening, when it was his full intention to come on
+board this ship to-morrow morning; what he may have done since that
+hour, I cannot be responsible for." I answered, "As you give your word
+of honour that Buonaparte had not left Isle d'Aix when you quitted it,
+I shall trust to what you say, and take no steps in consequence of the
+information that has been brought to me, but conclude it has
+originated in some mistake."
+
+About three in the morning, the officer of the watch awoke me, and
+said that another boat wished to come alongside. I rose and went upon
+deck immediately, and found that she brought the same intelligence
+from another quarter; and they both eventually proved correct, to a
+certain extent: for two chasse-marees, as I was afterwards informed,
+had been prepared, manned, and officered from the frigates, to be used
+as a last resource to attempt an escape in, in the event of Las
+Cases' mission to the Bellerophon not being successful; and they had
+actually passed Rochelle, in their way to Pointeau d'Aguillon, at the
+hour specified, and were there to await his joining them should it
+prove necessary.[3]
+
+         [Footnote 3: Chasse-Marees are small decked vessels, rigged
+         as luggers; they are generally from twenty to thirty-five
+         tons burthen, and are used almost exclusively for the
+         coasting trade of France. Though there is no doubt that,
+         during the summer months, a vessel of this description might
+         succeed in making the voyage to America; yet if we take into
+         consideration the indolent habits that Buonaparte had of late
+         years given way to; the very small space for the
+         accommodation of himself and suite, and for the stowage of
+         provisions, water, and other necessaries; that there was no
+         friendly port he could have touched at, to gain
+         supplies;--the utter impracticability of his reaching his
+         destination in a vessel of that description, even if he had
+         eluded the vigilance of our cruisers, will at once be evident
+         to every one.]
+
+After I had determined to abide by Las Cases' assurance, that
+Buonaparte had not quitted Isle d'Aix, I enquired of the person who
+brought off the information in the evening, "What was the state of
+Rochelle, and whether I might with safety send a boat there to
+purchase refreshments?" as the white flag was then hoisted all over
+the town; he said, "he would not recommend it, as, though the
+towns-people were well inclined towards the Bourbon family, the
+garrison, consisting of four thousand men, were all attached to
+Buonaparte; but if he were once on board the ship, there would be no
+risk in doing so, as their fear of his meeting with bad treatment
+would keep the soldiers in awe."
+
+At break of day, on the 15th of July, 1815, l'Epervier French brig of
+war was discovered under sail, standing out towards the ship, with a
+flag of truce up; and at the same time the Superb, bearing Sir Henry
+Hotham's flag, was seen in the offing. By half-past five the ebb-tide
+failed, the wind was blowing right in, and the brig, which was within
+a mile of us, made no further progress; while the Superb was
+advancing with the wind and tide in her favour. Thus situated, and
+being most anxious to terminate the affair I had brought so near a
+conclusion, previous to the Admiral's arrival, I sent off Mr Mott, the
+First Lieutenant, in the barge, who returned soon after six o'clock,
+bringing Napoleon with him.
+
+On coming on board the Bellerophon, he was received without any of the
+honours generally paid to persons of high rank; the guard was drawn
+out on the break of the poop, but did not present arms. His Majesty's
+Government had merely given directions, in the event of his being
+captured, for his being removed into any one of his Majesty's ships
+that might fall in with him; but no instructions had been given as to
+the light in which he was to be viewed. As it is not customary,
+however, on board a British ship of war, to pay any such honours
+before the colours are hoisted at eight o'clock in the morning, or
+after sunset, I made the early hour an excuse for withholding them
+upon this occasion.
+
+Buonaparte's dress was an olive-coloured great coat over a green
+uniform, with scarlet cape and cuffs, green lapels turned back and
+edged with scarlet, skirts hooked back with bugle horns embroidered in
+gold, plain sugar-loaf buttons and gold epaulettes; being the uniform
+of the Chasseur a Cheval of the Imperial Guard. He wore the star, or
+grand cross of the Legion of Honour, and the small cross of that
+order; the Iron Crown; and the Union, appended to the button-hole of
+his left lapel. He had on a small cocked hat, with a tri-coloured
+cockade; plain gold-hilted sword, military boots, and white waistcoat
+and breeches. The following day he appeared in shoes, with gold
+buckles, and silk stockings--the dress he always wore afterwards,
+while with me.
+
+On leaving the Epervier, he was cheered by her ship's company as long
+as the boat was within hearing; and Mr Mott informed me that most of
+the officers and men had tears in their eyes.
+
+General Bertrand came first up the ship's side, and said to me, "The
+Emperor is in the boat." He then ascended, and, when he came on the
+quarter-deck, pulled off his hat, and, addressing me in a firm tone of
+voice, said, "I am come to throw myself on the protection of your
+Prince and laws." When I showed him into the cabin, he looked round
+and said, "Une belle chambre," "This is a handsome cabin." I answered,
+"Such as it is, Sir, it is at your service while you remain on board
+the ship I command." He then looked at a portrait that was hanging
+up, and said, "Qui est cette jeune personne?" "Who is that young
+lady?" "My wife," I replied. "Ah! elle est tres jeune et tres jolie,"
+"Ah! she is both young and pretty."[4] He then asked what countrywoman
+she was, begged to know if I had any children, and put a number of
+questions respecting my country, and the service I had seen. He next
+requested I would send for the officers, and introduce them to him:
+which was done according to their rank. He asked several questions of
+each, as to the place of his birth, the situation he held in the ship,
+the length of time he had served, and the actions he had been in. He
+then expressed a desire to go round the ship; but, as the men had not
+done cleaning, I told him it was customary to clean the lower decks
+immediately after their breakfast, that they were then so employed,
+and, if he would defer visiting the ship until they had finished, he
+would see her to more advantage.
+
+         [Footnote 4: I have been induced to insert Buonaparte's
+         observation on Mrs M.'s portrait, as well as one he made on
+         seeing her alongside of the Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, as
+         they show, in a strong point of view, a peculiar trait in his
+         character; that of making a favourable impression on those
+         with whom he conversed, by seizing every opportunity of
+         saying what he considered would be pleasing and flattering to
+         their feelings.
+
+         [I have passed over the important and interesting passage
+         respecting Mrs M. I trust she will consent it should remain,
+         for I think everything connected with such a remarkable
+         passage of history becomes historical. Perhaps it will
+         somewhat change the view of the subject, and relieve Mrs M.'s
+         delicacy, if we consider it not as immediately applicable to
+         Mrs M. personally, but as a point illustrative of Bonaparte's
+         address. It was of importance to him to secure Capt.
+         Maitland's good opinion, and he took a delicate and ingenious
+         way of giving pleasure. I have always understood that there
+         could be only one opinion of the justice of the compliment,
+         yet I think the praise would have been bestowed even had the
+         portrait less charm. I do pray that Mrs M. will consent to be
+         _immortal_.--SCOTT.]]
+
+At this time I proposed to him to allow me to address him in English,
+as I had heard he understood that language, and I had considerable
+difficulty in expressing myself in French. He replied in French, "The
+thing is impossible; I hardly understand a word of your language:" and
+from the observations I had an opportunity of making afterwards, I am
+satisfied he made a correct statement, as, on looking into books or
+newspapers, he frequently asked the meaning of the most common word.
+He spoke his own language with a rapidity that at first made it
+difficult to follow him; and it was several days before I got so far
+accustomed to his manner of speaking, as to comprehend his meaning
+immediately.
+
+In about a quarter of an hour, he again intimated a desire to go round
+the ship; and although I told him he would find the men rubbing and
+scouring, he persisted in his wish of seeing her in the state she then
+was. He accordingly went over all her decks, asking me many questions;
+more particularly about any thing that appeared to him different from
+what he had been accustomed to see in French ships of war. He seemed
+most struck with the cleanliness and neatness of the men, saying "that
+our seamen were surely a different class of people from the French;
+and that he thought it was owing to them we were always victorious at
+sea." I answered, "I must beg leave to differ with you: I do not wish
+to take from the merit of our men; but my own opinion is, that perhaps
+we owe our advantage to the superior experience of the officers; and I
+believe the French seamen, if taken as much pains with, would look as
+well as ours. As British ships of war are constantly at sea, the
+officers have nothing to divert their attention from them and their
+men; and in consequence, not only is their appearance more attended
+to, but they are much better trained to the service they have to
+perform."
+
+"I believe you are right," said he. He then went on to talk of
+several naval actions; adding, "Your laws are either more severe, or
+better administered, than ours; there are many instances of French
+officers having conducted themselves ill in battle, without my being
+able to punish them as they deserved:" among others, he mentioned the
+names of two naval officers; and speaking of one of them, said, "He
+ought to have suffered death, and I did all I could to bring it about,
+but he was tried by a French naval court-martial, which only dismissed
+him the service." I observed, "The laws appear sometimes to be
+administered with more than sufficient severity. I commanded a frigate
+in the affair of Basque Roads; and in my opinion, the sentence of
+death on the Captain of the Calcutta was unjust: he could do no more
+to save his ship, and she was defended better and longer than any one
+there." He answered, "You are not aware of the circumstances that
+occasioned his condemnation; he was the first man to quit his ship,
+which was fought some time by her officers and crew after he had left
+her."
+
+He next said, "I can see no sufficient reason why your ships should
+beat the French with so much ease. The finest men of war in your
+service are French; a French ship is heavier in every respect than one
+of yours, she carries more guns, those guns of a larger calibre, and
+has a great many more men." I replied, "I have already accounted for
+it to you, in the superior experience of our men and officers." "I
+understand," said he, "from some Frenchmen who were on board your ship
+for several days,[5] that you take great pains in exercising your
+guns, and training your men to fire at a mark." I answered, "I did so,
+because I considered it of the greatest importance;" and I added,
+"that if the frigates had attempted to put to sea, he would probably
+have had an opportunity of seeing the effect of it." He asked me "if I
+thought two frigates, with four-and-twenty pounders on their main
+decks,[6] were a match for a seventy-four gun ship; and whether it was
+my opinion, if he had attempted to force a passage in the ships at
+Isle d'Aix, it would have been attended with success." I replied,
+"that the fire of a two-deck ship was so much more compact, and
+carried such an immense weight of iron, in proportion to that of a
+frigate, and there was so much difficulty in bringing two or three
+ships to act with effect at the same time upon one, that I scarcely
+considered three frigates a match for one line-of-battle ship;--that,
+with respect to forcing a passage past the Bellerophon, it must have
+depended greatly on accident, but the chances were much against it; as
+the frigates would have had to beat out against the wind for three or
+four leagues, though a narrow passage, exposed to the fire of a
+seventy-four gun ship, which, from being to windward, would have had
+the power of taking the position most advantageous for herself." He
+then said, reverting to what had passed before about firing at marks,
+"You have a great advantage over France in your finances: I have long
+wished to introduce the use of powder and shot in exercise; but the
+expense was too great for the country to bear." He examined the sights
+on the guns, and approved of them highly; asked the weight of metal on
+the different decks, disapproving of the mixture of different calibres
+on the quarter-deck and forecastle. I told him the long nines were
+placed in the way of the rigging, that they might carry the fire from
+the explosion clear of it, which a carronade would not do: he
+answered, "That may be necessary, but it must be attended with
+inconvenience." His enquiries were generally much to the purpose, and
+showed that he had given naval matters a good deal of consideration.
+
+         [Footnote 5: They were part of the officers and crew of the
+         AEneas store-ship, mentioned as having been detained on the
+         18th of June, who were on board the Bellerophon about a week,
+         and were landed at Isle d'Aix, in a chasse-maree, a few days
+         before Buonaparte's arrival there.]
+
+         [Footnote 6: I was afterwards told, that one of the frigates,
+         at Isle d'Aix, had changed her eighteen pounders for
+         twenty-fours.]
+
+On seeing the additional supply of wads for each deck made up along
+with the shot-boxes, in the form of sophas, with neat canvass covers,
+he observed, "The French ships of war have all the preparations for
+action that you have, but they have not the way of combining
+appearance with utility."
+
+We had breakfast about nine o'clock, in the English style, consisting
+of tea, coffee, cold meat, &c. He did not eat much, or seem to relish
+it; and when, on enquiry, I found he was accustomed to have a hot meal
+in the morning, I immediately ordered my steward to allow his Maitre
+d'Hotel to give directions, that he might invariably be served in the
+manner he had been used to; and after that we always lived in the
+French fashion, as far as I could effect that object.
+
+During breakfast he asked many questions about English customs,
+saying, "I must now learn to conform myself to them, as I shall
+probably pass the remainder of my life in England."
+
+The Superb, as I before observed, had been seen in the offing early in
+the morning, and was now approaching with a light breeze: he asked two
+or three times how soon she would anchor, seemed very anxious to know
+whether the Admiral would approve of my having received him; and when
+I went to wait on Sir Henry Hotham, requested I would say he was
+desirous of seeing him.
+
+The Superb anchored about half-past ten, and I immediately went on
+board, and gave the Admiral an account of all that had occurred,
+adding, "I trust I have done right, and that the Government will
+approve of my conduct, as I considered it of much importance to
+prevent Buonaparte's escape to America, and to get possession of his
+person." Sir Henry Hotham said, "Getting hold of him on any terms
+would have been of the greatest consequence; but as you have entered
+into no conditions whatever, there cannot be a doubt that you will
+obtain the approbation of his Majesty's Government."
+
+He then said, "How do you feel as to keeping him? would you like to
+part with him?" "Certainly not," was my answer: "as I have had all the
+anxiety and responsibility of conducting this matter to an issue, I am
+of course desirous of taking him to England; but, as I do not wish to
+keep him, or any man, in my ship against his will, if he desires to
+remove into another, I shall certainly not object."
+
+I then delivered Buonaparte's message, that he was desirous of
+receiving a visit from the Admiral, who said he would wait upon him
+with much pleasure.
+
+I soon after returned to the Bellerophon, and told Buonaparte that the
+Admiral meant to wait on him; upon which he desired Count Bertrand to
+go and pay his respects to Sir Henry. I accompanied him, and while the
+Admiral was preparing for his visit, Captain Senhouse attended General
+Bertrand through the ship.
+
+In the afternoon, Sir Henry Hotham, accompanied by Captain Senhouse,
+and Mr Irving, his secretary, came on board the Bellerophon. They were
+introduced to Buonaparte by General Bertrand, in the after-cabin,
+where he had a good deal of conversation with them: he showed his
+portable library, which was laid out in small travelling cases round
+the cabin; asked various questions, principally relative to the
+discipline and regulation of our ships of war, and finally invited
+them all to remain to dinner.
+
+Dinner was served about five o'clock upon Buonaparte's plate. This was
+arranged by his Maitre d'Hotel, whom I had told to regulate every
+thing in the manner most likely to be agreeable to his master.
+
+When dinner was announced, Buonaparte, viewing himself as a Royal
+personage, which he continued to do while on board the Bellerophon,
+and which, under the circumstances, I considered it would have been
+both ungracious and uncalled for in me to have disputed, led the way
+into the dining-room. He seated himself in the centre at one side of
+the table, requesting Sir Henry Hotham to sit at his right hand, and
+Madame Bertrand on his left. For that day I sat as usual at the head
+of the table, but on the following day, and every other, whilst
+Buonaparte remained on board, I sat by his request at his right hand,
+and General Bertrand took the top. Two of the ward-room officers dined
+daily at the table, by invitation from Buonaparte, conveyed through
+Count Bertrand.
+
+He conversed a great deal, and showed no depression of spirits: among
+other things, he asked me where I was born. I told him, in Scotland.
+"Have you any property there?" said he. "No, I am a younger brother,
+and they do not bestow much on people of that description in
+Scotland." "Is your elder brother a Lord?" "No, Lord Lauderdale is the
+head of our family." "Ah! you are a relation of Lord Lauderdale's! he
+is an acquaintance of mine, he was sent Ambassador from your King to
+me, when Mr Fox was Prime Minister: had Mr Fox lived, it never would
+have come to this, but his death put an end to all hopes of peace.
+Milord Lauderdale est un bon garcon;" adding, "I think you resemble
+him a little, though he is dark and you are fair."[7]
+
+         [Footnote 7: [It was an odd idea that you should be like Lord
+         Lauderdale.--SCOTT.]]
+
+When dinner was over, a cup of strong coffee was handed round; he then
+rose and went into the after-cabin, asking the Admiral and all the
+party to accompany him, the ladies among the rest. This was the only
+time I ever saw them in the apartment in which he slept.
+
+After some conversation, he said, in a cheerful and playful way, that
+he would show us his camp bed; and sent for Marchand, his premier
+valet de chambre, who received his order, and soon returned with two
+small packages in leather cases; one of which contained the bedstead,
+which was composed of steel, and, when packed up, was not above two
+feet long and eighteen inches in circumference; the other contained
+the mattress and curtains, the latter of green silk. In three minutes
+the whole was put together, and formed a very elegant small bed, about
+thirty inches wide.
+
+He then went out, and walked the quarter-deck for some time, and
+retired to his cabin about half-past seven o'clock. Soon after, when
+the Admiral was going to return to his ship, he proposed to Bertrand
+to take leave of him. He went into the cabin, but returned immediately
+with an apology, saying he was undressed, and going to bed.
+
+In the course of the afternoon, the Admiral invited Buonaparte, with
+the ladies and all his principal officers, to breakfast, the following
+day: which invitation was accepted, apparently, with much
+satisfaction.
+
+When I went on deck, early the next morning, (the 16th of July) I
+observed that the Superb had the tompions out of her guns, and the man
+ropes on her yards, as if for the purpose of saluting and manning
+ships; and as I had received Buonaparte without even the guard
+presenting arms, I felt that he might conceive I had intentionally
+treated him with disrespect. I therefore sent the officer of the watch
+with my compliments to Sir Henry Hotham, and begged to know if it was
+his intention to salute Buonaparte on his going on board, and to
+receive him with manned yards; and, if so, whether I was to do the
+same, on his quitting the Bellerophon. He sent for answer, that it was
+not his intention to salute, but he meant to man ship; that I was not
+to do so on his quitting the Bellerophon, but was at liberty to man
+yards on his return. I likewise received directions from the Admiral
+to hoist a signal, when the boat with his visitors was ready to leave
+the ship, that he might have time to make the necessary preparations.
+
+About ten A.M. the barge was manned, and a captain's guard turned out.
+When Buonaparte came on deck, he looked at the marines, who were
+generally fine-looking young men, with much satisfaction; went through
+their ranks, inspected their arms, and admired their appearance,
+saying to Bertrand, "How much might be done with a hundred thousand
+such soldiers as these." He asked which had been longest in the corps;
+went up and spoke to him. His questions were put in French, which I
+interpreted, as well as the man's answers. He enquired how many years
+he had served; on being told upwards of ten, he turned to me and said,
+"Is it not customary in your service, to give a man who has been in
+it so long some mark of distinction?" He was informed that the person
+in question had been a sergeant, but was reduced to the ranks for some
+misconduct. He then put the guard through part of their exercise,
+whilst I interpreted to the Captain of Marines, who did not understand
+French, the manoeuvres he wished to have performed. He made some
+remarks upon the difference of the charge with the bayonet between our
+troops and the French; and found fault with our method of fixing the
+bayonet to the musquet, as being more easy to twist off, if seized by
+an enemy when in the act of charging.
+
+On getting into the boat, he looked at the barge's crew, and said,
+"What a very fine set of men you have got!" He then turned to Las
+Cases, who had come on board the ship in plain clothes, but now
+appeared in a naval uniform, and said jocularly, "Comment, Las Cases,
+vous etes militaire?" "What, Las Cases, are you a military man? I
+have never till now seen you in uniform." He answered, "Please your
+Majesty, before the revolution I was a lieutenant in the navy; and as
+I think an uniform carries more consideration with it in a foreign
+country, I have adopted it."
+
+His attention was now drawn to the men on the Superb's yards, as well
+as to the appearance of the ship, about which he made some
+observations, and asked several questions; among others, whether she
+was French or English; what her age was; the number of guns she
+carried, and the weight of metal on each deck.
+
+On going alongside, General Bertrand went up and announced to the
+Admiral, that the Emperor, for they always gave him that title, was in
+the boat. He then went up, and was received by Sir Henry Hotham on the
+quarter-deck, where a captain's guard was turned out to him. He was
+immediately shown into the cabin, and, after looking round him,
+requested to have the officers presented, which was done; when he
+asked nearly the same questions of each, that he had put to those of
+the Bellerophon the day before. He then expressed a wish to go through
+the ship; and did so, accompanied by several of his own suite, the
+Admiral, Captain Senhouse, and myself. The men were drawn up at
+divisions, and every thing was in the nicest order. He appeared much
+pleased with all he saw, and drew many comparisons between French and
+English ships of war. On going through the wings and storerooms, he
+said to General Savary, "Our ships have nothing of this sort:" who
+answered, "All the new ones, built at Antwerp, were constructed on
+this plan." When he returned to the quarter-deck, he questioned the
+Admiral and myself very minutely, about the clothing and victualling
+of the seamen. It was then, on being told that all that department
+was under the charge of the purser, he said in a facetious way, "Je
+crois que c'est quelquefois chez vous, comme chez nous, le commissaire
+est un peu coquin." "I believe it happens sometimes with you, as it
+does with us, that the purser is a little of a rogue." This was
+addressed to the Admiral and me, with whom he was conversing, and not
+to the people, as has been represented; nor was there a man that could
+have understood it, as it was spoken in French, and not within their
+hearing. He asked to see the Chaplain, put a few questions to him as
+to the number of Catholics and foreigners in the ship, and whether any
+of them spoke the French language. A Guernsey man was pointed out to
+him, but he had no conversation with him.
+
+He was then shown into the cabin, where breakfast was prepared: during
+which meal he talked a good deal, but ate little, the breakfast being
+served in the English manner. I observed, during the whole time of
+breakfast, that Colonel Planat, who was much attached to him, and of
+whom Buonaparte always expressed himself in terms of affection, had
+tears running down his cheeks, and seemed greatly distressed at the
+situation of his master. And, from the opportunities I afterwards had
+of observing this young man's character, I feel convinced he had a
+strong personal attachment to Buonaparte;--and this, indeed, as far as
+I could judge, was the case also with all his other attendants,
+without exception.
+
+On rising from the breakfast-table, the whole party went into the
+after-cabin, where a discussion took place about Buonaparte's horses
+and carriages, which had been left at Rochefort, and which he was
+desirous of having forwarded to England. I had formerly agreed, in the
+event of their arriving, to receive two carriages, and five or six
+horses, as many as the ship could conveniently stow; but as they had
+not come, the Admiral now consented to give a passport for a vessel to
+transport the whole of them, consisting of six carriages and
+forty-five horses: which was accordingly made out, and forwarded to
+Monsieur Philibert, the senior naval officer at Isle d'Aix, but I
+believe it was never acted upon.
+
+We all returned to the Bellerophon about noon, when the ships present
+manned their yards, the boat was immediately hoisted in, and the ship
+got under weigh, in pursuance of orders from the Admiral, of which the
+following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb, in
+Basque Roads, July 15th, 1815.
+
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to take the Myrmidon under your
+orders, and, putting on board her such persons composing a part of
+the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte as cannot be conveyed in the
+Bellerophon, you are to put to sea in H.M.S. under your command, in
+company with the Myrmidon, and make the best of your way with Napoleon
+Buonaparte and his suite to Torbay, and there landing the officer of
+the ship bearing my flag, whom I have charged with a despatch
+addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, as well as an officer of
+the ship you command, for the purpose of proceeding express to
+Plymouth with the despatch you will herewith receive, addressed to
+Admiral Lord Keith, and a copy of these instructions (which you will
+transmit to his Lordship,) await orders from the Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty, or his Lordship, for your further proceedings."
+
+During the time we were heaving the anchor up, and setting the sails,
+Buonaparte remained on the break of the poop; and was very
+inquisitive about what was going on. He observed, "Your method of
+performing this manoeuvre is quite different from the French;" and
+added, "What I admire most in your ship, is the extreme silence and
+orderly conduct of your men:--on board a French ship, every one calls
+and gives orders, and they gabble like so many geese." Previous to his
+quitting the Bellerophon he made the same remark, saying, "There has
+been less noise in this ship, where there are six hundred men, during
+the whole of the time I have been in her, than there was on board the
+Epervier, with only one hundred, in the passage from Isle d'Aix to
+Basque Roads."
+
+Soon after the ship was under weigh, the Mouche joined, with three or
+four sheep, a quantity of vegetables, and other refreshments,--a
+present from the French Commodore to Buonaparte. After receiving them
+on board, we made sail, accompanied by the Myrmidon, for England.
+
+In working out, we passed within about a cable's length of the Superb.
+He asked me if I considered that was near enough for a naval
+engagement: I answered, that half the distance, or even less, would
+suit much better; as it was a maxim in our navy, not to be further
+from our enemy than to give room for working the yards, and
+manoeuvring the ship.
+
+He remained upon deck all the time the ship was beating out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche. Having cleared the Chasseron shoal about six P.M.,
+dinner was served. He conversed a great deal at table, and seemed in
+very good spirits; told several anecdotes of himself; among others,
+one relating to Sir Sydney Smith. Knowing that I had served under that
+officer on the coast of Syria, he turned to me and said, "Did Sir
+Sydney Smith ever tell you the cause of his quarrel with me?" I
+answered he had not. "Then," said he, "I will.--When the French army
+was before St Jean d'Acre, he had a paper privately distributed among
+the officers and soldiers, tending to induce them to revolt and quit
+me; on which I issued a proclamation, denouncing the English
+commanding-officer as a madman, and prohibiting all intercourse with
+him. This nettled Sir Sydney so much, that he sent me a challenge to
+meet him in single combat on the beach at Caiffa. My reply was, that
+when Marlborough appeared for that purpose, I should be at his
+service; but I had other duties to fulfil besides fighting a duel with
+an English commodore." He pursued the subject of Syria, and said,
+patting me (who was sitting next him) on the head; "If it had not been
+for you English, I should have been Emperor of the East; but wherever
+there is water to float a ship, we are sure to find you in our way."
+
+During the 17th and 18th of July, the weather was very fine, and
+nothing of note occurred. Several strange vessels were seen, about
+which Buonaparte and his attendants were very inquisitive, in order, I
+presume, that they might judge whether they would probably have
+escaped or not, had they put to sea. The only ship of war fallen in
+with on those days was the Bacchus sloop, which I pointed out; and at
+the same time informed him, that we had several frigates cruising in
+this position, for the purpose of intercepting him, had he got past
+the ships stationed close in with the land. This, as it afterward
+appeared, was not the case: the Endymion having gone into the Gironde,
+the Liffey having sprung her bowsprit and returned to England, and the
+others, from various causes, having quitted the station; so that, had
+he passed the squadron off Rochefort, there can be little doubt he
+would have made his voyage in safety to America.
+
+About this time, Buonaparte amused himself by playing at cards after
+breakfast: the game was _vingt-un_, in which all the party joined,
+except myself. He proposed that I should play with them, but I told
+him I had no money, making it a rule to leave it all with my wife
+before I went to sea: on which he laughed, and good-humouredly offered
+to lend me some, and trust me until we arrived in England: I, however,
+declined his offer, having the numerous duties of the ship to attend
+to.
+
+As my despatch of the 14th instant to the Secretary of the Admiralty
+had been very short, and written in great haste,--being desirous that
+his Majesty's Ministers should be made acquainted with the important
+arrangements agreed upon, as early as possible,--I considered it
+right to make a more detailed report to the Commander in Chief; and
+therefore wrote a despatch to Lord Keith, of which the following are
+extracts, intending to send it by the officer who should announce to
+him the Bellerophon's arrival in Torbay.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter From Captain Maitland, Addressed To Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., Dated on Board H.M. Ship Bellerophon, at Sea,
+July 18th, 1815.
+
+
+"Having received directions from Sir Henry Hotham to forward the
+accompanying despatch to your Lordship by an officer, I avail myself
+of the opportunity to explain the circumstances under which I was
+placed when induced to receive Napoleon Buonaparte into the ship I
+command.
+
+"After the first communication was made to me by Count Bertrand (a
+copy of which, with my answer, has been forwarded to your Lordship by
+Sir Henry Hotham) that Buonaparte was at Isle d'Aix, and actually
+embarked on board the frigates for the purpose of proceeding to the
+United States of America, my duty became peculiarly harassing and
+anxious, owing to the numerous reports, that were daily brought from
+all quarters, of his intention to escape in vessels of various
+descriptions, and from different situations on the coast, of which the
+limited means I possessed, together with the length of time requisite
+to communicate with Sir Henry Hotham at Quiberon Bay, rendered the
+success at least possible, and even probable. Thus situated, the enemy
+having two frigates and a brig, while the force under my command
+consisted of the Bellerophon and Slaney (having detached the Myrmidon
+to reinforce the Daphne off the Mamusson passage, where the force was
+considerably superior to her, and whence one of the reports stated
+Buonaparte meant to sail,) another flag of truce was sent out, for the
+ostensible reason of enquiring whether I had received an answer to
+the former, but I soon ascertained the real one to be a proposal from
+Buonaparte to embark for England in this ship.
+
+"Taking into consideration all the circumstances of the probability of
+the escape being effected, if the trial was made either in the
+frigates, or clandestinely in a small vessel, as, had this ship been
+disabled in action, there was no other with me that could produce any
+effect on a frigate, and, from the experience I have had in blockading
+the ports of the bay, knowing the impossibility of preventing small
+vessels from getting to sea, and looking upon it as of the greatest
+importance to get possession of the person of Buonaparte; I was
+induced, without hesitation, to accede to the proposal, as far as
+taking him on board, and proceeding with him to England: but, at the
+same time, stating in the most clear and positive terms, that I had no
+authority to make any sort of stipulation as to the reception he was
+to meet with.
+
+"I am happy to say, that the measures I have adopted have met with the
+approbation of Sir Henry Hotham, and will, I trust and hope, receive
+that of your Lordship, as well as of his Majesty's Government."
+
+On the 29th, a conversation took place between Madame Bertrand and
+myself, about Buonaparte's voyage to Elba. She asked me if I was
+acquainted with Captain Usher. On my answering in the negative, she
+said, "The Emperor is very fond of him: he gave him his portrait set
+with diamonds, and has another which he intends for you." I replied,
+"I hope not, as I cannot accept of it. Captain Usher's situation and
+mine were very different, and what might be proper in him would not be
+so in me." She rejoined, "If you do not accept of it, you will offend
+him very much." "If that is the case," I said, "I shall be obliged to
+you to take steps to prevent its being offered, as I wish to save him
+the mortification, and myself the pain, of a refusal; and I feel it
+absolutely impossible, situated as I am, to take a present from him.
+In receiving him on board, I had no direct authority from my
+Government, and I have yet to learn whether my conduct will be
+approved of. Besides, were I to receive a present of such value, it
+might possibly be said, that I was actuated by selfish motives;
+whereas all the measures I have taken were dictated solely by the
+desire of serving my country to the best of my judgment: if,
+therefore, I am to receive any reward, it must come from that
+quarter."
+
+On the 20th of July, early in the morning, we spoke the Swiftsure, on
+her way from England to reinforce me in the blockade of Rochefort.
+The astonishment of Captain Webley can scarcely be conceived, when, on
+his entering the ship, I said, "Well, I have got him." "Got him! got
+whom?" "Why, Buonaparte; the man that has been keeping all Europe in a
+ferment these last twenty years." "Is it possible?" said he; "well,
+you are a lucky fellow." We had some further conversation; but Captain
+Webley was not introduced to Buonaparte, who had not then left his
+cabin; and as the Swiftsure was going to the southward, and I was
+desirous of getting to England as quickly as possible, we soon parted
+company.
+
+During the 21st and 22nd of July, we exchanged signals with two or
+three others of our ships, which I took care to explain were on the
+look-out for my guest; and he seemed by this time pretty well
+convinced that an attempt to elude our cruisers would have been
+fruitless. On the latter day, the Prometheus showed her number, while
+we were at dinner: when Buonaparte expressed a wish to know whether
+the ships at Brest had hoisted the white flag or not. I sent for the
+officer of the watch, and desired him to ask the question by
+telegraph. In a few minutes he returned, with an answer in the
+affirmative. Buonaparte made no remark upon this information; but
+asked, with apparent indifference, how the question and answer had
+been conveyed; and when I explained it to him, he approved highly of
+the usefulness of the invention.
+
+During meals, he always entered very freely and familiarly into
+conversation with those about him, addressing himself frequently to
+Las Cases and me; asking many questions about the manners, customs,
+and laws of the English; often repeating the observation he had made
+on first coming on board, that he must gain all the information
+possible on those subjects, and conform himself to them, as he should
+probably end his life among that people. Monsieur Las Cases, it
+appears, had emigrated from France early in the revolution, and
+remained in England until the peace of Amiens, when he was allowed to
+return to his own country.
+
+Sunday, the 23rd of July, we passed very near to Ushant: the day was
+fine, and Buonaparte remained upon deck great part of the morning. He
+cast many a melancholy look at the coast of France, but made few
+observations on it. He asked several questions about the coast of
+England; whether it was safe to approach; its distance, and the part
+we were likely to make. About eight in the evening, the high land of
+Dartmoor was discovered, when I went into the cabin and told him of
+it: I found him in a flannel dressing-gown, nearly undressed, and
+preparing to go to bed. He put on his greatcoat, came out upon deck,
+and remained some time looking at the land; asking its distance from
+Torbay, and the probable time of our arrival there.
+
+At daybreak of the 24th of July, we were close off Dartmouth. Count
+Bertrand went into the cabin, and informed Buonaparte of it, who came
+upon deck about half-past four, and remained on the poop until the
+ship anchored in Torbay. He talked with admiration of the boldness of
+the coast; saying, "You have in that respect a great advantage over
+France, which is surrounded by rocks and dangers." On opening Torbay,
+he was much struck with the beauty of the scenery; and exclaimed,
+"What a beautiful country! it very much resembles the bay of Porto
+Ferrajo, in Elba."
+
+The ship was scarcely at anchor, when an officer came alongside,
+bringing an order from Lord Keith; of which I give an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 23rd July, 1815.
+
+
+"Captain Sartorius, of His Majesty's ship Slaney, delivered to me last
+night, at eleven o'clock, your despatch of the 14th instant,
+acquainting me that Buonaparte had proposed to embark on board the
+ship you command; and that you had acceded thereto, with the intention
+of proceeding to Torbay, there to wait for further orders. I lost no
+time in forwarding your letter by Captain Sartorius to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in order that their Lordships might,
+through him, be acquainted with every circumstance that had occurred
+on an occasion of so much importance; and you may expect orders from
+their Lordships for your further guidance. You are to remain in Torbay
+until you receive such orders; and in the mean time, in addition to
+the directions already in your possession, you are most positively
+ordered to prevent every person whatever from coming on board the ship
+you command, except the officers and men who compose her crew; nor is
+any person whatever, whether in His Majesty's service or not, who does
+not belong to the ship, to be suffered to come on board, either for
+the purpose of visiting the officers, or on any pretence whatever,
+without express permission either from the Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, or from me. As I understand from Captain Sartorius, that
+General Gourgaud refused to deliver the letter with which he was
+charged for the Prince Regent, to any person except his Royal
+Highness, you are to take him out of the Slaney, into the ship you
+command, until you receive directions from the Admiralty on the
+subject, and order that ship back to Plymouth Sound, when Captain
+Sartorius returns from London."
+
+Along with the above order, I received a letter from Lord Keith, of
+which I give some extracts.
+
+"You will perceive by the newspapers, that the intelligence had
+reached London before Captain Sartorius, owing to his long passage. I
+have a letter from Lord Melville to-day, enforcing in the strongest
+manner the former orders,--even that no person, myself or Sir John
+Duckworth excepted, shall be suffered to come on board the ship, till
+orders are sent from Government; which you will be so good as strictly
+to comply with. Let him and his want for nothing; and send to me for
+any thing Brixham cannot furnish; I will send it to you by a small
+vessel. You may say to Napoleon, that I am under the greatest personal
+obligations to him for his attention to my nephew, who was taken and
+brought before him at Belle Alliance, and who must have died, if he
+had not ordered a surgeon to dress him immediately, and sent him to a
+hut. I am glad it fell into your hands at this time, because a
+Frenchman had been sent from Paris on the mission, a Monsieur Drigni."
+
+Buonaparte recollected the circumstance alluded to, and seemed much
+gratified with Lord Keith's acknowledgments.
+
+Napoleon and all his attendants were very anxious to see as many
+newspapers as possible, but particularly the Courier, which they
+considered the Ministerial paper, and most likely to contain the
+intentions of Government respecting them. They received little
+encouragement from any of them, but least of all from those which are
+supposed to take the Ministerial side in politics, as they not only
+contained a great deal that was personally offensive, but stated, in
+very plain terms, that none of the party would be allowed to land in
+England, and that St Helena was the probable place of their ultimate
+destination. Buonaparte himself always affected to consider this as a
+mere newspaper report, though I believe it gave him a good deal of
+uneasiness. His followers received it with much irritation and
+impatience, frequently endeavouring to convince me that our Government
+could have no right to dispose of them in that way, and talking to me,
+as if I had been one of his Majesty's Ministers, and had influence in
+determining on their future destination. All I could say on the
+subject did not prevent them from frequently recurring to it, and
+appealing against the injustice of such a measure.
+
+This morning General Gourgaud returned from the Slaney, which we found
+lying here, not having been permitted to land, and having refused to
+deliver the letter he had been charged with for the Prince Regent to
+any person except his Royal Highness himself.
+
+When I was conversing with Madame Bertrand, she said, "Had the Emperor
+gained the battle of Waterloo, he would have been firmly seated on the
+throne of France." I answered, "It certainly might have protracted his
+downfall, but, in all probability, he would have been overthrown at
+last, as the Russians were fast advancing, and he never could have
+resisted the combined forces of the Allies." To which she replied, "If
+your army had been defeated, the Russians never would have acted
+against him." "That I cannot believe," I said, "as they were using
+every effort to join and support the Allies; and the assertion is
+ridiculous." "Ah," said she, "you may laugh at it, and so may other
+people, nor will it, perhaps, now be discovered; but remember what I
+say, and be assured that at some future period it will be proved,
+that it never was Alexander's intention to cross the frontiers of
+France, in opposition to him."
+
+In the course of the day I received many applications for admittance
+into the ship: among others a note from a lady residing in the
+neighbourhood, accompanied by a basket of fruit, requesting a boat
+might be sent for her next morning. I returned a civil answer,
+informing her that my instructions would not admit of her request
+being complied with: no more fruit was sent from that quarter. Lord
+Gwydir and Lord Charles Bentinck also applied for admittance, but with
+no better success.
+
+No sooner was Buonaparte's arrival known in the neighbourhood, than
+the ship was surrounded by a crowd of boats, people being drawn from
+all quarters to see this extraordinary man. He came often upon deck,
+and showed himself at the gangways and stern windows, apparently for
+the purpose of gratifying their curiosity, of which, as he observed to
+me, the English appeared to have a very large portion.
+
+In the evening, the officer who had been sent to Plymouth, on the
+ship's arrival, with despatches for Lord Keith, returned, bringing
+letters, from which I give the following extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, July 24, 1815.
+
+
+"The officer of the ship you command has just delivered to me your
+letter of this date, reporting your arrival in Torbay, with the
+Bellerophon and Myrmidon, having on board Napoleon Buonaparte and his
+suite. I have also received your other letter, explaining the
+circumstances under which you were placed, when you were induced to
+receive Napoleon on board; and I shall transmit the same to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in confident expectation, that his
+Majesty's Government will fully approve of your conduct."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S, Bellerophon, dated 24th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I take the opportunity of your officer's return, to congratulate you
+and the nation, and to thank you for the perfect manner in which you
+entered into my views on the subject, and for the management of the
+blockade, about which I was most anxious. It will not be long ere you
+are instructed by the Government: the first express would arrive about
+four o'clock this morning, and I attempt a telegraph message, but it
+is cloudy. I beg you will send for any thing you may want, to me, and
+it shall be sent instantly; and I beg to present my respects to
+Napoleon, and if I can render him any civility, I will consider it my
+duty, as well as in gratitude for Captain Elphinstone's report of the
+attention he received from him on the field of battle."
+
+During the 25th of July, the concourse of people round the ship was
+greater than the day before, and the anxiety of the Frenchmen was
+considerably augmented by the confidence with which the newspapers
+spoke of the intention to remove Buonaparte to St Helena. In the
+afternoon, he walked above an hour on deck, frequently stood at the
+gangway, or opposite to the quarter-deck ports, for the purpose of
+giving the people an opportunity of seeing him, and, whenever he
+observed any well-dressed women, pulled his hat off, and bowed to
+them.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual, was inquisitive about the kinds of
+fish produced on the coast of England, and ate part of a turbot that
+was at table, with much relish. He then spoke of the character of the
+fishermen and boatmen on our coast, saying, "They are generally
+smugglers as well as fishermen; at one time a great many of them were
+in my pay, for the purpose of obtaining intelligence, bringing money
+over to France, and assisting prisoners of war to escape. They even
+offered, for a large sum of money, to seize the person of Louis, and
+deliver him into my hands; but as they could not guarantee the
+preservation of his life, I would not give my consent to the measure."
+
+At three in the morning of the 26th of July, Captain Sartorius
+returned from London; having carried my despatch announcing
+Buonaparte's intention to embark in the Bellerophon, and brought with
+him orders for me to proceed to Plymouth Sound. We immediately got
+under weigh, accompanied by the Myrmidon and Slaney. While heaving the
+anchor up, Las Cases came upon deck, when I told him the ship was
+ordered to Plymouth, supposing, if he thought it requisite, he would
+acquaint his master. Soon after the ship was at sea, Madame Bertrand
+made her appearance, when she attacked me with some warmth for having
+neglected to acquaint Buonaparte with the orders I had received, and
+told me he was excessively offended. As she had once or twice before,
+when every thing did not go exactly as she wished, held the same
+language, I determined to ascertain whether Buonaparte had expressed
+any dissatisfaction, and, if so, to come to an explanation with him,
+as, though I was inclined to treat him with every proper
+consideration, it never was my intention to be looked upon as
+responsible to him for my movements; I therefore told Las Cases what
+she had said, and requested he would ascertain whether Napoleon really
+had felt displeased. He immediately went into the cabin, and on his
+return assured me that there must have been some mistake, as nothing
+of the kind had taken place.
+
+The ship's removal to the westward was by no means an agreeable event
+to the suite of my guest: they naturally reasoned, that, had it been
+the intention of the British Government to allow him to land in
+England, he would not have been removed further from the Metropolis.
+He, however, made no observations on the subject himself; still
+affecting to consider the reports in the newspapers as the surmises of
+the editors.
+
+We had, during the forenoon of the 26th of July, to beat up from the
+Start to Plymouth Sound, against a strong northerly wind. Buonaparte
+remained upon deck the greater part of the day. When going into the
+Sound, I pointed out the Breakwater to him, and described the manner
+in which they were forming it. He said, it was a great national
+undertaking, and highly honourable to the country; enquired the
+estimated expense, and seemed surprised, when I told him it was
+expected to be finished for something less than a million sterling. He
+added, "I have expended a large sum of money on the port of Cherbourg,
+and in forming the Boyart Fort, to protect the anchorage at Isle
+d'Aix; but I fear now, those and many other of my improvements will be
+neglected, and allowed to go to ruin."
+
+When the ship had anchored, I informed him I was going to wait on the
+Commander-in-chief, and requested to know if I could convey any
+message from him. He desired me to return his thanks to Lord Keith,
+for the kind intentions he had expressed towards him in his letters to
+me, and to say he was extremely anxious to see his Lordship, if it
+could be done with propriety. On delivering his message to Lord Keith,
+he answered, "I would wait upon him with much pleasure, but, to tell
+you the truth, I have as yet received no instructions as to the manner
+in which he is to be treated; and until I do receive these, I cannot
+well visit him." He then gave me some precautionary orders to prevent
+his escape, or any attempt to effect it. From which I give the
+extracts below.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Hamoaze, July 26, 1815.
+
+
+"In addition to the orders already received, you are to pay the
+strictest regard and attention to the directions contained in the
+enclosed extract of a letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty. If
+General Gourgaud has not already been taken out of the Slaney, you are
+to cause him to be removed immediately into the ship you command. I
+enclose, for your information, a copy of a general order that I have
+issued, forbidding communication with the ship you command; and it is
+my intention to order the Liffey and Eurotas to anchor near you, and
+to row guard."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty to Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated 24th July, 1815, enclosed in the
+foregoing.
+
+
+"Referring your Lordship to Mr Croker's letter of the 1st instant,
+respecting Buonaparte, I am to signify their Lordships' directions to
+you, to give the most positive orders to Captain Maitland to prevent
+all communication whatever with the shore but through him, and by him
+through your Lordship; and on no account to permit any person
+whatsoever to go on board the ship, without your Lordship's permission
+given in writing for that purpose; which permission, for obvious
+reasons, will only be granted in such cases as the public service may
+require: and proper measures are to be taken to prevent boats and
+small craft from crowding near the Bellerophon.
+
+"Your Lordship will restrict the captains and commanders of your
+squadron from communicating, until further orders, with the
+Bellerophon."
+
+
+There was also enclosed the following copy of a Memorandum, addressed
+to the respective Captains of H.M. Ships Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+                                          "Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze,
+                                                      26th July, 1815.
+
+"MEMO:
+
+"The Liffey and Eurotas are to take up an anchorage on each side of
+the Bellerophon, at a convenient distance, and observe the following
+directions, as well for the purpose of preventing the escape of
+Buonaparte, or any of his suite, from that ship, as for restraining
+shore-boats and others from approaching too close to her, either from
+curiosity or any other motive.
+
+"A constant watch of an officer, a quarter-watch, and double
+sentinels, are to be kept by day, as well as a boat manned and armed
+alongside, in constant readiness, as a guard-boat: the same
+precaution is to be observed all night, with the exception, that one
+of the boats, in charge of a lieutenant, is to row guard, and to be
+relieved every hour.
+
+"No shore-boats, or others, are to be suffered, either by night or by
+day, to approach nearer the Bellerophon than one cable's length; and
+no boats are to be permitted to loiter about the ship, even at that
+distance, either from curiosity or any other motive: neither the
+captains of the Liffey or Eurotas, nor any other officer belonging to
+those or any other ships, are to go on board the Bellerophon, either
+to visit, or on any pretence whatever, without permission from me in
+writing."
+
+                                               Signed, KEITH, Admiral.
+
+A Copy.
+
+  Keith, Admiral.
+  To the respective Captains of the
+  Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+When I returned on board, I found the frigates had taken their
+positions as directed in the last order, and their boats were
+endeavouring as much as possible to keep the shore-boats at the
+specified distance from the ship. I stated to Buonaparte what Lord
+Keith had said; to which he answered, "I am extremely anxious to see
+the Admiral, and therefore beg he will not stand upon ceremony: I
+shall be satisfied to be treated as a private person, until the
+British Government has determined in what light I am to be
+considered." He then complained of the two frigates being placed as
+guard-ships over him, "as if," said he, "I were not perfectly secure
+on board a British line-of-battle ship;" and added, "The guard-ships'
+boats have been firing musquetry all the evening, to keep the
+shore-boats at a distance: it disturbs and distresses me, and I shall
+be obliged to you to prevent it, if it lies in your power." I
+immediately sent to the Captains of the frigates, to put a stop to
+the firing.
+
+On the 27th of July, I received a letter from the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, of which I give an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty, addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated 25th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I have received and laid before my Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, your letter of yesterday's date, reporting your arrival in
+the Bellerophon in Torbay, accompanied by the Myrmidon, having on
+board Napoleon Buonaparte and suite, and transmitting a copy of a
+letter you had addressed to Admiral Lord Keith, reporting your
+proceedings, under the various circumstances which occurred prior to
+his embarkation, of which their Lordships have been pleased to direct
+me to signify their approval."
+
+I waited on Lord Keith in the morning, and carried with me
+Buonaparte's original letter to the Prince Regent, which General
+Gourgaud had refused to deliver to Captain Sartorius: finding that one
+of his own officers would not be allowed to proceed with it, he now
+consented to its being forwarded through the Admiral. I reported to
+his Lordship all the occurrences of the previous day; and that, in
+consequence of the frequent repetition in the newspapers of its being
+the intention of his Majesty's Government to send Buonaparte to St
+Helena, he, as well as the officers of his suite, had expressed much
+uneasiness. I also carried a message from him, stating his desire to
+see his Lordship, and that he would willingly waive all ceremony, and
+be considered as a private person. To which Lord Keith answered, "I
+shall now have no difficulty whatever, having received full
+instructions as to the manner in which he is to be treated: he is to
+be considered as a General Officer, and have the respect due to that
+rank paid him, and no more: you may therefore say I shall wait on him
+to-morrow forenoon." He then put into my hands the following
+additional orders.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I herewith transmit an extract of an order, containing certain
+directions relative to Buonaparte and his suite, and you are forthwith
+to carry the same into execution; sending on board the Liffey or
+Myrmidon, with directions similar to those that have been addressed to
+yourself, such of his suite as are to be withdrawn from the ship you
+command."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to
+Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated July 25th, 1815.
+
+
+"That he should give immediate orders, that, upon the arrival of the
+Bellerophon, Napoleon Buonaparte should remain, until the Prince
+Regent's further pleasure shall be signified, on board of that, or
+such other ship of war as we shall appoint, and shall not be permitted
+on any account to come on shore; or to hold communication with the
+shore, or with other vessels, either personally, or by writing. Not
+more than four or five persons of his suite (exclusive of menial
+servants) are to remain on board the same ship with himself: the
+remainder of his suite are to be kept under similar restraint, on
+board of other vessels of war. Napoleon Buonaparte is to be considered
+and addressed as a General Officer."
+
+In consequence of those orders, several of the officers of inferior
+rank, and some of the servants, were sent to the frigates appointed to
+guard us.
+
+In the afternoon Sir Richard and Lady Strachan, accompanied by Mrs
+Maitland, came alongside the ship. Buonaparte was walking the deck,
+and, when I told him my wife was in the boat, he went to the gangway,
+pulled off his hat, and asked her if she would not come up and visit
+him. She shook her head; and I informed him, that my orders were so
+positive, I could not even allow her to come on board. He answered,
+"C'est dur, ca." "That is very hard." And addressing himself to her,
+"Milord Keith est un peu trop severe; n'est-ce pas, Madame?" "Lord
+Keith is a little too severe; is he not, Madam?" He then said to me,
+"Ma foi, son portrait ne la flatte pas; elle est encore plus jolie que
+lui." "I assure you her portrait is not flattering; she is handsomer
+than it is." I told him Sir Richard Strachan was in the boat with her,
+and that he was second in command of the Channel fleet: he bowed to
+him, and said, "He appears a very young man to hold so high a rank."
+
+There were this day a great many boats round the ship, full of people,
+among which were a number of well-dressed females. He expressed
+himself in strong terms of admiration of the beauty of the English
+women, and was desirous of knowing which were the ladies,--"les dames
+comme il faut," as he termed it; as they were all so well dressed that
+he could not distinguish them.
+
+In the evening a letter was sent to me by Lord Keith, of which I
+subjoin an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris, Hamoaze,
+27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"From the representation you have made to me of the dissatisfaction
+expressed by Buonaparte, on observing by the newspapers that he was to
+be sent to St Helena; it will be necessary that you redouble your
+vigilance to prevent his escape; and you are therefore to station
+double sentinels, and resort to every other means that may be
+necessary for frustrating any such intention."
+
+On the 28th of July, Lord Keith came on board, between eleven and
+twelve o'clock, and was shown by me into the cabin, where Count
+Bertrand introduced him to Buonaparte. I immediately withdrew, and
+cannot therefore state what passed between them; but Lord Keith
+afterwards informed me, that Buonaparte had been very anxious to know
+whether the Government had come to any determination with regard to
+his disposal; of which his Lordship professed total ignorance.
+
+After Lord Keith came out of the cabin, he remained some time with
+Buonaparte's suite, who were collected in the state room. Madame
+Bertrand drew him aside, and entered into conversation with him,
+saying what she had repeated to me a hundred times, that it would be
+the height of injustice to send them to St Helena, and endeavouring
+to persuade him to interfere in preventing her husband at least from
+going, should Napoleon be sent there.
+
+During the whole of the 29th of July it rained incessantly, and
+nothing worth relating took place: the Frenchmen were deprived of
+their usual amusement of admiring the ladies, and being admired in
+return, not a boat having made its appearance. They often remarked,
+with the characteristic vivacity of their nation, that they were
+placed in the situation of Tantalus,--so many beauties in view,
+without the possibility of approaching them.
+
+On Sunday, the 30th of July, the crowd of boats was greater than I
+ever remember to have seen at one time. I am certain I speak within
+bounds when I state, that upwards of a thousand were collected round
+the ship, in each of which, on an average, there were not fewer than
+eight people. The crush was so great, as to render it quite impossible
+for the guard-boats to keep them off; though a boat belonging to one
+of the frigates made use of very violent means to effect it,
+frequently running against small boats, containing women, with such
+force as nearly to upset them, and alarming the ladies extremely. The
+French officers were very indignant at such rude proceedings, saying,
+"Is this your English liberty? Were such a thing to happen in France,
+the men would rise with one accord and throw that officer and his crew
+overboard."
+
+After the ship's arrival in England, Buonaparte seldom left the cabin
+earlier than five o'clock in the afternoon; passing his time in
+walking up and down the after-cabin, reading a great deal,[8] and
+often falling asleep on the sopha, having within these two or three
+years become very lethargic.
+
+         [Footnote 8: The books that seemed to occupy his attention,
+         when I had an opportunity of observing him, were, a Life of
+         Washington, and a translation of Ossian's Poems.]
+
+I this day informed him, that Lord Keith had received an intimation,
+that Sir Henry Bunbury, one of the Under Secretaries of State, was to
+arrive in the course of the day with the decision of the British
+Government as to his future disposal. He asked me many questions, but,
+although Lord Keith had acquainted me that Buonaparte was to go to St
+Helena, he had at the same time desired me not to communicate this
+information, and I was therefore obliged to evade his interrogatories
+as I best could.
+
+In the newspapers of this day there appeared the lists of persons
+proscribed by the Government of France. Among the first class were the
+names of Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand: the first treated it with
+derision, the two others appeared much alarmed, and often asked me if
+I thought it possible the British Government would deliver them up to
+Louis. I said, "Decidedly not; you have been received on board an
+English man of war, and it never can be the intention of the Ministers
+to deliver you over to punishment." They were not, however, satisfied
+by any means; and a French frigate, bearing the white flag, which lay
+in Hamoaze, was an object of much jealousy to them.
+
+When I waited on Lord Keith, the morning of the 31st of July, he
+acquainted me that Sir Henry Bunbury had arrived, and was to accompany
+him on board at ten o'clock. He also showed me a notification of the
+decision of Government respecting Buonaparte, in which he was styled
+General throughout. It stated, that he was to be sent to St Helena,
+and to be permitted to take with him three of the higher class of
+those that had accompanied him from France, and twelve domestics, who
+were to be selected by himself, with the exception of Savary and
+Lallemand, who were not on any account to be permitted to go with him.
+I immediately returned on board, to be in readiness to receive Lord
+Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury; and informed Buonaparte, that he might
+expect them. He asked me if I knew what they were to communicate; and
+having then received his Lordship's sanction for doing so, I told him,
+I understood it was determined he was to be sent to St Helena. His
+mind had, by this time, been so much prepared by the newspapers for
+that event, that he did not show any very strong emotion at receiving
+the intimation; though he complained, in strong terms, of the
+injustice of such a measure. As, however, the Admiral's barge was seen
+approaching, and I was obliged to go upon deck to receive him, I had
+very little conversation with him at that time.
+
+Lord Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury arrived about half-past ten in the
+forenoon, when I showed them into the cabin, where Buonaparte was
+attended by Count Bertrand. I then withdrew, leaving them shut up with
+him for about half an hour, when Lord Keith called me into the
+fore-cabin, where all the suite were assembled, and I presented each
+of them to the Admiral and Sir Henry. They all appeared very much
+distressed, but particularly Savary and Lallemand; who were extremely
+urgent to know how they were to be disposed of; protesting, most
+vehemently, against their being given up to France, as a breach of all
+faith and honour. Madame Bertrand again tried to induce Lord Keith to
+use his influence with our Government, to prevent Bertrand from
+accompanying Buonaparte to St Helena.
+
+As soon as the Admiral had left the ship, Buonaparte sent for me, and
+showed me the same paper Lord Keith had communicated to me in the
+morning. When I had read it, he complained vehemently of his treatment
+in being sent to St Helena, saying, "The idea of it is perfect horror
+to me. To be placed for life on an island within the Tropics, at an
+immense distance from any land, cut off from all communication with
+the world, and every thing that I hold dear in it!--c'est pis que la
+cage de fer de Tamerlan. (It is worse than Tamerlane's iron cage.) I
+would prefer being delivered up to the Bourbons. Among other insults,"
+said he,--"but that is a mere bagatelle, a very secondary
+consideration,--they style me General! they can have no right to call
+me General; they may as well call me Archbishop, for I was head of the
+church, as well as the army. If they do not acknowledge me as Emperor,
+they ought as First Consul; they have sent Ambassadors to me as such;
+and your King, in his letters, styled me brother. Had they confined
+me in the Tower of London, or one of the fortresses in England,
+(though not what I had hoped from the generosity of the English
+people,) I should not have so much cause of complaint; but to banish
+me to an island within the Tropics! They might as well have signed my
+death-warrant at once, as it is impossible a man of my habit of body
+can live long in such a climate."
+
+He then expressed a desire to write another letter to the Prince
+Regent; and I carried it the same afternoon to Lord Keith, by whom it
+was immediately forwarded to London.
+
+Generals Savary and Lallemand this day made many appeals to me on the
+injustice of our Government delivering them up to France; saying they
+had not a doubt it was intended, else why except them from
+accompanying the Emperor, as they were both married men, and Savary
+the father of a large family:--it was not the wish of either to have
+gone to St Helena; but their being expressly excepted, and their names
+appearing in the list of proscribed, was but too sure a proof of their
+intended fate. Savary added, "Were I to be allowed a fair and
+impartial trial, I should have nothing to fear, never having accepted
+a situation under Louis; but at present, when faction runs so high, I
+should inevitably be sacrificed to the fury of party. Lallemand's case
+is quite different: he held a command under the King, and, on
+Napoleon's return from Elba, joined him with his troops; therefore,
+his situation would at any time be a dangerous one:--but I lived in
+the country all the time Louis was in France, and did not come forward
+until Buonaparte's arrival in Paris, when he directed me to take the
+command of the Gendarmerie."
+
+Lallemand said, "My reason for coming on board the Bellerophon with
+Las Cases on the morning of the 14th, was to ascertain whether there
+would be a risk of any of the Emperor's followers being delivered up
+to the French Government, in the event of their accompanying him to
+England; when you assured me there could be no danger of it." I
+replied, "My answer to you was, that I was of opinion there could be
+no risk of the British Government taking such a step; and I see no
+reason now to alter that opinion. As I have received you on board the
+Bellerophon, I consider you under the protection of the British flag,
+and myself, in a great measure, responsible for your personal safety;
+and under that impression I will write on the subject to Lord
+Melville, as the Minister under whose immediate control I act, that
+your minds may be set at rest, though, I repeat, you run no hazard of
+being sent to France." The same evening, before I went to bed, I wrote
+the letter which follows:--
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                      Plymouth Sound, 31st July, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I am induced to address your Lordship in consequence of having
+observed, in the intimation delivered to Napoleon Buonaparte of the
+number of persons allowed to accompany him to the Island of St Helena,
+that the names of Savary and Lallemand are expressly excepted, which,
+together with their being proscribed in the French newspapers, has
+created in them a belief that it is the intention of His Majesty's
+Government to deliver them up to the King of France. Far be it from me
+to assume such an idea; but I hope your Lordship will make allowance
+for the feelings of an officer who has nothing so dear to him as his
+honour, and who could not bear that a stain should be affixed to a
+name he has ever endeavoured to bear unblemished. These two men,
+Savary and Lallemand (what their characters or conduct in their own
+country may be I know not), threw themselves under the protection of
+the British flag; that protection was granted them with the sanction
+of my name. It is true, no conditions were stipulated for; but I acted
+in the full confidence that their lives would be held sacred, or they
+should never have put foot in the ship I command, without being made
+acquainted that it was for the purpose of delivering them over to the
+laws of their country.
+
+"I again beg leave to repeat to your Lordship, that I am far from
+supposing it to be the intention of His Majesty's Government to
+deliver these men over to the laws of their country; but, as they are
+strongly impressed with that belief, and I look upon myself as the
+cause of their being in their present situation, I most earnestly beg
+your Lordship's influence may be exerted that two men may not be
+brought to the scaffold who claimed and obtained at my hands the
+protection of the British flag.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        &c. &c. &c.
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "The Viscount Melville,
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+I felt convinced that Buonaparte, after the notification he had
+received, would be too much depressed in spirits to make his
+appearance on deck this day; and sent a boat to some of my friends,
+who were waiting in hopes of seeing him, to say there was no chance of
+his coming out, as he was much distressed at the communication which
+had been made to him. I was, therefore, a good deal surprised, on
+turning round, to find him standing at my elbow; and I can only
+account for his showing himself as usual, by supposing either that he
+was not in fact so much annoyed as I had believed him to be, or that
+he was actuated by a desire of creating a feeling of commiseration
+among the English people in his behalf.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual; and, indeed, it was quite astonishing
+with what elasticity his spirits regained their usual cheerfulness,
+after such trials and disappointments. He never, in my hearing,
+threatened to commit suicide; nor do I believe he did on any occasion:
+the only expression I ever heard him make use of, that could in any
+way be construed into such a threat, was, that he would not go to St
+Helena,--"Je n'irai pas a St Helene."
+
+As Buonaparte always retired early to bed, it was the custom for the
+French ladies and officers to assemble every evening in the ward-room,
+and partake of wine and water, punch, or bishop--a mixture consisting
+of Port, Madeira, nutmeg, and other ingredients, well known to
+sailors, and much relished by our foreign guests.
+
+I was sitting this evening next Montholon, when Madame Bertrand
+entered; I said to her, "Will you not sit down and take something?"
+She gave an answer which I took for No; and passed rapidly into the
+first lieutenant's cabin, which she had occupied since she came on
+board. Montholon, who had observed her with more attention than I had
+done, immediately rose and followed her. There was instantly a shriek
+from the cabin, and a great uproar; and some one called out 'The
+Countess is overboard.' I ran upon deck, that, in the event of its
+being so, a boat might be lowered down, or the guard-boats called to
+her assistance. On looking over the quarter, and seeing no splash in
+the water, I felt satisfied it was a false alarm, and returned to the
+ward-room. Madame Bertrand had by this time been placed on her bed,
+where she was lying in strong hysterics, at intervals abusing the
+English nation and its Government, in the most vehement and unmeasured
+terms; sometimes in French and sometimes in English. Lallemand was
+walking up and down the ward-room much agitated, joining in the abuse;
+saying, among other things, "that it was horrible to bring a set of
+people on board the ship for the purpose of butchering them." I turned
+to him, and said, "Monsieur Lallemand, what a woman says in the state
+of violent irritation that Madame Bertrand at present is, I consider
+of little consequence, and am willing to make every allowance for the
+situation you are placed in; but I cannot stand by and hear such terms
+used of the Government of my country; and if you do not desist, or
+make use of more respectful language, I shall be under the necessity
+of taking measures that will be very unpleasant both to you and
+myself."
+
+This had the effect of silencing him. When the bustle had subsided, I
+retired to my cabin, and was employed in writing the foregoing letter
+to Lord Melville, in behalf of Messrs Savary and Lallemand; when the
+latter, attended by Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, came in. They
+immediately entered into conversation with me about the cruelty of
+their situation: among many other things, they said, "You may depend
+upon it, the Emperor never will go to St Helena; he will sooner put
+himself to death; he is a man of determined character, and what he
+says he will do." "Has he ever said he will put himself to death?" I
+asked. They answered, "No; but he has said he will not go, which
+amounts to the same thing; and were he to consent himself, here are
+three of us who are determined to prevent him." I told them they had
+better consider the consequences well, before they ventured on a
+measure of that kind.
+
+The next day, August 1st, 1815, I waited on Lord Keith, and reported
+all that had occurred during the preceding day. I also showed him the
+letter I had written and meant to send to Lord Melville, respecting
+Generals Savary and Lallemand; he read it, and said, "that though he
+did not agree with me in opinion as to my honour or character being
+implicated, yet that he saw no harm in the letter." He then said, "You
+may tell those gentlemen who have threatened to be Buonaparte's
+executioners, that the law of England awards death to murderers, and
+that the certain consequence of such an act will be finishing their
+career on a gallows."
+
+After quitting his Lordship, I had an interview with Sir Henry
+Bunbury, previous to his setting out for London, and stated to him my
+feelings respecting the cruelty of delivering up to the French
+Government, men who had been received under the protection of the
+British flag. I said that I had no belief myself that any such
+intention existed; but that they were so strongly impressed with the
+conviction of it, that I had been induced to write to Lord Melville,
+and now begged to state to him, that I should consider myself
+dishonoured for ever, if they suffered death through my means. He
+listened, but did not speak till I had finished; when he told me he
+would repeat what I had said to his Majesty's Ministers.
+
+Madame Bertrand kept her bed the whole of this day, and did not appear
+at dinner. When Buonaparte came upon deck, he asked Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon, after her health; and then said, with an incredulous smile,
+"Do you really think, Doctor, she meant to drown herself?" I put the
+same question to Montholon; who said he had not a doubt of it, for,
+when he followed her into the cabin, she was in the act of throwing
+herself out of the gallery window; that he rushed forward and caught
+hold of her, and that she continued suspended by the bar that goes
+across the window, with the greater part of her body hanging out,
+until he received assistance to drag her in. The bar above-mentioned
+had been placed there for the purpose of preventing people from
+falling overboard when the window was open and the ship had much
+motion at sea.
+
+On returning on board after being with Lord Keith, I went into Madame
+Bertrand's cabin to see how she was, and found her in bed. I asked
+her, how she could be so indiscreet as to attempt to destroy herself?
+"Oh! I am driven to desperation," she said; "I do not know what I do;
+I cannot persuade my husband to remain behind, he being determined to
+accompany the Emperor to St Helena." She then ran into a great deal of
+abuse of Napoleon, saying, "If his ends are served, he does not care
+what becomes of other people. 'Tis true he has always given Bertrand
+lucrative and honourable situations, but the expense attending them is
+such, that it was impossible to save money; and he has never given him
+a grant of land, or any thing that permanently bettered our
+fortune."[9] On another occasion, she came into the cabin which I
+occupied, when I was writing, and, after exacting a promise of secrecy
+towards the remainder of the suite, she entreated I would take
+measures to prevent her husband from accompanying Buonaparte, and
+begged me to write a letter in her name to Lord Keith, to induce him
+to interfere. I told her it would appear extremely officious in me to
+write on such a subject, but that any thing she chose to put on paper
+I would deliver to his Lordship. She did write, and I carried the
+letter; but his Lordship declined interfering, desiring me to say, he
+considered it the duty of every good wife to follow the fortunes of
+her husband. In the course of the conversation above-mentioned, she
+became extremely warm in speaking of Napoleon, saying, "He deserves
+nothing at our hands; and, indeed, there is not one of his people who
+would not most gladly quit him." Whenever she became animated, she
+could not pour out her feelings in the English language fast enough,
+(though she spoke it remarkably well, having received her education
+partly in England,) when she had always recourse to French; and though
+I frequently reminded her that there was nothing but a piece of
+canvass between us and the ward-room, where there were generally some
+of the French officers, I could by no means keep her within bounds.
+The consequence of which was, that all she said was heard and
+understood by one of them. When Madame Bertrand had left me, Count
+Montholon requested to speak with me in private. He carried me up to
+his cabin on the quarter-deck, where I found Generals Gourgaud and
+Lallemand, who told me they had been informed of what Madame Bertrand
+had said to me; and they had requested to see me, for the purpose of
+contradicting her assertion, that they were desirous of quitting
+Buonaparte: that, so far from that being the case, there was not one
+of them that would not follow him with pleasure wherever he might be
+sent, or that would not lay down his life to serve him: they also
+required secrecy towards the Countess. I answered, "Why really,
+gentlemen, this is very extraordinary; you pretend to know all that
+passed in a private conversation I have had with Madame Bertrand, and
+then to bind me to secrecy: you may depend upon it, I will enter into
+no such engagement, until I know by what means you obtained your
+information." They then told me that one of them had been in the
+quarter-gallery, and overheard all she said.
+
+         [Footnote 9: [I cannot assent to your leaving out what Madame
+         Bertrand said respecting Bonaparte. But if she spoke
+         favourably of him in her calmer moments, I think it might be
+         mentioned in this place so as to claim some allowance for her
+         irritated state of feelings. It is, by-the-by, precisely at
+         such moments that real opinions start out which are at other
+         times carefully suppressed. What she said in her passion was
+         very true: B. was not fond of rendering his favourites
+         independent. I really think you cannot leave it out: as well
+         omit the threat of Savary &c., to kill B.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Nothing of importance occurred during the 2nd of August. Buonaparte
+did not appear upon deck; nor would he consent to nominate the people
+who were to accompany him to St Helena; he still seemed to indulge a
+hope, that the Government might be induced to reconsider the decision.
+I had half an hour's conversation with him in the cabin: it consisted,
+on his part, of complaints of the cruelty of sending him to St Helena.
+He likewise asked me many questions about that island, as to its
+extent, climate, and productions, whether it would be possible to take
+exercise on horseback, if there was game of any kind upon it, &c.: to
+all of which I could only answer from report, never having visited the
+island myself. He conversed very little at dinner, and appeared
+unwell. In the evening, General Bertrand informed me that the
+sentinel's calling out "All's well!" during the night disturbed him,
+and prevented his sleeping; upon which I gave directions they should
+not do so while he remained on board.
+
+During the 3rd of August Buonaparte kept his cabin. When I went to the
+Admiral, I met him escorting some ladies, in company with Sir William
+Lemon, to the Ville de Paris's barge. On being introduced to Sir
+William, he told me that a report was in circulation that a boat was
+to have been under the Bellerophon's stern the night before, at ten
+o'clock, for the purpose of effecting Buonaparte's escape. Although I
+gave no credit to the report, I immediately returned on board, and
+asked the first lieutenant if Buonaparte had been seen that morning;
+he informed me that he had not attended breakfast, and that no person
+had seen him but his own people. I then sent to the Eurotas, which lay
+astern of the ship, to enquire if he had appeared at the stern
+windows; but was answered in the negative: upon which I desired one of
+the young gentlemen to go out on the spanker-boom and look into the
+cabin windows, to ascertain if he was sitting on the sofa; but he
+could not discover him in any part of the cabin. I then became
+extremely uneasy, and sent my servant in to bring some paper out, who
+on entering found the object of my anxiety stretched out on his bed
+with his clothes on, and the curtains drawn close round him, with
+every appearance of being unwell. I had before asked Count Bertrand
+about him, who said he had passed a bad night, and was too ill to
+leave his apartment.
+
+Instead of retiring to his bed this evening between eight and nine
+o'clock, as was his usual custom, I heard him and another person (I
+believe General Bertrand) pacing up and down the cabin until past
+eleven; and in consequence gave directions to the officer of the watch
+and the sentries to be particularly vigilant; and ordered one of the
+guard-boats to remain under the ship's stern all night. He had still
+declined all this day giving a list of those that he wished to attend
+him to St Helena.
+
+At three in the morning of the 4th of August, the officer of the watch
+brought me a letter from Lord Keith, informing me that a courier had
+just arrived from London, and that it was probable the ship would be
+required to put to sea at a moment's notice. In consequence of this
+order, we unmoored at daylight, bent the top-gallant sails, and made
+other preparations for getting under weigh. The Frenchmen were very
+watchful of all our motions, appeared much alarmed and annoyed, and
+questioned me frequently as to the cause. I told them, what was
+literally the fact, that I had received directions to be ready to put
+to sea, but had no orders to carry it into effect; and that was all I
+knew.
+
+Between seven and eight o'clock, I waited on Lord Keith, who said he
+had received information that a habeas corpus had been taken out for
+the purpose of bringing Buonaparte on shore, and that a lawyer was on
+his way down to serve it; desiring me, therefore, to be ready to put
+to sea whenever the signal might be made.
+
+On returning on board, I had an interview with Buonaparte, who was
+very urgent to know why the ship was preparing for sea. I told him, by
+Lord Keith's directions, that it was the intention of our Government,
+his removal should take place at sea; and that we were going out to
+meet the Northumberland, the ship which was to convey him to St
+Helena.
+
+He begged I would write to Lord Keith, and say he wished very much to
+see him; and Count Bertrand told me he was also desirous of having the
+newspapers. I accordingly wrote to his Lordship, who was then on board
+the Tonnant: who, however, declined visiting him, but sent me a note,
+of which the following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of a Note from Admiral Viscount Keith, addressed to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, 4th August.
+
+
+"I send you the paper, and shall be glad to hear the determination of
+the General, whom you may inform that the answer is arrived from
+London, and that I have no authority to alter, in any degree, any part
+of the former communication; which induces me to wish the selection of
+the persons he is inclined should attend him."
+
+I communicated the contents to General Bertrand, who made his report
+to Buonaparte. On his coming out of the cabin, I pressed him on the
+subject of nominating those that were to go with him to St Helena; but
+the only answer he returned was, "L'Empereur n'ira pas a St
+Helene;"--the Emperor will not go to St Helena.
+
+Soon after nine o'clock, the Bellerophon's signal was made to prepare
+to weigh, and at half-past nine to weigh: we immediately started. As
+the light air of wind that blew was right into the Sound, and the
+flood-tide against us, the guard-boats were sent ahead to tow; but,
+soon observing a suspicious-looking person in a boat approaching the
+ship, I ordered one of them to cast off, keep under the ship's stern,
+and not allow any shore boat, under any pretext, to come near us. The
+person alluded to proved afterwards to have been the lawyer mentioned
+by Lord Keith; not with a Habeas Corpus, but a subpoena for
+Buonaparte to attend a trial at the Court of King's Bench as a
+witness. He was, however, foiled: as Lord Keith avoided him, and got
+on board the Prometheus, off the Ramehead, where he remained until
+joined by the Tonnant; while the guard-boat prevented him from
+approaching near enough to the Bellerophon, to serve his writ on
+me.[10]
+
+         [Footnote 10: [The business of the Habeas Corpus is so
+         whimsical that Capt. M. should get some legal friend to give
+         a brief idea of the nature of the process and the purpose for
+         which it was resorted to. The book will certainly be
+         instantly translated into French, and such an explanation as
+         I have hinted at will be extremely necessary. It should be
+         thrown into a note; a few words should be added on the
+         absurdity of the attempt. It will be otherwise thought and
+         said that Bonaparte was kidnapped out of England contrary to
+         the English laws. The real nature of the transaction should
+         be distinctly explained.--SCOTT. The following note
+         accordingly appears in the original edition:--]
+
+         To prevent erroneous impressions from going abroad, and to
+         put this curious circumstance in its true light, I have
+         prevailed on a friend, who was educated for the English bar,
+         to favour me with the following account of the writs of the
+         Habeas Corpus and subpoena; by which it will appear that no
+         such process, or any other, as far as I can understand, could
+         have had the effect of removing Buonaparte from one of His
+         Majesty's ships, and causing him to be landed in England in
+         opposition to the commands of the Government of the country.
+
+         "It is a common mistake to suppose that the celebrated Habeas
+         Corpus Act made it a matter of right, for every person, under
+         any restraint whatever to obtain this writ. That statute
+         related to persons committed by legal process for criminal
+         offences, and the object of it was to prevent them being
+         detained an unnecessary or unreasonable length of time,
+         without being brought to trial. Other cases of alleged
+         illegal detention were left as at common law: in these the
+         granting or refusal of the writ is discretionary in the
+         Court, or Judge applied to, and it will only be issued on a
+         proper case being laid before them. No such writ, it is
+         believed, was ever applied for in Buonaparte's case; nor, if
+         applied for, would it have been obtained. Where a foreigner,
+         in private life, is brought to England, and detained against
+         his will, the Court will grant the writ; but any application
+         of Buonaparte, or on his behalf, must have shown him to have
+         surrendered, and to have been then detained as a prisoner of
+         war. Under that character, he was not entitled to the benefit
+         of this writ; the Courts having refused it on the application
+         of individuals brought to England as prisoners of war, even
+         when applied for by the subject of a neutral power, who swore
+         to his having been compelled by force to serve the enemy, and
+         to have been captured in the course of that compulsory
+         service.
+
+         "The real transaction alluded to, is understood to have been
+         this: an individual being under prosecution for a libel on a
+         naval officer, censuring his conduct on the West India
+         station, when a French squadron was in those seas, pretended
+         that it would aid his defence to show that the French ships
+         were at that time in an unserviceable condition, and that
+         Buonaparte would be able to prove the fact. He accordingly
+         obtained a subpoena for him to attend as a witness on the
+         trial in the Court of King's Bench, and endeavoured himself,
+         and not by a lawyer, as at first supposed, to get on board
+         the Bellerophon to deliver it.
+
+         "This transaction probably gave currency to the rumours of a
+         Habeas Corpus having been issued, particularly as one
+         description of that writ is, the proceeding for bringing a
+         prisoner into Court to give evidence, which having given, he
+         is remanded to gaol.
+
+         "Had the individual in question succeeded in his attempt to
+         get on board the ship, and deliver the subpoena, it would
+         have been of no assistance either to himself or Buonaparte,
+         if it was at all intended to benefit the latter, as it would
+         not have been possible for him to obey it, there not being
+         any authority for Captain Maitland, who was answerable for
+         his safety as a prisoner, allowing him to do so. It was,
+         however, considered the most prudent course, by Lord Keith,
+         not to permit the delivery of the process, the exact nature
+         of which was at the moment unknown, lest it might involve
+         himself or Captain Maitland in any difficulty, by an apparent
+         disrespect to the Court, and more particularly as it might
+         create erroneous impressions in Buonaparte's mind, that a
+         breach of the law was committed in his not being permitted to
+         comply with the terms of the document, not aware that it
+         contained no power authorising his release from detention as
+         a prisoner of war."]
+
+While the ship was working out of the Sound, two well-dressed women in
+a boat kept as close to her as the guard-boat would allow, and,
+whenever Buonaparte appeared at the stern windows, stood up and waved
+their handkerchiefs.
+
+On joining the Prometheus off the Ramehead, where Lord Keith's flag
+was then flying, I received the following note from his Lordship.
+
+
+                       No date; received August 4th, in the Afternoon.
+
+"I have been chased all day by a lawyer with a Habeas Corpus: he is
+landed at Cawsand, and may come off in a sailing-boat during the
+night; of course, keep all sorts of boats off, as I will do the like
+in whatever ship I may be in.
+
+                                                               KEITH."
+
+"Captain Maitland."
+
+
+Buonaparte wrote another letter this evening to the Prince Regent,
+which I carried to Lord Keith, who again told me of his having been
+chased all day by a lawyer: who had first started him out of his own
+house, then followed him to the Tonnant, where he attempted to get in
+at one side, as his Lordship left her on the other; he afterwards
+pursued him towards Cawsand, but the Admiral being in a twelve-oared
+barge, out-rowed him, and gave him the slip round the Ramehead. It was
+on his return from this chase that he attempted to get on board the
+Bellerophon.
+
+Buonaparte now confined himself entirely to his cabin, never coming on
+deck, or appearing at breakfast or dinner. He was not served from the
+table, but what he ate was prepared and carried in to him by Marchand,
+his favourite valet de chambre. Messrs Bertrand and Las Cases passed
+much time with him; and this evening the protest was prepared, which
+will appear in the sequel.
+
+On the morning of the 5th of August, the weather was overcast, with a
+strong breeze of wind, and the sea began to rise, much to the
+discomposure of my poor French guests. Soon after breakfast, my signal
+being made from the Tonnant, where Lord Keith had now hoisted his
+flag, I told General Bertrand that I was going to the Admiral, and
+would convey anything Buonaparte had to say to him. He requested I
+would wait until a letter or paper, then under preparation, was
+finished, which was intended for me, but a copy to be presented to
+Lord Keith. I waited nearly an hour, when he brought me Buonaparte's
+protest. I delivered it to the Admiral, stating at the same time that
+I wished to have a copy; and was afterwards furnished with one by his
+Lordship's secretary. I insert it here.
+
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"Je proteste solennellement ici, a la face du Ciel et des hommes,
+contre la violence qui m'est faite, contre la violation de mes droits
+les plus sacres, en disposant par la force, de ma personne et de ma
+liberte.
+
+"Je suis venu librement a bord du Bellerophon; je ne suis point
+prisonnier; je suis l'hote de l'Angleterre. J'y suis venu a
+l'instigation meme du Capitaine qui a dit avoir des ordres du
+Gouvernement de me recevoir, et de me conduire en Angleterre avec ma
+suite, si cela m'etoit agreable. Je me suis presente de bonne foi pour
+venir me mettre sous la protection des loix d'Angleterre. Aussitot
+assis a bord du Bellerophon, je fus sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Si le Gouvernement, en donnant des ordres au Capitaine du
+Bellerophon, de me recevoir ainsi que ma suite, n'a voulu que tendre
+une embuche, il a forfait a l'honneur et fletri son pavillon. Si cet
+acte se consommoit, ce seroit en vain que les Anglais voudroient
+parler a l'Europe de leur loyaute, de leur loix, et de leur liberte.
+La foi Britannique _s'y trouvera perdue dans l'hospitalite du
+Bellerophon_. J'en appelle a l'histoire; elle dira qu'un ennemi qui
+fit vingt ans la guerre aux peuples Anglois, vint librement, dans son
+infortune, chercher un asile sous ses loix. Quelle plus eclatante
+preuve pouvait-il lui donner de son estime et de sa confiance? Mais
+comment repondit-on en Angleterre a une telle magnanimite?--On feignit
+de tendre une main hospitaliere a cet ennemi, et quand il se fut livre
+de bonne foi, on l'immola.
+
+                                                    "Signe, NAPOLEON."
+
+  A bord du Bellerophon,
+  4 Aout, 1815.
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"I hereby solemnly protest, in the face of Heaven and of men, against
+the violence done me, and against the violation of my most sacred
+rights, in forcibly disposing of my person and my liberty. I came
+voluntarily on board of the Bellerophon; I am not a prisoner, I am
+the guest of England. I came on board even at the instigation of the
+Captain, who told me he had orders from the Government to receive me
+and my suite, and conduct me to England, if agreeable to me. I
+presented myself with good faith to put myself under the protection of
+the English laws. As soon as I was on board the Bellerophon, I was
+under shelter of the British people.
+
+"If the Government, in giving orders to the Captain of the Bellerophon
+to receive me as well as my suite, only intended to lay a snare for
+me, it has forfeited its honour and disgraced its flag.
+
+"If this act be consummated, the English will in vain boast to Europe
+of their integrity, their laws, and their liberty. British good faith
+will be lost in the hospitality of the Bellerophon.
+
+"I appeal to History; it will say that an enemy, who for twenty years
+waged war against the English people, came voluntarily, in his
+misfortunes, to seek an asylum under their laws. What more brilliant
+proof could he give of his esteem and his confidence? But what return
+did England make for so much magnanimity? They feigned to stretch
+forth a friendly hand to that enemy; and when he delivered himself up
+in good faith, they sacrificed him.
+
+                                                   "Signed, NAPOLEON."
+
+  "On board the Bellerophon,
+  4th August 1815."
+
+
+On the above I shall only observe, that no snare had been laid, either
+on the part of His Majesty's Government or mine. I was placed before
+Rochefort for the open purpose of preventing Buonaparte from making
+his escape from that port; and the exertions of myself and those under
+my command had been so completely successful, that the intention of
+forcing past the ships under my orders, as well as every other plan
+proposed, of which there appear to have been several, were abandoned
+as utterly hopeless. And so far was I from seeking communication with
+Napoleon, that all the flags of truce proceeding from him, were
+strongly reprobated by me, as improper, except in extraordinary cases,
+and were only resorted to when, as appears from Lord Keith's letter of
+the 23rd of July, orders had been sent from Paris for his arrest, and
+when (as has since been proved) one or more intimations had been given
+by the officer commanding in Isle d'Aix, that, if he did not depart,
+he would be under the necessity of detaining him. Besides, it is now
+perfectly ascertained, that the determination of repairing to England
+was adopted at a consultation held by Buonaparte on the night of the
+13th of July, when his letter to the Prince Regent was written; and
+Messrs Las Cases and Lallemand were sent on the morning of the 14th
+to discover if I would receive him on board the Bellerophon, and
+convey him to that country.
+
+On the morning of the 6th of August, when walking the deck with
+Monsieur Las Cases, he for the first time mentioned, that he
+understood me to have assured him that the Emperor would be well
+received in England, and allowed to reside there. I replied, "I cannot
+conceive how you could so far misunderstand me, as I constantly, in my
+communications with you, stated that I could make no promises
+whatever: that I thought my orders would bear me out in receiving him
+on board, and conveying him to England; but even in doing that, I
+acted very much upon my own responsibility. You questioned me
+frequently, as to my private opinion; and as I was quite ignorant upon
+the subject, I could only say I had no reason to believe he would be
+ill received." It did not, however, require my assistance to raise
+the hopes of those about Buonaparte, respecting the manner in which he
+was to be received in England; as one of his followers, on the passage
+home, asked me if I thought the Prince Regent would confer the order
+of the Garter upon him. If there was any misunderstanding, (which I
+cannot allow to have been the case,) Monsieur Las Cases has himself to
+blame. When he came on board of the Bellerophon for the purpose of
+treating, he concealed his knowledge of the English language; which,
+as I had considerable difficulty in expressing myself in French, could
+only be intended for the purpose of throwing me off my guard, that he
+might take advantage of any expressions that fell from me, or the
+officers I had always present at our meetings. Even after he was on
+board with Buonaparte, though he acknowledged he could read English,
+and always translated the newspapers for his master, he affected not
+to be able to speak it. What his actual knowledge of the language
+was, the following extract of a letter, from a friend of mine on board
+the Northumberland, dated at sea, August the 22nd, 1815, will show:
+
+"I do not know, whether Las Cases ever let you know he could speak
+English; but this I can assure you, that he speaks it very near as
+well as Madame Bertrand, and can hold a conversation, or maintain an
+argument in it, with as much fluency as she can."
+
+This forenoon, I had a long conversation with Buonaparte. He
+complained bitterly of the conduct of the British Government; and
+entered, at considerable length, into the state of his affairs when he
+determined upon the measure of repairing on board the Bellerophon.
+"There still," said he, "was a large party in the South, that wished
+me to put myself at its head; the army behind the Loire was also
+desirous of my return. At ten o'clock of the night before I embarked,
+a deputation from the garrison of Rochelle waited upon me, with an
+offer to conduct me to the army; in addition to which, the troops that
+were in Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and Isle d'Aix, amounting to twelve
+thousand men, were at my disposal. But I saw there was no prospect of
+ultimate success, though I might have occasioned a great deal of
+trouble and bloodshed, which I did not choose should take place on my
+account individually;--while the Empire was at stake, it was another
+matter."
+
+In the afternoon, Mr O'Meara, the surgeon, informed me that General
+Savary had made a proposal to him to accompany Buonaparte to St Helena
+as his medical attendant; Monsieur Maingaut, his surgeon, being a
+young man with whom he was little acquainted, having suffered so much
+from seasickness in the passage from Rochefort, that he felt averse to
+undertaking another sea voyage. He consulted me as to the propriety
+of accepting the offer. I told him it must depend very much upon his
+own feelings; but if he had no dislike to it, he had better accept the
+proposal, on condition that our Government consented, and agreed to
+pay his salary; but, in that case, an official communication must
+pass, through me, to the Admiral on the subject. This was the first
+intimation I received of Buonaparte having made any arrangement
+towards complying with the notification he had received from our
+Government.
+
+About nine A.M. a large ship was seen to leeward, which, on closing,
+proved to be the Northumberland. The whole squadron then stood in, and
+anchored to the westward of Berryhead. I went on board the Tonnant,
+and reported to Lord Keith that Buonaparte had at last made up his
+mind to move from the Bellerophon without force being used; and that
+Count Bertrand was desirous of seeing his Lordship, that he might make
+the necessary arrangements about the people who were to accompany
+him. By the Admiral's directions, I returned to my ship and brought
+Monsieur Bertrand to him. Soon after Sir George Cockburn arrived, and
+they were shut up together for nearly two hours.
+
+When I first went on board the Tonnant, I received a memorandum from
+Lord Keith, from which I give an extract; and at the same time a
+verbal intimation, that I should receive an order in writing the next
+day, to, remove Buonaparte, and such part of his suite as he might
+select, to the Northumberland.
+
+
+Extract of a Memorandum from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed
+to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off the
+Start, 6th August, 1815.
+
+
+"All arms of every description are to be taken from the Frenchmen of
+all ranks on board the ship you command; and they are to be carefully
+packed up and kept in your charge, while they remain on board the
+Bellerophon; and afterwards in that of the captain of the ship to
+which they may be removed."
+
+While we were at dinner, Generals Bertrand and Montholon were employed
+making out lists of what would be required by the French officers and
+the ladies, to render them comfortable during their voyage to St
+Helena, which were despatched to Plymouth by Sir George Cockburn's
+secretary.
+
+In the course of the evening Lord Keith and Sir George Cockburn came
+on board the Bellerophon; when the latter was introduced to
+Buonaparte.
+
+As soon as General Bertrand was at leisure, I told him I had orders to
+remove Napoleon to the Northumberland the following day, and also to
+take away the arms from him and his attendants, giving him to
+understand that they would be returned on their arrival at their
+destination. He seemed much hurt at being deprived of his arms, but
+said he would give directions for their being delivered; and I
+received them the next morning, with the exception of Buonaparte's
+sword, which, by an order I subsequently received from Lord Keith, he
+was permitted to wear, when quitting the ship.
+
+About half-past nine in the evening, Mons. Bertrand told me that
+Buonaparte was desirous of seeing me. On going into his cabin, he
+said, "Bertrand informs me you have received orders to remove me to
+the Northumberland; is it so?" I answered in the affirmative. "Have
+you any objection," he said, "to writing a letter to Bertrand,
+acquainting him of it; that I may have a document to prove that I was
+forced to quit the ship, and that my inclinations were not
+consulted." I replied, "I can have no objection to write such a
+letter, and shall do it this evening." I was then going to retire,
+when he requested me to remain, having more to say. "Your Government,"
+he continued, "has treated me with much severity, and in a very
+different way from what I had hoped and expected, from the opinion I
+had formed of the character of your countrymen. It is true I have
+always been the enemy of England, but it has ever been an open and
+declared one; and I paid it the highest compliment it was possible for
+man to do in throwing myself on the generosity of your Prince: I have
+not now to learn, however, that it is not fair to judge of the
+character of a people by the conduct of their Government." He then
+went on, (alluding to the Government,) "They say I made no conditions.
+Certainly I made no conditions; how could an individual enter into
+terms with a nation? I wanted nothing of them but hospitality, or, as
+the ancients would express it, 'air and water.' My only wish was to
+purchase a small property in England, and end my life there in peace
+and tranquillity. As for you, Capitaine," (the name by which he always
+addressed me) "I have no cause of complaint; your conduct to me has
+been that of a man of honour; but I cannot help feeling the severity
+of my fate, in having the prospect of passing the remainder of my life
+on a desert island. But," added he with a strong emphasis, "if your
+Government give up Savary and Lallemand to the King of France, they
+will inflict a stain upon the British name that no time can efface." I
+told him, in that respect, they were under an erroneous impression;
+that I was convinced it was not the intention of his Majesty's
+Ministers to deliver them up. "Je l'espere," "I hope so;" was his only
+reply.--I then took my leave of him for the night.
+
+That I may not break in upon the occurrences of the 7th, I shall here
+insert the letter I wrote at Buonaparte's request, and a copy of the
+orders under which I acted in removing him from the Bellerophon to the
+Northumberland.
+
+
+                                       "H.M.S. Bellerophon, Start Bay,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I beg to acquaint you that I have this day received orders from Lord
+Keith, Commander in Chief of the Channel Fleet, to remove General
+Buonaparte from the ship I command, to his Majesty's ship
+Northumberland; and I have to request you will intimate the above to
+the General, that he may prepare for the removal.
+
+"I likewise enclose a copy of an order respecting the arms of General
+Buonaparte and the whole of his attendants, and request you will give
+directions for their being delivered to me, that they may be disposed
+of as the order directs.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     &c. &c. &c.
+                                                   FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Lieut. General Count Bertrand."
+
+
+Copy of the order alluded to.
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to deliver the persons, named
+below, into the charge of Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815.
+                         KEITH, Admiral.
+
+  "By command of the Admiral,
+                        "JAMES MEEK, Secretary."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+  General Buonaparte.
+  Count Bertrand, his Wife, three children, one female servant, and
+    her child.
+  General Montholon, his Wife, one child, and one female servant.
+  General Gourgaud.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases, and his son.
+  Marchand, Premier Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis, ditto.
+  Novarra, ditto.
+  Pieron, Chef d'Office.
+  Le Page, Cuisinier.
+  Archambaud, Premier Valet de Pied.
+  Gentilini, Valet de Pied.
+  Bernard, domestique du Comte Bertrand.
+
+The four domestics underneath, who had come to England in the
+Myrmidon, also accompanied him:--
+
+  Cipriani, Maitre d'Hotel.
+  Santini, Huissier.
+  Rousseau, Lampiste.
+  Archambaud, Valet de Pied.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off Berryhead,
+7th August, 1815.
+
+
+"When the General quits the ship, it is not intended to take his sword
+from him, but to let him wear it, but not the others. Pistols, guns,
+&c. must, _as in all instances_, be removed for the safety of the
+ship, but the arms are carefully to be kept, and restored at a proper
+occasion."
+
+
+On the morning of the 7th of August, 1815, Count Las Cases made an
+application to me for permission to wait on Lord Keith, having a
+communication to make to him. I, in consequence, went to his Lordship,
+and obtained leave to send him. When the Admiral came on board the
+Bellerophon, in the forenoon, to attend Buonaparte in his removal to
+the Northumberland, he informed me that Monsieur Las Cases had
+represented to him, that I had promised Buonaparte should be well
+received in England, and allowed to remain there; and the same day he
+wrote a letter to me containing the above statement, and directing me
+to report upon it, which I afterwards did, as will hereafter appear.
+
+Count Bertrand was employed, during the morning, making out a list of
+those that were to proceed to St Helena with Buonaparte, in which
+General Gourgaud's name was omitted, and Colonel Planat was nominated
+his Secretary. This offended Monsieur Gourgaud so much, that he made
+use of some very strong language to General Bertrand; and after a good
+deal of altercation, it was arranged, I believe by Buonaparte himself,
+that Gourgaud should take Planat's place. There was also another cause
+of disagreement. The number of domestics allowed to go to St Helena
+being only twelve, did not admit of all the officers taking their
+personal attendants; General Montholon was obliged to leave a servant
+who had been with him many years, and Count Bertrand's was the only
+exception.
+
+General Bertrand had been so much employed all the morning making
+preparations for their removal, that he did not come to breakfast
+until every one had finished; his wife remained at the table, as I did
+also, as a mark of attention to him. She soon commenced an attack on
+her husband, to induce him to quit Buonaparte and remain in England.
+He seemed much distressed, but remained silent. At last, she turned to
+me, and begged I would give an opinion, and use my influence in favour
+of her proposal. I said, "Madame Bertrand, I have from the beginning
+endeavoured to avoid meddling in the very unpleasant discussions that
+have been going on for some days; but, as you demand my opinion, and
+force me to give it, I must acquaint you that I think, if your
+husband quits his master at such a time as the present, he will
+forfeit the very high character he now bears in this country." I then
+rose from the table and went upon deck.
+
+A short time after, Madame Bertrand came on deck, and, addressing me
+with much indignation in her countenance, said, "So, Captain Maitland,
+I hear the Emperor is not to have the whole of the after-cabin on
+board the Northumberland." I told her, I understood that Sir George
+Cockburn had received orders to that effect. "They had better treat
+him like a dog at once," said she, "and put him down in the hold." I
+had for several days been kept in a state of irritation that cannot be
+described, and such as few people have had an opportunity of
+experiencing. Madame Bertrand had, it will be readily understood, some
+share in causing this; and on her making the above remark, I am sorry
+to say, the little self-possession that still remained gave way, and I
+answered in these words, "Madam, you talk like a very foolish woman;
+and if you cannot speak more to the purpose, or with more respect of
+the Government I have the honour to serve, I request you will not
+address yourself to me." Just before she went out of the ship,
+however, she came up to me in a conciliatory and friendly manner, that
+did her the highest honour, and said, "Captain Maitland, you called me
+a very foolish woman this morning, but I should be sorry to part with
+you on bad terms; have you any objection to shake hands with me? as
+God knows if we shall ever meet again." "Very far from it," I
+answered; "I should be extremely sorry you left the ship without
+receiving my good wishes for your happiness and prosperity; and if, in
+the warmth of my temper, and under the harassing circumstances of my
+situation, I have said anything unpleasant, I most sincerely beg your
+pardon, and hope you will forgive and forget it."
+
+Soon after breakfast, Marchand came and said the Emperor wished to see
+me: I went into the cabin. "I have requested to see you, Captain,"
+said he, "to return you my thanks for your kindness and attention to
+me whilst I have been on board the Bellerophon, and likewise to beg
+you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you command.
+My reception in England has been very different from what I expected;
+but it gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your
+conduct to me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of
+honour." He then said, he was desirous of having Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon of the Bellerophon, to accompany him; and asked my opinion of
+him in his medical capacity, as well as of his principles. I replied,
+that I had the highest opinion of him, both for his skill and
+attention; that he had given me so much satisfaction while under my
+command, that I had procured his removal from two different ships in
+which he had served with me previous to my appointment to the
+Bellerophon, that he might accompany me; and that I was convinced he
+was a man of principle and integrity. After conversing some time
+longer with him, during which he spoke in the warmest terms of
+affection of General Bertrand, and the obligations he felt to him for
+his remaining with him during his adversity, when he knew strong
+efforts had been used to induce him to abandon him, I took my leave;
+and this was the last time I was ever alone with him.
+
+Soon after, Sir George Cockburn came on board, attended by Mr Byng as
+his secretary, for the purpose of examining Buonaparte's baggage: he
+had directions to apply to some person of his suite to attend at the
+search. The proposal was made to Count Bertrand; but he was so
+indignant at the measure, that he positively refused either to be
+present himself or to direct any other person to superintend. General
+Savary, however, consented, and was present, as well as Marchand. The
+covers of the trunks were merely opened, and Mr Byng passed his hand
+down the side, but the things were not unpacked. Once or twice, when
+the door of the after-cabin was opened, Buonaparte expressed his
+obligation to Mr Byng for the delicate manner in which he conducted
+the search, by bowing to him. When they came to the boxes containing
+the money, of which there were two, Marchand was permitted to take out
+such sum as was considered necessary for paying the wages of the
+servants that were to be left behind, and for other contingent
+expenses. One box, containing four thousand gold Napoleons, was
+retained and put under my charge, where it remained until my arrival
+in London, when I delivered it to Sir Hudson Lowe to be restored to
+its owner, as will be seen by the following order, receipts, &c.
+
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to receive into your custody
+such a sum of money belonging to General Buonaparte, as will be
+delivered into your charge by Rear-Admiral Sir George Cockburn,
+granting proper receipts for the same.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815,
+                  "KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+
+"J'ai laisse le sept d'aout, a bord du Bellerophon, a Monsieur le
+Capitaine Maitland, une somme de quatre vingt mille francs, en quatre
+mille Napoleons d'or.
+
+                                                       "MARCHAND,
+                                            Premier Valet de Chambre."
+
+
+On the 7th of August, I have left on board the Bellerophon, in charge
+of Captain Maitland, the sum of eighty thousand francs, in four
+thousand gold Napoleons.
+
+                                                        MARCHAND,
+                                                 1st Valet de Chambre.
+
+
+"I acknowledge to have received a box with four paper packages, _said_
+to contain four thousand gold Napoleons, the property of Napoleon
+Buonaparte.
+
+                                                    "August 7th, 1815,
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Approved, George Cockburn."
+
+
+As I shall not have to revert to the subject of the money, I shall
+here subjoin the receipt I obtained on delivering it at the Admiralty
+Office, though it is of a date some time posterior.
+
+
+                                       "Admiralty, September 14, 1815.
+
+"Received from Captain Maitland a box, containing four packages,
+marked each 20,000 francs, and said to contain four thousand Napoleons
+d'or."
+
+                                             "H. LOWE, Major General."
+
+
+About eleven A.M., Lord Keith came on board in the Tonnant's barge, to
+accompany Buonaparte from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland. Count
+Bertrand immediately went into the cabin to inform him of his
+Lordship's arrival: it was, however, full two hours before it was
+reported that he was ready to attend him. About one o'clock, the barge
+of the Admiral was prepared; a Captain's guard turned out, and by Lord
+Keith's direction, as Napoleon crossed the quarter-deck to leave the
+ship, the guard presented arms, and three ruffles of the drum were
+beat, being the salute given to a General Officer.
+
+He walked out of the cabin with a steady, firm step, came up to me,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "Captain Maitland, I take this last
+opportunity of once more returning you my thanks for the manner in
+which you have treated me while on board the Bellerophon, and also to
+request you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you
+command:" then turning to the Officers, who were standing by me, he
+added, "Gentlemen, I have requested your Captain to express my
+gratitude to you for your attention to me, and to those who have
+followed my fortunes." He then went forward to the gangway; and before
+he went down the ship's side, bowed two or three times to the ship's
+company, who were collected in the waist and on the forecastle; he
+was followed by the ladies and the French Officers, and lastly by Lord
+Keith. After the boat had shoved off, and got the distance of about
+thirty yards from the ship, he stood up, pulled his hat off, and bowed
+first to the Officers, and then to the men; and immediately sat down,
+and entered into conversation with Lord Keith, with as much apparent
+composure as if he had been only going from one ship to the other to
+pay a visit.
+
+About a quarter of an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon,
+Montholon came to me on the quarter-deck, and said, "I am directed by
+the Emperor to return you his thanks for the manner in which you have
+conducted yourself throughout the whole of this affair; and he desires
+me to say, that the greatest cause of disappointment he feels in not
+being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent is, that he had
+intended to ask as a favour from his Royal Highness, that you should
+be promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral." I answered, "that although
+the request could not have been complied with under any circumstances,
+as it was contrary to the regulations of our naval service, yet I do
+not the less feel the kindness of the intention." "He meant also," he
+said, "to have presented you with a box containing his portrait, but
+he understands you are determined not to accept it." I replied, "In
+the situation I am placed, it is quite impossible I can receive any
+present from him." "He is perfectly aware," said he, "of the delicacy
+of your situation, and approves of your conduct." I then said, "I feel
+much hurt that Count Las Cases should have stated to Lord Keith, that
+I had promised Buonaparte should be well received in England, or
+indeed made promises of any sort. I have endeavoured to conduct myself
+with integrity and honour throughout the whole of this transaction,
+and therefore cannot allow such an assertion to go uncontradicted."
+"Oh!" said he, "Las Cases negotiated this business; it has turned out
+very differently from what he and all of us expected. He attributes
+the Emperor's situation to himself, and is therefore desirous of
+giving it the best countenance he can; but I assure you, the Emperor
+is convinced your conduct has been most honourable": then taking my
+hand, he pressed it, and added, "and that is my opinion also."
+
+In the course of the afternoon, I attended General Savary and
+Lallemand on board the Northumberland, where they went for the purpose
+of taking a last farewell of their master. I had very little
+conversation with him myself, but they remained with him a
+considerable time. When I was about to return to my ship, I went into
+the cabin to tell them they must accompany me. They approached him in
+the after-cabin, where he was standing, when he embraced each of them
+most affectionately, after the French manner, putting his arms round
+them, and touching their cheeks with his. He was firm and collected;
+but, in turning from him, the tears were streaming from their eyes. On
+getting on board, all the squadron got under weigh, the Tonnant and
+Bellerophon to return to Plymouth, the Northumberland, with two troop
+ships in company, to proceed to St Helena. The following day she was
+joined by a frigate and several sloops of war from Plymouth, when she
+made sail to the westward.
+
+Having now brought my narrative down to the period of Buonaparte's
+quitting the ship, it only remains for me to give some account of his
+person and character, as far as it fell under my view. In doing so, I
+shall endeavour, as far as possible, in the same spirit with which the
+foregoing narrative is written, to avoid being biassed, either by
+favourable or unfavourable feelings towards him. What he may have been
+when at the head of the French Empire, with the destiny of the
+greater part of Europe under his control, I have no peculiar means of
+knowing; all I can pretend to do is, to describe him as he was on
+board the Bellerophon; adding a few anecdotes, which have been omitted
+in the course of the narrative, as serving to throw some further light
+upon his character.
+
+Napoleon Buonaparte, when he came on board the Bellerophon, on the
+15th of July, 1815, wanted exactly one month of completing his
+forty-sixth year, being born the 15th of August, 1769. He was then a
+remarkably strong, well-built man, about five feet seven inches high,
+his limbs particularly well-formed, with a fine ancle and very small
+foot, of which he seemed rather vain, as he always wore, while on
+board the ship, silk stockings and shoes. His hands were also very
+small, and had the plumpness of a woman's rather than the robustness
+of a man's. His eyes light grey, teeth good; and when he smiled, the
+expression of his countenance was highly pleasing; when under the
+influence of disappointment, however, it assumed a dark gloomy cast.
+His hair was of a very dark brown, nearly approaching to black, and,
+though a little thin on the top and front, had not a grey hair amongst
+it. His complexion was a very uncommon one, being of a light sallow
+colour, differing from almost any other I ever met with. From his
+having become corpulent, he had lost much of his personal activity,
+and, if we are to give credit to those who attended him, a very
+considerable portion of his mental energy was also gone. It is certain
+his habits were very lethargic while he was on board the Bellerophon;
+for though he went to bed between eight and nine o'clock in the
+evening, and did not rise till about the same hour in the morning, he
+frequently fell asleep on the sofa in the cabin in the course of the
+day. His general appearance was that of a man rather older than he
+then was. His manners were extremely pleasing and affable: he joined
+in every conversation, related numerous anecdotes, and endeavoured, in
+every way, to promote good humour: he even admitted his attendants to
+great familiarity; and I saw one or two instances of their
+contradicting him in the most direct terms, though they generally
+treated him with much respect. He possessed, to a wonderful degree, a
+facility in making a favourable impression upon those with whom he
+entered into conversation: this appeared to me to be accomplished by
+turning the subject to matters he supposed the person he was
+addressing was well acquainted with, and on which he could show
+himself to advantage. This had the effect of putting him in good
+humour with himself; after which it was not a very difficult matter to
+transfer a part of that feeling to the person who had occasioned it.
+Lord Keith appears to have formed a very high opinion of the
+fascination of his conversation, and expressed it very emphatically
+to me, after he had seen him: speaking of his wish for an interview
+with the Prince Regent, "D----n the fellow," he said, "if he had
+obtained an interview with his Royal Highness, in half an hour they
+would have been the best friends in England."[11] He appeared to have
+great command of temper; for, though no man could have had greater
+trials than fell to his lot during the time he remained on board the
+Bellerophon, he never, in my presence, or as far as I know, allowed a
+fretful or captious expression to escape him: even the day he received
+the notification from Sir Henry Bunbury, that it was determined to
+send him to St Helena, he chatted and conversed with the same
+cheerfulness as usual. It has been asserted that he was acting a part
+all the time he was on board the ship; but still, even allowing that
+to be the case, nothing but great command of temper could have enabled
+him to have sustained such a part for so many days, in his situation.
+
+         [Footnote 11: [I do entreat and conjure that the natural and
+         sailor-like speech of Lord Keith be not tampered with. It is
+         really a sin to knock the spirit out of a work by such
+         over-delicacy.--SCOTT.]]
+
+I shall here relate a circumstance that occurred during the passage to
+England, which will show in a strong point of view the freedom that
+subsisted between him and those of his attendants in whom he had
+confidence. A conversation took place respecting the relative state of
+cultivation in France and in England. My opinion being asked, I said,
+that though the climate of France was much superior to that of
+England, I believed that agriculture had arrived at a greater state of
+perfection with us than in France. Most of the Frenchmen treated the
+idea with ridicule; upon which I said, let us refer to Monsieur Las
+Cases, who has lived several years in England. "You are right," said
+he; "there can be no doubt, that agriculture has arrived to much
+greater perfection in England than in France; but what I admire most
+in England, are the country-seats of your noblemen and gentlemen;
+there you surpass France very much." General Bertrand then took up the
+conversation, and said, that he was assured, that thirty thousand
+pounds sterling was annually expended on the park and grounds of
+Blenheim. Buonaparte immediately reduced that sum into livres; and
+observed, "The thing is impossible: the English people are not fools;
+they know the value of money, and no individual either could or would
+expend such a sum for such a purpose." He then spoke of the expense of
+keeping up Malmaison, one of the country palaces in France; stating
+the sum it cost annually, which did not exceed five thousand pounds.
+Bertrand still persisted in his statement, and made a reference to me.
+I, however, could give no information further than saying, that from
+what I had heard of the Duke of Marlborough's finances, he could not
+possibly lay out any such sum on Blenheim. Monsieur Bertrand would not
+give up the point, but repeated his assertion. On which Buonaparte
+said, with quickness, "Bah! c'est impossible." "Oh!" said Bertrand,
+much offended, "if you are to reply in that manner, there is an end of
+all argument;" and for some time would not converse with him.
+Buonaparte, so far from taking umbrage, did all he could to soothe him
+and restore him to good-humour, which was not very difficult to
+effect.
+
+One morning he began to talk of his wife and child, and desired
+Marchand to bring two or three miniature pictures to show me: he spoke
+of them with much feeling and affection. "I feel," said he, "the
+conduct of the allied sovereigns to be more cruel and unjustifiable
+towards me in that respect than in any other. Why should they deprive
+me of the comforts of domestic society, and take from me what must be
+the dearest objects of affection to every man--my child, and the
+mother of that child?" On his expressing himself as above, I looked
+him steadily in the face, to observe whether he showed any emotion:
+the tears were standing in his eyes, and the whole of his countenance
+appeared evidently under the influence of a strong feeling of grief.
+
+There were two pictures of young Napoleon: one in the dress of a
+Polish lancer, and the other with long curly flowing ringlets: they
+both represented a fair, strong, chubby boy, with features very much
+resembling those of his father. That of his mother, a very fair woman,
+with good features, but by no means handsome.
+
+From the observations I was enabled to make, I very much doubt
+Monsieur Savary's statement, that the passion of ambition was so
+completely overcome in his bosom, "that had it been proposed to him
+again to ascend the throne of France, he would have declined it"; and
+I do think, that if he had succeeded in eluding the British cruisers
+and arrived in America, he would always have looked forward to
+returning to France. In all his conversations, he spoke of ambition as
+a quality absolutely necessary to form the character of a soldier. On
+one occasion, Savary spoke of Kleber, (who was left by Napoleon in
+command of the army when he quitted Egypt,) in terms of high encomium;
+this brought on a discussion upon the respective merits of that
+officer and Dessaix, whose aid-de-camp Savary had been during the
+negotiation of the convention of El Arish. Buonaparte, speaking of
+Kleber, bestowed upon him great praise as an officer; but he added,
+"He was deficient in one of the most necessary qualifications of a
+soldier,--ambition. He was indolent, and required constant spurring.
+Dessaix, on the contrary, had all his abilities, which were kept in
+constant activity by a mind whose ambition there was no satisfying;
+and, had they both lived to the present period, he would have been
+much the greater man of the two."
+
+It does not appear from the statement of Buonaparte's attendants, that
+he had made any very considerable provision for the future, in the
+event of a reverse of fortune. They often regretted his poverty; and
+Madame Bertrand assured me that he was not possessed of more than a
+million of francs--forty-two thousand pounds of our money[12]; which,
+if correct, is certainly not a very large sum for a man who had had so
+many millions at his disposal. "The Emperor has always declared," she
+said, "that he would rise or fall with the country, and never would
+enrich himself out of the public property." He also upon one occasion,
+when there was some intention of leaving Madame Bertrand with her
+children in England, after stating Bertrand's poverty as an objection
+to that arrangement, said to me, "My finances are not such as to
+enable me to give him much assistance."
+
+         [Footnote 12: Since this narrative was written in the year
+         1815, it has been proved by Buonaparte's will, that either
+         his attendants were misinformed, or that they, as well as
+         himself, misrepresented the state of his finances, as he left
+         in the hands of Lafitte, the banker, in Paris, a sum of money
+         amounting to nearly four hundred thousand pounds sterling,
+         besides a very considerable sum said to be vested in the
+         American funds.]
+
+Buonaparte's carriage, which was taken at the battle of Waterloo by
+the Prussian cavalry, contained many articles of great value. In it
+was a necessaire, in which all the instruments, bason, &c. were
+composed of gold; a sword set with diamonds, and a diamond necklace,
+estimated at a very large sum of money, which one of his sisters (I
+think, the Princess of Borghese) put round his neck the night he took
+leave of her at Paris, on his setting out to join the army previous to
+the battle of Waterloo, and which he had taken off and deposited in a
+secret place in the carriage; Marchand, his valet de chambre, being so
+nearly taken by the Prussian hussars, that he quitted the carriage
+without having time to secure it. But I have since learned from Las
+Cases's Memoirs, that the necklace alluded to was saved, and that Las
+Cases had it concealed about his person all the time he was on board
+the Bellerophon.
+
+It has been stated in many of the public prints, that had not the
+Marquis of Anglesea received a wound when he was leading on a charge,
+Buonaparte must have fallen into his hands. In consequence of
+observing this assertion, I asked Generals Bertrand and Gourgaud
+whether they knew if any such occurrence had taken place: both of whom
+replied, "Certainly not; the Emperor was frequently in the midst of
+the British troops (pele-mele avec les troupes Angloises); but at no
+time during the battle was he in danger of being captured by a charge
+of cavalry."
+
+The midshipmen of the Bellerophon were in the habit of occasionally
+performing plays, to amuse themselves and the officers during the
+tedious operations of a blockade. Buonaparte being told of it by
+Savary, requested that they would oblige him by acting one for his
+amusement. During the performance, Madame Bertrand sat next to him,
+and interpreted. He appeared much amused, and laughed very heartily at
+our ladies, who were personated by great strapping fellows dressed in
+women's clothes, and not in the most tidy fashion. He had the patience
+to remain to the end of the third act, though, when attending the
+Opera at Paris, he had always retired at the end of the first.
+
+I heard several of the French officers discussing the merits of the
+British troops. One of them said, "The cavalry is superb." I
+observed, "In England we have a higher opinion of our infantry." "You
+are right," said he; "there is none such in the world: there is no
+making an impression on them: you may as well attempt to charge
+through a wall: and their fire is tremendous." Another of them
+observed: "A great fault in your cavalry is their not having their
+horses sufficiently under command: there must be something wrong in
+the bit, as on one or two occasions in a charge, they could not stop
+their horses: our troops opened to the right and left, let them pass
+through, and then closed their ranks again, when they were either
+killed or taken prisoners."
+
+I never heard Buonaparte speak of the battle of Waterloo, or give an
+opinion of the Duke of Wellington; but I asked General Bertrand what
+Napoleon thought of him. "Why," replied he, "I will give you his
+opinion nearly in the words he delivered it to me. 'The Duke of
+Wellington, in the management of an army, is fully equal to myself,
+with the advantage of possessing more prudence.'"
+
+During the time that Buonaparte was on board the Bellerophon, we
+always lived expressly for his accommodation--entirely in the French
+manner; that is to say, a hot meal was served at ten o'clock in the
+morning, and another at six in the evening; and so nearly did they
+resemble each other in all respects, that a stranger might have found
+difficulty, in coming into the cabin, to distinguish breakfast from
+dinner. His maitre d'hotel took the joints off the table, cut them up
+in portions, and then handed them round. Buonaparte ate a great deal,
+and generally of strong solid food: in drinking he was extremely
+abstemious, confining himself almost entirely to claret, and seldom
+taking more than half-a-pint at a meal. Immediately after dinner,
+strong coffee was handed round, and then some cordial; after which he
+rose from table, the whole meal seldom lasting more than twenty or
+twenty-five minutes: and I was told, that during the time he was at
+the head of the French Government, he never allowed more than fifteen
+minutes for that purpose.
+
+After he had quitted the ship, being desirous to know the feeling of
+the ship's company towards him, I asked my servant what the people
+said of him. "Why, Sir," he answered, "I heard several of them
+conversing together about him this morning; when one of them observed,
+'Well, they may abuse that man as much as they please; but if the
+people of England knew him as well as we do, they would not hurt a
+hair of his head;' in which the others agreed." This was the more
+extraordinary, as he never went through the ship's company but once,
+immediately after his coming on board, when I attended him, and he did
+not speak to any of the men; merely returning their salute by pulling
+off his hat; and in consequence of his presence, they suffered many
+privations, such as not being allowed to see their wives and friends,
+or to go on shore, having to keep watch in port, &c.; and when he left
+the ship, the only money he distributed was twenty Napoleons to my
+steward, fifteen to one of the under-servants, and ten to the cook.
+
+It may, perhaps, be interesting to give a slight sketch of the
+principal persons who accompanied Buonaparte to the Bellerophon;
+premising, that I do not pretend to be minutely correct in the view I
+took of them: the trying circumstances in which these unfortunate men
+were placed, being such as required more than common temper; and I
+think it very doubtful, whether, in the same situation, Englishmen
+would have maintained equal forbearance.
+
+Count Bertrand was a man of about forty-four years of age, five feet
+ten inches in height, of a slight make and prepossessing appearance:
+his manners extremely placid and gentle, though evidently of a warm
+temper; and showed himself rather hasty in his conduct to Sir George
+Cockburn, about searching the baggage; as Sir George was not acting
+upon his own authority, but by the directions of his superiors, and
+was inclined to conduct himself with as much consideration as his
+orders would admit. He was an affectionate attentive husband, and much
+attached to his children.
+
+The Countess Bertrand was then of a tall, slight figure. Her maiden
+name was Dillon; her father was an Irishman in the French service, who
+lost his life during the revolution, and was related to Lord Dillon.
+Though, perhaps, a little warm, she has undoubtedly many excellent
+qualities: she showed herself to be a kind mother and affectionate
+wife; and if she easily took offence, she as easily forgot it; and any
+little dispute that occurred between her and me, was amply atoned for
+by the frank and affectionate manner in which she took leave when we
+were about to part, perhaps for ever.[13] They had, at the time I
+speak of, three fine children,--two boys and a girl; the eldest boy
+about five years of age, who seemed to have a natural turn for the
+profession of his father: his constant amusement, in which the young
+lady and little Montholon joined, was forming lines and squares, and
+other military evolutions, on the quarter-deck.
+
+         [Footnote 13: [I think the handsome and gentlemanlike account
+         of Madame Bertrand is a complete _amende honorable_ for
+         anything said of her in the course of the journal, and forms
+         a complete refutation to the objections made in the sense of
+         delicacy towards that lady for mentioning some part of the
+         conversation when in warmer moments. If you were to mention
+         your having afterwards met her in France, I think it would be
+         interesting.--SCOTT.]]
+
+General Savary, Duc de Rovigo, was a tall handsome man, then about
+forty-six years of age, of a cheerful disposition; and notwithstanding
+the alarm he was in lest he should be given up to the French
+Government, he never forgot himself so far as to make use of a rude
+expression in my presence. He was Minister of Police after Fouche. As
+a great deal had been said about Captain Wright's death, I spoke to
+him one day upon the subject, and told him it was generally believed
+in England that he had been murdered: he said, "I took much pains in
+investigating that matter, and in ascertaining the cause of his death;
+and I have not a doubt that he cut his own throat in a fit of
+delirium." Neither Savary nor Lallemand were allowed to accompany
+Buonaparte to St Helena; but on the Bellerophon's return to Plymouth,
+after transferring Napoleon to the Northumberland, both of them,
+together with Planat and the other officers with the exception of
+three, were, by an order from the Admiralty, sent on board the Eurotas
+frigate, which conveyed them to Malta, from whence, after remaining
+some time as prisoners in Fort St Angelo, they were allowed to proceed
+to Smyrna.
+
+General Lallemand[14] was about forty-two years of age, of a thick
+strong make; his manners not pleasing, and his appearance by no means
+prepossessing. During the whole time he was in the Bellerophon, he was
+morose and abstracted, and seemed much alarmed lest he should be given
+up to the French Government; and there can be little doubt, had he
+fallen into its power, he would have shared the fate of Ney, as he
+had, with the troops under his command, joined Napoleon on his return
+from Elba. He had formerly been, for several years, one of
+Buonaparte's aide-de-camps, and during the time he was in the
+Bellerophon always did that duty in rotation with Montholon and
+Gourgaud; one of them sleeping in his clothes on a mattress every
+night outside of the door of the cabin he slept in. The other two
+aide-de-camps, Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, were young men about
+thirty-two years of age, the former an officer in the cavalry, and the
+other in the artillery: they were both of good families; but their
+attachment to Buonaparte induced them to give up their country and
+property to follow him.
+
+         [Footnote 14: [Lallemand, if I recollect right, had begun the
+         counter-revolution in Bonaparte's favour in the north-east of
+         France, and anticipated the moment of success, so that his
+         scheme had failed. I have some reason to think (being at
+         Paris at the time and much with those who knew something of
+         what was going on) that he would have been condemned to death
+         along with Ney had he fallen into the hands of the restored
+         Government. His person should be described.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Madame Montholon was a quiet unassuming woman, gave no trouble, and
+seemed perfectly satisfied, provided she were allowed to accompany
+her husband. She had with her one fine little boy, about four years
+old, and I believe left another child at nurse in France.
+
+Count Las Cases, though he bore the title of Counsellor of State, held
+no official situation with Buonaparte; nor did I perfectly understand
+how he came to accompany him on his departure from France, as he was
+not with him in Elba: but the intimacy appeared to have been formed
+since his return from that island. Napoleon was fond of his
+conversation. He was of small stature, being little more than five
+feet high, and slightly made. He always spoke of his master in terms
+of enthusiasm, and resisted every application from his wife and family
+to remain behind, being determined to follow wherever Buonaparte might
+be sent. He took with him his eldest son, a quick intelligent boy of
+thirteen.
+
+Monsieur Maingaut, the surgeon, with all the domestics beyond the
+twelve who went to St Helena, were conveyed in the Bellerophon to
+Portsmouth, and from thence sent to Cherbourg, and landed there.
+Monsieur Saint Catharine, a lad about sixteen, nephew to the Empress
+Josephine, and a native of Martinique, was provided with a passage to
+that island in one of our sloops of war.
+
+Captain Prontowski, a Pole, was allowed to proceed to St Helena, some
+time after the Northumberland sailed. Why this indulgence was granted
+to him, I never clearly understood; but it was said to be in
+consequence of the representations he made to the British Government,
+of the very strong attachment he entertained to his fallen master,--a
+feeling, as far as I could judge, which prevailed with equal force in
+the breasts of all those who accompanied him from France, without
+excepting Madame Bertrand, who, when not influenced by the horror she
+entertained of being banished to St Helena, always spoke of him not
+only with affection, but in the language of respect and enthusiasm.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sir Walter Scott adds at the end of his notes:--
+
+     I declare against abridgement. You are publishing a great and
+     interesting national document, in which accuracy is everything,
+     and abridgement takes greatly from its authenticity. Anything
+     that can be pointed out as what might be personally injurious to
+     these individuals whose attachment to a fallen master renders
+     them objects of interest ought of course to be retrenched. But on
+     no other account would I in Capt. M.'s place consent to alter a
+     word of a narrative written down at the time; and this you may
+     depend upon, that the more minute the narrative is the more it
+     will be interesting to the public. Minuteness is in itself the
+     voucher for authenticity. I presume to press this general remark.
+
+     The whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as
+     ever was given of so interesting a transaction. It is one in
+     which Captain Maitland not only vindicates his own character, but
+     guarantees that of the British nation. I really, since an
+     opportunity is given me by Capt. Maitland's confidence, protest
+     against its being snipped and clipped like the feet of the
+     ladies who wished to qualify themselves for the glass slipper.
+
+     The corrections in point of mere style are generally for the
+     better, and, I think, ought to be adopted. But let an idea get
+     abroad that your narrative has been altered and modified to suit
+     existing times, and the public suspicion will greatly outrun the
+     fact and suppose that material cancels or alterations have been
+     made.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+So many erroneous statements have gone abroad, as to the terms of
+Buonaparte's reception on board the Bellerophon, that I conceive it
+right to give the following correspondence, although at the expense of
+some repetition; in order to its being distinctly seen, that the good
+faith of the British nation was not compromised on that occasion, but
+that His Majesty's Government were at perfect liberty, as far as those
+terms were concerned, to act as they thought best.
+
+
+                                  "Tonnant, at anchor under Berryhead,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases having this morning stated to me that he understood
+from you, when he was on board the Bellerophon in Basque Roads, on a
+mission from General Buonaparte, that you were authorized to receive
+the General and his suite on board the ship you command, for
+conveyance to England; and that you assured him, at the same time,
+that both the General and his suite would be well received there; you
+are to report for my information, such observations as you may
+consider it necessary to make upon these assertions.
+
+  "I am, Sir,
+           Your most obedient,
+                            humble servant,
+                                         KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "Captain Maitland,
+  Bellerophon."
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                     Plymouth Sound, 8th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's letter of
+yesterday's date, informing me that Count Las Cases had stated to you,
+that he had understood from me when he was on board the Bellerophon in
+Basque Roads, on a mission from General Buonaparte, that I was
+authorized to receive the General and his suite on board the ship I
+command, for a conveyance to England, and that I assured him at the
+same time, that both the General and his suite would be well received
+there; and directing me to report for your Lordship's information such
+observations as I may consider it necessary to make upon these
+assertions. I shall, in consequence, state, to the best of my
+recollection, the whole of the transaction that took place between
+Count Las Cases and me, on the 14th of July, respecting the
+embarkation of Napoleon Buonaparte, for the veracity of which I beg to
+refer your Lordship to Captain Sartorius as to what was said in the
+morning, and to that officer and Captain Gambier (the Myrmidon having
+joined me in the afternoon) as to what passed in the evening.
+
+"Your Lordship being informed already of the flag of truce that came
+out to me on the 10th of July, as well as of every thing that occurred
+on that occasion, I shall confine myself to the transactions of the
+14th of the same month.
+
+"Early in the morning of that day, the officer of the watch informed
+me, a schooner, bearing a flag of truce, was approaching: on her
+joining the ship, about seven A.M. the Count Las Cases and General
+Lallemand came on board, when, on being shown into the cabin, Las
+Cases asked me if any answer had been returned to the letter sent by
+me to Sir Henry Hotham respecting Napoleon Buonaparte being allowed to
+pass for America, either in the frigates or in a neutral vessel. I
+informed him no answer had been returned, though I hourly expected, in
+consequence of those despatches, Sir Henry Hotham would arrive; and,
+as I had told Monsieur Las Cases, when last on board, that I should
+send my boat in when the answer came, it was quite unnecessary to have
+sent out a flag of truce on that account:--there, for the time, the
+conversation terminated. On their coming on board, I had made the
+signal for the Captain of the Slaney, being desirous of having a
+witness to all that might pass.
+
+"After breakfast (during which Captain Sartorius came on board) we
+retired to the after-cabin, when Monsieur Las Cases began on the same
+subject, and said, 'The Emperor was so anxious to stop the further
+effusion of blood, that he would go to America in any way the English
+Government would sanction, either in a neutral, a disarmed frigate, or
+an English ship of war.' To which I replied, 'I have no authority to
+permit any of those measures; but if he chooses to come on board the
+ship I command, I think, under the orders I am acting with, I may
+venture to receive him and carry him to England; but, if I do so, I
+can in no way be answerable for the reception he may meet with (this I
+repeated several times); when Las Cases said, 'I have little doubt,
+under those circumstances, that you will see the Emperor on board the
+Bellerophon.' After some more general conversation, and the above
+being frequently repeated, Monsieur Las Cases and General Lallemand
+took their leave: and I assure your Lordship that I never, in any way,
+entered into conditions with respect to the reception General
+Buonaparte was to meet with; nor was it, at that time, finally
+arranged that he was to come on board the Bellerophon. In the course
+of conversation, Las Cases asked me whether I thought Buonaparte would
+be well received in England; to which I gave the only answer I could
+do in my situation--'That I did not at all know what was the intention
+of the British Government; but I had no reason to suppose he would not
+be well received.' It is here worthy of remark, that when Las Cases
+came on board, he assured me that Buonaparte was then at Rochefort,
+and that it would be necessary for him to go there to report the
+conversation that had passed between us (this I can prove by the
+testimony of Captain Sartorius, and the first Lieutenant of this ship,
+to whom I spoke of it at the time), which statement was not fact;
+Buonaparte never having quitted Isle d'Aix, or the frigates, after the
+3rd.
+
+"I was, therefore, much surprised at seeing Monsieur Las Cases on
+board again before seven o'clock the same evening; and one of the
+first questions I put to him was, whether he had been at Rochefort. He
+answered, that on returning to Isle d'Aix, he found that Buonaparte
+had arrived there.
+
+"Monsieur Las Cases then presented to me the letter Count Bertrand
+wrote concerning Buonaparte's intention to come on board the ship (a
+copy of which has been transmitted to your Lordship by Sir Henry
+Hotham); and it was not till then agreed upon that I should receive
+him; when either Monsieur Las Cases, or General Gourgaud (I am not
+positive which, as I was employed writing my own despatches), wrote to
+Bertrand to inform him of it. While paper was preparing to write the
+letter, I said again to Monsieur Las Cases, 'You will recollect I have
+no authority for making conditions of any sort.' Nor has Monsieur Las
+Cases ever started such an idea till the day before yesterday. That it
+was not the feeling of Buonaparte, or the rest of his people, I will
+give strong proof, drawn from the conversations they have held with
+me.
+
+"As I never heard the subject mentioned till two days ago, I shall not
+detail every conversation that has passed, but confine myself to that
+period.
+
+"The night that the squadron anchored at the back of Berryhead,
+Buonaparte sent for me about 10 P.M. and said he was informed by
+Bertrand, that I had received orders to remove him to the
+Northumberland, and wished to know if that was the case; on being told
+that it was, he requested I would write a letter to Bertrand, stating
+I had such orders, that it might not appear that he went of his own
+accord, but that he had been forced to do so. I told him, I could have
+no objection, and wrote a letter to that effect (a copy of which is
+here annexed), which your Lordship afterwards sanctioned, and desired
+me, if he required it, to give him a copy of the order.
+
+"After having arranged that matter, I was going to withdraw, when he
+requested me to remain, as he had something more to say: he then began
+complaining of his treatment in being forced to go to St Helena: among
+other things, he observed, 'They say I made no conditions: certainly,
+I made no conditions: how could a private man (_un particulier_) make
+conditions with a nation? I wanted nothing from them but hospitality,
+or (as the ancients would express it) air and water. I threw myself on
+the generosity of the English nation; I claimed a place _sur leurs
+foyers_, and my only wish was to purchase a small estate and end my
+life in tranquillity.' After more of the same sort of conversation I
+left him for the night.
+
+"On the morning he removed from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland,
+he sent for me again, and said, 'I have sent for you to express my
+gratitude for your conduct to me, while I have been on board the ship
+you command. My reception in England has been very different from what
+I expected; but you throughout have behaved like a man of honour; and
+I request you will accept my thanks, as well as convey them to the
+officers, and ship's company of the Bellerophon.'
+
+"Soon afterwards Montholon came to me from Buonaparte; but, to
+understand what passed between him and me, I must revert to a
+conversation that I had with Madame Bertrand on the passage from
+Rochefort.
+
+"It is not necessary to state how the conversation commenced, as it
+does not apply to the present transaction; but she informed me, that
+it was Buonaparte's intention to present me with a box containing his
+picture set with diamonds. I answered, 'I hope not, for I cannot
+receive it.' 'Then you will offend him very much,' she said. 'If that
+is the case,' I replied, 'I request you will take measures to prevent
+its being offered, as it is absolutely impossible I can accept of it;
+and I wish to spare him the mortification, and myself the pain, of a
+refusal.' There the matter dropt, and I heard no more of it, till
+about half an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon, when
+Montholon came to me, and said he was desired by Buonaparte to express
+the high sense he entertained of my conduct throughout the whole of
+the transaction: that it had been his intention to present me with a
+box containing his portrait, but that he understood I was determined
+not to accept it. I said, 'Placed as I was, I felt it impossible to
+receive a present from him, though I was highly flattered at the
+testimony he had borne to the uprightness of my conduct throughout.'
+Montholon then added, 'One of the greatest causes of chagrin he feels
+in not being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent, is, that
+he had determined to ask as a favour, your being promoted to the rank
+of Rear-Admiral.' To which I replied, 'That would have been quite
+impossible, but I do not the less feel the kindness of the intention.'
+I then said, 'I am hurt that Las Cases should say I held forth any
+assurances as to the reception Buonaparte was to meet with in
+England.' 'Oh!' said he, 'Las Cases is disappointed in his
+expectations; and as he negotiated the affair, he attributes the
+Emperor's situation to himself: but I can assure you, that he
+(Buonaparte) feels convinced you have acted like a man of honour
+throughout.'
+
+"As your Lordship overheard part of a conversation which took place
+between Las Cases and me on the quarter-deck of the Bellerophon, I
+shall not detail it; but on that occasion, I positively denied having
+promised anything as to the reception of Buonaparte and his suite; and
+I believe your Lordship was of opinion he could not make out the
+statement to you.
+
+"It is extremely unpleasant for me to be under the necessity of
+entering into a detail of this sort; but the unhandsome representation
+Monsieur Las Cases has made to your Lordship of my conduct, has
+obliged me to produce proofs of the light in which the transaction was
+viewed by Buonaparte as well as his attendants.
+
+"I again repeat, that Captains Gambier and Sartorius can verify the
+principal part of what I have stated, as far as concerns the charge
+made against me by Count Las Cases.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                      Your Lordship's
+                             Most obedient humble servant,
+                                               FREDERICK L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+                                           "Slaney, in Plymouth Sound,
+                                                    15th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have read Captain Maitland's letter to your Lordship, of the 8th
+instant, containing his observations upon the assertions made on the
+preceding day by Count Las Cases; and I most fully attest the
+correctness of the statement he has made, so far as relates to the
+conversations that took place in my presence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     Your Lordship's
+                                Most obedient humble servant,
+                                                      G. R. SARTORIUS,
+                                              Capt. of H.M.S. Slaney."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+A letter to the same effect as the foregoing was written to Lord
+Keith, by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, and forwarded by his
+Lordship to the Admiralty, with my report; of which, by some accident,
+the Admiral's secretary did not furnish me with a copy.
+
+
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+
+I.
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS borne on the Books of H.M.S. Bellerophon in July
+1815.
+
+  Captain Fred. L. Maitland.
+  Lieutenant Andrew Mott.[15]
+    "        William Walford.
+    "        John Bowerbank.
+    "        Gabriel Christie.
+    "        Edward William Ramsay.
+  Captain of Marines, George Marshall.
+  Lieutenant of Marines, J. W. Simpson.
+    "                    Henry Smith.
+  Master, Stephen Vale.
+  Surgeon, Barry O'Meara.
+  Assistant-Surgeon, A. Milne.
+    "                E. Graebke.
+  Chaplain, J. W. Wynne.
+  Purser, George Jackson.
+
+         [Footnote 15: "Our new first lieutenant, Mr Andrew Mott, was
+         the best officer I ever saw in charge of a quarter-deck. I
+         often wondered when that man slept, eat, or dressed himself,
+         for he was hardly ever missed from deck, was always fresh and
+         vigorous, and his dress and appearance would, at any time,
+         have done honour to the queen's drawing-room. Maitland was,
+         withal, rather a little easy-going, and it occurred to me
+         that, knowing his defect in this way, he contrived always to
+         get a tolerable tartar of a first lieutenant, so that between
+         the captain's good nature and the lieutenant's severity,
+         which he occasionally checked and tempered when he thought
+         the lieutenant was likely to exceed bounds, the ship was kept
+         in capital discipline."--Home's _Memoirs_, p. 209.]
+
+
+II.
+
+Letter from EPHRAIM GRAEBKE, assistant-surgeon on board H.M.S.
+Bellerophon, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's surrender
+(British Museum, Additional MSS. 34,710, f. 81).
+
+
+                                   H.M.S. Bellerophon, Plymouth Sound,
+                                               Tuesday, July 30, 1815.
+
+MY DEAR MOTHER,
+
+You will be surprised at not hearing from me, and knowing the
+Bellerophon's arrival in England, but when I tell you no private
+letters were allowed to leave the ship before to-day, that will cease.
+It's unnecessary to say that we have got Buonaparte and suite on
+board, as it was known in England previous to our arrival, which took
+place on the 24th instant in Torbay. The circumstances which led to
+his surrender were his defeats in all points, and was it not for the
+strict blockade we kept up would [_sic_] have escaped to America. We
+heard of his being on board the French frigate Saale off Rochfort,
+from which moment we watched his movements if possible more closely
+than before. On the morning of the 14th instant, observing a schooner
+bearing a flag of truce on board standing towards us, we hove to for
+her, when Count Lascazas and General Lallemande came on board with
+proposals from Buonaparte, in consequence of which we came to anchor
+in the evening in the roads off Rochelle. Next morning, 15th instant,
+at 4 A.M. observed a man-of-war brig standing out and beating towards
+us, we immediately dispatched all our boats. Lieut. Mott in the barge
+brought Buonaparte on board at 7, the boats were busily employed in
+bringing his retinue and baggage, and I never saw men exert themselves
+so much as ours did that day, lest Admiral Hotham should take him, as
+he was off the harbour in the Superb, and saw him coming on board
+here, and did all in his power to get in, but did not come to anchor
+before 11 in the forenoon. Buonaparte is a fine-looking man, inclined
+to corpulency, is five feet six inches in height, his hair turning
+grey, and a little bald on the crown of the head, no whiskers,
+complexion French yellow, eyes grey, Roman nose, good mouth and chin,
+neck short, big belly, arms stout, small white hands, and shews a good
+leg. He wears a cocked hat somewhat like our old-fashioned three
+cornered ones, with the tri-coloured cockade in it, plain green coat,
+cape red, and cuffs the same, plain gold epaulets, and a large star on
+the left breast, white waistcoat and breeches and white silk
+stockings, thin shoes and buckles. Eats but two meals in the day,
+breakfast and dinner, and these are sumptuous, fish, flesh, and fowl,
+wines, fruit, various French dishes &c. &c. He breakfasts about eleven
+and dines at six, is about half an hour at each, when he generally
+comes on deck or goes into the after-cabin to study. We do not know
+what's to be done with him yet, he remains on board until we hear from
+the allies. In his suite are Marshal Bertrand, Duc de Rovigo [Savary]
+once the French minister of police, Counts Lascazas and Montholon,
+Generals Lallemande and Gourgou, several Lieut.-Colonels and Captains,
+to enumerate them would be tedious. We have 33 on board, 17 were sent
+on board the Myrmidon, Captn. Gambier. There are two Countesses on
+board, but not to be compared even to our English ladies. Their
+children are handsome.... We performed the comedy of the "Poor
+Gentleman" before Buonaparte and suite. I acted the part of Corporal
+Foss. It went off very well, our scenery was excellent. The female
+dresses were badly suited for Midshipmen. I long to hear from you and
+will expect to hear all the news.... I wish you were all here to see
+Buonaparte, the curiosity of all ranks to see him is excessive. There
+are Admiralty orders not to allow any person whatever on board, but
+they crowd in boats round the ship, and he very condescendingly stands
+looking at them through a spyglass. There are two frigates, one on
+each side of us, the Eurotas and Liffey, and their boats are
+constantly rowing about the ship to keep off the boats. We prisoners
+have no other amusement than to look at them contending for places. I
+hope we will soon be allowed to go ashore, as I want to see Captain
+Sandys. You must be tired reading this long epistle. We took some
+prizes, one ship laden with Buonaparte's soldiers, one chasse maree
+laden with resin, and the Cephulus man-of-war brig sent in a West
+Indiaman laden with sugar, coffee, &c. from Martinique bound to
+France, and for which we will share by mutual agreements. Give my
+affectionate love to Ally, Anne, Wilhelmina, Sophia and Jane. I know
+the want of not being near them as my shirts are going to pieces, as
+soon as I can afford the sum I will get some new ones. I have the old
+number the same as when I left you and bought none since.... I remain,
+my dear mother, your affectionate son,
+
+                                                      EPHRAIM GRAEBKE.
+
+_P.S._--I think myself very lucky to belong to the old Bellerophon at
+this important time. Lose no time in answering this letter.
+
+  Mrs GRAEBKE,
+  MIDLETON, CO. CORK.
+
+
+III.
+
+Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, and Reminiscences of the
+Emperor Napoleon, by a Midshipman of the Bellerophon_ [George Home].
+London, Whittaker & Co., and Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 1838.
+
+
+About six in the morning, the look-out man at the mast-head announced
+a large ship of war standing direct in for the roadstead, which
+Captain Maitland, suspecting to be the Superb, bearing the flag of
+Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, he gave immediate orders to hoist out the
+barge, and dispatched her, under the command of the first lieutenant,
+to the French brig, being apprehensive that if the Admiral arrived
+before the brig got out, that Napoleon would deliver himself up to the
+Admiral instead of us, and thus have lost us so much honour.
+
+As our barge approached, the brig hove to, and from the moment she
+came alongside, we watched every motion with deep anxiety. Like all
+Napoleon's movements, he was not slow even in this, his last free act.
+The barge had not remained ten minutes alongside, before we saw the
+rigging of the brig crowded with men, persons stepping down the side
+into the boat, and the next moment she shoved off, and gave way for
+the ship; while the waving of the men's hats in the rigging, and the
+cheering which we heard faintly in the distance, left no doubt that
+the expected guest was approaching. A general's guard of marines was
+ordered aft on the quarter-deck, and the boatswain stood, whistle in
+hand, ready to do the honours of the side. The lieutenants stood
+grouped first on the quarter-deck, and we more humble middies behind
+them, while the captain, evidently in much anxiety, kept trudging
+backwards and forwards between the gangway and his own cabin,
+sometimes peeping out at one of the quarter-deck ports, to see if the
+barge was drawing near.
+
+It is a sin to mix up any trifling story with so great an event; but a
+circumstance occurred so laughable of itself, rendered more so from
+the solemnity of the occasion, that I cannot resist mentioning it.
+While in this state of eager expectation, a young midshipman, one of
+the Bruces of Kennet, I think, walked very demurely up to Manning, the
+boatswain, who was standing all importance at the gangway, and after
+comically eyeing his squat figure and bronzed countenance, Bruce
+gently laid hold of one of his whiskers, to which the boatswain
+good-naturedly submitted, as the youngster was a great favourite with
+him.
+
+"Manning," says he, most sentimentally, "this is the proudest day of
+your life; you are this day to do the honours of the side to the
+greatest man the world ever produced or ever will produce."
+
+Here the boatswain eyed him with proud delight.
+
+"And along with the great Napoleon, the name of Manning, the
+boatswain of the Bellerophon, will go down to the latest posterity;
+and, as a relic of that great man, permit me, my dear Manning, to
+preserve a lock of your hair."
+
+Here he made an infernal tug at the boatswain's immense whisker, and
+fairly carried away a part of it, making his way through the crowd,
+and down below with the speed of an arrow. The infuriated boatswain,
+finding he had passed so rapidly from the sublime to the ridiculous,
+through the instrumentality of this imp of a youngster, could vent his
+rage in no way but by making his glazed hat spin full force after his
+tantalizer, with a "G--d d----n your young eyes and limbs." The hat,
+however, fell far short of young Bruce, and the noise and half burst
+of laughter the trick occasioned drew the attention of the Captain,
+who, coming up, with a "What, what's all this?" the poor boatswain was
+glad to draw to his hat and resume his position.
+
+The barge approached, and ranged alongside. The first lieutenant came
+up the side, and to Maitland's eager and blunt question, "Have you got
+him?" he answered in the affirmative. After the lieutenant came
+Savary, followed by Marshal Bertrand, who bowed and fell back a pace
+on the gangway to await the ascent of their master. And now came the
+little great man himself, wrapped up in his gray greatcoat buttoned to
+the chin, three-cocked hat and Hussar boots, without any sword, I
+suppose as emblematical of his changed condition. Maitland received
+him with every mark of respect, as far as look and deportment could
+indicate; but he was _not_ received with the respect due to a crowned
+head, which was afterwards insidiously thrown out against Maitland. So
+far from that, the captain, on Napoleon's addressing him, only moved
+his hat, as to a general officer, and remained covered while the
+Emperor spoke to him. His expressions were brief, I believe only
+reiterating what he had stated the day previous in his letter to the
+Prince Regent, "That he placed himself under the protection of the
+British nation, and under that of the British commander as the
+representative of his sovereign." The captain again moved his hat, and
+turned to conduct the Emperor to the cabin. As he passed through the
+officers assembled on the quarter-deck, he repeatedly bowed slightly
+to us, and smiled. What an ineffable beauty there was in that smile,
+his teeth were finely set, and as white as ivory, and his mouth had a
+charm about it that I have never seen in any other human countenance.
+I marked his fine robust figure as he followed Captain Maitland into
+the cabin, and, boy as I was, I said to myself, "Now have I a tale for
+futurity."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I shall never forget that morning we made Ushant. I had come on deck
+at four in the morning to take the morning watch, and the washing of
+decks had just begun, when, to my astonishment, I saw the Emperor come
+out of the cabin at that early hour, and make for the poop-ladder. Had
+I known what human misery is as well as I do now, when I have myself
+experienced the most cruel injustice and persecution on a lesser
+scale, the restlessness of Napoleon, or his being unable to close an
+eye, would have in no way surprised me. If a petty care can break our
+sleep, what must have been _his_ feeling who had lost the fairest
+empire on the face of the globe; nay, who had lost a world? From the
+wetness of the decks, he was in danger of falling at every step, and I
+immediately stepped up to him, hat in hand, and tendered him my arm,
+which he laid hold of at once, smiling, and pointing to the poop,
+saying in broken English, "the poop, the poop"; he ascended the
+poop-ladder leaning on my arm; and having gained the deck, he quitted
+his hold and mounted upon a gun-slide, nodding and smiling thanks, for
+my attention, and pointing to the land he said, "Ushant, Cape Ushant."
+I replied, "Yes, sire," and withdrew. He then took out a pocket-glass
+and applied it to his eye, looking eagerly at the land. In this
+position, he remained from five in the morning to nearly mid-day,
+without paying any attention to what was passing around him, or
+speaking to one of his suite, who had been standing behind him for
+several hours.
+
+No wonder he thus gazed, it was the last look of the land of his
+glory, and I am convinced he felt it such. What must have been his
+feelings in those few hours, how painful the retrospect, and how awful
+the look forward!--_there_ still lay before him that land which he had
+made so famous, where his proud name had risen until it "o'ershadowed
+the earth with his fame"; there had he been worshipped almost as a
+god, and bowed to by every servile knee, that now, in the hour of
+bitter adversity, had basely deserted and betrayed him. Never man was
+read such a lesson as must have passed before him in that brief space,
+unless, really, that the greatness of the change, the suddenness of
+the fall had benumbed all feeling, and left him only a mass of
+contending passions which combated and stilled each other by the very
+violence of their working. But this was not the case with Napoleon,
+his emotion was visible, he hung upon the land until it looked only a
+speck in the distance, and then, turning, stepped from the gun-slide
+into the arms of his faithful Bertrand, who stood ready to receive his
+fallen master. He uttered not a word as he tottered down the
+poop-ladder, his head hung heavily forward, so as to render his
+countenance scarcely visible, and in this way he was conducted to his
+cabin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Amongst other plans for killing the time, and lightening the tedium of
+a sea passage to the refugees, we bethought us of getting up a play.
+This was managed by one of the lieutenants of marines, a fellow of
+great taste, and some one or two of the midshipmen, who pretended to
+skill in the Shakespearian art. What the piece was I do not recollect,
+but when it was announced to the Emperor, by Captain Maitland, and the
+immortal honour of his imperial presence begged, for a few minutes, he
+laughed very heartily, consented instantly; and turning to Lady
+Bertrand, told her that she must stand his interpreter. The stage was
+fitted up between decks, more, I am afraid, in ship-shape than
+theatrical style; and, sure enough, Napoleon and his whole suite
+attended. He was much amused with those who took the female parts,
+which, by the way, was the most smooth-chinned of our young gentlemen,
+remarking that they were rather a little Dutch built for fine ladies;
+and, after good-naturedly sitting for nearly twenty minutes, he rose,
+smiled to the actors, and retired. I mention these circumstances, by
+way of showing the last glimpses of sunshine that enlivened the
+exile's closing scene.
+
+On the 23rd, we made the land; and, on the 24th, at seven P.M., we
+came to an anchor in Torbay, when the first lieutenant was immediately
+put on shore, with orders to proceed by land to Plymouth, with
+dispatches for Lord Keith, at that time admiral on the Plymouth
+station.
+
+I happened to be midshipman of the boat, which conveyed the first
+lieutenant on shore; and no sooner had we got clear of him, than I was
+taken prisoner by some twenty young ladies, marched off to a fine
+house in the little town, regaled with tea and clouted cream, and
+bored with five thousand questions about Napoleon, the ridiculousness
+of which I have often laughed at since. "What like was he--was he
+really a man? Were his hands and clothes all over blood when he came
+on board? Was it true that he had killed three horses in riding from
+Waterloo to the Bellerophon? Were we not all frightened for him? Was
+his voice like thunder? Could I possibly get them a sight of the
+monster, just that they might be able to say they had seen him?" etc.
+etc. I assured those inquisitive nymphs, that the reports they had
+heard were all nonsense; that the Emperor was not only a man, but a
+very handsome man too; young withal, had no more blood upon his hands
+or clothes than was now upon their pure white dresses; that if by
+chance they got a look of him at the gangway, they would fall in love
+with him directly; that so far from his hands being red with blood,
+they were as small, white, and soft as their own charming fingers, and
+his voice, instead of resembling thunder, was as sweet and musical as
+their own. This account of the Emperor's beauty perfectly astonished
+the recluses of Torbay; some misbelieved altogether, while the
+curiosity of others was excited beyond all bounds. A general
+proposition was now made, that I should bundle them, like live cattle,
+into my little cutter, and take them all on board to gratify their
+curiosity at once. This was quite contrary to orders. Not a soul was
+allowed to come on board the ship, and I had to plead a thousand
+excuses for my want of gallantry, in not complying with the very
+natural wish of my young companions. As far as I was concerned,
+resistance was vain; I was again seized, hurried down to the boat, and
+had the pleasure of seeing it filled to cramming with the charmers of
+Torbay. This was a devil of a mess;--I might as well have gone into
+the mouth of a cannon, as have carried such a cargo alongside the
+ship,--the thing was impossible. So I had nothing for it, but to call
+aside the boat's crew, and whisper to them to use gentle violence with
+my young boarders, and set them down on shore. This was glorious fun
+to Jack;--to work they fell, and in the midst of screams, laughter,
+and a few d----n my eyes, ma'am, don't kick so hard, on the part of
+the Bellerophons, we had our nymphs safely deposited on terra firma,
+and were off in a trice, enjoying the general discomfiture of the poor
+ladies, who were equally laughed at by the lookers-on, on shore.... We
+left Torbay, on the 26th July at 4 A.M., and at 4 in the evening came
+to an anchor in Plymouth Sound, just within the breakwater, then only
+beginning to shew its head above water at low tide. It has since, I am
+told, been made a splendid affair; but it then only afforded footing
+for a few gazers from the shore, who perched themselves upon it to
+watch the cabin-windows of the Bellerophon, in hopes of getting a
+glimpse of the Emperor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The signal for the Emperor's being on deck was the officers
+uncovering. No sooner was this ceremony noticed, than the rush from
+without took place, and the screaming and swearing commenced, which
+was very considerably heightened upon one occasion by a plan of some
+of our wise-headed young gentlemen. Being in want of amusement, they
+bethought them of priming the fire engine, which happened to be
+standing on the poop, and after clapping a relay of hands ready to ply
+it to advantage, we uncovered, and waited the approach of the boats.
+No sooner were they within reach, than off went the water-spout, which
+fell "alike on the just and the unjust," for both the dockyard men and
+the spectators who came within its compass got a good ducking. This
+prank created an infernal confusion, and our trick having been twigged
+by the first lieutenant, the chief actors in this notable exploit were
+ordered up to the mast-head to enjoy their frolic for a few hours,
+which evidently much gratified the unfortunate sufferers from the
+effects of the operation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Maitland, knowing how he stood with "the powers that be," was
+determined not to commit himself by accepting of any present of value
+from Napoleon, as he knew it would be directly made a handle of to
+injure his character as a British officer. He, therefore, I believe,
+refused to accept of a gold snuff-box tendered him by the Emperor as a
+mark of his esteem, but he did not refuse the offer of a few dozens of
+French wine, as a present to Mrs Maitland, who had been personally
+introduced to Napoleon, as far as introduction was possible, that is,
+she had been permitted to come within a foot or two of the ship, and
+Napoleon most condescendingly stepped to the gangway, smiled and bowed
+to her. Mrs Maitland was a charming little woman in those
+days,--alas! we are all getting old now,--a daughter of green Erin,
+and Napoleon seemed greatly pleased with her appearance, hence the
+offer of this trifling present as a token of respect. The captain took
+it on shore in the gig, and no sooner had she struck the beach than
+the custom-house officers jumped on board, and made a seizure of it,
+hauled the boat up upon the beach, and clapped his Majesty's broad
+arrow upon her, that fatal mark indicative of being in "the hands of
+the Philistines" of the revenue. I shall never forget Maitland's
+countenance when he came on board after this ridiculous and provoking
+affair. Being deprived of his own boat by "the land-sharks," he was
+obliged to hire a shore boat to bring off himself and his boat's crew,
+and she was nearly alongside before the first lieutenant discovered
+that there was a naval officer in her, and on taking a look with his
+glass, he exclaimed, "Good God! there is the captain coming off in a
+shore boat." The side was manned, and when Maitland stepped on board,
+he turned to Mott with a most rueful countenance, remarking, "they
+have seized the wine." This was petty work, and to make the thing more
+provoking, they had poor Maitland stuck up next day in the Plymothian
+journals as having been detected in the act of conveying wine and
+other presents on shore, received from Napoleon. What was the fate of
+the wine, I do not know, but the gig, of course, was restored
+immediately, and I should suppose the wine also, considering the
+shameful nature of the seizure.
+
+On the 4th of August we left Plymouth Sound in company with the
+Tonnant, bearing the flag of Admiral Lord Keith, and on the 6th we
+came to an anchor off Berryhead, there to wait the arrival of the
+Northumberland, which was hourly expected. She made her appearance in
+the course of the day, and after due salutes from both admiral's
+ships, in which noisy greeting we of course joined, for we are very
+polite at sea, in our own thundering way, she took up her station
+close by us.
+
+Towards evening Lord Keith came on board of us, and had a long
+personal interview with Napoleon in the cabin, which we may judge was
+not of the pleasantest nature. From some intemperate threat of Savary,
+I believe, who had declared that he would not allow his master to
+leave the Bellerophon alive, to go into such wretched captivity, it
+was judged proper to deprive the refugees of their arms. A good many
+swords, and several brace of pistols, marked with a large silver N. at
+the butt end, were brought down to the gun-room, where they remained
+for some hours. Three of the swords belonged to Napoleon, and two of
+them were pointed out to us as those he wore at Marengo and
+Austerlitz.
+
+I never in my life felt such a strong inclination to lay my hands on
+what was not my own. A sword I durst not think of, but could I have
+got a brace of pistols, or even one solitary pistol, belonging to
+Napoleon, I would have thought myself the happiest man alive; but it
+would not do, detection was certain, and with bitter vexation I saw
+them carried out of the gun-room. Now, reader, do you think this
+would have been a pardonable theft? Their value was nothing in my
+eyes; it was a relic of the great man I wanted, and I cared not what
+it was, or how I came by it; therefore, had I been able to secure a
+pistol, my conscience would never have smote me with having done
+wrong; and I am sure, could the Emperor have known with what a pure
+spirit of devotion I meant to commit the theft, he would have ordered
+me a brace instantly.
+
+It was this night settled that our surgeon, Barry O'Meara, who
+afterwards became so conspicuous for his spirited defence of his
+patient against the tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe (I hate to write that
+man's name,) should follow Napoleon to St Helena in the character of
+surgeon, his own, who looked a poor creature, and was continually
+sea-sick while on board, having declined, I believe, to accompany him
+farther, and the 7th was appointed for Napoleon leaving the ship.
+
+The 7th came; it was a dull cloudy sunless day, and every countenance
+was overcast with gloom. We had not seen the Emperor for a week, and
+we were all anxious to observe the change that the horrible tidings of
+his destination had made upon him. Lord Keith, Admiral Cockburn, and
+Captain Ross, came on board about eleven o'clock; and it was intimated
+to Napoleon, that they were ready to conduct him on board the
+Northumberland. A general's guard of marines was drawn up on the
+quarter-deck, to receive him as he came out of the cabin; while part
+of his suite, and we officers, were ranged about, anxiously waiting
+the appearance of the future exile of St Helena.
+
+Napoleon was long of attending to the intimation of the Admiral's; and
+upon Cockburn's becoming impatient, and remarking to old Lord Keith
+that he should be put in mind, Keith replied, "No, no, much greater
+men than either you or I have waited longer for him before now; let
+him take his time, let him take his time." This was nobly said of the
+fine old Scotchman; and although Cockburn and I are blood relations,
+and I have a particular penchant for my lineage, I cannot help
+remarking that his manner denoted a great want of feeling. I suppose
+he was pitched upon by Castlereagh as a proper tool to execute his
+harsh commands.
+
+At length Napoleon appeared, but oh, how sadly changed from the time
+we had last seen him on deck. Though quite plain, he was scrupulously
+cleanly in his person and dress, but that had been forgot, his clothes
+were ill put on, his beard unshaved, and his countenance pale and
+haggard. There was a want of firmness in his gait; his brow was
+overcast, and his whole visage bespoke the deepest melancholy; and it
+needed but a glance to convince the most careless observer that
+Napoleon considered himself a doomed man. In this trying hour,
+however, he lost not his courtesy or presence of mind; instinctively
+he raised his hat to the guard of marines, when they presented arms as
+he passed, slightly inclined his head, and even smiled to us officers
+as he passed through us, returned the salute of the admirals with calm
+dignity, and, walking up to Captain Maitland, addressed him with great
+eagerness for nearly ten minutes.
+
+How distinct is every feature, every trait, every line of that
+majestic countenance in my mind's eye at this moment, now that
+two-and-twenty years have passed away; but who could witness such a
+scene and ever forget it? The Romans said that a "great man struggling
+with adversity was a sight that the gods looked on with pleasure."
+Here, indeed, was adversity, and here was true greatness struggling
+against it; but to a mere mortal it was a heart-rending sight. The
+ship's deck looked like a place of execution, and we only wanted the
+headsman, his block, and his axe, to complete the scene.
+
+The purport of his speech to Captain Maitland, was thanking _him_, his
+officers, and ship's company, for the polite attention he had received
+while on board of the Bellerophon, which he should ever hold in kind
+remembrance. Something more he would have said after the first pause,
+and a feeling of deep emotion laboured in his face, and swelled his
+breast, he looked earnestly in Maitland's face for a moment, as if he
+was about to renew his speech, but utterance seemed denied; and,
+slightly moving his hat in salutation, he turned to Savary and
+L'Allemand, who were not allowed to accompany him to St Helena, and
+spoke to them for a few minutes.
+
+What a horrid gloom overhung the ship: had his execution been about
+to take place there could not have prevailed a more dead silence, so
+much so, that had a pin fallen from one of the tops on the deck, I am
+convinced it would have been heard; and to any one who has known the
+general buzz of one of our seventy-fours, even at the quietest hour,
+it is a proof how deeply the attention of every man on board must have
+been riveted. Before leaving the ship he turned to us on the
+quarter-deck, once more waved his hand in token of adieu, took hold of
+the man-ropes, and walked down the side, taking his seat in the
+Northumberland's barge between Lord Keith and Admiral Cockburn.
+
+Even in this hour of hopeless misery, he lost not sight of that
+indescribable charm by which he won the hearts of men. On looking back
+to the ship he saw every head, that could get stuck out of a port,
+gazing after him; even the rough countenances of the men bespoke a
+sympathy for his cruel fate, and, apparently conscious of their
+feelings, the exiled chief again lifted his hat, and inclined his head
+to the gazing ship's company.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.
+
+
+
+
+
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