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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: English Synonyms and Antonyms + With Notes on the Correct Use of Prepositions + +Author: James Champlin Fernald + +Release Date: May 21, 2009 [EBook #28900] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS *** + + + + +Produced by Jan-Fabian Humann, Stephen Blundell and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<h1><big><span class="mr2">English Synonyms</span><br /> +<span class="ml2">and Antonyms</span></big></h1> + +<hr class="chr" /> + +<div class="bk1"><div class="hd1"><i><big>A Practical and Invaluable Guide to Clear and<br /> +Precise Diction for Writers, Speakers, Students,<br /> +Business and Professional Men</big></i></div> + +<div class="hd2"><big><span class="mr2">Connectives of</span><br /> +<span class="ml2">English Speech</span></big></div> + +<p>"The work is likely to prove of great value to all +writers."—<i>Washington Evening Star.</i></p> + +<p>"The book will receive high appreciation from thoughtful +students who seek the most practical help."—<i>Grand Rapids +Herald.</i></p> + +<p>"It is written in a clear and pleasing style and so arranged +that but a moment's time is needed to find any line of the +hundreds of important though small words which this book +discusses."—<i>Chattanooga Times.</i></p> + +<p>"Its practical reference value is great, and it is a great +satisfaction to note the care and attention to detail and fine +shades of meaning the author has bestowed upon the words he +discusses."—<i>Church Review</i>, Hartford.</p> + +<p>"A work of great practical helpfulness to a large class of +people."—<i>Louisville Courier-Journal.</i></p> + +<p>"This is one of the most useful books for writers, speakers, +and all who care for the use of language, which has appeared +in a long time."—<i>Cumberland Presbyterian</i>, Nashville.</p> + +<p>"It is a book of great value to all who take any interest +in correct and elegant language."—<i>Methodist</i>, Baltimore.</p> + +<p>"This work is a welcome aid to good writing and good +speech. It is worthy the close study of all who would cultivate +finished style. Its admirable arrangement and a good +index make it easy for reference."—<i>Christian Observer.</i></p> + +<p>"His book has some excellent qualities. In the first place, +it is absolutely free from dogmatic assertion; in the second +place, it contains copious examples from good authors, which +should guide aright the person investigating any word, if he is +thoroughly conversant with English."—<i>The Sun</i>, New York.</p></div> + +<hr class="chr" /> + +<div class="hd3"><i><big>STANDARD EDUCATIONAL SERIES</big></i></div> + +<h1>ENGLISH SYNONYMS<br /> +AND ANTONYMS</h1> + +<div class="hd1"><big>WITH NOTES ON THE<br /> +CORRECT USE OF PREPOSITIONS</big></div> + +<div class="hd4"><span class="smc">Designed as a Companion for the Study<br /> +and as a<br /> +Text-Book for the Use of Schools</span></div> + +<div class="hd5"> +<p class="hd1">BY</p> +<h2>JAMES C. FERNALD, L.H.D.</h2> +<div class="hd1"><i><small>Editor of Synonyms, Antonyms, and Prepositions in the Standard Dictionary</small></i></div></div> + +<div class="hd1"><i>NINETEENTH EDITION</i></div> + +<div class="hd6"><p class="hd1"><big>FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY</big></p> + +<p class="hd1">NEW YORK AND LONDON</p></div> + +<hr class="chr" /> + +<div class="hd1"><i><small>Copyright, 1896, by FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY.</small></i></div> + +<hr class="phr" /> + +<div class="hd1"><i><small>Registered at Stationers' Hall, London, Eng.</small></i></div> + +<div class="hd6"><div class="hd1"><small><span class="smc">Printed in the United States</span></small></div></div> + +<div class="trn"><p class="hd1"><big>Transcriber's Note:</big></p> + +<p>Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note, whilst +a list of significant amendments can be found at the end of the +text. Inconsistent hyphenation and conflicting variant spellings +have been standardised, except where used for emphasis. +The following linked table, covering the main body of the text, has been added for convenience.</p> + +<div class="hd1"> +<table class="tbin" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr> +<td><a href="#ABANDON">A</a></td> +<td><a href="#BABBLE">B</a></td> +<td><a href="#CABAL">C</a></td> +<td><a href="#DAILY">D</a></td> +<td><a href="#EAGER">E</a></td> +<td><a href="#FAINT">F</a></td> +<td><a href="#GARRULOUS">G</a></td> +<td><a href="#HABIT">H</a></td> +<td><a href="#IDEA">I</a></td> +<td><a href="#JOURNEY">J</a></td> +<td><a href="#KEEP">K</a></td> +<td><a href="#LANGUAGE">L</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a href="#MAKE">M</a></td> +<td><a href="#NAME">N</a></td> +<td><a href="#OATH">O</a></td> +<td><a href="#PAIN">P</a></td> +<td><a href="#QUEER">Q</a></td> +<td><a href="#RACY">R</a></td> +<td><a href="#SACRAMENT">S</a></td> +<td><a href="#TACITURN">T</a></td> +<td><a href="#UNION">U</a></td> +<td><a href="#VACANT">V</a></td> +<td><a href="#WANDER">W</a></td> +<td><a href="#YET">Y</a></td> +</tr> +</table></div></div> + +<hr class="chr" /> +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<div class="hd1"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td class="tdr" colspan="2"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc1">Preface</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vii">vii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc1" colspan="2">Part I.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc2">Synonyms, Antonyms and Prepositions</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc1" colspan="2">Part II.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc2">Questions and Answers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_377">377</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdc1">Index</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_509">509</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr class="chr" /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> +<h2>PREFACE.</h2> + +<p>The English language is peculiarly rich in synonyms, as, with +such a history, it could not fail to be. From the time of Julius +Cæsar, Britons, Romans, Northmen, Saxons, Danes, and Normans +fighting, fortifying, and settling upon the soil of England, with +Scotch and Irish contending for mastery or existence across the +mountain border and the Channel, and all fenced in together by the +sea, could not but influence each other's speech. English merchants, +sailors, soldiers, and travelers, trading, warring, and exploring in +every clime, of necessity brought back new terms of sea and +shore, of shop and camp and battlefield. English scholars have +studied Greek and Latin for a thousand years, and the languages +of the Continent and of the Orient in more recent times. English +churchmen have introduced words from Hebrew, Greek, and +Latin, through Bible and prayer-book, sermon and tract. From +all this it results that there is scarcely a language ever spoken +among men that has not some representative in English speech. +The spirit of the Anglo-Saxon race, masterful in language as in +war and commerce, has subjugated all these various elements to +one idiom, making not a patchwork, but a composite language. +Anglo-Saxon thrift, finding often several words that originally expressed +the same idea, has detailed them to different parts of the +common territory or to different service, so that we have an almost +unexampled variety of words, kindred in meaning but distinct in +usage, for expressing almost every shade of human thought.</p> + +<p>Scarcely any two of such words, commonly known as synonyms, +are identical at once in signification and in use. They have certain +common ground within which they are interchangeable; but outside +of that each has its own special province, within which +any other word comes as an intruder. From these two qualities +arises the great value of synonyms as contributing to beauty and +effectiveness of expression. As interchangeable, they make possible +that freedom and variety by which the diction of an accomplished +writer or speaker differs from the wooden uniformity of a +legal document. As distinct and specific, they enable a master of +style to choose in every instance the one term that is the most<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span> +perfect mirror of his thought. To write or speak to the best purpose, +one should know in the first place all the words from which +he may choose, and then the exact reason why in any case any +particular word should be chosen. To give such knowledge in +these two directions is the office of a book of synonyms.</p> + +<p>Of Milton's diction Macaulay writes:</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>"His poetry acts like an incantation. Its merit lies less in its obvious meaning +than in its occult power. There would seem, at first sight, to be no more in his +words than in other words. But they are words of enchantment. No sooner are +they pronounced, than the past is present and the distant near. New forms of beauty +start at once into existence, and all the burial places of the memory give up their +dead. Change the structure of the sentence; <i>substitute one synonym for another</i>, and +the whole effect is destroyed. The spell loses its power; and he who should then +hope to conjure with it would find himself as much mistaken as Cassim in the +Arabian tale, when he stood crying, 'Open Wheat,' 'Open Barley,' to the door which +obeyed no sound but 'Open Sesame.' The miserable failure of Dryden in his attempt +to translate into his own diction some parts of the 'Paradise Lost' is a remarkable +instance of this."</p></div> + +<p>Macaulay's own writings abound in examples of that exquisite +precision in the choice of words, which never seems to be precise, +but has all the aspect of absolute freedom. Through his language +his thought bursts upon the mind as a landscape is seen instantly, +perfectly, and beautifully from a mountain height. A +little vagueness of thought, a slight infelicity in the choice of +words would be like a cloud upon the mountain, obscuring the +scene with a damp and chilling mist. Let anyone try the experiment +with a poem like Gray's "Elegy," or Goldsmith's "Traveller" +or "Deserted Village," of substituting other words for those +the poet has chosen, and he will readily perceive how much of +the charm of the lines depends upon their fine exactitude of +expression.</p> + +<p>In our own day, when so many are eager to write, and confident +that they can write, and when the press is sending forth by +the ton that which is called literature, but which somehow lacks +the imprint of immortality, it is of the first importance to revive +the study of synonyms as a distinct branch of rhetorical culture. +Prevalent errors need at times to be noted and corrected, but the +teaching of pure English speech is the best defense against all that +is inferior, unsuitable, or repulsive. The most effective condemnation +of an objectionable word or phrase is that it is not found in +scholarly works, and a student who has once learned the rich +stores of vigorous, beautiful, exact, and expressive words that +make up our noble language, is by that very fact put beyond the +reach of all temptation to linguistic corruption.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> + +<p>Special instruction in the use of synonyms is necessary, for the +reason that few students possess the analytical power and habit +of mind required to hold a succession of separate definitions in +thought at once, compare them with each other, and determine +just where and how they part company; and the persons least +able to do this are the very ones most in need of the information. +The distinctions between words similar in meaning are often so +fine and elusive as to tax the ingenuity of the accomplished +scholar; yet when clearly apprehended they are as important for +the purposes of language as the minute differences between similar +substances are for the purposes of chemistry. Often definition +itself is best secured by the comparison of kindred terms and +the pointing out where each differs from the other. We perceive +more clearly and remember better what each word is, by +perceiving where each divides from another of kindred meaning; +just as we see and remember better the situation and contour of +adjacent countries, by considering them as boundaries of each +other, rather than by an exact statement of the latitude and +longitude of each as a separate portion of the earth's surface.</p> + +<p>The great mass of untrained speakers and writers need to be reminded, +in the first place, <i>that there are synonyms</i>—a suggestion +which they would not gain from any precision of separate definitions +in a dictionary. The deplorable repetition with which many +slightly educated persons use such words as "elegant," "splendid," +"clever," "awful," "horrid," etc., to indicate (for they can not be +said to express) almost any shade of certain approved or objectionable +qualities, shows a limited vocabulary, a poverty of language, +which it is of the first importance to correct. Many who are not +given to such gross misuse would yet be surprised to learn how +often they employ a very limited number of words in the attempt +to give utterance to thoughts and feelings so unlike, that what is +the right word on one occasion must of necessity be the wrong +word at many other times. Such persons are simply unconscious +of the fact that there are other words of kindred meaning from +which they might choose; as the United States surveyors of +Alaska found "the shuddering tenant of the frigid zone" wrapping +himself in furs and cowering over a fire of sticks with +untouched coal-mines beneath his feet.</p> + +<p>Such poverty of language is always accompanied with poverty +of thought. One who is content to use the same word for widely +different ideas has either never observed or soon comes to forget +that there is any difference between the ideas; or perhaps he retains<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span> +a vague notion of a difference which he never attempts to define to +himself, and dimly hints to others by adding to his inadequate +word some such phrase as "you see" or "you know," in the helpless +attempt to inject into another mind by suggestion what adequate +words would enable him simply and distinctly to say. Such +a mind resembles the old maps of Africa in which the interior was +filled with cloudy spaces, where modern discovery has revealed +great lakes, fertile plains, and mighty rivers. One main office of +a book of synonyms is to reveal to such persons the unsuspected +riches of their own language; and when a series of words is given +them, from which they may choose, then, with intelligent choice of +words there comes of necessity a clearer perception of the difference +of the ideas that are to be expressed by those different +words. Thus, copiousness and clearness of language tend directly +to affluence and precision of thought.</p> + +<p>Hence there is an important use for mere lists of classified synonyms, +like Roget's Thesaurus and the works of Soule and Fallows. +Not one in a thousand of average students would ever discover, +by independent study of the dictionary, that there are fifteen +synonyms for <i>beautiful</i>, twenty-one for <i>beginning</i>, fifteen +for <i>benevolence</i>, twenty for <i>friendly</i>, and thirty-seven for <i>pure</i>. +The mere mention of such numbers opens vistas of possible fulness, +freedom, and variety of utterance, which will have for many +persons the effect of a revelation.</p> + +<p>But it is equally important to teach <i>that synonyms are not +identical</i> and to explain why and how they differ. A person of +extensive reading and study, with a fine natural sense of language, +will often find all that he wants in the mere list, which recalls to +his memory the appropriate word. But for the vast majority +there is needed some work that compares or contrasts synonymous +words, explains their differences of meaning or usage, and shows +in what connections one or the other may be most fitly used. This +is the purpose of the present work, to be a guide to selection from +the varied treasures of English speech.</p> + +<p>This work treats within 375 pages more than 7500 synonyms. +It has been the study of the author to give every definition or +distinction in the fewest possible words consistent with clearness +of statement, and this not merely for economy of space, but +because such condensed statements are most easily apprehended +and remembered.</p> + +<p>The method followed has been to select from every group of synonyms +one word, or two contrasted words, the meaning of which<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> +may be settled by clear definitive statement, thus securing some +fixed point or points to which all the other words of the group may +be referred. The great source of vagueness, error, and perplexity in +many discussions of synonyms is, that the writer merely associates +stray ideas loosely connected with the different words, sliding from +synonym to synonym with no definite point of departure or return, +so that a smooth and at first sight pleasing statement really gives the +mind no definite resting-place and no sure conclusion. A true discussion +of synonyms is definition by comparison, and for this there +must be something definite with which to compare. When the +standard is settled, approximation or differentiation can be determined +with clearness and certainty. It is not enough to tell something +about each word. The thing to tell is how each word is +related to others of that particular group. When a word has more +than one prominent meaning, the synonyms for one signification +are treated in one group and a reference is made to some other +group in which the synonyms for another signification are treated, +as may be seen by noting the synonyms given under <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPARENT">APPARENT</a></span>, and +following the reference to <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVIDENT">EVIDENT</a></span>.</p> + +<p>It has been impossible within the limits of this volume to treat +in full all the words of each group of synonyms. Sometimes it +has been necessary to restrict the statement to a mere suggestion +of the correct use; in some cases only the chief words of a group +could be considered, giving the key to the discussion, and leaving +the student to follow out the principle in the case of other words +by reference to the definitive statements of the dictionary. It is to +be hoped that at some time a dictionary of synonyms may be prepared, +giving as full a list as that of Roget or of Soule, with discriminating +remarks upon every word. Such a work would be of +the greatest value, but obviously beyond the scope of a text-book +for the class-room.</p> + +<p>The author has here incorporated, by permission of the publishers +of the Standard Dictionary, much of the synonym matter +prepared by him for that work. All has been thoroughly revised +or reconstructed, and much wholly new matter has been added.</p> + +<p>The book contains also more than 3700 antonyms. These are +valuable as supplying definition by contrast or by negation, one of +the most effective methods of defining being in many cases to tell +what a thing is not. To speakers and writers antonyms are useful +as furnishing oftentimes effective antitheses.</p> + +<p>Young writers will find much help from the indication of the +correct use of prepositions, the misuse of which is one of the most<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> +common of errors, and one of the most difficult to avoid, while +their right use gives to style cohesion, firmness, and compactness, +and is an important aid to perspicuity. To the text of the synonyms +is appended a set of Questions and Examples to adapt the +work for use as a text-book. Aside from the purposes of the class-room, +this portion will be found of value to the individual student. +Excepting those who have made a thorough study of language +most persons will discover with surprise how difficult it is to +answer any set of the Questions or to fill the blanks in the Examples +without referring to the synonym treatment in Part I., or +to a dictionary, and how rarely they can give any intelligent +reason for preference even among familiar words. There are few +who can study such a work without finding occasion to correct +some errors into which they have unconsciously fallen, and without +coming to a new delight in the use of language from a fuller +knowledge of its resources and a clearer sense of its various +capabilities.</p> + +<p><i>West New Brighton, N. Y.</i>, Sept. 4, 1896.</p> + +<hr class="chr" /> +<h2>PART I.</h2> + +<hr class="chr" /> +<div class="hd2"><small>BOOKS OF REFERENCE.</small></div> + +<div class="bq4"><p>Crabb's "English Synonymes Explained." [H.]</p> + +<p>Soule's "Dictionary of English Synonyms." [L.]</p> + +<p>Smith's "Synonyms Discriminated." [<span class="smc">Bell</span>.]</p> + +<p>Graham's "English Synonyms." [A.]</p> + +<p>Whateley's "English Synonyms Discriminated." [L. & S.]</p> + +<p>Campbell's "Handbook of Synonyms." [L. & S.]</p> + +<p>Fallows' "Complete Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms." [F. H. R.]</p> + +<p>Roget's "Thesaurus of English Words." [F. & W. <span class="smc">Co.</span>]</p> + +<p>Trench's "Study of English Words." [W. J. W.]</p> + +<p>Richard Grant White, "Words and their Uses," and "Every Day English." [H. M. +& <span class="smc">Co.</span>]</p> + +<p>Geo. P. Marsh, "Lectures on the English Language," and "Origin and History of +the English Language." [S.]</p> + +<p>Fitzedward Hall, "False Philology." [S.]</p> + +<p>Maetzner's "English Grammar," tr. by Grece. [J. M.]</p></div> + +<p>The Synonyms of the Century and International Dictionaries +have also been consulted and compared.</p> + +<p>The Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary has been used as +the authority throughout.</p> + +<div class="hd6"><p class="hd1">ABBREVIATIONS USED.</p></div> + +<div class="hd1"> +<table class="tbab" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td class="tdsz" colspan="2"></td><td class="tdsz" colspan="2"></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">A.</td><td class="tdr">D. Appleton & Co.</td><td class="tdab2" rowspan="2">K.-F.</td><td class="tdr">Krauth-Fleming</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">AS.</td><td class="tdr">Anglo-Saxon</td><td class="tdr">"Vocabulary of Philosophy."</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1"><span class="smc">Bell</span>; B. & S.</td><td class="tdr">Bell & Sons</td><td class="tdab2">L.</td><td class="tdr">Latin; Lippincott & Co.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">F.</td><td class="tdr">French</td><td class="tdab2">L. & S.</td><td class="tdr">Lee & Shepard</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">F. H. R.</td><td class="tdr">Fleming H. Revell</td><td class="tdab2">M.</td><td class="tdr">Murray's New English Dictionary</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">F. & W. <span class="smc">Co.</span></td><td class="tdr">Funk & Wagnalls Co.</td><td class="tdab2"><span class="smc">Macm.</span></td><td class="tdr">Macmillan & Co.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">G.</td><td class="tdr">German</td><td class="tdab2">S.</td><td class="tdr">Chas. Scribner's Sons</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">Gr.</td><td class="tdr">Greek</td><td class="tdab2">Sp.</td><td class="tdr">Spanish</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">H.</td><td class="tdr">Harper & Bros.</td><td class="tdab2">T. & F.</td><td class="tdr">Ticknor & Fields</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">H. M. & <span class="smc">Co.</span></td><td class="tdr">Houghton, Mifflin & Co.</td><td class="tdab2">T. & H.</td><td class="tdr">Troutman & Hayes</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">It.</td><td class="tdr">Italian</td><td class="tdab2">T. & M.</td><td class="tdr">Taylor, Walton & Maberley</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdab1">J. M.</td><td class="tdr">John Murray</td><td class="tdab2">W. J. W.</td><td class="tdr">W. J. Widdleton</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr class="chr" /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> +<h2>PART I.</h2> + +<h2><big>SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS AND +PREPOSITIONS.</big></h2> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABANDON" id="ABANDON"></a>ABANDON.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abdicate,</td><td>desert,</td><td>leave,</td><td>resign,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abjure,</td><td>discontinue,</td><td>quit,</td><td>retire from,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cast off,</td><td>forego,</td><td>recant,</td><td>retract,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cease,</td><td>forsake,</td><td>relinquish,</td><td>surrender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cede,</td><td>forswear,</td><td>renounce,</td><td>vacate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>depart from,</td><td>give up,</td><td>repudiate,</td><td>withdraw from.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abandon</i> is a word of wide signification, applying to persons +or things of any kind; <i>abdicate</i> and <i>resign</i> apply to office, authority, +or power; <i>cede</i> to territorial possessions; <i>surrender</i> especially +to military force, and more generally to any demand, claim, passion, +etc. <i>Quit</i> carries an idea of suddenness or abruptness not necessarily +implied in <i>abandon</i>, and may not have the same suggestion +of finality. The king <i>abdicates</i> his throne, <i>cedes</i> his territory, +<i>deserts</i> his followers, <i>renounces</i> his religion, <i>relinquishes</i> his titles, +<i>abandons</i> his designs. A cowardly officer <i>deserts</i> his ship; the +helpless passengers <i>abandon</i> it. We <i>quit</i> business, <i>give up</i> property, +<i>resign</i> office, <i>abandon</i> a habit or a trust. <i>Relinquish</i> commonly +implies reluctance; the fainting hand <i>relinquishes</i> its +grasp; the creditor <i>relinquishes</i> his claim. <i>Abandon</i> implies +previous association with responsibility for or control of; <i>forsake</i> +implies previous association with inclination or attachment, real +or assumed; a man may <i>abandon</i> or <i>forsake</i> house or friends; +he <i>abandons</i> an enterprise; <i>forsakes</i> God. <i>Abandon</i> is applied +to both good and evil action; a thief <i>abandons</i> his designs, a +man his principles. <i>Forsake</i>, like <i>abandon</i>, may be used either +in the favorable or unfavorable sense; <i>desert</i> is always unfavorable,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +involving a breach of duty, except when used of +mere localities; as, "the Deserted Village." While a monarch +<i>abdicates</i>, a president or other elected or appointed officer +<i>resigns</i>. It was held that James II. <i>abdicated</i> his throne by +<i>deserting</i> it.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adopt,</td><td>defend,</td><td>occupy,</td><td>seek,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advocate,</td><td>favor,</td><td>prosecute,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assert,</td><td>haunt,</td><td>protect,</td><td>undertake,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cherish,</td><td>hold,</td><td>pursue,</td><td>uphold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>claim,</td><td>keep,</td><td>retain,</td><td>vindicate.</td></tr> +<tr><td>court,</td><td colspan="3">maintain,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABASE" id="ABASE"></a>ABASE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bring low,</td><td>depress,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>lower,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cast down,</td><td>discredit,</td><td>humble,</td><td>reduce,</td></tr> +<tr><td>debase,</td><td>disgrace,</td><td>humiliate,</td><td>sink.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">degrade,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abase</i> refers only to outward conditions. "Exalt him that is +low, and <i>abase</i> him that is high." <i>Ezek.</i> xxi, 26. <i>Debase</i> applies +to quality or character. The coinage is <i>debased</i> by excess of +alloy, the man by vice. <i>Humble</i> in present use refers chiefly to +feeling of heart; <i>humiliate</i> to outward conditions; even when +one is said to <i>humble</i> himself, he either has or affects to have +humility of heart. To <i>disgrace</i> may be to bring or inflict odium +upon others, but the word is chiefly and increasingly applied to +such moral odium as one by his own acts brings upon himself; the +noun <i>disgrace</i> retains more of the passive sense than the verb; he +<i>disgraced</i> himself by his conduct; he brought <i>disgrace</i> upon his +family. To <i>dishonor</i> a person is to deprive him of honor that +should or might be given. To <i>discredit</i> one is to injure his reputation, +as for veracity or solvency. A sense of unworthiness +<i>humbles</i>; a shameful insult <i>humiliates</i>; imprisonment for crime +<i>disgraces</i>. <i>Degrade</i> may refer to either station or character. +An officer is <i>degraded</i> by being <i>reduced</i> to the ranks, <i>disgraced</i> +by cowardice; vile practises <i>degrade</i>; drunkenness is a <i>degrading</i> +vice. Misfortune or injustice may <i>abase</i> the good; nothing but +their own ill-doing can <i>debase</i> or <i>disgrace</i> them.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>elevate,</td><td>honor,</td><td>raise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aggrandize,</td><td>exalt,</td><td>promote,</td><td>uplift.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">dignify,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ABASH" id="ABASH"></a>ABASH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bewilder,</td><td>daunt,</td><td>embarrass,</td><td>mortify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chagrin,</td><td>discompose,</td><td>humble,</td><td>overawe,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confound,</td><td>disconcert,</td><td>humiliate,</td><td>shame.</td></tr> +<tr><td>confuse,</td><td colspan="3">dishearten,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Any sense of inferiority <i>abashes</i>, with or without the sense +of wrong. The poor are <i>abashed</i> at the splendor of wealth, the +ignorant at the learning of the wise. "I might have been <i>abashed</i> +by their authority." <span class="smc">Gladstone</span> <i>Homeric Synchron.</i>, p. 72. [<span class="smcl">H.</span> +'76.] To <i>confuse</i> is to bring into a state of mental bewilderment; +to <i>confound</i> is to overwhelm the mental faculties; to <i>daunt</i> is to +subject to a certain degree of fear. <i>Embarrass</i> is a strong word, +signifying primarily hamper, hinder, impede. A solitary thinker +may be <i>confused</i> by some difficulty in a subject, or some mental +defect; one is <i>embarrassed</i> in the presence of others, and because +of their presence. Confusion is of the intellect, embarrassment +of the feelings. A witness may be <i>embarrassed</i> by annoying +personalities, so as to become <i>confused</i> in statements. To <i>mortify</i> +a person is to bring upon him a painful sense of humiliation, +whether because of his own or another's fault or failure. A pupil +is <i>confused</i> by a perplexing question, a general <i>confounded</i> by +overwhelming defeat. A hostess is <i>discomposed</i> by the tardiness +of guests, a speaker <i>disconcerted</i> by a failure of memory. The +criminal who is not <i>abashed</i> at detection may be <i>daunted</i> by the +officer's weapon. Sudden joy may <i>bewilder</i>, but will not <i>abash</i>. +The true worshiper is <i>humbled</i> rather than <i>abashed</i> before God. +The parent is <i>mortified</i> by the child's rudeness, the child <i>abashed</i> +at the parent's reproof. The <i>embarrassed</i> speaker finds it difficult +to proceed. The mob is <i>overawed</i> by the military, the hypocrite +<i>shamed</i> by exposure. "A man whom no denial, no scorn could +<i>abash</i>." <span class="smc">Fielding</span> <i>Amelia</i> bk. iii, ch. 9, p. 300. [<span class="smcl">B. & S.</span> '71.] +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHAGRIN">CHAGRIN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>animate,</td><td>cheer,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>rally,</td></tr> +<tr><td>buoy,</td><td>embolden,</td><td>inspirit,</td><td>uphold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ABATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>decline,</td><td>ebb,</td><td>mitigate,</td><td>reduce,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decrease,</td><td>lessen,</td><td>moderate,</td><td>subside.</td></tr> +<tr><td>diminish,</td><td colspan="3">lower,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The storm, the fever, the pain <i>abates</i>. Interest <i>declines</i>. Misfortunes +may be <i>mitigated</i>, desires <i>moderated</i>, intense anger<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> +<i>abated</i>, population <i>decreased</i>, taxes <i>reduced</i>. We <i>abate</i> a nuisance, +<i>terminate</i> a controversy, <i>suppress</i> a rebellion. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggravate,</td><td>enhance,</td><td>foment,</td><td>rage,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amplify,</td><td>enlarge,</td><td>increase,</td><td>raise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continue,</td><td>extend,</td><td>magnify,</td><td>revive.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">develop,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Abate <i>in</i> fury; abated <i>by</i> law.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABBREVIATION" id="ABBREVIATION"></a>ABBREVIATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abridgment,</td><td>contraction.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>abbreviation</i> is a shortening by any method; a <i>contraction</i> +is a reduction of size by the drawing together of the parts. A +<i>contraction</i> of a word is made by omitting certain letters or +syllables and bringing together the first and last letters or elements; +an <i>abbreviation</i> may be made either by omitting certain +portions from the interior or by cutting off a part; a <i>contraction</i> +is an <i>abbreviation</i>, but an <i>abbreviation</i> is not necessarily a <i>contraction</i>; +<i>rec't</i> for receipt, <i>mdse.</i> for merchandise, and <i>Dr.</i> for +debtor are <i>contractions</i>; they are also <i>abbreviations</i>; <i>Am.</i> for +American is an <i>abbreviation</i>, but not a <i>contraction</i>. <i>Abbreviation</i> +and <i>contraction</i> are used of words and phrases, <i>abridgment</i> +of books, paragraphs, sentences, etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABRIDGMENT">ABRIDGMENT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABET" id="ABET"></a>ABET.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advocate,</td><td>countenance,</td><td>incite,</td><td>sanction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>embolden,</td><td>instigate,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assist,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>promote,</td><td>uphold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abet</i> and <i>instigate</i> are now used almost without exception in +a bad sense; one may <i>incite</i> either to good or evil. One <i>incites</i> +or <i>instigates</i> to the doing of something not yet done, or to increased +activity or further advance in the doing of it; one <i>abets</i> +by giving sympathy, countenance, or substantial aid to the doing +of that which is already projected or in process of commission. +<i>Abet</i> and <i>instigate</i> apply either to persons or actions, <i>incite</i> to +persons only; one <i>incites</i> a person <i>to</i> an action. A clergyman +will <i>advocate</i> the claims of justice, <i>aid</i> the poor, <i>encourage</i> the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> +despondent, <i>support</i> the weak, <i>uphold</i> the constituted authorities; +but he will not <i>incite</i> to a quarrel, <i>instigate</i> a riot, or <i>abet</i> a +crime. The originator of a crime often <i>instigates</i> or <i>incites</i> others +to <i>abet</i> him in it, or one may <i>instigate</i> or <i>incite</i> others to a crime +in the commission of which he himself takes no active part. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HELP">HELP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>baffle,</td><td>deter,</td><td>dissuade,</td><td>hinder,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confound,</td><td>disapprove,</td><td>expose,</td><td>impede,</td></tr> +<tr><td>counteract,</td><td>disconcert,</td><td>frustrate,</td><td>obstruct.</td></tr> +<tr><td>denounce,</td><td colspan="3">discourage,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABHOR" id="ABHOR"></a>ABHOR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abominate,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>loathe,</td><td>scorn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>despise,</td><td>hate,</td><td>nauseate,</td><td>shun.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">detest,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abhor</i> is stronger than <i>despise</i>, implying a shuddering recoil, +especially a moral recoil. "How many <i>shun</i> evil as inconvenient +who do not <i>abhor</i> it as hateful." <span class="smc">Trench</span> <i>Serm. in Westm. Abbey</i> +xxvi, 297. [<span class="smcl">M.</span>] <i>Detest</i> expresses indignation, with something of +contempt. <i>Loathe</i> implies disgust, physical or moral. We <i>abhor</i> +a traitor, <i>despise</i> a coward, <i>detest</i> a liar. We <i>dislike</i> an uncivil +person. We <i>abhor</i> cruelty, <i>hate</i> tyranny. We <i>loathe</i> a reptile +or a flatterer. We <i>abhor</i> Milton's heroic Satan, but we can not +<i>despise</i> him.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admire,</td><td>crave,</td><td>esteem,</td><td>love,</td></tr> +<tr><td>approve,</td><td>desire,</td><td>like,</td><td>relish.</td></tr> +<tr><td>covet,</td><td colspan="3">enjoy,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABIDE" id="ABIDE"></a>ABIDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anticipate,</td><td>dwell,</td><td>remain,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>await,</td><td>endure,</td><td>reside,</td><td>tarry,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bear,</td><td>expect,</td><td>rest,</td><td>tolerate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bide,</td><td>inhabit,</td><td>sojourn,</td><td>wait,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confront,</td><td>live,</td><td>stay,</td><td>watch.</td></tr> +<tr><td>continue,</td><td colspan="3">lodge,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>abide</i> is to remain continuously without limit of time +unless expressed by the context: "to-day I must <i>abide</i> at thy +house," <i>Luke</i> xix, 5; "a settled place for thee to <i>abide</i> in forever," +<i>1 Kings</i> viii, 13; "<i>Abide</i> with me! fast falls the eventide," +<span class="smc">Lyte</span> <i>Hymn</i>. <i>Lodge</i>, <i>sojourn</i>, <i>stay</i>, <i>tarry</i>, and <i>wait</i> always imply +a limited time; <i>lodge</i>, to pass the night; <i>sojourn</i>, to <i>remain</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> +temporarily; <i>live</i>, <i>dwell</i>, <i>reside</i>, to have a permanent home. +<i>Stop</i>, in the sense of <i>stay</i> or <i>sojourn</i>, is colloquial, and not in +approved use. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENDURE">ENDURE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REST">REST</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>forfeit,</td><td>migrate,</td><td>reject,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avoid,</td><td>forfend,</td><td>move,</td><td>resist,</td></tr> +<tr><td>depart,</td><td>journey,</td><td>proceed,</td><td>shun.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Abide <i>in</i> a place, <i>for</i> a time, <i>with</i> a person, <i>by</i> a statement.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABOLISH" id="ABOLISH"></a>ABOLISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abate,</td><td>eradicate,</td><td>prohibit,</td><td>stamp out,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abrogate,</td><td>exterminate,</td><td>remove,</td><td>subvert,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annihilate,</td><td>extirpate,</td><td>repeal,</td><td>supplant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annul,</td><td>nullify,</td><td>reverse,</td><td>suppress,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destroy,</td><td>obliterate,</td><td>revoke,</td><td>terminate.</td></tr> +<tr><td>end,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td colspan="2">set aside,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abolish</i>, to do away with, bring absolutely to an end, especially +as something hostile, hindering, or harmful, was formerly used of +persons and material objects, a usage now obsolete except in +poetry or highly figurative speech. <i>Abolish</i> is now used of +institutions, customs, and conditions, especially those wide-spread +and long existing; as, to <i>abolish</i> slavery, ignorance, intemperance, +poverty. A building that is burned to the ground is said to be +<i>destroyed</i> by fire. <i>Annihilate</i>, as a philosophical term, signifies +to put absolutely out of existence. As far as our knowledge goes, +matter is never <i>annihilated</i>, but only changes its form. Some +believe that the wicked will be <i>annihilated</i>. <i>Abolish</i> is not said +of laws. There we use <i>repeal</i>, <i>abrogate</i>, <i>nullify</i>, etc.: <i>repeal</i> by +the enacting body, <i>nullify</i> by revolutionary proceedings; a later +statute <i>abrogates</i>, without formally <i>repealing</i>, any earlier law +with which it conflicts. An appellate court may <i>reverse</i> or <i>set +aside</i> the decision of an inferior court. <i>Overthrow</i> may be used +in either a good or a bad sense; <i>suppress</i> is commonly in a good, +<i>subvert</i> always in a bad sense; as, to <i>subvert</i> our liberties; +to <i>suppress</i> a rebellion. The law <i>prohibits</i> what may never +have existed; it <i>abolishes</i> an existing evil. We <i>abate</i> a nuisance, +<i>terminate</i> a controversy. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CANCEL">CANCEL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEMOLISH">DEMOLISH</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#EXTERMINATE">EXTERMINATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>authorize,</td><td>establish,</td><td>reinstate,</td><td>revive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cherish,</td><td>institute,</td><td>renew,</td><td>set up,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confirm,</td><td>introduce,</td><td>repair,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continue,</td><td>legalize,</td><td>restore,</td><td>sustain.</td></tr> +<tr><td>enact,</td><td colspan="3">promote,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ABOMINATION" id="ABOMINATION"></a>ABOMINATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abhorrence,</td><td>curse,</td><td>hatred,</td><td>plague,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abuse,</td><td>detestation,</td><td>horror,</td><td>shame,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annoyance,</td><td>disgust,</td><td>iniquity,</td><td>villainy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aversion,</td><td>evil,</td><td>nuisance,</td><td>wickedness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>crime,</td><td>execration,</td><td colspan="2">offense,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abomination</i> (from the L. <i>ab omen</i>, a thing of ill omen) was +originally applied to anything held in religious or ceremonial +<i>aversion</i> or <i>abhorrence</i>; as, "The things which are highly +esteemed among men are <i>abomination</i> in the sight of God." +<i>Luke</i> xvi, 15. The word is oftener applied to the object of such +<i>aversion</i> or <i>abhorrence</i> than to the state of mind that so regards +it; in common use <i>abomination</i> signifies something very much +disliked or loathed, or that deserves to be. Choice food may be +an object of <i>aversion</i> and <i>disgust</i> to a sick person; vile food +would be an <i>abomination</i>. A toad is to many an object of +<i>disgust</i>; a foul sewer is an <i>abomination</i>. As applied to crimes, +<i>abomination</i> is used of such as are especially brutal, shameful, or +revolting; theft is an <i>offense</i>; infanticide is an <i>abomination</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affection,</td><td>blessing,</td><td>enjoyment,</td><td>joy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appreciation,</td><td>delight,</td><td>esteem,</td><td>satisfaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>approval,</td><td>desire,</td><td>gratification,</td><td>treat.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">benefit,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABRIDGMENT" id="ABRIDGMENT"></a>ABRIDGMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abbreviation,</td><td>compend,</td><td>epitome,</td><td>summary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abstract,</td><td>compendium,</td><td>outline,</td><td>synopsis.</td></tr> +<tr><td>analysis,</td><td colspan="3">digest,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>abridgment</i> gives the most important portions of a work +substantially as they stand. An <i>outline</i> or <i>synopsis</i> is a kind of +sketch closely following the plan. An <i>abstract</i> or <i>digest</i> is an +independent statement of what the book contains. An <i>analysis</i> +draws out the chief thoughts or arguments, whether expressed or +implied. A <i>summary</i> is the most condensed statement of results +or conclusions. An <i>epitome</i>, <i>compend</i>, or <i>compendium</i> is a condensed +view of a subject, whether derived from a previous publication +or not. We may have an <i>abridgment</i> of a dictionary, but +not an <i>analysis</i>, <i>abstract</i>, <i>digest</i>, or <i>summary</i>. We may have an +<i>epitome</i> of religion, a <i>compendium</i> of English literature, but not +an <i>abridgment</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABBREVIATION">ABBREVIATION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ABSOLUTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arbitrary,</td><td>compulsory,</td><td>haughty,</td><td>peremptory,</td></tr> +<tr><td>arrogant,</td><td>controlling,</td><td>imperative,</td><td>positive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authoritative,</td><td>despotic,</td><td>imperious,</td><td>supreme,</td></tr> +<tr><td>autocratic,</td><td>dictatorial,</td><td>irresponsible,</td><td>tyrannical,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coercive,</td><td>dogmatic,</td><td>lordly,</td><td>unconditional,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commanding,</td><td>domineering,</td><td>overbearing,</td><td>unequivocal.</td></tr> +<tr><td>compulsive,</td><td colspan="3">exacting,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In the strict sense, <i>absolute</i>, free from all limitation or control, +and <i>supreme</i>, superior to all, can not properly be said of any being +except the divine. Both words are used, however, in a modified +sense, of human authorities; <i>absolute</i> then signifying free from +limitation by other authority, and <i>supreme</i> exalted over all other; +as, an <i>absolute</i> monarch, the <i>supreme</i> court. <i>Absolute</i>, in this +use, does not necessarily carry any unfavorable sense, but as <i>absolute</i> +power in human hands is always abused, the unfavorable +meaning predominates. <i>Autocratic</i> power knows no limits outside +the ruler's self; <i>arbitrary</i> power, none outside the ruler's will +or judgment, <i>arbitrary</i> carrying the implication of wilfulness +and capriciousness. <i>Despotic</i> is commonly applied to a masterful +or severe use of power, which is expressed more decidedly by +<i>tyrannical</i>. <i>Arbitrary</i> may be used in a good sense; as, the pronunciation +of proper names is <i>arbitrary</i>; but the bad sense is +the prevailing one; as, an <i>arbitrary</i> proceeding. <i>Irresponsible</i> +power is not necessarily bad, but eminently dangerous; an executor +or trustee should not be <i>irresponsible</i>; an <i>irresponsible</i> ruler +is likely to be <i>tyrannical</i>. A perfect ruler might be <i>irresponsible</i> +and not <i>tyrannical</i>. <i>Authoritative</i> is used always in a good +sense, implying the right to claim authority; <i>imperative</i>, <i>peremptory</i>, +and <i>positive</i> are used ordinarily in the good sense; as, an +<i>authoritative</i> definition; an <i>imperative</i> demand; a <i>peremptory</i> +command; <i>positive</i> instructions; <i>imperious</i> signifies assuming +and determined to command, rigorously requiring obedience. An +<i>imperious</i> demand or requirement may have in it nothing offensive; +it is simply one that resolutely insists upon compliance, and +will not brook refusal; an <i>arrogant</i> demand is offensive by its +tone of superiority, an <i>arbitrary</i> demand by its unreasonableness; +an <i>imperious</i> disposition is liable to become <i>arbitrary</i> and <i>arrogant</i>. +A person of an independent spirit is inclined to resent an +<i>imperious</i> manner in any one, especially in one whose superiority +is not clearly recognized. <i>Commanding</i> is always used in a good<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +sense; as, a <i>commanding</i> appearance; a <i>commanding</i> eminence. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DOGMATIC">DOGMATIC</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INFINITE">INFINITE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERFECT">PERFECT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accountable,</td><td>constitutional,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>lowly,</td><td>responsible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complaisant,</td><td>contingent,</td><td>humble,</td><td>meek,</td><td>submissive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compliant,</td><td>docile,</td><td>lenient,</td><td>mild,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +<tr><td>conditional,</td><td>ductile,</td><td colspan="3">limited,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABSOLVE" id="ABSOLVE"></a>ABSOLVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acquit,</td><td>exculpate,</td><td>forgive,</td><td>pardon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>exempt,</td><td>free,</td><td>release,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discharge,</td><td>exonerate,</td><td>liberate,</td><td>set free.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>absolve</i>, in the strict sense, is to <i>set free</i> from any bond. One +may be <i>absolved</i> from a promise by a breach of faith on the part +of one to whom the promise was made. To <i>absolve</i> from sins is +formally to remit their condemnation and penalty, regarded as a +bond upon the soul. "Almighty God ... <i>pardoneth</i> and <i>absolveth</i> +all those who truly repent, and unfeignedly believe his holy +Gospel." <i>Book of Common Prayer, Declar. of Absol.</i> To <i>acquit</i> +of sin or crime is to <i>free</i> from the accusation of it, pronouncing +one guiltless; the innocent are rightfully <i>acquitted</i>; the guilty +may be mercifully <i>absolved</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PARDON_v">PARDON</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accuse,</td><td>charge,</td><td>condemn,</td><td>impeach,</td><td>obligate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bind,</td><td>compel,</td><td>convict,</td><td>inculpate,</td><td>oblige.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>One is absolved <i>from</i> (rarely <i>of</i>) a promise, a sin, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ABSORB.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>consume,</td><td>engross,</td><td>suck up,</td><td>take in,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drink in,</td><td>exhaust,</td><td>swallow,</td><td rowspan="2">take up.</td></tr> +<tr><td>drink up,</td><td>imbibe,</td><td>swallow up,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A fluid that is <i>absorbed</i> is <i>taken up</i> into the mass of the <i>absorbing</i> +body, with which it may or may not permanently combine. +Wood expands when it <i>absorbs</i> moisture, iron when it <i>absorbs</i> +heat, the substance remaining perhaps otherwise substantially +unchanged; quicklime, when it <i>absorbs</i> water, becomes a new +substance with different qualities, hydrated or slaked lime. A +substance is <i>consumed</i> which is destructively appropriated by +some other substance, being, or agency, so that it ceases to exist or +to be recognized as existing in its original condition; fuel is <i>consumed</i> +in the fire, food in the body; <i>consume</i> is also applied to +whatever is removed from the market for individual use; as, silk +and woolen goods are <i>consumed</i>. A great talker <i>engrosses</i> the +conversation. A credulous person <i>swallows</i> the most preposterous<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +statement. A busy student <i>imbibes</i> or <i>drinks in</i> knowledge; he +is <i>absorbed</i> in a subject that takes his whole attention. "I only +postponed it because I happened to get <i>absorbed</i> in a book." <span class="smc">Kane</span> +<i>Grinnell Exped.</i> ch. 43, page 403. [<span class="smcl">H.</span> '54.]</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cast out,</td><td>dissipate,</td><td>emit,</td><td>put forth,</td><td>shoot forth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disgorge,</td><td>distract,</td><td>exude,</td><td>radiate,</td><td>throw off,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disperse,</td><td>eject,</td><td>give up,</td><td>send out,</td><td>vomit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Plants absorb moisture <i>from</i> the air; the student is absorbed <i>in</i> +thought; nutriment may be absorbed <i>into</i> the system <i>through</i> the +skin.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABSTINENCE" id="ABSTINENCE"></a>ABSTINENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstemiousness,</td><td>frugality,</td><td>self-denial,</td><td>sobriety,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continence,</td><td>moderation,</td><td>self-restraint,</td><td>temperance.</td></tr> +<tr><td>fasting,</td><td colspan="3">self-control,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abstinence</i> from food commonly signifies going without; <i>abstemiousness</i>, +partaking moderately; <i>abstinence</i> may be for a single +occasion, <i>abstemiousness</i> is habitual <i>moderation</i>. <i>Self-denial</i> +is giving up what one wishes; <i>abstinence</i> may be refraining from +what one does not desire. <i>Fasting</i> is <i>abstinence</i> from food for a +limited time, and generally for religious reasons. <i>Sobriety</i> and +<i>temperance</i> signify maintaining a quiet, even temper by moderate +indulgence in some things, complete <i>abstinence</i> from others. We +speak of <i>temperance</i> in eating, but of <i>abstinence</i> from vice. <i>Total +abstinence</i> has come to signify the entire abstaining from intoxicating +liquors.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>drunkenness,</td><td>greed,</td><td>reveling,</td><td>sensuality,</td></tr> +<tr><td>excess,</td><td>intemperance,</td><td>revelry,</td><td rowspan="2">wantonness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>gluttony,</td><td>intoxication,</td><td>self-indulgence,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The negative side of virtue is abstinence <i>from</i> vice.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABSTRACT" id="ABSTRACT"></a>ABSTRACT, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appropriate,</td><td>distract,</td><td>purloin,</td><td>steal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>detach,</td><td>divert,</td><td>remove,</td><td>take away,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discriminate,</td><td>eliminate,</td><td>separate,</td><td>withdraw.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">distinguish,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The central idea of <i>withdrawing</i> makes <i>abstract</i> in common +speech a euphemism for <i>appropriate</i> (unlawfully), <i>purloin</i>, <i>steal</i>. +In mental processes we <i>discriminate</i> between objects by <i>distinguishing</i> +their differences; we <i>separate</i> some one element from +all that does not necessarily belong to it, <i>abstract</i> it, and view it +alone. We may <i>separate</i> two ideas, and hold both in mind in<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +comparison or contrast; but when we <i>abstract</i> one of them, we +drop the other out of thought. The mind is <i>abstracted</i> when it is +<i>withdrawn</i> from all other subjects and concentrated upon one, +<i>diverted</i> when it is drawn away from what it would or should attend +to by some other interest, <i>distracted</i> when the attention is +divided among different subjects, so that it can not be given +properly to any. The trouble with the <i>distracted</i> person is that +he is not <i>abstracted</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DISCERN">DISCERN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>add,</td><td>complete,</td><td>fill up,</td><td>restore,</td><td rowspan="2">unite.</td></tr> +<tr><td>combine,</td><td>conjoin,</td><td>increase,</td><td>strengthen,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The purse may be abstracted <i>from</i> the pocket; the substance +<i>from</i> the accidents; a book <i>into</i> a compend.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ABSTRACTED.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absent,</td><td>heedless,</td><td>listless,</td><td>preoccupied,</td></tr> +<tr><td>absent-minded,</td><td>inattentive,</td><td>negligent,</td><td>thoughtless.</td></tr> +<tr><td>absorbed,</td><td>indifferent,</td><td colspan="2">oblivious,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>As regards mental action, <i>absorbed</i>, <i>abstracted</i>, and <i>preoccupied</i> +refer to the cause, <i>absent</i> or <i>absent-minded</i> to the effect. +The man <i>absorbed</i> in one thing will appear <i>absent</i> in others. A +<i>preoccupied</i> person may seem <i>listless</i> and <i>thoughtless</i>, but the +really <i>listless</i> and <i>thoughtless</i> have not mental energy to be <i>preoccupied</i>. +The <i>absent-minded</i> man is <i>oblivious</i> of ordinary matters, +because his thoughts are elsewhere. One who is <i>preoccupied</i> +is intensely busy in thought; one may be <i>absent-minded</i> either +through intense concentration or simply through inattention, with +fitful and aimless wandering of thought. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSTRACT">ABSTRACT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alert,</td><td>on hand,</td><td>ready,</td><td rowspan="2">wide-awake.</td></tr> +<tr><td>attentive,</td><td>prompt,</td><td>thoughtful,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ABSURD" id="ABSURD"></a>ABSURD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anomalous,</td><td>ill-considered,</td><td>ludicrous,</td><td>ridiculous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chimerical,</td><td>ill-judged,</td><td>mistaken,</td><td>senseless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>erroneous,</td><td>inconclusive,</td><td>monstrous,</td><td>stupid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>false,</td><td>incorrect,</td><td>nonsensical,</td><td>unreasonable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>foolish,</td><td>infatuated,</td><td>paradoxical,</td><td rowspan="2">wild.</td></tr> +<tr><td>ill-advised,</td><td>irrational,</td><td>preposterous,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>absurd</i> which is contrary to the first principles of reasoning; +as, that a part should be greater than the whole is <i>absurd</i>. +A <i>paradoxical</i> statement appears at first thought contradictory +or <i>absurd</i>, while it may be really true. Anything is <i>irrational</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +when clearly contrary to sound reason, <i>foolish</i> when contrary to +practical good sense, <i>silly</i> when petty and contemptible in its folly, +<i>erroneous</i> when containing error that vitiates the result, <i>unreasonable</i> +when there seems a perverse bias or an intent to go wrong. +<i>Monstrous</i> and <i>preposterous</i> refer to what is overwhelmingly +<i>absurd</i>; as, "<i>O monstrous!</i> eleven buckram men grown out of +two," <span class="smc">Shakespeare</span> <i>1 King Henry IV</i>, act ii, sc. 4. The <i>ridiculous</i> +or the <i>nonsensical</i> is worthy only to be laughed at. The +lunatic's claim to be a king is <i>ridiculous</i>; the Mother Goose +rimes are <i>nonsensical</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INCONGRUOUS">INCONGRUOUS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certain,</td><td>incontrovertible,</td><td>rational,</td><td>substantial,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consistent,</td><td>indisputable,</td><td>reasonable,</td><td>true,</td></tr> +<tr><td>demonstrable,</td><td>indubitable,</td><td>sagacious,</td><td>undeniable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>demonstrated,</td><td>infallible,</td><td>sensible,</td><td>unquestionable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>established,</td><td rowspan="2">logical,</td><td rowspan="2">sound,</td><td rowspan="2">wise.</td></tr> +<tr><td>incontestable,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ABUSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggrieve,</td><td>impose on <span class="nbi">or</span></td><td>oppress,</td><td>ruin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>damage,</td><td class="pl2">upon,</td><td>persecute,</td><td>slander,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defame,</td><td>injure,</td><td>pervert,</td><td>victimize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defile,</td><td>malign,</td><td>prostitute,</td><td>vilify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disparage,</td><td>maltreat,</td><td>rail at,</td><td>violate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>harm,</td><td>misemploy,</td><td>ravish,</td><td>vituperate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ill-treat,</td><td>misuse,</td><td>reproach,</td><td rowspan="2">wrong.</td></tr> +<tr><td>ill-use,</td><td>molest,</td><td>revile,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abuse</i> covers all unreasonable or improper use or treatment by +word or act. A tenant does not <i>abuse</i> rented property by "reasonable +wear," though that may <i>damage</i> the property and <i>injure</i> +its sale; he may <i>abuse</i> it by needless defacement or neglect. It is +possible to <i>abuse</i> a man without <i>harming</i> him, as when the criminal +<i>vituperates</i> the judge; or to <i>harm</i> a man without <i>abusing</i> +him, as when the witness tells the truth about the criminal. <i>Defame</i>, +<i>malign</i>, <i>rail at</i>, <i>revile</i>, <i>slander</i>, <i>vilify</i>, and <i>vituperate</i> are +used always in a bad sense. One may be justly <i>reproached</i>. To +<i>impose on</i> or to <i>victimize</i> one is to <i>injure</i> him by <i>abusing</i> his confidence. +To <i>persecute</i> one is to <i>ill-treat</i> him for opinion's sake, +commonly for religious belief; to <i>oppress</i> is generally for political +or pecuniary motives. "Thou shalt not <i>oppress</i> an hired servant +that is poor and needy," <i>Deut.</i> xxiv, 14. <i>Misemploy</i>, <i>misuse</i>, +and <i>pervert</i> are commonly applied to objects rather than to persons. +A dissolute youth <i>misemploys</i> his time, <i>misuses</i> his money<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +and opportunities, <i>harms</i> his associates, <i>perverts</i> his talents, +<i>wrongs</i> his parents, <i>ruins</i> himself, <i>abuses</i> every good gift of God.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>applaud,</td><td>conserve,</td><td>favor,</td><td>protect,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benefit,</td><td>consider,</td><td>laud,</td><td>regard,</td><td>tend,</td></tr> +<tr><td>care for,</td><td>eulogize,</td><td>panegyrize,</td><td>respect,</td><td>uphold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cherish,</td><td>extol,</td><td>praise,</td><td>shield,</td><td>vindicate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ACCESSORY" id="ACCESSORY"></a>ACCESSORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abetter <span class="nbi">or</span> abettor,</td><td>associate,</td><td>companion,</td><td>henchman,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accomplice,</td><td>attendant,</td><td>confederate,</td><td>participator,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ally,</td><td>coadjutor,</td><td>follower,</td><td>partner,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assistant,</td><td>colleague,</td><td>helper,</td><td>retainer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Colleague</i> is used always in a good sense, <i>associate</i> and <i>coadjutor</i> +generally so; <i>ally</i>, <i>assistant</i>, <i>associate</i>, <i>attendant</i>, <i>companion</i>, +<i>helper</i>, either in a good or a bad sense; <i>abetter</i>, <i>accessory</i>, <i>accomplice</i>, +<i>confederate</i>, almost always in a bad sense. <i>Ally</i> is oftenest +used of national and military matters, or of some other connection +regarded as great and important; as, <i>allies</i> of despotism. +<i>Colleague</i> is applied to civil and ecclesiastical connections; members +of Congress from the same State are <i>colleagues</i>, even though +they may be bitter opponents politically and personally. An <i>Associate</i> +Justice of the Supreme Court is near in <i>rank</i> to the Chief +Justice. A surgeon's <i>assistant</i> is a physician or medical student +who shares in the treatment and care of patients; a surgeon's <i>attendant</i> +is one who rolls bandages and the like. <i>Follower</i>, <i>henchman</i>, +<i>retainer</i> are persons especially devoted to a chief, and generally +bound to him by necessity, fee, or reward. <i>Partner</i> has +come to denote almost exclusively a business connection. In law, +an <i>abettor</i> (the general legal spelling) is always present, either +actively or constructively, at the commission of the crime; an <i>accessory</i> +never. An <i>accomplice</i> is usually a principal; an <i>accessory</i> +never. If present, though only to stand outside and keep watch +against surprise, one is an <i>abettor</i>, and not an <i>accessory</i>. At +common law, an <i>accessory</i> implies a principal, and can not be +convicted until after the conviction of the principal; the <i>accomplice</i> +or <i>abettor</i> can be convicted as a principal. <i>Accomplice</i> and +<i>abettor</i> have nearly the same meaning, but the former is the popular, +the latter more distinctively the legal term. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPENDAGE">APPENDAGE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#AUXILIARY">AUXILIARY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adversary,</td><td>chief,</td><td>foe,</td><td>leader,</td><td>principal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonist,</td><td>commander,</td><td>hinderer,</td><td>opponent,</td><td rowspan="2">rival.</td></tr> +<tr><td>betrayer,</td><td>enemy,</td><td>instigator,</td><td>opposer,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An accessory <i>to</i> the crime; <i>before</i> or <i>after</i> the fact; the accessories +<i>of</i> a figure <i>in</i> a painting.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ACCIDENT" id="ACCIDENT"></a>ACCIDENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adventure,</td><td>contingency,</td><td>happening,</td><td>misfortune,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calamity,</td><td>disaster,</td><td>hazard,</td><td>mishap,</td></tr> +<tr><td>casualty,</td><td>fortuity,</td><td>incident,</td><td rowspan="2">possibility.</td></tr> +<tr><td>chance,</td><td>hap,</td><td>misadventure,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>accident</i> is that which happens without any one's direct intention; +a <i>chance</i> that which happens without any known cause. +If the direct cause of a railroad <i>accident</i> is known, we can not +call it a <i>chance</i>. To the theist there is, in strictness, no <i>chance</i>, +all things being by divine causation and control; but <i>chance</i> is +spoken of where no special cause is manifest: "By <i>chance</i> there +came down a certain priest that way," <i>Luke</i> x, 31. We can speak +of a game of <i>chance</i>, but not of a game of <i>accident</i>. An <i>incident</i> +is viewed as occurring in the regular course of things, but subordinate +to the main purpose, or aside from the main design. <i>Fortune</i> +is the result of inscrutable controlling forces. <i>Fortune</i> and +<i>chance</i> are nearly equivalent, but <i>chance</i> can be used of human +effort and endeavor as <i>fortune</i> can not be; we say "he has a +<i>chance</i> of success," or "there is one <i>chance</i> in a thousand," where +we could not substitute <i>fortune</i>; as personified, <i>Fortune</i> is regarded +as having a fitful purpose, <i>Chance</i> as purposeless; we +speak of fickle <i>Fortune</i>, blind <i>Chance</i>; "<i>Fortune</i> favors the +brave." The slaughter of men is an <i>incident</i> of battle; unexpected +defeat, the <i>fortune</i> of war. Since the unintended is often the undesirable, +<i>accident</i> tends to signify some <i>calamity</i> or <i>disaster</i>, unless +the contrary is expressed, as when we say a fortunate or +happy <i>accident</i>. An <i>adventure</i> is that which may turn out ill, a +<i>misadventure</i> that which does turn out ill. A slight disturbing +<i>accident</i> is a <i>mishap</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVENT">EVENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HAZARD">HAZARD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appointment,</td><td>decree,</td><td>intention,</td><td>ordainment,</td><td>preparation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calculation,</td><td>fate,</td><td>law,</td><td>ordinance,</td><td>provision,</td></tr> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>foreordination,</td><td>necessity,</td><td>plan,</td><td>purpose.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The accident <i>of</i> birth; an accident <i>to</i> the machinery.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ACQUAINTANCE" id="ACQUAINTANCE"></a>ACQUAINTANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>association,</td><td>experience,</td><td>fellowship,</td><td>intimacy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>companionship,</td><td>familiarity,</td><td>friendship,</td><td>knowledge.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Acquaintance</i> between persons supposes that each knows the +other; we may know a public man by his writings or speeches, +and by sight, but can not claim <i>acquaintance</i> unless he personally +knows us. There may be pleasant <i>acquaintance</i> with little <i>companionship</i>; +and conversely, much <i>companionship</i> with little +<i>acquaintance</i>, as between busy clerks at adjoining desks. So +there may be <i>association</i> in business without <i>intimacy</i> or <i>friendship</i>. +<i>Acquaintance</i> admits of many degrees, from a slight or +passing to a familiar or intimate <i>acquaintance</i>; but <i>acquaintance</i> +unmodified commonly signifies less than <i>familiarity</i> or <i>intimacy</i>. +As regards persons, <i>familiarity</i> is becoming restricted to the undesirable +sense, as in the proverb, "<i>Familiarity</i> breeds contempt;" +hence, in personal relations, the word <i>intimacy</i>, which +refers to mutual knowledge of thought and feeling, is now uniformly +preferred. <i>Friendship</i> includes <i>acquaintance</i> with some +degree of <i>intimacy</i>, and ordinarily <i>companionship</i>, though in a +wider sense <i>friendship</i> may exist between those who have never +met, but know each other only by word and deed. <i>Acquaintance</i> +does not involve <i>friendship</i>, for one may be well acquainted with +an enemy. <i>Fellowship</i> involves not merely <i>acquaintance</i> and +<i>companionship</i>, but sympathy as well. There may be much +<i>friendship</i> without much <i>fellowship</i>, as between those whose +homes or pursuits are far apart. There may be pleasant <i>fellowship</i> +which does not reach the fulness of <i>friendship</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTACHMENT">ATTACHMENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOVE">LOVE</a></span>. As regards studies, pursuits, +etc., <i>acquaintance</i> is less than <i>familiarity</i>, which supposes minute +<i>knowledge</i> of particulars, arising often from long <i>experience</i> or +<i>association</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ignorance,</td><td>ignoring,</td><td>inexperience,</td><td>unfamiliarity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Acquaintance <i>with</i> a subject; <i>of</i> one person <i>with</i> another; +<i>between</i> persons.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ACRIMONY" id="ACRIMONY"></a>ACRIMONY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acerbity,</td><td>harshness,</td><td>severity,</td><td>tartness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>asperity,</td><td>malignity,</td><td>sharpness,</td><td>unkindness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bitterness,</td><td>moroseness,</td><td>sourness,</td><td>virulence.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">causticity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span><i>Acerbity</i> is a <i>sharpness</i>, with a touch of <i>bitterness</i>, which may +arise from momentary annoyance or habitual impatience; <i>asperity</i> +is keener and more pronounced, denoting distinct irritation or +vexation; in speech <i>asperity</i> is often manifested by the tone of +voice rather than by the words that are spoken. <i>Acrimony</i> in +speech or temper is like a corrosive acid; it springs from settled +character or deeply rooted feeling of aversion or unkindness. One +might speak with momentary <i>asperity</i> to his child, but not with +<i>acrimony</i>, unless estrangement had begun. <i>Malignity</i> is the extreme +of settled ill intent; <i>virulence</i> is an envenomed hostility. +<i>Virulence</i> of speech is a quality in language that makes the language +seem as if exuding poison. <i>Virulence</i> is outspoken; <i>malignity</i> +may be covered with smooth and courteous phrase. We say +intense <i>virulence</i>, deep <i>malignity</i>. <i>Severity</i> is always painful, +and may be terrible, but carries ordinarily the implication, true or +false, of justice. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BITTER">BITTER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amiability,</td><td>gentleness,</td><td>kindness,</td><td>smoothness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>courtesy,</td><td>good nature,</td><td>mildness,</td><td>sweetness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ACT_n" id="ACT_n"></a>ACT, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplishment,</td><td>execution,</td><td>movement,</td></tr> +<tr><td>achievement,</td><td>exercise,</td><td>operation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>exertion,</td><td>performance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consummation,</td><td>exploit,</td><td>proceeding,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deed,</td><td>feat,</td><td>transaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>doing,</td><td>motion,</td><td>work.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3">effect,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>act</i> is strictly and originally something accomplished by an +exercise of power, in which sense it is synonymous with <i>deed</i> or +<i>effect</i>. <i>Action</i> is a <i>doing</i>. <i>Act</i> is therefore single, individual, +momentary; <i>action</i> a complex of <i>acts</i>, or a process, state, or habit +of exerting power. We say a virtuous <i>act</i>, but rather a virtuous +course of <i>action</i>. We speak of the <i>action</i> of an acid upon a +metal, not of its <i>act</i>. <i>Act</i> is used, also, for the simple <i>exertion</i> of +power; as, an <i>act</i> of will. In this sense an <i>act</i> does not necessarily +imply an external <i>effect</i>, while an <i>action</i> does. Morally, the +<i>act</i> of murder is in the determination to kill; legally, the <i>act</i> is +not complete without the striking of the fatal blow. <i>Act</i> and +<i>deed</i> are both used for the thing done, but <i>act</i> refers to the power +put forth, <i>deed</i> to the result accomplished; as, a voluntary <i>act</i>, a +bad <i>deed</i>. In connection with other words <i>act</i> is more usually +qualified by the use of another noun, <i>action</i> by an adjective preceding; +we may say a kind <i>act</i>, though oftener an <i>act</i> of kindness,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +but only a kind <i>action</i>, not an <i>action</i> of kindness. As between +<i>act</i> and <i>deed</i>, <i>deed</i> is commonly used of great, notable, and impressive +<i>acts</i>, as are <i>achievement</i>, <i>exploit</i>, and <i>feat</i>.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p><i>Festus</i>: We live in <i>deeds</i>, not years; in thoughts, not breaths.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Bailey</span> <i>Festus, A Country Town</i>, sc. 7.</p></div> + +<p class="noin">A <i>feat</i> exhibits strength, skill, personal power, whether mental or +physical, especially the latter; as, a <i>feat</i> of arms, a <i>feat</i> of memory. +An <i>exploit</i> is a conspicuous or glorious <i>deed</i>, involving valor +or heroism, usually combined with strength, skill, loftiness of +thought, and readiness of resource; an <i>achievement</i> is the doing +of something great and noteworthy; an <i>exploit</i> is brilliant, but its +effect may be transient; an <i>achievement</i> is solid, and its effect +enduring. <i>Act</i> and <i>action</i> are both in contrast to all that is merely +passive and receptive. The intensest <i>action</i> is easier than passive +endurance.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cessation,</td><td>immobility,</td><td>inertia,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>suffering,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deliberation,</td><td>inaction,</td><td>passion,<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td><td>repose,</td><td rowspan="2">suspension.</td></tr> +<tr><td>endurance,</td><td>inactivity,</td><td>quiescence,</td><td>rest,</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> In philosophic sense.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ACTIVE" id="ACTIVE"></a>ACTIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agile,</td><td>energetic,</td><td>officious,</td><td>sprightly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alert,</td><td>expeditious,</td><td>prompt,</td><td>spry,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brisk,</td><td>industrious,</td><td>quick,</td><td>supple,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bustling,</td><td>lively,</td><td>ready,</td><td>vigorous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>busy,</td><td>mobile,</td><td>restless,</td><td>wide awake.</td></tr> +<tr><td>diligent,</td><td colspan="3">nimble,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Active</i> refers to both quickness and constancy of action; in the +former sense it is allied with <i>agile</i>, <i>alert</i>, <i>brisk</i>, etc.; in the latter, +with <i>busy</i>, <i>diligent</i>, <i>industrious</i>. The <i>active</i> love employment, +the <i>busy</i> are actually employed, the <i>diligent</i> and the <i>industrious</i> +are habitually <i>busy</i>. The <i>restless</i> are <i>active</i> from inability to keep +quiet; their activity may be without purpose, or out of all proportion +to the purpose contemplated. The <i>officious</i> are undesirably +<i>active</i> in the affairs of others. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALERT">ALERT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALIVE">ALIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MEDDLESOME">MEDDLESOME</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>inactive,</td><td>lazy,</td><td>slow,</td></tr> +<tr><td>heavy,</td><td>indolent,</td><td>quiescent,</td><td>sluggish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>idle,</td><td>inert,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>stupid.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Active <i>in</i> work, <i>in</i> a cause; <i>for</i> an object, as <i>for</i> justice; <i>with</i> +persons or instrumentalities; <i>about</i> something, as <i>about</i> other +people's business.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ACUMEN" id="ACUMEN"></a>ACUMEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acuteness,</td><td>insight,</td><td>perspicacity,</td><td>sharpness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cleverness,</td><td>keenness,</td><td rowspan="2">sagacity,</td><td rowspan="2">shrewdness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>discernment,</td><td>penetration,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sharpness</i>, <i>acuteness</i>, and <i>insight</i>, however keen, and <i>penetration</i>, +however deep, fall short of the meaning of <i>acumen</i>, which +implies also ability to use these qualities to advantage. There are +persons of keen <i>insight</i> and great <i>penetration</i> to whom these +powers are practically useless. <i>Acumen</i> is <i>sharpness</i> to some +purpose, and belongs to a mind that is comprehensive as well as +keen. <i>Cleverness</i> is a practical aptitude for study or learning. +<i>Insight</i> and <i>discernment</i> are applied oftenest to the judgment of +character; <i>penetration</i> and <i>perspicacity</i> to other subjects of +knowledge. <i>Sagacity</i> is an uncultured skill in using quick perceptions +for a desired end, generally in practical affairs; <i>acumen</i> +may increase with study, and applies to the most erudite matters. +<i>Shrewdness</i> is <i>keenness</i> or <i>sagacity</i>, often with a somewhat evil +bias, as ready to take advantage of duller intellects. <i>Perspicacity</i> +is the power to see clearly through that which is difficult or involved. +We speak of the <i>acuteness</i> of an observer or a reasoner, +the <i>insight</i> and <i>discernment</i> of a student, a clergyman, or a merchant, +the <i>sagacity</i> of a hound, the <i>keenness</i> of a debater, the +<i>shrewdness</i> of a usurer, the <i>penetration</i>, <i>perspicacity</i>, and <i>acumen</i> +of a philosopher.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bluntness,</td><td>dulness,</td><td>obtuseness,</td><td>stupidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ADD" id="ADD"></a>ADD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adjoin,</td><td>annex,</td><td>augment,</td><td>extend,</td><td>make up,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affix,</td><td>append,</td><td>cast up,</td><td>increase,</td><td>subjoin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amplify,</td><td>attach,</td><td>enlarge,</td><td>join on,</td><td>sum up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>add</i> is to <i>increase</i> by <i>adjoining</i> or <i>uniting</i>: in distinction +from multiply, which is to <i>increase</i> by repeating. To <i>augment</i> a +thing is to <i>increase</i> it by any means, but this word is seldom used +directly of material objects; we do not <i>augment</i> a house, a farm, +a nation, etc. We may <i>enlarge</i> a house, a farm, or an empire, +<i>extend</i> influence or dominion, <i>augment</i> riches, power or influence, +<i>attach</i> or <i>annex</i> a building to one that it <i>adjoins</i> or papers +to the document they refer to, <i>annex</i> a clause or a codicil, <i>affix</i> a +seal or a signature, <i>annex</i> a territory, <i>attach</i> a condition to a promise. +A speaker may <i>amplify</i> a discourse by a fuller treatment<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +throughout than was originally planned, or he may <i>append</i> or +<i>subjoin</i> certain remarks without change of what has gone before. +We <i>cast up</i> or <i>sum up</i> an account, though <i>add up</i> and <i>make up</i> +are now more usual expressions.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstract,</td><td>diminish,</td><td>lessen,</td><td>remove,</td><td rowspan="2">withdraw.</td></tr> +<tr><td>deduct,</td><td>dissever,</td><td>reduce,</td><td>subtract,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Other items are to be added <i>to</i> the account.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADDICTED.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandoned,</td><td>devoted,</td><td>given over,</td><td>inclined,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accustomed,</td><td>disposed,</td><td>given up,</td><td>prone,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attached,</td><td>given,</td><td>habituated,</td><td>wedded.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One is <i>addicted</i> to that which he has allowed to gain a strong, +habitual, and enduring hold upon action, inclination, or involuntary +tendency, as to a habit or indulgence. A man may be <i>accustomed</i> +to labor, <i>attached</i> to his profession, <i>devoted</i> to his religion, <i>given</i> +to study or to gluttony (in the bad sense, <i>given over</i>, or <i>given up</i>, +is a stronger and more hopeless expression, as is <i>abandoned</i>). One +<i>inclined</i> to luxury may become <i>habituated</i> to poverty. One is +<i>wedded</i> to that which has become a second nature; as, one is +<i>wedded</i> to science or to art. <i>Prone</i> is used only in a bad sense, +and generally of natural tendencies; as, our hearts are <i>prone</i> to +evil. <i>Abandoned</i> tells of the acquired viciousness of one who has +given himself up to wickedness. <i>Addicted</i> may be used in a +good, but more frequently a bad sense; as, <i>addicted</i> to study; +<i>addicted</i> to drink. <i>Devoted</i> is used chiefly in the good sense; as, +a mother's <i>devoted</i> affection.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>averse,</td><td>disinclined,</td><td>indisposed,</td><td>unaccustomed.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Addicted <i>to</i> vice.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADDRESS, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cost,</td><td>approach,</td><td>hail,</td><td>speak to,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apostrophize,</td><td>court,</td><td>salute,</td><td>woo.</td></tr> +<tr><td>appeal,</td><td colspan="3">greet,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>accost</i> is to speak first, to friend or stranger, generally with +a view to opening conversation; <i>greet</i> is not so distinctly limited, +since one may return another's <i>greeting</i>; <i>greet</i> and <i>hail</i> may +imply but a passing word; <i>greeting</i> may be altogether silent; to +<i>hail</i> is to <i>greet</i> in a loud-voiced and commonly hearty and joyous<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +way, as appears in the expression "<i>hail</i> fellow, well met." To +<i>salute</i> is to <i>greet</i> with special token of respect, as a soldier his +commander. To <i>apostrophize</i> is to solemnly <i>address</i> some person +or personified attribute apart from the audience to whom one is +speaking; as, a preacher may <i>apostrophize</i> virtue, the saints of +old, or even the Deity. To <i>appeal</i> is strictly to call for some form +of help or support. <i>Address</i> is slightly more formal than <i>accost</i> +or <i>greet</i>, though it may often be interchanged with them. One +may <i>address</i> another at considerable length or in writing; he +<i>accosts</i> orally and briefly.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>avoid,</td><td>elude,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>pass by,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cut,</td><td>ignore,</td><td>pass,</td><td>shun.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Address the memorial <i>to</i> the legislature; the president addressed +the people <i>in</i> an eloquent speech; he addressed an intruder +<i>with</i> indignation.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ADDRESS_n" id="ADDRESS_n"></a>ADDRESS, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adroitness,</td><td>discretion,</td><td>manners,</td><td>readiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>courtesy,</td><td>ingenuity,</td><td>politeness,</td><td>tact.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">dexterity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Address</i> is that indefinable something which enables a man to +gain his object without seeming exertion or contest, and generally +with the favor and approval of those with whom he deals. It is a +general power to direct to the matter in hand whatever qualities +are most needed for it at the moment. It includes <i>adroitness</i> and +<i>discretion</i> to know what to do or say and what to avoid; <i>ingenuity</i> +to devise; <i>readiness</i> to speak or act; the <i>dexterity</i> that comes of +practise; and <i>tact</i>, which is the power of fine touch as applied to +human character and feeling. <i>Courtesy</i> and <i>politeness</i> are indispensable +elements of good <i>address</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SPEECH">SPEECH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkwardness,</td><td>clumsiness,</td><td>ill-breeding,</td><td>stupidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boorishness,</td><td>fatuity,</td><td>ill manners,</td><td>unmannerliness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clownishness,</td><td>folly,</td><td>rudeness,</td><td>unwisdom.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Address <i>in</i> dealing with opponents; the address <i>of</i> an accomplished +intriguer; an address <i>to</i> the audience.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ADEQUATE" id="ADEQUATE"></a>ADEQUATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>able,</td><td>competent,</td><td>fitted,</td><td>satisfactory,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adapted,</td><td>equal,</td><td>fitting,</td><td>sufficient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capable,</td><td rowspan="2">fit,</td><td rowspan="2">qualified,</td><td rowspan="2">suitable.</td></tr> +<tr><td>commensurate,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Adequate</i>, <i>commensurate</i>, and <i>sufficient</i> signify <i>equal</i> to some +given occasion or work; as, a sum <i>sufficient</i> to meet expenses; an +<i>adequate</i> remedy for the disease. <i>Commensurate</i> is the more precise +and learned word, signifying that which exactly measures the +matter in question. <i>Adapted</i>, <i>fit</i>, <i>suitable</i>, and <i>qualified</i> refer to +the qualities which match or suit the occasion. A clergyman may +have strength <i>adequate</i> to the work of a porter; but that would +not be a <i>fit</i> or <i>suitable</i> occupation for him. Work is <i>satisfactory</i> +if it satisfies those for whom it is done, though it may be very +poor work judged by some higher standard. <i>Qualified</i> refers to +acquired abilities; <i>competent</i> to both natural and acquired; a +<i>qualified</i> teacher may be no longer <i>competent</i>, by reason of ill +health. <i>Able</i> and <i>capable</i> suggest general ability and reserved +power, <i>able</i> being the higher word of the two. An <i>able</i> man will +do something well in any position. A <i>capable</i> man will come up +to any ordinary demand. We say an <i>able</i> orator, a <i>capable</i> accountant.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disqualified,</td><td>inferior,</td><td>unequal,</td><td>unsatisfactory,</td><td>useless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inadequate,</td><td>insufficient,</td><td>unfit,</td><td rowspan="2">unsuitable,</td><td rowspan="2">worthless.</td></tr> +<tr><td>incompetent,</td><td>poor,</td><td>unqualified,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Adequate <i>to</i> the demand; <i>for</i> the purpose.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ADHERENT" id="ADHERENT"></a>ADHERENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>ally,</td><td>disciple,</td><td rowspan="2">partisan,</td><td rowspan="2">supporter.</td></tr> +<tr><td>aider,</td><td>backer,</td><td>follower,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>adherent</i> is one who is devoted or attached to a person, +party, principle, cause, creed, or the like. One may be an <i>aider</i> +and <i>supporter</i> of a party or church, while not an <i>adherent</i> to all +its doctrines or claims. An <i>ally</i> is more independent still, as he +may differ on every point except the specific ground of union. +The <i>Allies</i> who overthrew Napoleon were united only against him. +<i>Allies</i> are regarded as equals; <i>adherents</i> and <i>disciples</i> are followers. +The <i>adherent</i> depends more on his individual judgment, the +<i>disciple</i> is more subject to command and instruction; thus we say +the <i>disciples</i> rather than the <i>adherents</i> of Christ. <i>Partisan</i> has<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +the narrow and odious sense of adhesion to a party, right or +wrong. One may be an <i>adherent</i> or <i>supporter</i> of a party and not +a <i>partisan</i>. <i>Backer</i> is a sporting and theatrical word, personal in +its application, and not in the best usage. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adversary,</td><td>betrayer,</td><td>enemy,</td><td>opponent,</td><td rowspan="2">traitor.</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonist,</td><td>deserter,</td><td>hater,</td><td>renegade,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Adherents <i>to</i> principle; adherents <i>of</i> Luther.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADHESIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cohesive,</td><td>gummy,</td><td>sticky,</td><td rowspan="2">viscous.</td></tr> +<tr><td>glutinous,</td><td>sticking,</td><td>viscid,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Adhesive</i> is the scientific, <i>sticking</i> or <i>sticky</i> the popular word. +That which is <i>adhesive</i> tends to join itself to the surface of any +other body with which it is placed in contact; <i>cohesive</i> expresses +the tendency of particles of the same substance to hold together. +Polished plate glass is not <i>adhesive</i>, but such plates packed together +are intensely <i>cohesive</i>. An <i>adhesive</i> plaster is in popular +language a <i>sticking</i>-plaster. <i>Sticky</i> expresses a more limited, and +generally annoying, degree of the same quality. <i>Glutinous</i>, +<i>gummy</i>, <i>viscid</i>, and <i>viscous</i> are applied to fluid or semi-fluid substances, +as pitch or tar.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>free,</td><td>inadhesive,</td><td>loose,</td><td>separable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The stiff, wet clay, adhesive <i>to</i> the foot, impeded progress.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADJACENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abutting,</td><td>bordering,</td><td>contiguous,</td><td>neighboring,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adjoining,</td><td>close,</td><td>coterminous,</td><td>next,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attached,</td><td>conterminous,</td><td>near,</td><td>nigh.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">beside,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Adjacent</i> farms may not be connected; if <i>adjoining</i>, they meet +at the boundary-line. <i>Conterminous</i> would imply that their +dimensions were exactly equal on the side where they adjoin. +<i>Contiguous</i> may be used for either <i>adjacent</i> or <i>adjoining</i>. <i>Abutting</i> +refers rather to the end of one building or estate than to the +neighborhood of another. Buildings may be <i>adjacent</i> or <i>adjoining</i> +that are not <i>attached</i>. <i>Near</i> is a relative word, places being +called <i>near</i> upon the railroad which would elsewhere be deemed +remote. <i>Neighboring</i> always implies such proximity that the inhabitants<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +may be neighbors. <i>Next</i> views some object as the nearest +of several or many; <i>next</i> neighbor implies a neighborhood.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>detached,</td><td>disconnected,</td><td>disjoined,</td><td>distant,</td><td>remote,</td><td>separate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The farm was adjacent <i>to</i> the village.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADMIRE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adore,</td><td>delight in,</td><td>extol,</td><td>respect,</td><td>venerate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>applaud,</td><td>enjoy,</td><td>honor,</td><td>revere,</td><td>wonder.</td></tr> +<tr><td>approve,</td><td>esteem,</td><td colspan="3">love,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In the old sense of <i>wonder</i>, <i>admire</i> is practically obsolete; the +word now expresses a delight and approval, in which the element +of wonder unconsciously mingles. We <i>admire</i> beauty in nature +and art, <i>delight in</i> the innocent happiness of children, <i>enjoy</i> books +or society, a walk or a dinner. We <i>approve</i> what is excellent, <i>applaud</i> +heroic deeds, <i>esteem</i> the good, <i>love</i> our friends. We <i>honor</i> +and <i>respect</i> noble character wherever found; we <i>revere</i> and <i>venerate</i> +it in the aged. We <i>extol</i> the goodness and <i>adore</i> the majesty +and power of God.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abhor,</td><td>contemn,</td><td>detest,</td><td>execrate,</td><td>ridicule,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abominate,</td><td>despise,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>hate,</td><td>scorn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p><i>Admire at</i> may still very rarely be found in the old sense of +<i>wonder at</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ADORN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beautify,</td><td>decorate,</td><td>garnish,</td><td>illustrate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bedeck,</td><td>embellish,</td><td>gild,</td><td>ornament.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">deck,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>embellish</i> is to brighten and enliven by adding something +that is not necessarily or very closely connected with that to which +it is added; to <i>illustrate</i> is to add something so far like in kind as +to cast a side-light upon the principal matter. An author <i>embellishes</i> +his narrative with fine descriptions, the artist <i>illustrates</i> it +with beautiful engravings, the binder <i>gilds</i> and <i>decorates</i> the volume. +<i>Garnish</i> is on a lower plane; as, the feast was <i>garnished</i> +with flowers. <i>Deck</i> and <i>bedeck</i> are commonly said of apparel; as, +a mother <i>bedecks</i> her daughter with silk and jewels. To <i>adorn</i> +and to <i>ornament</i> alike signify to add that which makes anything +beautiful and attractive, but <i>ornament</i> is more exclusively on the +material plane; as, the gateway was <i>ornamented</i> with delicate<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +carving. <i>Adorn</i> is more lofty and spiritual, referring to a beauty +which is not material, and can not be put on by ornaments or decorations, +but seems in perfect harmony and unity with that to +which it adds a grace; if we say, the gateway was <i>adorned</i> with +beautiful carving, we imply a unity and loftiness of design such +as <i>ornamented</i> can not express. We say of some admirable scholar +or statesman, "he touched nothing that he did not <i>adorn</i>."</p> + +<div class="bq1"><div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">At church, with meek and unaffected grace,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His looks <i>adorned</i> the venerable place.<br /></span> +</div> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Goldsmith</span> <i>Deserted Village</i>, l. 178.</p></div> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deface,</td><td>deform,</td><td>disfigure,</td><td>mar,</td><td>spoil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Adorn his temples <i>with</i> a coronet.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AFFRONT" id="AFFRONT"></a>AFFRONT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggravate,</td><td>exasperate,</td><td>offend,</td><td>vex,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annoy,</td><td>insult,</td><td>provoke,</td><td rowspan="2">wound.</td></tr> +<tr><td>displease,</td><td>irritate,</td><td>tease,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One may be <i>annoyed</i> by the well-meaning awkwardness of a +servant, <i>irritated</i> by a tight shoe or a thoughtless remark, <i>vexed</i> +at some careless neglect or needless misfortune, <i>wounded</i> by the +ingratitude of child or friend. To <i>tease</i> is to give some slight +and perhaps playful annoyance. <i>Aggravate</i> in the sense of <i>offend</i> +is colloquial. To <i>provoke</i>, literally to call out or challenge, is to +begin a contest; one <i>provokes</i> another to violence. To <i>affront</i> is +to offer some defiant offense or indignity, as it were, to one's face; +it is somewhat less than to <i>insult</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PIQUE">PIQUE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conciliate,</td><td>content,</td><td>gratify,</td><td>honor,</td><td>please.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AGENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actor,</td><td>factor,</td><td>means,</td><td>operator,</td><td rowspan="2">promoter.</td></tr> +<tr><td>doer,</td><td>instrument,</td><td>mover,</td><td>performer,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In strict philosophical usage, the prime <i>mover</i> or <i>doer</i> of an act +is the <i>agent</i>. Thus we speak of man as a voluntary <i>agent</i>, a free +<i>agent</i>. But in common usage, especially in business, an <i>agent</i> is +not the prime <i>actor</i>, but only an <i>instrument</i> or <i>factor</i>, acting +under orders or instructions. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chief,</td><td>inventor,</td><td>originator,</td><td>principal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An agent <i>of</i> the company <i>for</i> selling, etc.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="AGREE" id="AGREE"></a>AGREE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accede,</td><td>admit,</td><td>coincide,</td><td>concur,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accept,</td><td>approve,</td><td>combine,</td><td>consent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accord,</td><td rowspan="2">assent,</td><td rowspan="2">comply,</td><td rowspan="2">harmonize.</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquiesce,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Agree</i> is the most general term of this group, signifying to +have like qualities, proportions, views, or inclinations, so as to be +free from jar, conflict, or contradiction in a given relation. To +<i>concur</i> is to <i>agree</i> in general; to <i>coincide</i> is to <i>agree</i> in every particular. +Whether in application to persons or things, <i>concur</i> tends +to expression in action more than <i>coincide</i>; we may either <i>concur</i> +or <i>coincide</i> in an opinion, but <i>concur</i> in a decision; views <i>coincide</i>, +causes <i>concur</i>. One <i>accepts</i> another's terms, <i>complies</i> with his +wishes, <i>admits</i> his statement, <i>approves</i> his plan, <i>conforms</i> to his +views of doctrine or duty, <i>accedes</i> or <i>consents</i> to his proposal. +<i>Accede</i> expresses the more formal agreement, <i>consent</i> the more +complete. To <i>assent</i> is an act of the understanding; to <i>consent</i>, +of the will. We may <i>concur</i> or <i>agree</i> with others, either in opinion +or decision. One may silently <i>acquiesce</i> in that which does +not meet his views, but which he does not care to contest. He +<i>admits</i> the charge brought, or the statement made, by another—<i>admit</i> +always carrying a suggestion of reluctance. <i>Assent</i> is +sometimes used for a mild form of <i>consent</i>, as if agreement in the +opinion assured approval of the decision.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contend,</td><td>demur,</td><td>disagree,</td><td>oppose,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contradict,</td><td>deny,</td><td>dispute,</td><td>protest,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decline,</td><td>differ,</td><td>dissent,</td><td>refuse.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>I agree <i>in</i> opinion <i>with</i> the speaker; <i>to</i> the terms proposed; +persons agree <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> a statement of principles, rules, etc.; we +must agree <i>among</i> ourselves.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AGRICULTURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cultivation,</td><td>gardening,</td><td>kitchen-gardening,</td></tr> +<tr><td>culture,</td><td>horticulture,</td><td>market-gardening,</td></tr> +<tr><td>farming,</td><td rowspan="2">husbandry,</td><td rowspan="2">tillage.</td></tr> +<tr><td>floriculture,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Agriculture</i> is the generic term, including at once the science, +the art, and the process of supplying human wants by raising the +products of the soil, and by the associated industries; <i>farming</i> is +the practise of <i>agriculture</i> as a business; there may be theoretical +<i>agriculture</i>, but not theoretical <i>farming</i>; we speak of the science +of <i>agriculture</i>, the business of <i>farming</i>; scientific <i>agriculture</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +may be wholly in books; scientific <i>farming</i> is practised upon the +land; we say an <i>agricultural</i> college rather than a college of +<i>farming</i>. <i>Farming</i> refers to the <i>cultivation</i> of considerable portions +of land, and the raising of the coarser crops; <i>gardening</i> is +the close <i>cultivation</i> of a small area for small fruits, flowers, vegetables, +etc., and while it may be done upon a farm is yet a distinct +industry. <i>Gardening</i> in general, <i>kitchen-gardening</i>, the <i>cultivation</i> +of vegetables, etc., for the household, <i>market-gardening</i>, the +raising of the same for sale, <i>floriculture</i>, the <i>culture</i> of flowers, +and <i>horticulture</i>, the <i>culture</i> of fruits, flowers, or vegetables, are +all departments of <i>agriculture</i>, but not strictly nor ordinarily of +<i>farming</i>; <i>farming</i> is itself one department of <i>agriculture</i>. <i>Husbandry</i> +is a general word for any form of practical <i>agriculture</i>, +but is now chiefly poetical. <i>Tillage</i> refers directly to the work +bestowed upon the land, as plowing, manuring, etc.; <i>cultivation</i> +refers especially to the processes that bring forward the crop; we +speak of the <i>tillage</i> of the soil, the <i>cultivation</i> of corn; we also +speak of land as in a state of <i>cultivation</i>, under <i>cultivation</i>, etc. +<i>Culture</i> is now applied to the careful development of any product +to a state of perfection, especially by care through successive generations; +the choice varieties of the strawberry have been produced +by wise and patient <i>culture</i>; a good crop in any year is the result +of good <i>cultivation</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AIM" id="AIM"></a>AIM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aspiration,</td><td>endeavor,</td><td>intention,</td><td rowspan="4">tendency.</td></tr> +<tr><td>design,</td><td>goal,</td><td>mark,</td></tr> +<tr><td>determination,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>object,</td></tr> +<tr><td>end,</td><td>intent,</td><td>purpose,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>aim</i> is the direction in which one shoots, or sometimes +that which is aimed at. The <i>mark</i> is that at which one shoots; +the <i>goal</i>, that toward which one runs. All alike indicate the direction +of <i>endeavor</i>. The <i>end</i> is the point at which one expects or +hopes to close his labors; the <i>object</i>, that which he would grasp as +the reward of his labors. <i>Aspiration</i>, <i>design</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>purpose</i>, +referring to the mental acts by which the <i>aim</i> is attained, are +often used as interchangeable with <i>aim</i>. <i>Aspiration</i> applies to +what are viewed as noble <i>aims</i>; <i>endeavor</i>, <i>design</i>, <i>intention</i>, <i>purpose</i>, +indifferently to the best or worst. <i>Aspiration</i> has less of +decision than the other terms; one may aspire to an <i>object</i>, and +yet lack the fixedness of <i>purpose</i> by which alone it can be attained. +<i>Purpose</i> is stronger than <i>intention</i>. <i>Design</i> especially denotes the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +adaptation of means to an end; <i>endeavor</i> refers to the exertions +by which it is to be attained. One whose <i>aims</i> are worthy, whose +<i>aspirations</i> are high, whose <i>designs</i> are wise, and whose <i>purposes</i> +are steadfast, may hope to reach the <i>goal</i> of his ambition, and will +surely win some <i>object</i> worthy of a life's <i>endeavor</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#AMBITION">AMBITION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DESIGN">DESIGN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aimlessness,</td><td>heedlessness,</td><td>negligence,</td><td>purposelessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avoidance,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>oversight,</td><td>thoughtlessness.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">carelessness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AIR" id="AIR"></a>AIR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appearance,</td><td>demeanor,</td><td>manner,</td><td>sort,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bearing,</td><td>expression,</td><td>mien,</td><td>style,</td></tr> +<tr><td>behavior,</td><td>fashion,</td><td>port,</td><td>way.</td></tr> +<tr><td>carriage,</td><td colspan="3">look,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Air</i> is that combination of qualities which makes the entire +impression we receive in a person's presence; as, we say he has the +<i>air</i> of a scholar, or the <i>air</i> of a villain. <i>Appearance</i> refers more +to the dress and other externals. We might say of a travel-soiled +pedestrian, he has the <i>appearance</i> of a tramp, but the <i>air</i> of a gentleman. +<i>Expression</i> and <i>look</i> especially refer to the face. <i>Expression</i> +is oftenest applied to that which is habitual; as, he has a +pleasant <i>expression</i> of countenance; <i>look</i> may be momentary; as, a +<i>look</i> of dismay passed over his face. We may, however, speak of +the <i>look</i> or <i>looks</i> as indicating all that we look at; as, he had the +<i>look</i> of an adventurer; I did not like his <i>looks</i>. <i>Bearing</i> is rather +a lofty word; as, he has a noble <i>bearing</i>; <i>port</i> is practically identical +in meaning with <i>bearing</i>, but is more exclusively a literary +word. <i>Carriage</i>, too, is generally used in a good sense; as, that lady +has a good <i>carriage</i>. <i>Mien</i> is closely synonymous with <i>air</i>, but less +often used in a bad sense. We say a rakish <i>air</i> rather than a rakish +<i>mien</i>. <i>Mien</i> may be used to express some prevailing feeling; +as, "an indignant <i>mien</i>." <i>Demeanor</i> goes beyond <i>appearance</i>, +including conduct, behavior; as, a modest <i>demeanor</i>. <i>Manner</i> +and <i>style</i> are, in large part at least, acquired. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEHAVIOR">BEHAVIOR</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AIRY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aerial,</td><td>ethereal,</td><td>frolicsome,</td><td>joyous,</td><td>lively,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animated,</td><td>fairylike,</td><td>gay,</td><td>light,</td><td>sprightly.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Aerial</i> and <i>airy</i> both signify of or belonging to the air, but +<i>airy</i> also describes that which seems as if made of air; we speak<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +of <i>airy</i> shapes, <i>airy</i> nothings, where we could not well say <i>aerial</i>; +<i>ethereal</i> describes its object as belonging to the upper air, the pure +ether, and so, often, heavenly. <i>Sprightly</i>, spiritlike, refers to +light, free, cheerful activity of mind and body. That which is +<i>lively</i> or <i>animated</i> may be agreeable or the reverse; as, an <i>animated</i> +discussion; a <i>lively</i> company.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clumsy,</td><td>heavy,</td><td>ponderous,</td><td>sluggish,</td><td>wooden.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>inert,</td><td>slow,</td><td colspan="2">stony,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALARM" id="ALARM"></a>ALARM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affright,</td><td>disquietude,</td><td>fright,</td><td>solicitude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>dread,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>terror,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consternation,</td><td>fear,</td><td>panic,</td><td>timidity.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">dismay,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alarm</i>, according to its derivation <i>all'arme</i>, "to arms," is an +arousing to meet and repel danger, and may be quite consistent +with true courage. <i>Affright</i> and <i>fright</i> express sudden <i>fear</i> +which, for the time at least, overwhelms courage. The sentinel +discovers with <i>alarm</i> the sudden approach of the enemy; the unarmed +villagers view it with <i>affright</i>. <i>Apprehension</i>, <i>disquietude</i>, +<i>dread</i>, <i>misgiving</i>, and <i>solicitude</i> are in anticipation of danger; +<i>consternation</i>, <i>dismay</i>, and <i>terror</i> are overwhelming <i>fear</i>, generally +in the actual presence of that which is terrible, though these +words also may have an anticipative force. <i>Timidity</i> is a quality, +habit, or condition, a readiness to be affected with <i>fear</i>. A person +of great <i>timidity</i> is constantly liable to needless <i>alarm</i> and even +<i>terror</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FEAR">FEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>calmness,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>repose,</td><td>security.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Alarm was felt <i>in</i> the camp, <i>among</i> the soldiers, <i>at</i> the news.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALERT" id="ALERT"></a>ALERT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>active,</td><td>lively,</td><td>prepared,</td><td>vigilant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brisk,</td><td>nimble,</td><td>prompt,</td><td>watchful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hustling,</td><td>on the watch,</td><td>ready,</td><td>wide-awake.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alert</i>, <i>ready</i>, and <i>wide-awake</i> refer to a watchful promptness +for action. <i>Ready</i> suggests thoughtful preparation; the wandering +Indian is <i>alert</i>, the trained soldier is <i>ready</i>. <i>Ready</i> expresses +more life and vigor than <i>prepared</i>. The gun is <i>prepared</i>; the +man is <i>ready</i>. <i>Prompt</i> expresses readiness for appointment or<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +demand at the required moment. The good general is <i>ready</i> for +emergencies, <i>alert</i> to perceive opportunity or peril, <i>prompt</i> to +seize occasion. The sense of <i>brisk</i>, <i>nimble</i> is the secondary and +now less common signification of <i>alert</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACTIVE">ACTIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALIVE">ALIVE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#NIMBLE">NIMBLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#VIGILANT">VIGILANT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>drowsy,</td><td>dull,</td><td>heavy,</td><td>inactive,</td><td>slow,</td><td>sluggish,</td><td>stupid.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALIEN, <span class="nbi">a.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conflicting,</td><td>distant,</td><td>inappropriate,</td><td>strange,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contradictory,</td><td>foreign,</td><td>irrelevant,</td><td>unconnected,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrary,</td><td>hostile,</td><td>opposed,</td><td>unlike.</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrasted,</td><td>impertinent,</td><td colspan="2">remote,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Foreign</i> refers to difference of birth, <i>alien</i> to difference of allegiance. +In their figurative use, that is <i>foreign</i> which is <i>remote</i>, +<i>unlike</i>, or <i>unconnected</i>; that is <i>alien</i> which is <i>conflicting</i>, <i>hostile</i>, +or <i>opposed</i>. <i>Impertinent</i> and <i>irrelevant</i> matters can not claim +consideration in a certain connection; <i>inappropriate</i> matters +could not properly be considered. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALIEN_n">ALIEN</a></span>, <i>n.</i>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONTRAST">CONTRAST</a></span>, +<i>v.</i></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>akin,</td><td>apropos,</td><td>germane,</td><td>proper,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appropriate,</td><td>essential,</td><td>pertinent,</td><td>relevant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Such a purpose was alien <i>to</i> (or <i>from</i>) my thought: <i>to</i> preferable.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALIEN_n" id="ALIEN_n"></a>ALIEN, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>foreigner,</td><td>stranger.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A naturalized citizen is not an <i>alien</i>, though a <i>foreigner</i> by +birth, and perhaps a <i>stranger</i> in the place where he resides. A +person of foreign birth not naturalized is an <i>alien</i>, though he may +have been resident in the country a large part of a lifetime, and +ceased to be a <i>stranger</i> to its people or institutions. He is an <i>alien</i> +in one country if his allegiance is to another. The people of any +country still residing in their own land are, strictly speaking, <i>foreigners</i> +to the people of all other countries, rather than <i>aliens</i>; but +<i>alien</i> and <i>foreigner</i> are often used synonymously.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>citizen,</td><td>fellow-countryman,</td><td>native-born inhabitant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>countryman,</td><td>native,</td><td>naturalized person.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Aliens <i>to</i> (more rarely <i>from</i>) our nation and laws; aliens <i>in</i> +our land, <i>among</i> our people.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ALIKE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>akin,</td><td>equivalent,</td><td>kindred,</td><td>same,</td></tr> +<tr><td>analogous,</td><td>homogeneous,</td><td>like,</td><td>similar,</td></tr> +<tr><td>equal,</td><td>identical,</td><td>resembling,</td><td>uniform.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alike</i> is a comprehensive word, signifying as applied to two or +more objects that some or all qualities of one are the same as those +of the other or others; by modifiers <i>alike</i> may be made to express +more or less resemblance; as, these houses are somewhat (<i>i. e.</i>, +partially) <i>alike</i>; or, these houses are exactly (<i>i. e.</i>, in all respects) +<i>alike</i>. Cotton and wool are <i>alike</i> in this, that they can both be +woven into cloth. Substances are <i>homogeneous</i> which are made +up of elements of the <i>same</i> kind, or which are the <i>same</i> in structure. +Two pieces of iron may be <i>homogeneous</i> in material, while +not <i>alike</i> in size or shape. In geometry, two triangles are <i>equal</i> +when they can be laid over one another, and fit, line for line and +angle for angle; they are <i>equivalent</i> when they simply contain the +same amount of space. An <i>identical</i> proposition is one that says +the same thing precisely in subject and predicate. <i>Similar</i> refers +to close resemblance, which yet leaves room for question or denial +of complete likeness or identity. To say "this is the <i>identical</i> +man," is to say not merely that he is <i>similar</i> to the one I have in +mind, but that he is the very <i>same</i> person. Things are <i>analogous</i> +when they are <i>similar</i> in idea, plan, use, or character, tho +perhaps quite unlike in appearance; as, the gills of fishes are said +to be <i>analogous</i> to the lungs in terrestrial animals.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>different,</td><td>dissimilar,</td><td>distinct,</td><td>heterogeneous,</td><td>unlike.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The specimens are alike <i>in</i> kind; they are all alike <i>to</i> me.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALIVE" id="ALIVE"></a>ALIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>active,</td><td>breathing,</td><td>live,</td><td>quick,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alert,</td><td>brisk,</td><td>lively,</td><td>subsisting,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animate,</td><td>existent,</td><td>living,</td><td>vivacious.</td></tr> +<tr><td>animated,</td><td colspan="3">existing,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alive</i> applies to all degrees of life, from that which shows one +to be barely <i>existing</i> or <i>existent</i> as a living thing, as when we say +he is just <i>alive</i>, to that which implies the very utmost of vitality +and power, as in the words "he is all <i>alive</i>," "thoroughly <i>alive</i>." +So the word <i>quick</i>, which began by signifying "having life," is +now mostly applied to energy of life as shown in swiftness of +action. <i>Breathing</i> is capable of like contrast. We say of a dying<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +man, he is still <i>breathing</i>; or we speak of a <i>breathing</i> statue, or +"<i>breathing</i> and sounding, beauteous battle," <span class="smc">Tennyson</span> <i>Princess</i> +can. v, l. 155, where it means having, or seeming to have, full and +vigorous breath, abundant life. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACTIVE">ACTIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALERT">ALERT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#NIMBLE">NIMBLE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dead,</td><td>defunct,</td><td>dull,</td><td>lifeless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deceased,</td><td>dispirited,</td><td>inanimate,</td><td>spiritless.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Alive <i>in</i> every nerve; alive <i>to</i> every noble impulse; alive <i>with</i> +fervor, hope, resolve; alive <i>through</i> all his being.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLAY" id="ALLAY"></a>ALLAY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alleviate,</td><td>compose,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>still,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appease,</td><td>mollify,</td><td>soothe,</td><td>tranquilize.</td></tr> +<tr><td>calm,</td><td colspan="3">pacify,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Allay</i> and <i>alleviate</i> are closely kindred in signification, and +have been often interchanged in usage. But, in strictness, to +<i>allay</i> is to lay to rest, <i>quiet</i> or <i>soothe</i> that which is excited; to <i>alleviate</i>, +on the other hand, is to lighten a burden. We <i>allay</i> suffering +by using means to <i>soothe</i> and <i>tranquilize</i> the sufferer; we +<i>alleviate</i> suffering by doing something toward removal of the +cause, so that there is less to suffer; where the trouble is wholly +or chiefly in the excitement, to <i>allay</i> the excitement is virtually +to remove the trouble; as, to <i>allay</i> rage or panic; we <i>alleviate</i> +poverty, but do not <i>allay</i> it. <i>Pacify</i>, directly from the Latin, and +<i>appease</i>, from the Latin through the French, signify to bring to +peace; to <i>mollify</i> is to soften; to <i>calm</i>, <i>quiet</i>, or <i>tranquilize</i> is to +make still; <i>compose</i>, to place together, unite, adjust to a calm and +settled condition; to <i>soothe</i> (originally to assent to, humor) is to +bring to pleased quietude. We <i>allay</i> excitement, <i>appease</i> a tumult, +<i>calm</i> agitation, <i>compose</i> our feelings or countenance, <i>pacify</i> +the quarrelsome, <i>quiet</i> the boisterous or clamorous, <i>soothe</i> grief or +distress. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitate,</td><td>excite,</td><td>kindle,</td><td>rouse,</td><td>stir up.</td></tr> +<tr><td>arouse,</td><td>fan,</td><td>provoke,</td><td colspan="2">stir,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALLEGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adduce,</td><td>asseverate,</td><td>claim,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>produce,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>assign,</td><td>declare,</td><td>offer,</td><td>say,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affirm,</td><td>aver,</td><td>introduce,</td><td>plead,</td><td>state.</td></tr> +<tr><td>assert,</td><td colspan="4">cite,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>allege</i> is formally to state as true or capable of proof, but +without proving. To <i>adduce</i>, literally to lead to, is to bring the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +evidence up to what has been <i>alleged</i>. <i>Adduce</i> is a secondary +word; nothing can be <i>adduced</i> in evidence till something has been +<i>stated</i> or <i>alleged</i>, which the evidence is to sustain. An <i>alleged</i> +fact stands open to question or doubt. To speak of an <i>alleged</i> document, +an <i>alleged</i> will, an <i>alleged</i> crime, is either to question, or +at least very carefully to refrain from admitting, that the document +exists, that the will is genuine, or that the crime has been +committed. <i>Alleged</i> is, however, respectful; to speak of the "so-called" +will or deed, etc., would be to cast discredit upon the document, +and imply that the speaker was ready to brand it as unquestionably +spurious; <i>alleged</i> simply concedes nothing and leaves +the question open. To <i>produce</i> is to bring forward, as, for instance, +papers or persons. <i>Adduce</i> is not used of persons; of them +we say <i>introduce</i> or <i>produce</i>. When an <i>alleged</i> criminal is +brought to trial, the counsel on either side are accustomed to <i>advance</i> +a theory, and <i>adduce</i> the strongest possible evidence in its +support; they will <i>produce</i> documents and witnesses, <i>cite</i> precedents, +<i>assign</i> reasons, <i>introduce</i> suggestions, <i>offer</i> pleas. The accused +will usually <i>assert</i> his innocence. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#STATE">STATE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALLEGIANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>devotion,</td><td>fealty,</td><td rowspan="2">loyalty,</td><td rowspan="2">obedience,</td><td rowspan="2">subjection.</td></tr> +<tr><td>faithfulness,</td><td>homage,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Allegiance</i> is the obligation of fidelity and obedience that an +individual owes to his government or sovereign, in return for the +protection he receives. The feudal uses of these words have mostly +passed away with the state of society that gave them birth; but +their origin still colors their present meaning. A patriotic American +feels an enthusiastic <i>loyalty</i> to the republic; he takes, on occasion, +an oath of <i>allegiance</i> to the government, but his <i>loyalty</i> will +lead him to do more than mere <i>allegiance</i> could demand; he pays +<i>homage</i> to God alone, as the only king and lord, or to those principles +of right that are spiritually supreme; he acknowledges the +duty of <i>obedience</i> to all rightful authority; he resents the idea of +<i>subjection</i>. <i>Fealty</i> is becoming somewhat rare, except in elevated +or poetic style. We prefer to speak of the <i>faithfulness</i> rather +than the <i>fealty</i> of citizen, wife, or friend.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disaffection,</td><td>disloyalty,</td><td>rebellion,</td><td>sedition,</td><td>treason.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We honor the allegiance <i>of</i> the citizen <i>to</i> the government; +the government has a right to allegiance <i>from</i> the citizen.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ALLEGORY" id="ALLEGORY"></a>ALLEGORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fable,</td><td>fiction,</td><td>illustration,</td><td>metaphor,</td><td>parable,</td><td>simile.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In modern usage we may say that an <i>allegory</i> is an extended +<i>simile</i>, while a <i>metaphor</i> is an abbreviated <i>simile</i> contained often +in a phrase, perhaps in a word. The <i>simile</i> carries its comparison +on the surface, in the words <i>as</i>, <i>like</i>, or similar expressions; +the <i>metaphor</i> is given directly without any note of comparison. +The <i>allegory</i>, <i>parable</i>, or <i>fable</i> tells its story as if true, leaving +the reader or hearer to discover its fictitious character and +learn its lesson. All these are, in strict definition, <i>fictions</i>; but the +word <i>fiction</i> is now applied almost exclusively to novels or romances. +An <i>allegory</i> is a moral or religious tale, of which the +moral lesson is the substance, and all descriptions and incidents +but accessories, as in "The Pilgrim's Progress." A <i>fable</i> is generally +briefer, representing animals as the speakers and actors, and +commonly conveying some lesson of practical wisdom or shrewdness, +as "The <i>Fables</i> of Æsop." A <i>parable</i> is exclusively moral +or religious, briefer and less adorned than an <i>allegory</i>, with its lesson +more immediately discernible, given, as it were, at a stroke. +Any comparison, analogy, instance, example, tale, anecdote, or +the like which serves to let in light upon a subject may be called +an <i>illustration</i>, this word in its widest use including all the rest. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FICTION">FICTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#STORY">STORY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chronicle,</td><td>fact,</td><td>history,</td><td>narrative,</td><td>record.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLEVIATE" id="ALLEVIATE"></a>ALLEVIATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abate,</td><td>lighten,</td><td>reduce,</td><td>remove,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assuage,</td><td>mitigate,</td><td>relieve,</td><td>soften.</td></tr> +<tr><td>lessen,</td><td colspan="3">moderate,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Etymologically, to <i>alleviate</i> is to lift a burden toward oneself, +and so <i>lighten</i> it for the bearer; to <i>relieve</i> is to lift it back +from the bearer, nearly or quite away; to <i>remove</i> is to take it +away altogether. <i>Alleviate</i> is thus less than <i>relieve</i>; <i>relieve</i>, ordinarily, +less than <i>remove</i>. We <i>alleviate</i>, <i>relieve</i> or <i>remove</i> the +trouble; we <i>relieve</i>, not <i>alleviate</i>, the sufferer. <i>Assuage</i> is, by +derivation, to sweeten; <i>mitigate</i>, to make mild; <i>moderate</i>, to +bring within measure; <i>abate</i>, to beat down, and so make less. +We <i>abate</i> a fever; <i>lessen</i> anxiety; <i>moderate</i> passions or desires; +<i>lighten</i> burdens; <i>mitigate</i> or <i>alleviate</i> pain; <i>reduce</i> inflammation;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +<i>soften</i>, <i>assuage</i>, or <i>moderate</i> grief; we <i>lighten</i> or <i>mitigate</i> punishments; +we <i>relieve</i> any suffering of body or mind that admits of +help, comfort, or remedy. <i>Alleviate</i> has been often confused with +<i>allay</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLAY">ALLAY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggravate,</td><td>embitter,</td><td>heighten,</td><td>intensify,</td><td rowspan="2">make worse.</td></tr> +<tr><td>augment,</td><td>enhance,</td><td>increase,</td><td>magnify,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLIANCE" id="ALLIANCE"></a>ALLIANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>coalition,</td><td>confederation,</td><td>fusion,</td><td>partnership,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compact,</td><td rowspan="2">federation,</td><td rowspan="2">league,</td><td rowspan="2">union.</td></tr> +<tr><td>confederacy,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alliance</i> is in its most common use a connection formed by +treaty between sovereign states as for mutual aid in war. <i>Partnership</i> +is a mercantile word; <i>alliance</i> chiefly political or matrimonial. +<i>Coalition</i> is oftenest used of political parties; <i>fusion</i> +is now the more common word in this sense. In an <i>alliance</i> +between nations there is no surrender of sovereignty, and no +<i>union</i> except for a specified time and purpose. <i>League</i> and <i>alliance</i> +are used with scarcely perceptible difference of meaning. In +a <i>confederacy</i> or <i>confederation</i> there is an attempt to unite separate +states in a general government without surrender of sovereignty. +<i>Union</i> implies so much concession as to make the separate +states substantially one. <i>Federation</i> is mainly a poetic and rhetorical +word expressing something of the same thought, as in Tennyson's +"<i>federation</i> of the world," <i>Locksley Hall</i>, l. 128. The United +States is not a <i>confederacy</i> nor an <i>alliance</i>; the nation might be +called a <i>federation</i>, but prefers to be styled a federal <i>union</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antagonism,</td><td>disunion,</td><td>enmity,</td><td>schism,</td><td>separation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discord,</td><td>divorce,</td><td>hostility,</td><td>secession,</td><td>war.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Alliance <i>with</i> a neighboring people; <i>against</i> the common +enemy; <i>for</i> offense and defense; alliance <i>of</i>, <i>between</i>, or <i>among</i> +nations.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLOT" id="ALLOT"></a>ALLOT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appoint,</td><td>destine,</td><td>give,</td><td>portion out,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apportion,</td><td>distribute,</td><td>grant,</td><td>select,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assign,</td><td>divide,</td><td>mete out,</td><td>set apart.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">award,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Allot</i>, originally to assign by lot, applies to the giving of a definite +thing to a certain person. A portion or extent of time is <i>allotted</i>;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +as, I expect to live out my <i>allotted</i> time. A definite period +is <i>appointed</i>; as, the audience assembled at the <i>appointed</i> hour. +<i>Allot</i> may also refer to space; as, to <i>allot</i> a plot of ground for a +cemetery; but we now oftener use <i>select</i>, <i>set apart</i>, or <i>assign</i>. <i>Allot</i> +is not now used of persons. <i>Appoint</i> may be used of time, space, +or person; as, the <i>appointed</i> day; the <i>appointed</i> place; an officer +was <i>appointed</i> to this station. <i>Destine</i> may also refer to time, +place, or person, but it always has reference to what is considerably +in the future; a man <i>appoints</i> to meet his friend in five minutes; +he <i>destines</i> his son to follow his own profession. <i>Assign</i> is +rarely used of time, but rather of places, persons, or things. We +<i>assign</i> a work to be done and <i>assign</i> a man to do it, who, if he +fails, must <i>assign</i> a reason for not doing it. That which is <i>allotted</i>, +<i>appointed</i>, or <i>assigned</i> is more or less arbitrary; that which is +<i>awarded</i> is the due requital of something the receiver has done, +and he has right and claim to it; as, the medal was <i>awarded</i> for +valor. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPORTION">APPORTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appropriate,</td><td>deny,</td><td>resume,</td><td>seize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confiscate,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>retain,</td><td>withhold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Allot <i>to</i> a company <i>for</i> a purpose.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLOW" id="ALLOW"></a>ALLOW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admit,</td><td>consent to,</td><td>let,</td><td>sanction,</td><td>tolerate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>concede,</td><td>grant,</td><td>permit,</td><td>suffer,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We <i>allow</i> that which we do not attempt to hinder; we <i>permit</i> +that to which we give some express authorization. When this is +given verbally it is called permission; when in writing it is commonly +called a permit. There are establishments that any one +will be <i>allowed</i> to visit without challenge or hindrance; there are +others that no one is <i>allowed</i> to visit without a permit from the +manager; there are others to which visitors are <i>admitted</i> at specified +times, without a formal permit. We <i>allow</i> a child's innocent +intrusion; we <i>concede</i> a right; <i>grant</i> a request; <i>consent</i> to a sale of +property; <i>permit</i> an inspection of accounts; <i>sanction</i> a marriage; +<i>tolerate</i> the rudeness of a well-meaning servant; <i>submit</i> to a surgical +operation; <i>yield</i> to a demand or necessity against our wish or +will, or <i>yield</i> something under compulsion; as, the sheriff <i>yielded</i> +the keys at the muzzle of a revolver, and <i>allowed</i> the mob to enter. +<i>Suffer</i>, in the sense of mild concession, is now becoming rare, its<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +place being taken by <i>allow</i>, <i>permit</i>, or <i>tolerate</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERMISSION">PERMISSION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deny,</td><td>disapprove,</td><td>protest,</td><td>reject,</td><td rowspan="2">withstand.</td></tr> +<tr><td>disallow,</td><td>forbid,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>resist,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>See also synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#PROHIBIT">PROHIBIT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To allow <i>of</i> (in best recent usage, simply to <i>allow</i>) such an action; +allow one <i>in</i> such a course; allow <i>for</i> spending-money.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALLOY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admixture,</td><td>adulteration,</td><td>debasement,</td><td>deterioration.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Alloy</i> may be either some admixture of baser with precious +metal, as for giving hardness to coin or the like, or it may be a +compound or mixture of two or more metals. <i>Adulteration</i>, +<i>debasement</i>, and <i>deterioration</i> are always used in the bad sense; +<i>admixture</i> is neutral, and may be good or bad; <i>alloy</i> is commonly +good in the literal sense. An excess of <i>alloy</i> virtually +amounts to <i>adulteration</i>; but <i>adulteration</i> is now mostly restricted +to articles used for food, drink, medicine, and kindred uses. In +the figurative sense, as applied to character, etc., <i>alloy</i> is unfavorable, +because there the only standard is perfection.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALLUDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advert,</td><td>indicate,</td><td>intimate,</td><td>point,</td><td>signify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hint,</td><td>insinuate,</td><td>mention,</td><td>refer,</td><td>suggest.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">imply,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Advert</i>, <i>mention</i>, and <i>refer</i> are used of language that more or +less distinctly utters a certain thought; the others of language +from which it may be inferred. We <i>allude</i> to a matter slightly, +perhaps by a word or phrase, as it were in byplay; we <i>advert</i> to +it when we turn from our path to treat it; we <i>refer</i> to it by any +clear utterance that distinctly turns the mind or attention to it; +as, marginal figures <i>refer</i> to a parallel passage; we <i>mention</i> a +thing by explicit word, as by naming it. The speaker <i>adverted</i> to +the recent disturbances and the remissness of certain public officers; +tho he <i>mentioned</i> no name, it was easy to see to whom +he <i>alluded</i>. One may <i>hint</i> at a thing in a friendly way, but what +is <i>insinuated</i> is always unfavorable, generally both hostile and +cowardly. One may <i>indicate</i> his wishes, <i>intimate</i> his plans, <i>imply</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +his opinion, <i>signify</i> his will, <i>suggest</i> a course of action. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#SUGGESTION">SUGGESTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The passage evidently alludes <i>to</i> the Jewish Passover.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ALLURE" id="ALLURE"></a>ALLURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attract,</td><td>captivate,</td><td>decoy,</td><td>entice,</td><td>lure,</td><td>tempt,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cajole,</td><td>coax,</td><td>draw,</td><td>inveigle,</td><td>seduce,</td><td>win.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>allure</i> is to <i>draw</i> as with a lure by some charm or some +prospect of pleasure or advantage. We may <i>attract</i> others to a +certain thing without intent; as, the good unconsciously <i>attract</i> +others to virtue. We may <i>allure</i> either to that which is evil or +to that which is good and noble, by purpose and endeavor, as in +the familiar line, "<i>Allured</i> to brighter worlds, and led the way," +<span class="smc">Goldsmith</span> <i>Deserted Village</i>, l. 170. <i>Lure</i> is rather more akin to +the physical nature. It is the word we would use of drawing on +an animal. <i>Coax</i> expresses the attraction of the person, not of +the thing. A man may be <i>coaxed</i> to that which is by no means +<i>alluring</i>. <i>Cajole</i> and <i>decoy</i> carry the idea of deceiving and ensnaring. +To <i>inveigle</i> is to lead one blindly in. To <i>tempt</i> is to endeavor +to lead one wrong; to <i>seduce</i> is to succeed in <i>winning</i> one from +good to ill. <i>Win</i> may be used in either a bad or a good sense, in +which latter it surpasses the highest sense of <i>allure</i>, because it +succeeds in that which <i>allure</i> attempts; as, "He that <i>winneth</i> +souls is wise," <i>Prov.</i> xi, 30.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chill,</td><td>damp,</td><td>deter,</td><td>dissuade,</td><td>drive away,</td><td>repel,</td><td>warn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Allure <i>to</i> a course; allure <i>by</i> hopes; allure <i>from</i> evil <i>to</i> good.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALSO.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>as well,</td><td>in addition,</td><td>likewise,</td><td>too,</td></tr> +<tr><td>as well as,</td><td>in like manner,</td><td>similarly,</td><td>withal.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">besides,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>While some distinctions between these words and phrases will +appear to the careful student, yet in practise the choice between +them is largely to secure euphony and avoid repetition. The +words fall into two groups; <i>as well as</i>, <i>besides</i>, <i>in addition</i>, <i>too</i>, +<i>withal</i>, simply add a fact or thought; <i>also</i> (all so), <i>in like manner</i>, +<i>likewise</i>, <i>similarly</i>, affirm that what is added is like that to which +it is added. <i>As well</i> follows the word or phrase to which it is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +joined. We can say the singers <i>as well as</i> the players, or the +players, and the singers <i>as well</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>but,</td><td>nevertheless,</td><td>on the contrary,</td><td rowspan="2">yet.</td></tr> +<tr><td>in spite of,</td><td>notwithstanding,</td><td>on the other hand,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ALTERNATIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>choice,</td><td>election,</td><td>option,</td><td>pick,</td><td>preference,</td><td>resource.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>choice</i> may be among many things; an <i>alternative</i> is in the +strictest sense a <i>choice</i> between two things; oftener it is one of two +things between which a <i>choice</i> is to be made, and either of which +is the <i>alternative</i> of the other; as, the <i>alternative</i> of surrender is +death; or the two things between which there is a <i>choice</i> may be +called the <i>alternatives</i>; both Mill and Gladstone are quoted as extending +the meaning of <i>alternative</i> to include several particulars, +Gladstone even speaking of "the fourth and last of these <i>alternatives</i>." +<i>Option</i> is the right or privilege of choosing; <i>choice</i> may +be either the right to choose, the act of choosing, or the thing +chosen. A person of ability and readiness will commonly have +many <i>resources</i>. <i>Pick</i>, from the Saxon, and <i>election</i>, from the +Latin, picture the objects before one, with freedom and power to +choose which he will; as, there were twelve horses, among which +I could take my <i>pick</i>. A <i>choice</i>, <i>pick</i>, <i>election</i>, or <i>preference</i> is +that which suits one best; an <i>alternative</i> is that to which one is +restricted; a <i>resource</i>, that to which one is glad to betake oneself.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compulsion,</td><td>necessity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AMASS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accumulate,</td><td>collect,</td><td>heap up,</td><td>hoard up,</td><td>store up.</td></tr> +<tr><td>aggregate,</td><td>gather,</td><td>hoard,</td><td colspan="2">pile up,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>amass</i> is to bring together materials that make a mass, a +great bulk or quantity. With some occasional exceptions, <i>accumulate</i> +is applied to the more gradual, <i>amass</i> to the more rapid +gathering of money or materials, <i>amass</i> referring to the general +result or bulk, <i>accumulate</i> to the particular process or rate of gain. +We say interest is <i>accumulated</i> (or <i>accumulates</i>) rather than is +<i>amassed</i>; he <i>accumulated</i> a fortune in the course of years; he +rapidly <i>amassed</i> a fortune by shrewd speculations. Goods or +money for immediate distribution are said to be <i>collected</i> rather<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +than <i>amassed</i>. They may be <i>stored up</i> for a longer or shorter +time; but to <i>hoard</i> is always with a view of permanent retention, +generally selfish. <i>Aggregate</i> is now most commonly used of +numbers and amounts; as, the expenses will <i>aggregate</i> a round +million.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disperse,</td><td>divide,</td><td>portion,</td><td>spend,</td><td rowspan="2">waste.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dissipate,</td><td>parcel,</td><td>scatter,</td><td>squander,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Amass <i>for</i> oneself; <i>for</i> a purpose; <i>from</i> a distance; <i>with</i> great +labor; <i>by</i> industry.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AMATEUR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>connoisseur,</td><td>critic,</td><td>dilettante,</td><td>novice,</td><td>tyro.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Etymologically, the <i>amateur</i> is one who loves, the <i>connoisseur</i> +one who knows. In usage, the term <i>amateur</i> is applied to one +who pursues any study or art simply from the love of it; the word +carries a natural implication of superficialness, tho marked +excellence is at times attained by <i>amateurs</i>. A <i>connoisseur</i> is +supposed to be so thoroughly informed regarding any art or work +as to be able to criticize or select intelligently and authoritatively; +there are many incompetent <i>critics</i>, but there can not, in the true +sense, be an incompetent <i>connoisseur</i>. The <i>amateur</i> practises to +some extent that in regard to which he may not be well informed; +the <i>connoisseur</i> is well informed in regard to that which he may +not practise at all. A <i>novice</i> or <i>tyro</i> may be a <i>professional</i>; an +<i>amateur</i> never is; the <i>amateur</i> may be skilled and experienced as +the <i>novice</i> or <i>tyro</i> never is. <i>Dilettante</i>, which had originally the +sense of <i>amateur</i>, has to some extent come to denote one who is +superficial, pretentious, and affected, whether in theory or practise.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>An amateur <i>in</i> art.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AMAZEMENT" id="AMAZEMENT"></a>AMAZEMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admiration,</td><td>awe,</td><td>confusion,</td><td>surprise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>astonishment,</td><td>bewilderment,</td><td>perplexity,</td><td>wonder.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Amazement</i> and <i>astonishment</i> both express the momentary +overwhelming of the mind by that which is beyond expectation. +<i>Astonishment</i> especially affects the emotions, <i>amazement</i> the intellect. +<i>Awe</i> is the yielding of the mind to something supremely<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +grand in character or formidable in power, and ranges from apprehension +or dread to reverent worship. <i>Admiration</i> includes +delight and regard. <i>Surprise</i> lies midway between <i>astonishment</i> +and <i>amazement</i>, and usually respects matters of lighter consequence +or such as are less startling in character. <i>Amazement</i> +may be either pleasing or painful, as when induced by the grandeur +of the mountains, or by the fury of the storm. We can say +pleased <i>surprise</i>, but scarcely pleased <i>astonishment</i>. <i>Amazement</i> +has in it something of <i>confusion</i> or <i>bewilderment</i>; but <i>confusion</i> +and <i>bewilderment</i> may occur without <i>amazement</i>, as when a multitude +of details require instant attention. <i>Astonishment</i> may be +without <i>bewilderment</i> or <i>confusion</i>. <i>Wonder</i> is often pleasing, +and may be continuous in view of that which surpasses our comprehension; +as, the magnitude, order, and beauty of the heavens +fill us with increasing <i>wonder</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERPLEXITY">PERPLEXITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anticipation,</td><td>composure,</td><td>expectation,</td><td>preparation,</td><td>steadiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calmness,</td><td>coolness,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>self-possession,</td><td>stoicism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>I was filled with amazement <i>at</i> such reckless daring.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AMBITION" id="AMBITION"></a>AMBITION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aspiration,</td><td>competition,</td><td>emulation,</td><td>opposition,</td><td>rivalry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Aspiration</i> is the desire for excellence, pure and simple. <i>Ambition</i>, +literally a going around to solicit votes, has primary reference +to the award or approval of others, and is the eager desire of +power, fame, or something deemed great and eminent, and viewed +as a worthy prize. The prizes of <i>aspiration</i> are virtue, nobility, +skill, or other high qualities. The prizes of <i>ambition</i> are advancement, +fame, honor, and the like. There is a noble and wise or an +ignoble, selfish, and harmful <i>ambition</i>. <i>Emulation</i> is not so +much to win any excellence or success for itself as to equal or +surpass other persons. There is such a thing as a noble <i>emulation</i>, +when those we would equal or surpass are noble, and the means +we would use worthy. But, at the highest, <i>emulation</i> is inferior +as a motive to <i>aspiration</i>, which seeks the high quality or character +for its own sake, not with reference to another. <i>Competition</i> +is the striving for something that is sought by another at the +same time. <i>Emulation</i> regards the abstract, <i>competition</i> the concrete; +<i>rivalry</i> is the same in essential meaning with <i>competition</i>, +but differs in the nature of the objects contested for, which, in<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +the case of <i>rivalry</i>, are usually of the nobler sort and less subject +to direct gaging, measurement, and rule. We speak of <i>competition</i> +in business, <i>emulation</i> in scholarship, <i>rivalry</i> in love, politics, +etc.; <i>emulation</i> of excellence, success, achievement; <i>competition</i> +for a prize; <i>rivalry</i> between persons or nations. <i>Competition</i> +may be friendly, <i>rivalry</i> is commonly hostile. <i>Opposition</i> is becoming +a frequent substitute for <i>competition</i> in business language; +it implies that the competitor is an opponent and hinderer.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carelessness,</td><td>contentment,</td><td>humility,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>satisfaction.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AMEND" id="AMEND"></a>AMEND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>correct,</td><td>meliorate,</td><td>rectify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ameliorate,</td><td>emend,</td><td>mend,</td><td>reform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>better,</td><td>improve,</td><td>mitigate,</td><td>repair.</td></tr> +<tr><td>cleanse,</td><td>make better,</td><td colspan="2">purify,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>amend</i> is to change for the better by removing faults, errors, +or defects, and always refers to that which at some point falls +short of a standard of excellence. <i>Advance</i>, <i>better</i>, and <i>improve</i> +may refer either to what is quite imperfect or to what has reached +a high degree of excellence; we <i>advance</i> the kingdom of God, <i>improve</i> +the minds of our children, <i>better</i> the morals of the people. +But for matters below the point of ordinary approval we seldom +use these words; we do not speak of <i>bettering</i> a wretched alley, +or <i>improving</i> a foul sewer. There we use <i>cleanse</i>, <i>purify</i>, or similar +words. We <i>correct</i> evils, <i>reform</i> abuses, <i>rectify</i> incidental +conditions of evil or error; we <i>ameliorate</i> poverty and misery, +which we can not wholly remove. We <i>mend</i> a tool, <i>repair</i> a building, +<i>correct</i> proof; we <i>amend</i> character or conduct that is faulty, +or a statement or law that is defective. A text, writing, or statement +is <i>amended</i> by the author or by some adequate authority; it +is often <i>emended</i> by conjecture. A motion is <i>amended</i> by the +mover or by the assembly; a constitution is <i>amended</i> by the people; +an ancient text is <i>emended</i> by a critic who believes that what +seems to him the better reading is what the author wrote. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggravate,</td><td>debase,</td><td>harm,</td><td>mar,</td><td>tarnish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blemish,</td><td>depress,</td><td>impair,</td><td>spoil,</td><td>vitiate.</td></tr> +<tr><td>corrupt,</td><td>deteriorate,</td><td colspan="3">injure,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="AMIABLE" id="AMIABLE"></a>AMIABLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreeable,</td><td>engaging,</td><td>lovable,</td><td>pleasing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attractive,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>lovely,</td><td>sweet,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benignant,</td><td>good-natured,</td><td>loving,</td><td>winning,</td></tr> +<tr><td>harming,</td><td>kind,</td><td>pleasant,</td><td>winsome.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Amiable</i> combines the senses of <i>lovable</i> or <i>lovely</i> and <i>loving</i>; the +<i>amiable</i> character has ready affection and kindliness for others, +with the qualities that are adapted to win their love; <i>amiable</i> is a +higher and stronger word than <i>good-natured</i> or <i>agreeable</i>. <i>Lovely</i> +is often applied to externals; as, a <i>lovely</i> face. <i>Amiable</i> denotes a +disposition desirous to cheer, please, and make happy. A selfish +man of the world may have the art to be <i>agreeable</i>; a handsome, +brilliant, and witty person may be <i>charming</i> or even <i>attractive</i>, +while by no means <i>amiable</i>. The <i>engaging</i>, <i>winning</i>, and <i>winsome</i> +add to amiability something of beauty, accomplishments, +and grace. The <i>benignant</i> are calmly kind, as from a height +and a distance. <i>Kind</i>, <i>good-natured</i> people may be coarse and +rude, and so fail to be <i>agreeable</i> or <i>pleasing</i>; the really <i>amiable</i> +are likely to avoid such faults by their earnest desire to please. +The <i>good-natured</i> have an easy disposition to get along comfortably +with every one in all circumstances. A <i>sweet</i> disposition is +very sure to be <i>amiable</i>, the <i>loving</i> heart bringing out all that is +<i>lovable</i> and <i>lovely</i> in character.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acrimonious,</td><td>crusty,</td><td>hateful,</td><td>ill-tempered,</td><td>surly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>churlish,</td><td>disagreeable,</td><td>ill-conditioned,</td><td>morose,</td><td>unamiable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crabbed,</td><td>dogged,</td><td>ill-humored,</td><td>sour,</td><td>unlovely,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cruel,</td><td>gruff,</td><td>ill-natured,</td><td colspan="2">sullen,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AMID" id="AMID"></a>AMID.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amidst,</td><td>amongst,</td><td>betwixt,</td><td>mingled with,</td></tr> +<tr><td>among,</td><td>between,</td><td>in the midst of,</td><td>surrounded by.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Amid</i> or <i>amidst</i> denotes <i>surrounded by</i>; <i>among</i> or <i>amongst</i> +denotes <i>mingled with</i>. <i>Between</i> (archaic or poetic, <i>betwixt</i>) is said +of two persons or objects, or of two groups of persons or objects. +"Let there be no strife, I pray thee, <i>between</i> me and thee, and +<i>between</i> my herdmen and thy herdmen," <i>Gen.</i> xiii, 9; the reference +being to two bodies of herdmen. <i>Amid</i> denotes mere +position; <i>among</i>, some active relation, as of companionship, hostility, +etc. Lowell's "<i>Among</i> my Books" regards the books as +companions; <i>amid</i> my books would suggest packing, storing, or +some other incidental circumstance. We say <i>among</i> friends, or +<i>among</i> enemies, <i>amidst</i> the woods, <i>amid</i> the shadows. <i>In the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +midst of</i> may have merely the local meaning; as, I found myself +<i>in the midst of</i> a crowd; or it may express even closer association +than <i>among</i>; as, "I found myself <i>in the midst of</i> friends" suggests +their pressing up on every side, oneself the central object; so, +"where two or three are met together in my name, there am I <i>in +the midst of</i> them," <i>Matt.</i> xviii, 20; in which case it would be +feebler to say "<i>among</i> them," impossible to say "<i>amid</i> them," +not so well to say "<i>amidst</i> them."</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>afar from,</td><td>away from,</td><td>beyond,</td><td>far from,</td><td>outside,</td><td>without.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AMPLIFY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>augment,</td><td>dilate,</td><td>expand,</td><td>extend,</td><td>unfold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>develop,</td><td>enlarge,</td><td>expatiate,</td><td>increase,</td><td>widen.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Amplify</i> is now rarely used in the sense of <i>increase</i>, to add +material substance, bulk, volume, or the like; it is now almost +wholly applied to discourse or writing, signifying to make fuller +in statement, whether with or without adding matter of importance, +as by stating fully what was before only implied, or by adding +illustrations to make the meaning more readily apprehended, +etc. The chief difficulty of very young writers is to <i>amplify</i>, to +get beyond the bare curt statement by <i>developing</i>, <i>expanding</i>, <i>unfolding</i> +the thought. The chief difficulty of those who have more +material and experience is to condense sufficiently. So, in the +early days of our literature <i>amplify</i> was used in the favorable +sense; but at present this word and most kindred words are coming +to share the derogatory meaning that has long attached to +<i>expatiate</i>. We may <i>develop</i> a thought, <i>expand</i> an illustration, +<i>extend</i> a discussion, <i>expatiate</i> on a hobby, <i>dilate</i> on something +joyous or sad, <i>enlarge</i> a volume, <i>unfold</i> a scheme, <i>widen</i> the range +of treatment.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abbreviate,</td><td>amputate,</td><td>condense,</td><td>cut down,</td><td>reduce,</td><td>summarize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abridge,</td><td>"boil down,"</td><td>curtail,</td><td>epitomize,</td><td>retrench,</td><td>sum up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To amplify <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> the subject is needless. Amplify this +matter <i>by</i> illustrations.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANALOGY" id="ANALOGY"></a>ANALOGY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affinity,</td><td>likeness,</td><td>relation,</td><td>similarity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coincidence,</td><td>parity,</td><td>resemblance,</td><td>simile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comparison,</td><td>proportion,</td><td>semblance,</td><td>similitude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Analogy</i> is specifically a <i>resemblance</i> of relations; a <i>resemblance</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +that may be reasoned from, so that from the <i>likeness</i> in +certain respects we may infer that other and perhaps deeper relations +exist. <i>Affinity</i> is a mutual attraction with or without seeming +likeness; as, the <i>affinity</i> of iron for oxygen. <i>Coincidence</i> is complete +agreement in some one or more respects; there may be a +<i>coincidence</i> in time of most dissimilar events. <i>Parity</i> of reasoning +is said of an argument equally conclusive on subjects not +strictly analogous. <i>Similitude</i> is a rhetorical comparison of one +thing to another with which it has some points in common. +<i>Resemblance</i> and <i>similarity</i> are external or superficial, and may +involve no deeper relation; as, the <i>resemblance</i> of a cloud to a +distant mountain. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEGORY">ALLEGORY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disagreement,</td><td>disproportion,</td><td>dissimilarity,</td><td>incongruity,</td><td>unlikeness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The analogy <i>between</i> (or <i>of</i>) nature and revelation; the analogy +<i>of</i> sound <i>to</i> light; a family has some analogy <i>with</i> (or <i>to</i>) a +state.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANGER" id="ANGER"></a>ANGER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>animosity,</td><td>fury,</td><td>offense,</td><td>rage,</td></tr> +<tr><td>choler,</td><td>impatience,</td><td>passion,</td><td>resentment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>displeasure,</td><td>indignation,</td><td>peevishness,</td><td>temper,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exasperation,</td><td>ire,</td><td>pettishness,</td><td>vexation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fretfulness,</td><td>irritation,</td><td>petulance,</td><td>wrath.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Displeasure</i> is the mildest and most general word. <i>Choler</i> and +<i>ire</i>, now rare except in poetic or highly rhetorical language, denote +a still, and the latter a persistent, <i>anger</i>. <i>Temper</i> used alone in +the sense of <i>anger</i> is colloquial, tho we may correctly say a +hot <i>temper</i>, a fiery <i>temper</i>, etc. <i>Passion</i>, tho a word of far +wider application, may, in the singular, be employed to denote +<i>anger</i>; "did put me in a towering <i>passion</i>," <span class="smc">Shakespeare</span> <i>Hamlet</i> +act v, sc. 2. <i>Anger</i> is violent and vindictive emotion, which is +sharp, sudden, and, like all violent passions, necessarily brief. +<i>Resentment</i> (a feeling back or feeling over again) is persistent, the +bitter brooding over injuries. <i>Exasperation</i>, a roughening, is a +hot, superficial intensity of <i>anger</i>, demanding instant expression. +<i>Rage</i> drives one beyond the bounds of prudence or discretion; <i>fury</i> +is stronger yet, and sweeps one away into uncontrollable violence. +<i>Anger</i> is personal and usually selfish, aroused by real or supposed +wrong to oneself, and directed specifically and intensely against +the person who is viewed as blameworthy. <i>Indignation</i> is impersonal +and unselfish <i>displeasure</i> at unworthy acts (L. <i>indigna</i>), <i>i. e.</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +at wrong as wrong. Pure <i>indignation</i> is not followed by regret, +and needs no repentance; it is also more self-controlled than +<i>anger</i>. <i>Anger</i> is commonly a sin; <i>indignation</i> is often a duty. +<i>Wrath</i> is deep and perhaps vengeful <i>displeasure</i>, as when the people +of Nazareth were "filled with <i>wrath</i>" at the plain words of +Jesus (<i>Luke</i> iv, 28); it may, however, simply express the culmination +of righteous <i>indignation</i> without malice in a pure being; as, +the <i>wrath</i> of God. <i>Impatience</i>, <i>fretfulness</i>, <i>irritation</i>, <i>peevishness</i>, +<i>pettishness</i>, <i>petulance</i>, and <i>vexation</i> express the slighter +forms of anger. <i>Irritation</i>, <i>petulance</i>, and <i>vexation</i> are temporary +and for immediate cause. <i>Fretfulness</i>, <i>pettishness</i>, and <i>peevishness</i> +are chronic states finding in any petty matter an occasion +for their exercise. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACRIMONY">ACRIMONY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amiability,</td><td>gentleness,</td><td>long-suffering,</td><td>patience,</td><td>peacefulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>charity,</td><td>leniency,</td><td>love,</td><td>peace,</td><td>self-control,</td></tr> +<tr><td>forbearance,</td><td>lenity,</td><td>mildness,</td><td>peaceableness,</td><td>self-restraint.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Anger <i>at</i> the insult prompted the reply. Anger <i>toward</i> the +offender exaggerates the offense.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANIMAL" id="ANIMAL"></a>ANIMAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beast,</td><td>fauna,</td><td rowspan="2">living organism,</td><td rowspan="2">sentient being.</td></tr> +<tr><td>brute,</td><td>living creature,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>animal</i> is a <i>sentient being</i>, distinct from inanimate matter +and from vegetable life on the one side and from mental and spiritual +existence on the other. Thus man is properly classified as an +<i>animal</i>. But because the animal life is the lowest and rudest part +of his being and that which he shares with inferior <i>creatures</i>, to +call any individual man an <i>animal</i> is to imply that the animal +nature has undue supremacy, and so is deep condemnation or utter +insult. The <i>brute</i> is the <i>animal</i> viewed as dull to all finer feeling; +the <i>beast</i> is looked upon as a being of appetites. To call +a man a <i>brute</i> is to imply that he is unfeeling and cruel; to call +him a <i>beast</i> is to indicate that he is vilely sensual. We speak of +the cruel father as a <i>brute</i> to his children; of the drunkard as +making a <i>beast</i> of himself. So firmly are these figurative senses +established that we now incline to avoid applying <i>brute</i> or <i>beast</i> +to any creature, as a horse or dog, for which we have any affection; +we prefer in such cases the word <i>animal</i>. <i>Creature</i> is a +word of wide signification, including all the things that God<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +has created, whether inanimate objects, plants, animals, angels, +or men. The <i>animals</i> of a region are collectively called its <i>fauna</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>angel,</td><td>man,</td><td>mind,</td><td>soul,</td><td>substance (material),</td></tr> +<tr><td>inanimate object,</td><td>matter,</td><td>mineral,</td><td>spirit,</td><td>vegetable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANNOUNCE" id="ANNOUNCE"></a>ANNOUNCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advertise,</td><td>give notice (of),</td><td>proclaim,</td><td>reveal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circulate,</td><td>give out,</td><td>promulgate,</td><td>say,</td></tr> +<tr><td>communicate,</td><td>herald,</td><td>propound,</td><td>spread abroad,</td></tr> +<tr><td>declare,</td><td>make known,</td><td>publish,</td><td>state,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enunciate,</td><td>notify,</td><td>report,</td><td>tell.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>announce</i> is to give intelligence of in some formal or public +way. We may <i>announce</i> that which has occurred or that which +is to occur, tho the word is chiefly used in the anticipative sense; +we <i>announce</i> a book when it is in press, a guest when he arrives. +We <i>advertise</i> our business, <i>communicate</i> our intentions, <i>enunciate</i> +our views; we <i>notify</i> an individual, <i>give notice</i> to the public. <i>Declare</i> +has often an authoritative force; to <i>declare</i> war is to cause +war to be, where before there may have been only hostilities; we +say <i>declare</i> war, <i>proclaim</i> peace. We <i>propound</i> a question or an +argument, <i>promulgate</i> the views of a sect or party, or the decision +of a court, etc. We <i>report</i> an interview, <i>reveal</i> a secret, <i>herald</i> +the coming of some distinguished person or great event. <i>Publish</i>, +in popular usage, is becoming closely restricted to the sense of +issuing through the press; we <i>announce</i> a book that is to be +<i>published</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bury,</td><td>cover (up),</td><td>hush,</td><td>keep secret,</td><td>suppress,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceal,</td><td>hide,</td><td>keep back,</td><td>secrete,</td><td>withhold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The event was announced <i>to</i> the family <i>by</i> telegraph.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ANSWER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>rejoinder,</td><td>repartee,</td><td>reply,</td><td>response,</td><td>retort.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A verbal <i>answer</i> is a return of words to something that seems +to call for them, and is made to a charge as well as to a question; +an <i>answer</i> may be even made to an unspoken implication or manifestation; +see <i>Luke</i> v, 22. In a wider sense, anything said or +done in return for some word, action, or suggestion of another +may be called an <i>answer</i>. The blow of an enraged man, the +whinny of a horse, the howling of the wind, the movement of a +bolt in a lock, an echo, etc., may each be an <i>answer</i> to some word<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +or movement. A <i>reply</i> is an unfolding, and ordinarily implies +thought and intelligence. A <i>rejoinder</i> is strictly an <i>answer</i> to a +<i>reply</i>, tho often used in the general sense of <i>answer</i>, but always +with the implication of something more or less controversial or +opposed, tho lacking the conclusiveness implied in <i>answer</i>; +an <i>answer</i>, in the full sense, to a charge, an argument, or an +objection is adequate, and finally refutes and disposes of it; a <i>reply</i> +or <i>rejoinder</i> may be quite inadequate, so that one may say, "This +<i>reply</i> is not an <i>answer</i>;" "I am ready with an <i>answer</i>" means +far more than "I am ready with a <i>reply</i>." A <i>response</i> is accordant +or harmonious, designed or adapted to carry on the thought +of the words that called it forth, as the <i>responses</i> in a liturgical +service, or to meet the wish of him who seeks it; as, the appeal +for aid met a prompt and hearty <i>response</i>. <i>Repartee</i> is a prompt, +witty, and commonly good-natured <i>answer</i> to some argument or +attack; a <i>retort</i> may also be witty, but is severe and may be even +savage in its intensity.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An answer <i>in</i> writing, or <i>by</i> word of mouth, <i>to</i> the question.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANTICIPATE" id="ANTICIPATE"></a>ANTICIPATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apprehend,</td><td>forecast,</td><td>hope,</td></tr> +<tr><td>expect,</td><td>foretaste,</td><td>look forward to.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>anticipate</i> may be either to take before in fact or to take +before in thought; in the former sense it is allied with <i>prevent</i>; in +the latter, with the synonyms above given. This is coming to be +the prevalent and favorite use. We <i>expect</i> that which we have +good reason to believe will happen; as, a boy <i>expects</i> to grow to +manhood. We <i>hope</i> for that which we much desire and somewhat +<i>expect</i>. We <i>apprehend</i> what we both <i>expect</i> and fear. <i>Anticipate</i> +is commonly used now, like <i>foretaste</i>, of that which we +<i>expect</i> both with confidence and pleasure. In this use it is a +stronger word than <i>hope</i>, where often "the wish is father to the +thought." I <i>hope</i> for a visit from my friend, tho I have no +word from him; I <i>expect</i> it when he writes that he is coming; +and as the time draws near I <i>anticipate</i> it with pleasure. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ABIDE">ABIDE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PREVENT">PREVENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>despair of,</td><td>distrust,</td><td>doubt,</td><td>dread,</td><td>fear,</td><td>recall,</td><td>recollect,</td><td>remember.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ANTICIPATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antepast,</td><td>expectation,</td><td>foresight,</td><td>hope,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>foreboding,</td><td>foretaste,</td><td>presentiment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>expectancy,</td><td>forecast,</td><td>forethought,</td><td>prevision.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Expectation</i> may be either of good or evil; <i>presentiment</i> almost +always, <i>apprehension</i> and <i>foreboding</i> always, of evil; <i>anticipation</i> +and <i>antepast</i>, commonly of good. Thus, we speak of the +pleasures of <i>anticipation</i>. A <i>foretaste</i> may be of good or evil, +and is more than imaginary; it is a part actually received in advance. +<i>Foresight</i> and <i>forethought</i> prevent future evil and secure +future good by timely looking forward, and acting upon what is +foreseen. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTICIPATE">ANTICIPATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>astonishment,</td><td>despair,</td><td>dread,</td><td>fear,</td><td>surprise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consummation,</td><td>doubt,</td><td>enjoyment,</td><td>realization,</td><td>wonder.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANTIPATHY" id="ANTIPATHY"></a>ANTIPATHY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abhorrence,</td><td>disgust,</td><td>hatred,</td><td>repugnance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonism,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>hostility,</td><td>repulsion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aversion,</td><td>distaste,</td><td>opposition,</td><td>uncongeniality.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">detestation,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Antipathy</i>, <i>repugnance</i>, and <i>uncongeniality</i> are instinctive; +other forms of <i>dislike</i> may be acquired or cherished for cause. +<i>Uncongeniality</i> is negative, a want of touch or sympathy. An <i>antipathy</i> +to a person or thing is an instinctive recoil from connection +or association with that person or thing, and may be physical +or mental, or both. <i>Antagonism</i> may result from the necessity of +circumstances; <i>opposition</i> may spring from conflicting views or +interests; <i>abhorrence</i> and <i>detestation</i> may be the result of religious +and moral training; <i>distaste</i> and <i>disgust</i> may be acquired; <i>aversion</i> +is a deep and permanent <i>dislike</i>. A natural <i>antipathy</i> may +give rise to <i>opposition</i> which may result in <i>hatred</i> and <i>hostility</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACRIMONY">ACRIMONY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affinity,</td><td>attraction,</td><td>fellow-feeling,</td><td>kindliness,</td><td>sympathy.</td></tr> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>congeniality,</td><td>harmony,</td><td colspan="2">regard,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Antipathy <i>to</i> (less frequently <i>for</i> or <i>against</i>) a person or thing; +antipathy <i>between</i> or <i>betwixt</i> two persons or things.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANTIQUE" id="ANTIQUE"></a>ANTIQUE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ancient,</td><td rowspan="2">old-fashioned,</td><td rowspan="2">quaint,</td><td rowspan="2">superannuated.</td></tr> +<tr><td>antiquated,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Antique</i> refers to an <i>ancient</i>, <i>antiquated</i> to a discarded style.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +<i>Antique</i> is that which is either <i>ancient</i> in fact or <i>ancient</i> in style. +The reference is to the style rather than to the age. We can speak +of the <i>antique</i> architecture of a church just built. The difference +between <i>antiquated</i> and <i>antique</i> is not in the age, for a Puritan +style may be scorned as <i>antiquated</i>, while a Roman or Renaissance +style may be prized as <i>antique</i>. The <i>antiquated</i> is not so +much out of date as out of vogue. <i>Old-fashioned</i> may be used +approvingly or contemptuously. In the latter case it becomes a +synonym for <i>antiquated</i>; in the good sense it approaches the +meaning of <i>antique</i>, but indicates less duration. We call a wide +New England fireplace <i>old-fashioned</i>; a coin of the Cæsars, <i>antique</i>. +<i>Quaint</i> combines the idea of age with a pleasing oddity; as, +a <i>quaint</i> gambrel-roofed house. <i>Antiquated</i> is sometimes used +of persons in a sense akin to <i>superannuated</i>. The <i>antiquated</i> person +is out of style and out of sympathy with the present generation +by reason of age; the <i>superannuated</i> person is incapacitated +for present activities by reason of age. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#OLD">OLD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fashionable,</td><td>fresh,</td><td>modern,</td><td>modish,</td><td>new,</td><td>recent,</td><td>stylish.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ANXIETY" id="ANXIETY"></a>ANXIETY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anguish,</td><td>disquiet,</td><td>foreboding,</td><td>perplexity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>disturbance,</td><td>fretfulness,</td><td>solicitude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>care,</td><td>dread,</td><td>fretting,</td><td>trouble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>concern,</td><td>fear,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>worry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Anxiety</i> is, according to its derivation, a choking <i>disquiet</i>, akin +to <i>anguish</i>; <i>anxiety</i> is mental; <i>anguish</i> may be mental or physical; +<i>anguish</i> is in regard to the known, <i>anxiety</i> in regard to the +unknown; <i>anguish</i> is because of what has happened, <i>anxiety</i> because +of what may happen. <i>Anxiety</i> refers to some future event, +always suggesting hopeful possibility, and thus differing from +<i>apprehension</i>, <i>fear</i>, <i>dread</i>, <i>foreboding</i>, <i>terror</i>, all of which may +be quite despairing. In matters within our reach, <i>anxiety</i> always +stirs the question whether something can not be done, and is thus +a valuable spur to doing; in this respect it is allied to <i>care</i>. <i>Foreboding</i>, +<i>dread</i>, etc., commonly incapacitate for all helpful thought +or endeavor. <i>Worry</i> is a more petty, restless, and manifest +<i>anxiety</i>; <i>anxiety</i> may be quiet and silent; <i>worry</i> is communicated +to all around. <i>Solicitude</i> is a milder <i>anxiety</i>. <i>Fretting</i> or <i>fretfulness</i> +is a weak complaining without thought of accomplishing or +changing anything, but merely as a relief to one's own <i>disquiet</i>. +<i>Perplexity</i> often involves <i>anxiety</i>, but may be quite free from it.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +A student may be <i>perplexed</i> regarding a translation, yet, if he +has time enough, not at all anxious regarding it.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apathy,</td><td>calmness,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>light-heartedness,</td><td>satisfaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>carelessness,</td><td>ease,</td><td>nonchalance,</td><td>tranquillity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Anxiety <i>for</i> a friend's return; anxiety <i>about</i>, <i>in regard to</i>, or +<i>concerning</i> the future.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APATHY" id="APATHY"></a>APATHY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calmness,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>quietness,</td><td>stoicism,</td></tr> +<tr><td>composure,</td><td>insensibility,</td><td>quietude,</td><td>tranquillity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>immobility,</td><td>lethargy,</td><td>sluggishness,</td><td>unconcern,</td></tr> +<tr><td>impassibility,</td><td>phlegm,</td><td>stillness,</td><td>unfeelingness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Apathy</i>, according to its Greek derivation, is a simple absence +of feeling or emotion. There are persons to whom a certain +degree of <i>apathy</i> is natural, an innate <i>sluggishness</i> of the emotional +nature. In the <i>apathy</i> of despair, a person gives up, without +resistance or sensibility, to what he has fiercely struggled to avoid. +While <i>apathy</i> is want of feeling, <i>calmness</i> is feeling without agitation. +<i>Calmness</i> is the result of strength, courage, or trust; <i>apathy</i> +is the result of dulness or weakness. <i>Composure</i> is freedom from +agitation or disturbance, resulting ordinarily from force of will, +or from perfect confidence in one's own resources. <i>Impassibility</i> +is a philosophical term applied to the Deity, as infinitely exalted +above all stir of passion or emotion. <i>Unfeelingness</i>, the Saxon word +that should be the exact equivalent of <i>apathy</i>, really means more, +a lack of the feeling one ought to have, a censurable hardness of +heart. <i>Indifference</i> and <i>insensibility</i> designate the absence of feeling +toward certain persons or things; <i>apathy</i>, entire absence of feeling. +<i>Indifference</i> is a want of interest; <i>insensibility</i> is a want of +feeling; <i>unconcern</i> has reference to consequences. We speak of +<i>insensibility</i> of heart, <i>immobility</i> of countenance. <i>Stoicism</i> is an +intentional suppression of feeling and deadening of sensibilities, +while <i>apathy</i> is involuntary. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CALM">CALM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REST">REST</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#STUPOR">STUPOR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitation,</td><td>disturbance,</td><td>feeling,</td><td>sensibility,</td><td>sympathy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alarm,</td><td>eagerness,</td><td>frenzy,</td><td>sensitiveness,</td><td>turbulence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anxiety,</td><td>emotion,</td><td>fury,</td><td>storm,</td><td>vehemence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>care,</td><td>excitement,</td><td>passion,</td><td>susceptibility,</td><td>violence.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">distress,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The apathy <i>of</i> monastic life; apathy <i>toward</i> good.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p> + +<h3>APIECE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>distributively,</td><td>each,</td><td>individually,</td><td>separately,</td><td>severally.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>There is no discernible difference in sense between so much +<i>apiece</i> and so much <i>each</i>; the former is the more common and +popular, the latter the more elegant expression. <i>Distributively</i> +is generally used of numbers and abstract relations. <i>Individually</i> +emphasizes the independence of the individuals; <i>separately</i> and +<i>severally</i> still more emphatically hold them apart. The signers of +a note may become jointly and <i>severally</i> responsible, that is, <i>each</i> +liable for the entire amount, as if he had signed it alone. Witnesses +are often brought <i>separately</i> into court, in order that no +one may be influenced by the testimony of another. If a company +of laborers demand a dollar <i>apiece</i>, that is a demand that +<i>each</i> shall receive that sum; if they <i>individually</i> demand a dollar, +<i>each</i> individual makes the demand.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accumulatively,</td><td>confusedly,</td><td>indiscriminately,</td><td>together,</td><td>unitedly.</td></tr> +<tr><td>collectively,</td><td><i>en masse</i>,</td><td colspan="3">synthetically,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APOLOGY" id="APOLOGY"></a>APOLOGY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acknowledgment,</td><td>defense,</td><td>excuse,</td><td>plea,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confession,</td><td>exculpation,</td><td>justification,</td><td>vindication.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>All these words express one's answer to a charge of wrong or +error that is or might be made. <i>Apology</i> has undergone a remarkable +change from its old sense of a valiant <i>defense</i>—as in +Justin Martyr's <i>Apologies</i> for the Christian faith—to its present +meaning of humble <i>confession</i> and concession. He who offers an +<i>apology</i> admits himself, at least technically and seemingly, in the +wrong. An <i>apology</i> is for what one has done or left undone; +an <i>excuse</i> may be for what one proposes to do or leave undone +as well; as, one sends beforehand his <i>excuse</i> for not accepting +an invitation; if he should fail either to be present or to excuse +himself, an <i>apology</i> would be in order. An <i>excuse</i> for a fault is +an attempt at partial justification; as, one alleges haste as an <i>excuse</i> +for carelessness. <i>Confession</i> is a full <i>acknowledgment</i> of +wrong, generally of a grave wrong, with or without <i>apology</i> or +<i>excuse</i>. <i>Plea</i> ranges in sense from a prayer for favor or pardon +to an attempt at full <i>vindication</i>. <i>Defense</i>, <i>exculpation</i>, <i>justification</i>, +and <i>vindication</i> are more properly antonyms than synonyms +of <i>apology</i> in its modern sense, and should be so given, but for<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +their connection with its historic usage. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONFESS">CONFESS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEFENSE">DEFENSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accusation,</td><td>charge,</td><td>condemnation,</td><td>injury,</td><td>offense,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>complaint,</td><td>imputation,</td><td>insult,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An apology <i>to</i> the guest <i>for</i> the oversight would be fitting.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APPARENT" id="APPARENT"></a>APPARENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>likely,</td><td>presumable,</td><td>probable,</td><td>seeming.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>apparent</i> is that which appears; the word has two contrasted +senses, either of that which is manifest, visible, certain, +or of that which merely seems to be and may be very different +from what is; as, the <i>apparent</i> motion of the sun around the +earth. <i>Apparent</i> kindness casts a doubt on the reality of the +kindness; <i>apparent</i> neglect implies that more care and pains may +have been bestowed than we are aware of. <i>Presumable</i> implies +that a thing may be reasonably supposed beforehand without any +full knowledge of the facts. <i>Probable</i> implies that we know facts +enough to make us moderately confident of it. <i>Seeming</i> expresses +great doubt of the reality; <i>seeming</i> innocence comes very near in +meaning to <i>probable</i> guilt. <i>Apparent</i> indicates less assurance +than <i>probable</i>, and more than <i>seeming</i>. A man's <i>probable</i> intent +we believe will prove to be his real intent; his <i>seeming</i> intent we +believe to be a sham; his <i>apparent</i> intent may be the true one, +tho we have not yet evidence on which to pronounce with certainty +or even with confidence. <i>Likely</i> is a word with a wide +range of usage, but always implying the belief that the thing is, or +will be, true; it is often used with the infinitive, as the other words +of this list can not be; as, it is <i>likely</i> to happen. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVIDENT">EVIDENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>doubtful,</td><td>dubious,</td><td>improbable,</td><td>unimaginable,</td><td>unlikely.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>(When <i>apparent</i> is used in the sense of evident): His guilt is +apparent <i>in</i> every act <i>to</i> all observers.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APPEAR" id="APPEAR"></a>APPEAR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>have the appearance <span class="nbi">or</span> semblance,</td><td>look,</td><td>seem.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Appear</i> and <i>look</i> refer to what manifests itself to the senses; +to a semblance or probability presented directly to the mind. <i>Seem</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +applies to what is manifest to the mind on reflection. It suddenly +<i>appears</i> to me that there is smoke in the distance; as I watch, it +<i>looks</i> like a fire; from my knowledge of the locality and observation +of particulars, it <i>seems</i> to me a farmhouse must be burning.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be,</td><td>be certain, real, <i>or</i> true,</td><td>be the fact,</td><td>exist.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Appear <i>at</i> the front; <i>among</i> the first; <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> the surface; +<i>to</i> the eye; <i>in</i> evidence, <i>in</i> print; <i>from</i> reports; <i>near</i> the harbor; +<i>before</i> the public; <i>in</i> appropriate dress; <i>with</i> the insignia of his +rank; <i>above</i> the clouds; <i>below</i> the surface; <i>under</i> the lee; <i>over</i> +the sea; <i>through</i> the mist; appear <i>for</i>, <i>in behalf of</i>, or <i>against</i> +one in court.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APPENDAGE" id="APPENDAGE"></a>APPENDAGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accessory,</td><td>addition,</td><td>appurtenance,</td><td>concomitant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accompaniment,</td><td>adjunct,</td><td>attachment,</td><td>extension,</td></tr> +<tr><td>addendum,</td><td>appendix,</td><td>auxiliary,</td><td>supplement.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>adjunct</i> (something joined to) constitutes no real part of the +thing or system to which it is joined, tho perhaps a valuable +<i>addition</i>; an <i>appendage</i> is commonly a real, tho not an essential +or necessary part of that with which it is connected; an +<i>appurtenance</i> belongs subordinately to something by which it is +employed, especially as an instrument to accomplish some purpose. +A horse's tail is at once an ornamental <i>appendage</i> and a +useful <i>appurtenance</i>; we could not call it an <i>adjunct</i>, tho we +might use that word of his iron shoes. An <i>attachment</i> in machinery +is some mechanism that can be brought into optional connection +with the principal movement; a hemmer is a valuable <i>attachment</i> +of a sewing-machine. An <i>extension</i>, as of a railroad or of +a franchise, carries out further something already existing. We +add an <i>appendix</i> to a book, to contain names, dates, lists, etc., +which would encumber the text; we add a <i>supplement</i> to supply +omissions, as, for instance, to bring it up to date. An <i>appendix</i> +may be called an <i>addendum</i>; but <i>addendum</i> may be used of a +brief note, which would not be dignified by the name of <i>appendix</i>; +such notes are often grouped as <i>addenda</i>. An <i>addition</i> might +be matter interwoven in the body of the work, an index, plates, +editorial notes, etc., which might be valuable <i>additions</i>, but not<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +within the meaning of <i>appendix</i> or <i>supplement</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#AUXILIARY">AUXILIARY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>main body,</td><td>original,</td><td>total,</td><td>whole.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>That which is thought of as added we call an appendage <i>to</i>; +that which is looked upon as an integral part is called an appendage +<i>of</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APPETITE" id="APPETITE"></a>APPETITE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appetency,</td><td>impulse,</td><td>lust,</td><td>propensity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>craving,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>passion,</td><td>relish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>desire,</td><td>liking,</td><td>proclivity,</td><td>thirst,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disposition,</td><td>longing,</td><td>proneness,</td><td>zest.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Appetite</i> is used only of the demands of the physical system, +unless otherwise expressly stated, as when we say an <i>appetite</i> for +knowledge; <i>passion</i> includes all excitable impulses of our nature, +as anger, fear, love, hatred, etc. <i>Appetite</i> is thus more animal +than <i>passion</i>; and when we speak of <i>passions</i> and <i>appetites</i> as +conjoined or contrasted, we think of the <i>appetites</i> as wholly physical +and of the <i>passions</i> as, in part at least, mental or spiritual. +We say an <i>appetite</i> for food, a <i>passion</i> for fame. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DESIRE">DESIRE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antipathy,</td><td>detestation,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>distaste,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>repugnance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aversion,</td><td>disgust,</td><td>disrelish,</td><td>hatred,</td><td>loathing,</td><td>repulsion.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIPATHY">ANTIPATHY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>He had an insatiable appetite <i>for</i> the marvellous.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="APPORTION" id="APPORTION"></a>APPORTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allot,</td><td>appropriate,</td><td>deal,</td><td>distribute,</td><td>grant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appoint,</td><td>assign,</td><td>dispense,</td><td>divide,</td><td>share.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>allot</i> or <i>assign</i> may be to make an arbitrary division; the +same is true of <i>distribute</i> or <i>divide</i>. That which is <i>apportioned</i> +is given by some fixed rule, which is meant to be uniform and +fair; as, representatives are <i>apportioned</i> among the States according +to population. To <i>dispense</i> is to give out freely; as, the sun +<i>dispenses</i> light and heat. A thing is <i>appropriated</i> to or for a specific +purpose (to which it thus becomes <i>proper</i>, in the original +sense of being its own); money <i>appropriated</i> by Congress for one +purpose can not be expended for any other. One may <i>apportion</i> +what he only holds in trust; he <i>shares</i> what is his own. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLOT">ALLOT</a></span>.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cling to,</td><td>consolidate,</td><td>gather together,</td><td>receive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>collect,</td><td>divide arbitrarily,</td><td>keep together,</td><td>retain.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Apportion <i>to</i> each a fair amount; apportion the property <i>among</i> +the heirs, <i>between</i> two claimants; apportion <i>according to</i> numbers, +etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>APPROXIMATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>approach,</td><td>likeness,</td><td>neighborhood,</td><td>resemblance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contiguity,</td><td>nearness,</td><td>propinquity,</td><td>similarity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In mathematics, <i>approximation</i> is not guesswork, not looseness, +and not error. The process of <i>approximation</i> is as exact and +correct at every point as that by which an absolute result is secured; +the result only fails of exactness because of some inherent +difficulty in the problem. The attempt to "square the circle" +gives only an <i>approximate</i> result, because of the impossibility of +expressing the circumference in terms of the radius. But the +limits of error on either side are known, and the <i>approximation</i> +has practical value. Outside of mathematics, the correct use of +<i>approximation</i> (and the kindred words <i>approximate</i> and <i>approximately</i>) +is to express as near an approach to accuracy and certainty +as the conditions of human thought or action in any given case +make possible. <i>Resemblance</i> and <i>similarity</i> may be but superficial +and apparent; <i>approximation</i> is real. <i>Approach</i> is a relative +term, indicating that one has come nearer than before, tho the +distance may yet be considerable; an <i>approximation</i> brings one +really near. <i>Nearness</i>, <i>neighborhood</i>, and <i>propinquity</i> are commonly +used of place; <i>approximation</i>, of mathematical calculations +and abstract reasoning; we speak of <i>approach</i> to the shore, <i>nearness</i> +to the town, <i>approximation</i> to the truth.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>difference,</td><td>distance,</td><td>error,</td><td>remoteness,</td><td>unlikeness,</td><td>variation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The approximation <i>of</i> the vegetable <i>to</i> the animal type.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ARMS" id="ARMS"></a>ARMS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accouterments,</td><td>armor,</td><td>harness,</td><td>mail,</td><td>weapons.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Arms</i> are implements of attack; <i>armor</i> is a defensive covering. +The knight put on his <i>armor</i>; he grasped his <i>arms</i>. With the +disuse of defensive <i>armor</i> the word has practically gone out of +military use, but it is still employed in the navy, where the distinction<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +is clearly preserved; any vessel provided with cannon is +an <i>armed</i> vessel; an <i>armored</i> ship is an ironclad. Anything that +can be wielded in fight may become a <i>weapon</i>, as a pitchfork or a +paving-stone; <i>arms</i> are especially made and designed for conflict.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ARMY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>armament,</td><td>forces,</td><td>military,</td><td>soldiers,</td></tr> +<tr><td>array,</td><td>host,</td><td>multitude,</td><td>soldiery,</td></tr> +<tr><td>force,</td><td>legions,</td><td>phalanx,</td><td>troops.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>army</i> is an organized body of men armed for war, ordinarily +considerable in numbers, always independent in organization +so far as not to be a constituent part of any other command. Organization, +unity, and independence, rather than numbers are the +essentials of an <i>army</i>. We speak of the invading <i>army</i> of Cortes or +Pizarro, tho either body was contemptible in numbers from a modern +military standpoint. We may have a little <i>army</i>, a large <i>army</i>, +or a vast <i>army</i>. <i>Host</i> is used for any vast and orderly assemblage; +as, the stars are called the heavenly <i>host</i>. <i>Multitude</i> expresses +number without order or organization; a <i>multitude</i> of +armed men is not an <i>army</i>, but a mob. <i>Legion</i> (from the Latin) +and <i>phalanx</i> (from the Greek) are applied by a kind of poetic +license to modern <i>forces</i>; the plural <i>legions</i> is preferred to the +singular. <i>Military</i> is a general word for land-<i>forces</i>; the <i>military</i> +may include all the armed <i>soldiery</i> of a nation, or the term may +be applied to any small detached company, as at a fort, in distinction +from civilians. Any organized body of men by whom the +law or will of a people is executed is a <i>force</i>; the word is a usual +term for the police of any locality.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ARRAIGN" id="ARRAIGN"></a>ARRAIGN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accuse,</td><td>charge,</td><td>impeach,</td><td>prosecute,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>cite,</td><td>indict,</td><td>summon.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Arraign</i> is an official word; a person accused of crime is +<i>arraigned</i> when he is formally called into court, the indictment +read to him, and the demand made of him to plead guilty or not +guilty; in more extended use, to <i>arraign</i> is to call in question for +fault in any formal, public, or official way. One may <i>charge</i> +another with any fault, great or trifling, privately or publicly, +formally or informally. <i>Accuse</i> is stronger than <i>charge</i>, suggesting +more of the formal and criminal; a person may <i>charge</i> a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +friend with unkindness or neglect; he may <i>accuse</i> a tramp of +stealing. <i>Censure</i> carries the idea of fault, but not of crime; it +may be private and individual, or public and official. A judge, a +president, or other officer of high rank may be <i>impeached</i> before +the appropriate tribunal for high crimes; the veracity of a witness +may be <i>impeached</i> by damaging evidence. A person of the highest +character may be <i>summoned</i> as defendant in a civil suit; or he +may be <i>cited</i> to answer as administrator, etc. <i>Indict</i> and <i>arraign</i> +apply strictly to criminal proceedings, and only an alleged criminal +is <i>indicted</i> or <i>arraigned</i>. One is <i>indicted</i> by the grand jury, +and <i>arraigned</i> before the appropriate court.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acquit,</td><td>discharge,</td><td>exonerate,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>release,</td></tr> +<tr><td>condone,</td><td>excuse,</td><td>forgive,</td><td>pardon,</td><td>set free.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Arraign <i>at</i> the bar, <i>before</i> the tribunal, <i>of</i> or <i>for</i> a crime; <i>on</i> or +<i>upon</i> an indictment.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ARRAY" id="ARRAY"></a>ARRAY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>army,</td><td>collection,</td><td>line of battle,</td><td>parade,</td></tr> +<tr><td>arrangement,</td><td>disposition,</td><td>order,</td><td>show,</td></tr> +<tr><td>battle array,</td><td>exhibition,</td><td>order of battle,</td><td>sight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The phrase <i>battle array</i> or <i>array of battle</i> is archaic and poetic; +we now say in <i>line</i> or <i>order of battle</i>. The <i>parade</i> is for <i>exhibition</i> +and oversight, and partial rehearsal of military manual and +maneuvers. <i>Array</i> refers to a continuous <i>arrangement</i> of men, +so that all may be seen or reviewed at once. This is practically +impossible with the vast <i>armies</i> of our day. We say rather the +<i>disposition</i> of troops, which expresses their location so as to sustain +and support, though unable to see or readily communicate +with each other. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRESS">DRESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ARREST" id="ARREST"></a>ARREST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apprehend,</td><td>detain,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capture,</td><td>hold,</td><td>secure,</td><td>take into custody,</td></tr> +<tr><td>catch,</td><td>make prisoner,</td><td>seize,</td><td>take prisoner.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The legal term <i>arrest</i> carries always the implication of a legal +offense; this is true even of <i>arresting</i> for debt. But one may be +<i>detained</i> by process of law when no offense is alleged against him, +as in the case of a witness who is <i>held</i> in a house of detention till +a case comes to trial. One may be <i>restrained</i> of his liberty without +arrest, as in an insane asylum; an individual or corporation<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +may be <i>restrained</i> by injunction from selling certain property. +In case of an arrest, an officer may <i>secure</i> his prisoner by fetters, +by a locked door, or other means effectually to prevent escape. +<i>Capture</i> is commonly used of seizure by armed force; as, to <i>capture</i> +a ship, a fort, etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSTRUCT">OBSTRUCT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>discharge,</td><td>dismiss,</td><td>free,</td><td>liberate,</td><td>release,</td><td>set free.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Arrested <i>for</i> crime, <i>on</i> suspicion, <i>by</i> the sheriff; <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or +<i>by virtue of</i> a warrant; <i>on</i> final process; <i>in</i> execution.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ARTIFICE" id="ARTIFICE"></a>ARTIFICE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>art,</td><td>craft,</td><td>finesse,</td><td>invention,</td><td>stratagem,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blind,</td><td>cunning,</td><td>fraud,</td><td>machination,</td><td>subterfuge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheat,</td><td>device,</td><td>guile,</td><td>maneuver,</td><td>trick,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrivance,</td><td>dodge,</td><td>imposture,</td><td>ruse,</td><td>wile.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>contrivance</i> or <i>device</i> may be either good or bad. A <i>cheat</i> +is a mean advantage in a bargain; a <i>fraud</i>, any form of covert +robbery or injury. <i>Imposture</i> is a deceitful <i>contrivance</i> for securing +charity, credit, or consideration. A <i>stratagem</i> or <i>maneuver</i> +may be of the good against the bad, as it were a skilful movement +of war. A <i>wile</i> is usually but not necessarily evil.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>E'en children followed with endearing <i>wile</i>.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Goldsmith</span> <i>Deserted Village</i>, l. 184.</p></div> + +<p class="noin">A <i>trick</i> is often low, injurious, and malicious; we say a mean +<i>trick</i>; the word is sometimes used playfully with less than its full +meaning. A <i>ruse</i> or a <i>blind</i> may be quite innocent and harmless. +An <i>artifice</i> is a carefully and delicately prepared <i>contrivance</i> for +doing indirectly what one could not well do directly. A <i>device</i> is +something studied out for promoting an end, as in a mechanism; +the word is used of indirect action, often, but not necessarily +directed to an evil, selfish, or injurious end. <i>Finesse</i> is especially +subtle <i>contrivance</i>, delicate <i>artifice</i>, whether for good or evil. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRAUD">FRAUD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>artlessness,</td><td>fairness,</td><td>guilelessness,</td><td>ingenuousness,</td><td>openness,</td><td>sincerity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>candor,</td><td>frankness,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>innocence,</td><td>simplicity,</td><td>truth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ARTIST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>artificer,</td><td>artisan,</td><td>mechanic,</td><td>operative,</td><td>workman.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Artist</i>, <i>artificer</i> and <i>artisan</i> are all from the root of <i>art</i>, but <i>artist</i> +holds to the esthetic sense, while <i>artificer</i> and <i>artisan</i> follow the +mechanical or industrial sense of the word (see <span class="smcl">ART</span> under <span class="smcl"><a href="#SCIENCE">SCIENCE</a></span>).<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +<i>Artist</i> thus comes only into accidental association with the other +words of this group, not being a synonym of any one of them and +having practically no synonym of its own. The work of the <i>artist</i> +is creative; that of the <i>artisan</i> mechanical. The man who paints +a beautiful picture is an <i>artist</i>; the man who makes pin-heads +all day is an <i>artisan</i>. The <i>artificer</i> is between the two, putting +more thought, intelligence, and taste into his work than the <i>artisan</i>, +but less of the idealizing, creative power than the <i>artist</i>. The +sculptor, shaping his model in clay, is <i>artificer</i>, as well as <i>artist</i>; +patient <i>artisans</i>, working simply by rule and scale, chisel and polish +the stone. The man who constructs anything by mere routine +and rule is a <i>mechanic</i>. The man whose work involves thought, +skill, and constructive power is an <i>artificer</i>. The hod-carrier is a +<i>laborer</i>; the bricklayer is a <i>mechanic</i>; the master mason is an <i>artificer</i>. +Those who operate machinery nearly self-acting are <i>operatives</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ASK" id="ASK"></a>ASK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beg,</td><td>crave,</td><td>entreat,</td><td>petition,</td><td>request,</td><td>solicit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beseech,</td><td>demand,</td><td>implore,</td><td>pray,</td><td>require,</td><td>supplicate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One <i>asks</i> what he feels that he may fairly claim and reasonably +expect; "if a son shall <i>ask</i> bread of any of you that is a father," +<i>Luke</i> xi, 11; he <i>begs</i> for that to which he advances no claim but +pity. <i>Demand</i> is a determined and often an arrogant word; one +may rightfully <i>demand</i> what is his own or his due, when it is +withheld or denied; or he may wrongfully <i>demand</i> that to which +he has no claim but power. <i>Require</i> is less arrogant and obtrusive +than <i>demand</i>, but is exceedingly strenuous; as, the court <i>requires</i> +the attendance of witnesses. <i>Entreat</i> implies a special +earnestness of asking, and <i>beseech</i>, a still added and more humble +intensity; <i>beseech</i> was formerly often used as a polite intensive for +<i>beg</i> or <i>pray</i>; as, I <i>beseech</i> you to tell me. To <i>implore</i> is to <i>ask</i> +with weeping and lamentation; to <i>supplicate</i> is to <i>ask</i>, as it were, +on bended knees. <i>Crave</i> and <i>request</i> are somewhat formal terms; +<i>crave</i> has almost disappeared from conversation; <i>request</i> would +seem distant between parent and child. <i>Pray</i> is now used chiefly +of address to the Supreme Being; <i>petition</i> is used of written request +to persons in authority; as, to <i>petition</i> the legislature to +pass an act, or the governor to pardon an offender.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>claim,</td><td>command,</td><td>deny,</td><td>enforce,</td><td>exact,</td><td>extort,</td><td>insist,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>reject.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Ask a person <i>for</i> a thing; ask a thing <i>of</i> or <i>from</i> a person; ask +<i>after</i> or <i>about</i> one's health, welfare, friends, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ASSOCIATE" id="ASSOCIATE"></a>ASSOCIATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplice,</td><td>coadjutor,</td><td>comrade,</td><td>fellow,</td><td>mate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ally,</td><td>colleague,</td><td>confederate,</td><td>friend,</td><td>partner,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chum,</td><td>companion,</td><td>consort,</td><td>helpmate,</td><td>peer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>associate</i> as used officially implies a chief, leader, or principal, +to whom the <i>associate</i> is not fully equal in rank. <i>Associate</i> is +popularly used of mere friendly relations, but oftener implies some +work, enterprise, or pursuit in which the associated persons unite. +We rarely speak of <i>associates</i> in crime or wrong, using <i>confederates</i> +or <i>accomplices</i> instead. <i>Companion</i> gives itself with equal +readiness to the good or evil sense, as also does <i>comrade</i>. One may +be a <i>companion</i> in travel who would not readily become an <i>associate</i> +at home. A lady advertises for a <i>companion</i>; she would not +advertise for an <i>associate</i>. <i>Peer</i> implies equality rather than companionship; +as, a jury of his <i>peers</i>. <i>Comrade</i> expresses more fellowship +and good feeling than <i>companion</i>. <i>Fellow</i> has almost gone +out of use in this connection, except in an inferior or patronizing +sense. <i>Consort</i> is a word of equality and dignity, as applied +especially to the marriage relation. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACQUAINTANCE">ACQUAINTANCE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antagonist,</td><td>enemy,</td><td>foe,</td><td>hinderer,</td><td>opponent,</td><td>opposer,</td><td>rival,</td><td>stranger.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>These were the associates <i>of</i> the leader <i>in</i> the enterprise.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ASSOCIATION" id="ASSOCIATION"></a>ASSOCIATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alliance,</td><td>confederacy,</td><td>familiarity,</td><td>lodge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>club,</td><td>confederation,</td><td>federation,</td><td>participation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>community,</td><td>conjunction,</td><td>fellowship,</td><td>partnership,</td></tr> +<tr><td>companionship,</td><td>connection,</td><td>fraternity,</td><td>society,</td></tr> +<tr><td>company,</td><td>corporation,</td><td>friendship,</td><td>union.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We speak of an <i>alliance</i> of nations, a <i>club</i> of pleasure-seekers, +a <i>community</i> of Shakers, a <i>company</i> of soldiers or of friends, a +<i>confederacy</i>, <i>confederation</i>, <i>federation</i>, or <i>union</i> of separate +states under one general government, a <i>partnership</i> or <i>company</i> +of business men, a <i>conjunction</i> of planets. The whole body of +Freemasons constitute a <i>fraternity</i>; one of their local organizations +is called a <i>lodge</i>. A <i>corporation</i> or <i>company</i> is formed for<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +purposes of business; an <i>association</i> or <i>society</i> (tho also incorporated) +is for learning, literature, benevolence, religion, etc. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ASSOCIATE">ASSOCIATE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACQUAINTANCE">ACQUAINTANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disintegration,</td><td>independence,</td><td>isolation,</td><td>separation,</td><td>solitude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An association <i>of</i> scholars <i>for</i> the advancement of knowledge; +association <i>with</i> the good is ennobling.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ASSUME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accept,</td><td>arrogate,</td><td>postulate,</td><td>put on,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affect,</td><td>claim,</td><td>presume,</td><td>take,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appropriate,</td><td>feign,</td><td>pretend,</td><td>usurp.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The distinctive idea of <i>assume</i> is to <i>take</i> by one's own independent +volition, whether well or ill, rightfully or wrongfully. One may +<i>accept</i> an obligation or <i>assume</i> an authority that properly belongs +to him, or he may <i>assume</i> an obligation or indebtedness that +could not be required of him. He may <i>assume</i> authority or office +that is his right; if he <i>assumes</i> what does not belong to him, he is +said to <i>arrogate</i> or <i>usurp</i> it. A man may <i>usurp</i> the substance of +power in the most unpretending way; what he <i>arrogates</i> to himself +he <i>assumes</i> with a haughty and overbearing manner. One +<i>assumes</i> the robes or insignia of office by <i>putting</i> them <i>on</i>, with +or without right. If he <i>takes</i> to himself the credit and appearance +of qualities he does not possess, he is said to <i>affect</i> or <i>feign</i>, or to +<i>pretend</i> to, the character he thus <i>assumes</i>. What a debater <i>postulates</i> +he openly states and <i>takes</i> for granted without proof; what +he <i>assumes</i> he may take for granted without mention. A favorite +trick of the sophist is quietly to <i>assume</i> as true what would at once +be challenged if expressly stated. What a man <i>claims</i> he asserts +his right to <i>take</i>; what he <i>assumes</i> he <i>takes</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ASSURANCE" id="ASSURANCE"></a>ASSURANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrogance,</td><td>boldness,</td><td>impudence,</td><td>self-confidence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assertion,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>presumption,</td><td>self-reliance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assumption,</td><td>effrontery,</td><td>self-assertion,</td><td>trust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Assurance</i> may have the good sense of a high, sustained <i>confidence</i> +and <i>trust</i>; as, the saint's <i>assurance</i> of heaven. <i>Confidence</i> is +founded upon reasons; <i>assurance</i> is largely a matter of feeling. +In the bad sense, <i>assurance</i> is a vicious courage, with belief of +one's ability to outwit or defy others; the hardened criminal is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +remarkable for habitual <i>assurance</i>. For the calm conviction of +one's own rectitude and ability, <i>self-confidence</i> is a better word +than <i>assurance</i>; <i>self-reliance</i> expresses confidence in one's own +resources, independently of others' aid. In the bad sense <i>assurance</i> +is less gross than <i>impudence</i>, which is (according to its etymology) +a shameless <i>boldness</i>. <i>Assurance</i> is in act or manner; +<i>impudence</i> may be in speech. <i>Effrontery</i> is <i>impudence</i> defiantly +displayed. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FAITH">FAITH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIDE">PRIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>consternation,</td><td>distrust,</td><td>hesitancy,</td><td>shyness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confusion,</td><td>dismay,</td><td>doubt,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>timidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ASTUTE" id="ASTUTE"></a>ASTUTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acute,</td><td>discerning,</td><td>penetrating,</td><td>sharp,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear-sighted,</td><td>discriminating,</td><td>penetrative,</td><td>shrewd,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crafty,</td><td>keen,</td><td>perspicacious,</td><td>subtile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cunning,</td><td>knowing,</td><td>sagacious,</td><td>subtle.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Acute</i>, from the Latin, suggests the sharpness of the needle's +point; <i>keen</i>, from the Saxon, the sharpness of the cutting edge. +<i>Astute</i>, from the Latin, with the original sense of <i>cunning</i> has +come to have a meaning that combines the sense of <i>acute</i> or <i>keen</i> +with that of <i>sagacious</i>. The <i>astute</i> mind adds to <i>acuteness</i> and +<i>keenness</i> an element of cunning or finesse. The <i>astute</i> debater +leads his opponents into a snare by getting them to make admissions, +or urge arguments, of which he sees a result that they do +not perceive. The <i>acute</i>, <i>keen</i> intellect may take no special advantage +of these qualities; the <i>astute</i> mind has always a point to +make for itself, and seldom fails to make it. A <i>knowing</i> look, +air, etc., in general indicates practical knowledge with a touch of +shrewdness, and perhaps of cunning; in regard to some special +matter, it indicates the possession of reserved knowledge which +the person could impart if he chose. <i>Knowing</i> has often a slightly +invidious sense. We speak of a <i>knowing</i> rascal, meaning <i>cunning</i> +or <i>shrewd</i> within a narrow range, but of a <i>knowing</i> horse or dog, +in the sense of <i>sagacious</i>, implying that he knows more than +could be expected of such an animal. A <i>knowing</i> child has more +knowledge than would be looked for at his years, perhaps more +than is quite desirable, while to speak of a child as <i>intelligent</i> is +altogether complimentary.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blind,</td><td>idiotic,</td><td>shallow,</td><td>stolid,</td><td>undiscerning,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>imbecile,</td><td>short-sighted,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>unintelligent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ATTACHMENT" id="ATTACHMENT"></a>ATTACHMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adherence,</td><td>devotion,</td><td>friendship,</td><td>regard,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adhesion,</td><td>esteem,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>tenderness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affection,</td><td>estimation,</td><td>love,</td><td>union.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>attachment</i> is a feeling that binds a person by ties of heart +to another person or thing; we speak of a man's <i>adherence</i> to his +purpose, his <i>adhesion</i> to his party, or to anything to which he +clings tenaciously, tho with no special tenderness; of his <i>attachment</i> +to his church, to the old homestead, or to any persons or +objects that he may hold dear. <i>Affection</i> expresses more warmth +of feeling; we should not speak of a mother's <i>attachment</i> to her +babe, but of her <i>affection</i> or of her <i>devotion</i>. <i>Inclination</i> expresses +simply a tendency, which may be good or bad, yielded to +or overcome; as, an <i>inclination</i> to study; an <i>inclination</i> to +drink. <i>Regard</i> is more distant than <i>affection</i> or <i>attachment</i>, but +closer and warmer than <i>esteem</i>; we speak of high <i>esteem</i>, kind +<i>regard</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACQUAINTANCE">ACQUAINTANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPENDAGE">APPENDAGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOVE">LOVE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#UNION">UNION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alienation,</td><td>aversion,</td><td>distance,</td><td>estrangement,</td><td>repugnance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animosity,</td><td>coolness,</td><td>divorce,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>separation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antipathy,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>enmity,</td><td>opposition,</td><td>severance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Attachment <i>of</i> a true man <i>to</i> his friends; attachment <i>to</i> a +leader <i>for</i> his nobility of character; the attachments <i>between</i> two +persons or things; attachment <i>by</i> muscular fibers, or <i>by</i> a rope, +etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ATTACK, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assail,</td><td>beset,</td><td>combat,</td><td>invade,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assault,</td><td>besiege,</td><td>encounter,</td><td>set upon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beleaguer,</td><td>charge,</td><td>fall upon,</td><td>storm.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>attack</i> is to begin hostilities of any kind. A general <i>invades</i> +a country by marching in troops; he <i>attacks</i> a city by drawing +up an army against it; he <i>assaults</i> it by hurling his +troops directly upon its defenses. <i>Assail</i> and <i>assault</i>, tho of +the same original etymology, have diverged in meaning, so that +<i>assault</i> alone retains the meaning of direct personal violence. +One may <i>assail</i> another with reproaches; he <i>assaults</i> him with a +blow, a brandished weapon, etc. Armies or squadrons <i>charge</i>; +<i>combat</i> and <i>encounter</i> may be said of individual contests. To +<i>beset</i> is to set around, or, so to speak, to stud one's path, with +menaces, attacks, or persuasions. To <i>besiege</i> and <i>beleaguer</i> are<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +the acts of armies. To <i>encounter</i> is to meet face to face, and may +be said either of the <i>attacking</i> or of the resisting force or person, +or of both.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>cover,</td><td>protect,</td><td>shelter,</td><td>support,</td><td>uphold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>befriend,</td><td>defend,</td><td>resist,</td><td>shield,</td><td>sustain,</td><td>withstand.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We were attacked <i>by</i> the enemy <i>with</i> cannon and musketry.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ATTACK, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggression,</td><td>incursion,</td><td>invasion,</td><td>onslaught,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assault,</td><td>infringement,</td><td>onset,</td><td>trespass.</td></tr> +<tr><td>encroachment,</td><td colspan="3">intrusion,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>attack</i> may be by word; an <i>aggression</i> is always by deed. +An <i>assault</i> may be upon the person, an <i>aggression</i> is upon rights, +possessions, etc. An <i>invasion</i> of a nation's territories is an act of +<i>aggression</i>; an <i>intrusion</i> upon a neighboring estate is a <i>trespass</i>. +<i>Onslaught</i> signifies intensely violent <i>assault</i>, as by an army or a +desperado, tho it is sometimes used of violent speech.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>defense,</td><td>repulsion,</td><td>resistance,</td><td>retreat,</td><td>submission,</td><td>surrender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The enemy made an attack <i>upon</i> (or <i>on</i>) our works.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ATTAIN" id="ATTAIN"></a>ATTAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplish,</td><td>arrive at,</td><td>gain,</td><td>master,</td><td>reach,</td></tr> +<tr><td>achieve,</td><td>compass,</td><td>get,</td><td>obtain,</td><td>secure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquire,</td><td>earn,</td><td>grasp,</td><td>procure,</td><td>win.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person may <i>obtain</i> a situation by the intercession of friends, +he <i>procures</i> a dinner by paying for it. <i>Attain</i> is a lofty word, +pointing to some high or desirable result; a man <i>attains</i> the +mountain summit, he <i>attains</i> honor or learning as the result of +strenuous and earnest labor. Even that usage of <i>attain</i> which +has been thought to refer to mere progress of time carries the +thought of a result desired; as, to <i>attain</i> to old age; the man +desires to live to a good old age; we should not speak of his <i>attaining</i> +his dotage. One may <i>attain</i> an object that will prove not +worth his labor, but what he <i>achieves</i> is in itself great and splendid; +as, the Greeks at Marathon <i>achieved</i> a glorious victory. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#GET">GET</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REACH">REACH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>fail,</td><td>forfeit,</td><td>give up,</td><td>let go,</td><td>lose,</td><td>miss.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ATTITUDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>pose,</td><td>position,</td><td>posture.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Position</i> as applied to the arrangement or situation of the +human body or limbs may denote that which is conscious or unconscious, +of the living or the dead; but we do not speak of the <i>attitude</i>, +<i>pose</i>, or <i>posture</i> of a corpse; unless, in some rare case, we +might say the body was found in a sitting <i>posture</i>, where the +<i>posture</i> is thought of as assumed in life, or as, at first glance, +suggesting life. A <i>posture</i> is assumed without any special reference +to expression of feeling; as, an erect <i>posture</i>, a reclining +<i>posture</i>; <i>attitude</i> is the <i>position</i> appropriate to the expression of +some feeling; the <i>attitude</i> may be unconsciously taken through +the strength of the feeling; as, an <i>attitude</i> of defiance; or it may +be consciously assumed in the attempt to express the feeling; as, +he assumed an <i>attitude</i> of humility. A <i>pose</i> is a <i>position</i> studied +for artistic effect, or considered with reference to such effect; the +unconscious <i>posture</i> of a spectator or listener may be an admirable +<i>pose</i> from an artist's standpoint.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ATTRIBUTE, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ascribe,</td><td>associate,</td><td>connect,</td><td>impute,</td><td>refer.</td></tr> +<tr><td>assign,</td><td colspan="4">charge,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We may <i>attribute</i> to a person either that which belongs to +him or that which we merely suppose to be his. We <i>attribute</i> to +God infinite power. We may <i>attribute</i> a wrong intent to an innocent +person. We may <i>attribute</i> a result, rightly or wrongly, to +a certain cause; in such case, however, <i>attribute</i> carries always a +concession of uncertainty or possible error. Where we are quite +sure, we simply <i>refer</i> a matter to the cause or class to which it belongs +or <i>ascribe</i> to one what is surely his, etc. Many diseases +formerly <i>attributed</i> to witchcraft are now <i>referred</i> to the action +of micro-organisms. We may <i>attribute</i> a matter in silent thought; +we <i>ascribe</i> anything openly in speech or writing; King Saul said +of the singing women, "They have <i>ascribed</i> unto David ten +thousands, and to me they have <i>ascribed</i> but thousands." We <i>associate</i> +things which may have no necessary or causal relation; +as, we may <i>associate</i> the striking of a clock with the serving of +dinner, tho the two are not necessarily connected. We <i>charge</i> +a person with what we deem blameworthy. We may <i>impute</i> good +or evil, but more commonly evil.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deny,</td><td>disconnect,</td><td>dissociate,</td><td>separate,</td><td>sever,</td><td>sunder.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>It is uncharitable to attribute evil motives <i>to</i> (archaic <i>unto</i>) +others.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ATTRIBUTE_n" id="ATTRIBUTE_n"></a>ATTRIBUTE, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>property,</td><td>quality.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>quality</i> (L. <i>qualis</i>, such)—the "suchness" of anything, according +to the German idiom—denotes what a thing really is in +some one respect; an <i>attribute</i> is what we conceive a thing to be in +some one respect; thus, while <i>attribute</i> may, <i>quality</i> must, express +something of the real nature of that to which it is ascribed; +we speak of the <i>attributes</i> of God, the <i>qualities</i> of matter. "Originally +'the <i>attributes</i> of God' was preferred, probably, because +men assumed no knowledge of the actual <i>qualities</i> of the Deity, +but only of those more or less fitly attributed to him." J. A. H. +<span class="smc">Murray</span>. [<span class="smcl">M.</span>] Holiness is an <i>attribute</i> of God; the <i>attributes</i> of +many heathen deities have been only the <i>qualities</i> of wicked men +joined to superhuman power. A <i>property</i> (L. <i>proprius</i>, one's +own) is what belongs especially to one thing as its own peculiar +possession, in distinction from all other things; when we speak of +the <i>qualities</i> or the <i>properties</i> of matter, <i>quality</i> is the more general, +<i>property</i> the more limited term. A <i>quality</i> is inherent; a +<i>property</i> may be transient; physicists now, however, prefer to +term those <i>qualities</i> manifested by all bodies (such as impenetrability, +extension, etc.), <i>general properties</i> of matter, while those +peculiar to certain substances or to certain states of those substances +(as fluidity, malleability, etc.) are termed <i>specific properties</i>; +in this wider use of the word <i>property</i>, it becomes strictly +synonymous with <i>quality</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARACTERISTIC">CHARACTERISTIC</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EMBLEM">EMBLEM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>being,</td><td>essence,</td><td>nature,</td><td>substance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AUGUR" id="AUGUR"></a>AUGUR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>betoken,</td><td>divine,</td><td>foretell,</td><td>predict,</td><td>prognosticate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bode,</td><td>forebode,</td><td>portend,</td><td>presage,</td><td>prophesy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>"Persons or things <i>augur</i>; persons only <i>forebode</i> or <i>presage</i>; +things only <i>betoken</i> or <i>portend</i>." <span class="smc">Crabb</span> <i>English Synonymes</i>. We +<i>augur</i> well for a voyage from past good fortune and a good start; +we <i>presage</i> success from the stanchness of the ship and the skill<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +of the captain. We <i>forebode</i> misfortune either from circumstances +that <i>betoken</i> failure, or from gloomy fancies for which we could +not give a reason. Dissipation among the officers and mutiny +among the crew <i>portend</i> disaster. <i>Divine</i> has reference to the +ancient soothsayers' arts (as in <i>Gen.</i> xliv, 5, 15), and refers rather +to reading hearts than to reading the future. We say I could not +<i>divine</i> his motive, or his intention.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assure,</td><td>demonstrate,</td><td>establish,</td><td>make sure,</td><td>settle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calculate,</td><td>determine,</td><td>insure,</td><td>prove,</td><td>warrant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>I augur <i>from</i> all circumstances a prosperous result; I augur ill +<i>of</i> the enterprise; "augurs ill <i>to</i> the rights of the people," <span class="smc">Thomas +Jefferson</span> <i>Writings</i> vol. ii, p. 506. [<span class="smcl">T. & M.</span> '53.] I augur well, or +this augurs well, <i>for</i> your cause.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AUTHENTIC" id="AUTHENTIC"></a>AUTHENTIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accepted,</td><td>certain,</td><td>original,</td><td>sure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accredited,</td><td>current,</td><td>real,</td><td>true,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authoritative,</td><td>genuine,</td><td>received,</td><td>trustworthy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authorized,</td><td>legitimate,</td><td>reliable,</td><td>veritable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>authentic</i> which is true to the facts; that is <i>genuine</i> +which is true to its own claims; as, <i>authentic</i> history; <i>genuine</i> +money.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>A '<i>genuine</i>' work is one written by the author whose name it bears; an '<i>authentic</i>' +work is one which relates truthfully the matters of which it treats. For example, the +apocryphal Gospel of St. Thomas is neither '<i>genuine</i>' nor '<i>authentic</i>.' It is not +'<i>genuine</i>,' for St. Thomas did not write it; it is not '<i>authentic</i>,' for its contents are +mainly fables and lies.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Trench</span> <i>On the Study of Words</i> lect. vi, p. 189. [<span class="smcl">W. J. W.</span>]</p></div> + +<p class="noin"><i>Authentic</i> is, however, used by reputable writers as synonymous +with <i>genuine</i>, tho usually where genuineness carries a certain +authority. We speak of <i>accepted</i> conclusions, <i>certain</i> evidence, +<i>current</i> money, <i>genuine</i> letters, a <i>legitimate</i> conclusion or <i>legitimate</i> +authority, <i>original</i> manuscripts, <i>real</i> value, <i>received</i> interpretation, +<i>sure</i> proof, a <i>true</i> statement, a <i>trustworthy</i> witness, a +<i>veritable</i> discovery.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apocryphal,</td><td>counterfeit,</td><td>exploded,</td><td>false,</td><td>spurious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>baseless,</td><td>disputed,</td><td>fabulous,</td><td>fictitious,</td><td>unauthorized.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AUXILIARY" id="AUXILIARY"></a>AUXILIARY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accessory,</td><td>ally,</td><td>coadjutor,</td><td>helper,</td><td>promoter,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>assistant,</td><td>confederate,</td><td>mercenary,</td><td>subordinate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>auxiliary</i> is a person or thing that helps in a subordinate<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +capacity. <i>Allies</i> unite as equals; <i>auxiliaries</i> are, at least technically, +inferiors or subordinates. Yet the <i>auxiliary</i> is more +than a mere <i>assistant</i>. The word is oftenest found in the +plural, and in the military sense; <i>auxiliaries</i> are troops of one +nation uniting with the armies, and acting under the orders, of +another. <i>Mercenaries</i> serve only for pay; <i>auxiliaries</i> often for +reasons of state, policy, or patriotism as well. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#APPENDAGE">APPENDAGE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antagonist,</td><td>hinderer,</td><td>opponent,</td><td>opposer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The auxiliaries <i>of</i> the Romans; an auxiliary <i>in</i> a good cause; +an auxiliary <i>to</i> learning.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AVARICIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>close,</td><td>greedy,</td><td>niggardly,</td><td>penurious,</td><td>sordid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>covetous,</td><td>miserly,</td><td>parsimonious,</td><td>rapacious,</td><td>stingy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Avaricious</i> and <i>covetous</i> refer especially to acquisition, <i>miserly</i>, +<i>niggardly</i>, <i>parsimonious</i>, and <i>penurious</i> to expenditure. The +<i>avaricious</i> man has an eager craving for money, and ordinarily +desires both to get and to keep, the <i>covetous</i> man to get something +away from its possessor; tho one may be made <i>avaricious</i> by +the pressure of great expenditures. <i>Miserly</i> and <i>niggardly</i> persons +seek to gain by mean and petty savings; the <i>miserly</i> by stinting +themselves, the <i>niggardly</i> by stinting others. <i>Parsimonious</i> +and <i>penurious</i> may apply to one's outlay either for himself or for +others; in the latter use, they are somewhat less harsh and +reproachful terms than <i>niggardly</i>. The <i>close</i> man holds like a +vise all that he gets. <i>Near</i> and <i>nigh</i> are provincial words of similar +import. The <i>rapacious</i> have the robber instinct, and put it in +practise in some form, as far as they dare. The <i>avaricious</i> and +<i>rapacious</i> are ready to reach out for gain; the <i>parsimonious</i>, +<i>miserly</i>, and <i>niggardly</i> prefer the safer and less adventurous way +of avoiding expenditure. <i>Greedy</i> and <i>stingy</i> are used not only +of money, but often of other things, as food, etc. The <i>greedy</i> +child wishes to enjoy everything himself; the <i>stingy</i> child, to +keep others from getting it.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bountiful,</td><td>free,</td><td>generous,</td><td>liberal,</td><td>munificent,</td><td>prodigal,</td><td>wasteful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The monarch was avaricious <i>of</i> power.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="AVENGE" id="AVENGE"></a>AVENGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>punish,</td><td>retaliate,</td><td>revenge,</td><td>vindicate,</td><td>visit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Avenge</i> and <i>revenge</i>, once close synonyms, are now far apart in +meaning. To <i>avenge</i> is to <i>visit</i> some offense with punishment, in +order to <i>vindicate</i> the righteous, or to uphold and illustrate the +right by the suffering or destruction of the wicked. "And seeing +one of them suffer wrong, he <i>avenged</i> him that was oppressed, +and smote the Egyptian," <i>Acts</i> vii, 24. To <i>revenge</i> is to inflict +harm or suffering upon another through personal anger and resentment +at something done to ourselves. <i>Avenge</i> is unselfish; <i>revenge</i> +is selfish. <i>Revenge</i>, according to present usage, could not be said +of God. To <i>retaliate</i> may be necessary for self-defense, without +the idea of <i>revenge</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#REVENGE">REVENGE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Avenge <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> (rarely, avenge oneself <i>of</i>) a wrong-doer.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AVOW" id="AVOW"></a>AVOW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>knowledge,</td><td>aver,</td><td>confess,</td><td>own,</td><td>profess,</td><td>testify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>admit,</td><td>avouch,</td><td>declare,</td><td>proclaim,</td><td>protest,</td><td>witness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Acknowledge</i>, <i>admit</i>, and <i>declare</i> refer either to oneself or to +others; all the other words refer only to one's own knowledge or +action. To <i>avow</i> is to declare boldly and openly, commonly as +something one is ready to justify, maintain, or defend. A man +<i>acknowledges</i> another's claim or his own promise; he <i>admits</i> an +opponent's advantage or his own error; he <i>declares</i> either what he +has seen or experienced or what he has received from another; he +<i>avers</i> what he is sure of from his own knowledge or consciousness; +he gives his assurance as the voucher for what he <i>avouches</i>; +he <i>avows</i> openly a belief or intention that he has silently held. +<i>Avow</i> and <i>avouch</i> take a direct object; <i>aver</i> is followed by a conjunction: +a man <i>avows</i> his faith, <i>avouches</i> a deed, <i>avers</i> that he +was present. <i>Avow</i> has usually a good sense; what a person +<i>avows</i> he at least does not treat as blameworthy, criminal, or +shameful; if he did, he would be said to <i>confess</i> it; yet there is +always the suggestion that some will be ready to challenge or censure +what one <i>avows</i>; as, the clergyman <i>avowed</i> his dissent from +the doctrine of his church. <i>Own</i> applies to all things, good or bad, +great or small, which one takes as his own. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONFESS">CONFESS</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#STATE">STATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contradict,</td><td>deny,</td><td>disavow,</td><td>disclaim,</td><td>disown,</td><td>ignore,</td><td>repudiate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p> + +<h3>AWFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alarming,</td><td>direful,</td><td>frightful,</td><td>majestic,</td><td>solemn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appalling,</td><td>dread,</td><td>grand,</td><td>noble,</td><td>stately,</td></tr> +<tr><td>august,</td><td>dreadful,</td><td>horrible,</td><td>portentous,</td><td>terrible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dire,</td><td>fearful,</td><td>imposing,</td><td>shocking,</td><td>terrific.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Awful</i> should not be used of things which are merely disagreeable +or annoying, nor of all that are <i>alarming</i> and <i>terrible</i>, but +only of such as bring a solemn awe upon the soul, as in the presence +of a superior power; as, the <i>awful</i> hush before the battle. +That which is <i>awful</i> arouses an oppressive, that which is <i>august</i> +an admiring reverence; we speak of the <i>august</i> presence of a +mighty monarch, the <i>awful</i> presence of death. We speak of an +<i>exalted</i> station, a <i>grand</i> mountain, an <i>imposing</i> presence, a <i>majestic</i> +cathedral, a <i>noble</i> mien, a <i>solemn</i> litany, a <i>stately</i> march, an +<i>august</i> assembly, the <i>awful</i> scene of the Judgment Day.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>base,</td><td>contemptible,</td><td>inferior,</td><td>paltry,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beggarly,</td><td>despicable,</td><td>lowly,</td><td>undignified,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commonplace,</td><td>humble,</td><td>mean,</td><td>vulgar.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="AWKWARD" id="AWKWARD"></a>AWKWARD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>boorish,</td><td>clumsy,</td><td>rough,</td><td>unhandy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bungling,</td><td>gawky,</td><td>uncouth,</td><td rowspan="2">unskilful.</td></tr> +<tr><td>clownish,</td><td>maladroit,</td><td>ungainly,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Awkward</i>, from <i>awk</i> (kindred with <i>off</i>, from the Norwegian), +is <i>off-ward</i>, turned the wrong way; it was anciently used of a +back-handed or left-handed blow in battle, of squinting eyes, etc. +<i>Clumsy</i>, on the other hand (from <i>clumse</i>, also through the Norwegian), +signifies benumbed, stiffened with cold; this is the original +meaning of <i>clumsy</i> fingers, <i>clumsy</i> limbs. Thus, <i>awkward</i> primarily +refers to action, <i>clumsy</i> to condition. A tool, a vehicle, or +the human frame may be <i>clumsy</i> in shape or build, <i>awkward</i> in +motion. The <i>clumsy</i> man is almost of necessity <i>awkward</i>, but +the <i>awkward</i> man may not be naturally <i>clumsy</i>. The finest untrained +colt is <i>awkward</i> in harness; a horse that is <i>clumsy</i> in build +can never be trained out of awkwardness. An <i>awkward</i> statement +has an uncomfortable, and perhaps recoiling force; a statement +that contains ill-assorted and incongruous material in ill-chosen +language is <i>clumsy</i>. We speak of an <i>awkward</i> predicament, +an <i>awkward</i> scrape. An <i>awkward</i> excuse commonly reflects +on the one who offers it. We say the admitted facts have an<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +<i>awkward</i> appearance. In none of these cases could <i>clumsy</i> be +used. <i>Clumsy</i> is, however, applied to movements that seem as +unsuitable as those of benumbed and stiffened limbs. A dancing +bear is both <i>clumsy</i> and <i>awkward</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adroit,</td><td>clever,</td><td>dexterous,</td><td>handy,</td><td>skilful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The raw recruit is awkward <i>in</i> action; <i>at</i> the business.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>AXIOM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>truism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Both the <i>axiom</i> and the <i>truism</i> are instantly seen to be true, +and need no proof; but in an <i>axiom</i> there is progress of thought, +while the <i>truism</i> simply says the same thing over again, or says +what is too manifest to need saying. The <i>axiom</i> that "things +which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another" +unfolds in the latter part of the sentence the truth implied in the +first part, which might have been overlooked if not stated. In the +<i>truism</i> that "a man can do all he is capable of," the former and +the latter part of the sentence are simply identical, and the mind +is left just where it started. Hence the <i>axiom</i> is valuable and +useful, while the <i>truism</i> is weak and flat, unless the form of statement +makes it striking or racy, as "all fools are out of their wits." +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PROVERB">PROVERB</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absurdity,</td><td>contradiction,</td><td>demonstration,</td><td>nonsense,</td><td>paradox,</td><td>sophism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BABBLE" id="BABBLE"></a>BABBLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blab,</td><td>cackle,</td><td>gabble,</td><td>murmur,</td><td>prattle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blurt,</td><td>chat,</td><td>gossip,</td><td>palaver,</td><td>tattle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blurt out,</td><td>chatter,</td><td>jabber,</td><td>prate,</td><td>twaddle.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Most of these words are onomatopoetic. The <i>cackle</i> of a hen, +the <i>gabble</i> of a goose, the <i>chatter</i> of a magpie, the <i>babble</i> of a +running stream, as applied to human speech, indicate a rapid succession +of what are to the listener meaningless sounds. <i>Blab</i> and +<i>blurt</i> (commonly <i>blurt out</i>) refer to the letting out of what the +lips can no longer keep in; <i>blab</i>, of a secret; <i>blurt out</i>, of passionate +feeling. To <i>chat</i> is to talk in an easy, pleasant way, not +without sense, but without special purpose. <i>Chatting</i> is the practise +of adults, <i>prattling</i> that of children. To <i>prate</i> is to talk idly,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +presumptuously, or foolishly, but not necessarily incoherently. +To <i>jabber</i> is to utter a rapid succession of unintelligible sounds, +generally more noisy than <i>chattering</i>. To <i>gossip</i> is to talk of petty +personal matters, as for pastime or mischief. To <i>twaddle</i> is to +talk feeble nonsense. To <i>murmur</i> is to utter suppressed or even +inarticulate sounds, suggesting the notes of a dove, or the sound +of a running stream, and is used figuratively of the half suppressed +utterances of affection or pity, or of complaint, resentment, +etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SPEAK">SPEAK</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Babies babble <i>for</i> the moon; the crowd babbles <i>of</i> a hero; the +sick man babbles <i>of</i> home.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BANISH" id="BANISH"></a>BANISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ban,</td><td>dismiss,</td><td>evict,</td><td>expatriate,</td><td>ostracize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discharge,</td><td>drive out,</td><td>exile,</td><td>expel,</td><td>oust.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dislodge,</td><td colspan="4">eject,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Banish</i>, primarily to put under <i>ban</i>, to compel by authority +to leave a place or country, perhaps with restriction to some +other place or country. From a country, a person may be +<i>banished</i>, <i>exiled</i>, or <i>expatriated</i>; <i>banished</i> from any country +where he may happen to be, but <i>expatriated</i> or <i>exiled</i> only from +his own. One may <i>expatriate</i> or <i>exile</i> himself; he is <i>banished</i> +by others. <i>Banish</i> is a word of wide import; one may <i>banish</i> +disturbing thoughts; care may <i>banish</i> sleep. To <i>expel</i> is to <i>drive +out</i> with violence or rudeness, and so often with disgrace.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Cataline was banished <i>from</i> Rome; John the Apostle was +banished <i>to</i> Patmos.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BANK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beach,</td><td>bound,</td><td>brink,</td><td>edge,</td><td>margin,</td><td>shore,</td></tr> +<tr><td>border,</td><td>brim,</td><td>coast,</td><td>marge,</td><td>rim,</td><td>strand.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bank</i> is a general term for the land along the edge of a water +course; it may also denote a raised portion of the bed of a river, +lake, or ocean; as, the <i>Banks</i> of Newfoundland. A <i>beach</i> is a +strip or expanse of incoherent wave-worn sand, which is often +pebbly or full of boulders; we speak of the <i>beach</i> of a lake or +ocean; a <i>beach</i> is sometimes found in the bend of a river. <i>Strand</i> +is a more poetic term for a wave-washed shore, especially as a +place for landing or embarking; as, the keel grates on the <i>strand</i>.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +The whole line of a country or continent that borders the sea is a +<i>coast</i>. <i>Shore</i> is any land, whether cliff, or sand, or marsh, bordering +water. We do not speak of the <i>coast</i> of a river, nor of the +<i>banks</i> of the ocean, tho there may be <i>banks</i> by or under the +sea. <i>Edge</i> is the line where land and water meet; as, the water's +<i>edge</i>. <i>Brink</i> is the place from which one may fall; as, the +river's <i>brink</i>; the <i>brink</i> of a precipice; the <i>brink</i> of ruin.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BANTER" id="BANTER"></a>BANTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>badinage,</td><td>derision,</td><td>jeering,</td><td>raillery,</td><td>sarcasm,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chaff,</td><td>irony,</td><td>mockery,</td><td>ridicule,</td><td>satire.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Banter</i> is the touching upon some fault, weakness, or fancied +secret of another in a way half to pique and half to please; <i>badinage</i> +is delicate, refined <i>banter</i>. <i>Raillery</i> has more sharpness, +but is usually good-humored and well meant. <i>Irony</i>, the saying +one thing that the reverse may be understood, may be either mild +or bitter. All the other words have a hostile intent. <i>Ridicule</i> +makes a person or thing the subject of contemptuous merriment; +<i>derision</i> seeks to make the object derided seem utterly despicable—to +laugh it to scorn. <i>Chaff</i> is the coarse witticism of the streets, +perhaps merry, oftener malicious; <i>jeering</i> is loud, rude <i>ridicule</i>, +as of a hostile crowd or mob. <i>Mockery</i> is more studied, and may +include mimicry and personal violence, as well as scornful speech. +A <i>satire</i> is a formal composition; a <i>sarcasm</i> may be an impromptu +sentence. The <i>satire</i> shows up follies to keep people from them; +the <i>sarcasm</i> hits them because they are foolish, without inquiring +whether it will do good or harm; the <i>satire</i> is plainly uttered; the +<i>sarcasm</i> is covert.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BARBAROUS" id="BARBAROUS"></a>BARBAROUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>atrocious,</td><td>brutal,</td><td>merciless,</td><td>uncivilized,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barbarian,</td><td>cruel,</td><td>rude,</td><td>uncouth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barbaric,</td><td>inhuman,</td><td>savage,</td><td>untamed.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Whatever is not civilized is <i>barbarian</i>; <i>barbaric</i> indicates rude +magnificence, uncultured richness; as, <i>barbaric</i> splendor, a <i>barbaric</i> +melody. <i>Barbarous</i> refers to the worst side of <i>barbarian</i> +life, and to revolting acts, especially of cruelty, such as a civilized +man would not be expected to do; as, a <i>barbarous</i> deed. We may, +however, say <i>barbarous</i> nations, <i>barbarous</i> tribes, without implying +anything more than want of civilization and culture. <i>Savage</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +is more distinctly bloodthirsty than <i>barbarous</i>. In this sense we +speak of a <i>savage</i> beast and of <i>barbarous</i> usage.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>civilized,</td><td>cultured,</td><td>elegant,</td><td>humane,</td><td>polite,</td><td>tender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>courtly,</td><td>delicate,</td><td>graceful,</td><td>nice,</td><td>refined,</td><td>urbane.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BARRIER" id="BARRIER"></a>BARRIER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bar,</td><td>bulwark,</td><td>obstruction,</td><td>rampart,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barricade,</td><td>hindrance,</td><td>parapet,</td><td>restraint,</td></tr> +<tr><td>breastwork,</td><td>obstacle,</td><td>prohibition,</td><td>restriction.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>bar</i> is something that is or may be firmly fixed, ordinarily +with intent to prevent entrance or egress; as, the <i>bars</i> of a prison +cell; the <i>bars</i> of a wood-lot. A <i>barrier</i> obstructs, but is not necessarily +impassable. <i>Barrier</i> is used of objects more extensive +than those to which <i>bar</i> is ordinarily applied. A mountain range +may be a <i>barrier</i> to exploration; but a mass of sand across the +entrance to a harbor is called a <i>bar</i>. Discovered falsehood is a +<i>bar</i> to confidence. <i>Barricade</i> has become practically a technical +name for an improvised street fortification, and, unless in some +way modified, is usually so understood. A <i>parapet</i> is a low or +breast-high wall, as about the edge of a roof, terrace, etc., especially, +in military use, such a wall for the protection of troops; a +<i>rampart</i> is the embankment surrounding a fort, on which the +<i>parapet</i> is raised; the word <i>rampart</i> is often used as including +the <i>parapet</i>. <i>Bulwark</i> is a general word for any defensive wall +or <i>rampart</i>; its only technical use at present is in nautical language, +where it signifies the raised side of a ship above the upper +deck, topped by the rail. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BOUNDARY">BOUNDARY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMPEDIMENT">IMPEDIMENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admittance,</td><td>opening,</td><td>road,</td><td>transit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>entrance,</td><td>passage,</td><td>thoroughfare,</td><td>way.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A barrier <i>to</i> progress, <i>against</i> invasion; a barrier <i>between</i> +nations.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BATTLE" id="BATTLE"></a>BATTLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>combat,</td><td>encounter,</td><td>passage of arms,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affair,</td><td>conflict,</td><td>engagement,</td><td>skirmish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bout,</td><td>contest,</td><td>fight,</td><td>strife.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Conflict</i> is a general word which describes opponents, whether +individuals or hosts, as dashed together. One continuous <i>conflict</i> +between entire armies is a <i>battle</i>. Another <i>battle</i> may be fought +upon the same field after a considerable interval; or a new <i>battle</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +may follow immediately, the armies meeting upon a new field. +An <i>action</i> is brief and partial; a <i>battle</i> may last for days. <i>Engagement</i> +is a somewhat formal expression for <i>battle</i>; as, it was +the commander's purpose to avoid a general <i>engagement</i>. A protracted +war, including many <i>battles</i>, may be a stubborn <i>contest</i>. +<i>Combat</i>, originally a hostile <i>encounter</i> between individuals, is +now used also for extensive <i>engagements</i>. A <i>skirmish</i> is between +small detachments or scattered troops. An <i>encounter</i> may be +either purposed or accidental, between individuals or armed forces. +<i>Fight</i> is a word of less dignity than <i>battle</i>; we should not ordinarily +speak of Waterloo as a <i>fight</i>, unless where the word is used +in the sense of fighting; as, I was in the thick of the <i>fight</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>armistice,</td><td>concord,</td><td>peace,</td><td>suspension of hostilities,</td><td>truce.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A battle <i>of</i> giants; battle <i>between</i> armies; a battle <i>for</i> life, +<i>against</i> invaders; a battle <i>to</i> the death; the battle <i>of</i> (more rarely +<i>at</i>) Marathon.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BEAT" id="BEAT"></a>BEAT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bastinado,</td><td>chastise,</td><td>overcome,</td><td>spank,</td><td>thrash,</td></tr> +<tr><td>batter,</td><td>conquer,</td><td>pommel,</td><td>strike,</td><td>vanquish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>belabor,</td><td>cudgel,</td><td>pound,</td><td>surpass,</td><td>whip,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bruise,</td><td>defeat,</td><td>scourge,</td><td>switch,</td><td>worst.</td></tr> +<tr><td>castigate,</td><td>flog,</td><td colspan="3">smite,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Strike</i> is the word for a single blow; to <i>beat</i> is to <i>strike</i> repeatedly, +as a bird <i>beats</i> the air with its wings. Others of the above +words describe the manner of <i>beating</i>, as <i>bastinado</i>, to <i>beat</i> on +the soles of the feet; <i>belabor</i>, to inflict a comprehensive and exhaustive +<i>beating</i>; <i>cudgel</i>, to <i>beat</i> with a stick; <i>thrash</i>, as wheat +was <i>beaten</i> out with the old hand-flail; to <i>pound</i> (akin to L. <i>pondus</i>, +a weight) is to <i>beat</i> with a heavy, and <i>pommel</i> with a blunt, +instrument. To <i>batter</i> and to <i>bruise</i> refer to the results of <i>beating</i>; +that is <i>battered</i> which is broken or defaced by repeated blows +on the surface (compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#SHATTER">SHATTER</a></span>); that is <i>bruised</i> +which has suffered even one severe contusion. The metaphorical +sense of <i>beat</i>, however, so far preponderates that one may be very +badly <i>bruised</i> and <i>battered</i>, and yet not be said to be <i>beaten</i>, unless +he has got the worst of the <i>beating</i>. To <i>beat</i> a combatant is +to disable or dishearten him for further fighting. Hence <i>beat</i> becomes<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> +the synonym for every word which implies getting the advantage +of another. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONQUER">CONQUER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fail,</td><td>fall,</td><td>get the worst of,</td><td>go down,</td><td>go under,</td><td>surrender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Almost all antonyms in this class are passive, and can be formed +indefinitely from the conquering words by the use of the auxiliary +<i>be</i>; as, be beaten, be defeated, be conquered, etc.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Beat <i>with</i> a stick <i>over</i> the head; beat <i>by</i> a trick; <i>out of</i> town; +beat <i>to</i> the ground; <i>into</i> submission.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BEAUTIFUL" id="BEAUTIFUL"></a>BEAUTIFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attractive,</td><td>charming,</td><td>exquisite,</td><td>handsome,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beauteous,</td><td>comely,</td><td>fair,</td><td>lovely,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bewitching,</td><td>delightful,</td><td>fine,</td><td>picturesque,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bonny,</td><td>elegant,</td><td>graceful,</td><td>pretty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The definition of beauty, "perfection of form," is a good key +to the meaning of <i>beautiful</i>, if we understand "form" in its widest +sense. There must also be harmony and unity, and in human beings +spiritual loveliness, to constitute an object or a person really +<i>beautiful</i>. Thus, we speak of a <i>beautiful</i> landscape, a <i>beautiful</i> +poem. But <i>beautiful</i> implies also, in concrete objects, softness of +outline and delicacy of mold; it is opposed to all that is hard and +rugged, hence we say a <i>beautiful</i> woman, but not a <i>beautiful</i> man. +<i>Beautiful</i> has the further limit of not transcending our powers of +appreciation. <i>Pretty</i> expresses in a far less degree that which is +pleasing to a refined taste in objects comparatively small, slight, +and dainty; as, a <i>pretty</i> bonnet; a <i>pretty</i> girl. That is <i>handsome</i> +which is not only superficially pleasing, but well and harmoniously +proportioned, with usually the added idea that it is made so by +art, breeding, or training; as, a <i>handsome</i> horse; a <i>handsome</i> +house. <i>Handsome</i> is a term far inferior to <i>beautiful</i>; we may +even say a <i>handsome</i> villain. <i>Fair</i> denotes what is bright, smooth, +clear, and without blemish; as, a <i>fair</i> face. The word applies +wholly to what is superficial; we can say "<i>fair</i>, yet false." In a +specific sense, <i>fair</i> has the sense of blond, as opposed to dark or brunette. +One who possesses vivacity, wit, good nature, or other +pleasing qualities may be <i>attractive</i> without beauty. <i>Comely</i> denotes +an aspect that is smooth, genial, and wholesome, with a certain +fulness of contour and pleasing symmetry, tho falling<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +short of the <i>beautiful</i>; as, a <i>comely</i> matron. That is <i>picturesque</i> +which would make a striking picture.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>frightful,</td><td>grotesque,</td><td>repulsive,</td><td>uncouth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clumsy,</td><td>ghastly,</td><td>hideous,</td><td>shocking,</td><td>ungainly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deformed,</td><td>grim,</td><td>horrid,</td><td>ugly,</td><td>unlovely,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disgusting,</td><td>grisly,</td><td>odious,</td><td>unattractive,</td><td>unpleasant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Beautiful <i>to</i> the eye; beautiful <i>in</i> appearance, <i>in</i> spirit; +"beautiful <i>for</i> situation," <i>Ps.</i> xlviii, 2; beautiful <i>of</i> aspect, <i>of</i> its +kind.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BECAUSE" id="BECAUSE"></a>BECAUSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>as,</td><td>for,</td><td>inasmuch as,</td><td>since.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Because</i>, literally <i>by</i>-cause, is the most direct and complete +word for giving the reason of a thing. <i>Since</i>, originally denoting +succession in time, signifies a succession in a chain of reasoning, a +natural inference or result. <i>As</i> indicates something like, coordinate, +parallel. <i>Since</i> is weaker than <i>because</i>; <i>as</i> is weaker than +<i>since</i>; either may introduce the reason before the main statement; +thus, <i>since</i> or <i>as</i> you are going, I will accompany you. +Often the weaker word is the more courteous, implying less constraint; +for example, <i>as</i> you request it, I will come, rather than I +will come <i>because</i> you request it. <i>Inasmuch as</i> is a formal and +qualified expression, implying by just so much, and no more; +thus, <i>inasmuch as</i> the debtor has no property, I abandon the +claim. <i>For</i> is a loose connective, giving often mere suggestion or +indication rather than reason or cause; as, it is morning, <i>for</i> (not +<i>because</i>) the birds are singing.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>altho,</td><td>however,</td><td>nevertheless,</td><td>notwithstanding,</td><td>yet.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUT">BUT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#NOTWITHSTANDING_conj">NOTWITHSTANDING</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BECOMING" id="BECOMING"></a>BECOMING.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>befitting,</td><td>congruous,</td><td>fit,</td><td>meet,</td><td>seemly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beseeming,</td><td>decent,</td><td>fitting,</td><td>neat,</td><td>suitable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comely,</td><td>decorous,</td><td>graceful,</td><td>proper,</td><td>worthy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>becoming</i> in dress which suits the complexion, figure, +and other qualities of the wearer, so as to produce on the whole a +pleasing effect. That is <i>decent</i> which does not offend modesty or +propriety. That is <i>suitable</i> which is adapted to the age, station, +situation, and other circumstances of the wearer; coarse, heavy<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +boots are <i>suitable</i> for farm-work; a juvenile style of dress is not +<i>suitable</i> for an old lady. In conduct much the same rules apply. +The dignity and gravity of a patriarch would not be <i>becoming</i> to +a child; at a funeral lively, cheery sociability would not be <i>decorous</i>, +while noisy hilarity would not be <i>decent</i>; sumptuous display +would not be <i>suitable</i> for a poor person. <i>Fit</i> is a compendious +term for whatever fits the person, time, place, occasion, etc.; as, +a <i>fit</i> person; a <i>fit</i> abode; a <i>fit</i> place. <i>Fitting</i>, or <i>befitting</i>, is somewhat +more elegant, implying a nicer adaptation. <i>Meet</i>, a somewhat +archaic word, expresses a moral fitness; as, <i>meet</i> for +heaven. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>ill-fitting,</td><td>indecent,</td><td>unbecoming,</td><td>unseemly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ill-becoming,</td><td>improper,</td><td>indecorous,</td><td>unfit,</td><td>unsuitable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The dress was becoming <i>to</i> the wearer. Such conduct was becoming +<i>in</i> him.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BEGINNING" id="BEGINNING"></a>BEGINNING.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arising,</td><td>inauguration,</td><td>origin,</td><td>source,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commencement,</td><td>inception,</td><td>outset,</td><td>spring,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fount,</td><td>initiation,</td><td>rise,</td><td>start.</td></tr> +<tr><td>fountain,</td><td colspan="3">opening,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The Latin <i>commencement</i> is more formal than the Saxon <i>beginning</i>, +as the verb <i>commence</i>, is more formal than <i>begin</i>. <i>Commencement</i> +is for the most part restricted to some form of action, +while <i>beginning</i> has no restriction, but may be applied to action, +state, material, extent, enumeration, or to whatever else may be +conceived of as having a first part, point, degree, etc. The letter +A is at the <i>beginning</i> (not the <i>commencement</i>) of every alphabet. +If we were to speak of the <i>commencement</i> of the Pacific Railroad, +we should be understood to refer to the enterprise and its initiatory +act; if we were to refer to the roadway we should say "Here is +the <i>beginning</i> of the Pacific Railroad." In the great majority of +cases <i>begin</i> and <i>beginning</i> are preferable to <i>commence</i> and <i>commencement</i> +as the simple, idiomatic English words, always accurate +and expressive. "In the <i>beginning</i> was the word," <i>John</i> i, 1. An +<i>origin</i> is the point from which something starts or sets out, often +involving, and always suggesting causal connection; as, the <i>origin</i> +of evil; the <i>origin</i> of a nation, a government, or a family. A +<i>source</i> is that which furnishes a first and continuous supply, that +which flows forth freely or may be readily recurred to; as, the +<i>source</i> of a river; a <i>source</i> of knowledge; a <i>source</i> of inspiration;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +fertile land is a <i>source</i> (not an <i>origin</i>) of wealth. A <i>rise</i> is thought +of as in an action; we say that a lake is the <i>source</i> of a certain +river, or that the river takes its <i>rise</i> from the lake. Motley wrote +of "The <i>Rise</i> of the Dutch Republic." <i>Fount</i>, <i>fountain</i>, and +<i>spring</i>, in their figurative senses, keep close to their literal meaning. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#END_n">END</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BEHAVIOR" id="BEHAVIOR"></a>BEHAVIOR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>breeding,</td><td>conduct,</td><td>deportment,</td><td>manner,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bearing,</td><td>carriage,</td><td>demeanor,</td><td>life,</td><td>manners.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Behavior</i> is our <i>action</i> in the presence of others; <i>conduct</i> includes +also that which is known only to ourselves and our Maker. +<i>Carriage</i> expresses simply the manner of holding the body, especially +in sitting or walking, as when it is said of a lady "she has a +fine <i>carriage</i>." <i>Bearing</i> refers to the bodily expression of feeling +or disposition; as, a haughty <i>bearing</i>; a noble <i>bearing</i>. <i>Demeanor</i> +is the bodily expression, not only of feelings, but of moral states; +as, a devout <i>demeanor</i>. <i>Breeding</i>, unless with some adverse limitation, +denotes that <i>manner</i> and <i>conduct</i> which result from good +birth and training. <i>Deportment</i> is <i>behavior</i> as related to a set of +rules; as, the pupil's <i>deportment</i> was faultless. A person's <i>manner</i> +may be that of a moment, or toward a single person; his <i>manners</i> +are his habitual style of <i>behavior</i> toward or before others, +especially in matters of etiquette and politeness; as, good <i>manners</i> +are always pleasing.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The behavior <i>of</i> the pastor <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i> his people, <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> +the streets, <i>before</i> the multitude, or <i>in</i> the church, <i>with</i> the godly, +or <i>with</i> the worldly, was alike faultless.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BEND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bias,</td><td>curve,</td><td>diverge,</td><td>mold,</td><td>submit,</td><td>twist,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bow,</td><td>deflect,</td><td>incline,</td><td>persuade,</td><td>turn,</td><td>warp,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crook,</td><td>deviate,</td><td>influence,</td><td>stoop,</td><td>twine,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In some cases a thing is spoken of as <i>bent</i> where the parts +make an angle; but oftener to <i>bend</i> is understood to be to draw +to or through a curve; as, to <i>bend</i> a bow. To <i>submit</i> or <i>yield</i> is to +<i>bend</i> the mind humbly to another's wishes. To <i>incline</i> or <i>influence</i> +is to <i>bend</i> another's wishes toward our own; to <i>persuade</i> is to<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +draw them quite over. To <i>warp</i> is to <i>bend</i> silently through the +whole fiber, as a board in the sun. To <i>crook</i> is to <i>bend</i> irregularly, +as a <i>crooked</i> stick. <i>Deflect</i>, <i>deviate</i>, and <i>diverge</i> are said of +any turning away; <i>deviate</i> commonly of a slight and gradual +movement, <i>diverge</i> of a more sharp and decided one. To <i>bias</i> is +to cut across the texture, or incline to one side; in figurative use +always with an unfavorable import. <i>Mold</i> is a stronger work +than <i>bend</i>; we may <i>bend</i> by a superior force that which still resists +the constraint; as, a <i>bent</i> bow; we <i>mold</i> something plastic +entirely to some desired form.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BENEVOLENCE" id="BENEVOLENCE"></a>BENEVOLENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>almsgiving,</td><td>charity,</td><td>kind-heartedness,</td><td>munificence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beneficence,</td><td>generosity,</td><td>kindliness,</td><td>philanthropy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benignity,</td><td>good-will,</td><td>kindness,</td><td>sympathy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bounty,</td><td>humanity,</td><td>liberality,</td><td>unselfishness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>According to the etymology and original usage, <i>beneficence</i> is +the doing well, <i>benevolence</i> the wishing or willing well to others; +but <i>benevolence</i> has come to include <i>beneficence</i>, and to displace +it. We should not now speak of <i>benevolence</i> which did not help, +unless where there was no power to help; even then we should +rather say <i>good-will</i> or <i>sympathy</i>. <i>Charity</i>, which originally +meant the purest love for God and man (as in <i>1 Cor.</i> xiii), is now +almost universally applied to some form of <i>almsgiving</i>, and is +much more limited in meaning than <i>benevolence</i>. <i>Benignity</i> suggests +some occult power of blessing, such as was formerly ascribed +to the stars; we may say a good man has an air of <i>benignity</i>. +<i>Kindness</i> and <i>tenderness</i> are personal; <i>benevolence</i> and <i>charity</i> +are general. <i>Kindness</i> extends to all sentient beings, whether men +or animals, in prosperity or in distress. <i>Tenderness</i> especially +goes out toward the young, feeble, and needy, or even to the dead. +<i>Humanity</i> is so much <i>kindness</i> and <i>tenderness</i> toward man or beast +as it would be inhuman not to have; we say of some act of care or +<i>kindness</i>, "common <i>humanity</i> requires it." <i>Generosity</i> is self-forgetful +<i>kindness</i> in disposition or action; it includes much besides +giving; as, the <i>generosity</i> of forgiveness. <i>Bounty</i> applies to +ample giving, which on a larger scale is expressed by <i>munificence</i>. +<i>Liberality</i> indicates broad, genial kindly views, whether manifested +in gifts or otherwise. We speak of the <i>bounty</i> of a generous +host, the <i>liberality</i> or <i>munificence</i> of the founder of a college, +or of the <i>liberality</i> of a theologian toward the holders of conflicting<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +beliefs. <i>Philanthropy</i> applies to wide schemes for human +welfare, often, but not always, involving large expenditures in +<i>charity</i> or <i>benevolence</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MERCY">MERCY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barbarity,</td><td>greediness,</td><td>ill-will,</td><td>malignity,</td><td>self-seeking,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brutality,</td><td>harshness,</td><td>inhumanity,</td><td>niggardliness,</td><td>stinginess,</td></tr> +<tr><td>churlishness,</td><td>illiberality,</td><td>malevolence,</td><td>selfishness,</td><td>unkindness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Benevolence <i>of</i>, <i>on the part of</i>, or <i>from</i> the wealthy, <i>to</i> or +<i>toward</i> the poor.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BIND" id="BIND"></a>BIND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compel,</td><td>fetter,</td><td>oblige,</td><td>restrict,</td><td>shackle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>engage,</td><td>fix,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>secure,</td><td>tie.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">fasten,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Binding</i> is primarily by something flexible, as a cord or bandage +drawn closely around an object or group of objects, as when +we <i>bind</i> up a wounded limb. We <i>bind</i> a sheaf of wheat with a +cord; we <i>tie</i> the cord in a knot; we <i>fasten</i> by any means that +will make things hold together, as a board by nails, or a door by a +lock. The verbs <i>tie</i> and <i>fasten</i> are scarcely used in the figurative +sense, tho, using the noun, we speak of the <i>ties</i> of affection. +<i>Bind</i> has an extensive figurative use. One is <i>bound</i> by conscience +or honor; he is <i>obliged</i> by some imperious necessity; <i>engaged</i> by +his own promise; <i>compelled</i> by physical force or its moral equivalent.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>free,</td><td>loose,</td><td>set free,</td><td>unbind,</td><td>unfasten,</td><td>unloose,</td><td>untie.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Bind <i>to</i> a pillar; <i>unto</i> an altar; <i>to</i> a service; bind one <i>with</i> +chains or <i>in</i> chains; one is bound <i>by</i> a contract; a splint is bound +<i>upon</i> a limb; the arms may be bound <i>to</i> the sides or <i>behind</i> the +back; bind a wreath <i>about</i>, <i>around</i>, or <i>round</i> the head; twigs +are bound <i>in</i> or <i>into</i> fagots; for military purposes, they are bound +<i>at</i> both ends and <i>in</i> the middle; one is bound <i>by</i> a contract, or +bound <i>under</i> a penalty to fulfil a contract.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BITTER" id="BITTER"></a>BITTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acerb,</td><td>acidulous,</td><td>caustic,</td><td>pungent,</td><td>stinging,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acetous,</td><td>acrid,</td><td>cutting,</td><td>savage,</td><td>tart,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acid,</td><td>acrimonious,</td><td>harsh,</td><td>sharp,</td><td>vinegarish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acidulated,</td><td>biting,</td><td>irate,</td><td>sour,</td><td>virulent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Acid</i>, <i>sour</i>, and <i>bitter</i> agree in being contrasted with <i>sweet</i>, but<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +the two former are sharply distinguished from the latter. <i>Acid</i> +or <i>sour</i> is the taste of vinegar or lemon-juice; <i>bitter</i> that of quassia, +quinine, or strychnine. <i>Acrid</i> is nearly allied to <i>bitter</i>. <i>Pungent</i> +suggests the effect of pepper or snuff on the organs of taste +or smell; as, a <i>pungent</i> odor. <i>Caustic</i> indicates the corroding +effect of some strong chemical, as nitrate of silver. In a figurative +sense, as applied to language or character, these words are very +closely allied. We say a <i>sour</i> face, <i>sharp</i> words, <i>bitter</i> complaints, +<i>caustic</i> wit, <i>cutting</i> irony, <i>biting</i> sarcasm, a <i>stinging</i> taunt, <i>harsh</i> +judgment, a <i>tart</i> reply. <i>Harsh</i> carries the idea of intentional and +severe unkindness, <i>bitter</i> of a severity that arises from real or supposed +ill treatment. The <i>bitter</i> speech springs from the sore heart. +<i>Tart</i> and <i>sharp</i> utterances may not proceed from an intention to +wound, but merely from a wit recklessly keen; <i>cutting</i>, <i>stinging</i>, +and <i>biting</i> speech indicates more or less of hostile intent, the latter +being the more deeply malicious. The <i>caustic</i> utterance is meant +to burn, perhaps wholesomely, as in the satire of Juvenal or Cervantes. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MOROSE">MOROSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dulcet,</td><td>honeyed,</td><td>luscious,</td><td>nectared,</td><td>saccharine,</td><td>sweet.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BLEACH, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blanch,</td><td>make white,</td><td>whiten,</td><td>whitewash.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>whiten</i> is to <i>make white</i> in general, but commonly it means +to overspread with white coloring-matter. <i>Bleach</i> and <i>blanch</i> +both signify to <i>whiten</i> by depriving of color, the former permanently, +as linen; the latter either permanently (as, to <i>blanch</i> celery) +or temporarily (as, to <i>blanch</i> the cheek with fear). To <i>whitewash</i> +is to <i>whiten</i> superficially, especially by false approval.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blacken,</td><td>color,</td><td>darken,</td><td>dye,</td><td>soil,</td><td>stain.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BLEMISH" id="BLEMISH"></a>BLEMISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blot,</td><td>defacement,</td><td>disgrace,</td><td>injury,</td><td>spot,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blur,</td><td>defect,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>reproach,</td><td>stain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brand,</td><td>deformity,</td><td>fault,</td><td>smirch,</td><td>stigma,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crack,</td><td>dent,</td><td>flaw,</td><td>soil,</td><td>taint,</td></tr> +<tr><td>daub,</td><td>disfigurement,</td><td>imperfection,</td><td>speck,</td><td>tarnish.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Whatever mars the beauty or completeness of an object is a +<i>blemish</i>, whether original, as squinting eyes, or the result of accident +or disease, etc., as the pits of smallpox. A <i>blemish</i> is superficial; +a <i>flaw</i> or <i>taint</i> is in structure or substance. In the moral<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +sense, we speak of a <i>blot</i> or <i>stain</i> upon reputation; a <i>flaw</i> or <i>taint</i> +in character. A <i>defect</i> is the want or lack of something; <i>fault</i>, +primarily a failing, is something that fails of an apparent intent +or disappoints a natural expectation; thus a sudden dislocation or +displacement of geological strata is called a <i>fault</i>. Figuratively, +a <i>blemish</i> comes from one's own ill-doing; a <i>brand</i> or <i>stigma</i> is +inflicted by others; as, the <i>brand</i> of infamy.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BLOW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>box,</td><td>concussion,</td><td>disaster,</td><td>misfortune,</td><td>stripe,</td></tr> +<tr><td>buffet,</td><td>cuff,</td><td>knock,</td><td>rap,</td><td>stroke,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calamity,</td><td>cut,</td><td>lash,</td><td>shock,</td><td>thump.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>blow</i> is a sudden impact, as of a fist or a club; a <i>stroke</i> is a +sweeping movement; as, the <i>stroke</i> of a sword, of an oar, of the +arm in swimming. A <i>shock</i> is the sudden encounter with some +heavy body; as, colliding railway-trains meet with a <i>shock</i>; the +<i>shock</i> of battle. A <i>slap</i> is given with the open hand, a <i>lash</i> with +a whip, thong, or the like; we speak also of the <i>cut</i> of a whip. A +<i>buffet</i> or <i>cuff</i> is given only with the hand; a <i>blow</i> either with hand +or weapon. A <i>cuff</i> is a somewhat sidelong <i>blow</i>, generally with +the open hand; as, a <i>cuff</i> or <i>box</i> on the ear. A <i>stripe</i> is the effect +or mark of a <i>stroke</i>. In the metaphorical sense, <i>blow</i> is used for +sudden, stunning, staggering <i>calamity</i> or sorrow; <i>stroke</i> for +sweeping <i>disaster</i>, and also for sweeping achievement and success. +We say a <i>stroke</i> of paralysis, or a <i>stroke</i> of genius. We speak of +the <i>buffets</i> of adverse fortune. <i>Shock</i> is used of that which is at +once sudden, violent, and prostrating; we speak of a <i>shock</i> of +electricity, the <i>shock</i> of an amputation, a <i>shock</i> of surprise. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAT">BEAT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BLUFF.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abrupt,</td><td>brusk,</td><td>impolite,</td><td>rough,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blunt,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>inconsiderate,</td><td>rude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blustering,</td><td>discourteous,</td><td>open,</td><td>uncivil,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bold,</td><td>frank,</td><td>plain-spoken,</td><td>unmannerly.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bluff</i> is a word of good meaning, as are <i>frank</i> and <i>open</i>. The +<i>bluff</i> man talks and laughs loudly and freely, says and does whatever +he pleases with fearless good nature, and with no thought of +annoying or giving pain to others. The <i>blunt</i> man says things +which he is perfectly aware are disagreeable, either from a defiant +indifference to others' feelings, or from the pleasure of tormenting.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bland,</td><td>courteous,</td><td>genial,</td><td>polished,</td><td>polite,</td><td>refined,</td><td>reserved,</td><td>urbane.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> + +<h3>BODY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ashes,</td><td>clay,</td><td>dust,</td><td>frame,</td><td>system,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carcass,</td><td>corpse,</td><td>form,</td><td>remains,</td><td>trunk.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Body</i> denotes the entire physical structure, considered as a +whole, of man or animal; <i>form</i> looks upon it as a thing of shape +and outline, perhaps of beauty; <i>frame</i> regards it as supported by +its bony framework; <i>system</i> views it as an assemblage of many +related and harmonious organs. <i>Body</i>, <i>form</i>, <i>frame</i>, and <i>system</i> +may be either dead or living; <i>clay</i> and <i>dust</i> are sometimes so used +in religious or poetic style, tho ordinarily these words are used +only of the dead. <i>Corpse</i> and <i>remains</i> are used only of the dead. +<i>Corpse</i> is the plain technical word for a dead body still retaining +its unity; <i>remains</i> may be used after any lapse of time; the latter +is also the more refined and less ghastly term; as, friends are +invited to view the <i>remains</i>. <i>Carcass</i> applies only to the <i>body</i> of +an animal, or of a human being regarded with contempt and +loathing. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPANY">COMPANY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>intellect,</td><td>intelligence,</td><td>mind,</td><td>soul,</td><td>spirit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOTH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>twain,</td><td>two.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Both</i> refers to <i>two</i> objects previously <i>mentioned</i>, or had in +mind, viewed or acting in connection; as, <i>both</i> men fired at once; +"<i>two</i> men fired" might mean any two, out of any number, and +without reference to any previous thought or mention. <i>Twain</i> is +a nearly obsolete form of <i>two</i>. <i>The two</i>, or <i>the twain</i>, is practically +equivalent to <i>both</i>; <i>both</i>, however, expresses a closer unity. +We would say <i>both</i> men rushed against the enemy; the <i>two</i> men +flew at each other. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVERY">EVERY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>each,</td><td>either,</td><td>every,</td><td>neither,</td><td>none,</td><td>no one,</td><td>not any.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BOUNDARY" id="BOUNDARY"></a>BOUNDARY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barrier,</td><td>confines,</td><td>limit,</td><td>margin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>border,</td><td>edge,</td><td>line,</td><td>term,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bound,</td><td>enclosure,</td><td>marches,</td><td>termination,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bourn,</td><td>frontier,</td><td>marge,</td><td>verge.</td></tr> +<tr><td>bourne,</td><td colspan="3">landmark,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>boundary</i> was originally the <i>landmark</i>, that which +marked off one piece of territory from another. The <i>bound</i> is the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +<i>limit</i>, marked or unmarked. Now, however, the difference between +the two words has come to be simply one of usage. As +regards territory, we speak of the <i>boundaries</i> of a nation or of an +estate; the <i>bounds</i> of a college, a ball-ground, etc. <i>Bounds</i> may +be used for all within the <i>limits</i>, <i>boundary</i> for the limiting line +only. <i>Boundary</i> looks to that which is without; <i>bound</i> only to +that which is within. Hence we speak of the <i>bounds</i>, not the +<i>boundaries</i>, of a subject, of the universe, etc.; we say the students +were forbidden to go beyond the <i>bounds</i>. A <i>barrier</i> is something +that bars ingress or egress. A <i>barrier</i> may be a <i>boundary</i>, +as was the Great Wall of China. <i>Bourn</i>, or <i>bourne</i>, is a poetical +expression for <i>bound</i> or <i>boundary</i>. A <i>border</i> is a strip of land +along the <i>boundary</i>. <i>Edge</i> is a sharp terminal line, as where +river or ocean meets the land. <i>Limit</i> is now used almost wholly +in the figurative sense; as, the <i>limit</i> of discussion, of time, of +jurisdiction. <i>Line</i> is a military term; as, within the <i>lines</i>, or +through the <i>lines</i>, of an army. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BARRIER">BARRIER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#END_n">END</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>center,</td><td>citadel,</td><td>estate,</td><td>inside,</td><td>interior,</td><td>land,</td><td>region,</td><td>territory.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The boundaries <i>of</i> an estate; the boundary <i>between</i> neighboring +territories.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BRAVE" id="BRAVE"></a>BRAVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adventurous,</td><td>courageous,</td><td>fearless,</td><td>undaunted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bold,</td><td>daring,</td><td>gallant,</td><td>undismayed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chivalric,</td><td>dauntless,</td><td>heroic,</td><td>valiant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chivalrous,</td><td>doughty,</td><td>intrepid,</td><td>venturesome.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>adventurous</i> man goes in quest of danger; the <i>bold</i> man +stands out and faces danger or censure; the <i>brave</i> man combines +confidence with resolution in presence of danger; the <i>chivalrous</i> man +puts himself in peril for others' protection. The <i>daring</i> step out +to defy danger; the <i>dauntless</i> will not flinch before anything that +may come to them; the <i>doughty</i> will give and take limitless hard +knocks. The <i>adventurous</i> find something romantic in dangerous +enterprises; the <i>venturesome</i> may be simply heedless, reckless, or +ignorant. All great explorers have been <i>adventurous</i>; children, +fools, and criminals are <i>venturesome</i>. The <i>fearless</i> and <i>intrepid</i> +possess unshaken nerves in any place of danger. <i>Courageous</i> +is more than <i>brave</i>, adding a moral element: the <i>courageous</i> man +steadily encounters perils to which he may be keenly sensitive, at +the call of duty; the <i>gallant</i> are <i>brave</i> in a dashing, showy, and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +splendid way; the <i>valiant</i> not only dare great dangers, but +achieve great results; the <i>heroic</i> are nobly <i>daring</i> and <i>dauntless</i>, +truly <i>chivalrous</i>, sublimely <i>courageous</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FORTITUDE">FORTITUDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>afraid,</td><td>cringing,</td><td>fearful,</td><td>pusillanimous,</td><td>timid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cowardly,</td><td>faint-hearted,</td><td>frightened,</td><td>shrinking,</td><td>timorous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BREAK" id="BREAK"></a>BREAK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bankrupt,</td><td>crack,</td><td>destroy,</td><td>rive,</td><td>shatter,</td><td>split,</td></tr> +<tr><td>burst,</td><td>crush,</td><td>fracture,</td><td>rupture,</td><td>shiver,</td><td>sunder,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cashier,</td><td>demolish,</td><td>rend,</td><td>sever,</td><td>smash,</td><td>transgress.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>break</i> is to divide sharply, with severance of particles, as by +a blow or strain. To <i>burst</i> is to <i>break</i> by pressure from within, as a +bombshell, but it is used also for the result of violent force otherwise +exerted; as, to <i>burst</i> in a door, where the door yields as if +to an explosion. To <i>crush</i> is to <i>break</i> by pressure from without, +as an egg-shell. To <i>crack</i> is to <i>break</i> without complete severance +of parts; a <i>cracked</i> cup or mirror may still hold together. <i>Fracture</i> +has a somewhat similar sense. In a <i>fractured</i> limb, the ends +of the <i>broken</i> bone may be separated, tho both portions are +still retained within the common muscular tissue. A <i>shattered</i> +object is <i>broken</i> suddenly and in numerous directions; as, a vase +is <i>shattered</i> by a blow, a building by an earthquake. A <i>shivered</i> +glass is <i>broken</i> into numerous minute, needle-like fragments. To +<i>smash</i> is to <i>break</i> thoroughly to pieces with a crashing sound by +some sudden act of violence; a watch once <i>smashed</i> will scarcely +be worth repair. To <i>split</i> is to cause wood to crack or part in the +way of the grain, and is applied to any other case where a natural +tendency to separation is enforced by an external cause; as, to +<i>split</i> a convention or a party. To <i>demolish</i> is to beat down, as a +mound, building, fortress, etc.; to <i>destroy</i> is to put by any process +beyond restoration physically, mentally, or morally; to <i>destroy</i> +an army is so to <i>shatter</i> and scatter it that it can not be rallied or +reassembled as a fighting force. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#REND">REND</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attach,</td><td>bind,</td><td>fasten,</td><td>join,</td><td>mend,</td><td>secure,</td><td>solder,</td><td>unite,</td><td>weld.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Break <i>to</i> pieces, or <i>in</i> pieces, <i>into</i> several pieces (when the object +is thought of as divided rather than shattered); break <i>with</i> a +friend; <i>from</i> or <i>away from</i> a suppliant; break <i>into</i> a house; <i>out +of</i> prison; break <i>across</i> one's knee; break <i>through</i> a hedge; break +<i>in upon</i> one's retirement; break <i>over</i> the rules; break <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> +the shore, <i>against</i> the rocks.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p> + +<h3>BRUTISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>animal,</td><td>brutal,</td><td>ignorant,</td><td>sensual,</td><td>swinish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>base,</td><td>brute,</td><td>imbruted,</td><td>sottish,</td><td>unintellectual,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beastly,</td><td>carnal,</td><td>insensible,</td><td>stolid,</td><td>unspiritual,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bestial,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>lascivious,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>vile.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>brutish</i> man simply follows his <i>animal</i> instincts, without +special inclination to do harm; the <i>brutal</i> have always a spirit of +malice and cruelty. <i>Brute</i> has no special character, except as indicating +what a brute might possess; much the same is true of +<i>animal</i>, except that <i>animal</i> leans more to the side of sensuality, +<i>brute</i> to that of force, as appears in the familiar phrase "<i>brute</i> +force." Hunger is an <i>animal</i> appetite; a <i>brute</i> impulse suddenly +prompts one to strike a blow in anger. <i>Bestial</i>, in modern usage, +implies an intensified and degrading animalism. Any supremacy +of the <i>animal</i> or <i>brute</i> instincts over the intellectual and spiritual +in man is <i>base</i> and <i>vile</i>. <i>Beastly</i> refers largely to the outward +and visible consequences of excess; as, <i>beastly</i> drunkenness. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANIMAL">ANIMAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>elevated,</td><td>exalted,</td><td>great,</td><td>intellectual,</td><td>noble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enlightened,</td><td>grand,</td><td>humane,</td><td>intelligent,</td><td>refined.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BURN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blaze,</td><td>char,</td><td>flame,</td><td>incinerate,</td><td>set fire to,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brand,</td><td>consume,</td><td>flash,</td><td>kindle,</td><td>set on fire,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cauterize,</td><td>cremate,</td><td>ignite,</td><td>scorch,</td><td>singe.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>burn</i> is to subject to the action of fire, or of intense heat so +as to effect either partial change or complete combustion; as, to +<i>burn</i> wood in the fire; to <i>burn</i> one's hand on a hot stove; the sun +<i>burns</i> the face. One <i>brands</i> with a hot iron, but <i>cauterizes</i> with +some corrosive substance, as silver nitrate. <i>Cremate</i> is now used +specifically for <i>consuming</i> a dead body by intense heat. To <i>incinerate</i> +is to reduce to ashes; the sense differs little from that of +<i>cremate</i>, but it is in less popular use. To <i>kindle</i> is to <i>set on fire</i>, +as if with a candle; <i>ignite</i> is the more learned and scientific word +for the same thing, extending even to the heating of metals to a +state of incandescence without burning. To <i>scorch</i> and to <i>singe</i> +are superficial, and to <i>char</i> usually so. Both <i>kindle</i> and <i>burn</i> +have an extensive figurative use; as, to <i>kindle</i> strife; to <i>burn</i> +with wrath, love, devotion, curiosity. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#LIGHT">LIGHT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cool,</td><td>extinguish,</td><td>put out,</td><td>smother,</td><td>stifle,</td><td>subdue.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To burn <i>in</i> the fire, burn <i>with</i> fire; burn <i>to</i> the ground, burn +<i>to</i> ashes; burn <i>through</i> the skin, or the roof; burn <i>into</i> the soil, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BUSINESS" id="BUSINESS"></a>BUSINESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affair,</td><td>commerce,</td><td>handicraft,</td><td>trading,</td></tr> +<tr><td>art,</td><td>concern,</td><td>job,</td><td>traffic,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avocation,</td><td>craft,</td><td>occupation,</td><td>transaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barter,</td><td>duty,</td><td>profession,</td><td>vocation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calling,</td><td>employment,</td><td>trade,</td><td>work.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>business</i> is what one follows regularly; an <i>occupation</i> is +what he happens at any time to be engaged in; trout-fishing may +be one's <i>occupation</i> for a time, as a relief from <i>business</i>; <i>business</i> +is ordinarily for profit, while the <i>occupation</i> may be a matter of +learning, philanthropy, or religion. A <i>profession</i> implies scholarship; +as, the learned <i>professions</i>. <i>Pursuit</i> is an <i>occupation</i> +which one follows with ardor. An <i>avocation</i> is what calls one +away from other work; a <i>vocation</i> or <i>calling</i>, that to which one +is called by some special fitness or sense of duty; thus, we speak +of the gospel ministry as a <i>vocation</i> or <i>calling</i>, rather than a +<i>business</i>. <i>Trade</i> or <i>trading</i> is, in general, the exchanging of one +thing for another; in the special sense, a <i>trade</i> is an <i>occupation</i> +involving manual training and skilled labor; as, the ancient Jews +held that every boy should learn a <i>trade</i>. A <i>transaction</i> is a +single action, whether in <i>business</i>, diplomacy, or otherwise; <i>affair</i> +has a similar, but lighter meaning; as, this little <i>affair</i>; an important +<i>transaction</i>. The plural <i>affairs</i> has a distinctive meaning, +including all activities where men deal with one another on +any considerable scale; as, a man of <i>affairs</i>. A <i>job</i> is a piece of +work viewed as a single undertaking, and ordinarily paid for as +such. <i>Trade</i> and <i>commerce</i> may be used as equivalents, but <i>trade</i> +is capable of a more limited application; we speak of the <i>trade</i> of +a village, the <i>commerce</i> of a nation. <i>Barter</i> is the direct exchange +of commodities; <i>business</i>, <i>trade</i>, and <i>commerce</i> are chiefly +transacted by means of money, bills of exchange, etc. <i>Business</i>, +<i>occupation</i>, etc., may be what one does independently; <i>employment</i> +may be in the service of another. <i>Work</i> is any application of +energy to secure a result, or the result thus secured; thus, we +speak of the <i>work</i> of God. <i>Art</i> in the industrial sense is a system +of rules and accepted methods for the accomplishment of some +practical result; as, the <i>art</i> of printing; collectively, the <i>arts</i>. A +<i>craft</i> is some occupation requiring technical skill or manual dexterity,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +or the persons, collectively, engaged in its exercise; as, +the weaver's <i>craft</i>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The business <i>of</i> a druggist; in business <i>with</i> his father; doing +business <i>for</i> his father; have you business <i>with</i> me? business <i>in</i> +New York; business <i>about</i>, <i>concerning</i>, or <i>in regard to</i> certain +property.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="BUT" id="BUT"></a>BUT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>and,</td><td>however,</td><td>notwithstanding,</td><td>that,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barely,</td><td>just,</td><td>only,</td><td>tho,</td></tr> +<tr><td>besides,</td><td>merely,</td><td>provided,</td><td>unless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>except,</td><td>moreover,</td><td>save,</td><td>yet.</td></tr> +<tr><td>further,</td><td>nevertheless,</td><td colspan="2">still,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>But</i> ranges from the faintest contrast to absolute negation; as, +I am willing to go, <i>but</i> (on the other hand) content to stay; he is +not an honest man, <i>but</i> (on the contrary) a villain. The contrast +may be with a silent thought; as, <i>but</i> let us go (it being understood +that we might stay longer). In restrictive use, <i>except</i> and +<i>excepting</i> are slightly more emphatic than <i>but</i>; we say, no injury +<i>but</i> a scratch; or, no injury <i>except</i> some painful bruises. Such +expressions as "words are <i>but</i> breath" (nothing <i>but</i>) may be +referred to the restrictive use by ellipsis. So may the use of <i>but</i> +in the sense of <i>unless</i>; as, "it never rains <i>but</i> it pours." To the +same head must be referred the conditional use; as, "you may go, +<i>but</i> with your father's consent" (<i>i. e.</i>, "<i>provided</i> you have," +"<i>except</i> that you must have," etc.). "Doubt <i>but</i>" is now less +used than the more logical "doubt <i>that</i>." <i>But</i> never becomes a +full synonym for <i>and</i>; <i>and</i> adds something like, <i>but</i> adds something +different; "brave <i>and</i> tender" implies that tenderness is +natural to the brave; "brave <i>but</i> tender" implies that bravery +and tenderness are rarely combined. For the concessive use, compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#NOTWITHSTANDING_conj">NOTWITHSTANDING</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>by dint of,</td><td>by means of,</td><td>through,</td><td>with.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>By</i> refers to the agent; <i>through</i>, to the means, cause, or condition; +<i>with</i>, to the instrument. <i>By</i> commonly refers to persons; +<i>with</i>, to things; <i>through</i> may refer to either. The road having +become impassable <i>through</i> long disuse, a way was opened <i>by</i> +pioneers <i>with</i> axes. <i>By</i> may, however, be applied to any object +which is viewed as partaking of action and agency; as, the metal<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +was corroded <i>by</i> the acid; skill is gained <i>by</i> practise. We speak +of communicating <i>with</i> a person <i>by</i> letter. <i>Through</i> implies a +more distant connection than <i>by</i> or <i>with</i>, and more intervening +elements. Material objects are perceived <i>by</i> the mind <i>through</i> +the senses.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CABAL" id="CABAL"></a>CABAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>combination,</td><td>confederacy,</td><td>crew,</td><td>gang,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclave,</td><td>conspiracy,</td><td>faction,</td><td>junto.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>conspiracy</i> is a <i>combination</i> of persons for an evil purpose, or +the act of so combining. <i>Conspiracy</i> is a distinct crime under +common, and generally under statutory, law. A <i>faction</i> is more +extensive than a <i>conspiracy</i>, less formal in organization, less definite +in plan. <i>Faction</i> and its adjective, <i>factious</i>, have always an +unfavorable sense. <i>Cabal</i> commonly denotes a <i>conspiracy</i> of leaders. +A <i>gang</i> is a company of workmen all doing the same work +under one leader; the word is used figuratively only of <i>combinations</i> +which it is meant to stigmatize as rude and mercenary; <i>crew</i> +is used in a closely similar sense. A <i>conclave</i> is secret, but of +larger numbers, ordinarily, than a <i>cabal</i>, and may have honorable +use; as, the <i>conclave</i> of cardinals.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CALCULATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>consider,</td><td>enumerate,</td><td>rate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cast,</td><td>count,</td><td>estimate,</td><td>reckon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compute,</td><td>deem,</td><td>number,</td><td>sum up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Number</i> is the generic term. To <i>count</i> is to <i>number</i> one by +one. To <i>calculate</i> is to use more complicated processes, as multiplication, +division, etc., more rapid but not less exact. <i>Compute</i> +allows more of the element of probability, which is still more +strongly expressed by <i>estimate</i>. We <i>compute</i> the slain in a great +war from the number known to have fallen in certain great battles; +<i>compute</i> refers to the present or the past, <i>estimate</i> more frequently +to the future; as, to <i>estimate</i> the cost of a proposed building. +To <i>enumerate</i> is to mention item by item; as, to <i>enumerate</i> +one's grievances. To <i>rate</i> is to <i>estimate</i> by comparison, as if the +object were one of a series. We <i>count</i> upon a desired future; we +do not <i>count</i> upon the undesired. As applied to the present, we +<i>reckon</i> or <i>count</i> a thing precious or worthless. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ESTEEM_v">ESTEEM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>It is vain to calculate <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> an uncertain result.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span></p> + +<h3>CALL, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bawl,</td><td>cry (out),</td><td>roar,</td><td>shriek,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bellow,</td><td>ejaculate,</td><td>scream,</td><td>vociferate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clamor,</td><td>exclaim,</td><td>shout,</td><td>yell.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>call</i> is to send out the voice in order to attract another's attention, +either by word or by inarticulate utterance. Animals +<i>call</i> their mates, or their young; a man <i>calls</i> his dog, his horse, +etc. The sense is extended to include summons by bell, or any +signal. To <i>shout</i> is to <i>call</i> or <i>exclaim</i> with the fullest volume of +sustained voice; to <i>scream</i> is to utter a shriller cry; to <i>shriek</i> or +to <i>yell</i> refers to that which is louder and wilder still. We <i>shout</i> +words; in <i>screaming</i>, <i>shrieking</i>, or <i>yelling</i> there is often no attempt +at articulation. To <i>bawl</i> is to utter senseless, noisy cries, as +of a child in pain or anger. <i>Bellow</i> and <i>roar</i> are applied to the +utterances of animals, and only contemptuously to those of persons. +To <i>clamor</i> is to utter with noisy iteration; it applies also +to the confused cries of a multitude. To <i>vociferate</i> is commonly +applied to loud and excited speech where there is little besides the +exertion of voice. In <i>exclaiming</i>, the utterance may not be strikingly, +tho somewhat, above the ordinary tone and pitch; we +may <i>exclaim</i> by mere interjections, or by connected words, but +always by some articulate utterance. To <i>ejaculate</i> is to throw out +brief, disconnected, but coherent utterances of joy, regret, and +especially of appeal, petition, prayer; the use of such devotional +utterances has received the special name of "ejaculatory prayer." +To <i>cry out</i> is to give forth a louder and more excited utterance +than in <i>exclaiming</i> or <i>calling</i>; one often <i>exclaims</i> with sudden +joy as well as sorrow; if he <i>cries out</i>, it is oftener in grief or +agony. In the most common colloquial usage, to <i>cry</i> is to express +grief or pain by weeping or sobbing. One may <i>exclaim</i>, <i>cry out</i>, +or <i>ejaculate</i> with no thought of others' presence; when he <i>calls</i>, it +is to attract another's attention.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be silent,</td><td>be still,</td><td>hark,</td><td>hearken,</td><td>hush,</td><td>list,</td><td>listen.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CALM" id="CALM"></a>CALM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>collected,</td><td>imperturbable,</td><td>sedate,</td><td>still,</td></tr> +<tr><td>composed,</td><td>peaceful,</td><td>self-possessed,</td><td>tranquil,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cool,</td><td>placid,</td><td>serene,</td><td>undisturbed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dispassionate,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>smooth,</td><td>unruffled.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>calm</i> which is free from disturbance or agitation; in the +physical sense, free from violent motion or action; in the mental<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +or spiritual realm, free from excited or disturbing emotion or +passion. We speak of a <i>calm</i> sea, a <i>placid</i> lake, a <i>serene</i> sky, a +<i>still</i> night, a <i>quiet</i> day, a <i>quiet</i> home. We speak, also, of "<i>still</i> +waters," "<i>smooth</i> sailing," which are different modes of expressing +freedom from manifest agitation. Of mental conditions, one +is <i>calm</i> who triumphs over a tendency to excitement; <i>cool</i>, if he +scarcely feels the tendency. One may be <i>calm</i> by the very reaction +from excitement, or by the oppression of overpowering +emotion, as we speak of the calmness of despair. One is <i>composed</i> +who has subdued excited feeling; he is <i>collected</i> when he +has every thought, feeling, or perception awake and at command. +<i>Tranquil</i> refers to a present state, <i>placid</i>, to a prevailing tendency. +We speak of a <i>tranquil</i> mind, a <i>placid</i> disposition. The <i>serene</i> +spirit dwells as if in the clear upper air, above all storm and +shadow.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">The star of the unconquered will,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He rises in my breast,<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Serene</i>, and resolute, and <i>still</i>,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And <i>calm</i>, and <i>self-possessed</i>.<br /></span> +</div> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Longfellow</span> <i>Light of Stars</i> st. 7.</p></div> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitated,</td><td>excited,</td><td>frenzied,</td><td>passionate,</td><td>ruffled,</td><td>violent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boisterous,</td><td>fierce,</td><td>furious,</td><td>raging,</td><td>stormy,</td><td>wild,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disturbed,</td><td>frantic,</td><td>heated,</td><td>roused,</td><td>turbulent,</td><td>wrathful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CANCEL" id="CANCEL"></a>CANCEL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abolish,</td><td>discharge,</td><td>nullify,</td><td>rescind,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abrogate,</td><td>efface,</td><td>obliterate,</td><td>revoke,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annul,</td><td>erase,</td><td>quash,</td><td>rub off <span class="nbi">or</span> out,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blot out,</td><td>expunge,</td><td>remove,</td><td>scratch out,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cross off <span class="nbi">or</span> out,</td><td>make void,</td><td>repeal,</td><td>vacate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Cancel</i>, <i>efface</i>, <i>erase</i>, <i>expunge</i>, and <i>obliterate</i> have as their +first meaning the removal of written characters or other forms of +record. To <i>cancel</i> is, literally, to make a lattice by cross-lines, +exactly our English <i>cross out</i>; to <i>efface</i> is to <i>rub off</i>, smooth away +the face, as of an inscription; to <i>erase</i> is to <i>scratch out</i>, commonly +for the purpose of writing something else in the same space; to +<i>expunge</i>, is to punch out with some sharp instrument, so as to +show that the words are no longer part of the writing; to <i>obliterate</i> +is to cover over or remove, as a letter, as was done by reversing +the Roman stylus, and <i>rubbing out</i> with the rounded end what +had been written with the point on the waxen tablet. What has +been <i>canceled</i>, <i>erased</i>, <i>expunged</i>, may perhaps still be traced; +what is <i>obliterated</i> is gone forever, as if it had never been. In<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +many establishments, when a debt is <i>discharged</i> by payment, the +record is <i>canceled</i>. The figurative use of the words keeps close +to the primary sense. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>approve,</td><td>enact,</td><td>establish,</td><td>perpetuate,</td><td>reenact,</td><td>uphold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confirm,</td><td>enforce,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>record,</td><td>sustain,</td><td>write.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CANDID" id="CANDID"></a>CANDID.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aboveboard,</td><td>honest,</td><td>open,</td><td>truthful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>artless,</td><td>impartial,</td><td>simple,</td><td>unbiased,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fair,</td><td>ingenuous,</td><td>sincere,</td><td>unprejudiced,</td></tr> +<tr><td>frank,</td><td>innocent,</td><td>straightforward,</td><td>unreserved,</td></tr> +<tr><td>guileless,</td><td>naive,</td><td>transparent,</td><td>unsophisticated.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>candid</i> statement is meant to be true to the real facts and +just to all parties; a <i>fair</i> statement is really so. <i>Fair</i> is applied +to the conduct; <i>candid</i> is not; as, <i>fair</i> treatment, "a <i>fair</i> field, +and no favor." One who is <i>frank</i> has a fearless and unconstrained +truthfulness. <i>Honest</i> and <i>ingenuous</i> unite in expressing contempt +for deceit. On the other hand, <i>artless</i>, <i>guileless</i>, <i>naive</i>, +<i>simple</i>, and <i>unsophisticated</i> express the goodness which comes +from want of the knowledge or thought of evil. As truth is not +always agreeable or timely, <i>candid</i> and <i>frank</i> have often an +objectionable sense; "to be <i>candid</i> with you," "to be perfectly +<i>frank</i>," are regarded as sure preludes to something disagreeable. +<i>Open</i> and <i>unreserved</i> may imply unstudied truthfulness or defiant +recklessness; as, <i>open</i> admiration, <i>open</i> robbery. There may be +<i>transparent</i> integrity or <i>transparent</i> fraud. <i>Sincere</i> applies to +the feelings, as being all that one's words would imply.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adroit,</td><td>cunning,</td><td>diplomatic,</td><td>intriguing,</td><td>sharp,</td><td>subtle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>artful,</td><td>deceitful,</td><td>foxy,</td><td>knowing,</td><td>shrewd,</td><td>tricky,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crafty,</td><td>designing,</td><td>insincere,</td><td>maneuvering,</td><td>sly,</td><td>wily.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Candid <i>in</i> debate; candid <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i> opponents; candid <i>with</i> +friend or foe; to be candid <i>about</i> or <i>in regard to</i> the matter.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CAPARISON.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accouterments,</td><td>harness,</td><td>housings,</td><td>trappings.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Harness</i> was formerly used of the armor of a knight as well as +of a horse; it is now used almost exclusively of the straps and +appurtenances worn by a horse when attached to a vehicle; the +animal is said to be "kind in <i>harness</i>." The other words apply to +the ornamental outfit of a horse, especially under saddle. We<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +speak also of the <i>accouterments</i> of a soldier. <i>Caparison</i> is used +rarely and somewhat slightingly, and <i>trappings</i> quite contemptuously, +for showy human apparel. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARMS">ARMS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRESS">DRESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CAPITAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chief city,</td><td>metropolis,</td><td>seat of government.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>metropolis</i> is the chief city in the commercial, the <i>capital</i> +in the political sense. The <i>capital</i> of an American State is rarely +its <i>metropolis</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CARE" id="CARE"></a>CARE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anxiety,</td><td>concern,</td><td>oversight,</td><td>trouble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attention,</td><td>direction,</td><td>perplexity,</td><td>vigilance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>caution,</td><td>forethought,</td><td>precaution,</td><td>wariness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>charge,</td><td>heed,</td><td>prudence,</td><td>watchfulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circumspection,</td><td>management,</td><td>solicitude,</td><td>worry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Care</i> concerns what we possess; <i>anxiety</i>, often, what we do +not; riches bring many <i>cares</i>; poverty brings many <i>anxieties</i>. +<i>Care</i> also signifies watchful <i>attention</i>, in view of possible harm; +as, "This side up with <i>care</i>;" "Take <i>care</i> of yourself;" or, as a +sharp warning, "Take <i>care</i>!" <i>Caution</i> has a sense of possible +harm and risk only to be escaped, if at all, by careful deliberation +and observation. <i>Care</i> inclines to the positive, <i>caution</i> to the +negative; <i>care</i> is shown in doing, <i>caution</i> largely in not doing. +<i>Precaution</i> is allied with <i>care</i>, <i>prudence</i> with <i>caution</i>; a man +rides a dangerous horse with <i>care</i>; <i>caution</i> will keep him from +mounting the horse; <i>precaution</i> looks to the saddle-girths, bit +and bridle, and all that may make the rider secure. <i>Circumspection</i> +is watchful observation and calculation, but without the +timidity implied in <i>caution</i>. <i>Concern</i> denotes a serious interest, +milder than <i>anxiety</i>; as, <i>concern</i> for the safety of a ship at sea. +<i>Heed</i> implies <i>attention</i> without disquiet; it is now largely displaced +by <i>attention</i> and <i>care</i>. <i>Solicitude</i> involves especially the +element of desire, not expressed in <i>anxiety</i>, and of hopefulness, +not implied in <i>care</i>. A parent feels constant <i>solicitude</i> for his +children's welfare, <i>anxiety</i> as to dangers that threaten it, with +<i>care</i> to guard against them. <i>Watchfulness</i> recognizes the possibility +of danger, <i>wariness</i> the probability. A man who is not +influenced by <i>caution</i> to keep out of danger may display great +<i>wariness</i> in the midst of it. <i>Care</i> has also the sense of responsibility, +with possible control, as expressed in <i>charge</i>, <i>management</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +<i>oversight</i>; as, these children are under my <i>care</i>; send the money +to me in <i>care</i> of the firm. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALARM">ALARM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANXIETY">ANXIETY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRUDENCE">PRUDENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carelessness,</td><td>heedlessness,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>negligence,</td><td>oversight,</td><td>remissness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disregard,</td><td>inattention,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>omission,</td><td>recklessness,</td><td>slight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Take care <i>of</i> the house; <i>for</i> the future; <i>about</i> the matter.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CAREER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>charge,</td><td>flight,</td><td>passage,</td><td>race,</td></tr> +<tr><td>course,</td><td>line of achievement,</td><td>public life,</td><td>rush.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>career</i> was originally the ground for a race, or, especially, +for a knight's <i>charge</i> in tournament or battle; whence <i>career</i> was +early applied to the <i>charge</i> itself.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>If you will use the lance, take ground for your <i>career</i>.... The four horsemen +met in full <i>career</i>.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Scott</span> <i>Quentin Durward</i> ch. 14, p. 194. [<span class="smcl">D. F. & CO.</span>]</p></div> + +<p>In its figurative use <i>career</i> signifies some continuous and conspicuous +work, usually a life-work, and most frequently one of +honorable achievement. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CARESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>coddle,</td><td>embrace,</td><td>fondle,</td><td>pamper,</td></tr> +<tr><td>court,</td><td>flatter,</td><td>kiss,</td><td>pet.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>caress</i> is less than to <i>embrace</i>; more dignified and less familiar +than to <i>fondle</i>. A visitor <i>caresses</i> a friend's child; a mother +<i>fondles</i> her babe. <i>Fondling</i> is always by touch; <i>caressing</i> may +be also by words, or other tender and pleasing attentions.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#AFFRONT">AFFRONT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Caressed <i>by</i> or <i>with</i> the hand; caressed <i>by</i> admirers, <i>at</i> court.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CARICATURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>burlesque,</td><td>extravaganza,</td><td>mimicry,</td><td>take-off,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exaggeration,</td><td>imitation,</td><td>parody,</td><td>travesty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>caricature</i> is a grotesque <i>exaggeration</i> of striking features +or peculiarities, generally of a person; a <i>burlesque</i> treats any subject +in an absurd or incongruous manner. A <i>burlesque</i> is written +or acted; a <i>caricature</i> is more commonly in sketch or picture. A +<i>parody</i> changes the subject, but keeps the style; a <i>travesty</i> keeps<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +the subject, but changes the style; a <i>burlesque</i> does not hold itself +to either subject or style; but is content with a general resemblance +to what it may imitate. A <i>caricature</i>, <i>parody</i>, or <i>travesty</i> +must have an original; a <i>burlesque</i> may be an independent composition. +An account of a schoolboys' quarrel after the general +manner of Homer's Iliad would be a <i>burlesque</i>; the real story of +the Iliad told in newspaper style would be a <i>travesty</i>. An <i>extravaganza</i> +is a fantastic composition, musical, dramatic, or narrative. +<i>Imitation</i> is serious; <i>mimicry</i> is either intentionally or unintentionally +comical.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CARRY" id="CARRY"></a>CARRY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bear,</td><td>convey,</td><td>move,</td><td>sustain,</td><td>transmit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring,</td><td>lift,</td><td>remove,</td><td>take,</td><td>transport.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person may <i>bear</i> a load either when in motion or at rest; he +<i>carries</i> it only when in motion. The stooping Atlas <i>bears</i> the +world on his shoulders; swiftly moving Time <i>carries</i> the hour-glass +and scythe; a person may be said either to <i>bear</i> or to <i>carry</i> +a scar, since it is upon him whether in motion or at rest. If an +object is to be <i>moved</i> from the place we occupy, we say <i>carry</i>; if +to the place we occupy, we say <i>bring</i>. A messenger <i>carries</i> a letter +to a correspondent, and <i>brings</i> an answer. <i>Take</i> is often used +in this sense in place of <i>carry</i>; as, <i>take</i> that letter to the office. +<i>Carry</i> often signifies to <i>transport</i> by personal strength, without +reference to the direction; as, that is more than he can <i>carry</i>; +yet, even so, it would not be admissible to say <i>carry</i> it to me, or +<i>carry</i> it here; in such case we must say <i>bring</i>. To <i>lift</i> is simply +to raise from the ground, tho but for an instant, with no reference +to holding or moving; one may be able to <i>lift</i> what he could +not <i>carry</i>. The figurative uses of <i>carry</i> are very numerous; as, +to <i>carry</i> an election, <i>carry</i> the country, <i>carry</i> (in the sense of <i>capture</i>) +a fort, <i>carry</i> an audience, <i>carry</i> a stock of goods, etc. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CONVEY">CONVEY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KEEP">KEEP</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>drop,</td><td>fall under,</td><td>give up,</td><td>let go,</td><td>shake off,</td><td>throw down,</td><td>throw off.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To carry coals <i>to</i> Newcastle; carry nothing <i>from</i>, or <i>out of</i>, +this house; he carried these qualities <i>into</i> all he did; carry <i>across</i> +the street, <i>over</i> the bridge, <i>through</i> the woods, <i>around</i> or <i>round</i> +the corner; <i>beyond</i> the river; the cable was carried <i>under</i> the +sea.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="CATASTROPHE" id="CATASTROPHE"></a>CATASTROPHE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calamity,</td><td>denouement,</td><td>mischance,</td><td>mishap,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cataclysm,</td><td>disaster,</td><td>misfortune,</td><td>sequel.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>cataclysm</i> or <i>catastrophe</i> is some great convulsion or momentous +event that may or may not be a cause of misery to man. +In <i>calamity</i>, or <i>disaster</i>, the thought of human suffering is always +present. It has been held by many geologists that numerous <i>catastrophes</i> +or <i>cataclysms</i> antedated the existence of man. In literature, +the final event of a drama is the <i>catastrophe</i>, or <i>denouement</i>. +<i>Misfortune</i> ordinarily suggests less of suddenness and violence +than <i>calamity</i> or <i>disaster</i>, and is especially applied to that +which is lingering or enduring in its effects. In history, the end +of every great war or the fall of a nation is a <i>catastrophe</i>, tho +it may not be a <i>calamity</i>. Yet such an event, if not a <i>calamity</i> to +the race, will always involve much individual <i>disaster</i> and <i>misfortune</i>. +Pestilence is a <i>calamity</i>; a defeat in battle, a shipwreck, +or a failure in business is a <i>disaster</i>; sickness or loss of property is +a <i>misfortune</i>; failure to meet a friend is a <i>mischance</i>; the breaking +of a teacup is a <i>mishap</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>benefit,</td><td>boon,</td><td>favor,</td><td>pleasure,</td><td>prosperity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blessing,</td><td>comfort,</td><td>help,</td><td>privilege,</td><td>success.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The catastrophe <i>of</i> a play; <i>of</i> a siege; rarely, <i>to</i> a person, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CATCH" id="CATCH"></a>CATCH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apprehend,</td><td>comprehend,</td><td>grasp,</td><td>overtake,</td><td>snatch,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capture,</td><td>discover,</td><td>grip,</td><td>secure,</td><td>take,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clasp,</td><td>ensnare,</td><td>gripe,</td><td>seize,</td><td>take hold of.</td></tr> +<tr><td>clutch,</td><td>entrap,</td><td colspan="3">lay hold of (on, upon),</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>catch</i> is to come up with or take possession of something +departing, fugitive, or illusive. We <i>catch</i> a runaway horse, a flying +ball, a mouse in a trap. We <i>clutch</i> with a swift, tenacious +movement of the fingers; we <i>grasp</i> with a firm but moderate closure +of the whole hand; we <i>grip</i> or <i>gripe</i> with the strongest muscular +closure of the whole hand possible to exert. We <i>clasp</i> in the +arms. We <i>snatch</i> with a quick, sudden, and usually a surprising +motion. In the figurative sense, <i>catch</i> is used of any act that +brings a person or thing into our power or possession; as, to <i>catch</i> +a criminal in the act; to <i>catch</i> an idea, in the sense of <i>apprehend</i> +or <i>comprehend</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARREST">ARREST</a></span>.</p> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p> +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fail of,</td><td>give up,</td><td>lose,</td><td>release,</td><td>throw aside,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fall short of,</td><td>let go,</td><td>miss,</td><td>restore,</td><td>throw away.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To catch <i>at</i> a straw; to catch a fugitive <i>by</i> the collar; to catch +a ball <i>with</i> the left hand; he caught the disease <i>from</i> the patient; +the thief was caught <i>in</i> the act; the bird <i>in</i> the snare.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CAUSE" id="CAUSE"></a>CAUSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actor,</td><td>causality,</td><td>designer,</td><td>occasion,</td><td>precedent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>agent,</td><td>causation,</td><td>former,</td><td>origin,</td><td>reason,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antecedent,</td><td>condition,</td><td>fountain,</td><td>originator,</td><td>source,</td></tr> +<tr><td>author,</td><td>creator,</td><td>motive,</td><td>power,</td><td>spring.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The efficient <i>cause</i>, that which makes anything to be or be +done, is the common meaning of the word, as in the saying +"There is no effect without a <i>cause</i>." Every man instinctively +recognizes himself acting through will as the <i>cause</i> of his own +actions. The <i>Creator</i> is the Great First <i>Cause</i> of all things. A +<i>condition</i> is something that necessarily precedes a result, but does +not produce it. An <i>antecedent</i> simply precedes a result, with or +without any agency in producing it; as, Monday is the invariable +<i>antecedent</i> of Tuesday, but not the <i>cause</i> of it. The direct antonym +of <i>cause</i> is <i>effect</i>, while that of <i>antecedent</i> is <i>consequent</i>. An +<i>occasion</i> is some event which brings a <i>cause</i> into action at a particular +moment; gravitation and heat are the <i>causes</i> of an avalanche; +the steep incline of the mountain-side is a necessary <i>condition</i>, +and the shout of the traveler may be the <i>occasion</i> of its fall. +<i>Causality</i> is the doctrine or principle of causes, <i>causation</i> the +action or working of causes. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DESIGN">DESIGN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REASON_n">REASON</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>consequence,</td><td>development,</td><td>end,</td><td>fruit,</td><td>outcome,</td><td>product,</td></tr> +<tr><td>creation,</td><td>effect,</td><td>event,</td><td>issue,</td><td>outgrowth,</td><td>result.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The cause <i>of</i> the disaster; cause <i>for</i> interference.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CEASE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstain,</td><td>desist,</td><td>give over,</td><td>quit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring to an end,</td><td>discontinue,</td><td>intermit,</td><td>refrain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>come to an end,</td><td>end,</td><td>leave off,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclude,</td><td>finish,</td><td>pause,</td><td>terminate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Strains of music may gradually or suddenly <i>cease</i>. A man +<i>quits</i> work on the instant; he may <i>discontinue</i> a practise gradually;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +he <i>quits</i> suddenly and completely; he <i>stops</i> short in what +he may or may not resume; he <i>pauses</i> in what he will probably +resume. What <i>intermits</i> or is <i>intermitted</i> returns again, as a +fever that <i>intermits</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABANDON">ABANDON</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DIE">DIE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#END_v">END</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REST">REST</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>begin,</td><td>enter upon,</td><td>initiate,</td><td>originate,</td><td>set going,</td><td>set on foot,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commence,</td><td>inaugurate,</td><td>institute,</td><td>set about,</td><td>set in operation,</td><td>start.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Cease <i>from</i> anger.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CELEBRATE" id="CELEBRATE"></a>CELEBRATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>commemorate,</td><td>keep,</td><td>observe,</td><td>solemnize.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>celebrate</i> any event or occasion is to make some demonstration +of respect or rejoicing because of or in memory of it, or to +perform such public rites or ceremonies as it properly demands. +We <i>celebrate</i> the birth, <i>commemorate</i> the death of one beloved or +honored. We <i>celebrate</i> a national anniversary with music and +song, with firing of guns and ringing of bells; we <i>commemorate</i> +by any solemn and thoughtful service, or by a monument or other +enduring memorial. We <i>keep</i> the Sabbath, <i>solemnize</i> a marriage, +<i>observe</i> an anniversary; we <i>celebrate</i> or <i>observe</i> the Lord's Supper +in which believers <i>commemorate</i> the sufferings and death of Christ.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contemn,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>forget,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>profane,</td></tr> +<tr><td>despise,</td><td>disregard,</td><td>ignore,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>violate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We celebrate the day <i>with</i> appropriate ceremonies; the victory +was celebrated <i>by</i> the people, <i>with</i> rejoicing.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CENTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>middle,</td><td>midst.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We speak of the <i>center</i> of a circle, the <i>middle</i> of a room, the +<i>middle</i> of the street, the <i>midst</i> of a forest. The <i>center</i> is equally +distant from every point of the circumference of a circle, or from +the opposite boundaries on each axis of a parallelogram, etc.; the +<i>middle</i> is more general and less definite. The <i>center</i> is a point; +the <i>middle</i> may be a line or a space. We say <i>at</i> the <i>center</i>; <i>in</i> +the <i>middle</i>. <i>Midst</i> commonly implies a group or multitude of +surrounding objects. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMID">AMID</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bound,</td><td>boundary,</td><td>circumference,</td><td>perimeter,</td><td>rim.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="CHAGRIN" id="CHAGRIN"></a>CHAGRIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>confusion,</td><td>discomposure,</td><td>humiliation,</td><td>shame,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disappointment,</td><td>dismay,</td><td>mortification,</td><td>vexation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Chagrin</i> unites <i>disappointment</i> with some degree of <i>humiliation</i>. +A rainy day may bring <i>disappointment</i>; needless failure +in some enterprise brings <i>chagrin</i>. <i>Shame</i> involves the consciousness +of fault, guilt, or impropriety; <i>chagrin</i> of failure of judgment, +or harm to reputation. A consciousness that one has displayed +his own ignorance will cause him <i>mortification</i>, however +worthy his intent; if there was a design to deceive, the exposure +will cover him with <i>shame</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>delight,</td><td>exultation,</td><td>glory,</td><td>rejoicing,</td><td>triumph.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>He felt deep chagrin <i>at</i> (<i>because of</i>, <i>on account of</i>) failure.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHANGE_v" id="CHANGE_v"></a>CHANGE, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alter,</td><td>exchange,</td><td>shift,</td><td>transmute,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commute,</td><td>metamorphose,</td><td>substitute,</td><td>turn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>convert,</td><td>modify,</td><td>transfigure,</td><td>vary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diversify,</td><td>qualify,</td><td>transform,</td><td>veer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>change</i> is distinctively to make a thing other than it has +been, in some respect at least; to <i>exchange</i> to put or take something +else in its place; to <i>alter</i> is ordinarily to <i>change</i> partially, to +make different in one or more particulars. To <i>exchange</i> is often +to transfer ownership; as, to <i>exchange</i> city for country property. +<i>Change</i> is often used in the sense of <i>exchange</i>; as, to <i>change</i> +horses. To <i>transmute</i> is to <i>change</i> the qualities while the substance +remains the same; as, to <i>transmute</i> the baser metals into +gold. To <i>transform</i> is to <i>change</i> form or appearance, with or +without deeper and more essential change; it is less absolute than +<i>transmute</i>, tho sometimes used for that word, and is often used +in a spiritual sense as <i>transmute</i> could not be; "Be ye <i>transformed</i> +by the renewing of your mind," <i>Rom.</i> xii, 2. <i>Transfigure</i> +is, as in its Scriptural use, to change in an exalted and glorious +spiritual way; "Jesus ... was <i>transfigured</i> before them, and +his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the +light," <i>Matt.</i> xvii, 1, 2. To <i>metamorphose</i> is to make some +remarkable change, ordinarily in external qualities, but often in +structure, use, or chemical constitution, as of a caterpillar into a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +butterfly, of the stamens of a plant into petals, or of the crystalline +structure of rocks, hence called "metamorphic rocks," as +when a limestone is <i>metamorphosed</i> into a marble. To <i>vary</i> is to +<i>change</i> from time to time, often capriciously. To <i>commute</i> is to +put something easier, lighter, milder, or in some way more favorable +in place of that which is <i>commuted</i>; as, to <i>commute</i> capital +punishment to imprisonment for life; to <i>commute</i> daily fares on a +railway to a monthly payment. To <i>convert</i> (L. <i>con</i>, with, and +<i>verto</i>, turn) is to primarily <i>turn</i> about, and signifies to <i>change</i> in +form, character, use, etc., through a wide range of relations; +iron is <i>converted</i> into steel, joy into grief, a sinner into a saint. +To <i>turn</i> is a popular word for <i>change</i> in any sense short of the +meaning of <i>exchange</i>, being often equivalent to <i>alter</i>, <i>convert</i>, +<i>transform</i>, <i>transmute</i>, etc. We <i>modify</i> or <i>qualify</i> a statement +which might seem too strong; we <i>modify</i> it by some limitation, +<i>qualify</i> it by some addition.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abide,</td><td>continue,</td><td>hold,</td><td>persist,</td><td>retain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bide,</td><td>endure,</td><td>keep,</td><td>remain,</td><td>stay.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To change a home toilet <i>for</i> a street dress; to change <i>from</i> a +caterpillar <i>to</i> or <i>into</i> a butterfly; to change clothes <i>with</i> a beggar.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CHANGE, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alteration,</td><td>mutation,</td><td>renewing,</td><td>transmutation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conversion,</td><td>novelty,</td><td>revolution,</td><td>variation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diversity,</td><td>regeneration,</td><td>transformation,</td><td>variety,</td></tr> +<tr><td>innovation,</td><td>renewal,</td><td>transition,</td><td>vicissitude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>change</i> is a passing from one state or form to another, any +act or process by which a thing becomes unlike what it was +before, or the unlikeness so produced; we say a <i>change</i> was taking +place, or the <i>change</i> that had taken place was manifest. +<i>Mutation</i> is a more formal word for <i>change</i>, often suggesting +repeated or continual <i>change</i>; as, the <i>mutations</i> of fortune. +<i>Novelty</i> is a <i>change</i> to what is new, or the newness of that to +which a change is made; as, he was perpetually desirous of <i>novelty</i>. +<i>Revolution</i> is specifically and most commonly a <i>change</i> of +government. <i>Variation</i> is a partial <i>change</i> in form, qualities, +etc., but especially in position or action; as, the <i>variation</i> of the +magnetic needle or of the pulse. <i>Variety</i> is a succession of +<i>changes</i> or an intermixture of different things, and is always<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +thought of as agreeable. <i>Vicissitude</i> is sharp, sudden, or violent +<i>change</i>, always thought of as surprising and often as disturbing or +distressing; as, the <i>vicissitudes</i> of politics. <i>Transition</i> is <i>change</i> +by passing from one place or state to another, especially in a natural, +regular, or orderly way; as, the <i>transition</i> from spring to +summer, or from youth to manhood. An <i>innovation</i> is a <i>change</i> +that breaks in upon an established order or custom; as, an <i>innovation</i> +in religion or politics. For the distinctions between the other +words compare the synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHANGE_v">CHANGE</a></span>, <i>v.</i> In the religious +sense <i>regeneration</i> is the vital <i>renewing</i> of the soul by the power +of the divine Spirit; <i>conversion</i> is the conscious and manifest +<i>change</i> from evil to good, or from a lower to a higher spiritual +state; as, in <i>Luke</i> xxii, 32, "when thou art <i>converted</i>, strengthen +thy brethren." In popular use <i>conversion</i> is the most common +word to express the idea of <i>regeneration</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>constancy,</td><td>fixedness,</td><td>invariability,</td><td>steadiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continuance,</td><td>fixity,</td><td>permanence,</td><td>unchangeableness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>firmness,</td><td>identity,</td><td>persistence,</td><td>uniformity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We have made a change <i>for</i> the better; the change <i>from</i> +winter to spring; the change <i>of</i> a liquid <i>to</i> or <i>into</i> a gas; a change +<i>in</i> quality; a change <i>by</i> absorption or oxidation.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHARACTER" id="CHARACTER"></a>CHARACTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>constitution,</td><td>genius,</td><td>personality,</td><td>reputation,</td><td>temper,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disposition,</td><td>nature,</td><td>record,</td><td>spirit,</td><td>temperament.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Character</i> is what one is; <i>reputation</i>, what he is thought to +be; his <i>record</i> is the total of his known action or inaction. As a +rule, a man's <i>record</i> will substantially express his <i>character</i>; his +<i>reputation</i> may be higher or lower than his <i>character</i> or <i>record</i> +will justify. <i>Repute</i> is a somewhat formal word, with the same +general sense as <i>reputation</i>. One's <i>nature</i> includes all his original +endowments or propensities; <i>character</i> includes both natural +and acquired traits. We speak of one's physical <i>constitution</i> as +strong or weak, etc., and figuratively, always with the adjective, +of his mental or moral <i>constitution</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARACTERISTIC">CHARACTERISTIC</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The witness has a character <i>for</i> veracity; his character is <i>above</i> +suspicion; the character <i>of</i> the applicant.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHARACTERISTIC" id="CHARACTERISTIC"></a>CHARACTERISTIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attribute,</td><td>feature,</td><td>peculiarity,</td><td>sign,</td><td>trace,</td></tr> +<tr><td>character,</td><td>indication,</td><td>property,</td><td>singularity,</td><td>trait.</td></tr> +<tr><td>distinction,</td><td>mark,</td><td colspan="3">quality,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>characteristic</i> belongs to the nature or <i>character</i> of the person, +thing, or class, and serves to identify an object; as, a copper-colored +skin, high cheek-bones, and straight, black hair are <i>characteristics</i> +of the American Indian. A <i>sign</i> is manifest to an +observer; a <i>mark</i> or a <i>characteristic</i> may be more difficult to discover; +an insensible person may show <i>signs</i> of life, while sometimes +only close examination will disclose <i>marks</i> of violence. +Pallor is ordinarily a <i>mark</i> of fear; but in some brave natures it +is simply a <i>characteristic</i> of intense earnestness. <i>Mark</i> is sometimes +used in a good, but often in a bad sense; we speak of the +<i>characteristic</i> of a gentleman, the <i>mark</i> of a villain. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTRIBUTE_n">ATTRIBUTE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARACTER">CHARACTER</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHARMING" id="CHARMING"></a>CHARMING.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bewitching,</td><td>delightful,</td><td>enrapturing,</td><td>fascinating,</td></tr> +<tr><td>captivating,</td><td>enchanting,</td><td>entrancing,</td><td>winning.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>charming</i> or <i>bewitching</i> which is adapted to win others +as by a magic spell. <i>Enchanting</i>, <i>enrapturing</i>, <i>entrancing</i> represent +the influence as not only supernatural, but irresistible and +<i>delightful</i>. That which is <i>fascinating</i> may win without delighting, +drawing by some unseen power, as a serpent its prey; we can +speak of horrible <i>fascination</i>. <i>Charming</i> applies only to what is +external to oneself; <i>delightful</i> may apply to personal experiences +or emotions as well; we speak of a <i>charming</i> manner, a <i>charming</i> +dress, but of <i>delightful</i> anticipations. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMIABLE">AMIABLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHASTEN" id="CHASTEN"></a>CHASTEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>afflict,</td><td>chastise,</td><td>discipline,</td><td>punish,</td><td>refine,</td><td>subdue,</td></tr> +<tr><td>castigate,</td><td>correct,</td><td>humble,</td><td>purify,</td><td>soften,</td><td>try.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Castigate</i> and <i>chastise</i> refer strictly to corporal punishment, tho +both are somewhat archaic; <i>correct</i> and <i>punish</i> are often used as +euphemisms in preference to either. <i>Punish</i> is distinctly retributive +in sense; <i>chastise</i>, partly retributive, and partly corrective; +<i>chasten</i>, wholly corrective. <i>Chasten</i> is used exclusively in the +spiritual sense, and chiefly of the visitation of God.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>"We are chastened <i>of</i> the Lord," <i>1 Cor.</i> xi, 32; "they ...<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +chastened us <i>after</i> their own pleasure, but He <i>for</i> our profit," <i>Heb.</i> +xii, 10; "chasten <i>in</i> thy hot displeasure," <i>Ps.</i> iv, 7; chasten <i>with</i> +pain; <i>by</i> trials and sorrows.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CHERISH" id="CHERISH"></a>CHERISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cheer,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>harbor,</td><td>nurse,</td><td>shelter,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cling to,</td><td>entertain,</td><td>hold dear,</td><td>nurture,</td><td>treasure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>foster,</td><td>nourish,</td><td>protect,</td><td>value.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>cherish</i> is both to <i>hold dear</i> and to treat as dear. Mere unexpressed +esteem would not be <i>cherishing</i>. In the marriage vow, +"to love, honor, and <i>cherish</i>," the word <i>cherish</i> implies all that +each can do by love and tenderness for the welfare and happiness +of the other, as by support, protection, care in sickness, comfort +in sorrow, sympathy, and help of every kind. To <i>nurse</i> is to tend +the helpless or feeble, as infants, or the sick or wounded. To +<i>nourish</i> is strictly to sustain and build up by food; to <i>nurture</i> includes +careful mental and spiritual training, with something of +love and tenderness; to <i>foster</i> is simply to maintain and care for, +to bring up; a <i>foster</i>-child will be <i>nourished</i>, but may not be as +tenderly <i>nurtured</i> or as lovingly <i>cherished</i> as if one's own. In the +figurative sense, the opinion one <i>cherishes</i> he holds, not with mere +cold conviction, but with loving devotion.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABANDON">ABANDON</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHASTEN">CHASTEN</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CHOOSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cull,</td><td>elect,</td><td>pick,</td><td>pick out,</td><td>prefer,</td><td>select.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Prefer</i> indicates a state of desire and approval; <i>choose</i>, an act +of will. Prudence or generosity may lead one to <i>choose</i> what he +does not <i>prefer</i>. <i>Select</i> implies a careful consideration of the +reasons for preference and choice. Among objects so nearly alike +that we have no reason to <i>prefer</i> any one to another we may simply +<i>choose</i> the nearest, but we could not be said to <i>select</i> it. Aside +from theology, <i>elect</i> is popularly confined to the political sense; +as, a free people <i>elect</i> their own rulers. <i>Cull</i>, from the Latin <i>colligere</i>, +commonly means to collect, as well as to <i>select</i>. In a garden +we <i>cull</i> the choicest flowers.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cast away,</td><td>decline,</td><td>dismiss,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>repudiate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cast out,</td><td>disclaim,</td><td>leave,</td><td>reject,</td><td>throw aside.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Choose <i>from</i> or <i>from among</i> the number; choose <i>out of</i> the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +army; choose <i>between</i> (or <i>betwixt</i>) two; <i>among</i> many; choose <i>for</i> +the purpose.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CIRCUMLOCUTION" id="CIRCUMLOCUTION"></a>CIRCUMLOCUTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>diffuseness,</td><td>prolixity,</td><td>surplusage,</td><td>verbiage,</td></tr> +<tr><td>periphrasis,</td><td>redundance,</td><td>tautology,</td><td>verbosity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>pleonasm,</td><td>redundancy,</td><td>tediousness,</td><td>wordiness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Circumlocution</i> and <i>periphrasis</i> are roundabout ways of expressing +thought; <i>circumlocution</i> is the more common, <i>periphrasis</i> +the more technical word. Constant <i>circumlocution</i> produces +an affected and heavy style; occasionally, skilful <i>periphrasis</i> conduces +both to beauty and to simplicity. Etymologically, <i>diffuseness</i> +is a scattering, both of words and thought; <i>redundancy</i> is an +overflow. <i>Prolixity</i> goes into endless petty details, without selection +or perspective. <i>Pleonasm</i> is the expression of an idea already +plainly implied; <i>tautology</i> is the restatement in other words of an +idea already stated, or a useless repetition of a word or words. +<i>Pleonasm</i> may add emphasis; <i>tautology</i> is always a fault. "I +saw it with my eyes" is a <i>pleonasm</i>; "all the members agreed +unanimously" is <i>tautology</i>. <i>Verbiage</i> is the use of mere words +without thought. <i>Verbosity</i> and <i>wordiness</i> denote an excess of +words in proportion to the thought. <i>Tediousness</i> is the sure result +of any of these faults of style.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brevity,</td><td>compression,</td><td>condensation,</td><td>plainness,</td><td>succinctness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compactness,</td><td>conciseness,</td><td>directness,</td><td>shortness,</td><td>terseness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CIRCUMSTANCE" id="CIRCUMSTANCE"></a>CIRCUMSTANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accompaniment,</td><td>fact,</td><td>item,</td><td>point,</td></tr> +<tr><td>concomitant,</td><td>feature,</td><td>occurrence,</td><td>position,</td></tr> +<tr><td>detail,</td><td>incident,</td><td>particular,</td><td>situation.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">event,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>circumstance</i> (L. <i>circum</i>, around, and <i>sto</i>, stand), is something +existing or occurring in connection with or relation to some +other fact or event, modifying or throwing light upon the principal +matter without affecting its essential character; an <i>accompaniment</i> +is something that unites with the principal matter, tho +not necessary to it; as, the piano <i>accompaniment</i> to a song; a +<i>concomitant</i> goes with a thing in natural connection, but in a subordinate +capacity, or perhaps in contrast; as, cheerfulness is a +<i>concomitant</i> of virtue. A <i>circumstance</i> is not strictly, nor usually, +an occasion, condition, effect, or result. (See these words under<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>.) Nor is the <i>circumstance</i> properly an <i>incident</i>. (See under +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCIDENT">ACCIDENT</a></span>.) We say, "My decision will depend upon <i>circumstances</i>"—not +"upon <i>incidents</i>." That a man wore a blue necktie +would not probably be the cause, occasion, condition, or <i>concomitant</i> +of his committing murder; but it might be a very important +<i>circumstance</i> in identifying him as the murderer. All the <i>circumstances</i> +make up the <i>situation</i>. A certain disease is the cause of a +man's death; his suffering is an <i>incident</i>; that he is in his own +home, that he has good medical attendance, careful nursing, etc., +are consolatory <i>circumstances</i>. With the same idea of subordination, +we often say, "This is not a <i>circumstance</i> to that." So a +person is said to be in easy <i>circumstances</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVENT">EVENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>"Mere situation is expressed by '<i>in</i> the circumstances'; action +affected is performed '<i>under</i> the circumstances.'" [<span class="smcl">M.</span>]</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CLASS" id="CLASS"></a>CLASS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>association,</td><td>circle,</td><td>clique,</td><td>company,</td><td>grade,</td><td>rank,</td></tr> +<tr><td>caste,</td><td>clan,</td><td>club,</td><td>coterie,</td><td>order,</td><td>set.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>class</i> is a number or body of persons or objects having common +pursuits, purposes, attributes, or characteristics. A <i>caste</i> is +hereditary; a <i>class</i> may be independent of lineage or descent; +membership in a <i>caste</i> is supposed to be for life; membership in a +<i>class</i> may be very transient; a religious and ceremonial sacredness +attaches to the <i>caste</i>, as not to the <i>class</i>. The rich and the +poor form separate <i>classes</i>; yet individuals are constantly passing +from each to the other; the <i>classes</i> in a college remain the same, +but their membership changes every year. We speak of <i>rank</i> +among hereditary nobility or military officers; of various <i>orders</i> +of the priesthood; by accommodation, we may refer in a general +way to the higher <i>ranks</i>, the lower <i>orders</i> of any society. <i>Grade</i> +implies some regular scale of valuation, and some inherent qualities +for which a person or thing is placed higher or lower in the +scale; as, the coarser and finer <i>grades</i> of wool; a man of an inferior +<i>grade</i>. A <i>coterie</i> is a small company of persons of similar +tastes, who meet frequently in an informal way, rather for social +enjoyment than for any serious purpose. <i>Clique</i> has always an +unfavorable meaning. A <i>clique</i> is always fractional, implying +some greater gathering of which it is a part; the association breaks +up into <i>cliques</i>. Persons unite in a <i>coterie</i> through simple liking<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> +for one another; they withdraw into a <i>clique</i> largely through aversion +to outsiders. A <i>set</i>, while exclusive, is more extensive than +a <i>clique</i>, and chiefly of persons who are united by common social +station, etc. <i>Circle</i> is similar in meaning to <i>set</i>, but of wider application; +we speak of scientific and religious as well as of social +<i>circles</i>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A class <i>of</i> merchants; the senior class <i>at</i> (sometimes <i>of</i>) Harvard; +the classes <i>in</i> college.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CLEANSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brush,</td><td>dust,</td><td>purify,</td><td>scour,</td><td>sponge,</td><td>wash,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clean,</td><td>lave,</td><td>rinse,</td><td>scrub,</td><td>sweep,</td><td>wipe.</td></tr> +<tr><td>disinfect,</td><td colspan="5">mop,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>clean</i> is to make clean by removing dirt, impurities, or soil +of any kind. <i>Cleanse</i> implies a worse condition to start from, +and more to do, than <i>clean</i>. Hercules <i>cleansed</i> the Augean stables. +<i>Cleanse</i> is especially applied to purifying processes where liquid is +used, as in the flushing of a street, etc. We <i>brush</i> clothing if +dusty, <i>sponge</i> it, or <i>sponge</i> it off, if soiled; or <i>sponge</i> off a spot. +Furniture, books, etc., are <i>dusted</i>; floors are <i>mopped</i> or <i>scrubbed</i>; +metallic utensils are <i>scoured</i>; a room is <i>swept</i>; soiled garments +are <i>washed</i>; foul air or water is <i>purified</i>. <i>Cleanse</i> and <i>purify</i> +are used extensively in a moral sense; <i>wash</i> in that sense is archaic. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMEND">AMEND</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>befoul,</td><td>besmirch,</td><td>contaminate,</td><td>debase,</td><td>deprave,</td><td>soil,</td><td>stain,</td><td>taint,</td></tr> +<tr><td>besmear,</td><td>bespatter,</td><td>corrupt,</td><td>defile,</td><td>pollute,</td><td>spoil,</td><td>sully,</td><td>vitiate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Cleanse <i>of</i> or <i>from</i> physical or moral defilement; cleanse <i>with</i> +an instrument; <i>by</i> an agent; the room was cleansed <i>by</i> the attendants +<i>with</i> soap and water.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CLEAR" id="CLEAR"></a>CLEAR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apparent,</td><td>intelligible,</td><td>pellucid,</td><td>transparent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diaphanous,</td><td>limpid,</td><td>perspicuous,</td><td>unadorned,</td></tr> +<tr><td>distinct,</td><td>lucid,</td><td>plain,</td><td>unambiguous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>evident,</td><td>manifest,</td><td>straightforward,</td><td>unequivocal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>explicit,</td><td>obvious,</td><td>translucent,</td><td>unmistakable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Clear</i> (L. <i>clarus</i>, bright, brilliant) primarily refers to that +which shines, and impresses the mind through the eye with a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +sense of luster or splendor. A substance is said to be <i>clear</i> that +offers no impediment to vision—is not dim, dark, or obscure. +<i>Transparent</i> refers to the medium through which a substance is +seen, <i>clear</i> to the substance itself, without reference to anything +to be seen through it; we speak of a stream as <i>clear</i> when we +think of the water itself; we speak of it as <i>transparent</i> with reference +to the ease with which we see the pebbles at the bottom. +<i>Clear</i> is also said of that which comes to the senses without +dimness, dulness, obstruction, or obscurity, so that there is +no uncertainty as to its exact form, character, or meaning, with +something of the brightness or brilliancy implied in the primary +meaning of the word <i>clear</i>; as, the outlines of the ship were <i>clear</i> +against the sky; a <i>clear</i> view; a <i>clear</i> note; "<i>clear</i> as a bell;" a +<i>clear</i>, frosty air; a <i>clear</i> sky; a <i>clear</i> statement; hence, the word +is used for that which is free from any kind of obstruction; as, a +<i>clear</i> field. <i>Lucid</i> and <i>pellucid</i> refer to a shining clearness, as of +crystal. A <i>transparent</i> body allows the forms and colors of objects +beyond to be seen through it; a <i>translucent</i> body allows +light to pass through, but may not permit forms and colors to be +distinguished; plate glass is <i>transparent</i>, ground glass is <i>translucent</i>. +<i>Limpid</i> refers to a liquid clearness, or that which suggests +it; as, <i>limpid</i> streams. That which is <i>distinct</i> is well defined, +especially in outline, each part or object standing or seeming +apart from any other, not confused, indefinite, or blurred; <i>distinct</i> +enunciation enables the hearer to catch every word or vocal sound +without perplexity or confusion; a <i>distinct</i> statement is free from +indefiniteness or ambiguity; a <i>distinct</i> apprehension of a thought +leaves the mind in no doubt or uncertainty regarding it. That is +<i>plain</i>, in the sense here considered, which is, as it were, level to +the thought, so that one goes straight on without difficulty or +hindrance; as, <i>plain</i> language; a <i>plain</i> statement; a <i>clear</i> explanation. +<i>Perspicuous</i> is often equivalent to <i>plain</i>, but <i>plain</i> +never wholly loses the meaning of <i>unadorned</i>, so that we can say +the style is <i>perspicuous</i> tho highly ornate, when we could not call +it at once ornate and <i>plain</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVIDENT">EVIDENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ambiguous,</td><td>dim,</td><td>foggy,</td><td>mysterious,</td><td>opaque,</td><td>unintelligible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloudy,</td><td>dubious,</td><td>indistinct,</td><td>obscure,</td><td>turbid,</td><td>vague.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Clear <i>to</i> the mind; clear <i>in</i> argument; clear <i>of</i> or <i>from</i> +annoyances.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="CLEVER" id="CLEVER"></a>CLEVER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>able,</td><td>capable,</td><td>happy,</td><td>keen,</td><td>sharp,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adroit,</td><td>dexterous,</td><td>ingenious,</td><td>knowing,</td><td>skilful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apt,</td><td>expert,</td><td>intellectual,</td><td>quick,</td><td>smart,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bright,</td><td>gifted,</td><td>intelligent,</td><td>quick-witted,</td><td>talented.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Clever</i>, as used in England, especially implies an aptitude for +study or learning, and for excellent tho not preeminent mental +achievement. The early New England usage as implying simple +and weak good nature has largely affected the use of the word +throughout the United States, where it has never been much in +favor. <i>Smart</i>, indicating dashing ability, is now coming to have a +suggestion of unscrupulousness, similar to that of the word <i>sharp</i>, +which makes its use a doubtful compliment. The discriminating +use of such words as <i>able</i>, <i>gifted</i>, <i>talented</i>, etc., is greatly preferable +to an excessive use of the word <i>clever</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACUMEN">ACUMEN</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ASTUTE">ASTUTE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POWER">POWER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>clumsy,</td><td>foolish,</td><td>ignorant,</td><td>slow,</td><td>thick-headed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bungling,</td><td>dull,</td><td>idiotic,</td><td>senseless,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>witless.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>COLLISION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clash,</td><td>concussion,</td><td>contact,</td><td>impact,</td><td>opposition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clashing,</td><td>conflict,</td><td>encounter,</td><td>meeting,</td><td>shock.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Collision</i>, the act or fact of striking violently together, is the +result of motion or action, and is sudden and momentary; <i>contact</i> +may be a condition of rest, and be continuous and permanent; <i>collision</i> +is sudden and violent <i>contact</i>. <i>Concussion</i> is often by transmitted +force rather than by direct <i>impact</i>; two railway-trains +come into <i>collision</i>; an explosion of dynamite shatters neighboring +windows by <i>concussion</i>. <i>Impact</i> is the blow given by the +striking body; as, the <i>impact</i> of the cannon-shot upon the target. +An <i>encounter</i> is always violent, and generally hostile. <i>Meeting</i> is +neutral, and may be of the dearest friends or of the bitterest foes; +of objects, of persons, or of opinions; of two or of a multitude. +<i>Shock</i> is the result of <i>collision</i>. In the figurative use, we speak of +<i>clashing</i> of views, <i>collision</i> of persons. <i>Opposition</i> is used chiefly +of persons, more rarely of opinions or interests; <i>conflict</i> is used indifferently +of all.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>coincidence,</td><td>concord,</td><td>conformity,</td><td>unison,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amity,</td><td>concert,</td><td>concurrence,</td><td>harmony,</td><td>unity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Collision <i>of</i> one object <i>with</i> another; <i>of</i> or <i>between</i> opposing +objects.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="COMFORTABLE" id="COMFORTABLE"></a>COMFORTABLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreeable,</td><td>cheery,</td><td>genial,</td><td>snug,</td></tr> +<tr><td>at ease,</td><td>commodious,</td><td>pleasant,</td><td>well-off,</td></tr> +<tr><td>at rest,</td><td>contented,</td><td>satisfactory,</td><td>well-provided,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheerful,</td><td>convenient,</td><td>satisfied,</td><td>well-to-do.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person is <i>comfortable</i> in mind when <i>contented</i> and measurably +<i>satisfied</i>. A little additional brightness makes him <i>cheerful</i>. +He is <i>comfortable</i> in body when free from pain, quiet, <i>at ease</i>, <i>at +rest</i>. He is <i>comfortable</i> in circumstances, or in <i>comfortable</i> circumstances, +when things about him are generally <i>agreeable</i> and +<i>satisfactory</i>, usually with the suggestion of sufficient means to +secure that result.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cheerless,</td><td>discontented,</td><td>distressed,</td><td>forlorn,</td><td>uncomfortable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disagreeable,</td><td>dissatisfied,</td><td>dreary,</td><td>miserable,</td><td>wretched.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>COMMIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assign,</td><td>confide,</td><td>consign,</td><td>entrust,</td><td>relegate,</td><td>trust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Commit</i>, in the sense here considered, is to give in charge, put +into care or keeping; to <i>confide</i> or <i>entrust</i> is to <i>commit</i> especially +to one's fidelity, <i>confide</i> being used chiefly of mental or spiritual, +<i>entrust</i> also of material things; we <i>assign</i> a duty, <i>confide</i> a secret, +<i>entrust</i> a treasure; we <i>commit</i> thoughts to writing; <i>commit</i> a paper +to the flames, a body to the earth; a prisoner is <i>committed</i> to +jail. <i>Consign</i> is a formal word in mercantile use; as, to <i>consign</i> +goods to an agent. Religiously, we <i>consign</i> the body to the grave, +<i>commit</i> the soul to God. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Commit <i>to</i> a friend <i>for</i> safe-keeping; in law, commit <i>to</i> prison; +<i>for</i> trial; <i>without</i> bail; in default <i>of</i> bail; <i>on</i> suspicion.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="COMPANY" id="COMPANY"></a>COMPANY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assemblage,</td><td>concourse,</td><td>convocation,</td><td>host,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assembly,</td><td>conference,</td><td>crowd,</td><td>meeting,</td></tr> +<tr><td>collection,</td><td>congregation,</td><td>gathering,</td><td>multitude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclave,</td><td>convention,</td><td>group,</td><td>throng.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Company</i>, from the Latin <i>cum</i>, with, and <i>panis</i>, bread, denotes +primarily the association of those who eat at a common +table, or the persons so associated, table-companions, messmates, +friends, and hence is widely extended to include any association +of those united permanently or temporarily, for business, pleasure,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +festivity, travel, etc., or by sorrow, misfortune, or wrong; <i>company</i> +may denote an indefinite number (ordinarily more than two), +but less than a <i>multitude</i>; in the military sense a <i>company</i> is a +limited and definite number of men; <i>company</i> implies more unity +of feeling and purpose than <i>crowd</i>, and is a less formal and more +familiar word than <i>assemblage</i> or <i>assembly</i>. An <i>assemblage</i> may +be of persons or of objects; an <i>assembly</i> is always of persons. An +<i>assemblage</i> is promiscuous and unorganized; an <i>assembly</i> is organized +and united in some common purpose. A <i>conclave</i> is a secret <i>assembly</i>. +A <i>convocation</i> is an <i>assembly</i> called by authority for a special +purpose; the term <i>convention</i> suggests less dependence upon +any superior authority or summons. A <i>group</i> is small in number +and distinct in outline, clearly marked off from all else in space or +time. <i>Collection</i>, <i>crowd</i>, <i>gathering</i>, <i>group</i>, and <i>multitude</i> have +the unorganized and promiscuous character of the <i>assemblage</i>; the +other terms come under the general idea of <i>assembly</i>. <i>Congregation</i> +is now almost exclusively religious; <i>meeting</i> is often so used, +but is less restricted, as we may speak of a <i>meeting</i> of armed men. +<i>Gathering</i> refers to a coming together, commonly of numbers, +from far and near; as, the <i>gathering</i> of the Scottish clans.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dispersion,</td><td>loneliness,</td><td>privacy,</td><td>retirement,</td><td>seclusion,</td><td>solitude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="COMPEL" id="COMPEL"></a>COMPEL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>coerce,</td><td>drive,</td><td>make,</td><td rowspan="2">oblige.</td></tr> +<tr><td>constrain,</td><td>force,</td><td>necessitate,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>compel</i> one to an act is to secure its performance by the use +of irresistible physical or moral force. <i>Force</i> implies primarily an +actual physical process, absolutely subduing all resistance. <i>Coerce</i> +implies the actual or potential use of so much force as may be +necessary to secure the surrender of the will; the American secessionists +contended that the Federal government had no right to +<i>coerce</i> a State. <i>Constrain</i> implies the yielding of judgment and +will, and in some cases of inclination or affection, to an overmastering +power; as, "the love of Christ <i>constraineth</i> us," <i>2 Cor.</i> v, +14. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRIVE">DRIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INFLUENCE">INFLUENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The soldiers were compelled <i>to</i> desertion: preferably with the +infinitive, compelled <i>to</i> desert.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p> + +<h3>COMPLAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>croak,</td><td>growl,</td><td>grunt,</td><td>remonstrate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>find fault,</td><td>grumble,</td><td>murmur,</td><td>repine.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>complain</i> is to give utterance to dissatisfaction or objection, +express a sense of wrong or ill treatment. One <i>complains</i> of a +real or assumed grievance; he may <i>murmur</i> through mere peevishness +or ill temper; he <i>repines</i>, with vain distress, at the irrevocable +or the inevitable. <i>Complaining</i> is by speech or writing; +<i>murmuring</i> is commonly said of half-repressed utterance; <i>repining</i> +of the mental act alone. One may <i>complain</i> of an offense to +the offender or to others; he <i>remonstrates</i> with the offender only. +<i>Complain</i> has a formal and legal meaning, which the other words +have not, signifying to make a formal accusation, present a specific +charge; the same is true of the noun <i>complaint</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>applaud,</td><td>approve,</td><td>commend,</td><td>eulogize,</td><td>laud,</td><td>praise.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Complain <i>of</i> a thing <i>to</i> a person; <i>of</i> one person <i>to</i> another, <i>of</i> +or <i>against</i> a person <i>for</i> an act; <i>to</i> an officer; <i>before</i> the court; +<i>about</i> a thing.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="COMPLEX" id="COMPLEX"></a>COMPLEX.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstruse,</td><td>confused,</td><td>intricate,</td><td>mixed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complicated,</td><td>conglomerate,</td><td>involved,</td><td>multiform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>composite,</td><td>entangled,</td><td>manifold,</td><td>obscure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compound,</td><td>heterogeneous,</td><td>mingled,</td><td>tangled.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>complex</i> which is made up of several connected parts. +That is <i>compound</i> in which the parts are not merely connected, +but fused, or otherwise combined into a single substance. In a +<i>composite</i> object the different parts have less of unity than in that +which is <i>complex</i> or <i>compound</i>, but maintain their distinct individuality. +In a <i>heterogeneous</i> body unlike parts or particles are +intermingled, often without apparent order or plan. <i>Conglomerate</i> +(literally, globed together) is said of a <i>confused</i> mingling of +masses or lumps of various substances. The New England pudding-stone +is a <i>conglomerate</i> rock. In a <i>complex</i> object the arrangement +and relation of parts may be perfectly clear; in a <i>complicated</i> +mechanism the parts are so numerous, or so combined, +that the mind can not readily grasp their mutual relations; in an +<i>intricate</i> arrangement the parts are so intertwined that it is difficult +to follow their windings; things are <i>involved</i> which are rolled<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> +together so as not to be easily separated, either in thought or in +fact; things which are <i>tangled</i> or <i>entangled</i> mutually hold and +draw upon each other. The conception of a material object is +usually <i>complex</i>, involving form, color, size, and other elements; +a clock is a <i>complicated</i> mechanism; the Gordian knot was <i>intricate</i>; +the twining serpents of the Laocoon are <i>involved</i>. We +speak of an <i>abstruse</i> statement, a <i>complex</i> conception, a <i>confused</i> +heap, a <i>heterogeneous</i> mass, a <i>tangled</i> skein, an <i>intricate</i> problem; +of <i>composite</i> architecture, an <i>involved</i> sentence; of the <i>complicated</i> +or <i>intricate</i> accounts of a great business, the <i>entangled</i> accounts +of an incompetent or dishonest bookkeeper.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>homogeneous,</td><td>plain,</td><td>uncombined,</td><td>uniform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>direct,</td><td>obvious,</td><td>simple,</td><td>uncompounded,</td><td>unraveled.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONDEMN" id="CONDEMN"></a>CONDEMN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blame,</td><td>convict,</td><td>doom,</td><td>reprove,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>denounce,</td><td>reprobate,</td><td>sentence.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>condemn</i> is to pass judicial sentence or render judgment or +decision against. We may <i>censure</i> silently; we <i>condemn</i> ordinarily +by open and formal utterance. <i>Condemn</i> is more final than +<i>blame</i> or <i>censure</i>; a <i>condemned</i> criminal has had his trial; a <i>condemned</i> +building can not stand; a <i>condemned</i> ship can not sail. A +person is <i>convicted</i> when his guilt is made clearly manifest to +others; in somewhat archaic use, a person is said to be <i>convicted</i> +when guilt is brought clearly home to his own conscience (<i>convict</i> +in this sense being allied with <i>convince</i>, which see under <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERSUADE">PERSUADE</a></span>); +in legal usage one is said to be <i>convicted</i> only by the verdict +of a jury. In stating the penalty of an offense, the legal +word <i>sentence</i> is now more common than <i>condemn</i>; as, he was +<i>sentenced</i> to imprisonment; but it is good usage to say, he was +<i>condemned</i> to imprisonment. To <i>denounce</i> is to make public or +official declaration against, especially in a violent and threatening +manner.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>From the pulpits in the northern States Burr was <i>denounced</i> as an assassin.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Coffin</span> <i>Building the Nation</i> ch. 10, p. 137. [<span class="smcl">H.</span> '83.]</p></div> + +<p>To <i>doom</i> is to <i>condemn</i> solemnly and consign to evil or destruction +or to predetermine to an evil destiny; an inferior race in +presence of a superior is <i>doomed</i> to subjugation or extinction. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARRAIGN">ARRAIGN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REPROVE">REPROVE</a></span>.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolve,</td><td>applaud,</td><td>exonerate,</td><td>pardon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquit,</td><td>approve,</td><td>justify,</td><td>praise.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The bandit was condemned <i>to</i> death <i>for</i> his crime.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONFESS" id="CONFESS"></a>CONFESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accept,</td><td>allow,</td><td>concede,</td><td>grant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acknowledge,</td><td>avow,</td><td>disclose,</td><td>own,</td></tr> +<tr><td>admit,</td><td>certify,</td><td>endorse,</td><td>recognize.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We <i>accept</i> another's statement; <i>admit</i> any point made against +us; <i>acknowledge</i> what we have said or done, good or bad; <i>avow</i> +our individual beliefs or feelings; <i>certify</i> to facts within our +knowledge; <i>confess</i> our own faults; <i>endorse</i> a friend's note or +statement; <i>grant</i> a request; <i>own</i> our faults or obligations; <i>recognize</i> +lawful authority; <i>concede</i> a claim. <i>Confess</i> has a high and +sacred use in the religious sense; as, to <i>confess</i> Christ before men. +It may have also a playful sense (often with <i>to</i>); as, one <i>confesses +to</i> a weakness for confectionery. The chief present use of the +word, however, is in the sense of making known to others one's +own wrong-doing; in this sense <i>confess</i> is stronger than <i>acknowledge</i> +or <i>admit</i>, and more specific than <i>own</i>; a person <i>admits</i> a +mistake; <i>acknowledges</i> a fault; <i>confesses</i> sin or crime. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#APOLOGY">APOLOGY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#AVOW">AVOW</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cloak,</td><td>deny,</td><td>disown,</td><td>hide,</td><td>screen,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceal,</td><td>disavow,</td><td>dissemble,</td><td>mask,</td><td>secrete,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cover,</td><td>disguise,</td><td>dissimulate,</td><td>repudiate,</td><td>veil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONFIRM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assure,</td><td>fix,</td><td>sanction,</td><td>substantiate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>corroborate,</td><td>prove,</td><td>settle,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>establish,</td><td>ratify,</td><td>strengthen,</td><td>uphold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Confirm</i> (L. <i>con</i>, together, and <i>firmus</i>, firm) is to add firmness +or give stability to. Both <i>confirm</i> and <i>corroborate</i> presuppose +something already existing to which the confirmation or corroboration +is added. Testimony is <i>corroborated</i> by concurrent testimony +or by circumstances; <i>confirmed</i> by <i>established</i> facts. That +which is thoroughly <i>proved</i> is said to be <i>established</i>; so is that +which is official and has adequate power behind it; as, the <i>established</i> +government; the <i>established</i> church. The continents are +<i>fixed</i>. A treaty is <i>ratified</i>; an appointment <i>confirmed</i>. An act +is <i>sanctioned</i> by any person or authority that passes upon it<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +approvingly. A statement is <i>substantiated</i>; a report <i>confirmed</i>; +a controversy <i>settled</i>; the decision of a lower court <i>sustained</i> by +a higher. Just government should be <i>upheld</i>. The beneficent +results of Christianity <i>confirm</i> our faith in it as a divine revelation.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abrogate,</td><td>cancel,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>shatter,</td><td>upset,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annul,</td><td>destroy,</td><td>shake,</td><td>unsettle,</td><td>weaken.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Confirm a statement <i>by</i> testimony; confirm a person <i>in</i> a belief.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONGRATULATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>felicitate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>felicitate</i> is to pronounce one happy or wish one joy; to +<i>congratulate</i> is to express hearty sympathy in his joys or hopes. +<i>Felicitate</i> is cold and formal. We say one <i>felicitates</i> himself; +tho to <i>congratulate</i> oneself, which is less natural, is becoming +prevalent.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>condole with,</td><td>console.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Congratulate one <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> his success.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONQUER" id="CONQUER"></a>CONQUER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beat,</td><td>humble,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>subject,</td></tr> +<tr><td>checkmate,</td><td>master,</td><td>prevail over,</td><td>subjugate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crush,</td><td>overcome,</td><td>put down,</td><td>surmount,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defeat,</td><td>overmaster,</td><td>reduce,</td><td>vanquish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discomfit,</td><td>overmatch,</td><td>rout,</td><td>win,</td></tr> +<tr><td>down,</td><td>overpower,</td><td>subdue,</td><td>worst.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>defeat</i> an enemy is to gain an advantage for the time; to +<i>vanquish</i> is to win a signal victory; to <i>conquer</i> is to <i>overcome</i> so +effectually that the victory is regarded as final. <i>Conquer</i>, in +many cases, carries the idea of possession; as, to <i>conquer</i> respect, +affection, peace, etc. A country is <i>conquered</i> when its armies are +defeated and its territory is occupied by the enemy; it may be +<i>subjected</i> to indemnity or to various disabilities; it is <i>subjugated</i> +when it is held helplessly and continuously under military control; +it is <i>subdued</i> when all resistance has died out. An army is <i>defeated</i> +when forcibly driven back; it is <i>routed</i> when it is converted +into a mob of fugitives. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAT">BEAT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>capitulate,</td><td>fail,</td><td>fly,</td><td>lose,</td><td>retire,</td><td>submit,</td><td>surrender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cede,</td><td>fall,</td><td>forfeit,</td><td>resign,</td><td>retreat,</td><td>succumb,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> + +<h3>CONSCIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advised,</td><td>assured,</td><td>certain,</td><td>cognizant,</td><td>sensible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprised,</td><td>aware,</td><td>certified,</td><td>informed,</td><td>sure.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One is <i>aware</i> of that which exists without him; he is <i>conscious</i> +of the inner workings of his own mind. <i>Sensible</i> may be used in +the exact sense of <i>conscious</i>, or it may partake of both the senses +mentioned above. One may be <i>sensible</i> of his own or another's +error; he is <i>conscious</i> only of his own. A person may feel <i>assured</i> +or <i>sure</i> of something false or non-existent; what he is <i>aware</i> of, +still more what he is <i>conscious</i> of, must be fact. <i>Sensible</i> has +often a reference to the emotions where <i>conscious</i> might apply +only to the intellect; to say a culprit is <i>sensible</i> of his degradation +is more forcible than to say he is <i>conscious</i> of it.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cold,</td><td>dead,</td><td>deaf,</td><td>ignorant,</td><td>insensible,</td><td>unaware,</td><td>unconscious.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>On the stormy sea, man is conscious <i>of</i> the limitation of human +power.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONSEQUENCE" id="CONSEQUENCE"></a>CONSEQUENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>consequent,</td><td>end,</td><td>issue,</td><td>outgrowth,</td><td>sequel,</td></tr> +<tr><td>effect,</td><td>event,</td><td>outcome,</td><td>result,</td><td>upshot.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Effect</i> is the strongest of these words; it is that which is directly +produced by the action of an efficient cause; we say, "Every +<i>effect</i> must have an adequate cause" (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>). In regard +to human actions, <i>effect</i> commonly relates to intention; as, +the shot took <i>effect</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, the <i>effect</i> intended. A <i>consequence</i> is +that which follows an act naturally, but less directly than the +<i>effect</i>. The motion of the piston is the <i>effect</i>, and the agitation of +the water under the paddle-wheels a <i>consequence</i> of the expansion +of steam in the cylinder. The <i>result</i> is, literally, the rebound of +an act, depending on many elements; the <i>issue</i> is that which +flows forth directly; we say the <i>issue</i> of a battle, the <i>result</i> of a +campaign. A <i>consequent</i> commonly is that which follows simply +in order of time, or by logical inference. The <i>end</i> is the actual +<i>outcome</i> without determination of its relation to what has gone +before; it is ordinarily viewed as either the necessary, natural, or +logical <i>outcome</i>, any <i>effect</i>, <i>consequence</i>, or <i>result</i> being termed an +<i>end</i>; as, the <i>end</i> of such a course must be ruin. The <i>event</i> (L. <i>e</i>, +out, and <i>venio</i>, come) is primarily exactly the same in meaning as +<i>outcome</i>; but in use it is more nearly equivalent to <i>upshot</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +signifying the sum and substance of all <i>effects</i>, <i>consequences</i>, and +<i>results</i> of a course of action. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCIDENT">ACCIDENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CIRCUMSTANCE">CIRCUMSTANCE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#END_n">END</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EVENT">EVENT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONSOLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>condole with,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>sympathize with.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One <i>condoles with</i> another by the expression of kindly sympathy +in his trouble; he <i>consoles</i> him by considerations adapted to +soothe and sustain the spirit, as by the assurances and promises of +the gospel; he <i>encourages</i> him by the hope of some relief or deliverance; +he <i>comforts</i> him by whatever act or word tends to +bring mind or body to a state of rest and cheer. We <i>sympathize +with</i> others, not only in sorrow, but in joy. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PITY">PITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annoy,</td><td>distress,</td><td>disturb,</td><td>grieve,</td><td>hurt,</td><td>sadden,</td><td>trouble,</td><td>wound.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONTAGION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>infection.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Infection</i> is frequently confused with <i>contagion</i>, even by medical +men. The best usage now limits <i>contagion</i> to diseases that +are transmitted by contact with the diseased person, either directly +by touch or indirectly by use of the same articles, by breath, +effluvia, etc. <i>Infection</i> is applied to diseases produced by no +known or definable influence of one person upon another, but +where common climatic, malarious, or other wide-spread conditions +are believed to be chiefly instrumental.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONTINUAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ceaseless,</td><td>incessant,</td><td>regular,</td><td>uninterrupted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constant,</td><td>invariable,</td><td>unbroken,</td><td>unremitting,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continuous,</td><td>perpetual,</td><td>unceasing,</td><td>unvarying.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Continuous</i> describes that which is absolutely without pause +or break; <i>continual</i>, that which often intermits, but as regularly +begins again. A <i>continuous</i> beach is exposed to the <i>continual</i> +beating of the waves. A similar distinction is made between <i>incessant</i> +and <i>ceaseless</i>. The <i>incessant</i> discharge of firearms makes +the <i>ceaseless</i> roar of battle. <i>Constant</i> is sometimes used in the +sense of <i>continual</i>; but its chief uses are mental and moral.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p> + +<h3>CONTRACT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>cartel,</td><td>engagement,</td><td>pledge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>arrangement,</td><td>compact,</td><td>obligation,</td><td>promise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bargain,</td><td>covenant,</td><td>pact,</td><td>stipulation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>All these words involve at least two parties, tho an <i>engagement</i> +or <i>promise</i> may be the act of but one. A <i>contract</i> is a formal +agreement between two or more parties for the doing or leaving +undone some specified act or acts, and is ordinarily in writing. +Mutual <i>promises</i> may have the force of a <i>contract</i>. A consideration, +or compensation, is essential to convert an <i>agreement</i> into a +<i>contract</i>. A <i>contract</i> may be oral or written. A <i>covenant</i> in law +is a written <i>contract</i> under seal. <i>Covenant</i> is frequent in religious +usage, as <i>contract</i> is in law and business. <i>Compact</i> is essentially +the same as <i>contract</i>, but is applied to international <i>agreements</i>, +treaties, etc. A <i>bargain</i> is a mutual <i>agreement</i> for an exchange +of values, without the formality of a <i>contract</i>. A <i>stipulation</i> is +a single item in an <i>agreement</i> or <i>contract</i>. A <i>cartel</i> is a military +<i>agreement</i> for the exchange of prisoners or the like.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONTRAST" id="CONTRAST"></a>CONTRAST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compare,</td><td>differentiate,</td><td>discriminate,</td><td>oppose.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>compare</i> (L. <i>con</i>, together, and <i>par</i>, equal) is to place together +in order to show likeness or unlikeness; to <i>contrast</i> (L. <i>contra</i>, +against, and <i>sto</i>, stand) is to set in opposition in order to show +unlikeness. We <i>contrast</i> objects that have been already <i>compared</i>. +We must <i>compare</i> them, at least momentarily, even to know that +they are different. We <i>contrast</i> them when we observe their unlikeness +in a general way; we <i>differentiate</i> them when we note +the difference exactly and point by point. We distinguish objects +when we note a difference that may fall short of <i>contrast</i>; we <i>discriminate</i> +them when we classify or place them according to their +differences.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>We contrast one object <i>with</i> another.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONVERSATION" id="CONVERSATION"></a>CONVERSATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chat,</td><td>communion,</td><td>converse,</td><td>intercourse,</td></tr> +<tr><td>colloquy,</td><td>confabulation,</td><td>dialogue,</td><td>parley,</td></tr> +<tr><td>communication,</td><td>conference,</td><td>discourse,</td><td>talk.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Conversation</i> (Latin <i>con</i>, with) is, etymologically, an interchange +of ideas with some other person or persons. <i>Talk</i> may be<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +wholly one-sided. Many brilliant talkers have been incapable of +<i>conversation</i>. There may be <i>intercourse</i> without <i>conversation</i>, +as by looks, signs, etc.; <i>communion</i> is of hearts, with or without +words; <i>communication</i> is often by writing, and may be uninvited +and unreciprocated. <i>Talk</i> may denote the mere utterance of +words with little thought; thus, we say idle <i>talk</i>, empty <i>talk</i>, +rather than idle or empty <i>conversation</i>. <i>Discourse</i> is now applied +chiefly to public addresses. A <i>conference</i> is more formal than a +<i>conversation</i>. <i>Dialog</i> denotes ordinarily an artificial or imaginary +<i>conversation</i>, generally of two persons, but sometimes of more. +A <i>colloquy</i> is indefinite as to number, and generally somewhat informal. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEHAVIOR">BEHAVIOR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Conversation <i>with</i> friends; <i>between</i> or <i>among</i> the guests; <i>about</i> +a matter.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONVERT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disciple,</td><td>neophyte,</td><td>proselyte.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The name <i>disciple</i> is given to the follower of a certain faith, +without reference to any previous belief or allegiance; a <i>convert</i> +is a person who has come to one faith from a different belief or +from unbelief. A <i>proselyte</i> is one who has been led to accept a +religious system, whether with or without true faith; a <i>convert</i> is +always understood to be a believer. A <i>neophyte</i> is a new <i>convert</i>, +not yet fully indoctrinated, or not admitted to full privileges. +The antonyms <i>apostate</i>, <i>pervert</i>, and <i>renegade</i> are condemnatory +names applied to the <i>convert</i> by those whose faith he forsakes.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CONVEY" id="CONVEY"></a>CONVEY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carry,</td><td>give,</td><td>remove,</td><td>shift,</td><td>transmit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>change,</td><td>move,</td><td>sell,</td><td>transfer,</td><td>transport.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Convey</i>, <i>transmit</i>, and <i>transport</i> all imply delivery at a destination; +as, I will <i>convey</i> the information to your friend; air <i>conveys</i> +sound (to a listener); <i>carry</i> does not necessarily imply delivery, and +often does not admit of it. A man <i>carries</i> an appearance, <i>conveys</i> +an impression, the appearance remaining his own, the impression +being given to another; I will <i>transmit</i> the letter; <i>transport</i> the +goods. A horse <i>carries</i> his mane and tail, but does not <i>convey</i> +them. <i>Transfer</i> may or may not imply delivery to another person; +as, items may be <i>transferred</i> from one account to another<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +or a word <i>transferred</i> to the following line. In law, real estate, +which can not be moved, is <i>conveyed</i> by simply <i>transferring</i> title +and possession. <i>Transport</i> usually refers to material, <i>transfer</i>, +<i>transmit</i>, and <i>convey</i> may refer to immaterial objects; we <i>transfer</i> +possession, <i>transmit</i> intelligence, <i>convey</i> ideas, but do not +<i>transport</i> them. In the case of <i>convey</i> the figurative sense now +predominates. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CARRY">CARRY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cling to,</td><td>hold,</td><td>keep,</td><td>possess,</td><td>preserve,</td><td>retain.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Convey <i>to</i> a friend, a purchaser, etc.; convey <i>from</i> the house +<i>to</i> the station; convey <i>by</i> express, <i>by</i> hand, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>CONVOKE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assemble,</td><td>call together,</td><td>convene,</td><td>muster,</td></tr> +<tr><td>call,</td><td>collect,</td><td>gather,</td><td>summon.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A convention is <i>called</i> by some officer or officers, as by its president, +its executive committee, or some eminent leaders; the delegates +are <i>assembled</i> or <i>convened</i> in a certain place, at a certain +hour. <i>Convoke</i> implies an organized body and a superior authority; +<i>assemble</i> and <i>convene</i> express more independent action; Parliament +is <i>convoked</i>; Congress <i>assembles</i>. Troops are <i>mustered</i>; +witnesses and jurymen are <i>summoned</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adjourn,</td><td>disband,</td><td>dismiss,</td><td>dissolve,</td><td>scatter,</td></tr> +<tr><td>break up,</td><td>discharge,</td><td>disperse,</td><td>prorogue,</td><td>separate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="CRIMINAL" id="CRIMINAL"></a>CRIMINAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abominable,</td><td>flagitious,</td><td>immoral,</td><td>sinful,</td><td>vile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>culpable,</td><td>guilty,</td><td>iniquitous,</td><td>unlawful,</td><td>wicked,</td></tr> +<tr><td>felonious,</td><td>illegal,</td><td>nefarious,</td><td>vicious,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Every <i>criminal</i> act is <i>illegal</i> or <i>unlawful</i>, but <i>illegal</i> or <i>unlawful</i> +acts may not be <i>criminal</i>. Offenses against public law are +<i>criminal</i>; offenses against private rights are merely <i>illegal</i> or <i>unlawful</i>. +As a general rule, all acts punishable by fine or imprisonment +or both, are <i>criminal</i> in view of the law. It is <i>illegal</i> for a +man to trespass on another's land, but it is not <i>criminal</i>; the +trespasser is liable to a civil suit for damages, but not to indictment, +fine, or imprisonment. A <i>felonious</i> act is a <i>criminal</i> act +of an aggravated kind, which is punishable by imprisonment in +the penitentiary or by death. A <i>flagitious</i> crime is one that brings<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +public odium. <i>Vicious</i> refers to the indulgence of evil appetites, +habits, or passions; <i>vicious</i> acts are not necessarily <i>criminal</i>, or +even <i>illegal</i>; we speak of a <i>vicious</i> horse. That which is <i>iniquitous</i>, +<i>i. e.</i>, contrary to equity, may sometimes be done under the +forms of law. Ingratitude is <i>sinful</i>, hypocrisy is <i>wicked</i>, but +neither is punishable by human law; hence, neither is <i>criminal</i> +or <i>illegal</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>innocent,</td><td>lawful,</td><td>meritorious,</td><td>right,</td></tr> +<tr><td>just,</td><td>legal,</td><td>moral,</td><td>virtuous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DAILY" id="DAILY"></a>DAILY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>diurnal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Daily</i> is the Saxon and popular, <i>diurnal</i> the Latin and scientific +term. In strict usage, <i>daily</i> is the antonym of <i>nightly</i> as +<i>diurnal</i> is of <i>nocturnal</i>. <i>Daily</i> is not, however, held strictly to +this use; a physician makes <i>daily</i> visits if he calls at some time +within each period of twenty-four hours. <i>Diurnal</i> is more exact +in all its uses; a <i>diurnal</i> flower opens or blooms only in daylight; +a <i>diurnal</i> bird or animal flies or ranges only by day: in contradistinction +to <i>nocturnal</i> flowers, birds, etc. A <i>diurnal</i> motion +exactly fills an astronomical day or the time of one rotation of a +planet on its axis, while a <i>daily</i> motion is much less definite.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>nightly,</td><td>nocturnal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DANGER" id="DANGER"></a>DANGER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hazard,</td><td>insecurity,</td><td>jeopardy,</td><td>peril,</td><td>risk.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Danger</i> is exposure to possible evil, which may be either near +and probable or remote and doubtful; <i>peril</i> is exposure to imminent +and sharply threatening evil, especially to such as results from +violence. An invalid may be in <i>danger</i> of consumption; a disarmed +soldier is in <i>peril</i> of death. <i>Jeopardy</i> is nearly the same as +<i>peril</i>, but involves, like <i>risk</i>, more of the element of chance or uncertainty; +a man tried upon a capital charge is said to be put in +<i>jeopardy</i> of life. <i>Insecurity</i> is a feeble word, but exceedingly +broad, applying to the placing of a dish, or the possibilities of a +life, a fortune, or a government. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HAZARD">HAZARD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>defense,</td><td>immunity,</td><td>protection,</td><td>safeguard,</td><td>safety,</td><td>security,</td><td>shelter.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DARK" id="DARK"></a>DARK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>black,</td><td>dusky,</td><td>mysterious,</td><td>sable,</td><td>somber,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dim,</td><td>gloomy,</td><td>obscure,</td><td>shadowy,</td><td>swart,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dismal,</td><td>murky,</td><td>opaque,</td><td>shady,</td><td>swarthy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Strictly, that which is <i>black</i> is absolutely destitute of color; +that which is <i>dark</i> is absolutely destitute of light. In common +speech, however, a coat is <i>black</i>, tho not optically colorless; +the night is <i>dark</i>, tho the stars shine. That is <i>obscure</i>, <i>shadowy</i>, +or <i>shady</i> from which the light is more or less cut off. <i>Dusky</i> +is applied to objects which appear as if viewed in fading light; +the word is often used, as are <i>swart</i> and <i>swarthy</i>, of the human +skin when quite <i>dark</i>, or even verging toward <i>black</i>. <i>Dim</i> refers +to imperfection of outline, from distance, darkness, mist, etc., or +from some defect of vision. <i>Opaque</i> objects, as smoked glass, are +impervious to light. <i>Murky</i> is said of that which is at once <i>dark</i>, +<i>obscure</i>, and <i>gloomy</i>; as, a <i>murky</i> den; a <i>murky</i> sky. Figuratively, +<i>dark</i> is emblematic of sadness, agreeing with <i>somber</i>, <i>dismal</i>, +<i>gloomy</i>, also of moral evil; as, a <i>dark</i> deed. Of intellectual +matters, <i>dark</i> is now rarely used in the old sense of a <i>dark</i> saying, +etc. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#MYSTERIOUS">MYSTERIOUS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSCURE">OBSCURE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bright,</td><td>crystalline,</td><td>glowing,</td><td>lucid,</td><td>shining,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brilliant,</td><td>dazzling,</td><td>illumined,</td><td>luminous,</td><td>transparent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>gleaming,</td><td>light,</td><td>radiant,</td><td>white.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#LIGHT">LIGHT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DECAY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>corrupt,</td><td>decompose,</td><td>molder,</td><td>putrefy,</td><td>rot,</td><td>spoil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Rot</i> is a strong word, ordinarily esteemed coarse, but on occasion +capable of approved emphatic use; as, "the name of the +wicked shall <i>rot</i>," <i>Prov.</i> x, 7; <i>decay</i> and <i>decompose</i> are now common +euphemisms. A substance is <i>decomposed</i> when resolved into +its original elements by any process; it is <i>decayed</i> when resolved +into its original elements by natural processes; it <i>decays</i> gradually, +but may be instantly <i>decomposed</i>, as water into oxygen and hydrogen; +to say that a thing is <i>decayed</i> may denote only a partial result, +but to say it is <i>decomposed</i> ordinarily implies that the +change is complete or nearly so. <i>Putrefy</i> and the adjectives +<i>putrid</i> and <i>putrescent</i>, and the nouns <i>putridity</i> and <i>putrescence</i>, +are used almost exclusively of animal matter in a state of decomposition, +the more general word <i>decay</i> being used of either animal +or vegetable substances.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DECEPTION" id="DECEPTION"></a>DECEPTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>craft,</td><td>dissimulation,</td><td>finesse,</td><td>lie,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cunning,</td><td>double-dealing,</td><td>fraud,</td><td>lying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deceit,</td><td>duplicity,</td><td>guile,</td><td>prevarication,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deceitfulness,</td><td>fabrication,</td><td>hypocrisy,</td><td>trickery,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delusion,</td><td>falsehood,</td><td>imposition,</td><td>untruth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Deceit</i> is the habit, <i>deception</i> the act; <i>guile</i> applies to the +disposition out of which <i>deceit</i> and <i>deception</i> grow, and also to +their actual practise. A <i>lie</i>, <i>lying</i>, or <i>falsehood</i>, is the uttering of +what one knows to be false with intent to deceive. The novel or +drama is not a <i>lie</i>, because not meant to deceive; the ancient +teaching that the earth was flat was not a <i>lie</i>, because not then +known to be false. <i>Untruth</i> is more than lack of accuracy, implying +always lack of veracity; but it is a somewhat milder and +more dignified word than <i>lie</i>. <i>Falsehood</i> and <i>lying</i> are in utterance; +<i>deceit</i> and <i>deception</i> may be merely in act or implication. <i>Deception</i> +may be innocent, and even unintentional, as in the case of +an optical illusion; <i>deceit</i> always involves injurious intent. <i>Craft</i> +and <i>cunning</i> have not necessarily any moral quality; they are +common traits of animals, but stand rather low in the human +scale. <i>Duplicity</i> is the habitual speaking or acting with intent to +appear to mean what one does not. <i>Dissimulation</i> is rather a +concealing of what is than a pretense of what is not. <i>Finesse</i> is +simply an adroit and delicate management of a matter for one's +own side, not necessarily involving <i>deceit</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARTIFICE">ARTIFICE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#FICTION">FICTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRAUD">FRAUD</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOCRISY">HYPOCRISY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>candor,</td><td>frankness,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>simplicity,</td><td>truth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fair dealing,</td><td>guilelessness,</td><td>openness,</td><td>sincerity,</td><td>veracity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DEFENSE" id="DEFENSE"></a>DEFENSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apology,</td><td>guard,</td><td>rampart,</td><td>shelter,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bulwark,</td><td>justification,</td><td>resistance,</td><td>shield,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fortress,</td><td>protection,</td><td>safeguard,</td><td>vindication.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The weak may speak or act in <i>defense</i> of the strong; none but +the powerful can assure others of <i>protection</i>. A <i>defense</i> is ordinarily +against actual attack; <i>protection</i> is against possible as well +as actual dangers. We speak of <i>defense</i> against an assault, <i>protection</i> +from the cold. <i>Vindication</i> is a triumphant <i>defense</i> of +character and conduct against charges of error or wrong. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#APOLOGY">APOLOGY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandonment,</td><td>betrayal,</td><td>capitulation,</td><td>desertion,</td><td>flight,</td><td>surrender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Defense <i>against</i> assault or assailants; in law, defense <i>to</i> an +action, <i>from</i> the testimony.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DEFILE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>befoul,</td><td>corrupt,</td><td>pollute,</td><td>spoil,</td><td>sully,</td><td>tarnish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contaminate,</td><td>infect,</td><td>soil,</td><td>stain,</td><td>taint,</td><td>vitiate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The hand may be <i>defiled</i> by a touch of pitch; swine that have +been wallowing in the mud are <i>befouled</i>. <i>Contaminate</i> and <i>infect</i> +refer to something evil that deeply pervades and permeates, +as the human body or mind. <i>Pollute</i> is used chiefly of liquids; as, +water <i>polluted</i> with sewage. <i>Tainted</i> meat is repulsive; <i>infected</i> +meat contains germs of disease. A <i>soiled</i> garment may be cleansed +by washing; a <i>spoiled</i> garment is beyond cleansing or repair. +Bright metal is <i>tarnished</i> by exposure; a fair sheet is <i>sullied</i> by a +dirty hand. In figurative use, <i>defile</i> may be used merely in the +ceremonial sense; "they themselves went not into the judgment +hall, lest they should be <i>defiled</i>," <i>John</i> xviii, 28; <i>contaminate</i> refers +to deep spiritual injury. <i>Pollute</i> has also a reference to sacrilege; +as, to <i>pollute</i> a sanctuary, an altar, or an ordinance. The +innocent are often <i>contaminated</i> by association with the wicked; +the vicious are more and more <i>corrupted</i> by their own excesses. +We speak of a <i>vitiated</i> taste or style; fraud <i>vitiates</i> a title or a +contract.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clean,</td><td>cleanse,</td><td>disinfect,</td><td>hallow,</td><td>purify,</td><td>sanctify,</td><td>wash.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The temple was defiled <i>with</i> blood; defiled <i>by</i> sacrilegious +deeds.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DEFINITION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>comment,</td><td>description,</td><td>exposition,</td><td>rendering,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commentary,</td><td>explanation,</td><td>interpretation,</td><td>translation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>definition</i> is exact, an <i>explanation</i> general; a <i>definition</i> is +formal, a <i>description</i> pictorial. A <i>definition</i> must include all that +belongs to the object defined, and exclude all that does not; a +<i>description</i> may include only some general features; an <i>explanation</i> +may simply throw light upon some point of special difficulty. +An <i>exposition</i> undertakes to state more fully what is compactly +given or only implied in the text; as, an <i>exposition</i> of Scripture. +<i>Interpretation</i> is ordinarily from one language into another, or +from the language of one period into that of another; it may also<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +be a statement giving the doubtful or hidden meaning of that +which is recondite or perplexing; as, the <i>interpretation</i> of a +dream, a riddle, or of some difficult passage. <i>Definition</i>, <i>explanation</i>, +<i>exposition</i>, and <i>interpretation</i> are ordinarily blended in a +<i>commentary</i>, which may also include <i>description</i>. A <i>comment</i> is +upon a single passage; a <i>commentary</i> may be the same, but is +usually understood to be a volume of <i>comments</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DELEGATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deputy,</td><td>legate,</td><td>proxy,</td><td>representative,</td><td>substitute.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>These words agree in designating one who acts in the place of +some other or others. The <i>legate</i> is an ecclesiastical officer representing +the Pope. In strict usage the <i>deputy</i> or <i>delegate</i> is more +limited in functions and more closely bound by instructions than +a <i>representative</i>. A single officer may have a <i>deputy</i>; many persons +combine to choose a <i>delegate</i> or <i>representative</i>. In the United +States informal assemblies send <i>delegates</i> to nominating conventions +with no legislative authority; <i>representatives</i> are legally +elected to Congress and the various legislatures, with lawmaking +power.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DELIBERATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>confer,</td><td>consult,</td><td>meditate,</td><td>reflect,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consider,</td><td>debate,</td><td>ponder,</td><td>weigh.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An individual <i>considers</i>, <i>meditates</i>, <i>ponders</i>, <i>reflects</i>, by himself; +he <i>weighs</i> a matter in his own mind, and is sometimes said +even to <i>debate</i> with himself. <i>Consult</i> and <i>confer</i> always imply +two or more persons, as does <i>debate</i>, unless expressly limited as +above. <i>Confer</i> suggests the interchange of counsel, advice, or information; +<i>consult</i> indicates almost exclusively the receiving of +it. A man <i>confers</i> with his associates about a new investment; +he <i>consults</i> his physician about his health; he may <i>confer</i> with +him on matters of general interest. He <i>consults</i> a dictionary, but +does not <i>confer</i> with it. <i>Deliberate</i>, which can be applied to a +single individual, is also the word for a great number, while +<i>consult</i> is ordinarily limited to a few; a committee <i>consults</i>; an +assembly <i>deliberates</i>. <i>Deliberating</i> always carries the idea of +slowness; <i>consulting</i> is compatible with haste; we can speak of a +hasty consultation, not of a hasty deliberation. <i>Debate</i> implies +opposing views; <i>deliberate</i>, simply a gathering and balancing of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +all facts and reasons. We <i>consider</i> or <i>deliberate</i> with a view to +action, while <i>meditation</i> may be quite purposeless.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We deliberate <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i>, also <i>about</i> or <i>concerning</i> a matter: +the first two are preferable.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DELICIOUS" id="DELICIOUS"></a>DELICIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dainty,</td><td>delightful,</td><td>exquisite,</td><td>luscious,</td><td>savory.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>delicious</i> which affords a gratification at once vivid and +delicate to the senses, especially to those of taste and smell; as, +<i>delicious</i> fruit; a <i>delicious</i> odor; <i>luscious</i> has a kindred but more +fulsome meaning, inclining toward a cloying excess of sweetness +or richness. <i>Savory</i> is applied chiefly to cooked food made palatable +by spices and condiments. <i>Delightful</i> may be applied to the +higher gratifications of sense, as <i>delightful</i> music, but is chiefly +used for that which is mental and spiritual. <i>Delicious</i> has a limited +use in this way; as, a <i>delicious</i> bit of poetry; the word is +sometimes used ironically for some pleasing absurdity; as, this is +<i>delicious</i>! Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DELIGHTFUL">DELIGHTFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acrid,</td><td>bitter,</td><td>loathsome,</td><td>nauseous,</td><td>repulsive,</td><td>unpalatable,</td><td>unsavory.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DELIGHTFUL" id="DELIGHTFUL"></a>DELIGHTFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acceptable,</td><td>delicious,</td><td>pleasant,</td><td>refreshing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>agreeable,</td><td>grateful,</td><td>pleasing,</td><td>satisfying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>congenial,</td><td>gratifying,</td><td>pleasurable,</td><td>welcome.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Agreeable</i> refers to whatever gives a mild degree of pleasure; +as, an <i>agreeable</i> perfume. <i>Acceptable</i> indicates a thing to be +worthy of acceptance; as, an <i>acceptable</i> offering. <i>Grateful</i> is +stronger than <i>agreeable</i> or <i>gratifying</i>, indicating whatever awakens +a feeling akin to gratitude. A <i>pleasant</i> face and <i>pleasing</i> manners +arouse <i>pleasurable</i> sensations, and make the possessor an +<i>agreeable</i> companion; if possessed of intelligence, vivacity, and +goodness, such a person's society will be <i>delightful</i>. Criminals +may find each other's company <i>congenial</i>, but scarcely <i>delightful</i>. +<i>Satisfying</i> denotes anything that is received with calm acquiescence, +as substantial food, or established truth. That is <i>welcome</i> +which is received with joyful heartiness; as, <i>welcome</i> tidings. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARMING">CHARMING</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DELICIOUS">DELICIOUS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>depressing,</td><td>distressing,</td><td>horrible,</td><td>miserable,</td><td>painful,</td><td>woful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disappointing,</td><td>hateful,</td><td>melancholy,</td><td>mournful,</td><td>saddening,</td><td>wretched.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DELUSION" id="DELUSION"></a>DELUSION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>error,</td><td>fallacy,</td><td>hallucination,</td><td>illusion,</td><td>phantasm.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>delusion</i> is a mistaken conviction, an <i>illusion</i> a mistaken perception +or inference. An <i>illusion</i> may be wholly of the senses; a +<i>delusion</i> always involves some mental error. In an optical <i>illusion</i> +the observer sees either what does not exist, or what exists otherwise +than as he sees it, as when in a mirage distant springs and +trees appear close at hand. We speak of the <i>illusions</i> of fancy or +of hope, but of the <i>delusions</i> of the insane. A <i>hallucination</i> is a +false image or belief which has nothing, outside of the disordered +mind, to suggest it; as, the <i>hallucinations</i> of delirium tremens. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DECEPTION">DECEPTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INSANITY">INSANITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actuality,</td><td>certainty,</td><td>fact,</td><td>reality,</td><td>truth,</td><td>verity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DEMOLISH" id="DEMOLISH"></a>DEMOLISH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>destroy,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>overturn,</td><td>raze,</td><td>ruin.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A building, monument, or other structure is <i>demolished</i> when +reduced to a shapeless mass; it is <i>razed</i> when leveled with the +ground; it is <i>destroyed</i> when its structural unity is gone, whether +or not its component parts remain. An edifice is <i>destroyed</i> by +fire or earthquake; it is <i>demolished</i> by bombardment; it is <i>ruined</i> +when, by violence or neglect, it has become unfit for human habitation. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BREAK">BREAK</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>build,</td><td>construct,</td><td>create,</td><td>make,</td><td>repair,</td><td>restore.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DEMONSTRATION" id="DEMONSTRATION"></a>DEMONSTRATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>consequence,</td><td>evidence,</td><td>inference,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclusion,</td><td>deduction,</td><td>induction,</td><td>proof.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Demonstration</i>, in the strict and proper sense, is the highest +form of <i>proof</i>, and gives the most absolute <i>certainty</i>, but can not +be applied outside of pure mathematics or other strictly deductive +reasoning; there can be <i>proof</i> and <i>certainty</i>, however, in +matters that do not admit of <i>demonstration</i>. A <i>conclusion</i> is +the absolute and necessary result of the admission of certain premises; +an <i>inference</i> is a probable <i>conclusion</i> toward which known +facts, statements, or admissions point, but which they do not absolutely +establish; sound premises, together with their necessary +<i>conclusion</i>, constitute a <i>demonstration</i>. <i>Evidence</i> is that which<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +tends to show a thing to be true; in the widest sense, as including +self-<i>evidence</i> or consciousness, it is the basis of all knowledge. +<i>Proof</i> in the strict sense is complete, irresistible <i>evidence</i>; as, +there was much <i>evidence</i> against the accused, but not amounting +to <i>proof</i> of guilt. Moral <i>certainty</i> is a conviction resting on such +<i>evidence</i> as puts a matter beyond reasonable doubt, while not so +irresistible as <i>demonstration</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOTHESIS">HYPOTHESIS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INDUCTION">INDUCTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DESIGN" id="DESIGN"></a>DESIGN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aim,</td><td>final cause,</td><td>object,</td><td>proposal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>device,</td><td>intent,</td><td>plan,</td><td>purpose,</td></tr> +<tr><td>end,</td><td>intention,</td><td>project,</td><td>scheme.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Design</i> refers to the adaptation of means to an <i>end</i>, the correspondence +and coordination of parts, or of separate acts, to produce +a result; <i>intent</i> and <i>purpose</i> overleap all particulars, and fasten on +the <i>end</i> itself. <i>Intention</i> is simply the more familiar form of the +legal and philosophical <i>intent</i>. <i>Plan</i> relates to details of form, +structure, and action, in themselves; <i>design</i> considers these same +details all as a means to an <i>end</i>. The <i>plan</i> of a campaign may be +for a series of sharp attacks, with the <i>design</i> of thus surprising and +overpowering the enemy. A man comes to a fixed <i>intention</i> to +kill his enemy; he forms a <i>plan</i> to entrap him into his power, +with the <i>design</i> of then compassing his death; as the law can not +read the heart, it can only infer the <i>intent</i> from the evidences of +<i>design</i>. <i>Intent</i> denotes a straining, stretching forth toward an <i>object</i>; +<i>purpose</i> simply the placing it before oneself; hence, we +speak of the <i>purpose</i> rather than the <i>intent</i> or <i>intention</i> of God. +We hold that the marks of <i>design</i> in nature prove it the work of +a great Designer. <i>Intention</i> contemplates the possibility of +failure; <i>purpose</i> looks to assured success; <i>intent</i> or <i>intention</i> refers +especially to the state of mind of the actor; <i>purpose</i> to the +result of the action. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AIM">AIM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MODEL">MODEL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The design <i>of</i> defrauding; the design <i>of</i> a building; a design +<i>for</i> a statue.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DESIRE" id="DESIRE"></a>DESIRE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appetency,</td><td>concupiscence,</td><td>hankering,</td><td>proclivity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appetite,</td><td>coveting,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>propensity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aspiration,</td><td>craving,</td><td>longing,</td><td>wish.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Inclination</i> is the mildest of these terms; it is a quiet, or even +a vague or unconscious, tendency. Even when we speak of a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +strong or decided <i>inclination</i> we do not express the intensity of +<i>desire</i>. <i>Desire</i> has a wide range, from the highest objects to the +lowest; <i>desire</i> is for an object near at hand, or near in thought, +and viewed as attainable; a <i>wish</i> may be for what is remote or +uncertain, or even for what is recognized as impossible. <i>Craving</i> +is stronger than <i>hankering</i>; <i>hankering</i> may be the result of a fitful +and capricious <i>appetite</i>; <i>craving</i> may be the imperious and +reasonable demand of the whole nature. <i>Longing</i> is a reaching +out with deep and persistent demand for that which is viewed as +now distant but at some time attainable; as, the captive's <i>longing</i> +for release. <i>Coveting</i> ordinarily denotes wrong <i>desire</i> for that +which is another's. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPETITE">APPETITE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIPATHY">ANTIPATHY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The desire <i>of</i> fame; a desire <i>for</i> excellence.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DESPAIR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>desperation,</td><td>despondency,</td><td>discouragement,</td><td>hopelessness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Discouragement</i> is the result of so much repulse or failure as +wears out courage. <i>Discouragements</i> too frequent and long +continued may produce a settled <i>hopelessness</i>. <i>Hopelessness</i> is +negative, and may result from simple apathy; <i>despondency</i> and +<i>despair</i> are more emphatic and decided. <i>Despondency</i> is an incapacity +for the present exercise of hope; <i>despair</i> is the utter abandonment +of hope. <i>Despondency</i> relaxes energy and effort and is +always attended with sadness or distress; <i>despair</i> may produce a +stony calmness, or it may lead to <i>desperation</i>. <i>Desperation</i> is +energized <i>despair</i>, vigorous in action, reckless of consequences.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anticipation,</td><td>cheer,</td><td>courage,</td><td>encouragement,</td><td>expectation,</td><td>hopefulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>elation,</td><td>expectancy,</td><td>hope,</td><td>trust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DEXTERITY" id="DEXTERITY"></a>DEXTERITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adroitness,</td><td>aptitude,</td><td>cleverness,</td><td>expertness,</td><td>readiness,</td><td>skill.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Adroitness</i> (F. <i>à</i>, to, and <i>droit</i>, right) and <i>dexterity</i> (L. <i>dexter</i>, +right, right-hand) might each be rendered "right-handedness;" +but <i>adroitness</i> carries more of the idea of eluding, parrying, or +checking some hostile movement, or taking advantage of another +in controversy; <i>dexterity</i> conveys the idea of doing, accomplishing +something readily and well, without reference to any action<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +of others. We speak of <i>adroitness</i> in fencing, boxing, or debate; +of <i>dexterity</i> in horsemanship, in the use of tools, weapons, etc. +<i>Aptitude</i> (L. <i>aptus</i>, fit, fitted) is a natural <i>readiness</i>, which by +practise may be developed into <i>dexterity</i>. <i>Skill</i> is more exact to +line, rule, and method than <i>dexterity</i>. <i>Dexterity</i> can not be communicated, +and, oftentimes can not even be explained by its possessor; +<i>skill</i> to a very great extent can be imparted; "<i>skilled</i> +workmen" in various trades are numbered by thousands. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ADDRESS_n">ADDRESS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEVER">CLEVER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POWER">POWER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SKILFUL">SKILFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Dexterity <i>of</i> hand, <i>of</i> movement, <i>of</i> management; <i>with</i> the +pen; <i>in</i> action, <i>in</i> manipulating men; <i>at</i> cards.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DICTION" id="DICTION"></a>DICTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>expression,</td><td>phrase,</td><td>style,</td><td>vocabulary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>language,</td><td>phraseology,</td><td>verbiage,</td><td>wording.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An author's <i>diction</i> is strictly his choice and use of words, +with no special reference to thought; <i>expression</i> regards the +words simply as the vehicle of the thought. <i>Phrase</i> and <i>phraseology</i> +apply to words or combinations of words which are somewhat +technical; as, in legal <i>phraseology</i>; in military <i>phrase</i>. +<i>Diction</i> is general; <i>wording</i> is limited; we speak of the <i>diction</i> +of an author or of a work, the <i>wording</i> of a proposition, of a resolution, +etc. <i>Verbiage</i> never bears this sense (see <span class="smcl"><a href="#CIRCUMLOCUTION">CIRCUMLOCUTION</a></span>.) +The <i>language</i> of a writer or speaker may be the national +speech he employs; as, the English or French <i>language</i>; or the +word may denote his use of that <i>language</i>; as, the author's <i>language</i> +is well (or ill) chosen. <i>Style</i> includes <i>diction</i>, <i>expression</i>, +rhetorical figures such as metaphor and simile, the effect of an +author's prevailing tone of thought, of his personal traits—in +short, all that makes up the clothing of thought in words; thus, +we speak of a figurative <i>style</i>, a frigid or an argumentative <i>style</i>, +etc., or of the <i>style</i> of Macaulay, Prescott, or others. An author's +<i>vocabulary</i> is the range of words which he brings into his use. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#LANGUAGE">LANGUAGE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DIE" id="DIE"></a>DIE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cease,</td><td>decline,</td><td>expire,</td><td>perish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decease,</td><td>depart,</td><td>fade,</td><td>wither.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Die</i>, to go out of life, become destitute of vital power and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +action, is figuratively applied to anything which has the appearance +of life.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>Where the <i>dying</i> night-lamp flickers.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Tennyson</span> <i>Locksley Hall</i> st. 40.</p></div> + +<p class="noin">An echo, a strain of music, a tempest, a topic, an issue, <i>dies</i>. <i>Expire</i> +(literally, to breathe out) is a softer word for <i>die</i>; it is used +figuratively of things that <i>cease</i> to exist by reaching a natural +limit; as, a lease <i>expires</i>; the time has <i>expired</i>. To <i>perish</i> (literally, +in Latin, to go through, as in English we say, "the fire +goes out") is oftenest used of death by privation or exposure; as, +"I <i>perish</i> with hunger," <i>Luke</i> xv, 17; sometimes, of death by +violence. Knowledge and fame, art and empires, may be said to +<i>perish</i>; the word denotes utter destruction and decay.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be born,</td><td>come into being,</td><td>flourish,</td><td>rise again,</td></tr> +<tr><td>begin,</td><td>come to life,</td><td>grow,</td><td>rise from the dead,</td></tr> +<tr><td>be immortal,</td><td>exist,</td><td>live,</td><td>survive.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To die <i>of</i> fever; <i>by</i> violence; rarely, <i>with</i> the sword, famine, +etc. (<i>Ezek.</i> vii, 15); to die <i>for</i> one's country; to die <i>at</i> sea; <i>in</i> +one's bed; <i>in</i> agony; die <i>to</i> the world.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DIFFERENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contrariety,</td><td>discrimination,</td><td>distinction,</td><td>inequality,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrast,</td><td>disparity,</td><td>divergence,</td><td>unlikeness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disagreement,</td><td>dissimilarity,</td><td>diversity,</td><td>variation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discrepancy,</td><td>dissimilitude,</td><td>inconsistency,</td><td>variety.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Difference</i> is the state or quality of being unlike or the amount +of such unlikeness. A <i>difference</i> is in the things compared; a +<i>discrimination</i> is in our judgment of them; a <i>distinction</i> is in +our definition or description or mental image of them. Careful +<i>discrimination</i> of real <i>differences</i> results in clear <i>distinctions</i>. +<i>Disparity</i> is stronger than <i>inequality</i>, implying that one thing +falls far below another; as, the <i>disparity</i> of our achievements +when compared with our ideals. <i>Dissimilarity</i> is between things +sharply contrasted; there may be a <i>difference</i> between those almost +alike. There is a <i>discrepancy</i> in accounts that fail to balance. +<i>Variety</i> involves more than two objects; so, in general, +does <i>diversity</i>; <i>variation</i> is a <i>difference</i> in the condition or action +of the same object at different times. <i>Disagreement</i> is not merely +the lack, but the opposite, of agreement; it is a mild word for +opposition and conflict; <i>difference</i> is sometimes used in the same +sense.</p> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>harmony,</td><td>likeness,</td><td>sameness,</td><td>uniformity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consonance,</td><td>identity,</td><td>resemblance,</td><td>similarity,</td><td>unity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Difference <i>between</i> the old and the new; differences <i>among</i> +men; a difference <i>in</i> character; <i>of</i> action; <i>of</i> style; (less frequently) +a difference (controversy) <i>with</i> a person; a difference <i>of</i> +one thing <i>from</i> (incorrectly <i>to</i>) another.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DIFFICULT" id="DIFFICULT"></a>DIFFICULT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arduous,</td><td>hard,</td><td>onerous,</td><td>toilsome,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exhausting,</td><td>laborious,</td><td>severe,</td><td>trying.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Arduous</i> (L. <i>arduus</i>, steep) signifies primarily so steep and lofty +as to be difficult of ascent, and hence applies to that which involves +great and sustained exertion and ordinarily for a lofty aim; great +learning can only be won by <i>arduous</i> toil. <i>Hard</i> applies to anything +that resists our endeavors as a scarcely penetrable mass resists +our physical force. Anything is <i>hard</i> that involves tax and +strain whether of the physical or mental powers. <i>Difficult</i> is not +used of that which merely taxes physical force; a dead lift is +called <i>hard</i> rather than <i>difficult</i>; breaking stone on the road +would be called <i>hard</i> rather than <i>difficult</i> work; that is <i>difficult</i> +which involves skill, sagacity, or address, with or without a considerable +expenditure of physical force; a geometrical problem +may be <i>difficult</i> to solve, a tangled skein to unravel; a mountain +<i>difficult</i> to ascend. <i>Hard</i> may be active or passive; a thing may +be <i>hard</i> to do or <i>hard</i> to bear. <i>Arduous</i> is always active. That +which is <i>laborious</i> or <i>toilsome</i> simply requires the steady application +of labor or toil till accomplished; <i>toilsome</i> is the stronger +word. That which is <i>onerous</i> (L. <i>onus</i>, a burden) is mentally burdensome +or oppressive. Responsibility may be <i>onerous</i> even when +it involves no special exertion.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>easy,</td><td>facile,</td><td>light,</td><td>pleasant,</td><td>slight,</td><td>trifling,</td><td>trivial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DIRECTION" id="DIRECTION"></a>DIRECTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aim,</td><td>bearing,</td><td>course,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>tendency,</td><td>way.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>direction</i> of an object is the line of motion or of vision +toward it, or the line in which the object is moving, considered +from our own actual or mental standpoint. <i>Way</i>, literally the road +or path, comes naturally to mean the <i>direction</i> of the road or path;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +conversationally, <i>way</i> is almost a perfect synonym of <i>direction</i>; +as, which <i>way</i> did he go? or, in which <i>direction</i>? <i>Bearing</i> is the +<i>direction</i> in which an object is seen with reference to another, and +especially with reference to the points of the compass. <i>Course</i> +is the <i>direction</i> of a moving object; <i>inclination</i>, that toward which +a stationary object leans; <i>tendency</i>, the <i>direction</i> toward which +anything stretches or reaches out; <i>tendency</i> is stronger and more +active than <i>inclination</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AIM">AIM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CARE">CARE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ORDER">ORDER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OVERSIGHT">OVERSIGHT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DISCERN" id="DISCERN"></a>DISCERN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>behold,</td><td>discriminate,</td><td>observe,</td><td>recognize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>descry,</td><td>distinguish,</td><td>perceive,</td><td>see.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>What we <i>discern</i> we <i>see</i> apart from all other objects; what we +<i>discriminate</i> we judge apart; what we <i>distinguish</i> we mark +apart, or recognize by some special mark or manifest difference. +We <i>discriminate</i> by real differences; we <i>distinguish</i> by outward +signs; an officer is readily <i>distinguished</i> from a common soldier +by his uniform. Objects may be dimly <i>discerned</i> at twilight, +when yet we can not clearly <i>distinguish</i> one from another. We +<i>descry</i> (originally <i>espy</i>) what is difficult to discover. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DISCOVER">DISCOVER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOOK">LOOK</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DISCOVER" id="DISCOVER"></a>DISCOVER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ascertain,</td><td>detect,</td><td>disclose,</td><td>ferret out,</td><td>find out,</td></tr> +<tr><td>descry,</td><td>discern,</td><td>expose,</td><td>find,</td><td>invent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Of human actions or character, <i>detect</i> is used, almost without +exception, in a bad sense; <i>discover</i> may be used in either the good +or the bad sense, oftener in the good; he was <i>detected</i> in a fraud; +real merit is sure to be <i>discovered</i>. In scientific language, <i>detect</i> +is used of delicate indications that appear in course of careful +watching; as, a slight fluttering of the pulse could be <i>detected</i>. +We <i>discover</i> what has existed but has not been known to us; we +<i>invent</i> combinations or arrangements not before in use; Columbus +<i>discovered</i> America; Morse <i>invented</i> the electric telegraph. <i>Find</i> +is the most general word for every means of coming to know what +was not before certainly known. A man <i>finds</i> in the road some +stranger's purse, or <i>finds</i> his own which he is searching for. The +expert <i>discovers</i> or <i>detects</i> an error in an account; the auditor +<i>finds</i> the account to be correct. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DISCERN">DISCERN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HIDE">HIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></p> + +<h3>DISEASE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affection,</td><td>disorder,</td><td>indisposition,</td><td>sickness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ailment,</td><td>distemper,</td><td>infirmity,</td><td>unhealthiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complaint,</td><td>illness,</td><td>malady,</td><td>unsoundness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Disease</i> is the general term for any deviation from health; in +a more limited sense it denotes some definite morbid condition; +<i>disorder</i> and <i>affection</i> are rather partial and limited; as, a nervous +<i>affection</i>; a <i>disorder</i> of the digestive system. <i>Sickness</i> was +generally used in English speech and literature, till the close of +the eighteenth century at least, for every form of physical <i>disorder</i>, +as abundantly appears in the English Bible: "Jesus went +about ... healing all manner of <i>sickness</i> and all manner of <i>disease</i> +among the people," <i>Matt.</i> iv, 23; "Elisha was fallen <i>sick</i> of +his <i>sickness</i> whereof he died," <i>2 Kings</i> xiii, 14. There is now, in +England, a tendency to restrict the words <i>sick</i> and <i>sickness</i> to +nausea, or "<i>sickness</i> at the stomach," and to hold <i>ill</i> and <i>illness</i> as +the only proper words to use in a general sense. This distinction +has received but a very limited acceptance in the United States, +where <i>sick</i> and <i>sickness</i> have the earlier and wider usage. We +speak of trifling <i>ailments</i>, a slight <i>indisposition</i>, a serious or a +deadly <i>disease</i>; a slight or severe <i>illness</i>; a painful <i>sickness</i>. +<i>Complaint</i> is a popular term, which may be applied to any degree +of ill health, slight or severe. <i>Infirmity</i> denotes a chronic or +lingering weakness or disability, as blindness or lameness.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>health,</td><td>robustness,</td><td>soundness,</td><td>strength,</td><td>sturdiness,</td><td>vigor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DISPARAGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>belittle,</td><td>depreciate,</td><td>discredit,</td><td>underestimate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carp at,</td><td>derogate from,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>underrate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decry,</td><td>detract from,</td><td>lower,</td><td>undervalue.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>decry</i> is to cry down, in some noisy, public, or conspicuous +manner. A witness or a statement is <i>discredited</i>; the currency is +<i>depreciated</i>; a good name is <i>dishonored</i> by unworthy conduct; +we <i>underestimate</i> in our own minds; we may <i>underrate</i> or <i>undervalue</i> +in statement to others. These words are used, with few exceptions, +of things such as qualities, merits, attainments, etc. To +<i>disparage</i> is to <i>belittle</i> by damaging comparison or suggestion; it +is used only of things. A man's achievements are <i>disparaged</i>, his +motives <i>depreciated</i>, his professions <i>discredited</i>; he himself is +calumniated, slandered, etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SLANDER">SLANDER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRAISE">PRAISE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p> + +<h3>DISPLACE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>confuse,</td><td>derange,</td><td>disturb,</td><td>mislay,</td><td>remove,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crowd out,</td><td>disarrange,</td><td>jumble,</td><td>misplace,</td><td>unsettle.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Objects are <i>displaced</i> when moved out of the place they have +occupied; they are <i>misplaced</i> when put into a place where they +should not be. One may know where to find what he has <i>misplaced</i>; +what he has <i>mislaid</i> he can not locate.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adjust,</td><td>assort,</td><td>dispose,</td><td>order,</td><td>put in order,</td><td>set in order,</td></tr> +<tr><td>array,</td><td>classify,</td><td>group,</td><td>place,</td><td>put in place,</td><td>sort.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DO" id="DO"></a>DO.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplish,</td><td>carry out,</td><td>discharge,</td><td>perform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>achieve,</td><td>carry through,</td><td>effect,</td><td>perpetrate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>actualize,</td><td>commit,</td><td>execute,</td><td>realize,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring about,</td><td>complete,</td><td>finish,</td><td>transact,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring to pass,</td><td>consummate,</td><td>fulfil,</td><td>work out.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Do</i> is the one comprehensive word which includes this whole +class. We may say of the least item of daily work, "It is <i>done</i>," +and of the grandest human achievement, "Well <i>done</i>!" <i>Finish</i> +and <i>complete</i> signify to bring to an end what was previously begun; +there is frequently the difference in usage that <i>finish</i> is applied to +the fine details and is superficial, while <i>complete</i> is comprehensive, +being applied to the whole ideal, plan, and execution; as, to <i>finish</i> +a statue; to <i>complete</i> a scheme of philosophy. To <i>discharge</i> is to +<i>do</i> what is given in charge, expected, or required; as, to <i>discharge</i> +the duties of the office. To <i>fulfil</i> is to <i>do</i> or to be what has been +promised, expected, hoped, or desired; as, a son <i>fulfils</i> a father's +hopes. <i>Realize</i>, <i>effect</i>, <i>execute</i>, and <i>consummate</i> all signify to embody +in fact what was before in thought. One may <i>realize</i> that +which he has done nothing to <i>bring about</i>; he may <i>realize</i> the +dreams of youth by inheriting a fortune; but he can not <i>effect</i> his +early designs except by <i>doing</i> the utmost that is necessary to make +them fact. <i>Effect</i> includes all that is <i>done</i> to <i>accomplish</i> the intent; +<i>execute</i> refers rather to the final steps; <i>consummate</i> is limited +quite sharply to the concluding act. An officer <i>executes</i> the law +when he proceeds against its violators; a purchase is <i>consummated</i> +when the money is paid and the property delivered. <i>Execute</i> +refers more commonly to the commands of another, <i>effect</i> +and <i>consummate</i> to one's own designs; as, the commander <i>effected</i> +the capture of the fort, because his officers and men promptly <i>executed</i> +his commands. <i>Achieve</i>—to <i>do</i> something worthy of a chief—signifies<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +always to <i>perform</i> some great and generally some worthy +exploit. <i>Perform</i> and <i>accomplish</i> both imply working toward +the end; but <i>perform</i> always allows a possibility of not attaining, +while <i>accomplish</i> carries the thought of full completion. In Longfellow's +lines, "Patience; <i>accomplish</i> thy labor," etc., <i>perform</i> +could not be substituted without great loss. As between <i>complete</i> +and <i>accomplish</i>, <i>complete</i> considers rather the thing as <i>done</i>; <i>accomplish</i>, +the whole process of doing it. <i>Commit</i>, as applied to +actions, is used only of those that are bad, whether grave or trivial; +<i>perpetrate</i> is used chiefly of aggravated crimes or, somewhat +humorously, of blunders. A man may <i>commit</i> a sin, a trespass, or +a murder; <i>perpetrate</i> an outrage or a felony. We <i>finish</i> a garment +or a letter, <i>complete</i> an edifice or a life-work, <i>consummate</i> a +bargain or a crime, <i>discharge</i> a duty, <i>effect</i> a purpose, <i>execute</i> a +command, <i>fulfil</i> a promise, <i>perform</i> our daily tasks, <i>realize</i> an +ideal, <i>accomplish</i> a design, <i>achieve</i> a victory. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#TRANSACT">TRANSACT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#TRANSACTION">TRANSACTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>baffle,</td><td>defeat,</td><td>fail,</td><td>mar,</td><td>miss,</td><td>ruin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>come short,</td><td>destroy,</td><td>frustrate,</td><td>miscarry,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>spoil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DOCILE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amenable,</td><td>manageable,</td><td>pliant,</td><td>teachable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compliant,</td><td>obedient,</td><td>submissive,</td><td>tractable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>gentle,</td><td>pliable,</td><td>tame,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One who is <i>docile</i> is easily taught; one who is <i>tractable</i> is +easily led; one who is <i>pliant</i> is easily bent in any direction; <i>compliant</i> +represents one as inclined or persuaded to agreement with +another's will. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DUTY">DUTY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>determined,</td><td>firm,</td><td>intractable,</td><td>opinionated,</td><td>self-willed,</td><td>wilful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dogged,</td><td>inflexible,</td><td>obstinate,</td><td>resolute,</td><td>stubborn,</td><td>unyielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DOCTRINE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>article of belief,</td><td>belief,</td><td>precept,</td><td>teaching,</td></tr> +<tr><td>article of faith,</td><td>dogma,</td><td>principle,</td><td>tenet.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Doctrine</i> primarily signifies that which is taught; <i>principle</i>, +the fundamental basis on which the <i>teaching</i> rests. A <i>doctrine</i> is +reasoned out, and may be defended by reasoning; a <i>dogma</i> rests +on authority, as of direct revelation, the decision of the church, +etc. A <i>doctrine</i> or <i>dogma</i> is a statement of some one item of <i>belief</i>; +a <i>creed</i> is a summary of <i>doctrines</i> or <i>dogmas</i>. <i>Dogma</i> has<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +commonly, at the present day, an offensive signification, as of a +<i>belief</i> arrogantly asserted. <i>Tenet</i> is simply that which is held, +and is applied to a single item of <i>belief</i>; it is a neutral word, +neither approving nor condemning; we speak of the <i>doctrines</i> of +our own church; of the <i>tenets</i> of others. A <i>precept</i> relates not +to <i>belief</i>, but to conduct. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FAITH">FAITH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LAW">LAW</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DOGMATIC" id="DOGMATIC"></a>DOGMATIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrogant,</td><td>doctrinal,</td><td>magisterial,</td><td>positive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authoritative,</td><td>domineering,</td><td>opinionated,</td><td>self-opinionated,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dictatorial,</td><td>imperious,</td><td>overbearing,</td><td>systematic.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Dogmatic</i> is technically applied in a good sense to that which +is formally enunciated by adequate authority; <i>doctrinal</i> to that +which is stated in the form of doctrine to be taught or defended. +<i>Dogmatic</i> theology, called also "dogmatics," gives definite propositions, +which it holds to be delivered by authority; <i>systematic</i> +theology considers the same propositions in their logical connection +and order as parts of a system; a <i>doctrinal</i> statement is less +absolute in its claims than a <i>dogmatic</i> treatise, and may be more +partial than the term <i>systematic</i> would imply. Outside of theology, +<i>dogmatic</i> has generally an offensive sense; a <i>dogmatic</i> statement +is one for which the author does not trouble himself to give a +reason, either because of the strength of his convictions, or because +of his contempt for those whom he addresses; thus <i>dogmatic</i> is, +in common use, allied with <i>arrogant</i> and kindred words.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DOUBT, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>distrust,</td><td>mistrust,</td><td>surmise,</td><td>suspect.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>doubt</i> is to lack conviction. Incompleteness of evidence +may compel one to <i>doubt</i>, or some perverse bias of mind may incline +him to. <i>Distrust</i> may express simply a lack of confidence; +as, I <i>distrust</i> my own judgment; or it may be nearly equivalent +to <i>suspect</i>; as, I <i>distrusted</i> that man from the start. <i>Mistrust</i> +and <i>suspect</i> imply that one is almost assured of positive evil; one +may <i>distrust</i> himself or others; he <i>suspects</i> others. <i>Mistrust</i> is +now rarely, if ever, used of persons, but only of motives, intentions, +etc. <i>Distrust</i> is always serious; <i>mistrust</i> is often used +playfully. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SUPPOSE">SUPPOSE</a></span>. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DOUBT_n">DOUBT</a></span>, <i>n.</i></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>believe,</td><td>confide in,</td><td>depend on,</td><td>depend upon,</td><td>rely on,</td><td>rely upon,</td><td>trust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DOUBT_n" id="DOUBT_n"></a>DOUBT, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disbelief,</td><td>incredulity,</td><td>perplexity,</td><td>suspense,</td></tr> +<tr><td>distrust,</td><td>indecision,</td><td>question,</td><td>suspicion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hesitancy,</td><td>irresolution,</td><td>scruple,</td><td>unbelief,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hesitation,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>skepticism,</td><td>uncertainty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Doubt</i> is a lack of conviction that may refer either to matters +of belief or to matters of practise. As regards belief, while +<i>doubt</i> is lack of conviction, <i>disbelief</i> is conviction, to the contrary; +<i>unbelief</i> refers to a settled state of mind, generally accompanied +with opposition of heart. <i>Perplexity</i> is active and painful; <i>doubt</i> +may be quiescent. <i>Perplexity</i> presses toward a solution; <i>doubt</i> +may be content to linger unresolved. Any improbable statement +awakens <i>incredulity</i>. In theological usage <i>unbelief</i> and <i>skepticism</i> +have a condemnatory force, as implying wilful rejection of +manifest truth. As regards practical matters, <i>uncertainty</i> applies +to the unknown or undecided; <i>doubt</i> implies some negative +evidence. <i>Suspense</i> regards the future, and is eager and anxious; +<i>uncertainty</i> may relate to any period, and be quite indifferent. +<i>Misgiving</i> is ordinarily in regard to the outcome of something +already done or decided; <i>hesitation</i>, <i>indecision</i>, and <i>irresolution</i> +have reference to something that remains to be decided or done, +and are due oftener to infirmity of will than to lack of knowledge. +<i>Distrust</i> and <i>suspicion</i> apply especially to the motives, character, +etc., of others, and are more decidedly adverse than <i>doubt</i>. +<i>Scruple</i> relates to matters of conscience and duty.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>certainty,</td><td>conviction,</td><td>determination,</td><td>resolution,</td></tr> +<tr><td>belief,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>decision,</td><td>persuasion,</td><td>resolve.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DRAW" id="DRAW"></a>DRAW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allure,</td><td>drag,</td><td>haul,</td><td>induce,</td><td>lure,</td><td>tow,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attract,</td><td>entice,</td><td>incline,</td><td>lead,</td><td>pull,</td><td>tug.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One object <i>draws</i> another when it moves it toward itself or in +the direction of its own motion by the exertion of adequate force, +whether slight or powerful. To <i>attract</i> is to exert a force that +tends to <i>draw</i>, tho it may produce no actual motion; all objects +are <i>attracted</i> toward the earth, tho they may be sustained +from falling. To <i>drag</i> is to <i>draw</i> against strong resistance; as, +to <i>drag</i> a sled over bare ground, or a carriage up a steep hill. To +<i>pull</i> is to exert a <i>drawing</i> force, whether adequate or inadequate;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +as, the fish <i>pulls</i> on the line; a dentist <i>pulls</i> a tooth. To <i>tug</i> is to +<i>draw</i>, or try to <i>draw</i>, a resisting object with a continuous straining +motion; as, to <i>tug</i> at the oar. To <i>haul</i> is to <i>draw</i> somewhat +slowly a heavy object; as, to <i>haul</i> a seine; to <i>haul</i> logs. One +vessel <i>tows</i> another. In the figurative sense, <i>attract</i> is more +nearly akin to <i>incline</i>, <i>draw</i> to <i>induce</i>. We are <i>attracted</i> by one's +appearance, <i>drawn</i> to his side. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLURE">ALLURE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARRAY">ARRAY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INFLUENCE">INFLUENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alienate,</td><td>estrange,</td><td>rebuff,</td><td>reject,</td><td>repel,</td><td>repulse.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRIVE">DRIVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To draw water <i>from</i> or <i>out of</i> the well; draw the boat <i>through</i> +the water, <i>to</i> the shore; draw air <i>into</i> the lungs; draw <i>with</i> +cords of love; the wagon is drawn <i>by</i> horses, <i>along</i> the road, +<i>across</i> the field, <i>over</i> the stones, <i>through</i> the woods, <i>to</i> the barn.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DREAM" id="DREAM"></a>DREAM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>day-dream,</td><td>fantasy,</td><td>reverie,</td><td>trance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fancy,</td><td>hallucination,</td><td>romance,</td><td>vision.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>dream</i> is strictly a train of thoughts, fantasies, and images +passing through the mind during sleep; a <i>vision</i> may occur when +one is awake, and in clear exercise of the senses and mental powers; +<i>vision</i> is often applied to something seen by the mind through +supernatural agency, whether in sleep or wakefulness, conceived +as more real and authoritative than a <i>dream</i>; a <i>trance</i> is an abnormal +state, which is different from normal sleep or wakefulness. +A <i>reverie</i> is a purposeless drifting of the mind when awake, +under the influence of mental images; a <i>day-dream</i> that which +passes before the mind in such condition. A <i>fancy</i> is some image +presented to the mind, often in the fullest exercise of its powers. +<i>Hallucination</i> is the seeming perception of non-existent objects, +as in insanity or delirium. In the figurative sense, we speak of +<i>dreams</i> of fortune, <i>visions</i> of glory, with little difference of meaning +except that the <i>vision</i> is thought of as fuller and more vivid. +We speak of a <i>trance</i> of delight when the emotion almost sweeps +one away from the normal exercise of the faculties.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>fact,</td><td>reality,</td><td>realization,</td><td>substance,</td><td>verity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DRESS" id="DRESS"></a>DRESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apparel,</td><td>clothes,</td><td>garb,</td><td>habit,</td><td>uniform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>array,</td><td>clothing,</td><td>garments,</td><td>raiment,</td><td>vestments,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attire,</td><td>costume,</td><td>habiliments,</td><td>robes,</td><td>vesture.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Clothing</i> denotes the entire covering of the body, taken as a +whole; <i>clothes</i> and <i>garments</i> view it as composed of separate +parts. <i>Clothes</i>, <i>clothing</i>, and <i>garments</i> may be used of inner or +outer covering; all the other words in the list (with possible rare +exceptions in the case of <i>raiment</i>) refer to the outer <i>garments</i>. +<i>Array</i>, <i>raiment</i>, and <i>vesture</i> are archaic or poetic; so, too, is +<i>habit</i>, except in technical use to denote a lady's riding-<i>dress</i>. The +word <i>vestments</i> is now rare, except in ecclesiastical use. <i>Apparel</i> +and <i>attire</i> are most frequently used of somewhat complete and +elegant outer <i>clothing</i>, tho Shakespeare speaks of "poor and +mean <i>attire</i>." <i>Dress</i> may be used, specifically, for a woman's +gown, and in that sense may be either rich or shabby; but in the +general sense it denotes outer <i>clothing</i> which is meant to be +elegant, complete, and appropriate to some social or public occasion; +as, full <i>dress</i>, court <i>dress</i>, evening <i>dress</i>, etc. <i>Dress</i> has +now largely displaced <i>apparel</i> and <i>attire</i>. <i>Garb</i> denotes the +<i>clothing</i> characteristic of some class, profession, or the like; as, +the <i>garb</i> of a priest. <i>Costume</i> is chiefly used for that which befits +an assumed character; as, a theatrical <i>costume</i>; we sometimes +speak of a national <i>costume</i>, etc.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bareness,</td><td>disarray,</td><td>dishabille,</td><td>exposure,</td><td>nakedness,</td><td>nudity,</td><td>undress.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="DRIVE" id="DRIVE"></a>DRIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compel,</td><td>propel,</td><td>repel,</td><td>resist,</td><td>thrust,</td></tr> +<tr><td>impel,</td><td>push,</td><td>repulse,</td><td>ride,</td><td>urge on.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>drive</i> is to move an object with some force or violence before +or away from oneself; it is the direct reverse of <i>draw</i>, <i>lead</i>, +etc. A man leads a horse by the halter, <i>drives</i> him with whip +and rein. One may be <i>driven</i> to a thing or from it; hence, <i>drive</i> +is a synonym equally for <i>compel</i> or for <i>repel</i> or <i>repulse</i>. <i>Repulse</i> +is stronger and more conclusive than <i>repel</i>; one may be <i>repelled</i> +by the very aspect of the person whose favor he seeks, but is not +<i>repulsed</i> except by the direct refusal or ignoring of his suit. A +certain conventional modern usage, especially in England, requires +us to say that we <i>drive</i> in a carriage, <i>ride</i> upon a horse; +tho in Scripture we read of <i>riding</i> in a chariot (<i>2 Kings</i> ix, 16; +<i>Jer.</i> xvii, 25, etc.); good examples of the same usage may be<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +found abundantly in the older English. The propriety of a person's +saying that he is going to <i>drive</i> when he is simply to be conveyed +in a carriage, where some one else, as the coachman, does +all the <i>driving</i>, is exceedingly questionable. Many good authorities +prefer to use <i>ride</i> in the older and broader sense as signifying +to be supported and borne along by any means of conveyance. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BANISH">BANISH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPEL">COMPEL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INFLUENCE">INFLUENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRAW">DRAW</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Drive <i>to</i> market; <i>to</i> despair; drive <i>into</i> exile; <i>from</i> one's +presence; <i>out of</i> the city; drive <i>by</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>under</i> the lash; drive +<i>by</i> or <i>past</i> beautiful estates; <i>along</i> the beach; <i>beside</i> the river; +<i>through</i> the park; <i>across</i> the field; <i>around</i> the square; <i>to</i> the +door; <i>into</i> the barn; <i>out of</i> the sunshine.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DUPLICATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>copy,</td><td>facsimile,</td><td>likeness,</td><td>reproduction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>counterpart,</td><td>imitation,</td><td>replica,</td><td>transcript.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>copy</i> is as nearly like the original as the copyist has power +to make it; a <i>duplicate</i> is exactly like the original; a carbon <i>copy</i> +of a typewritten document must be a <i>duplicate</i>; we may have an +inaccurate <i>copy</i>, but never an inaccurate <i>duplicate</i>. A <i>facsimile</i> +is like the original in appearance; a <i>duplicate</i> is the same as the +original in substance and effect; a <i>facsimile</i> of the Declaration of +Independence is not a <i>duplicate</i>. A <i>facsimile</i> of a key might be +quite useless; a <i>duplicate</i> will open the lock. A <i>counterpart</i> exactly +corresponds to another object, but perhaps without design, +while a <i>copy</i> is intentional. An <i>imitation</i> is always thought of as +inferior to the original; as, an <i>imitation</i> of Milton. A <i>replica</i> is +a <i>copy</i> of a work of art by the maker of the original. In law, a +<i>copy</i> of an instrument has in itself no authority; the signatures, +as well as other matters, may be copied; a <i>duplicate</i> is really an +original, containing the same provisions and signed by the same +persons, so that it may have in all respects the same force and effect; +a <i>transcript</i> is an official <i>copy</i>, authenticated by the signature +of the proper officer, and by the seal of the appropriate court. +While strictly there could be but one <i>duplicate</i>, the word is now +extended to an indefinite number of exact <i>copies</i>. <i>Reproduction</i> +is chiefly applied to living organisms.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>archetype,</td><td>model,</td><td>original,</td><td>pattern,</td><td>prototype.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="DUTY" id="DUTY"></a>DUTY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accountability,</td><td>function,</td><td>office,</td><td>right,</td></tr> +<tr><td>business,</td><td>obligation,</td><td>responsibility,</td><td>righteousness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Etymologically, <i>duty</i> is that which is owed or due; <i>obligation</i>, +that to or by which one is bound; <i>right</i>, that which is correct, +straight, or in the direct line of truth and goodness; <i>responsibility</i>, +that for which one must answer. <i>Duty</i> and <i>responsibility</i> +are thought of as to some person or persons; <i>right</i> is impersonal. +One's <i>duty</i> may be to others or to himself; his <i>obligations</i> and +<i>responsibilities</i> are to others. <i>Duty</i> arises from the nature of +things; <i>obligation</i> and <i>responsibility</i> may be created by circumstances, +as by one's own promise, or by the acceptance of a trust, +etc. We speak of a parent's <i>duty</i>, a debtor's <i>obligation</i>; or of a +child's <i>duty</i> of obedience, and a parent's <i>responsibility</i> for the +child's welfare. <i>Right</i> is that which accords with the moral system +of the universe. <i>Righteousness</i> is <i>right</i> incarnated in action. +In a more limited sense, <i>right</i> may be used of what one may +rightly claim, and so be the converse of <i>duty</i>. It is the creditor's +<i>right</i> to demand payment, and the debtor's <i>duty</i> to pay. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EAGER" id="EAGER"></a>EAGER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>animated,</td><td>desirous,</td><td>glowing,</td><td>importunate,</td><td>longing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anxious,</td><td>earnest,</td><td>hot,</td><td>intense,</td><td>vehement,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ardent,</td><td>enthusiastic,</td><td>impatient,</td><td>intent,</td><td>yearning,</td></tr> +<tr><td>burning,</td><td>fervent,</td><td>impetuous,</td><td>keen,</td><td>zealous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One is <i>eager</i> who impatiently desires to accomplish some end; +one is <i>earnest</i> with a desire that is less impatient, but more deep, +resolute, and constant; one is <i>anxious</i> with a desire that foresees +rather the pain of disappointment than the delight of attainment. +One is <i>eager</i> for the gratification of any appetite or passion; he is +<i>earnest</i> in conviction, purpose, or character. <i>Eager</i> usually refers +to some specific and immediate satisfaction, <i>earnest</i> to something +permanent and enduring; the patriotic soldier is <i>earnest</i> in his +devotion to his country, <i>eager</i> for a decisive battle.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apathetic,</td><td>cool,</td><td>indifferent,</td><td>regardless,</td><td>unconcerned,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calm,</td><td>dispassionate,</td><td>negligent,</td><td>stolid,</td><td>uninterested,</td></tr> +<tr><td>careless,</td><td>frigid,</td><td>phlegmatic,</td><td>stony,</td><td>unmindful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cold,</td><td>heedless,</td><td>purposeless,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>unmoved.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Eager <i>for</i> (more rarely <i>after</i>) favor, honor, etc.; eager <i>in</i> +pursuit.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span></p> + +<h3>EASE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>easiness,</td><td>expertness,</td><td>facility,</td><td>knack,</td><td>readiness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Ease</i> in the sense here considered denotes freedom from conscious +or apparent effort, tax, or strain. <i>Ease</i> may be either of +condition or of action; <i>facility</i> is always of action; <i>readiness</i> is of +action or of expected action. One lives at <i>ease</i> who has no pressing +cares; one stands at <i>ease</i>, moves or speaks with <i>ease</i>, when +wholly without constraint. <i>Facility</i> is always active; <i>readiness</i> +may be active or passive; the speaker has <i>facility</i> of expression, +<i>readiness</i> of wit; any appliance is in <i>readiness</i> for use. <i>Ease</i> of +action may imply merely the possession of ample power; <i>facility</i> +always implies practise and skill; any one can press down the +keys of a typewriter with <i>ease</i>; only the skilled operator works +the machine with <i>facility</i>. <i>Readiness</i> in the active sense includes +much of the meaning of <i>ease</i> with the added idea of promptness +or alertness. <i>Easiness</i> applies to the thing done, rather than to +the doer. <i>Expertness</i> applies to the more mechanical processes of +body and mind; we speak of the <i>readiness</i> of an orator, but of +the <i>expertness</i> of a gymnast. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMFORTABLE">COMFORTABLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEXTERITY">DEXTERITY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#POWER">POWER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annoyance,</td><td>constraint,</td><td>discomfort,</td><td>irritation,</td><td>trouble,</td><td>vexation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>awkwardness,</td><td>difficulty,</td><td>disquiet,</td><td>perplexity,</td><td>uneasiness,</td><td>worry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EDUCATION" id="EDUCATION"></a>EDUCATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>breeding,</td><td>discipline,</td><td>learning,</td><td>study,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cultivation,</td><td>information,</td><td>nurture,</td><td>teaching,</td></tr> +<tr><td>culture,</td><td>instruction,</td><td>reading,</td><td>training,</td></tr> +<tr><td>development,</td><td>knowledge,</td><td>schooling,</td><td>tuition.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Education</i> (L. <i>educere</i>, to lead or draw out) is the systematic +development and cultivation of the mind and other natural powers. +"<i>Education</i> is the harmonious development of all our faculties. +It begins in the nursery, and goes on at school, but does +not end there. It continues through life, whether we will or not.... +'Every person,' says Gibbon, 'has two educations, one +which he receives from others, and one more important, which he +gives himself.'" <span class="smc">John Lubbock</span> <i>The Use of Life</i> ch. vii, p. 111. +[<span class="smc">Macm.</span> '94.] <i>Instruction</i>, the impartation of <i>knowledge</i> by +others (L. <i>instruere</i>, to build in or into) is but a part of education, +often the smallest part. <i>Teaching</i> is the more familiar and less +formal word for <i>instruction</i>. <i>Training</i> refers not merely to the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +impartation of <i>knowledge</i>, but to the exercising of one in actions +with the design to form habits. <i>Discipline</i> is systematic and rigorous +<i>training</i>, with the idea of subjection to authority and perhaps +of punishment. <i>Tuition</i> is the technical term for <i>teaching</i> +as the business of an instructor or as in the routine of a school; +<i>tuition</i> is narrower than <i>teaching</i>, not, like the latter word, including +<i>training</i>. <i>Study</i> is emphatically what one does for himself. +We speak of the <i>teaching</i>, <i>training</i>, or <i>discipline</i>, but not +of the <i>education</i> or <i>tuition</i> of a dog or a horse. <i>Breeding</i> and +<i>nurture</i> include <i>teaching</i> and <i>training</i>, especially as directed by +and dependent upon home life and personal association; <i>breeding</i> +having reference largely to manners with such qualities as are +deemed distinctively characteristic of high birth; <i>nurture</i> (literally +<i>nourishing</i>) having more direct reference to moral qualities, +not overlooking the physical and mental. <i>Knowledge</i> and <i>learning</i> +tell nothing of mental development apart from the capacity +to acquire and remember, and nothing whatever of that moral +development which is included in <i>education</i> in its fullest and +noblest sense; <i>learning</i>, too, may be acquired by one's unaided +industry, but any full <i>education</i> must be the result in great part +of <i>instruction</i>, <i>training</i>, and personal association. <i>Study</i> is +emphatically what one does for himself, and in which <i>instruction</i> +and <i>tuition</i> can only point the way, encourage the student to +advance, and remove obstacles; vigorous, persevering <i>study</i> is +one of the best elements of <i>training</i>. <i>Study</i> is also used in the +sense of the thing studied, a subject to be mastered by <i>study</i>, a +studious pursuit. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#KNOWLEDGE">KNOWLEDGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REFINEMENT">REFINEMENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#WISDOM">WISDOM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ignorance,</td><td>illiteracy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#IGNORANT">IGNORANT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EFFRONTERY" id="EFFRONTERY"></a>EFFRONTERY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>boldness,</td><td>hardihood,</td><td>insolence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>audacity,</td><td>brass,</td><td>impudence,</td><td>shamelessness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Audacity</i>, in the sense here considered, is a reckless defiance of +law, decency, public opinion, or personal rights, claims, or views, +approaching the meaning of <i>impudence</i> or <i>shamelessness</i>, but +always carrying the thought of the personal risk that one disregards +in such defiance; the merely <i>impudent</i> or <i>shameless</i> person +may take no thought of consequences; the <i>audacious</i> person<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +recognizes and recklessly braves them. <i>Hardihood</i> defies and +disregards the rational judgment of men. <i>Effrontery</i> (L. <i>effrons</i>, +barefaced, shameless) adds to <i>audacity</i> and <i>hardihood</i> the special +element of defiance of considerations of propriety, duty, and +respect for others, yet not to the extent implied in <i>impudence</i> or +<i>shamelessness</i>. <i>Impudence</i> disregards what is due to superiors; +<i>shamelessness</i> defies decency. <i>Boldness</i> is forward-stepping courage, +spoken of with reference to the presence and observation of +others; <i>boldness</i>, in the good sense, is courage viewed from the +outside; but the word is frequently used in an unfavorable sense +to indicate a lack of proper sensitiveness and modesty. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ASSURANCE">ASSURANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BRAVE">BRAVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>diffidence,</td><td>sensitiveness,</td><td>shyness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coyness,</td><td>modesty,</td><td>shrinking,</td><td>timidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EGOTISM" id="EGOTISM"></a>EGOTISM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conceit,</td><td>self-assertion,</td><td>self-confidence,</td><td>self-esteem,</td></tr> +<tr><td>egoism,</td><td>self-conceit,</td><td>self-consciousness,</td><td>vanity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Egoism</i> is giving the "I" undue supremacy in thought; <i>egotism</i> +is giving the "I" undue prominence in speech. <i>Egotism</i> is +sometimes used in the sense of <i>egoism</i>, or supreme regard for oneself. +<i>Self-assertion</i> is the claim by word, act, or manner of what +one believes to be his due; <i>self-conceit</i> is an overestimate of one's +own powers or deserts. <i>Conceit</i> is a briefer expression for <i>self-conceit</i>, +with always an offensive implication; <i>self-conceit</i> is ridiculous +or pitiable; <i>conceit</i> arouses resentment. There is a worthy +<i>self-confidence</i> which springs from consciousness of rectitude and +of power equal to demands. <i>Self-assertion</i> at times becomes a +duty; but <i>self-conceit</i> is always a weakness. <i>Self-consciousness</i> +is the keeping of one's thoughts upon oneself, with the constant +anxious question of what others will think. <i>Vanity</i> is an overweening +admiration of self, craving equal admiration from others; +<i>self-consciousness</i> is commonly painful to its possessor, <i>vanity</i> +always a source of satisfaction, except as it fails to receive its +supposed due. <i>Self-esteem</i> is more solid and better founded than +<i>self-conceit</i>; but is ordinarily a weakness, and never has the +worthy sense of <i>self-confidence</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ASSURANCE">ASSURANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIDE">PRIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>diffidence,</td><td>modesty,</td><td>self-forgetfulness,</td><td>unobtrusiveness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deference,</td><td>humility,</td><td>self-distrust,</td><td>shyness,</td><td>unostentatiousness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="EMBLEM" id="EMBLEM"></a>EMBLEM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attribute,</td><td>figure,</td><td>image,</td><td>sign,</td><td>symbol,</td><td>token,</td><td>type.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Emblem</i> is the English form of <i>emblema</i>, a Latin word of Greek +origin, signifying a figure beaten out on a metallic vessel by blows +from within; also, a figure inlaid in wood, stone, or other material +as a copy of some natural object. The Greek word <i>symbolon</i> +denoted a victor's wreath, a check, or any object that might be +compared with, or found to correspond with another, whether +there was or was not anything in the objects compared to suggest +the comparison. Thus an <i>emblem</i> resembles, a <i>symbol</i> represents. +An <i>emblem</i> has some natural fitness to suggest that for which it +stands; a <i>symbol</i> has been chosen or agreed upon to suggest something +else, with or without natural fitness; a <i>sign</i> does actually +suggest the thing with or without reason, and with or without intention +or choice. A <i>symbol</i> may be also an <i>emblem</i>; thus the +elements of bread and wine in the Lord's Supper are both appropriate +<i>emblems</i> and his own chosen <i>symbols</i> of suffering and death. +A statement of doctrine is often called a <i>symbol</i> of faith; but it +is not an <i>emblem</i>. On the other hand, the same thing may be +both a <i>sign</i> and a <i>symbol</i>; a letter of the alphabet is a <i>sign</i> which +indicates a sound; but letters are often used as mathematical, +chemical, or astronomical <i>symbols</i>. A <i>token</i> is something given +or done as a pledge or expression of feeling or intent; while the +<i>sign</i> may be unintentional, the <i>token</i> is voluntary; kind looks may +be <i>signs</i> of regard; a gift is a <i>token</i>; a ring, which is a natural <i>emblem</i> +of eternity, and also its accepted <i>symbol</i>, is frequently given +as a <i>token</i> of friendship or love. A <i>figure</i> in the sense here considered +is something that represents an idea to the mind somewhat +as a form is represented to the eye, as in drawing, painting, or +sculpture; as representing a future reality, a <i>figure</i> may be practically +the same as a <i>type</i>. An <i>image</i> is a visible representation, +especially in sculpture, having or supposed to have a close resemblance +to that which it represents. A <i>type</i> is in religion a representation +of a greater reality to come; we speak of one object as +the <i>type</i> of the class whose characteristics it exhibits, as in the +case of animal or vegetable <i>types</i>. An <i>attribute</i> in art is some accessory +used to characterize a <i>figure</i> or scene; the <i>attribute</i> is +often an <i>emblem</i> or <i>symbol</i>; thus the eagle is the <i>attribute</i> of St. +John as an <i>emblem</i> of lofty spiritual vision. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SIGN">SIGN</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p> + +<h3>EMIGRATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>immigrate,</td><td>migrate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>migrate</i> is to change one's dwelling-place, usually with the +idea of repeated change, or of periodical return; it applies to +wandering tribes of men, and to many birds and animals. <i>Emigrate</i> +and <i>immigrate</i> carry the idea of a permanent change of +residence to some other country or some distant region; the two +words are used distinctively of human beings, and apply to the +same person and the same act, according to the side from which +the action is viewed.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A person emigrates <i>from</i> the land he leaves, and immigrates <i>to</i> +the land where he takes up his abode.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EMPLOY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>call,</td><td>engage,</td><td>engross,</td><td>hire,</td><td>make use of,</td><td>use,</td><td>use up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In general terms it may be said that to <i>employ</i> is to devote to +one's purpose, to <i>use</i> is to render subservient to one's purpose; +what is <i>used</i> is viewed as more absolutely an instrument than +what is <i>employed</i>; a merchant <i>employs</i> a clerk; he <i>uses</i> pen and +paper; as a rule, <i>use</i> is not said of persons, except in a degrading +sense; as, the conspirators <i>used</i> him as a go-between. Hence the +expression common in some religious circles "that God would +<i>use</i> me" is not to be commended; it has also the fault of representing +the human worker as absolutely a passive and helpless instrument; +the phrase is altogether unscriptural; the Scripture +says, "We are laborers together with (co-workers with) God." +That which is <i>used</i> is often consumed in the <i>using</i>, or in familiar +phrase <i>used up</i>; as, we <i>used</i> twenty tons of coal last winter; in +such cases we could not substitute <i>employ</i>. A person may be <i>employed</i> +in his own work or in that of another; in the latter case +the service is always understood to be for pay. In this connection +<i>employ</i> is a word of more dignity than <i>hire</i>; a general is <i>employed</i> +in his country's service; a mercenary adventurer is <i>hired</i> to fight +a tyrant's battles. It is unsuitable, according to present usage, to +speak of <i>hiring</i> a pastor; the Scripture, indeed, says of the +preacher, "The laborer is worthy of his hire;" but this sense is +archaic, and <i>hire</i> now implies that the one <i>hired</i> works directly +and primarily for the pay, as expressed in the noun "hireling;" +a Pastor is properly said to be <i>called</i>, or when the business side<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +of the transaction is referred to, <i>engaged</i>, or possibly <i>employed</i>, +at a certain salary.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Employ <i>in</i>, <i>on</i>, <i>upon</i>, or <i>about</i> a work, business, etc.; <i>for</i> a +purpose; <i>at</i> a stipulated salary.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="END_v" id="END_v"></a>END, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>break off,</td><td>close,</td><td>conclude,</td><td>expire,</td><td>quit,</td><td>terminate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cease,</td><td>complete,</td><td>desist,</td><td>finish,</td><td>stop,</td><td>wind up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That <i>ends</i>, or is <i>ended</i>, of which there is no more, whether or +not more was intended or needed; that is <i>closed</i>, <i>completed</i>, <i>concluded</i>, +or <i>finished</i> which has come to an expected or appropriate +end. A speech may be <i>ended</i> almost as soon as begun, because of +the speaker's illness, or of tumult in the audience; in such a case, +the speech is neither <i>closed</i>, <i>completed</i>, nor <i>finished</i>, nor, in the +strict sense, <i>concluded</i>. An argument may be <i>closed</i> with nothing +proved; when an argument is <i>concluded</i> all that is deemed +necessary to prove the point has been stated. To <i>finish</i> is to do +the last thing there is to do; as, "I have <i>finished</i> my course," <i>2 +Tim.</i> iv, 7. <i>Finish</i> has come to mean, not merely to <i>complete</i> in +the essentials, but to perfect in all the minute details, as in the expression +"to add the <i>finishing</i> touches." The enumeration is +<i>completed</i>; the poem, the picture, the statue is <i>finished</i>. To <i>terminate</i> +may be either to bring to an arbitrary or to an appropriate +end; as, he <i>terminated</i> his remarks abruptly; the spire <i>terminates</i> +in a cross. A thing <i>stops</i> that comes to rest from motion; or the +motion <i>stops</i> or <i>ceases</i> when the object comes to rest; <i>stop</i> frequently +signifies to bring or come to a sudden and decided cessation +of motion, progress, or action of any kind. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#TRANSACT">TRANSACT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEGIN">BEGIN</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="END_n" id="END_n"></a>END, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplishment,</td><td>effect,</td><td>limit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>achievement,</td><td>expiration,</td><td>outcome,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bound,</td><td>extent,</td><td>period,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boundary,</td><td>extremity,</td><td>point,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cessation,</td><td>finale,</td><td>purpose,</td></tr> +<tr><td>close,</td><td>finis,</td><td>result,</td></tr> +<tr><td>completion,</td><td>finish,</td><td>termination,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclusion,</td><td>fulfilment,</td><td>terminus,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consequence,</td><td>goal,</td><td>tip,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consummation,</td><td>intent,</td><td>utmost,</td></tr> +<tr><td>design,</td><td>issue,</td><td>uttermost.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>The <i>end</i> is the terminal part of a material object that has +length; the <i>extremity</i> is distinctively the terminal <i>point</i>, and may +thus be but part of the <i>end</i> in the general sense of that word; the +<i>extremity</i> is viewed as that which is most remote from some center, +or some mean or standard position; the southern <i>end</i> of +South America includes all Patagonia, the southern <i>extremity</i> or +<i>point</i> is Cape Horn. <i>Tip</i> has nearly the same meaning as <i>extremity</i>, +but is said of small or slight and tapering objects; as, the +<i>tip</i> of the finger; <i>point</i> in such connections is said of that which +is drawn out to exceeding fineness or sharpness, as the <i>point</i> of a +needle, a fork, or a sword; <i>extremity</i> is said of something considerable; +we do not speak of the <i>extremity</i> of a needle. <i>Terminus</i> is +chiefly used to designate the <i>end</i> of a line of travel or transportation: +specifically, the furthermost station in any direction on a +railway, or by extension the town or village where it is situated. +<i>Termination</i> is the Latin and more formal word for the Saxon +<i>end</i>, but is chiefly used of time, words, undertakings, or abstractions +of any kind. <i>Expiration</i> signifies the coming to an <i>end</i> in +the natural course of things; as, the <i>expiration</i> of a year, or of a +lease; it is used of things of some consequence; we do not ordinarily +speak of the <i>expiration</i> of an hour or of a day. <i>Limit</i> implies +some check to or restraint upon further advance, right, or +privilege; as, the <i>limits</i> of an estate (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BOUNDARY">BOUNDARY</a></span>). A +<i>goal</i> is an <i>end</i> sought or striven for, as in a race. For the figurative +senses of <i>end</i> and its associated words, compare the synonyms +for the verb <span class="smcl"><a href="#END_v">END</a></span>; also for <span class="smcl"><a href="#AIM">AIM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONSEQUENCE">CONSEQUENCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DESIGN">DESIGN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEGINNING">BEGINNING</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ENDEAVOR_v" id="ENDEAVOR_v"></a>ENDEAVOR, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attempt,</td><td>essay,</td><td>strive,</td><td>try,</td><td>undertake.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>attempt</i> is to take action somewhat experimentally with the +hope and purpose of accomplishing a certain result; to <i>endeavor</i> +is to <i>attempt</i> strenuously and with firm and enduring purpose. +To <i>attempt</i> expresses a single act; to <i>endeavor</i>, a continuous +exertion; we say I will <i>endeavor</i> (not I will <i>attempt</i>) while I live. +To <i>attempt</i> is with the view of accomplishing; to <i>essay</i>, with a +view of testing our own powers. To <i>undertake</i> is to accept or +take upon oneself as an obligation, as some business, labor, or +trust; the word often implies complete assurance of success; as,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +I will <i>undertake</i> to produce the witness. To <i>strive</i> suggests little +of the result, much of toil, strain, and contest, in seeking it; I +will <i>strive</i> to fulfil your wishes, <i>i. e.</i>, I will spare no labor and +exertion to do it. <i>Try</i> is the most comprehensive of these words. +The original idea of testing or experimenting is not thought of +when a man says "I will <i>try</i>." To <i>attempt</i> suggests giving up, if +the thing is not accomplished at a stroke; to <i>try</i> implies using +other means and studying out other ways if not at first successful. +<i>Endeavor</i> is more mild and formal; the pilot in the burning pilot-house +does not say "I will <i>endeavor</i>" or "I will <i>attempt</i> to hold +the ship to her course," but "I'll <i>try</i>, sir!"</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>give up,</td><td>omit,</td><td>throw away,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dismiss,</td><td>let go,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>throw over,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drop,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>pass by,</td><td>throw up.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ENDEAVOR, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attempt,</td><td>effort,</td><td>essay,</td><td>exertion,</td><td>struggle,</td><td>trial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Effort</i> denotes the voluntary putting forth of power to attain +or accomplish some specific thing; it reaches toward a definite +end; <i>exertion</i> is a putting forth of power without special reference +to an object. Every <i>effort</i> is an <i>exertion</i>, but not every +<i>exertion</i> is an <i>effort</i>. <i>Attempt</i> is more experimental than <i>effort</i>, +<i>endeavor</i> less strenuous but more continuous. An <i>effort</i> is a single +act, an <i>endeavor</i> a continued series of acts; an <i>endeavor</i> is +sustained and enduring, and may be lifelong; we do not have a +society of Christian <i>Attempt</i>, or of Christian <i>Effort</i>, but of Christian +<i>Endeavor</i>. A <i>struggle</i> is a violent <i>effort</i> or strenuous <i>exertion</i>. +An <i>essay</i> is an <i>attempt</i>, <i>effort</i>, or <i>endeavor</i> made as a test +of the powers of the one who makes it. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENDEAVOR_v">ENDEAVOR</a></span>, <i>v.</i></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ENDURE" id="ENDURE"></a>ENDURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abide,</td><td>bear,</td><td>brook,</td><td>submit to,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>afford,</td><td>bear up under,</td><td>permit,</td><td>suffer,</td><td>tolerate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>allow,</td><td>bear with,</td><td>put up with,</td><td>support,</td><td>undergo.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bear</i> is the most general of these words; it is metaphorically +to hold up or keep up a burden of care, pain, grief, annoyance, or +the like, without sinking, lamenting, or repining. <i>Allow</i> and <i>permit</i> +involve large concession of the will; <i>put up with</i> and <i>tolerate</i> +imply decided aversion and reluctant withholding of opposition or<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +interference; whispering is <i>allowed</i> by the school-teacher who +does not forbid nor censure it; one <i>puts up with</i> the presence of a +disagreeable visitor; a state <i>tolerates</i> a religion which it would be +glad to suppress. To <i>endure</i> is to <i>bear with</i> strain and resistance, +but with conscious power; <i>endure</i> conveys a fuller suggestion +of contest and conquest than <i>bear</i>. One may choose to <i>endure</i> +the pain of a surgical operation rather than take anesthetics; he +<i>permits</i> the thing to come which he must brace himself to <i>endure</i> +when it comes. To <i>afford</i> is to be equal to a pecuniary demand, +<i>i. e.</i>, to be able to <i>bear</i> it. To <i>brook</i> is quietly to <i>put up with</i> +provocation or insult. <i>Abide</i> combines the senses of await and +<i>endure</i>; as, I will <i>abide</i> the result. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABIDE">ABIDE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>break,</td><td>despair,</td><td>fail,</td><td>fall,</td><td>give out,</td><td>sink,</td><td>surrender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>break down,</td><td>droop,</td><td>faint,</td><td>falter,</td><td>give up,</td><td>succumb,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ENEMY" id="ENEMY"></a>ENEMY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adversary,</td><td>antagonist,</td><td>competitor,</td><td>foe,</td><td>opponent,</td><td>rival.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>enemy</i> in private life is one who is moved by hostile feeling +with active disposition to injure; but in military language all who +fight on the opposite side are called <i>enemies</i> or collectively "the +<i>enemy</i>," where no personal animosity may be implied; <i>foe</i>, which +is rather a poetical and literary word, implies intensely hostile +spirit and purpose. An <i>antagonist</i> is one who opposes and is +opposed actively and with intensity of effort; an <i>opponent</i>, one +in whom the attitude of resistance is the more prominent; a <i>competitor</i>, +one who seeks the same object for which another is striving; +<i>antagonists</i> in wrestling, <i>competitors</i> in business, <i>opponents</i> +in debate may contend with no personal ill will; <i>rivals</i> in love, +ambition, etc., rarely avoid inimical feeling. <i>Adversary</i> was +formerly much used in the general sense of <i>antagonist</i> or <i>opponent</i>, +but is now less common, and largely restricted to the hostile +sense; an <i>adversary</i> is ordinarily one who not only opposes another +in fact, but does so with hostile spirit, or perhaps out of +pure malignity; as, the great <i>Adversary</i>. Compare synonyms +for <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMBITION">AMBITION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abettor,</td><td>accessory,</td><td>accomplice,</td><td>ally,</td><td>friend,</td><td>helper,</td><td>supporter.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>He was the enemy <i>of</i> my friend <i>in</i> the contest.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="ENMITY" id="ENMITY"></a>ENMITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acrimony,</td><td>bitterness,</td><td>ill will,</td><td>malignity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animosity,</td><td>hatred,</td><td>malevolence,</td><td>rancor,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonism,</td><td>hostility,</td><td>malice,</td><td>spite.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Enmity</i> is the state of being an enemy or the feeling and disposition +characterizing an enemy (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENEMY">ENEMY</a></span>). <i>Animosity</i> denotes +a feeling more active and vehement, but often less enduring +and determined, than <i>enmity</i>. <i>Enmity</i> distinctly recognizes its +object as an enemy, to be met or dealt with accordingly. <i>Hostility</i> +is <i>enmity</i> in action; the term <i>hostilities</i> between nations denotes +actual armed collision. <i>Bitterness</i> is a resentful feeling +arising from a belief that one has been wronged; <i>acrimony</i> is a +kindred feeling, but deeper and more persistent, and may arise +from the crossing of one's wishes or plans by another, where no +injustice or wrong is felt. <i>Antagonism</i>, as between two competing +authors or merchants, does not necessarily imply <i>enmity</i>, but ordinarily +suggests a shade, at least, of hostile feeling. <i>Malice</i> is a +disposition or intent to injure others, for the gratification of some +evil passion; <i>malignity</i> is intense and violent <i>enmity</i>, <i>hatred</i>, or +<i>malice</i>. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACRIMONY">ACRIMONY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>amity,</td><td>friendship,</td><td>kindliness,</td><td>regard,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alliance,</td><td>concord,</td><td>harmony,</td><td>kindness,</td><td>sympathy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ENTERTAIN" id="ENTERTAIN"></a>ENTERTAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amuse,</td><td>cheer,</td><td>disport,</td><td>enliven,</td><td>interest,</td><td>please,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beguile,</td><td>delight,</td><td>divert,</td><td>gratify,</td><td>occupy,</td><td>recreate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>entertain</i>, in the sense here considered, is to engage and +pleasantly occupy the attention; to <i>amuse</i> is to occupy the attention +in an especially bright and cheerful way, often with that +which excites merriment or laughter; as, he <i>entertained</i> us with +an <i>amusing</i> story. To <i>divert</i> is to turn from serious thoughts +or laborious pursuits to something that lightly and agreeably occupies +the mind; one may be <i>entertained</i> or <i>amused</i> who has +nothing serious or laborious from which to be <i>diverted</i>. To <i>recreate</i>, +literally to re-create, is to engage mind or body in some pleasing +activity that restores strength and energy for serious work. +To <i>beguile</i> is, as it were, to cheat into cheer and comfort by something +that insensibly draws thought or feeling away from pain or +disquiet. We <i>beguile</i> a weary hour, <i>cheer</i> the despondent, <i>divert</i> +the preoccupied, <i>enliven</i> a dull evening or company, <i>gratify</i> our<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> +friends' wishes, <i>entertain</i>, <i>interest</i>, <i>please</i> a listening audience, +<i>occupy</i> idle time, <i>disport</i> ourselves when merry, <i>recreate</i> when +worn with toil; we <i>amuse</i> ourselves or others with whatever +pleasantly passes the time without special exertion, each according +to his taste.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annoy,</td><td>bore,</td><td>busy,</td><td>disquiet,</td><td>distract,</td><td>disturb,</td><td>tire,</td><td>weary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ENTERTAINMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amusement,</td><td>diversion,</td><td>fun,</td><td>pleasure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheer,</td><td>enjoyment,</td><td>merriment,</td><td>recreation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delight,</td><td>frolic,</td><td>pastime,</td><td>sport.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Entertainment</i> and <i>recreation</i> imply thought and mental occupation, +tho in an agreeable, refreshing way; they are therefore +words of a high order. <i>Entertainment</i>, apart from its special +senses of a public performance or a social party, and predominantly +even there, is used of somewhat mirthful mental delight; +<i>recreation</i> may, and usually does, combine the mental with the +physical. <i>Amusement</i> and <i>pastime</i> are nearly equivalent, the +latter probably the lighter word; many slight things may be +<i>pastimes</i> which we should hardly dignify by the name of <i>amusements</i>. +<i>Sports</i> are almost wholly on the physical plane, tho +involving a certain grade of mental action; fox-hunting, horse-racing, +and baseball are <i>sports</i>. Certain <i>sports</i> may afford <i>entertainment</i> +or <i>recreation</i> to certain persons, according to their individual +tastes; but <i>entertainment</i> and <i>recreation</i> are capable of a +meaning so high as never to be approached by any meaning of +<i>sport</i>. <i>Cheer</i> may be very quiet, as the <i>cheer</i> of a bright fire to +an aged traveler; <i>merriment</i> is with liveliness and laughter; <i>fun</i> +and <i>frolic</i> are apt to be boisterous. <i>Amusement</i> is a form of <i>enjoyment</i>, +but <i>enjoyment</i> may be too keen to be called <i>amusement</i>. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENTERTAIN">ENTERTAIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ennui,</td><td>fatigue,</td><td>labor,</td><td>lassitude,</td><td>toil,</td><td>weariness,</td><td>work.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ENTHUSIASM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ardor,</td><td>excitement,</td><td>frenzy,</td><td>transport,</td></tr> +<tr><td>devotion,</td><td>extravagance,</td><td>inspiration,</td><td>vehemence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>eagerness,</td><td>fanaticism,</td><td>intensity,</td><td>warmth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>earnestness,</td><td>fervency,</td><td>passion,</td><td>zeal.</td></tr> +<tr><td>ecstasy,</td><td>fervor,</td><td colspan="2">rapture,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The old meaning of <i>enthusiasm</i> implies a pseudo-<i>inspiration</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +an almost frantic <i>extravagance</i> in behalf of something supposed +to be an expression of the divine will. This sense remains as the +controlling one in the kindred noun <i>enthusiast</i>. <i>Enthusiasm</i> has +now chiefly the meaning of an earnest and commendable <i>devotion</i>, +an intense and eager interest. Against the hindrances of the +world, nothing great and good can be carried without a certain +<i>fervor</i>, <i>intensity</i>, and <i>vehemence</i>; these joined with faith, courage, +and hopefulness make <i>enthusiasm</i>. <i>Zeal</i> is burning <i>earnestness</i>, +always tending to vigorous action with all the <i>devotion</i> of <i>enthusiasm</i>, +tho often without its hopefulness. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EAGER">EAGER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calculation,</td><td>caution,</td><td>deadness,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>policy,</td><td>timidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calmness,</td><td>coldness,</td><td>dulness,</td><td>lukewarmness,</td><td>prudence,</td><td>wariness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ENTRANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>access,</td><td>approach,</td><td>gate,</td><td>introduction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accession,</td><td>door,</td><td>gateway,</td><td>opening,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adit,</td><td>doorway,</td><td>ingress,</td><td>penetration,</td></tr> +<tr><td>admission,</td><td>entrée,</td><td>inlet,</td><td>portal.</td></tr> +<tr><td>admittance,</td><td colspan="3">entry,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Entrance</i>, the act of entering, refers merely to the fact of passing +from without to within some enclosure; <i>admission</i> and <i>admittance</i> +refer to entering by or with some one's consent, or at +least to opportunity afforded by some one's act or neglect. We +may effect or force an <i>entrance</i>, but not <i>admittance</i> or <i>admission</i>; +those we gain, procure, obtain, secure, win. <i>Admittance</i> refers to +place, <i>admission</i> refers also to position, privilege, favor, friendship, +etc. An intruder may gain <i>admittance</i> to the hall of a society +who would not be allowed <i>admission</i> to its membership. <i>Approach</i> +is a movement toward another; <i>access</i> is coming all the +way to his presence, recognition, and consideration. An unworthy +favorite may prevent even those who gain <i>admittance</i> to a king's +audience from obtaining any real <i>access</i> to the king. <i>Entrance</i> +is also used figuratively for setting out upon some career, or becoming +a member of some organization; as, we speak of one's +<i>entrance</i> upon college life, or of <i>entrance</i> into the ministry.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>departure,</td><td>ejection,</td><td>exit,</td><td>refusal,</td><td rowspan="2">withdrawal.</td></tr> +<tr><td>egress,</td><td>exclusion,</td><td>expulsion,</td><td>rejection,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Entrance <i>into</i> a place; <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> a work or course of action; +<i>into</i> or <i>upon</i> office; <i>into</i> battle; <i>by</i> or <i>through</i> the door; <i>within</i> +the gates; <i>into</i> or <i>among</i> the company.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ENVIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>jealous,</td><td>suspicious.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One is <i>envious</i> who cherishes selfish ill will toward another because +of his superior success, endowments, possessions, or the +like. A person is <i>envious</i> of that which is another's, and to which +he himself has no right or claim; he is <i>jealous</i> of intrusion upon +that which is his own, or to which he maintains a right or claim. +An <i>envious</i> spirit is always bad; a <i>jealous</i> spirit may be good or +bad, according to its object and tendency. A free people must be +<i>jealous</i> of their liberties if they would retain them. One is <i>suspicious</i> +of another from unfavorable indications or from a knowledge +of wrong in his previous conduct, or even without reason. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DOUBT_n">DOUBT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contented,</td><td>friendly,</td><td>kindly,</td><td>satisfied,</td><td>trustful,</td><td>well-disposed.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Envious <i>of</i> (formerly <i>at</i> or <i>against</i>) a person; envious <i>of</i> his +wealth or power; envious <i>of</i> him <i>for</i>, <i>because of</i>, <i>on account of</i> +his wealth or power.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EQUIVOCAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ambiguous,</td><td>enigmatical,</td><td>indistinct,</td><td>questionable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>doubtful,</td><td>indefinite,</td><td>obscure,</td><td>suspicious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dubious,</td><td>indeterminate,</td><td>perplexing,</td><td>uncertain.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">enigmatic,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Equivocal</i> (L. <i>equus</i>, equal, and <i>vox</i>, voice, word) denotes that +which may equally well be understood in either of two or more +ways. <i>Ambiguous</i> (L. <i>ambi</i>, around, and <i>ago</i>, drive, lead) signifies +lacking in distinctness or certainty, obscure or doubtful +through indefiniteness of expression. <i>Ambiguous</i> is applied only +to spoken or written statements; <i>equivocal</i> has other applications. +A statement is <i>ambiguous</i> when it leaves the mind of the reader +or hearer to fluctuate between two meanings, which would fit the +language equally well; it is <i>equivocal</i> when it would naturally be +understood in one way, but is capable of a different interpretation; +an <i>equivocal</i> expression is, as a rule, intentionally deceptive, +while an <i>ambiguous</i> utterance may be simply the result of a want +either of clear thought or of adequate expression. That which is +<i>enigmatical</i> must be guessed like a riddle; a statement may be +purposely made <i>enigmatical</i> in order to provoke thought and +study. That is <i>doubtful</i> which is fairly open to doubt; that is +<i>dubious</i> which has become the subject of doubts so grave as<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +scarcely to fall short of condemnation; as, a <i>dubious</i> reputation. +<i>Questionable</i> may be used nearly in the sense either of <i>dubious</i> or +of <i>doubtful</i>; a <i>questionable</i> statement is one that must be proved +before it can be accepted. To say that one's honesty is <i>questionable</i> +is a mild way of saying that in the opinion of the speaker he is +likely to prove dishonest. <i>Equivocal</i> is sometimes, tho more +rarely, used in this sense. A <i>suspicious</i> character gives manifest +reason to be suspected; a <i>suspicious</i> temper is inclined to suspect +the motives and intentions of others, with or without reason. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEAR">CLEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certain,</td><td>evident,</td><td>lucid,</td><td>perspicuous,</td><td>unequivocal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>indisputable,</td><td>manifest,</td><td>plain,</td><td>unquestionable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>distinct,</td><td>indubitable,</td><td>obvious,</td><td>unambiguous,</td><td>unquestioned.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ESTEEM_v" id="ESTEEM_v"></a>ESTEEM, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>appreciate,</td><td>consider,</td><td>estimate,</td><td>prize,</td><td>think,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calculate,</td><td>deem,</td><td>hold,</td><td>regard,</td><td>value.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Esteem</i> and <i>estimate</i> alike imply to set a certain mental value +upon, but <i>esteem</i> is less precise and mercantile than <i>calculate</i> or +<i>estimate</i>. We <i>esteem</i> a jewel precious; we <i>estimate</i> it to be worth +so much money. This sense of <i>esteem</i> is now chiefly found in literary +or oratorical style, and in certain conventional phrases; as, +I <i>esteem</i> it an honor, a favor. In popular usage <i>esteem</i>, as said of +persons, denotes a union of respect and kindly feeling and, in the +highest sense, of moral approbation; as, one whom I highly +<i>esteem</i>; the word may be used in a similar sense of material +things or abstractions; as, one whose friendship I <i>esteem</i>; a shell +greatly <i>esteemed</i> for inlaid work. To <i>appreciate</i> anything is to +be deeply or keenly sensible of or sensitive to its qualities or influence, +to see its full import, be alive to its value, importance, or +worth; as, to <i>appreciate</i> beauty or harmony; to <i>appreciate</i> one's +services in a cause; the word is similarly, tho rarely, used of +persons. To <i>prize</i> is to set a high value on for something more +than merely commercial reasons. One may <i>value</i> some object, as +a picture, beyond all price, as a family heirloom, or may <i>prize</i> it +as the gift of an <i>esteemed</i> friend, without at all <i>appreciating</i> its +artistic merit or commercial value. To <i>regard</i> (F. <i>regarder</i>, look +at, observe) is to have a certain mental view favorable or unfavorable; +as, I <i>regard</i> him as a friend; or, I <i>regard</i> him as a villain; +<i>regard</i> has a distinctively favorable sense as applied to institutions,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +proprieties, duties, etc., but does not share the use of the noun <i>regard</i> +as applied to persons; we <i>regard</i> the Sabbath; we <i>regard</i> a +person's feelings; we have a <i>regard</i> for the person. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ESTEEM_n">ESTEEM</a></span>, <i>n.</i></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ESTEEM_n" id="ESTEEM_n"></a>ESTEEM, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>estimate,</td><td>estimation,</td><td>favor,</td><td>regard,</td><td>respect.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Esteem</i> for a person is a favorable opinion on the basis of +worth, especially of moral worth, joined with a feeling of interest +in and attraction toward the person. <i>Regard</i> for a person is the +mental view or feeling that springs from a sense of his value, excellence, +or superiority, with a cordial and hearty friendliness. +<i>Regard</i> is more personal and less distant than <i>esteem</i>, and adds a +special kindliness; <i>respect</i> is a more distant word than <i>esteem</i>. +<i>Respect</i> may be wholly on one side, while <i>regard</i> is more often +mutual; <i>respect</i> in the fullest sense is given to what is lofty, +worthy, and honorable, or to a person of such qualities; we may +pay an external <i>respect</i> to one of lofty station, regardless of personal +qualities, showing <i>respect</i> for the office. <i>Estimate</i> has more +of calculation; as, my <i>estimate</i> of the man, or of his abilities, is +very high. <i>Estimation</i> involves the idea of calculation or appraisal +with that of <i>esteem</i> or <i>regard</i>, and is especially used of the +feeling entertained by numbers of people; as, he stood high in +public <i>estimation</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ESTEEM_v">ESTEEM</a></span>, <i>v.</i>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOVE">LOVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abhorrence,</td><td>aversion,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>loathing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antipathy,</td><td>contempt,</td><td>hatred,</td><td>repugnance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ETERNAL" id="ETERNAL"></a>ETERNAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deathless,</td><td>fadeless,</td><td>never-failing,</td><td>undying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>endless,</td><td>immortal,</td><td>perennial,</td><td>unending,</td></tr> +<tr><td>eonian,</td><td>imperishable,</td><td>perpetual,</td><td>unfading,</td></tr> +<tr><td>everlasting,</td><td>interminable,</td><td>timeless,</td><td>unfailing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ever-living,</td><td>never-ending,</td><td>unceasing,</td><td>without end.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Eternal</i> strictly signifies without beginning or end, in which +sense it applies to God alone; <i>everlasting</i> applies to that which +may or may not have beginning, but will never cease; <i>eternal</i> is +also used in this more limited sense; <i>endless</i>, without end, in its +utmost reach, is not distinguishable from <i>everlasting</i>; but <i>endless</i> +is constantly used in inferior senses, especially in mechanics, as in +the phrases an <i>endless</i> screw, an <i>endless</i> chain. <i>Everlasting</i> and +<i>endless</i> are both used in a limited sense of protracted, indefinite,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +but not infinite duration; as, the <i>everlasting</i> hills; <i>endless</i> debates; +so we speak of <i>interminable</i> quarrels. <i>Eternal</i> holds quite +strictly to the vast and sacred meaning in which it is applied to +the Divine Being and the future state. <i>Everlasting</i>, <i>endless</i>, and +<i>eternal</i> may be applied to that which has no life; as, <i>everlasting</i> +chains, <i>endless</i> night, <i>eternal</i> death; <i>immortal</i> applies to that +which now has life, and is forever exempt from death. <i>Timeless</i> +carries, perhaps, the fullest idea of <i>eternal</i>, as above and beyond +time, and not to be measured by it.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EVENT" id="EVENT"></a>EVENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>case,</td><td>contingency,</td><td>fortune,</td><td>outcome,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chance,</td><td>end,</td><td>incident,</td><td>possibility,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circumstance,</td><td>episode,</td><td>issue,</td><td>result,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consequence,</td><td>fact,</td><td>occurrence,</td><td>sequel.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Etymologically, the <i>incident</i> is that which falls in, the <i>event</i> +that which comes out; <i>event</i> is thus greater and more signal than +<i>incident</i>; we speak of trifling <i>incidents</i>, great <i>events</i>; <i>incidents</i> +of daily life, <i>events</i> of history. <i>Circumstance</i> agrees with <i>incident</i> +in denoting a matter of relatively slight importance, but implies +a more direct connection with the principal matter; "circumstantial +evidence" is evidence from seemingly minor matters +directly connected with a case; "incidental evidence" would be +some evidence that happened unexpectedly to touch it. An <i>occurrence</i> +is, etymologically, that which we run against, without +thought of its origin, connection or tendency. An <i>episode</i> is connected +with the main course of <i>events</i>, like an <i>incident</i> or <i>circumstance</i>, +but is of more independent interest and importance. <i>Outcome</i> +is the Saxon, and <i>event</i> the Latin for expressing the same +original idea. <i>Consequence</i> or <i>result</i> would express more of logical +connection, and be more comprehensive. The <i>end</i> may be +simple cessation; the <i>event</i> is what has been accomplished; the +<i>event</i> of a war is victory or defeat; the <i>end</i> of the war is reached +when a treaty of peace is signed. Since the future is contingent, +<i>event</i> comes to have the meaning of a <i>contingency</i>; as, in the <i>event</i> +of his death, the policy will at once fall due. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CIRCUMSTANCE">CIRCUMSTANCE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CONSEQUENCE">CONSEQUENCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#END_n">END</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EVERY" id="EVERY"></a>EVERY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>all,</td><td>any,</td><td>both,</td><td>each,</td><td>either.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>All</i> and <i>both</i> are collective; <i>any</i>, <i>each</i>, and <i>every</i> are distributive.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +<i>Any</i> makes no selection and may not reach to the full limits +of <i>all</i>; <i>each</i> and <i>every</i> make no exception or omission, and must +extend to <i>all</i>; <i>all</i> sweeps in the units as part of a total, <i>each</i> and +<i>every</i> proceed through the units to the total. A promise made to +<i>all</i> omits none; a promise made to <i>any</i> may not reach <i>all</i>; a +promise made to <i>every</i> one is so made that no individual shall fail +to be aware of it; a promise made to <i>each</i> is made to the individuals +personally, one by one. <i>Each</i> is thus more individual and +specific than <i>every</i>; <i>every</i> classifies, <i>each</i> individualizes. <i>Each</i> +divides, <i>both</i> unites; if a certain sum is given to <i>each</i> of two persons, +<i>both</i> (together) must receive twice the amount; <i>both</i> must +be aware of what has been separately communicated to <i>each</i>; a +man may fire <i>both</i> barrels of a gun by a single movement; if he +fires <i>each</i> barrel, he discharges them separately. <i>Either</i> properly +denotes one of two, indefinitely, to the exclusion of the other. +The use of <i>either</i> in the sense of <i>each</i> or <i>both</i>, tho sustained by +good authority, is objectionable because ambiguous. His friends +sat on <i>either</i> side of the room would naturally mean on one side +or the other; if the meaning is on <i>both</i> sides, it would be better to +say so.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EVIDENT" id="EVIDENT"></a>EVIDENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apparent,</td><td>glaring,</td><td>overt,</td><td>tangible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>indubitable,</td><td>palpable,</td><td>transparent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conspicuous,</td><td>manifest,</td><td>patent,</td><td>unmistakable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discernible,</td><td>obvious,</td><td>perceptible,</td><td>visible.</td></tr> +<tr><td>distinct,</td><td>open,</td><td colspan="2">plain,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>apparent</i> which clearly appears to the senses or to the +mind as soon as the attention is directed toward it; that is <i>evident</i> +of which the mind is made sure by some inference that supplements +the facts of perception; the marks of a struggle were <i>apparent</i> +in broken shrubbery and trampled ground, and the finding of +a mutilated body and a rifled purse made it <i>evident</i> that robbery +and murder had been committed. That is <i>manifest</i> which we can +lay the hand upon; <i>manifest</i> is thus stronger than <i>evident</i>, as +touch is more absolute than sight; that the picture was a modern +copy of an ancient work was <i>evident</i>, and on comparison with the +original its inferiority was <i>manifest</i>. That is <i>obvious</i> which is +directly in the way so that it can not be missed; as, the application +of the remark was <i>obvious</i>. <i>Visible</i> applies to all that can be +perceived by the sense of sight, whether the noonday sun, a ship +on the horizon, or a microscopic object. <i>Discernible</i> applies to<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +that which is dimly or faintly <i>visible</i>, requiring strain and effort in +order to be seen; as, the ship was <i>discernible</i> through the mist. +That is <i>conspicuous</i> which stands out so as necessarily or strikingly +to attract the attention. <i>Palpable</i> and <i>tangible</i> express more +emphatically the thought of <i>manifest</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>concealed,</td><td>impalpable,</td><td>latent,</td><td>secret,</td><td>unknown,</td></tr> +<tr><td>covert,</td><td>impenetrable,</td><td>obscure,</td><td>undiscovered,</td><td>unseen,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dark,</td><td>imperceptible,</td><td>occult,</td><td>unimagined,</td><td>unthought-of.</td></tr> +<tr><td>hidden,</td><td colspan="4">invisible,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EXAMPLE" id="EXAMPLE"></a>EXAMPLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>archetype,</td><td>ideal,</td><td>prototype,</td><td>type,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ensample,</td><td>model,</td><td>sample,</td><td rowspan="3">warning.</td></tr> +<tr><td>exemplar,</td><td>pattern,</td><td>specimen,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exemplification,</td><td>precedent,</td><td>standard,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>From its original sense of <i>sample</i> or <i>specimen</i> (L. <i>exemplum</i>) +<i>example</i> derives the seemingly contradictory meanings, on the one +hand of a <i>pattern</i> or <i>model</i>, and on the other hand of a <i>warning</i>—a +<i>sample</i> or <i>specimen</i> of what is to be followed, or of what is to +be shunned. An <i>example</i>, however, may be more than a <i>sample</i> +or <i>specimen</i> of any class; it may be the very <i>archetype</i> or <i>prototype</i> +to which the whole class must conform, as when Christ is +spoken of as being an <i>example</i> or leaving an <i>example</i> for his disciples. +<i>Example</i> comes nearer to the possible freedom of the +<i>model</i> than to the necessary exactness of the <i>pattern</i>; often we +can not, in a given case, exactly imitate the best <i>example</i>, but +only adapt its teachings to altered circumstances. In its application +to a person or thing, <i>exemplar</i> can scarcely be distinguished +from <i>example</i>; but <i>example</i> is most frequently used for an act, or +course of action, for which <i>exemplar</i> is not used; as, one sets a +good (or a bad) <i>example</i>. An <i>exemplification</i> is an illustrative +working out in action of a principle or law, without any reference +to its being copied or repeated; an <i>example</i> guides, an <i>exemplification</i> +illustrates or explains. <i>Ensample</i> is the same as <i>example</i>, +but is practically obsolete outside of Scriptural or theological language. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MODEL">MODEL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SAMPLE">SAMPLE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EXCESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dissipation,</td><td>lavishness,</td><td>redundance,</td><td>surplus,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exorbitance,</td><td>overplus,</td><td>redundancy,</td><td>waste,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extravagance,</td><td>prodigality,</td><td>superabundance,</td><td>wastefulness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>intemperance,</td><td>profusion,</td><td colspan="2">superfluity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Excess</i> is more than enough of anything, and, since this in<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +very many cases indicates a lack either of judgment or of self-control, +the word is used frequently in an unfavorable sense. +Careless expenditure in <i>excess</i> of income is <i>extravagance</i>; we +may have also <i>extravagance</i> of language, professions, etc. As +<i>extravagance</i> is <i>excess</i> in outlay, <i>exorbitance</i> is <i>excess</i> in demands, +and especially in pecuniary demands upon others. <i>Overplus</i> and +<i>superabundance</i> denote in the main a satisfactory, and <i>superfluity</i> +an undesirable, <i>excess</i>; <i>lavishness</i> and <i>profusion</i>, a generous, +bountiful, or amiable <i>excess</i>; as, a <i>profusion</i> of fair hair; <i>lavishness</i> +of hospitality. <i>Surplus</i> is neutral, having none of the unfavorable +meaning that often attaches to <i>excess</i>; a <i>surplus</i> is that +which remains over after all demands are met. <i>Redundance</i> or +<i>redundancy</i> refers chiefly to literary style, denoting an <i>excess</i> of +words or matter. <i>Excess</i> in the moral sense is expressed by <i>dissipation</i>, +<i>prodigality</i>, <i>intemperance</i>, etc.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dearth,</td><td>destitution,</td><td>frugality,</td><td>lack,</td><td>scantiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defect,</td><td>economy,</td><td>inadequacy,</td><td>need,</td><td>shortcoming,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deficiency,</td><td>failure,</td><td>insufficiency,</td><td>poverty,</td><td>want.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EXECUTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>administer,</td><td>carry out,</td><td>do,</td><td>enforce,</td><td>perform.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>execute</i> is to follow through to the end, put into absolute +and final effect in action; to <i>administer</i> is to conduct as one holding +a trust, as a minister and not an originator; the sheriff +<i>executes</i> a writ; the trustee <i>administers</i> an estate, a charity, etc.; +to <i>enforce</i> is to put into effect by force, actual or potential. To +<i>administer</i> the laws is the province of a court of justice; to <i>execute</i> +the laws is the province of a sheriff, marshal, constable, or +other executive officer; to <i>administer</i> the law is to declare or +apply it; to <i>execute</i> the law is to put it in force; for this <i>enforce</i> +is the more general word, <i>execute</i> the more specific. From signifying +to superintend officially some application or infliction, <i>administer</i> +passes by a natural transition to signify <i>inflict</i>, <i>mete out</i>, +<i>dispense</i>, and blows, medicine, etc., are said to be <i>administered</i>: +a usage thoroughly established and reputable in spite of pedantic +objections. <i>Enforce</i> signifies also to present and urge home by +intellectual and moral force; as, to <i>enforce</i> a precept or a duty. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KILL">KILL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MAKE">MAKE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span></p> + +<h3>EXERCISE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>act,</td><td>application,</td><td>exertion,</td><td>performance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>drill,</td><td>occupation,</td><td>practise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>activity,</td><td>employment,</td><td>operation,</td><td>use.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Exercise</i>, in the ordinary sense, is the easy natural action of +any power; <i>exertion</i> is the putting of any power to strain and +tax. An <i>exercise</i>-drive for a horse is so much as will develop +strength and health and not appreciably weary. But by qualifying +adjectives we may bring <i>exercise</i> up to the full sense of <i>exertion</i>; +as, violent <i>exercise</i>. <i>Exercise</i> is action taken at any time +with a view to employing, maintaining, or increasing power, or +merely for enjoyment; <i>practise</i> is systematic <i>exercise</i> with a view +to the acquirement of facility and skill in some pursuit; a person +takes a walk for <i>exercise</i>, or takes time for <i>practise</i> on the piano. +<i>Practise</i> is also used of putting into action and effect what one +has learned or holds as a theory; as, the <i>practise</i> of law or medicine; +a profession of religion is good, but the <i>practise</i> of it is better. +<i>Drill</i> is systematic, rigorous, and commonly enforced <i>practise</i> +under a teacher or commander. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HABIT">HABIT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>idleness,</td><td>inaction,</td><td>inactivity,</td><td>relaxation,</td><td>rest.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EXPENSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cost,</td><td>expenditure,</td><td>outgo,</td><td>outlay.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>cost</i> of a thing is whatever one surrenders or gives up for +it, intentionally or unintentionally, or even unconsciously; <i>expense</i> +is what is laid out by calculation or intention. We say, +"he won his fame at the <i>cost</i> of his life;" "I know it to my <i>cost</i>;" +we speak of a joke at another's <i>expense</i>; at another's <i>cost</i> would +seem to make it a more serious matter. There is a tendency to +use <i>cost</i> of what we pay for a possession, <i>expense</i> of what we pay +for a service; we speak of the <i>cost</i> of goods, the <i>expense</i> of making +up. <i>Outlay</i> is used of some definite <i>expenditure</i>, as for the +purchase of supplies; <i>outgo</i> of a steady drain or of incidental <i>expenses</i>. +See <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRICE">PRICE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>gain,</td><td>proceeds,</td><td>profit,</td><td>receipt,</td><td>return,</td></tr> +<tr><td>income,</td><td>product,</td><td>profits,</td><td>receipts,</td><td>returns.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EXPLICIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>express.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Both <i>explicit</i> and <i>express</i> are opposed to what is merely implicit<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +or implied. That which is <i>explicit</i> is unfolded, so that it +may not be obscure, doubtful, or ambiguous; that which is <i>express</i> +is uttered or stated so decidedly that it may not be forgotten +nor overlooked. An <i>explicit</i> statement is too clear to be misunderstood; +an <i>express</i> command is too emphatic to be disregarded. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEAR">CLEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ambiguous,</td><td>implicit,</td><td>indefinite,</td><td>uncertain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>doubtful,</td><td>implied,</td><td>indeterminate,</td><td>vague.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>EXTEMPORANEOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>extemporary,</td><td>impromptu,</td><td>offhand,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extempore,</td><td>improvised,</td><td>unpremeditated.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Extemporaneous</i>, originally signifying <i>of</i> or <i>from the time</i> or +<i>occasion</i>, has come to mean done or made with but little (if any) +preparation, and is now chiefly applied to addresses of which the +thought has been prepared, and only the language and incidental +treatment left to the suggestion of the moment, so that an <i>extemporaneous</i> +speech is understood to be any one that is not read +or recited; <i>impromptu</i> keeps its original sense, denoting something +that springs from the instant; the <i>impromptu</i> utterance is generally +brief, direct, and vigorous; the <i>extemporaneous</i> speech +may chance to be prosy. <i>Offhand</i> is still more emphatic as to +the readiness and freedom of the utterance. <i>Unpremeditated</i> is +graver and more formal, denoting absolute want of preparation, +but is rather too heavy a word to be applied to such apt, ready +utterance as is generally designated by <i>impromptu</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>elaborated,</td><td>premeditated,</td><td>prepared,</td><td>read,</td><td>recited,</td><td>studied,</td><td>written.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="EXTERMINATE" id="EXTERMINATE"></a>EXTERMINATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annihilate,</td><td>eradicate,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>uproot,</td></tr> +<tr><td>banish,</td><td>expel,</td><td>remove,</td><td>wipe out.</td></tr> +<tr><td>destroy,</td><td>extirpate,</td><td colspan="2">root out,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Exterminate</i> (L. <i>ex</i>, out, and <i>terminus</i>, a boundary) signified +primarily to drive beyond the bounds or limits of a country; the +word is applied to races of men or animals, and is now almost exclusively +used for removal by death; individuals are now said to +be <i>banished</i> or <i>expelled</i>. <i>Eradicate</i> (L. <i>e</i>, out, and <i>radix</i>, root) is +primarily applied to numbers or groups of plants which it is desired +to remove effectually from the soil; a single tree may be <i>uprooted</i>, +but is not said to be <i>eradicated</i>; we labor to <i>eradicate</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> +or <i>root out</i> noxious weeds. To <i>extirpate</i> (L. <i>ex</i>, out, and <i>stirps</i>, +stem, stock) is not only to <i>destroy</i> the individuals of any race of +plants or animals, but the very stock, so that the race can never +be restored; we speak of <i>eradicating</i> a disease, of <i>extirpating</i> a +cancer, <i>exterminating</i> wild beasts or hostile tribes; we seek to +<i>eradicate</i> or <i>extirpate</i> all vices and evils. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>augment,</td><td>breed,</td><td>cherish,</td><td>develop,</td><td>increase,</td><td>populate,</td><td>replenish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beget,</td><td>build up,</td><td>colonize,</td><td>foster,</td><td>plant,</td><td>propagate,</td><td>settle.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FAINT" id="FAINT"></a>FAINT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dim,</td><td>fatigued,</td><td>irresolute,</td><td>weak,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exhausted,</td><td>feeble,</td><td>languid,</td><td>wearied,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faded,</td><td>half-hearted,</td><td>listless,</td><td>worn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faint-hearted,</td><td>ill-defined,</td><td>purposeless,</td><td>worn down,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faltering,</td><td>indistinct,</td><td>timid,</td><td>worn out.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Faint</i>, with the general sense of lacking strength or effectiveness, +covers a wide range of meaning, signifying overcome with +physical weakness or exhaustion, or lacking in purpose, courage, +or energy, as said of persons; or lacking definiteness or distinctness +of color or sound, as said of written characters, voices, or +musical notes. A person may be <i>faint</i> when physically <i>wearied</i>, +or when overcome with fear; he may be a <i>faint</i> adherent because +naturally <i>feeble</i> or <i>purposeless</i>, or because <i>half-hearted</i> in the +cause; he may be a <i>faltering</i> supporter because naturally <i>irresolute</i> +or because <i>faint-hearted</i> and <i>timid</i> in view of perils that +threaten, a <i>listless</i> worker, through want of mental energy and +purpose. Written characters may be <i>faint</i> or <i>dim</i>, either because +originally written with poor ink, or because they have become +<i>faded</i> by time and exposure.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bright,</td><td>clear,</td><td>daring,</td><td>fresh,</td><td>resolute,</td><td>sturdy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brilliant,</td><td>conspicuous,</td><td>energetic,</td><td>hearty,</td><td>strong,</td><td>vigorous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Faint <i>with</i> hunger; faint <i>in</i> color.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FAITH" id="FAITH"></a>FAITH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assent,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>credit,</td><td>opinion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>conviction,</td><td>creed,</td><td>reliance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>belief,</td><td>credence,</td><td>doctrine,</td><td>trust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Belief</i>, as an intellectual process, is the acceptance of some<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +thing as true on other grounds than personal observation and experience. +We give <i>credence</i> to a report, <i>assent</i> to a proposition or +to a proposal. <i>Belief</i> is stronger than <i>credence</i>; <i>credence</i> might be +described as a prima facie <i>belief</i>; <i>credence</i> is a more formal word +than <i>belief</i>, and seems to imply somewhat more of volition; we +speak of giving <i>credence</i> to a report, but not of giving <i>belief</i>. +Goods are sold on <i>credit</i>; we give one <i>credit</i> for good intentions. +<i>Conviction</i> is a <i>belief</i> established by argument or evidence; <i>assurance</i> +is <i>belief</i> beyond the reach of argument; as, the Christian's +<i>assurance</i> of salvation. An <i>opinion</i> is a general conclusion held +as probable, tho without full certainty; a <i>persuasion</i> is a more +confident <i>opinion</i>, involving the heart as well as the intellect. In +religion, a <i>doctrine</i> is a statement of <i>belief</i> regarding a single +point; a <i>creed</i> is a summary statement of <i>doctrines</i>. <i>Confidence</i> +is a firm dependence upon a statement as true, or upon a person as +worthy. <i>Reliance</i> is <i>confidence</i> on which we act or are ready to act +unquestioningly; we have a calm <i>reliance</i> upon the uniformity of +nature. <i>Trust</i> is a practical and tranquil resting of the mind upon +the integrity, kindness, friendship, or promises of a person; we +have <i>trust</i> in God. <i>Faith</i> is a union of <i>belief</i> and <i>trust</i>. <i>Faith</i> +is chiefly personal; <i>belief</i> may be quite impersonal; we speak of +<i>belief</i> of a proposition, <i>faith</i> in a promise, because the promise emanates +from a person. But <i>belief</i> in a person is often used with +no appreciable difference from <i>faith</i>. In religion it is common to +distinguish between intellectual <i>belief</i> of religious truth, as any +other truth might be believed, and <i>belief</i> of the heart, or saving +<i>faith</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>denial,</td><td>dissent,</td><td>doubt,</td><td>infidelity,</td><td>rejection,</td><td>suspicion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disbelief,</td><td>distrust,</td><td>incredulity,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>skepticism,</td><td>unbelief.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Have faith <i>in</i> God; the faith <i>of</i> the gospel.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FAITHFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>devoted,</td><td>incorruptible,</td><td>stanch,</td><td>true,</td><td>trusty,</td></tr> +<tr><td>firm,</td><td>loyal,</td><td>sure,</td><td>trustworthy,</td><td>unwavering.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person is <i>faithful</i> who will keep faith, whether with or without +power to aid or serve; a person or thing is <i>trusty</i> that possesses +such qualities as to justify the fullest confidence and dependence.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +We may speak of a <i>faithful</i> but feeble friend; we say +a <i>trusty</i> agent, a <i>trusty</i> steed, a <i>trusty</i> sword.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>capricious,</td><td>false,</td><td>unfaithful,</td><td>untrustworthy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faithless,</td><td>fickle,</td><td>untrue,</td><td>wavering.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Faithful <i>in</i> service; <i>to</i> duty; <i>to</i> comrade or commander; +faithful <i>among</i> the faithless.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FAME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>celebrity,</td><td>eminence,</td><td>honor,</td><td>notoriety,</td><td>reputation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>credit,</td><td>glory,</td><td>laurels,</td><td>renown,</td><td>repute.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">distinction,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fame</i> is the widely disseminated report of a person's character, +deeds, or abilities, and is oftenest used in the favorable sense. +<i>Reputation</i> and <i>repute</i> are more limited than <i>fame</i>, and may be +either good or bad. <i>Notoriety</i> is evil <i>repute</i> or a dishonorable +counterfeit of <i>fame</i>. <i>Eminence</i> and <i>distinction</i> may result from +rank, station, or character. <i>Celebrity</i> is limited in range; we +speak of local <i>celebrity</i>, or world-wide <i>fame</i>. <i>Fame</i> in its best +sense may be defined as the applause of numbers; <i>renown</i>, as such +applause worthily won; we speak of the conqueror's <i>fame</i>, the +patriot's <i>renown</i>. <i>Glory</i> and <i>honor</i> are of good import; <i>honor</i> +may be given for qualities or acts that should not win it, but it is +always given as something good and worthy; we can speak of an +evil <i>fame</i>, but not of evil <i>honor</i>; <i>glory</i> has a more exalted and +often a sacred sense.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contempt,</td><td>discredit,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>humiliation,</td><td>infamy,</td><td>obscurity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contumely,</td><td>disgrace,</td><td>disrepute,</td><td>ignominy,</td><td>oblivion,</td><td>shame.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FANATICISM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bigotry,</td><td>credulity,</td><td>intolerance,</td><td>superstition.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fanaticism</i> is extravagant or even frenzied zeal; <i>bigotry</i> is +obstinate and unreasoning attachment to a cause or creed; <i>fanaticism</i> +and <i>bigotry</i> usually include <i>intolerance</i>, which is unwillingness +to tolerate beliefs or opinions contrary to one's own; <i>superstition</i> +is ignorant and irrational religious belief. <i>Credulity</i> is not +distinctively religious, but is a general readiness to believe without +sufficient evidence, with a proneness to accept the marvellous. +<i>Bigotry</i> is narrow, <i>fanaticism</i> is fierce, <i>superstition</i> is ignorant, +<i>credulity</i> is weak, <i>intolerance</i> is severe. <i>Bigotry</i> has not the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +capacity to reason fairly, <i>fanaticism</i> has not the patience, <i>superstition</i> +has not the knowledge and mental discipline, <i>intolerance</i> +has not the disposition. <i>Bigotry</i>, <i>fanaticism</i>, and <i>superstition</i> +are perversions of the religious sentiment; <i>credulity</i> and <i>intolerance</i> +often accompany skepticism or atheism.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cynicism,</td><td>free-thinking,</td><td>indifference,</td><td>latitudinarianism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FANCIFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chimerical,</td><td>fantastic,</td><td>grotesque,</td><td>imaginative,</td><td>visionary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>fanciful</i> which is dictated or suggested by fancy independently +of more serious considerations; the <i>fantastic</i> is the <i>fanciful</i> +with the added elements of whimsicalness and extravagance. +The <i>fanciful</i> swings away from the real or the ordinary lightly +and pleasantly, the <i>fantastic</i> extravagantly, the <i>grotesque</i> ridiculously. +A <i>fanciful</i> arrangement of objects is commonly pleasing, +a <i>fantastic</i> arrangement is striking, a <i>grotesque</i> arrangement +is laughable. A <i>fanciful</i> theory or suggestion may be clearly +recognized as such; a <i>visionary</i> scheme is erroneously supposed +to have a basis in fact. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DREAM">DREAM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#IMAGINATION">IMAGINATION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accurate,</td><td>commonplace,</td><td>prosaic,</td><td>regular,</td><td>sound,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calculable,</td><td>literal,</td><td>real,</td><td>sensible,</td><td>sure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calculated,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>reasonable,</td><td>solid,</td><td>true.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FANCY" id="FANCY"></a>FANCY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>belief,</td><td>desire,</td><td>imagination,</td><td>predilection,</td></tr> +<tr><td>caprice,</td><td>humor,</td><td>inclination,</td><td>supposition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceit,</td><td>idea,</td><td>liking,</td><td>vagary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conception,</td><td>image,</td><td>mood,</td><td>whim.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An intellectual <i>fancy</i> is a mental <i>image</i> or picture founded +upon slight or whimsical association or resemblance; a <i>conceit</i> +has less of the picturesque and more of the theoretic than a <i>fancy</i>; +a <i>conceit</i> is somewhat aside from the common laws of reasoning, +as a <i>fancy</i> is lighter and more airy than the common mode of +thought. A <i>conceit</i> or <i>fancy</i> may be wholly unfounded, while a +<i>conception</i> always has, or is believed to have, some answering reality. +(Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#REASON_n">REASON</a></span>.) An intellectual <i>fancy</i> or <i>conceit</i> may +be pleasing or amusing, but is never worth serious discussion; we +speak of a mere <i>fancy</i>, a droll or odd <i>conceit</i>. An emotional or +personal <i>fancy</i> is a capricious <i>liking</i> formed with slight reason and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +no exercise of judgment, and liable to fade as lightly as it was +formed. In a broader sense, the <i>fancy</i> signifies the faculty by +which <i>fancies</i> or mental images are formed, associated, or combined. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DREAM">DREAM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMAGINATION">IMAGINATION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actuality,</td><td>certainty,</td><td>fact,</td><td>reality,</td><td>truth,</td><td>verity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To have a fancy <i>for</i> or take a fancy <i>to</i> a person or thing.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FAREWELL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adieu,</td><td>good-by,</td><td>parting salutation,</td><td>valedictory.</td></tr> +<tr><td>congé,</td><td>leave-taking,</td><td colspan="2">valediction,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Good-by</i> is the homely and hearty, <i>farewell</i> the formal English +word at parting. <i>Adieu</i>, from the French, is still more ceremonious +than <i>farewell</i>; <i>congé</i>, also from the French, is commonly +contemptuous or supercilious, and equivalent to dismissal. <i>Valediction</i> +is a learned word never in popular use. A <i>valedictory</i> is +a public farewell to a company or assembly.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>I bade farewell <i>to</i> my comrades, or (without preposition) I bade +my comrades farewell; I took a sad farewell <i>of</i> my friends.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FEAR" id="FEAR"></a>FEAR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affright,</td><td>dismay,</td><td>horror,</td><td>timidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>disquietude,</td><td>misgiving,</td><td>trembling,</td></tr> +<tr><td>awe,</td><td>dread,</td><td>panic,</td><td>tremor,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consternation,</td><td>fright,</td><td>terror,</td><td>trepidation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fear</i> is the generic term denoting an emotion excited by threatening +evil with a desire to avoid or escape it; <i>fear</i> may be sudden +or lingering, in view of present, of imminent, or of distant and +only possible danger; in the latter sense <i>dread</i> is oftener used. +<i>Horror</i> (etymologically a shivering or shuddering) denotes a +shuddering <i>fear</i> accompanied with abhorrence or such a shock to +the feelings and sensibilities as may exist without <i>fear</i>, as when +one suddenly encounters some ghastly spectacle; we say of a desperate +but fettered criminal, "I looked upon him with <i>horror</i>." +Where <i>horror</i> includes <i>fear</i>, it is <i>fear</i> mingled with abhorrence. +(See <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABHOR">ABHOR</a></span>.) <i>Affright</i>, <i>fright</i>, and <i>terror</i> are always sudden, and +in actual presence of that which is terrible. <i>Fear</i> may overwhelm, +or may nerve one to desperate defense; <i>fright</i> and <i>terror</i> render +one incapable of defense; <i>fear</i> may be controlled by force of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> +will; <i>fright</i> and <i>terror</i> overwhelm the will; <i>terror</i> paralyzes, +<i>fright</i> may cause one to fly, to scream, or to swoon. <i>Fright</i> +is largely a matter of the nerves; <i>fear</i> of the intellect and the +imagination; <i>terror</i> of all the faculties, bodily and mental. <i>Panic</i> +is a sudden <i>fear</i> or <i>fright</i>, affecting numbers at once; vast armies +or crowded audiences are liable to <i>panic</i> upon slight occasion. In +a like sense we speak of a financial <i>panic</i>. <i>Dismay</i> is a helpless +sinking of heart in view of some overwhelming peril or sorrow. +<i>Dismay</i> is more reflective, enduring, and despairing than <i>fright</i>; +a horse is subject to <i>fright</i> or <i>terror</i>, but not to <i>dismay</i>. <i>Awe</i> is +a reverential <i>fear</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALARM">ALARM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#FORTITUDE">FORTITUDE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FEMININE" id="FEMININE"></a>FEMININE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>effeminate,</td><td>female,</td><td>womanish,</td><td>womanly.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We apply <i>female</i> to the sex, <i>feminine</i> to the qualities, especially +the finer physical or mental qualities that distinguish the <i>female</i> +sex in the human family, or to the objects appropriate for or especially +employed by them. A <i>female</i> voice is the voice of a woman; +a <i>feminine</i> voice may belong to a man. <i>Womanish</i> denotes +the undesirable, <i>womanly</i> the admirable or lovely qualities of woman. +<i>Womanly</i> tears would suggest respect and sympathy, <i>womanish</i> +tears a touch of contempt. The word <i>effeminate</i> is always +used reproachfully, and only of men as possessing <i>womanly</i> traits +such as are inconsistent with true manliness.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#MASCULINE">MASCULINE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FETTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bondage,</td><td>custody,</td><td>gyves,</td><td>irons,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bonds,</td><td>durance,</td><td>handcuffs,</td><td>manacles,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chains,</td><td>duress,</td><td>imprisonment,</td><td>shackles.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bonds</i> may be of cord, leather, or any other substance that can +bind; <i>chains</i> are of linked metal. <i>Manacles</i> and <i>handcuffs</i> are for +the hands, <i>fetters</i> are primarily chains or jointed iron fastenings +for the feet; <i>gyves</i> may be for either. A <i>shackle</i> is a metallic ring, +clasp, or bracelet-like fastening for encircling and restraining a +limb: commonly one of a pair, used either for hands or feet. +<i>Bonds</i>, <i>fetters</i>, and <i>chains</i> are used in a general way for almost<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +any form of restraint. <i>Gyves</i> is now wholly poetic, and the other +words are mostly restricted to the literary style; <i>handcuffs</i> is the +specific and <i>irons</i> the general term in popular usage; as, the prisoner +was put in <i>irons</i>. <i>Bonds</i>, <i>chains</i>, and <i>shackles</i> are frequently +used in the metaphorical sense.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FEUD" id="FEUD"></a>FEUD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affray,</td><td>brawl,</td><td>contest,</td><td>dissension,</td><td>hostility,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animosity,</td><td>broil,</td><td>controversy,</td><td>enmity,</td><td>quarrel,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bitterness,</td><td>contention,</td><td>dispute,</td><td>fray,</td><td>strife.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>feud</i> is <i>enmity</i> between families, clans, or parties, with acts +of <i>hostility</i> mutually retaliated and avenged; <i>feud</i> is rarely used +of individuals, never of nations. While all the other words of the +group may refer to that which is transient, a <i>feud</i> is long-enduring, +and often hereditary. <i>Dissension</i> is used of a number of persons, +of a party or other organization. <i>Bitterness</i> is in feeling +only; <i>enmity</i> and <i>hostility</i> involve will and purpose to oppose or +injure. A <i>quarrel</i> is in word or act, or both, and is commonly +slight and transient, as we speak of childish <i>quarrels</i>; <i>contention</i> +and <i>strife</i> may be in word or deed; <i>contest</i> ordinarily involves +some form of action. <i>Contest</i> is often used in a good sense, <i>contention</i> +and <i>strife</i> very rarely so. <i>Controversy</i> is commonly in +words; <i>strife</i> extends from verbal <i>controversy</i> to the <i>contests</i> of +armies. <i>Affray</i>, <i>brawl</i>, and <i>broil</i>, like <i>quarrel</i>, are words of inferior +dignity. An <i>affray</i> or <i>broil</i> may arise at a street corner; the +<i>affray</i> always involves physical force; the <i>brawl</i> or <i>broil</i> may be +confined to violent language.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FICTION" id="FICTION"></a>FICTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allegory,</td><td>fabrication,</td><td>invention,</td><td>myth,</td><td>romance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apologue,</td><td>falsehood,</td><td>legend,</td><td>novel,</td><td>story.</td></tr> +<tr><td>fable,</td><td colspan="4">figment,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fiction</i> is now chiefly used of a prose work in narrative form +in which the characters are partly or wholly imaginary, and +which is designed to portray human life, with or without a practical +lesson; a <i>romance</i> portrays what is picturesque or striking, +as a mere <i>fiction</i> may not do; <i>novel</i> is a general name for any continuous +fictitious narrative, especially a love-story; <i>fiction</i> and +<i>novel</i> are used with little difference of meaning, except that <i>novel</i> +characterizes a work in which the emotional element is especially<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> +prominent. The moral of the <i>fable</i> is expressed formally; the +lesson of the <i>fiction</i>, if any, is inwrought. A <i>fiction</i> is studied; a +<i>myth</i> grows up without intent. A <i>legend</i> may be true, but can +not be historically verified; a <i>myth</i> has been received as true at +some time, but is now known to be false. A <i>fabrication</i> is designed +to deceive; it is a less odious word than <i>falsehood</i>, but is +really stronger, as a <i>falsehood</i> may be a sudden unpremeditated +statement, while a <i>fabrication</i> is a series of statements carefully +studied and fitted together in order to deceive; the <i>falsehood</i> is all +false; the <i>fabrication</i> may mingle the true with the false. A <i>figment</i> +is something imaginary which the one who utters it may or +may not believe to be true; we say, "That statement is a <i>figment</i> +of his imagination." The <i>story</i> may be either true or false, and +covers the various senses of all the words in the group. <i>Apologue</i>, +a word simply transferred from Greek into English, is the same +as <i>fable</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEGORY">ALLEGORY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>fact,</td><td>history,</td><td>literalness,</td><td>reality,</td><td>truth,</td><td>verity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FIERCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ferocious,</td><td>furious,</td><td>raging,</td><td>uncultivated,</td><td>violent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fiery,</td><td>impetuous,</td><td>savage,</td><td>untrained,</td><td>wild.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fierce</i> signifies having a <i>furious</i> and cruel nature, or being in +a <i>furious</i> and cruel mood, more commonly the latter. It applies +to that which is now intensely excited, or liable to intense and +sudden excitement. <i>Ferocious</i> refers to a state or disposition; that +which is <i>fierce</i> flashes or blazes; that which is <i>ferocious</i> steadily +burns; we speak of a <i>ferocious</i> animal, a <i>fierce</i> passion. A <i>fiery</i> +spirit with a good disposition is quickly excitable in a good cause, +but may not be <i>fierce</i> or <i>ferocious</i>. <i>Savage</i> signifies <i>untrained</i>, <i>uncultivated</i>. +<i>Ferocious</i> always denotes a tendency to violence; it +is more distinctly bloodthirsty than the other words; a person +may be deeply, intensely cruel, and not at all <i>ferocious</i>; a <i>ferocious</i> +countenance expresses habitual ferocity; a <i>fierce</i> countenance +may express habitual fierceness, or only the sudden anger of the +moment. That which is <i>wild</i> is simply unrestrained; the word +may imply no anger or harshness; as, <i>wild</i> delight, <i>wild</i> alarm.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affectionate,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>kind,</td><td>patient,</td><td>submissive,</td><td>tame,</td></tr> +<tr><td>docile,</td><td>harmless,</td><td>mild,</td><td>peaceful,</td><td>sweet,</td><td>tender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span></p> + +<h3>FINANCIAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fiscal,</td><td>monetary,</td><td>pecuniary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>These words all relate to money, receipts, or expenditures. +<i>Monetary</i> relates to actual money, coin, currency; as, the <i>monetary</i> +system; a <i>monetary</i> transaction is one in which money is +transferred. <i>Pecuniary</i> refers to that in which money is involved, +but less directly; we speak of one's <i>pecuniary</i> affairs or +interests, with no special reference to the handling of cash. <i>Financial</i> +applies especially to governmental revenues or expenditures, +or to private transactions of considerable moment; we +speak of a <i>pecuniary</i> reward, a <i>financial</i> enterprise; we give a +needy person <i>pecuniary</i> (not <i>financial</i>) assistance. It is common +to speak of the <i>fiscal</i> rather than the <i>financial</i> year.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FINE" id="FINE"></a>FINE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beautiful,</td><td>excellent,</td><td>polished,</td><td>small,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clarified,</td><td>exquisite,</td><td>pure,</td><td>smooth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>gauzy,</td><td>refined,</td><td>splendid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comminuted,</td><td>handsome,</td><td>sensitive,</td><td>subtile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dainty,</td><td>keen,</td><td>sharp,</td><td>subtle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delicate,</td><td>minute,</td><td>slender,</td><td>tenuous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>elegant,</td><td>nice,</td><td>slight,</td><td>thin.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fine</i> (L. <i>finis</i>, end) denotes that which has been brought to a +full end, finished. From this root-sense many derived meanings +branch out, causing words quite remote from each other to be +alike synonyms of <i>fine</i>. That which is truly finished, brought to +an ideal end, is <i>excellent</i> of its kind, and <i>beautiful</i>, if a thing that +admits of beauty; as, a <i>fine</i> house, <i>fine</i> trees, a <i>fine</i> woman, a <i>fine</i> +morning; if a thing that admits of the removal of impurities, it +is not finished till these are removed, and hence <i>fine</i> signifies <i>clarified</i>, +<i>clear</i>, <i>pure</i>, <i>refined</i>; as, <i>fine</i> gold. That which is finished +is apt to be <i>polished</i>, smooth to the touch, minutely exact in outline; +hence <i>fine</i> comes to be a synonym for all words like <i>dainty</i>, +<i>delicate</i>, <i>exquisite</i>; as, <i>fine</i> manners, a <i>fine</i> touch, <i>fine</i> perceptions. +As that which is <i>delicate</i> is apt to be small, by an easy extension +of meaning <i>fine</i> becomes a synonym for <i>slender</i>, <i>slight</i>, +<i>minute</i>, <i>comminuted</i>; as, a <i>fine</i> thread, <i>fine</i> sand; or for <i>filmy</i>, +<i>tenuous</i>, <i>thin</i>; as, a <i>fine</i> lace, <i>fine</i> wire; and as a <i>thin</i> edge is <i>keen</i>, +<i>sharp</i>, <i>fine</i> becomes also a synonym for these words; as, a <i>fine</i> +point, a <i>fine</i> edge. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MINUTE">MINUTE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>big,</td><td>clumsy,</td><td>great,</td><td>huge,</td><td>large,</td><td>stout,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blunt,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>heavy,</td><td>immense,</td><td>rude,</td><td>thick.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span></p> + +<h3>FIRE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blaze,</td><td>burning,</td><td>combustion,</td><td>conflagration,</td><td>flame.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Combustion</i> is the essential fact which is at the basis of that +assemblage of visible phenomenon which we call <i>fire</i>; <i>combustion</i> +being the continuous chemical combination of a substance with +some element, as oxygen, evolving heat, and extending from slow +processes, such as those by which the heat of the human body +is maintained, to the processes producing the most intense light +also, as in a blast-furnace, or on the surface of the sun. <i>Fire</i> is +always attended with light, as well as heat; <i>blaze</i>, <i>flame</i>, etc., +designate the mingled light and heat of a <i>fire</i>. <i>Combustion</i> is the +scientific, <i>fire</i> the popular term. A <i>conflagration</i> is an extensive +<i>fire</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#LIGHT">LIGHT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FLOCK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bevy,</td><td>covey,</td><td>group,</td><td>herd,</td><td>lot,</td><td>set,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brood,</td><td>drove,</td><td>hatch,</td><td>litter,</td><td>pack,</td><td>swarm.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Group</i> is the general word for any gathering of a small number +of objects, whether of persons, animals, or inanimate things. +The individuals in a <i>brood</i> or <i>litter</i> are related to each other; +those in the other <i>groups</i> may not be. <i>Brood</i> is used chiefly of +fowls and birds, <i>litter</i> of certain quadrupeds which bring forth +many young at a birth; we speak of a <i>brood</i> of chickens, a <i>litter</i> +of puppies; <i>brood</i> is sometimes applied to a family of young children. +<i>Bevy</i> is used of birds, and figuratively of any bright and +lively <i>group</i> of women or children, but rarely of men. <i>Flock</i> +is applied to birds and to some of the smaller animals; <i>herd</i> is +confined to the larger animals; we speak of a <i>bevy</i> of quail, a +<i>covey</i> of partridges, a <i>flock</i> of blackbirds, or a <i>flock</i> of sheep, a +<i>herd</i> of cattle, horses, buffaloes, or elephants, a <i>pack</i> of wolves, +a <i>pack</i> of hounds, a <i>swarm</i> of bees. A collection of animals +driven or gathered for driving is called a <i>drove</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FLUCTUATE" id="FLUCTUATE"></a>FLUCTUATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hesitate,</td><td>swerve,</td><td>vacillate,</td><td>veer,</td></tr> +<tr><td>oscillate,</td><td>undulate,</td><td>vary,</td><td>waver.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>fluctuate</i> (L. <i>fluctus</i>, a wave) is to move like a wave with +alternate rise and fall. A pendulum <i>oscillates</i>; waves <i>fluctuate</i> +or <i>undulate</i>; a light or a flame <i>wavers</i>; a frightened steed <i>swerves</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +from his course; a tool or weapon <i>swerves</i> from the mark or line; +the temperature <i>varies</i>; the wind <i>veers</i> when it suddenly changes +its direction. That which <i>veers</i> may steadily hold the new direction; +that which <i>oscillates</i>, <i>fluctuates</i>, <i>undulates</i>, or <i>wavers</i> returns +upon its way. As regards mental states, he who <i>hesitates</i> +sticks (L. <i>hærere</i>) on the verge of decision; he who <i>wavers</i> does +not stick to a decision; he who <i>vacillates</i> decides now one way, +and now another; one <i>vacillates</i> between contrasted decisions or +actions; he may <i>waver</i> between decision and indecision, or between +action and inaction. Persons <i>hesitate</i>, <i>vacillate</i>, <i>waver</i>; +feelings <i>fluctuate</i> or <i>vary</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SHAKE">SHAKE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abide,</td><td>adhere,</td><td>hold fast,</td><td>persist,</td><td>stand fast,</td><td>stay,</td><td>stick.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FLUID.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>gas,</td><td>liquid.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>fluid</i> is a substance that, like air or water, yields to any +force that tends to change its form; a <i>liquid</i> is a body in that +state in which the particles move freely among themselves, but +remain in one mass, keeping the same volume, but taking always +the form of the containing vessel; a <i>liquid</i> is an inelastic <i>fluid</i>; +a <i>gas</i> is an elastic <i>fluid</i> that tends to expand to the utmost limits +of the containing space. All <i>liquids</i> are <i>fluids</i>, but not all <i>fluids</i> +are <i>liquids</i>; air and all the <i>gases</i> are <i>fluids</i>, but they are not +<i>liquids</i> under ordinary circumstances, tho capable of being reduced +to a <i>liquid</i> form by special means, as by cold and pressure. +Water at the ordinary temperature is at once a <i>fluid</i> and a <i>liquid</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FOLLOW" id="FOLLOW"></a>FOLLOW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accompany,</td><td>come after,</td><td>go after,</td><td>obey,</td><td>pursue,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attend,</td><td>copy,</td><td>heed,</td><td>observe,</td><td>result,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chase,</td><td>ensue,</td><td>imitate,</td><td>practise,</td><td>succeed.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Anything that <i>comes after</i> or <i>goes after</i> another, either in space +or in time, is said to <i>follow</i> it. A servant <i>follows</i> or <i>attends</i> his +master; a victorious general may <i>follow</i> the retiring enemy +merely to watch and hold him in check; he <i>chases</i> or <i>pursues</i> +with intent to overtake and attack; the chase is closer and hotter +than the pursuit. (Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HUNT">HUNT</a></span>.) One event may +<i>follow</i> another either with or without special connection; if it<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +<i>ensues</i>, there is some orderly connection; as, the <i>ensuing</i> year; +if it <i>results</i> from another, there is some relation of effect, consequence, +or inference. A clerk <i>observes</i> his employer's directions. +A child <i>obeys</i> his parent's commands, <i>follows</i> or <i>copies</i> his example, +<i>imitates</i> his speech and manners. The compositor <i>follows</i> +copy; the incoming <i>succeeds</i> the outgoing official.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FOOD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aliment,</td><td>feed,</td><td>nourishment,</td><td>pabulum,</td><td>sustenance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diet,</td><td>fodder,</td><td>nutriment,</td><td>provender,</td><td>viands,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fare,</td><td>forage,</td><td>nutrition,</td><td>regimen,</td><td>victuals.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Food</i> is, in the popular sense, whatever one eats in contradistinction +to what one drinks. Thus, we speak of <i>food</i> and drink, of +wholesome, unwholesome, or indigestible <i>food</i>; but in a more +scientific sense whatever, when taken into the digestive organs, +serves to build up structure or supply waste may be termed <i>food</i>; +the word is extended to plants to signify whatever taken in any +way into the organism serves similar purposes; thus, we speak of +liquid <i>food</i>, plant <i>food</i>, etc.; in this wider sense <i>food</i> is closely +synonymous with <i>nutriment</i>, <i>nourishment</i>, and <i>sustenance</i>. <i>Diet</i> +refers to the quantity and quality of <i>food</i> habitually taken, with +reference to preservation of health. <i>Victuals</i> is a plain, homely +word for whatever may be eaten; we speak of choice <i>viands</i>, cold +<i>victuals</i>. <i>Nourishment</i> and <i>sustenance</i> apply to whatever can be +introduced into the system as a means of sustaining life; we say +of a convalescent, he is taking <i>nourishment</i>. <i>Nutriment</i> and +<i>nutrition</i> have more of scientific reference to the vitalizing +principles of various <i>foods</i>; thus, wheat is said to contain a great +amount of <i>nutriment</i>. <i>Regimen</i> considers <i>food</i> as taken by strict +rule, but applies more widely to the whole ordering of life. <i>Fare</i> +is a general word for all table supplies, good or bad; as, sumptuous +<i>fare</i>; wretched <i>fare</i>. <i>Feed</i>, <i>fodder</i>, and <i>provender</i> are used +only of the food of the lower animals, <i>feed</i> denoting anything +consumed, but more commonly grain, <i>fodder</i> denoting hay, cornstalks, +or the like, sometimes called "long <i>feed</i>;" <i>provender</i> is +dry <i>feed</i>, whether grain or hay, straw, etc. <i>Forage</i> denotes any +kind of <i>food</i> suitable for horses and cattle, primarily as obtained +by a military force in scouring the country, especially an enemy's +country.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p> + +<h3>FORMIDABLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dangerous,</td><td>redoubted,</td><td>terrible,</td><td>tremendous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>formidable</i> is worthy of fear if encountered or +opposed; as, a <i>formidable</i> array of troops, or of evidence. <i>Formidable</i> +is a word of more dignity than <i>dangerous</i>, and suggests +more calm and collected power than <i>terrible</i>; <i>formidable</i> is less +overwhelming than <i>tremendous</i>. A loaded gun is <i>dangerous</i>; a +park of artillery is <i>formidable</i>; a charge of cavalry is <i>terrible</i>; +the full shock of great armies is <i>tremendous</i>. A <i>dangerous</i> man +is likely to do mischief, and needs watching; a <i>formidable</i> man +may not be <i>dangerous</i> if not attacked; an enraged maniac is <i>terrible</i>; +the force of ocean waves in a storm, and the silent pressure +in the ocean depths, are <i>tremendous</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contemptible,</td><td>despicable,</td><td>feeble,</td><td>harmless,</td><td>helpless,</td><td>powerless,</td><td>weak.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Formidable <i>by</i> or <i>in</i> numbers; <i>in</i> strength; formidable <i>to</i> the +enemy.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FORTIFICATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>castle,</td><td>citadel,</td><td>fastness,</td><td>fort,</td><td>fortress,</td><td>stronghold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fortification</i> is the general word for any artificial defensive +work; a <i>fortress</i> is a <i>fortification</i> of especial size and strength; a +<i>fortress</i> is regarded as permanent, and is ordinarily an independent +work; a <i>fort</i> or <i>fortification</i> may be temporary; a <i>fortification</i> +may be but part of a defensive system; we speak of the <i>fortifications</i> +of a city. A <i>citadel</i> is a <i>fortification</i> within a city, or the +fortified inner part of a city or <i>fortress</i>, within which a garrison +may be placed to overawe the citizens, or to which the defenders +may retire if the outer works are captured; the medieval <i>castle</i> +was the fortified residence of a king or baron. <i>Fort</i> is the common +military term for a detached fortified building or enclosure of +moderate size occupied or designed to be occupied by troops. The +<i>fortifications</i> of a modern city usually consist of a chain of <i>forts</i>. +Any defensible place, whether made so by nature or by art, is a +<i>fastness</i> or <i>stronghold</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FORTITUDE" id="FORTITUDE"></a>FORTITUDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>courage,</td><td>endurance,</td><td>heroism,</td><td>resolution.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Fortitude</i> (L. <i>fortis</i>, strong) is the strength or firmness of mind<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +or soul to endure pain or adversity patiently and determinedly. +<i>Fortitude</i> has been defined as "passive <i>courage</i>," which is a good +definition, but not complete. <i>Fortitude</i> might be termed "still +<i>courage</i>," or "enduring <i>courage</i>;" it is that quality which is able +not merely to endure pain or trial, but steadily to confront dangers +that can not be actively opposed, or against which one has no +adequate defense; it takes <i>courage</i> to charge a battery, <i>fortitude</i> +to stand still under an enemy's fire. <i>Resolution</i> is of the mind; +<i>endurance</i> is partly physical; it requires <i>resolution</i> to resist temptation, +<i>endurance</i> to resist hunger and cold. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BRAVE">BRAVE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PATIENCE">PATIENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FORTUNATE" id="FORTUNATE"></a>FORTUNATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>favored,</td><td>lucky,</td><td>prospered,</td><td>prosperous,</td><td>successful.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">happy,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A man is <i>successful</i> in any case if he achieves or gains what he +seeks; he is known as a <i>successful</i> man if he has achieved or +gained worthy objects of endeavor; he is <i>fortunate</i> or <i>lucky</i> if +advantages have come to him without or beyond his direct planning +or achieving. <i>Lucky</i> is the more common and colloquial, <i>fortunate</i> +the more elegant word; <i>fortunate</i> is more naturally applied +to the graver matters, as we speak of the <i>fortunate</i>, rather than +the <i>lucky</i>, issue of a great battle; <i>lucky</i> more strongly emphasizes +the element of chance, as when we speak of a <i>lucky</i> hit, a <i>lucky</i> +guess, or of one as "born under a <i>lucky</i> star." <i>Favored</i> is used in +a religious sense, implying that one is the object of divine favor. +<i>Happy</i>, in this connection, signifies possessed of the means of happiness. +One is said to be <i>happy</i> or <i>prosperous</i> whether his prosperity +be the result of fortune or of achievement; <i>prospered</i> +rather denotes the action of a superintending Providence.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>broken,</td><td>fallen,</td><td>miserable,</td><td>unhappy,</td><td>woful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crushed,</td><td>ill-starred,</td><td>unfortunate,</td><td>unlucky,</td><td>wretched.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FRAUD" id="FRAUD"></a>FRAUD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>artifice,</td><td>deceit,</td><td>duplicity,</td><td>swindle,</td><td>treason,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheat,</td><td>deception,</td><td>imposition,</td><td>swindling,</td><td rowspan="2">trick.</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheating,</td><td>dishonesty,</td><td>imposture,</td><td>treachery,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>fraud</i> is an act of deliberate <i>deception</i> with the design of +securing something by taking unfair advantage of another. A <i>deceit</i> +or <i>deception</i> may be designed merely to gain some end of one's +own, with no intent of harming another; an <i>imposition</i>, to take<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> +some small advantage of another, or simply to make another +ridiculous. An <i>imposture</i> is designed to obtain money, credit, or +position to which one is not entitled, and may be practised by a +street beggar or by the pretender to a throne. All action that is +not honest is <i>dishonesty</i>, but the term <i>dishonesty</i> is generally applied +in business, politics, etc., to deceitful practises which are +not directly criminal. <i>Fraud</i> includes <i>deceit</i>, but <i>deceit</i> may not +reach the gravity of <i>fraud</i>; a <i>cheat</i> is of the nature of <i>fraud</i>, but +of a petty sort; a <i>swindle</i> is more serious than a <i>cheat</i>, involving +larger values and more flagrant <i>dishonesty</i>. <i>Fraud</i> is commonly +actionable at law; <i>cheating</i> and <i>swindling</i> are for the most part +out of the reach of legal proceedings. <i>Treachery</i> is chiefly used +of <i>dishonesty</i> in matters of friendship, social relations, government, +or war; <i>treachery</i> may be more harmful than <i>fraud</i>, but is +not so gross, and is not ordinarily open to legal redress. <i>Treason</i> +is a specific form of <i>treachery</i> of a subject to the government to +which he owes allegiance, and is definable and punishable at law. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARTIFICE">ARTIFICE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DECEPTION">DECEPTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fairness,</td><td>good faith,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>integrity,</td><td>truth,</td><td>uprightness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>FRIENDLY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accessible,</td><td>companionable,</td><td>genial,</td><td>neighborly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affable,</td><td>complaisant,</td><td>hearty,</td><td>sociable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affectionate,</td><td>cordial,</td><td>kind,</td><td>social,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amicable,</td><td>favorable,</td><td>kindly,</td><td>tender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brotherly,</td><td>fond,</td><td>loving,</td><td>well-disposed.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Friendly</i>, as said of persons, signifies having the disposition of +a friend; as said of acts, it signifies befitting or worthy of a friend. +The adjective <i>friendly</i> does not reach the full significance of the +nouns "friend" and "friendship;" one may be <i>friendly</i> to those +who are not his friends, and to be in <i>friendly</i> relations often +signifies little more than not to be hostile. In its application to +persons, <i>accessible</i> is used of public and eminent persons, who +might, if disposed, hold themselves at a distance from others. +<i>Companionable</i> and <i>sociable</i> refer to manner and behavior, <i>cordial</i> +and <i>genial</i> express genuine kindliness of heart. We speak of a +<i>cordial</i> greeting, a <i>favorable</i> reception, a <i>neighborly</i> call, a <i>sociable</i> +visitor, an <i>amicable</i> settlement, a <i>kind</i> interest, a <i>friendly</i> +regard, a <i>hearty</i> welcome. The Saxon <i>friendly</i> is stronger than +the Latin <i>amicable</i>; the <i>amicable</i> may be merely formal; the +<i>friendly</i> is from the heart. <i>Fond</i> is commonly applied to an<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +affection that becomes, or at least appears, excessive. <i>Affectionate</i>, +<i>devoted</i>, and <i>tender</i> are almost always used in a high and good +sense; as, an <i>affectionate</i> son; a <i>devoted</i> friend; "the <i>tender</i> +mercy of our God," <i>Luke</i> i, 78. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adverse,</td><td>bellicose,</td><td>contentious,</td><td>estranged,</td><td>ill-disposed,</td><td>unfriendly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alienated,</td><td>belligerent,</td><td>disaffected,</td><td>frigid,</td><td>indifferent,</td><td>unkind,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonistic,</td><td>cold,</td><td>distant,</td><td>hostile,</td><td>inimical,</td><td>warlike.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FRIENDSHIP" id="FRIENDSHIP"></a>FRIENDSHIP.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affection,</td><td>comity,</td><td>esteem,</td><td>good will,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amity,</td><td>consideration,</td><td>favor,</td><td>love,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attachment,</td><td>devotion,</td><td>friendliness,</td><td>regard.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Friendship</i> is a deep, quiet, enduring <i>affection</i>, founded upon +mutual respect and <i>esteem</i>. <i>Friendship</i> is always mutual; there +may be unreciprocated <i>affection</i> or <i>attachment</i>, unrequited <i>love</i>, +or even unrecognized and unappreciated <i>devotion</i>, but never unreciprocated +or unrequited <i>friendship</i>; one may have friendly +feelings toward an enemy, but while there is hostility or coldness +on one side there can not be <i>friendship</i> between the two. <i>Friendliness</i> +is a quality of friendly feeling, without the deep and settled +<i>attachment</i> implied in the state of <i>friendship</i>. <i>Comity</i> is mutual +kindly courtesy, with care of each other's right, and <i>amity</i> a +friendly feeling and relation, not necessarily implying special +<i>friendliness</i>; as, the <i>comity</i> of nations, or <i>amity</i> between neighboring +countries. <i>Affection</i> may be purely natural; <i>friendship</i> +is a growth. <i>Friendship</i> is more intellectual and less emotional +than <i>love</i>; it is easier to give reasons for <i>friendship</i> than for +<i>love</i>; <i>friendship</i> is more calm and quiet, <i>love</i> more fervent; <i>love</i> +often rises to intensest passion; we can not speak of the passion +of <i>friendship</i>. <i>Friendship</i> implies some degree of equality, while +<i>love</i> does not; we can speak of man's <i>love</i> toward God, not of his +<i>friendship</i> for God. (There is more latitude in the use of the +concrete noun <i>friend</i>; Abraham was called "the friend of +God;" Christ was called "the friend of sinners.") Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ACQUAINTANCE">ACQUAINTANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOVE">LOVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BATTLE">BATTLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FEUD">FEUD</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The friendship <i>of</i> one person <i>for</i> or <i>toward</i> another, or the +friendship <i>between</i> them.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p> + +<h3>FRIGHTEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affright,</td><td>appal,</td><td>cow,</td><td>dismay,</td><td>scare,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alarm,</td><td>browbeat,</td><td>daunt,</td><td>intimidate,</td><td>terrify.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One is <i>frightened</i> by a cause of fear addressed directly and +suddenly to the senses; he is <i>intimidated</i> by an apprehension of +contingent consequences dependent on some act of his own to be +done or forborne; the means of intimidation may act through the +senses, or may appeal only to the intellect or the sensibilities. The +sudden rush of an armed madman may <i>frighten</i>; the quiet leveling +of a highwayman's pistol <i>intimidates</i>. A savage beast is <i>intimidated</i> +by the keeper's whip. Employers may <i>intimidate</i> their +employees from voting contrary to their will by threat of discharge; +a mother may be <i>intimidated</i> through fear for her child. +To <i>browbeat</i> or <i>cow</i> is to bring into a state of submissive fear; to +<i>daunt</i> is to give pause or check to a violent, threatening, or even +a brave spirit. To <i>scare</i> is to cause sudden, unnerving fear; to +<i>terrify</i> is to awaken fear that is overwhelming. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALARM">ALARM</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="FRUGALITY" id="FRUGALITY"></a>FRUGALITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>economy,</td><td>parsimony,</td><td>saving,</td><td>sparing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>miserliness,</td><td>providence,</td><td>scrimping,</td><td>thrift.</td></tr> +<tr><td>parsimoniousness,</td><td colspan="3">prudence,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Economy</i> is a wise and careful administration of the means at +one's disposal; <i>frugality</i> is a withholding of expenditure, or <i>sparing</i> +of supplies or provision, to a noticeable and often to a painful +degree; <i>parsimony</i> is excessive and unreasonable <i>saving</i> for the +sake of <i>saving</i>. <i>Frugality</i> exalted into a virtue to be practised +for its own sake, instead of as a means to an end, becomes the +vice of <i>parsimony</i>. <i>Miserliness</i> is the denying oneself and others +the ordinary comforts or even necessaries of life, for the mere +sake of hoarding money. <i>Prudence</i> and <i>providence</i> look far +ahead, and sacrifice the present to the future, saving as much as +may be necessary for that end. (See <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRUDENCE">PRUDENCE</a></span>.) <i>Thrift</i> seeks +not merely to save, but to earn. <i>Economy</i> manages, <i>frugality</i> +saves, <i>providence</i> plans, <i>thrift</i> at once earns and saves, with a +view to wholesome and profitable expenditure at a fitting time. +See <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSTINENCE">ABSTINENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abundance,</td><td>bounty,</td><td>liberality,</td><td>opulence,</td><td>waste,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affluence,</td><td>extravagance,</td><td>luxury,</td><td>riches,</td><td>wealth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="GARRULOUS" id="GARRULOUS"></a>GARRULOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chattering,</td><td>loquacious,</td><td>talkative,</td><td>verbose.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Garrulous</i> signifies given to constant trivial talking. <i>Chattering</i> +signifies uttering rapid, noisy, and unintelligible, or scarcely +intelligible, sounds, whether articulate words or such as resemble +them; <i>chattering</i> is often used of vocal sounds that may be intelligible +by themselves but are ill understood owing to confusion +of many voices or other cause. The <i>talkative</i> person has a strong +disposition to talk, with or without an abundance of words, or +many ideas; the <i>loquacious</i> person has an abundant flow of +language and much to say on any subject suggested; either may +be lively and for a time entertaining; the <i>garrulous</i> person is +tedious, repetitious, petty, and self-absorbed. <i>Verbose</i> is applied +to utterances more formal than conversation, as to writings or +public addresses. We speak of a <i>chattering</i> monkey or a <i>chattering</i> +idiot, a <i>talkative</i> child, a <i>talkative</i> or <i>loquacious</i> woman, a +<i>garrulous</i> old man, a <i>verbose</i> writer. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CIRCUMLOCUTION">CIRCUMLOCUTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>laconic,</td><td>reserved,</td><td>reticent,</td><td>silent,</td><td>speechless,</td><td>taciturn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GENDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>sex.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sex</i> is a distinction among living beings; it is also the characteristic +by which most living beings are distinguished from inanimate +things, which are of no <i>sex</i>; <i>gender</i> is a distinction in +language partially corresponding to this distinction in nature; +while there are but two <i>sexes</i>, there are in some languages, as in +English and German, three <i>genders</i>. The French language has +but two <i>genders</i> and makes the names of all inanimate objects +either masculine or feminine; some languages are without the +distinction of <i>gender</i>, and those that maintain it are often quite +arbitrary in its application. We speak of the masculine or feminine +<i>gender</i>, the male or female <i>sex</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="GENERAL" id="GENERAL"></a>GENERAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>familiar,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>universal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commonplace,</td><td>frequent,</td><td>popular,</td><td rowspan="3">usual.</td></tr> +<tr><td>customary,</td><td>habitual,</td><td>prevalent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>everyday,</td><td>normal,</td><td>public,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Common</i> signifies frequently occurring, not out of the regular<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +course, not exceptional; hence, not above the average, not excellent +or distinguished, inferior, or even low; <i>common</i> also signifies +pertaining to or participated in by two or more persons or +things; as, sorrow is <i>common</i> to the race. <i>General</i> may signify +pertaining equally to all of a class, race, etc., but very commonly +signifies pertaining to the greater number, but not necessarily to +all. <i>Universal</i> applies to all without exception; <i>general</i> applies to +all with possible or comparatively slight exceptions; <i>common</i> applies +to very many without deciding whether they are even a +majority. A <i>common</i> remark is one we often hear; a <i>general</i> experience +is one that comes to the majority of people; a <i>universal</i> +experience is one from which no human being is exempt. It is +dangerous for a debater to affirm a <i>universal</i> proposition, since +that can be negatived by a single exception, while a <i>general</i> statement +is not invalidated even by adducing many exceptions. We +say a <i>common</i> opinion, <i>common</i> experience, a <i>general</i> rule, <i>general</i> +truth, a <i>universal</i> law. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#NORMAL">NORMAL</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#USUAL">USUAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>exceptional,</td><td>infrequent,</td><td>rare,</td><td>singular,</td><td>uncommon,</td><td>unknown,</td><td>unusual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GENEROUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bountiful,</td><td>free,</td><td>liberal,</td><td>noble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chivalrous,</td><td>free-handed,</td><td>magnanimous,</td><td>open-handed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disinterested,</td><td>free-hearted,</td><td>munificent,</td><td>open-hearted.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Generous</i> (L. <i>genus</i>, a race) primarily signifies having the +qualities worthy of noble or honorable birth; hence, free and +abundant in giving, giving freely, heartily, and self-sacrificingly. +As regards giving, <i>generous</i> refers rather to the self-sacrificing +heartiness of the giver, <i>liberal</i> to the amount of the gift; a child +may show himself <i>generous</i> in the gift of an apple, a millionaire +makes a <i>liberal</i> donation; a <i>generous</i> gift, however, is commonly +thought of as both ample and hearty. A <i>munificent</i> gift is vast +in amount, whatever the motive of its bestowal. One may be +<i>free</i> with another's money; he can be <i>generous</i> only with his +own. <i>Disinterested</i> suggests rather the thought of one's own +self-denial; <i>generous</i>, of one's hearty interest in another's welfare +or happiness. One is <i>magnanimous</i> by a greatness of soul +(L. <i>magnus</i>, great, and <i>animus</i>, soul) that rises above all that is +poor, mean, or weak, especially above every petty or ignoble +motive or feeling pertaining to one's self, and thus above resentment<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> +of injury or insult; one is <i>generous</i> by a kindness of heart +that would rejoice in the welfare rather than in the punishment +of the offender.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>avaricious,</td><td>covetous,</td><td>ignoble,</td><td>mean,</td><td>niggardly,</td><td>penurious,</td><td>rapacious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>close,</td><td>greedy,</td><td>illiberal,</td><td>miserly,</td><td>parsimonious,</td><td>petty,</td><td>stingy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GENIUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>talent,</td><td>talents.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Genius</i> is exalted intellectual power capable of operating independently +of tuition and training, and marked by an extraordinary +faculty for original creation, invention, discovery, expression, etc. +<i>Talent</i> is marked mental ability, and in a special sense, a particular +and uncommon aptitude for some special mental work or attainment. +<i>Genius</i> is higher than <i>talent</i>, more spontaneous, less +dependent upon instruction, less amenable to training; <i>talent</i> is +largely the capacity to learn, acquire, appropriate, adapt oneself +to demand. Yet the <i>genius</i> that has won the largest and most +enduring success has been joined with tireless industry and painstaking. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#MIND">MIND</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POWER">POWER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dulness,</td><td>folly,</td><td>imbecility,</td><td>obtuseness,</td><td>senselessness,</td><td>stupidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="GET" id="GET"></a>GET.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>achieve,</td><td>attain,</td><td>gain,</td><td>procure,</td><td>secure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquire,</td><td>earn,</td><td>obtain,</td><td>receive,</td><td>win.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Get</i> is a most comprehensive word. A person <i>gets</i> whatever +he comes to possess or experience, whether with or without endeavor, +expectation, or desire; he <i>gets</i> a bargain, a blow, a fall, +a fever; he <i>gains</i> what he comes to by effort or striving; the +swimmer <i>gains</i> the shore; a man <i>acquires</i> by continuous and ordinarily +by slow process; as, one <i>acquires</i> a foreign language. A +person is sometimes said to <i>gain</i> and often to <i>acquire</i> what has +not been an object of direct endeavor; in the pursuits of trade, he +incidentally <i>gains</i> some knowledge of foreign countries; he <i>acquires</i> +by association with others a correct or incorrect accent; he +<i>acquires</i> a bronzed complexion by exposure to a tropical sun; in +such use, what he <i>gains</i> is viewed as desirable, what he <i>acquires</i> +as slowly and gradually resulting. A person <i>earns</i> what he gives +an equivalent of labor for, tho he may not <i>get</i> it. On the other +hand, he may <i>get</i> what he has not <i>earned</i>; the temptation<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span> +to all dishonesty is the desire to <i>get</i> a living or a fortune without +<i>earning</i> it. When one <i>gets</i> the object of his desire, he is said to +<i>obtain</i> it, whether he has <i>gained</i> or <i>earned</i> it or not. <i>Win</i> denotes +contest, with a suggestion of chance or hazard; in popular language, +a person is often said to <i>win</i> a lawsuit, or to <i>win</i> in a suit +at law, but in legal phrase he is said to <i>gain</i> his suit, case, or cause. +In <i>receiving</i>, one is strictly passive; he may <i>get</i> an estate by his +own exertions or by inheritance; in the latter case he is said to +<i>receive</i> it. One <i>obtains</i> a thing commonly by some direct effort +of his own; he <i>procures</i> it commonly by the intervention of some +one else; he <i>procures</i> a dinner or an interview; he <i>secures</i> what +has seemed uncertain or elusive, when he <i>gets</i> it firmly into his +possession or under his control. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTAIN">ATTAIN</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#MAKE">MAKE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REACH">REACH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABANDON">ABANDON</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GIFT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>benefaction,</td><td>boon,</td><td>bribe,</td><td>grant,</td><td>largess,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bequest,</td><td>bounty,</td><td>donation,</td><td>gratuity,</td><td>present.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>gift</i> is in the popular, and also in the legal sense that which +is voluntarily bestowed without expectation of return or compensation. +<i>Gift</i> is now almost always used in the good sense, <i>bribe</i> +always in the evil sense to signify payment for a dishonorable +service under the semblance of a <i>gift</i>. In Scriptural language +<i>gift</i> is often used for <i>bribe</i>. "The king by judgment establisheth +the land; but he that receiveth <i>gifts</i> overthroweth it." <i>Prov.</i> +xxix, 4. A <i>benefaction</i> is a charitable <i>gift</i>, generally of large +amount, and viewed as of enduring value, as an endowment for a +college. A <i>donation</i> is something, perhaps of great, never of trivial +value, given usually on some public ground, as to a cause or to a +person representing a cause, but not necessarily of value beyond +the immediate present; as, a <i>donation</i> to a pastor. A <i>gratuity</i> is +usually something of moderate value and is always given as to an +inferior, and as of favor, not of right; as, a <i>gratuity</i> to a waiter. +<i>Largess</i> is archaic for a bountiful <i>gratuity</i>, usually to be distributed +among many, as among the heralds at ancient tournaments. +A <i>present</i> is a <i>gift</i> of friendship, or conciliation, and given as +to an equal or a superior; no one's pride is hurt by accepting +what is viewed as strictly a <i>present</i>. A <i>boon</i> is a <i>gift</i> that has<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +been desired or craved or perhaps asked, or something freely given +that meets some great desire. A <i>grant</i> is commonly considerable +in amount and given by public authority; as, a <i>grant</i> of public +lands for a college.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compensation,</td><td>earnings,</td><td>guerdon,</td><td>penalty,</td><td>remuneration, wages.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bestow,</td><td>communicate,</td><td>deliver,</td><td>grant,</td><td rowspan="2">supply.</td></tr> +<tr><td>cede,</td><td>confer,</td><td>furnish,</td><td>impart,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>give</i> is primarily to transfer to another's possession or ownership +without compensation; in its secondary sense in popular use, +it is to put into another's possession by any means and on any +terms whatever; a buyer may say "<i>Give</i> me the goods, and I +will <i>give</i> you the money;" we speak of <i>giving</i> answers, information, +etc., and often of <i>giving</i> what is not agreeable to the recipient, +as blows, medicine, reproof; but when there is nothing in the +context to indicate the contrary, <i>give</i> is always understood in its +primary sense; as, this book was <i>given</i> me. <i>Give</i> thus becomes, +like <i>get</i>, a term of such general import as to be a synonym for a +wide variety of words. To <i>grant</i> is to put into one's possession in +some formal way, or by authoritative act; as, Congress <i>grants</i> lands +to a railroad corporation. To speak of <i>granting</i> a favor carries a +claim or concession of superiority on the part of the one by whom +the <i>grant</i> may be made; to <i>confer</i> has a similar sense; as, to <i>confer</i> +a degree or an honor; we <i>grant</i> a request or petition, but do +not <i>confer</i> it. To <i>impart</i> is to <i>give</i> of that which one still, to a +greater or less degree, retains; the teacher <i>imparts</i> instruction. +To <i>bestow</i> is to <i>give</i> that of which the receiver stands in especial +need; we <i>bestow</i> alms.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We give money <i>to</i> a person <i>for</i> a thing, <i>for</i> a purpose, etc. (or +without proposition, <i>give</i> a person a sum of money); we give a +thing <i>to</i> or <i>into</i> one's care or keeping; the weary fugitive gave +himself up <i>to</i> his pursuers.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GOVERN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>curb,</td><td>influence,</td><td>mold,</td><td>reign over,</td><td>rule,</td></tr> +<tr><td>control,</td><td>direct,</td><td>manage,</td><td>reign,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>sway.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Govern</i> carries the idea of authoritative administration or some +exercise of authority that is at once effective and continuous; <i>control</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +is effective, but may be momentary or occasional. One <i>controls</i> +what he holds or can hold at will absolutely in check; as, a +skilful horseman <i>controls</i> a spirited horse; a person <i>controls</i> his +temper; we say to one who is excited, "<i>control</i> yourself." A person +<i>commands</i> another when he has, or claims, the right to make +that other do his will, with power of inflicting penalty if not +obeyed; he <i>controls</i> another whom he can effectually prevent from +doing anything contrary to his will; he <i>governs</i> one whom he +actually does cause, regularly or constantly, to obey his will; a +parent may <i>command</i> a child whom he can not <i>govern</i> or <i>control</i>. +The best teachers are not greatly prone to <i>command</i>, but <i>govern</i> +or <i>control</i> their pupils largely by other means. <i>Command</i> is, +however, often used in the sense of securing, as well as requiring, +submission or obedience, as when we speak of a <i>commanding</i> influence; +a man <i>commands</i> the situation when he can shape +events as he pleases; a fortress <i>commands</i> the region when no +enemy can pass against its resistance. <i>Govern</i> implies the exercise +of knowledge and judgment as well as power. To <i>rule</i> is +more absolute and autocratic than to <i>govern</i>; to <i>sway</i> is to move +by quiet but effectual influence; to <i>mold</i> is not only to influence +feeling and action, but to shape character; to <i>manage</i> is +to secure by skilful contrivance the doing of one's will by those +whom one can not directly <i>control</i>; a wise mother, by gentle +means, <i>sways</i> the feelings and <i>molds</i> the lives of her children; +to be able to <i>manage</i> servants is an important element of good +housekeeping. The word <i>reign</i>, once so absolute, now simply denotes +that one holds the official station of sovereign in a monarchy, +with or without effective power; the Queen of England +<i>reigns</i>; the Czar of Russia both <i>reigns</i> and <i>rules</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be in subjection,</td><td>be subject,</td><td>comply,</td><td>obey,</td><td>submit,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>GRACEFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beautiful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>graceful</i> is marked by elegance and harmony, +with ease of action, attitude, or posture, or delicacy of form. +<i>Graceful</i> commonly suggests motion or the possibility of motion; +<i>beautiful</i> may apply to absolute fixity; a landscape or a blue sky +is <i>beautiful</i>, but neither is <i>graceful</i>. <i>Graceful</i> commonly applies<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +to beauty as addressed to the eye, tho we often speak of a <i>graceful</i> +poem or a <i>graceful</i> compliment. <i>Graceful</i> applies to the perfection +of motion, especially of the lighter motions, which convey no +suggestion of stress or strain, and are in harmonious curves. +Apart from the thought of motion, <i>graceful</i> denotes a pleasing +harmony of outline, proportion, etc., with a certain degree of delicacy; +a Hercules is massive, an Apollo is <i>graceful</i>. We speak of +a <i>graceful</i> attitude, <i>graceful</i> drapery. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BECOMING">BECOMING</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#AWKWARD">AWKWARD</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="GRIEF" id="GRIEF"></a>GRIEF.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affliction,</td><td>melancholy,</td><td>regret,</td><td>sorrow,</td><td>trouble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>distress,</td><td>mourning,</td><td>sadness,</td><td>tribulation,</td><td>wo.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Grief</i> is acute mental pain resulting from loss, misfortune, or +deep disappointment. <i>Grief</i> is more acute and less enduring than +<i>sorrow</i>. <i>Sorrow</i> and <i>grief</i> are for definite cause; <i>sadness</i> and +<i>melancholy</i> may arise from a vague sense of want or loss, from a +low state of health, or other ill-defined cause; <i>sadness</i> may be +momentary; <i>melancholy</i> is more enduring, and may become +chronic. <i>Affliction</i> expresses a deep heart-sorrow and is applied +also to the misfortune producing such <i>sorrow</i>; <i>mourning</i> most +frequently denotes sorrow publicly expressed, or the public expression +of such <i>sorrow</i> as may reasonably be expected; as, it is +common to observe thirty days of <i>mourning</i> on the death of an +officer of state.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HAPPINESS">HAPPINESS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Grief <i>at</i> a loss; <i>for</i> a friend.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HABIT" id="HABIT"></a>HABIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>custom,</td><td>habitude,</td><td>routine,</td><td>system,</td><td>use,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fashion,</td><td>practise,</td><td>rule,</td><td>usage,</td><td>wont.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Habit</i> is a tendency or inclination toward an action or condition, +which by repetition has become easy, spontaneous, or even +unconscious, or an action or regular series of actions, or a condition +so induced. <i>Custom</i> is the uniform doing of the same act<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> +in the same circumstance for a definite reason; <i>routine</i> is the doing +of customary acts in a regular and uniform sequence and is more +mechanical than <i>custom</i>. It is the <i>custom</i> of tradesmen to open +at a uniform hour, and to follow a regular <i>routine</i> of business +until closing-time. <i>Habit</i> always includes an involuntary tendency, +natural or acquired, greatly strengthened by frequent +repetition of the act, and may be uncontrollable, or even unconscious. +<i>Habitude</i> is habitual relation or association. <i>Custom</i> is +chiefly used of the action of many; <i>habit</i> of the action of one; +we speak of the <i>customs</i> of society, the <i>habits</i> of an individual. +<i>Fashion</i> is the generally recognized <i>custom</i> in the smaller matters, +especially in dress. A <i>rule</i> is prescribed either by some external +authority or by one's own will; as, it is the <i>rule</i> of the house; or, +I make it my invariable <i>rule</i>. <i>System</i> is the coordination of many +acts or things into a unity, and is more and better than <i>routine</i>. +<i>Use</i> and <i>usage</i> denote the manner of using something; we speak +of one person's <i>use</i> of language, but of the <i>usage</i> of many; a <i>use</i> +or <i>usage</i> is almost always a <i>habit</i>. <i>Practise</i> is the active doing of +something in a systematic way; we do not speak of the <i>practise</i>, +but of the <i>habit</i> of going to sleep; we speak of a tradesman's <i>custom</i>, +a lawyer's or a physician's <i>practise</i>. Educationally, <i>practise</i> +is the voluntary and persistent attempt to make skill a <i>habit</i>; as, +<i>practise</i> in penmanship. <i>Wont</i> is blind and instinctive <i>habit</i> like +that which attaches an animal to a locality: the word is now +almost wholly poetic. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRESS">DRESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HAPPEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bechance,</td><td>chance,</td><td>fall out,</td><td>supervene,</td></tr> +<tr><td>befall,</td><td>come to pass,</td><td>occur,</td><td>take place.</td></tr> +<tr><td>betide,</td><td colspan="3">fall,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A thing is said to <i>happen</i> when no design is manifest, or none +especially thought of; it is said to <i>chance</i> when it appears to be +the result of accident (compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCIDENT">ACCIDENT</a></span>). An +incident <i>happens</i> or <i>occurs</i>; something external or actual <i>happens</i> +to one; a thought or fancy <i>occurs</i> to him. <i>Befall</i> and <i>betide</i> are +transitive; <i>happen</i> is intransitive; something <i>befalls</i> or <i>betides</i> a +person or <i>happens</i> to him. <i>Betide</i> is especially used for anticipated +evil, thought of as waiting and coming at its appointed time; as, +wo <i>betide</i> him! One event <i>supervenes</i> upon another event, one +disease upon another, etc. ["Transpire," in the sense of <i>happen</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +is not authorized by good usage: a thing that has <i>happened</i> is +properly said to <i>transpire</i> when it becomes known.]</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An event happens <i>to</i> a person; a person happens <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> a +fact, discovery, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HAPPINESS" id="HAPPINESS"></a>HAPPINESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blessedness,</td><td>delight,</td><td>gladness,</td><td>pleasure,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bliss,</td><td>ecstasy,</td><td>gratification,</td><td>rapture,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheer,</td><td>enjoyment,</td><td>joy,</td><td>rejoicing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>felicity,</td><td>merriment,</td><td>satisfaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contentment,</td><td>gaiety,</td><td>mirth,</td><td>triumph.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Gratification</i> is the giving any mental or physical desire something +that it craves; <i>satisfaction</i> is the giving such a desire all +that it craves. <i>Happiness</i> is the positively agreeable experience +that springs from the possession of good, the <i>gratification</i> or <i>satisfaction</i> +of the desires or the relief from pain and evil. <i>Comfort</i> +may be almost wholly negative, being found in security or relief +from that which pains or annoys; there is <i>comfort</i> by a warm +fireside on a wintry night; the sympathy of a true friend affords +<i>comfort</i> in sorrow. <i>Enjoyment</i> is more positive, always implying +something to be definitely and consciously delighted in; a sick +person finds <i>comfort</i> in relief from pain, while he may be far from +a state of <i>enjoyment</i>. <i>Pleasure</i> is still more vivid, being an arousing +of the faculties to an intensely agreeable activity; <i>satisfaction</i> +is more tranquil than <i>pleasure</i>, being the agreeable consciousness +of having all that our faculties demand or crave; when a worthy +<i>pleasure</i> is past, a worthy <i>satisfaction</i> remains. As referring to a +mental state, <i>gratification</i> is used to denote a mild form of <i>happiness</i> +resulting from some incident not of very great importance; +<i>satisfaction</i> should properly express a <i>happiness</i> deeper, more +complete, and more abiding; but as intellect or sensibilities of a +low order may find <i>satisfaction</i> in that which is very poor or unworthy, +the word has come to be feeble and tame in ordinary use. +<i>Happiness</i> is more positive than <i>comfort</i>, <i>enjoyment</i>, or <i>satisfaction</i>, +more serene and rational than <i>pleasure</i>; <i>pleasure</i> is of necessity +transient; <i>happiness</i> is abiding, and may be eternal; +thus, we speak of <i>pleasures</i>, but the plural of <i>happiness</i> is scarcely +used. <i>Happiness</i>, in the full sense, is mental or spiritual or both, +and is viewed as resulting from some worthy <i>gratification</i> or <i>satisfaction</i>; +we may speak of a brute as experiencing <i>comfort</i> or +<i>pleasure</i>, but scarcely as in possession of <i>happiness</i>; we speak of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +vicious <i>pleasure</i>, <i>delight</i>, or <i>joy</i>, but not of vicious <i>happiness</i>. +<i>Felicity</i> is a philosophical term, colder and more formal than <i>happiness</i>. +<i>Gladness</i> is <i>happiness</i> that overflows, expressing itself in +countenance, voice, manner, and action. <i>Joy</i> is more intense than +<i>happiness</i>, deeper than <i>gladness</i>, to which it is akin, nobler and +more enduring than <i>pleasure</i>. <i>Gaiety</i> is more superficial than +<i>joy</i>, more demonstrative than <i>gladness</i>. <i>Rejoicing</i> is <i>happiness</i> or +<i>joy</i> that finds utterance in word, song, festivity, etc. <i>Delight</i> is +vivid, overflowing <i>happiness</i> of a somewhat transient kind; <i>ecstasy</i> +is a state of extreme or extravagant <i>delight</i> so that the one +affected by it seems almost beside himself with <i>joy</i>; <i>rapture</i> is +closely allied to <i>ecstasy</i>, but is more serene, exalted, and enduring. +<i>Triumph</i> is such <i>joy</i> as results from victory, success, achievement. +<i>Blessedness</i> is at once the state and the sense of being divinely +blessed; as, the <i>blessedness</i> of the righteous. <i>Bliss</i> is ecstatic, perfected +<i>happiness</i>; as, the <i>bliss</i> of heaven. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMFORT">COMFORT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#GRIEF">GRIEF</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HAPPY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blessed,</td><td>cheering,</td><td>gay,</td><td>lucky,</td><td>rejoiced,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blissful,</td><td>cheery,</td><td>glad,</td><td>merry,</td><td>rejoicing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blithe,</td><td>delighted,</td><td>jocund,</td><td>mirthful,</td><td>smiling,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blithesome,</td><td>delightful,</td><td>jolly,</td><td>pleased,</td><td>sprightly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bright,</td><td>dexterous,</td><td>joyful,</td><td>prosperous,</td><td>successful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>buoyant,</td><td>felicitous,</td><td>joyous,</td><td>rapturous,</td><td>sunny.</td></tr> +<tr><td>cheerful,</td><td colspan="4">fortunate,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Happy</i> primarily refers to something that comes "by good +hap," a chance that brings prosperity, benefit, or success.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>And grasps the skirts of <i>happy</i> chance.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Tennyson</span> <i>In Memoriam</i> lxiii, st. 2.</p></div> + +<p class="noin">In this sense <i>happy</i> is closely allied to <i>fortunate</i> and <i>lucky</i>. (See +<span class="smcl"><a href="#FORTUNATE">FORTUNATE</a></span>.) <i>Happy</i> has, however, so far diverged from this original +sense as to apply to advantages where chance is not recognized, +or is even excluded by direct reference to the divine will, when it +becomes almost equivalent to <i>blessed</i>.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>Behold, <i>happy</i> is the man whom God correcteth.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><i>Job</i> v, 17.</p></div> + +<p class="noin"><i>Happy</i> is also applied to the ready dexterity or skill by which +favorable results (usually in minor matters) are secured, when it +becomes a synonym for <i>dexterous</i>, <i>felicitous</i>, and the associated +words; as, he has a <i>happy</i> wit; <i>happy</i> at retort (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEVER">CLEVER</a></span>). +In its most frequent present use, <i>happy</i> is applied to the state of +one enjoying happiness, or to that by which happiness is expressed;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span> +as, a <i>happy</i> heart; a <i>happy</i> face; <i>happy</i> laughter; <i>happy</i> tears +(compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HAPPINESS">HAPPINESS</a></span>). <i>Cheerful</i> applies to the possession +or expression of a moderate and tranquil happiness. A +<i>cheery</i> word spontaneously gives cheer to others; a <i>cheering</i> word +is more distinctly planned to cheer and encourage. <i>Gay</i> applies +to an effusive and superficial happiness (often not really worthy of +that name) perhaps resulting largely from abundant animal spirits: +we speak of <i>gay</i> revelers or a <i>gay</i> horse. A <i>buoyant</i> spirit is, as +it were, borne up by joy and hope. A <i>sunny</i> disposition has a constant +tranquil brightness that irradiates all who come within its +influence.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#GRIEF">GRIEF</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A happy event <i>for</i> him; happy <i>at</i> a reply; happy <i>in</i> his home, +<i>with</i> his friends, <i>among</i> his children; happy <i>at</i> the discovery, <i>over</i> +his success.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HARMONY" id="HARMONY"></a>HARMONY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accord,</td><td>concurrence,</td><td>consistency,</td><td>uniformity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accordance,</td><td>conformity,</td><td>consonance,</td><td>union,</td></tr> +<tr><td>agreement,</td><td>congruity,</td><td>symmetry,</td><td>unison,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amity,</td><td>consent,</td><td>unanimity,</td><td>unity.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">concord,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>When tones, thoughts, or feelings, individually different, combine +to form a consistent and pleasing whole, there is <i>harmony</i>. +<i>Harmony</i> is deeper and more essential than <i>agreement</i>; we may +have a superficial, forced, or patched-up <i>agreement</i>, but never a +superficial, forced, or patched-up <i>harmony</i>. <i>Concord</i> is less full +and spiritual than <i>harmony</i>. <i>Concord</i> implies more volition than +<i>accord</i>; as, their views were found to be in perfect <i>accord</i>; or, +by conference <i>concord</i> was secured; we do not secure <i>accord</i>, but +discover it. We may speak of being in <i>accord</i> with a person on +one point, but <i>harmony</i> is wider in range. <i>Conformity</i> is correspondence +in form, manner, or use; the word often signifies submission +to authority or necessity, and may be as far as possible +from <i>harmony</i>; as, the attempt to secure <i>conformity</i> to an established +religion. <i>Congruity</i> involves the element of suitableness; +<i>consistency</i> implies the absence of conflict or contradiction in +views, statements, or acts which are brought into comparison, as +in the different statements of the same person or the different +periods of one man's life; <i>unanimity</i> is the complete hearty <i>agreement</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> +of many; <i>consent</i> and <i>concurrence</i> refer to decision or action, +but <i>consent</i> is more passive than <i>concurrence</i>; one speaks by general +<i>consent</i> when no one in the assembly cares to make formal +objection; a decision of the Supreme Court depends upon the <i>concurrence</i> +of a majority of the judges. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AGREE">AGREE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#MELODY">MELODY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antagonism,</td><td>contest,</td><td>discord,</td><td>hostility,</td><td>schism,</td></tr> +<tr><td>battle,</td><td>controversy,</td><td>disproportion,</td><td>incongruity,</td><td>separation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conflict,</td><td>difference,</td><td>dissension,</td><td>inconsistency,</td><td>variance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contention,</td><td>disagreement,</td><td>disunion,</td><td>opposition,</td><td>warfare.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HARVEST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>crop,</td><td>harvest-home,</td><td>ingathering,</td><td>result,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fruit,</td><td>harvesting,</td><td>proceeds,</td><td>return,</td></tr> +<tr><td>growth,</td><td>harvest-tide,</td><td>produce,</td><td rowspan="3">yield.</td></tr> +<tr><td>harvest-feast,</td><td>harvest-time,</td><td>product,</td></tr> +<tr><td>harvest-festival,</td><td>increase,</td><td>reaping,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Harvest</i>, from the Anglo-Saxon, signified originally "autumn," +and as that is the usual season of gathering ripened <i>crops</i> in Northern +lands, the word came to its present meaning of the season of +gathering ripened grain or <i>fruits</i>, whether summer or autumn, +and hence a <i>crop</i> gathered or ready for gathering; also, the act +or process of gathering a <i>crop</i> or <i>crops</i>. "The <i>harvest</i> truly is +great, but the laborers are few," <i>Luke</i> x, 2. "Lift up your eyes +and look on the fields, for they are white already to <i>harvest</i>," +<i>John</i> iv, 35. <i>Harvest</i> is the elegant and literary word; <i>crop</i> is +the common and commercial expression; we say a man sells his +<i>crop</i>, but we should not speak of his selling his <i>harvest</i>; we speak +of an ample or abundant <i>harvest</i>, a good <i>crop</i>. <i>Harvest</i> is applied +almost wholly to grain; <i>crop</i> applies to almost anything that is +gathered in; we speak of the potato-<i>crop</i>, not the potato-<i>harvest</i>; +we may say either the wheat-<i>crop</i> or the wheat-<i>harvest</i>. <i>Produce</i> +is a collective word for all that is produced in farming or gardening, +and is, in modern usage, almost wholly restricted to this sense; +we speak of <i>produce</i> collectively, but of a <i>product</i> or various <i>products</i>; +vegetables, <i>fruits</i>, eggs, butter, etc., may be termed farm-<i>produce</i>, +or the <i>products</i> of the farm. <i>Product</i> is a word of wider +application than <i>produce</i>; we speak of the <i>products</i> of manufacturing, +the <i>products</i> of thought, or the <i>product</i> obtained by multiplying +one number by another. The word <i>proceeds</i> is chiefly +used of the <i>return</i> from an investment: we speak of the <i>produce</i> +of a farm, but of the <i>proceeds</i> of the money invested in farming.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +The <i>yield</i> is what the land gives up to the farmer's demand; we +speak of the <i>return</i> from an expenditure of money or labor, but +of the <i>yield</i> of corn or oats. <i>Harvest</i> has also a figurative use, +such as <i>crop</i> more rarely permits; we term a religious revival a +<i>harvest</i> of souls; the <i>result</i> of lax enforcement of law is a <i>harvest</i> +of crime. As regards time, <i>harvest</i>, <i>harvest-tide</i>, and <i>harvest-time</i> +alike denote the period or season when the crops are or should +be gathered (<i>tide</i> being simply the old Saxon word for <i>time</i>). <i>Harvest-home</i> +ordinarily denotes the <i>festival</i> of <i>harvest</i>, and when +used to denote simply the season always gives a suggestion of festivity +and rejoicing, such as <i>harvest</i> and <i>harvest-time</i> by themselves +do not express.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HATRED" id="HATRED"></a>HATRED.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abhorrence,</td><td>detestation,</td><td>hostility,</td><td>rancor,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anger,</td><td>dislike,</td><td>ill will,</td><td>repugnance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animosity,</td><td>enmity,</td><td>malevolence,</td><td>resentment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antipathy,</td><td>grudge,</td><td>malice,</td><td>revenge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aversion,</td><td>hate,</td><td>malignity,</td><td>spite.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Repugnance</i> applies to that which one feels himself summoned +or impelled to do or to endure, and from which he instinctively +draws back. <i>Aversion</i> is the turning away of the mind or feelings +from some person or thing, or from some course of action, +etc. <i>Hate</i>, or <i>hatred</i>, as applied to persons, is intense and continued +<i>aversion</i>, usually with disposition to injure; <i>anger</i> is sudden +and brief, <i>hatred</i> is lingering and enduring; "Her wrath became +a <i>hate</i>," <span class="smc">Tennyson</span> <i>Pelleas and Ettarre</i> st. 16. As applied +to things, <i>hatred</i> is intense <i>aversion</i>, with desire to destroy or remove; +<i>hatred</i> of evil is a righteous passion, akin to <i>abhorrence</i>, +but more vehement. <i>Malice</i> involves the active intent to injure; +in the legal sense, <i>malice</i> is the intent to injure, even tho with +no personal <i>ill will</i>; as, a highwayman would be said to entertain +<i>malice</i> toward the unknown traveler whom he attacks. <i>Malice</i> is +direct, pressing toward a result; <i>malignity</i> is deep, lingering, and +venomous, tho often impotent to act; <i>rancor</i> (akin to <i>rancid</i>) +is cherished <i>malignity</i> that has soured and festered and is virulent +and implacable. <i>Spite</i> is petty <i>malice</i> that delights to inflict stinging +pain; <i>grudge</i> is deeper than <i>spite</i>; it is sinister and bitter; +<i>grudge</i>, <i>resentment</i>, and <i>revenge</i> are all retaliatory, <i>grudge</i> being +the disposition, <i>revenge</i> the determination to repay real or supposed +offense with injury; <i>revenge</i> may denote also the retaliatory act; +<i>resentment</i>, the best word of the three, always holds itself to be<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> +justifiable, but looks less certainly to action than <i>grudge</i> or <i>revenge</i>. +Simple goodness may arouse the <i>hatred</i> of the wicked; they will +be moved to <i>revenge</i> only by what they deem an injury or affront. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOMINATION">ABOMINATION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIPATHY">ANTIPATHY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOVE">LOVE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HAVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be in possession of,</td><td>hold,</td><td>occupy,</td><td>own,</td><td>possess.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">be possessed of,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Have</i> is the most general word, and is applied to whatever belongs +to or is connected with one; a man <i>has</i> a head or a head-ache, +a fortune or an opinion, a friend or an enemy; he <i>has</i> time, +or <i>has</i> need; he may be said to <i>have</i> what is his own, what he has +borrowed, what has been entrusted to him, or what he has stolen. +To <i>possess</i> a thing is to <i>have</i> the ownership with control and enjoyment +of it. To <i>hold</i> is to <i>have</i> in one's hand, or securely in +one's control; a man <i>holds</i> his friend's coat for a moment, or he +<i>holds</i> a struggling horse; he <i>holds</i> a promissory note, or <i>holds</i> an +office. To <i>own</i> is to <i>have</i> the right of property in; to <i>possess</i> is to +<i>have</i> that right in actual exercise; to <i>occupy</i> is to <i>have</i> possession +and use, with some degree of permanency, with or without ownership. +A man <i>occupies</i> his own house or a room in a hotel; a +man may <i>own</i> a farm of which he is not in possession because a +tenant <i>occupies</i> it and is determined to <i>hold</i> it; the proprietor <i>owns</i> +the property, but the tenant <i>is in possession</i>. To <i>be in possession</i> +differs from <i>possess</i> in that to <i>possess</i> denotes both right and +fact, while to <i>be in possession</i> denotes simply the fact with no +affirmation as to the right. To <i>have</i> reason is to be endowed +with the faculty; to <i>be in possession of</i> one's reason denotes that +the faculty is in actual present exercise.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HAZARD" id="HAZARD"></a>HAZARD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accident,</td><td>chance,</td><td>danger,</td><td>jeopardy,</td><td>risk,</td></tr> +<tr><td>casualty,</td><td>contingency,</td><td>fortuity,</td><td>peril,</td><td>venture.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Hazard</i> is the incurring the possibility of loss or harm for the +possibility of benefit; <i>danger</i> may have no compensating alternative. +In <i>hazard</i> the possibilities of gain or loss are nearly balanced; +in <i>risk</i> the possibility of loss is the chief thought; the foolhardy +take great <i>risks</i> in mere wantonness; in <i>chance</i> and <i>venture</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span> +the hope of good predominates; we speak of a merchant's <i>venture</i>, +but of an insurance company's <i>risk</i>; one may be driven by circumstances +to run a <i>risk</i>; he freely seeks a <i>venture</i>; we speak of +the <i>chance</i> of winning, the <i>hazard</i> or <i>risk</i> of losing. <i>Accidents</i> +are incalculable; <i>casualties</i> may be to a certain extent anticipated; +death and wounds are <i>casualties</i> of battle, certain to happen +to some, but uncertain as to whom or how many. A <i>contingency</i> +is simply an indeterminable future event, which may or may +not be attended with <i>danger</i> or <i>risk</i>. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCIDENT">ACCIDENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DANGER">DANGER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>necessity,</td><td>protection,</td><td>safety,</td><td rowspan="2">surety.</td></tr> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>plan,</td><td>safeguard,</td><td>security,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HEALTHY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hale,</td><td>hygienic,</td><td>sanitary,</td><td>vigorous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>healthful,</td><td>salubrious,</td><td>sound,</td><td>well,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hearty,</td><td>salutary,</td><td>strong,</td><td>wholesome.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Healthy</i> is most correctly used to signify possessing or enjoying +health or its results; as, a <i>healthy</i> person; a <i>healthy</i> condition. +<i>Healthful</i> signifies promotive of health, tending or adapted to confer, +preserve, or promote health; as, a <i>healthful</i> climate. <i>Wholesome</i> +food in a <i>healthful</i> climate makes a <i>healthy</i> man. With +<i>healthful</i> are ranged the words <i>hygienic</i>, <i>salubrious</i>, <i>salutary</i>, <i>sanitary</i>, +and <i>wholesome</i>, while the other words are associated with +<i>healthy</i>. <i>Salubrious</i> is always used in the physical sense, and is +chiefly applied to air or climate. <i>Salutary</i> is now chiefly used in +the moral sense; as, a <i>salutary</i> lesson.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>delicate,</td><td>failing,</td><td>ill,</td><td>unsound,</td><td>worn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diseased,</td><td>fainting,</td><td>sick,</td><td>wasted,</td><td>worn down,</td></tr> +<tr><td>emaciated,</td><td>fragile,</td><td>unhealthy,</td><td>weak,</td><td>worn out.</td></tr> +<tr><td>exhausted,</td><td colspan="4">frail,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HELP" id="HELP"></a>HELP.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abet,</td><td>befriend,</td><td>foster,</td><td>succor,</td><td rowspan="3">uphold.</td></tr> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>cooperate,</td><td>second,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assist,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>stand by,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Help</i> expresses greater dependence and deeper need than <i>aid</i>. +In extremity we say "God <i>help</i> me!" rather than "God <i>aid</i> me!" +In time of danger we cry "<i>help! help!</i>" rather than "<i>aid! aid!</i>" +To <i>aid</i> is to <i>second</i> another's own exertions. We can speak of +<i>helping</i> the helpless, but not of <i>aiding</i> them. <i>Help</i> includes <i>aid</i>, +but <i>aid</i> may fall short of the meaning of <i>help</i>. In law to <i>aid</i> or +<i>abet</i> makes one a principal. (Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>.)<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +To <i>cooperate</i> is to <i>aid</i> as an equal; to <i>assist</i> implies a subordinate +and secondary relation. One <i>assists</i> a fallen friend to rise; he <i>cooperates</i> +with him in helping others. <i>Encourage</i> refers to mental +<i>aid</i>, as <i>uphold</i> now usually does; <i>succor</i> and <i>support</i>, oftenest +to material assistance. We <i>encourage</i> the timid or despondent, +<i>succor</i> the endangered, <i>support</i> the weak, <i>uphold</i> those who else +might be shaken or cast down. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABET">ABET</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PROMOTE">PROMOTE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>counteract,</td><td>discourage,</td><td>oppose,</td><td>resist,</td><td>thwart,</td><td>withstand.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Help <i>in</i> an enterprise <i>with</i> money; help <i>to</i> success; <i>against</i> +the enemy.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HERETIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dissenter,</td><td>heresiarch,</td><td>non-conformist,</td><td>schismatic.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Etymologically, a <i>heretic</i> is one who takes or chooses his own +belief, instead of the belief of his church; hence, a <i>heretic</i> is one +who denies commonly accepted views, or who holds opinions contrary +to the recognized standard or tenets of any established religious, +philosophical, or other system, school, or party; the religious +sense of the word is the predominant one; a <i>schismatic</i> is +primarily one who produces a split or rent in the church. A <i>heretic</i> +differs in doctrine from the religious body with which he is connected; +a <i>schismatic</i> differs in doctrine or practise, or in both. A +<i>heretic</i> may be reticent, or even silent; a <i>schismatic</i> introduces +divisions. A <i>heresiarch</i> is the author of a heresy or the leader of +a heretical party, and is thus at once a <i>heretic</i> and a <i>schismatic</i>. +With advancing ideas of religious liberty, the odious sense once +attached to these words is largely modified, and <i>heretic</i> is often +used playfully. <i>Dissenter</i> and <i>non-conformist</i> are terms specifically +applied to English subjects who hold themselves aloof from +the Church of England; the former term is extended to non-adherents +of the established church in some other countries, as +Russia.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HETEROGENEOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>confused,</td><td>mingled,</td><td>unhomogeneous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conglomerate,</td><td>miscellaneous,</td><td>unlike,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discordant,</td><td>mixed,</td><td>variant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dissimilar,</td><td>non-homogeneous,</td><td>various.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Substances quite <i>unlike</i> are <i>heterogeneous</i> as regards each other. +A <i>heterogeneous</i> mixture is one whose constituents are not only<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +unlike in kind, but unevenly distributed; cement is composed of +substances such as lime, sand, and clay, which are <i>heterogeneous</i> +as regards each other, but the cement is said to be homogeneous +if the different constituents are evenly mixed throughout, so that +any one portion of the mixture is exactly like any other. A substance +may fail of being homogeneous and yet not be <i>heterogeneous</i>, +in which case it is said to be <i>non-homogeneous</i> or <i>unhomogeneous</i>; +a bar of iron that contains flaws, air-bubbles, etc., or for +any other reason is not of uniform structure and density throughout, +tho no foreign substance be mixed with the iron, is said +to be <i>non-homogeneous</i>. A <i>miscellaneous</i> mixture may or may +not be <i>heterogeneous</i>; if the objects are alike in kind, but different +in size, form, quality, use, etc., and without special order or relation, +the collection is <i>miscellaneous</i>; if the objects differ in kind, +such a mixture is also, and more strictly, <i>heterogeneous</i>; a pile of +unassorted lumber is <i>miscellaneous</i>; the contents of a school-boy's +pocket are commonly <i>miscellaneous</i> and might usually be termed +<i>heterogeneous</i> as well. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alike,</td><td>homogeneous,</td><td>identical,</td><td>like,</td><td>pure,</td><td>same,</td><td>similar,</td><td>uniform.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HIDE" id="HIDE"></a>HIDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bury,</td><td>cover,</td><td>entomb,</td><td>overwhelm,</td><td>suppress,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloak,</td><td>disguise,</td><td>inter,</td><td>screen,</td><td>veil.</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceal,</td><td>dissemble,</td><td>mask,</td><td colspan="2">secrete.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Hide</i> is the general term, including all the rest, signifying to +put out of sight or beyond ready observation or approach; a +thing may be <i>hidden</i> by intention, by accident, or by the imperfection +of the faculties of the one from whom it is <i>hidden</i>; +in their games, children <i>hide</i> the slipper, or <i>hide</i> themselves from +each other; a man unconsciously <i>hides</i> a picture from another by +standing before it, or <i>hides</i> a thing from himself by laying something +else over it. Even an unconscious object may <i>hide</i> another; +as, a cloud <i>hides</i> the sun, or a building <i>hides</i> some part of the +prospect by intervening between it and the observer's position. +As an act of persons, to <i>conceal</i> is always intentional; one may +<i>hide</i> his face in anger, grief, or abstraction; he <i>conceals</i> his face +when he fears recognition. A house is <i>hidden</i> by foliage; the +bird's nest is artfully <i>concealed</i>. <i>Secrete</i> is a stronger word than +<i>conceal</i>, and is used chiefly of such material objects as may be +separated from the person, or from their ordinary surroundings,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> +and put in unlooked-for places; a man <i>conceals</i> a scar on his face, +but does not <i>secrete</i> it; a thief <i>secretes</i> stolen goods; an officer +may also be said to <i>secrete</i> himself to watch the thief. A thing is +<i>covered</i> by putting something over or around it, whether by accident +or design; it is <i>screened</i> by putting something before it, +always with some purpose of protection from observation, inconvenience, +attack, censure, etc. In the figurative use, a person +may <i>hide</i> honorable feelings; he <i>conceals</i> an evil or hostile intent. +Anything which is effectually <i>covered</i> and <i>hidden</i> under any +mass or accumulation is <i>buried</i>. Money is <i>buried</i> in the ground; +a body is <i>buried</i> in the sea; a paper is <i>buried</i> under other documents. +Whatever is <i>buried</i> is <i>hidden</i> or <i>concealed</i>; but there +are many ways of <i>hiding</i> or <i>concealing</i> a thing without <i>burying</i> +it. So a person may be <i>covered</i> with wraps, and not <i>buried</i> under +them. <i>Bury</i> may be used of any object, <i>entomb</i> and <i>inter</i> only of +a dead body. Figuratively, one may be said to be <i>buried</i> in business, +in study, etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMMERSE">IMMERSE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PALLIATE">PALLIATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admit,</td><td>disclose,</td><td>exhume,</td><td>manifest,</td><td>show,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advertise,</td><td>discover,</td><td>expose,</td><td>promulgate,</td><td>tell,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avow,</td><td>disinter,</td><td>lay bare,</td><td>publish,</td><td>uncover,</td></tr> +<tr><td>betray,</td><td>divulge,</td><td>lay open,</td><td>raise,</td><td>unmask,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confess,</td><td>exhibit,</td><td>make known, reveal,</td><td>unveil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HIGH" id="HIGH"></a>HIGH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>elevated,</td><td>exalted,</td><td>noble,</td><td>steep,</td><td>towering,</td></tr> +<tr><td>eminent,</td><td>lofty,</td><td>proud,</td><td>tall,</td><td>uplifted.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Deep</i>, while an antonym of <i>high</i> in usage, may apply to the +very same distance simply measured in an opposite direction, <i>high</i> +applying to vertical distance measured from below upward, and +<i>deep</i> to vertical distance measured from above downward; as, a +<i>deep</i> valley nestling between <i>high</i> mountains. <i>High</i> is a relative +term signifying greatly raised above any object, base, or surface, +in comparison with what is usual, or with some standard; a table +is <i>high</i> if it exceeds thirty inches; a hill is not <i>high</i> at a hundred +feet. That is <i>tall</i> whose height is greatly in excess of its breadth +or diameter, and whose actual height is great for an object of its +kind; as, a <i>tall</i> tree; a <i>tall</i> man; <i>tall</i> grass. That is <i>lofty</i> which +is imposing or majestic in height; we term a spire <i>tall</i> with reference +to its altitude, or <i>lofty</i> with reference to its majestic appearance. +That is <i>elevated</i> which is raised somewhat above its surroundings; +that is <i>eminent</i> which is far above them; as, an <i>elevated</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> +platform; an <i>eminent</i> promontory. In the figurative sense, <i>elevated</i> +is less than <i>eminent</i>, and this less than <i>exalted</i>; we speak of <i>high</i>, +<i>lofty</i>, or <i>elevated</i> thoughts, aims, etc., in the good sense, but sometimes +of <i>high</i> feelings, looks, words, etc., in the invidious sense +of haughty or arrogant. A <i>high</i> ambition may be merely selfish; +a <i>lofty</i> ambition is worthy and <i>noble</i>. <i>Towering</i>, in the literal +sense compares with <i>lofty</i> and majestic; but in the figurative +sense, its use is almost always invidious; as, a <i>towering</i> passion; +a <i>towering</i> ambition disregards and crushes all opposing considerations, +however rational, lovely, or holy. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#STEEP">STEEP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>base,</td><td>deep,</td><td>degraded,</td><td>depressed,</td><td>dwarfed,</td><td>inferior,</td><td>low,</td><td>mean,</td><td>short,</td><td>stunted.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HINDER" id="HINDER"></a>HINDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>baffle,</td><td>clog,</td><td>foil,</td><td>obstruct,</td><td>retard,</td></tr> +<tr><td>balk,</td><td>counteract,</td><td>frustrate,</td><td>oppose,</td><td>stay,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bar,</td><td>delay,</td><td>hamper,</td><td>prevent,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>block,</td><td>embarrass,</td><td>impede,</td><td>resist,</td><td>thwart.</td></tr> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>encumber,</td><td colspan="3">interrupt,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>hinder</i> is to keep from action, progress, motion, or growth, +or to make such action, progress, motion, or growth later in beginning +or completion than it would otherwise have been. An +action is <i>prevented</i> by anything that comes in before it to make it +impossible; it is <i>hindered</i> by anything that keeps it from either +beginning or ending so soon as it otherwise would, or as expected +or intended. It is more common, however, to say that the start is +<i>delayed</i>, the progress <i>hindered</i>. An action that is <i>hindered</i> does +not take place at the appointed or appropriate time; that which is +<i>prevented</i> does not take place at all; to <i>hinder</i> a thing long enough +may amount to <i>preventing</i> it. A railroad-train may be <i>hindered</i> +by a snow-storm from arriving on time; it may by special order +be <i>prevented</i> from starting. To <i>retard</i> is simply to make slow by +any means whatever. To <i>obstruct</i> is to <i>hinder</i>, or possibly to <i>prevent</i> +advance or passage by putting something in the way; to <i>oppose</i> +or <i>resist</i> is to <i>hinder</i>, or possibly to <i>prevent</i> by directly contrary +or hostile action, <i>resist</i> being the stronger term and having +more suggestion of physical force; <i>obstructed</i> roads <i>hinder</i> the +march of an enemy, tho there may be no force strong enough to +<i>oppose</i> it; one <i>opposes</i> a measure, a motion, an amendment, or +the like; it is a criminal offense to <i>resist</i> an officer in the discharge +of his duty; the physical system may <i>resist</i> the attack of disease<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> +or the action of a remedy. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONQUER">CONQUER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMPEDIMENT">IMPEDIMENT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSTRUCT">OBSTRUCT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#QUICKEN">QUICKEN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Hinder one <i>in</i> his progress; <i>from</i> acting promptly; <i>by</i> +opposition.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HISTORY" id="HISTORY"></a>HISTORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>biography,</td><td>muniment,</td><td>record,</td></tr> +<tr><td>annals,</td><td>chronicle,</td><td>narration,</td><td>register,</td></tr> +<tr><td>archives,</td><td>memoir,</td><td>narrative,</td><td>story.</td></tr> +<tr><td>autobiography,</td><td>memorial,</td><td colspan="2">recital,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>History</i> is a systematic record of past events. <i>Annals</i> and +<i>chronicles</i> relate events with little regard to their relative importance, +and with complete subserviency to their succession in time. +<i>Annals</i> are yearly records; <i>chronicles</i> follow the order of time. +Both necessarily lack emphasis, selection, and perspective. <i>Archives</i> +are public <i>records</i>, which may be <i>annals</i>, or <i>chronicles</i>, or +deeds of property, etc. <i>Memoirs</i> generally record the lives of individuals +or facts pertaining to individual lives. A <i>biography</i> is +distinctively a written <i>account</i> of one person's life and actions; an +<i>autobiography</i> is a <i>biography</i> written by the person whose life it +records. <i>Annals</i>, <i>archives</i>, <i>chronicles</i>, <i>biographies</i>, and <i>memoirs</i> +and other <i>records</i> furnish the materials of <i>history</i>. <i>History</i> recounts +events with careful attention to their importance, their +mutual relations, their causes and consequences, selecting and +grouping events on the ground of interest or importance. <i>History</i> +is usually applied to such an <i>account</i> of events affecting communities +and nations, tho sometimes we speak of the <i>history</i> of a +single eminent life. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#RECORD">RECORD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#FICTION">FICTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HOLY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blessed,</td><td>devoted,</td><td>hallowed,</td><td>saintly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consecrated,</td><td>divine,</td><td>sacred,</td><td>set apart.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sacred</i> is applied to that which is to be regarded as inviolable +on any account, and so is not restricted to divine things; therefore +in its lower applications it is less than <i>holy</i>. That which is <i>sacred</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> +may be made so by institution, decree, or association; that which +is <i>holy</i> is so by its own nature, possessing intrinsic moral purity, +and, in the highest sense, absolute moral perfection. God is <i>holy</i>; +his commands are <i>sacred</i>. <i>Holy</i> may be applied also to that which +is <i>hallowed</i>; as, "the place whereon thou standest is <i>holy</i> ground," +<i>Ex.</i> iii, 5. In such use <i>holy</i> is more than <i>sacred</i>, as if the very +qualities of a spiritual or divine presence were imparted to the +place or object. <i>Divine</i> has been used with great looseness, as +applying to anything eminent or admirable, in the line either of +goodness or of mere power, as to eloquence, music, etc., but there +is a commendable tendency to restrict the word to its higher +sense, as designating that which belongs to or is worthy of the +Divine Being. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERFECT">PERFECT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PURE">PURE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abominable,</td><td>cursed,</td><td>polluted,</td><td>unconsecrated,</td><td>unholy,</td><td>wicked,</td></tr> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>impure,</td><td>secular,</td><td>unhallowed,</td><td>unsanctified,</td><td>worldly.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HOME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abode,</td><td>dwelling,</td><td>habitation,</td><td>hearthstone,</td><td>ingleside,</td></tr> +<tr><td>domicil,</td><td>fireside,</td><td>hearth,</td><td>house,</td><td>residence.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abode</i>, <i>dwelling</i>, and <i>habitation</i> are used with little difference +of meaning to denote the place where one habitually lives; <i>abode</i> +and <i>habitation</i> belong to the poetic or elevated style. Even +<i>dwelling</i> is not used in familiar speech; a person says "my +<i>house</i>," "my <i>home</i>," or more formally "my <i>residence</i>." <i>Home</i>, +from the Anglo-Saxon, denoting originally a <i>dwelling</i>, came to +mean an endeared <i>dwelling</i> as the scene of domestic love and +happy and cherished family life, a sense to which there is an increasing +tendency to restrict the word—desirably so, since we +have other words to denote the mere dwelling-place; we say +"The wretched tenement could not be called <i>home</i>," or "The +humble cabin was dear to him as the <i>home</i> of his childhood."</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0"><i>Home</i>'s not merely four square walls,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Tho with pictures hung and gilded;<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Home</i> is where affection calls—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Where its shrine the heart has builded.<br /></span> +</div> + +<p class="noin">Thus the word comes to signify any place of rest and peace, and +especially heaven, as the soul's peaceful and eternal dwelling-place.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span></p> + +<h3>HONEST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>candid,</td><td>frank,</td><td>ingenuous,</td><td>true,</td></tr> +<tr><td>equitable,</td><td>genuine,</td><td>just,</td><td>trustworthy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fair,</td><td>good,</td><td>sincere,</td><td>trusty,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faithful,</td><td>honorable,</td><td>straightforward,</td><td>upright.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One who is <i>honest</i> in the ordinary sense acts or is always disposed +to act with careful regard for the rights of others, especially +in matters of business or property; one who is <i>honorable</i> scrupulously +observes the dictates of a personal honor that is higher than +any demands of mercantile law or public opinion, and will do +nothing unworthy of his own inherent nobility of soul. The <i>honest</i> +man does not steal, cheat, or defraud; the <i>honorable</i> man will +not take an unfair advantage that would be allowed him, or will +make a sacrifice which no one could require of him, when his own +sense of right demands it. One who is <i>honest</i> in the highest and +fullest sense is scrupulously careful to adhere to all known truth +and right even in thought. In this sense <i>honest</i> differs from <i>honorable</i> +as having regard rather to absolute truth and right than to +even the highest personal honor. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CANDID">CANDID</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#JUSTICE">JUSTICE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deceitful,</td><td>faithless,</td><td>hypocritical,</td><td>perfidious,</td><td>unfaithful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dishonest,</td><td>false,</td><td>lying,</td><td>traitorous,</td><td>unscrupulous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disingenuous,</td><td>fraudulent,</td><td>mendacious,</td><td>treacherous,</td><td>untrue.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HORIZONTAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>even,</td><td>flat,</td><td>level,</td><td>plain,</td><td>plane.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Horizontal</i> signifies in the direction of or parallel to the horizon. +For practical purposes <i>level</i> and <i>horizontal</i> are identical, +tho <i>level</i>, as the more popular word, is more loosely used of that +which has no especially noticeable elevations or inequalities; as, +a <i>level</i> road. <i>Flat</i>, according to its derivation from the Anglo-Saxon +<i>flet</i>, a floor, applies to a surface only, and, in the first and +most usual sense, to a surface that is <i>horizontal</i> or <i>level</i> in all directions; +a line may be <i>level</i>, a floor is <i>flat</i>; <i>flat</i> is also applied in +a derived sense to any <i>plane</i> surface without irregularities or elevations, +as a picture may be painted on the <i>flat</i> surface of a perpendicular +wall. <i>Plane</i> applies only to a surface, and is used +with more mathematical exactness than <i>flat</i>. The adjective +<i>plain</i>, originally the same word as <i>plane</i>, is now rarely used except +in the figurative senses, but the original sense appears in the +noun, as we speak of "a wide <i>plain</i>." We speak of a <i>horizontal</i> +line, a <i>flat</i> morass, a <i>level</i> road, a <i>plain</i> country, a <i>plane</i> surface<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> +(especially in the scientific sense). That which is <i>level</i> may not +be <i>even</i>, and that which is <i>even</i> may not be <i>level</i>; a <i>level</i> road may +be very rough; a slope may be <i>even</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>broken,</td><td>inclined,</td><td>rolling,</td><td>rugged,</td><td>sloping,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hilly,</td><td>irregular,</td><td>rough,</td><td>slanting,</td><td>uneven.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HUMANE" id="HUMANE"></a>HUMANE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>benevolent,</td><td>compassionate,</td><td>human,</td><td>pitying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benignant,</td><td>forgiving,</td><td>kind,</td><td>sympathetic,</td></tr> +<tr><td>charitable,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>kind-hearted,</td><td>tender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clement,</td><td>gracious,</td><td>merciful,</td><td>tender-hearted.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Human</i> denotes what pertains to mankind, with no suggestion +as to its being good or evil; as, the <i>human</i> race; <i>human</i> qualities; +we speak of <i>human</i> achievements, virtues, or excellences, <i>human</i> +follies, vices, or crimes. <i>Humane</i> denotes what may rightly be +expected of mankind at its best in the treatment of sentient beings; +a <i>humane</i> enterprise or endeavor is one that is intended to prevent +or relieve suffering. The <i>humane</i> man will not needlessly inflict +pain upon the meanest thing that lives; a <i>merciful</i> man is disposed +to withhold or mitigate the suffering even of the guilty. The <i>compassionate</i> +man sympathizes with and desires to relieve actual +suffering, while one who is <i>humane</i> would forestall and prevent +the suffering which he sees to be possible. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MERCY">MERCY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PITIFUL">PITIFUL</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PITY">PITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BARBAROUS">BARBAROUS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HUNT" id="HUNT"></a>HUNT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chase,</td><td>hunting,</td><td>inquisition,</td><td>pursuit,</td><td>search.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>hunt</i> may be either the act of pursuing or the act of seeking, +or a combination of the two. A <i>chase</i> or <i>pursuit</i> is after that +which is fleeing or departing; a <i>search</i> is for that which is hidden; +a <i>hunt</i> may be for that which is either hidden or fleeing; a <i>search</i> +is a minute and careful seeking, and is especially applied to a locality; +we make a <i>search</i> of or through a house, for an object, in +which connection it would be colloquial to say a <i>hunt</i>. <i>Hunt</i> +never quite loses its association with field-sports, where it includes +both <i>search</i> and <i>chase</i>; the <i>search</i> till the game is hunted +out, and the <i>chase</i> till it is hunted down. Figuratively, we speak +of literary <i>pursuits</i>, or of the <i>pursuit</i> of knowledge; a <i>search</i> for<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> +reasons; the <i>chase</i> of fame or honor; <i>hunt</i>, in figurative use, inclines +to the unfavorable sense of <i>inquisition</i>, but with more of +dash and aggressiveness; as, a <i>hunt</i> for heresy.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HYPOCRISY" id="HYPOCRISY"></a>HYPOCRISY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affectation,</td><td>formalism,</td><td>pretense,</td><td>sanctimony,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cant,</td><td>pharisaism,</td><td>sanctimoniousness,</td><td>sham.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dissimulation,</td><td colspan="3">pietism,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pretense</i> (L. <i>prætendo</i>) primarily signifies the holding something +forward as having certain rights or claims, whether truly or +falsely; in the good sense, it is now rarely used except with a negative; +as, there can be no <i>pretense</i> that this is due; a false <i>pretense</i> +implies the possibility of a true <i>pretense</i>; but, alone and +unlimited, <i>pretense</i> commonly signifies the offering of something +for what it is not. <i>Hypocrisy</i> is the false <i>pretense</i> of moral excellence, +either as a cover for actual wrong, or for the sake of the +credit and advantage attaching to virtue. <i>Cant</i> (L. <i>cantus</i>, a song), +primarily the singsong iteration of the language of any party, +school, or sect, denotes the mechanical and pretentious use of religious +phraseology, without corresponding feeling or character; +<i>sanctimoniousness</i> is the assumption of a saintly manner without a +saintly character. As <i>cant</i> is <i>hypocrisy</i> in utterance, so <i>sanctimoniousness</i> +is <i>hypocrisy</i> in appearance, as in looks, tones, etc. <i>Pietism</i>, +originally a word of good import, is now chiefly used for an +unregulated emotionalism; <i>formalism</i> is an exaggerated devotion +to forms, rites, and ceremonies, without corresponding earnestness +of heart; <i>sham</i> (identical in origin with <i>shame</i>) is a trick or +device that puts one to shame, or that shamefully disappoints expectation +or falsifies appearance. <i>Affectation</i> is in matters of +intellect, taste, etc., much what <i>hypocrisy</i> is in morals and religion; +<i>affectation</i> might be termed petty <i>hypocrisy</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DECEPTION">DECEPTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>candor,</td><td>genuineness,</td><td>ingenuousness,</td><td>sincerity,</td><td>truth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>frankness,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>openness,</td><td>transparency,</td><td>truthfulness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>HYPOCRITE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cheat,</td><td>deceiver,</td><td>dissembler,</td><td>impostor,</td><td>pretender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>hypocrite</i> (Gr. <i>hypokrites</i>, one who answers on the stage, an +actor, especially a mimic actor) is one who acts a false part, or +assumes a character other than the real. <i>Deceiver</i> is the most<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> +comprehensive term, including all the other words of the group. +The <i>deceiver</i> seeks to give false impressions of any matter where +he has an end to gain; the <i>dissembler</i> or <i>hypocrite</i> seeks to give +false impressions in regard to himself. The <i>dissembler</i> is content +if he can keep some base conduct or evil purpose from being discovered; +the <i>hypocrite</i> seeks not merely to cover his vices, but to +gain credit for virtue. The <i>cheat</i> and <i>impostor</i> endeavor to make +something out of those they may deceive. The <i>cheat</i> is the inferior +and more mercenary, as the thimble-rig gambler; the <i>impostor</i> +may aspire to a fortune or a throne. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOCRISY">HYPOCRISY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>The antonyms of <i>hypocrite</i> are to be found only in phrases embodying +the adjectives candid, honest, ingenuous, sincere, true, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="HYPOTHESIS" id="HYPOTHESIS"></a>HYPOTHESIS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conjecture,</td><td>scheme,</td><td>supposition,</td><td>system,</td></tr> +<tr><td>guess,</td><td>speculation,</td><td>surmise,</td><td>theory.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>hypothesis</i> is a statement of what is deemed possibly true, +assumed and reasoned upon as if certainly true, with a view of +reaching truth not yet surely known; especially, in the sciences, +a <i>hypothesis</i> is a comprehensive tentative explanation of certain +phenomena, which is meant to include all other facts of the same +class, and which is assumed as true till there has been opportunity +to bring all related facts into comparison; if the <i>hypothesis</i> explains +all the facts, it is regarded as verified; till then it is regarded +as a working <i>hypothesis</i>, that is, one that may answer for +present practical purposes. A <i>hypothesis</i> may be termed a comprehensive +<i>guess</i>. A <i>guess</i> is a swift conclusion from data directly +at hand, and held as probable or tentative, while one confessedly +lacks material for absolute certainty. A <i>conjecture</i> is more methodical +than a <i>guess</i>, while a <i>supposition</i> is still slower and more +settled; a <i>conjecture</i>, like a <i>guess</i>, is preliminary and tentative; a +<i>supposition</i> is more nearly final; a <i>surmise</i> is more floating and +visionary, and often sinister; as, a <i>surmise</i> that a stranger may +be a pickpocket. <i>Theory</i> is used of the mental coordination of +facts and principles, that may or may not prove correct; a machine +may be perfect in <i>theory</i>, but useless in fact. <i>Scheme</i> may +be used as nearly equivalent to <i>theory</i>, but is more frequently +applied to proposed action, and in the sense of a somewhat visionary +plan. A <i>speculation</i> may be wholly of the brain, resting upon<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> +no facts worthy of consideration; <i>system</i> is the highest of these +terms, having most of assurance and fixity; a <i>system</i> unites many +facts, phenomena, or doctrines into an orderly and consistent +whole; we speak of a <i>system</i> of theology, of the Copernican <i>system</i> +of the universe. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SYSTEM">SYSTEM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>demonstration,</td><td>discovery,</td><td>evidence,</td><td>fact,</td><td>proof.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IDEA" id="IDEA"></a>IDEA.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>design,</td><td>impression,</td><td>plan,</td></tr> +<tr><td>archetype,</td><td>fancy,</td><td>judgment,</td><td>purpose,</td></tr> +<tr><td>belief,</td><td>fantasy,</td><td>model,</td><td>sentiment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceit,</td><td>ideal,</td><td>notion,</td><td>supposition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>concept,</td><td>image,</td><td>opinion,</td><td>theory,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conception,</td><td>imagination,</td><td>pattern,</td><td>thought.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Idea</i> is in Greek a <i>form</i> or an <i>image</i>. The word signified in +early philosophical use the <i>archetype</i> or primal <i>image</i> which the +Platonic philosophy supposed to be the <i>model</i> or <i>pattern</i> that +existing objects imperfectly embody. This high sense has nearly +disappeared from the word <i>idea</i>, and has been largely appropriated +by <i>ideal</i>, tho something of the original meaning still appears +when in theological or philosophical language we speak of the <i>ideas</i> +of God. The present popular use of <i>idea</i> makes it to signify any +product of mental <i>apprehension</i> or activity, considered as an object +of knowledge or thought; this coincides with the primitive +sense at but a single point—that an <i>idea</i> is mental as opposed to +anything substantial or physical; thus, almost any mental product, +as a <i>belief</i>, <i>conception</i>, <i>design</i>, <i>opinion</i>, etc., may now be +called an <i>idea</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FANCY">FANCY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEAL">IDEAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actuality,</td><td>fact,</td><td>reality,</td><td>substance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IDEAL" id="IDEAL"></a>IDEAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>archetype,</td><td>model,</td><td rowspan="2">pattern,</td><td rowspan="2">prototype,</td><td rowspan="2">standard.</td></tr> +<tr><td>idea,</td><td>original,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>ideal</i> is that which is conceived or taken as the highest type +of excellence or ultimate object of attainment. The <i>archetype</i> is +the primal form, actual or imaginary, according to which any existing +thing is constructed; the <i>prototype</i> has or has had actual existence; +in the derived sense, as in metrology, a <i>prototype</i> may not +be the original form, but one having equal authority with that as a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span> +<i>standard</i>. An <i>ideal</i> may be primal, or may be slowly developed +even from failures and by negations; an <i>ideal</i> is meant to be perfect, +not merely the thing that has been attained or is to be +attained, but the best conceivable thing that could by possibility +be attained. The artist's <i>ideal</i> is his own mental image, of which +his finished work is but an imperfect expression. The <i>original</i> is the +first specimen, good or bad; the <i>original</i> of a master is superior to +all copies. The <i>standard</i> may be below the <i>ideal</i>. The <i>ideal</i> is +imaginary, and ordinarily unattainable; the <i>standard</i> is concrete, +and ordinarily attainable, being a measure to which all else of its +kind must conform; as, the <i>standard</i> of weights and measures, of +corn, or of cotton. The <i>idea</i> of virtue is the mental concept +or image of virtue in general; the <i>ideal</i> of virtue is the mental concept +or image of virtue in its highest conceivable perfection. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplishment,</td><td>action,</td><td>doing,</td><td>fact,</td><td>practise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>achievement,</td><td>attainment,</td><td>embodiment,</td><td>incarnation,</td><td>reality,</td></tr> +<tr><td>act,</td><td>development,</td><td>execution,</td><td>performance,</td><td>realization.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IDIOCY" id="IDIOCY"></a>IDIOCY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fatuity,</td><td>foolishness,</td><td>incapacity,</td><td rowspan="2">stupidity.</td></tr> +<tr><td>folly,</td><td>imbecility,</td><td>senselessness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Idiocy</i> is a state of mental unsoundness amounting almost or +quite to total absence of understanding. <i>Imbecility</i> is a condition +of mental weakness, which may or may not be as complete as that +of <i>idiocy</i>, but is at least such as to incapacitate for the serious +duties of life. <i>Incapacity</i>, or lack of legal qualification for certain +acts, necessarily results from <i>imbecility</i>, but may also result from +other causes, as from insanity or from age, sex, etc.; as, the <i>incapacity</i> +of a minor to make a contract. <i>Idiocy</i> or <i>imbecility</i> is +weakness of mind, while insanity is disorder or abnormal action +of mind. <i>Folly</i> and <i>foolishness</i> denote a want of mental and +often of moral balance. <i>Fatuity</i> is sometimes used as equivalent +to <i>idiocy</i>, but more frequently signifies conceited and excessive +<i>foolishness</i> or <i>folly</i>. <i>Stupidity</i> is dulness and slowness of mental +action which may range all the way from lack of normal readiness +to absolute <i>imbecility</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INSANITY">INSANITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acuteness,</td><td>brilliancy,</td><td>common sense,</td><td>sagacity,</td><td>soundness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>astuteness,</td><td>capacity,</td><td>intelligence,</td><td>sense,</td><td>wisdom.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="IDLE" id="IDLE"></a>IDLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>inactive,</td><td>inert,</td><td>slothful,</td><td>trifling,</td><td>unoccupied,</td></tr> +<tr><td>indolent,</td><td>lazy,</td><td>sluggish,</td><td>unemployed,</td><td>vacant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Idle</i> in all uses rests upon its root meaning, as derived from +the Anglo-Saxon <i>idel</i>, which signifies vain, empty, useless. <i>Idle</i> +thus denotes not primarily the absence of action, but vain action—the +absence of useful, effective action; the <i>idle</i> schoolboy may +be very actively whittling his desk or tormenting his neighbors. +Doing nothing whatever is the secondary meaning of <i>idle</i>. One +may be temporarily <i>idle</i> of necessity; if he is habitually <i>idle</i>, it is +his own fault. <i>Lazy</i> signifies indisposed to exertion, averse to +labor; idleness is in fact; laziness is in disposition or inclination. +A <i>lazy</i> person may chance to be employed in useful work, but he +acts without energy or impetus. We speak figuratively of a <i>lazy</i> +stream. The <i>inert</i> person seems like dead matter (characterized +by inertia), powerless to move; the <i>sluggish</i> moves heavily and +toilsomely; the most active person may sometimes find the bodily +or mental powers <i>sluggish</i>. <i>Slothful</i> belongs in the moral realm, +denoting a self-indulgent aversion to exertion. "The <i>slothful</i> +hideth his hand in his bosom; it grieveth him to bring it again to +his mouth," <i>Prov.</i> xxvi, 15. <i>Indolent</i> is a milder term for the +same quality; the <i>slothful</i> man hates action; the <i>indolent</i> man +loves inaction. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#VAIN">VAIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>active,</td><td>busy,</td><td>diligent,</td><td>employed,</td><td>industrious,</td><td>occupied,</td><td>working.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IGNORANT" id="IGNORANT"></a>IGNORANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ill-informed,</td><td>unenlightened,</td><td>unlearned,</td><td>untaught,</td></tr> +<tr><td>illiterate,</td><td>uninformed,</td><td>unlettered,</td><td>untutored.</td></tr> +<tr><td>uneducated,</td><td>uninstructed,</td><td colspan="2">unskilled,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Ignorant</i> signifies destitute of education or knowledge, or +lacking knowledge or information; it is thus a relative term. +The most learned man is still <i>ignorant</i> of many things; persons +are spoken of as <i>ignorant</i> who have not the knowledge that has +become generally diffused in the world; the <i>ignorant</i> savage may +be well instructed in matters of the field and the chase, and is thus +more properly <i>untutored</i> than <i>ignorant</i>. <i>Illiterate</i> is without +letters and the knowledge that comes through reading. <i>Unlettered</i> +is similar in meaning to <i>illiterate</i>, but less absolute; the <i>unlettered</i> +man may have acquired the art of reading and writing and some +elementary knowledge; the <i>uneducated</i> man has never taken any<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span> +systematic course of mental training. <i>Ignorance</i> is relative; <i>illiteracy</i> +is absolute; we have statistics of <i>illiteracy</i>; no statistics of +<i>ignorance</i> are possible.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>educated,</td><td>instructed,</td><td>learned,</td><td>sage,</td><td>skilled,</td><td>trained,</td><td>well-informed,</td><td>wise.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IMAGINATION" id="IMAGINATION"></a>IMAGINATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fancy,</td><td>fantasy,</td><td>phantasy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The old psychology treated of the <i>Reproductive Imagination</i>, +which simply reproduces the images that the mind has in any way +acquired, and the <i>Productive Imagination</i> which modifies and +combines mental images so as to produce what is virtually new. +To this <i>Reproductive Imagination</i> President Noah Porter and +others have given the name of <i>phantasy</i> or <i>fantasy</i> (many psychologists +preferring the former spelling). <i>Phantasy</i> or <i>fantasy</i>, +so understood, presents numerous and varied images, often combining +them into new forms with exceeding vividness, yet without +any true constructive power, but with the mind adrift, blindly +and passively following the laws of association, and with reason +and will in torpor; the mental images being perhaps as varied and +as vivid, but also as purposeless and unsystematized as the visual +images in a kaleidoscope; such <i>fantasy</i> (often loosely called <i>imagination</i>) +appears in dreaming, reverie, somnambulism, and intoxication. +<i>Fantasy</i> in ordinary usage simply denotes capricious +or erratic <i>fancy</i>, as appears in the adjective <i>fantastic</i>. <i>Imagination</i> +and <i>fancy</i> differ from <i>fantasy</i> in bringing the images and +their combinations under the control of the will; <i>imagination</i> is +the broader and higher term, including <i>fancy</i>; <i>imagination</i> is the +act or power of imaging or of reimaging objects of perception +or thought, of combining the products of knowledge in modified, +new, or ideal forms—the creative or constructive power +of the mind; while <i>fancy</i> is the act or power of forming pleasing, +graceful, whimsical, or odd mental images, or of combining +them with little regard to rational processes of construction; +<i>imagination</i> in its lower form. Both <i>fancy</i> and <i>imagination</i> +recombine and modify mental images; either may work with the +other's materials; <i>imagination</i> may glorify the tiniest flower; +<i>fancy</i> may play around a mountain or a star; the one great distinction +between them is that <i>fancy</i> is superficial, while <i>imagination</i> +is deep, essential, spiritual. Wordsworth, who was the first<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> +clearly to draw the distinction between the <i>fancy</i> and the <i>imagination</i>, +states it as follows:</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>To aggregate and to associate, to evoke and to combine, belong as well to the +<i>imagination</i> as to the <i>fancy</i>; but either the materials evoked and combined are different; +or they are brought together under a different law, and for a different purpose. +<i>Fancy</i> does not require that the materials which she makes use of should be +susceptible of changes in their constitution from her touch; and where they admit of +modification, it is enough for her purpose if it be slight, limited, and evanescent. +Directly the reverse of these are the desires and demands of the <i>imagination</i>. She +recoils from everything but the plastic, the pliant, and the indefinite. She leaves it +to <i>fancy</i> to describe Queen Mab as coming:</p> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">'In shape no bigger than an agate stone<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On the forefinger of an alderman.'<br /></span> +</div> + +<p>Having to speak of stature, she does not tell you that her gigantic angel was as tall +as Pompey's Pillar; much less that he was twelve cubits or twelve hundred cubits +high; or that his dimensions equalled those of Teneriffe or Atlas; because these, and +if they were a million times as high, it would be the same, are bounded. The expression +is, 'His stature reached the sky!' the illimitable firmament!—When the <i>imagination</i> +frames a comparison, ... a sense of the truth of the likeness from the +moment that it is perceived grows—and continues to grow—upon the mind; the resemblance +depending less upon outline of form and feature than upon expression +and effect, less upon casual and outstanding than upon inherent and internal properties.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> + +<p class="tdr"><i>Poetical Works, Pref. to Ed. of 1815</i>, p. 646, app. [<span class="smcl">T. & H.</span> '51.]</p></div> + +<p>So far as actual images are concerned, both <i>fancy</i> and <i>imagination</i> +are limited to the materials furnished by the external world; +it is remarkable that among all the representations of gods or +demigods, fiends and demons, griffins and chimæras, the human +mind has never invented one organ or attribute that is not presented +in human or animal life; the lion may have a human head +and an eagle's wings and claws, but in the various features, +individually, there is absolutely nothing new. But <i>imagination</i> +can transcend the work of <i>fancy</i>, and compare an image drawn +from the external world with some spiritual truth born in the +mind itself, or infuse a series of images with such a spiritual +truth, molding them as needed for its more vivid expression.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>The <i>imagination</i> modifies images, and gives unity to variety; it sees all things in +one.... There is the epic <i>imagination</i>, the perfection of which is in Milton; and +the dramatic, of which Shakspeare is the absolute master.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Coleridge</span> <i>Table Talk</i> June 23, '34.</p></div> + +<p><i>Fancy</i> keeps the material image prominent and clear, and +works not only with it, but for it; <i>imagination</i> always uses the +material object as the minister of something greater than itself,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span> +and often almost loses the object in the spiritual idea with which +she has associated it, and for which alone she values it. <i>Fancy</i> +flits about the surface, and is airy and playful, sometimes petty +and sometimes false; <i>imagination</i> goes to the heart of things, and +is deep, earnest, serious, and seeks always and everywhere for essential +truth. <i>Fancy</i> sets off, variegates, and decorates; <i>imagination</i> +transforms and exalts. <i>Fancy</i> delights and entertains; <i>imagination</i> +moves and thrills. <i>Imagination</i> is not only poetic or +literary, but scientific, philosophical, and practical. By <i>imagination</i> +the architect sees the unity of a building not yet begun, and +the inventor sees the unity and varied interactions of a machine +never yet constructed, even a unity that no human eye ever can +see, since when the machine is in actual motion, one part may +hide the connecting parts, and yet all keep the unity of the inventor's +thought. By <i>imagination</i> a Newton sweeps sun, planets, +and stars into unity with the earth and the apple that is drawn irresistibly +to its surface, and sees them all within the circle of one +grand law. Science, philosophy, and mechanical invention have +little use for <i>fancy</i>, but the creative, penetrative power of <i>imagination</i> +is to them the breath of life, and the condition of all advance +and success. See also <span class="smcl"><a href="#FANCY">FANCY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> The whole discussion from which the quotation is taken is worthy of, and will +well repay, careful study.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3>IMMEDIATELY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>at once,</td><td>instanter,</td><td>presently,</td><td>straightway,</td></tr> +<tr><td>directly,</td><td>instantly,</td><td>right away,</td><td>this instant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>forthwith,</td><td>now,</td><td>right off,</td><td>without delay.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The strong and general human tendency to procrastination is +shown in the progressive weakening of the various words in this +group. <i>Immediately</i> primarily signifies without the intervention +of anything as a medium, hence without the intervention of any, +even the briefest, interval or lapse of time. <i>By and by</i>, which was +once a synonym, has become an antonym of <i>immediately</i>, meaning +at some (perhaps remote) future time. <i>Directly</i>, which once +meant with no intervening time, now means after some little +while; <i>presently</i> no longer means in this very present, but before +very long. Even <i>immediately</i> is sliding from its instantaneousness, +so that we are fain to substitute <i>at once</i>, <i>instantly</i>, etc., +when we would make promptness emphatic. <i>Right away</i> and +<i>right off</i> are vigorous conversational expressions in the United +States.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>after a while,</td><td>by and by,</td><td>hereafter,</td><td>in the future,</td><td>some time.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="IMMERSE" id="IMMERSE"></a>IMMERSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bury,</td><td>dip,</td><td>douse,</td><td>duck,</td><td>immerge,</td><td>plunge,</td><td>sink,</td><td>submerge.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Dip</i> is Saxon, while <i>immerse</i> is Latin for the same initial act; +<i>dip</i> is accordingly the more popular and commonplace, <i>immerse</i> +the more elegant and dignified expression in many cases. To +speak of baptism by immersion as <i>dipping</i> now seems rude; +tho entirely proper and usual in early English. Baptists now +universally use the word <i>immerse</i>. To <i>dip</i> and to <i>immerse</i> alike +signify to <i>bury</i> or <i>submerge</i> some object in a liquid; but <i>dip</i> implies +that the object <i>dipped</i> is at once removed from the liquid, +while <i>immerse</i> is wholly silent as to the removal. <i>Immerse</i> also +suggests more absolute completeness of the action; one may <i>dip</i> +his sleeve or <i>dip</i> a sponge in a liquid, if he but touches the edge; +if he <i>immerses</i> it, he completely <i>sinks</i> it under, and covers it with +the liquid. <i>Submerge</i> implies that the object can not readily be +removed, if at all; as, a <i>submerged</i> wreck. To <i>plunge</i> is to +<i>immerse</i> suddenly and violently, for which <i>douse</i> and <i>duck</i> are +colloquial terms. <i>Dip</i> is used, also, unlike the other words, to +denote the putting of a hollow vessel into a liquid in order to +remove a portion of it; in this sense we say <i>dip up</i>, <i>dip out</i>. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BURY">BURY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The object is immersed <i>in</i> water.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>IMMINENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>impending,</td><td>threatening.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Imminent</i>, from the Latin, with the sense of projecting over, signifies +liable to happen at once, as some calamity, dangerous and +close at hand. <i>Impending</i>, also from the Latin, with the sense of +hanging over, is closely akin to <i>imminent</i>, but somewhat less +emphatic. <i>Imminent</i> is more immediate, <i>impending</i> more remote, +<i>threatening</i> more contingent. An <i>impending</i> evil is almost +sure to happen at some uncertain time, perhaps very near; +an <i>imminent</i> peril is one liable to befall very speedily; a <i>threatening</i> +peril may be near or remote, but always with hope that it +may be averted.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chimerical,</td><td>contingent,</td><td>doubtful,</td><td>improbable,</td><td>problematical,</td><td>unexpected,</td><td>unlikely.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="IMPEDIMENT" id="IMPEDIMENT"></a>IMPEDIMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bar,</td><td>clog,</td><td>encumbrance,</td><td>obstacle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>barrier,</td><td>difficulty,</td><td>hindrance,</td><td>obstruction.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Difficulty</i> makes an undertaking otherwise than easy. That +which rests upon one as a burden is an <i>encumbrance</i>. An <i>impediment</i> +is primarily something that checks the foot or in any way +makes advance slow or difficult; an <i>obstacle</i> is something that +stands across the way, an <i>obstruction</i> something that is built or +placed across the way. An <i>obstruction</i> is always an <i>obstacle</i>, but +an <i>obstacle</i> may not always be properly termed an <i>obstruction</i>; +boxes and bales placed on the sidewalk are <i>obstructions</i> to travel; +an ice-floe is an <i>obstacle</i> to navigation, and may become an <i>obstruction</i> +if it closes an inlet or channel. A <i>hindrance</i> (kindred +with <i>hind</i>, <i>behind</i>) is anything that makes one come behind or +short of his purpose. An <i>impediment</i> may be either what one +finds in his way or what he carries with him; <i>impedimenta</i> was +the Latin name for the baggage of a soldier or of an army. The +tendency is to view an <i>impediment</i> as something constant or, at +least for a time, continuous; as, an <i>impediment</i> in one's speech. +A <i>difficulty</i> or a <i>hindrance</i> may be either within one or without; +a speaker may find <i>difficulty</i> in expressing himself, or <i>difficulty</i> in +holding the attention of restless children. An <i>encumbrance</i> is +always what one carries with him; an <i>obstacle</i> or an <i>obstruction</i> +is always without. To a marching soldier the steepness of a mountain +path is a <i>difficulty</i>, loose stones are <i>impediments</i>, a fence is an +<i>obstruction</i>, a cliff or a boulder across the way is an <i>obstacle</i>; a +knapsack is an <i>encumbrance</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advantage,</td><td>aid,</td><td>assistance,</td><td>benefit,</td><td>help,</td><td>relief,</td><td>succor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="IMPUDENCE" id="IMPUDENCE"></a>IMPUDENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>impertinence,</td><td>intrusiveness,</td><td>presumption,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boldness,</td><td>incivility,</td><td>officiousness,</td><td>rudeness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>effrontery,</td><td rowspan="2">insolence,</td><td rowspan="2">pertness,</td><td rowspan="2">sauciness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>forwardness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Impertinence</i> primarily denotes what does not pertain or belong +to the occasion or the person, and hence comes to signify interference +by word or act not consistent with the age, position, or relation +of the person interfered with or of the one who interferes; +especially, forward, presumptuous, or meddlesome speech. <i>Impudence</i> +is shameless <i>impertinence</i>. What would be arrogance in a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> +superior becomes <i>impertinence</i> or <i>impudence</i> in an inferior. +<i>Impertinence</i> has less of intent and determination than <i>impudence</i>. +We speak of thoughtless <i>impertinence</i>, shameless <i>impudence</i>. <i>Insolence</i> +is literally that which is against custom, <i>i. e.</i>, the violation +of customary respect and courtesy. <i>Officiousness</i> is thrusting upon +others unasked and undesired service, and is often as well-meant +as it is annoying. <i>Rudeness</i> is the behavior that might be expected +from a thoroughly uncultured person, and may be either +deliberate and insulting or unintentional and even unconscious. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARROGANCE">ARROGANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ASSURANCE">ASSURANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EFFRONTERY">EFFRONTERY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERTNESS">PERTNESS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>diffidence,</td><td>lowliness,</td><td>modesty,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coyness,</td><td>humility,</td><td>meekness,</td><td>submissiveness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The impudence <i>of</i>, or impudence <i>from</i>, a subordinate <i>to</i> a +superior.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INCONGRUOUS" id="INCONGRUOUS"></a>INCONGRUOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absurd,</td><td>ill-matched,</td><td>inharmonious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conflicting,</td><td>inapposite,</td><td>irreconcilable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contradictory,</td><td>inappropriate,</td><td>mismatched,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrary,</td><td>incommensurable,</td><td>mismated,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discordant,</td><td>incompatible,</td><td>repugnant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discrepant,</td><td>inconsistent,</td><td>unsuitable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Two or more things that do not fit well together, or are not +adapted to each other, are said to be <i>incongruous</i>; a thing is said +to be <i>incongruous</i> that is not adapted to the time, place, or occasion; +the term is also applied to a thing made up of ill-assorted +parts or <i>inharmonious</i> elements. <i>Discordant</i> is applied to all +things that jar in association like musical notes that are not in accord; +<i>inharmonious</i> has the same original sense, but is a milder +term. <i>Incompatible</i> primarily signifies unable to sympathize or +feel alike; <i>inconsistent</i> means unable to stand together. Things +are <i>incompatible</i> which can not exist together in harmonious relations, +and whose action when associated tends to ultimate extinction +of one by the other. <i>Inconsistent</i> applies to things that +can not be made to agree in thought with each other, or with +some standard of truth or right; slavery and freedom are <i>inconsistent</i> +with each other in theory, and <i>incompatible</i> in fact. <i>Incongruous</i> +applies to relations, <i>unsuitable</i> to purpose or use; two +colors are <i>incongruous</i> which can not be agreeably associated; +either may be <i>unsuitable</i> for a person, a room, or an occasion.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span> +<i>Incommensurable</i> is a mathematical term, applying to two or +more quantities that have no common measure or aliquot part.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accordant,</td><td>agreeing,</td><td>compatible,</td><td>consistent,</td><td>harmonious,</td><td>suitable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>The illustrations were incongruous <i>with</i> the theme.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INDUCTION" id="INDUCTION"></a>INDUCTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deduction,</td><td>inference.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Deduction</i> is reasoning from the general to the particular; <i>induction</i> +is reasoning from the particular to the general. <i>Deduction</i> +proceeds from a general principle through an admitted instance +to a conclusion. <i>Induction</i>, on the other hand, proceeds +from a number of collated instances, through some attribute +common to them all, to a general principle. The proof of an <i>induction</i> +is by using its conclusion as the premise of a new <i>deduction</i>. +Thus what is ordinarily known as scientific <i>induction</i> is a +constant interchange of <i>induction</i> and <i>deduction</i>. In <i>deduction</i>, +if the general rule is true, and the special case falls under the +rule, the conclusion is certain; <i>induction</i> can ordinarily give no +more than a probable conclusion, because we can never be sure +that we have collated all instances. An <i>induction</i> is of the nature +of an <i>inference</i>, but while an <i>inference</i> may be partial and hasty, +an <i>induction</i> is careful, and aims to be complete. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEMONSTRATION">DEMONSTRATION</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOTHESIS">HYPOTHESIS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>INDUSTRIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>active,</td><td>busy,</td><td>employed,</td><td>occupied,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assiduous,</td><td>diligent,</td><td>engaged,</td><td>sedulous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Industrious</i> signifies zealously or habitually applying oneself to +any work or business. <i>Busy</i> applies to an activity which may be +temporary, <i>industrious</i> to a habit of life. We say a man is <i>busy</i> just +now; that is, <i>occupied</i> at the moment with something that +takes his full attention. It would be ridiculous or satirical to say, +he is <i>industrious</i> just now. But <i>busy</i> can be used in the sense of +<i>industrious</i>, as when we say he is a <i>busy</i> man. <i>Diligent</i> indicates +also a disposition, which is ordinarily habitual, and suggests more +of heartiness and volition than <i>industrious</i>. We say one is a <i>diligent</i>, +rather than an <i>industrious</i>, reader of the Bible. In the use<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> +of the nouns, we speak of plodding <i>industry</i>, but not of plodding +<i>diligence</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACTIVE">ACTIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INDUSTRY">INDUSTRY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDLE">IDLE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INDUSTRY" id="INDUSTRY"></a>INDUSTRY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>application,</td><td>diligence,</td><td>labor,</td><td>persistence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assiduity,</td><td>effort,</td><td>pains,</td><td rowspan="3">sedulousness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>attention,</td><td>exertion,</td><td>patience,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constancy,</td><td>intentness,</td><td>perseverance,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Industry</i> is the quality, action, or habit of earnest, steady, and +continued attention or devotion to any useful or productive +work or task, manual or mental. <i>Assiduity</i> (L. <i>ad</i>, to, and +<i>sedeo</i>, sit), as the etymology suggests, sits down to a task +until it is done. <i>Diligence</i> (L. <i>diligo</i>, love, choose) invests +more effort and exertion, with love of the work or deep +interest in its accomplishment; <i>application</i> (L. <i>ad</i>, to, and +<i>plico</i>, fold) bends to its work and concentrates all one's powers +upon it with utmost intensity; hence, <i>application</i> can hardly be +as unremitting as <i>assiduity</i>. <i>Constancy</i> is a steady devotion of +heart and principle. <i>Patience</i> works on in spite of annoyances; +<i>perseverance</i> overcomes hindrances and difficulties; <i>persistence</i> +strives relentlessly against opposition; <i>persistence</i> has very frequently +an unfavorable meaning, implying that one persists in spite +of considerations that should induce him to desist. <i>Industry</i> is +<i>diligence</i> applied to some avocation, business, or profession. +<i>Labor</i> and <i>pains</i> refer to the <i>exertions</i> of the worker and the tax +upon him, while <i>assiduity</i>, <i>perseverance</i>, etc., refer to his continuance +in the work.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>changeableness,</td><td>idleness,</td><td>inconstancy,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>remissness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fickleness,</td><td>inattention,</td><td>indolence,</td><td>negligence,</td><td>sloth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INFINITE" id="INFINITE"></a>INFINITE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolute,</td><td>illimitable,</td><td>limitless,</td><td>unconditioned,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boundless,</td><td>immeasurable,</td><td>measureless,</td><td>unfathomable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>countless,</td><td>innumerable,</td><td>numberless,</td><td>unlimited,</td></tr> +<tr><td>eternal,</td><td>interminable,</td><td>unbounded,</td><td>unmeasured.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Infinite</i> (L. <i>in</i>, not, and <i>finis</i>, limit) signifies without bounds or +limits in any way, and may be applied to space, time, quantity, or +number. <i>Countless</i>, <i>innumerable</i>, and <i>numberless</i>, which should<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> +be the same as <i>infinite</i>, are in common usage vaguely employed to +denote what it is difficult or practically impossible to count or +number, tho perhaps falling far short of <i>infinite</i>; as, <i>countless</i> +leaves, the <i>countless</i> sands on the seashore, <i>numberless</i> battles, <i>innumerable</i> +delays. So, too, <i>boundless</i>, <i>illimitable</i>, <i>limitless</i>, <i>measureless</i>, +and <i>unlimited</i> are loosely used in reference to what has no +apparent or readily determinable limits in space or time; as, we +speak of the <i>boundless</i> ocean. <i>Infinite</i> space is without bounds, +not only in fact, but in thought; <i>infinite</i> time is truly <i>eternal</i>. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ETERNAL">ETERNAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bounded,</td><td>finite,</td><td>measurable,</td><td>restricted,</td><td>small,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brief,</td><td>limited,</td><td>moderate,</td><td>shallow,</td><td>transient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circumscribed,</td><td>little,</td><td>narrow,</td><td>short,</td><td>transitory.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">evanescent,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INFLUENCE" id="INFLUENCE"></a>INFLUENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actuate,</td><td>draw,</td><td>impel,</td><td>induce,</td><td>move,</td><td>stir,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compel,</td><td>drive,</td><td>incite,</td><td>instigate,</td><td>persuade,</td><td>sway,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dispose,</td><td>excite,</td><td>incline,</td><td>lead,</td><td>prompt,</td><td>urge.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>influence</i> (L. <i>in</i>, in or into, and <i>fluo</i>, flow) is to affect, modify, +or act upon by physical, mental, or moral power, especially in +some gentle, subtle, and gradual way; as, vegetation is <i>influenced</i> +by light; every one is <i>influenced</i> to some extent by public opinion; +<i>influence</i> is chiefly used of power acting from without, tho it may +be used of motives regarded as forces acting upon the will. <i>Actuate</i> +refers solely to mental or moral power <i>impelling</i> one from +within. One may <i>influence</i>, but can not directly <i>actuate</i> another; +but one may be <i>actuated</i> to cruelty by hatred which another's misrepresentation +has aroused. <i>Prompt</i> and <i>stir</i> are words of mere +suggestion toward some course of action; <i>dispose</i>, <i>draw</i>, <i>incline</i>, +<i>influence</i>, and <i>lead</i> refer to the use of mild means to awaken in +another a purpose or disposition to act. To <i>excite</i> is to arouse one +from lethargy or indifference to action. <i>Incite</i> and <i>instigate</i>, to +spur or goad one to action, differ in the fact that <i>incite</i> may be to +good, while <i>instigate</i> is always to evil (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABET">ABET</a></span>). To <i>urge</i> +and <i>impel</i> signify to produce strong excitation toward some act. +We are <i>urged</i> from without, <i>impelled</i> from within. <i>Drive</i> and +<i>compel</i> imply irresistible influence accomplishing its object. One +may be <i>driven</i> either by his own passions or by external force or +urgency; one is <i>compelled</i> only by some external power; as, the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> +owner was <i>compelled</i> by his misfortunes to sell his estate. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPEL">COMPEL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DRIVE">DRIVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deter,</td><td>dissuade,</td><td>impede,</td><td>prevent,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>retard.</td></tr> +<tr><td>discourage,</td><td>hinder,</td><td colspan="4">inhibit,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Actuated <i>to</i> crime <i>by</i> revenge.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INHERENT" id="INHERENT"></a>INHERENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>congenital,</td><td>indispensable,</td><td>innate,</td><td>native,</td></tr> +<tr><td>essential,</td><td>indwelling,</td><td>inseparable,</td><td>natural,</td></tr> +<tr><td>immanent,</td><td>infixed,</td><td>internal,</td><td rowspan="3">subjective.</td></tr> +<tr><td>inborn,</td><td>ingrained,</td><td>intrinsic,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inbred,</td><td>inhering,</td><td>inwrought,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Inherent</i> signifies permanently united as an element or original +quality, naturally existent or incorporated in something so as to +have become an integral part. <i>Immanent</i> is a philosophic word, +to denote that which dwells in or pervades any substance or spirit +without necessarily being a part of it, and without reference to +any working out (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SUBJECTIVE">SUBJECTIVE</a></span>). That which is <i>inherent</i> is +an <i>inseparable</i> part of that in which it inheres, and is usually +thought of with reference to some outworking or effect; as, an +<i>inherent</i> difficulty. God is said to be <i>immanent</i> (not <i>inherent</i>) in +the universe. Frequently <i>intrinsic</i> and <i>inherent</i> can be interchanged, +but <i>inherent</i> applies to qualities, while <i>intrinsic</i> applies +to essence, so that to speak of <i>intrinsic</i> excellence conveys higher +praise than if we say <i>inherent</i> excellence. <i>Inherent</i> and <i>intrinsic</i> +may be said of persons or things; <i>congenital</i>, <i>inborn</i>, <i>inbred</i>, <i>innate</i>, +apply to living beings. <i>Congenital</i> is frequent in medical +and legal use with special application to defects; as, <i>congenital</i> +idiocy. <i>Innate</i> and <i>inborn</i> are almost identical, but <i>innate</i> is preferred +in philosophic use, as when we speak of <i>innate</i> ideas; that +which is <i>inborn</i>, <i>congenital</i>, or <i>innate</i> may be original with the +individual, but that which is <i>inbred</i> is inherited. <i>Ingrained</i> signifies +dyed in the grain, and denotes that which is deeply wrought +into substance or character.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accidental,</td><td>extrinsic,</td><td>outward,</td><td>superficial,</td><td>supplemental,</td></tr> +<tr><td>casual,</td><td>fortuitous,</td><td>subsidiary,</td><td>superfluous,</td><td>transient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>external,</td><td>incidental,</td><td>superadded,</td><td>superimposed,</td><td>unconnected.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="INJURY" id="INJURY"></a>INJURY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blemish,</td><td>disadvantage,</td><td>hurt,</td><td>loss,</td><td>prejudice,</td></tr> +<tr><td>damage,</td><td>evil,</td><td>impairment,</td><td>mischief,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +<tr><td>detriment,</td><td>harm,</td><td>injustice,</td><td colspan="2">outrage,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Injury</i> (L. <i>in</i>, not, and <i>jus, juris</i>, right, law) signifies primarily +something done contrary to law or right; hence, something contrary +to some standard of right or good; whatever reduces the +value, utility, beauty, or desirableness of anything is an <i>injury</i> to +that thing; of persons, whatever is so done as to operate adversely +to one in his person, rights, property, or reputation is an <i>injury</i>; +the word is especially used of whatever mars the integrity of the +body or causes pain; as, when rescued from the wreck his <i>injuries</i> +were found to be very slight. <i>Injury</i> is the general term including +all the rest. <i>Damage</i> (L. <i>damnum</i>, loss) is that which occasions +<i>loss</i> to the possessor; hence, any impairment of value, often +with the suggestion of fault on the part of the one causing it; +<i>damage</i> reduces value, utility, or beauty; <i>detriment</i> (L. <i>deterere</i>, +to rub or wear away) is similar in meaning, but far milder. <i>Detriment</i> +may affect value only; <i>damage</i> always affects real worth +or utility; as a rule, the slightest use of an article by a purchaser +operates to its <i>detriment</i> if again offered for sale, tho the article +may have received not the slightest <i>damage</i>. <i>Damage</i> is partial; +<i>loss</i> is properly absolute as far as it is predicated at all; the <i>loss</i> of +a ship implies that it is gone beyond recovery; the <i>loss</i> of the rudder +is a <i>damage</i> to the ship; but since the <i>loss</i> of a part still leaves +a part, we may speak of a partial or a total <i>loss</i>. <i>Evil</i> commonly +suggests suffering or sin, or both; as, the <i>evils</i> of poverty, the social +<i>evil</i>. <i>Harm</i> is closely synonymous with <i>injury</i>; it may apply +to body, mind, or estate, but always affects real worth, while <i>injury</i> +may concern only estimated value. A <i>hurt</i> is an <i>injury</i> that +causes pain, physical or mental; a slight <i>hurt</i> may be no real +<i>harm</i>. <i>Mischief</i> is disarrangement, trouble, or <i>harm</i> usually +caused by some voluntary agent, with or without injurious intent; +a child's thoughtless sport may do great <i>mischief</i>; <i>wrong</i> is <i>harm</i> +done with <i>evil</i> intent. An <i>outrage</i> combines insult and <i>injury</i>. +Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BLEMISH">BLEMISH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CRIMINAL">CRIMINAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INJUSTICE">INJUSTICE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advantage,</td><td>benefit,</td><td>boon,</td><td>improvement,</td><td>service,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amelioration,</td><td>blessing,</td><td>help,</td><td>remedy,</td><td>utility.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The injury <i>of</i> the cause; an injury <i>to</i> the structure; injury <i>by</i> +fire; <i>by</i> or <i>from</i> collision, interference, etc.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="INJUSTICE" id="INJUSTICE"></a>INJUSTICE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>grievance,</td><td>injury,</td><td>unfairness,</td><td>unrighteousness,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">iniquity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Injustice</i> is a violation or denial of justice, an act or omission +that is contrary to equity or justice; as, the <i>injustice</i> of unequal +taxes. In legal usage a <i>wrong</i> involves <i>injury</i> to person, property, +or reputation, as the result of evil intent; <i>injustice</i> applies to civil +damage or loss, not necessarily involving <i>injury</i> to person or property, +as by misrepresentation of goods which does not amount to +a legal warranty. In popular usage, <i>injustice</i> may involve no direct +<i>injury</i> to person, property, interest, or character, and no +harmful intent, while <i>wrong</i> always involves both; one who attributes +another's truly generous act to a selfish motive does him an +<i>injustice</i>. <i>Iniquity</i>, in the original sense, is a want of or a deviation +from equity; but it is now applied in the widest sense to any +form of ill-doing. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CRIMINAL">CRIMINAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>equity,</td><td>faithfulness,</td><td>impartiality,</td><td>lawfulness,</td><td>righteousness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fairness,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>integrity,</td><td>rectitude,</td><td>uprightness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>fair play,</td><td>honor,</td><td>justice,</td><td colspan="2">right,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INNOCENT" id="INNOCENT"></a>INNOCENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blameless,</td><td>guiltless,</td><td>inoffensive,</td><td>spotless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clean,</td><td>harmless,</td><td>pure,</td><td>stainless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>immaculate,</td><td>right,</td><td>upright,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faultless,</td><td>innocuous,</td><td>righteous,</td><td rowspan="2">virtuous.</td></tr> +<tr><td>guileless,</td><td>innoxious,</td><td>sinless,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Innocent</i>, in the full sense, signifies not tainted with sin; not +having done wrong or violated legal or moral precept or duty; as, +an <i>innocent</i> babe. <i>Innocent</i> is a negative word, expressing less +than <i>righteous</i>, <i>upright</i>, or <i>virtuous</i>, which imply knowledge of +good and evil, with free choice of the good. A little child or a +lamb is <i>innocent</i>; a tried and faithful man is <i>righteous</i>, <i>upright</i>, +<i>virtuous</i>. <i>Immaculate</i>, <i>pure</i>, and <i>sinless</i> may be used either of +one who has never known the possibility of evil or of one who has +perfectly and triumphantly resisted it. <i>Innocent</i> is used of inanimate +substances in the sense of <i>harmless</i>; as, an <i>innocent</i> remedy, +that is, one not dangerous, even if not helpful. <i>Innocent</i>, in a +specific case, signifies free from the guilt of a particular act, even +tho the total character may be very evil; as, the thief was found +to be <i>innocent</i> of the murder. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#CANDID">CANDID</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PURE">PURE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CRIMINAL">CRIMINAL</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="INQUISITIVE" id="INQUISITIVE"></a>INQUISITIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>curious,</td><td>meddlesome,</td><td>peeping,</td><td>scrutinizing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inquiring,</td><td>meddling,</td><td>prying,</td><td>searching.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">intrusive,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>inquisitive</i> person is one who is bent on finding out all that +can be found out by inquiry, especially of little and personal matters, +and hence is generally <i>meddlesome</i> and <i>prying</i>. <i>Inquisitive</i> +may be used in a good sense, tho in such connection <i>inquiring</i> is +to be preferred; as, an <i>inquiring</i> mind. As applied to a state of +mind, <i>curious</i> denotes a keen and rather pleasurable desire to know +fully something to which one's attention has been called, but without +the active tendency that <i>inquisitive</i> implies; a well-bred person +may be <i>curious</i> to know, but will not be <i>inquisitive</i> in trying +to ascertain, what is of interest in the affairs of another.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apathetic,</td><td>heedless,</td><td rowspan="2">indifferent,</td><td rowspan="2">unconcerned,</td><td rowspan="2">uninterested.</td></tr> +<tr><td>careless,</td><td>inattentive,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Inquisitive <i>about</i>, <i>concerning</i>, <i>in regard to</i>, <i>regarding</i> trifles.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INSANITY" id="INSANITY"></a>INSANITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aberration,</td><td>delirium,</td><td>frenzy,</td><td>madness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alienation,</td><td>dementia,</td><td>hallucination,</td><td>mania,</td></tr> +<tr><td>craziness,</td><td>derangement,</td><td>lunacy,</td><td>monomania.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Of these terms <i>insanity</i> is the most exact and comprehensive, +including in its widest sense all morbid conditions of mind due to +diseased action of the brain or nervous system, but in its more frequent +restricted use applied to those forms in which the mental +disorder is persistent, as distinguished from those in which it is +temporary or transient. <i>Craziness</i> is a vague popular term for +any sort of disordered mental action, or for conduct suggesting it. +<i>Lunacy</i> originally denoted intermittent <i>insanity</i>, supposed to be +dependent on the changes of the moon (L. <i>luna</i>): the term is now +applied in general and legal use to any form of mental unsoundness +except idiocy. <i>Madness</i> is the old popular term, now less +common, for <i>insanity</i> in its widest sense, but with suggestion of +excitement, akin to <i>mania</i>. In the derived sense, <i>lunacy</i> denotes +what is insanely foolish, <i>madness</i> what is insanely desperate. <i>Derangement</i> +is a common euphemism for <i>insanity</i>. <i>Delirium</i> is always +temporary, and is specifically the <i>insanity</i> of disease, as in +acute fevers. <i>Dementia</i> is a general weakening of the mental<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> +powers: the word is specifically applied to senile <i>insanity</i>, dotage. +<i>Aberration</i> is eccentricity of mental action due to an abnormal +state of the perceptive faculties, and is manifested by error in +perceptions and rambling thought. <i>Hallucination</i> is the apparent +perception of that which does not exist or is not present to +the senses, as the seeing of specters or of reptiles in delirium +tremens. <i>Monomania</i> is mental <i>derangement</i> as to one subject +or object. <i>Frenzy</i> and <i>mania</i> are forms of raving and furious +<i>insanity</i>. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DELUSION">DELUSION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDIOCY">IDIOCY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clearness,</td><td>good sense,</td><td>lucidity,</td><td>rationality,</td><td>sanity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="INTERPOSE" id="INTERPOSE"></a>INTERPOSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arbitrate,</td><td>intercept,</td><td>intermeddle,</td><td>meddle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>intercede,</td><td>interfere,</td><td>interrupt,</td><td>mediate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>interpose</i> is to place or come between other things or persons, +usually as a means of obstruction or prevention of some +effect or result that would otherwise occur, or be expected to take +place. <i>Intercede</i> and <i>interpose</i> are used in a good sense; <i>intermeddle</i> +always in a bad sense, and <i>interfere</i> frequently so. To <i>intercede</i> +is to come between persons who are at variance, and plead +with the stronger in behalf of the weaker. One may <i>interpose</i> +with authority; he <i>intercedes</i> by petition. To <i>intermeddle</i> is to +thrust oneself into the concerns of others with a petty officiousness; +<i>meddling</i> commonly arises from idle curiosity; "every fool will +be <i>meddling</i>," <i>Prov.</i> xx, 3; to <i>interfere</i> is to intrude into others' +affairs with more serious purpose, with or without acknowledged +right or propriety. <i>Intercept</i> is applied to an object that may be +seized or stopped while in transit; as, to <i>intercept</i> a letter or a +messenger; <i>interrupt</i> is applied to an action which might or should +be continuous, but is broken in upon (L. <i>rumpere</i>, to break) by +some disturbing power; as, the conversation was <i>interrupted</i>. +One who <i>arbitrates</i> or <i>mediates</i> must do so by the request or at +least with the consent of the contending parties; the other words +of the group imply that he steps in of his own accord.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>avoid,</td><td>keep aloof,</td><td>keep out,</td><td>retire,</td><td>stand back,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hold aloof,</td><td>keep away,</td><td>let alone,</td><td>stand aside,</td><td>stand off,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hold off,</td><td>keep clear,</td><td>let be,</td><td>stand away,</td><td>withdraw.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Interpose <i>between</i> the combatants; <i>in</i> the matter.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p> + +<h3>INVOLVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>complicate,</td><td>embroil,</td><td>implicate,</td><td>include,</td></tr> +<tr><td>embarrass,</td><td>entangle,</td><td>imply,</td><td>overwhelm.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>involve</i> (L. <i>in</i>, in, and <i>volvo</i>, roll) is to roll or wind up with +or in so as to combine inextricably or inseparably, or nearly so; +as, the nation is <i>involved</i> in war; the bookkeeper's accounts, or +the writer's sentences are <i>involved</i>. <i>Involve</i> is a stronger word +than <i>implicate</i>, denoting more complete entanglement. As applied +to persons, <i>implicate</i> is always used in an unfavorable sense, +and <i>involve</i> ordinarily so; but <i>implicate</i> applies only to that which +is wrong, while <i>involve</i> is more commonly used of that which is +unfortunate; one is <i>implicated</i> in a crime, <i>involved</i> in embarrassments, +misfortunes, or perplexities. As regards logical connection +that which is <i>included</i> is usually expressly stated; that which +is <i>implied</i> is not stated, but is naturally to be inferred; that which +is <i>involved</i> is necessarily to be inferred; as, a slate roof is <i>included</i> +in the contract; that the roof shall be water-tight is +<i>implied</i>; the contrary supposition <i>involves</i> an absurdity. See +<span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disconnect,</td><td>disentangle,</td><td>distinguish,</td><td>explicate,</td><td>extricate,</td><td>remove,</td><td>separate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="JOURNEY" id="JOURNEY"></a>JOURNEY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>excursion,</td><td>pilgrimage,</td><td>transit,</td><td>trip,</td></tr> +<tr><td>expedition,</td><td>tour,</td><td>travel,</td><td>voyage.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>journey</i> (F. <i>journée</i>, from L. <i>diurnus</i>, daily) was primarily +a day's work; hence, a movement from place to place within one +day, which we now describe as "a day's <i>journey</i>;" in its extended +modern use a <i>journey</i> is a direct going from a starting-point +to a destination, ordinarily over a considerable distance; +we speak of a day's <i>journey</i>, or the <i>journey</i> of life. <i>Travel</i> is a +passing from place to place, not necessarily in a direct line or with +fixed destination; a <i>journey</i> through Europe would be a passage +to some destination beyond or at the farther boundary; <i>travel</i> in +Europe may be in no direct course, but may include many <i>journeys</i> +in different directions. A <i>voyage</i>, which was formerly a +<i>journey</i> of any kind, is now a going to a considerable distance by +water, especially by sea; as, a <i>voyage</i> to India. A <i>trip</i> is a short +and direct <i>journey</i>. A <i>tour</i> is a <i>journey</i> that returns to the +starting-point, generally over a considerable distance; as, a bridal<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> +<i>tour</i>, or business <i>tour</i>. An <i>excursion</i> is a brief <i>tour</i> or <i>journey</i>, +taken for pleasure, often by many persons at once; as, an <i>excursion</i> +to Chautauqua. <i>Passage</i> is a general word for a <i>journey</i> by +any conveyance, especially by water; as, a rough <i>passage</i> across +the Atlantic; <i>transit</i>, literally the act of passing over or through, +is used specifically of the conveyance of passengers or merchandise; +rapid <i>transit</i> is demanded for suburban residents or perishable +goods. <i>Pilgrimage</i>, once always of a sacred character, retains in +derived uses something of that sense; as, a <i>pilgrimage</i> to Stratford-on-Avon.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A journey <i>from</i> Naples <i>to</i> Rome; <i>through</i> Mexico; <i>across</i> the +continent; <i>over</i> the sea; a journey <i>into</i> Asia; <i>among</i> savages; <i>by</i> +land, <i>by</i> rail, <i>for</i> health, <i>on</i> foot, <i>on</i> the cars, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="JUDGE" id="JUDGE"></a>JUDGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arbiter,</td><td>arbitrator,</td><td>justice,</td><td>referee,</td><td>umpire.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>judge</i>, in the legal sense, is a judicial officer appointed or +elected to preside in courts of law, and to decide legal questions +duly brought before him; the name is sometimes given to other +legally constituted officers; as, the <i>judges</i> of election; in other relations, +any person duly appointed to pass upon the merits of contestants +or of competing articles may be called a <i>judge</i>; as, the +<i>judges</i> at an agricultural fair, or at a race-track; in the widest +sense, any person who has good capacity for judging is called a +<i>judge</i>; as, a person is said to be a <i>judge</i> of pictures, or a good <i>judge</i> +of a horse, etc. In most games the <i>judge</i> is called an <i>umpire</i>; as, the +<i>umpire</i> of a game of ball or cricket. A <i>referee</i> is appointed by a +court to decide disputed matters between litigants; an <i>arbitrator</i> +is chosen by the contending parties to decide matters in dispute +without action by a court. In certain cases an <i>umpire</i> is appointed +by a court to decide where <i>arbitrators</i> disagree. <i>Arbiter</i>, with its +suggestion of final and absolute decision, has come to be used only +in a high or sacred sense; as, war must now be the <i>arbiter</i>; the +Supreme <i>Arbiter</i> of our destinies. The <i>judges</i> of certain courts, +as the United States Supreme Court, are technically known as +<i>justices</i>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="JUSTICE" id="JUSTICE"></a>JUSTICE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>equity,</td><td>impartiality,</td><td>legality,</td><td>rightfulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fairness,</td><td>integrity,</td><td>rectitude,</td><td>truth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fair play,</td><td>justness,</td><td>right,</td><td>uprightness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faithfulness,</td><td>law,</td><td>righteousness,</td><td>virtue.</td></tr> +<tr><td>honor,</td><td colspan="3">lawfulness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In its governmental relations, human or divine, <i>justice</i> is the +giving to every person exactly what he deserves, not necessarily +involving any consideration of what any other may deserve; <i>equity</i> +(the quality of being equal) is giving every one as much advantage, +privilege, or consideration as is given to any other; it is that +which is equally right or just to all concerned; <i>equity</i> is equal +<i>justice</i> and is thus a close synonym for <i>fairness</i> and <i>impartiality</i>, +but it has a philosophical and legal precision that those words have +not. In legal proceedings cases arise for which the <i>law</i> has not +adequately provided, or in which general provisions, just in the +main, would work individual hardship. The system of <i>equity</i>, devised +to supply the insufficiencies of <i>law</i>, deals with cases "to +which the <i>law</i> by reason of its universality can not apply." "<i>Equity</i>, +then, ... is the soul and spirit of all <i>law</i>; positive <i>law</i> is construed +and rational <i>law</i> is made by it." <span class="smc">Blackstone</span> bk. iii, ch. +27, p. 429. In personal and social relations <i>justice</i> is the rendering +to every one what is due or merited, whether in act, word, or +thought; in matters of reasoning, or literary work of any kind, +<i>justice</i> is close, faithful, unprejudiced, and unbiased adherence to +essential truth or fact; we speak of the <i>justice</i> of a statement, or +of doing <i>justice</i> to a subject. <i>Integrity</i>, <i>rectitude</i>, <i>right</i>, <i>righteousness</i> +and <i>virtue</i> denote conformity of personal conduct to the +moral law, and thus necessarily include <i>justice</i>, which is giving +others that which is their due. <i>Lawfulness</i> is an ambiguous word, +meaning in its narrower sense mere <i>legality</i>, which may be very +far from <i>justice</i>, but in its higher sense signifying accordance with +the supreme <i>law</i> of <i>right</i>, and thus including perfect <i>justice</i>. <i>Justness</i> +refers rather to logical relations than to practical matters; as, +we speak of the <i>justness</i> of a statement or of a criticism. See +<span class="smcl"><a href="#JUDGE">JUDGE</a></span>, <i>n.</i></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dishonesty,</td><td>inequity,</td><td>partiality,</td><td>unlawfulness,</td><td>untruth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>favoritism,</td><td>injustice,</td><td>unfairness,</td><td>unreasonableness,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The justice <i>of</i> the king; <i>to</i> or <i>for</i> the oppressed.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="KEEP" id="KEEP"></a>KEEP.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carry,</td><td>defend,</td><td>hold,</td><td>preserve,</td><td>retain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carry on,</td><td>detain,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>protect,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>celebrate,</td><td>fulfil,</td><td>obey,</td><td>refrain,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conduct,</td><td>guard,</td><td>observe,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>withhold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Keep</i>, signifying generally to have and retain in possession, is +the terse, strong Saxon term for many acts which are more exactly +discriminated by other words. We <i>keep</i>, <i>observe</i>, or <i>celebrate</i> +a festival; we <i>keep</i> or <i>hold</i> a prisoner in custody; we <i>keep</i> +or <i>preserve</i> silence, <i>keep</i> the peace, <i>preserve</i> order—<i>preserve</i> being +the more formal word; we <i>keep</i> or <i>maintain</i> a horse, a servant, +etc.; a man <i>supports</i> his family; we <i>keep</i> or <i>obey</i> a commandment; +<i>keep</i> or <i>fulfil</i> a promise. In the expressions to <i>keep</i> a secret, +<i>keep</i> one's own counsel, <i>keep</i> faith, or <i>keep</i> the faith, such words +as <i>preserve</i> or <i>maintain</i> could not be substituted without loss. A +person <i>keeps</i> a shop or store, <i>conducts</i> or <i>carries on</i> a business; he +<i>keeps</i> or <i>carries</i> a certain line of goods; we may <i>keep</i> or <i>restrain</i> +one from folly, crime, or violence; we <i>keep</i> from or <i>refrain</i> from +evil, ourselves. <i>Keep</i> in the sense of <i>guard</i> or <i>defend</i> implies that +the defense is effectual. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CELEBRATE">CELEBRATE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#RESTRAIN">RESTRAIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Keep <i>in</i> hand, <i>in</i> mind, <i>in</i> or <i>within</i> the house; <i>from</i> evil; <i>out +of</i> mischief; keep <i>to</i> the subject; keep <i>for</i> a person, an occasion, +etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="KILL" id="KILL"></a>KILL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>assassinate,</td><td>despatch,</td><td>massacre,</td><td>put to death,</td><td>slay.</td></tr> +<tr><td>butcher,</td><td>execute,</td><td>murder,</td><td colspan="2">slaughter,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>kill</i> is simply to deprive of life, human, animal, or vegetable, +with no suggestion of how or why. <i>Assassinate</i>, <i>execute</i>, <i>murder</i>, +apply only to the taking of human life; to <i>murder</i> is to <i>kill</i> +with premeditation and malicious intent; to <i>execute</i> is to <i>kill</i> in +fulfilment of a legal sentence; to <i>assassinate</i> is to <i>kill</i> by assault; +this word is chiefly applied to the <i>killing</i> of public or eminent persons +through alleged political motives, whether secretly or openly. +To <i>slay</i> is to <i>kill</i> by a blow, or by a weapon. <i>Butcher</i> and +<i>slaughter</i> apply primarily to the <i>killing</i> of cattle; <i>massacre</i> is +applied primarily and almost exclusively to human beings, signifying +to <i>kill</i> them indiscriminately in large numbers; to <i>massacre</i> +is said when there is no chance of successful resistance; to <i>butcher</i> +when the <i>killing</i> is especially brutal; soldiers mown down in a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> +hopeless charge are said to be <i>slaughtered</i> when no brutality on +the enemy's part is implied. To <i>despatch</i> is to <i>kill</i> swiftly and in +general quietly, always with intention, with or without right.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To kill <i>with</i> or <i>by</i> sword, famine, pestilence, care, grief, etc.; +killed <i>for</i> his money, <i>by</i> a robber, <i>with</i> a dagger.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>KIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affinity,</td><td>blood,</td><td>descent,</td><td>kind,</td><td>race,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alliance,</td><td>consanguinity,</td><td>family,</td><td>kindred,</td><td>relationship.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">birth,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Kind</i> is broader than <i>kin</i>, denoting the most general <i>relationship</i>, +as of the whole human species in man<i>kind</i>, human<i>kind</i>, etc.; +<i>kin</i> and <i>kindred</i> denote direct <i>relationship</i> that can be traced +through either blood or marriage, preferably the former; either of +these words may signify collectively all persons of the same +blood or members of the same family, relatives or relations. <i>Affinity</i> +is <i>relationship</i> by marriage, <i>consanguinity</i> is <i>relationship</i> by +blood. There are no true antonyms of <i>kin</i> or <i>kindred</i>, except those +made by negatives, since strangers, aliens, foreigners, and foes +may still be <i>kin</i> or <i>kindred</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="KNOWLEDGE" id="KNOWLEDGE"></a>KNOWLEDGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acquaintance,</td><td>erudition,</td><td>learning,</td><td>recognition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apprehension,</td><td>experience,</td><td>light,</td><td>scholarship,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cognition,</td><td>information,</td><td>lore,</td><td>science,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cognizance,</td><td>intelligence,</td><td>perception,</td><td>wisdom.</td></tr> +<tr><td>comprehension,</td><td colspan="3">intuition,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Knowledge</i> is all that the mind knows, from whatever source +derived or obtained, or by whatever process; the aggregate of +facts, truths, or principles acquired or retained by the mind, including +alike the <i>intuitions</i> native to the mind and all that has +been learned respecting phenomena, causes, laws, principles, literature, +etc. There is a tendency to regard <i>knowledge</i> as accurate +and systematic, and to a certain degree complete. <i>Information</i> is +<i>knowledge</i> of fact, real or supposed, derived from persons, books, +or observation, and is regarded as casual and haphazard. We say +of a studious man that he has a great store of <i>knowledge</i>, or of an +intelligent man of the world, that he has a fund of varied <i>information</i>. +<i>Lore</i> is used only in poetic or elevated style, for accumulated +<i>knowledge</i>, as of a people or age, or in a more limited sense +for <i>learning</i> or <i>erudition</i>. We speak of <i>perception</i> of external<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> +objects, <i>apprehension</i> of intellectual truth. Simple <i>perception</i> +gives a limited <i>knowledge</i> of external objects, merely as such; the +<i>cognition</i> of the same objects is a <i>knowledge</i> of them in some +relation; <i>cognizance</i> is the formal or official <i>recognition</i> of something +as an object of <i>knowledge</i>; we take <i>cognizance</i> of it. +<i>Intuition</i> is primary <i>knowledge</i> antecedent to all teaching or reasoning, +<i>experience</i> is <i>knowledge</i> that has entered directly into one's +own life; as, a child's <i>experience</i> that fire will burn. <i>Learning</i> is +much higher than <i>information</i>, being preeminently wide and systematic +<i>knowledge</i>, the result of long, assiduous study; <i>erudition</i> +is recondite <i>learning</i> secured only by extraordinary industry, opportunity, +and ability. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACQUAINTANCE">ACQUAINTANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EDUCATION">EDUCATION</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#SCIENCE">SCIENCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#WISDOM">WISDOM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ignorance,</td><td>inexperience,</td><td>misconception,</td><td>rudeness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>illiteracy,</td><td>misapprehension,</td><td>misunderstanding,</td><td>unfamiliarity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LANGUAGE" id="LANGUAGE"></a>LANGUAGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barbarism,</td><td>expression,</td><td>patois,</td><td>vernacular,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dialect,</td><td>idiom,</td><td>speech,</td><td>vocabulary.</td></tr> +<tr><td>diction,</td><td>mother tongue,</td><td colspan="2">tongue,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Language</i> (F. <i>langage</i> < L. <i>lingua</i>, the tongue) signified +originally <i>expression</i> of thought by spoken words, but now in its +widest sense it signifies <i>expression</i> of thought by any means; as, +the <i>language</i> of the eyes, the <i>language</i> of flowers. As regards +the use of words, <i>language</i> in its broadest sense denotes all the uttered +sounds and their combinations into words and sentences that +human beings employ for the communication of thought, and, in +a more limited sense, the words or combinations forming a means +of communication among the members of a single nation, people, +or race. <i>Speech</i> involves always the power of articulate utterance; +we can speak of the <i>language</i> of animals, but not of their +<i>speech</i>. A <i>tongue</i> is the <i>speech</i> or <i>language</i> of some one people, +country, or race. A <i>dialect</i> is a special mode of speaking a <i>language</i> +peculiar to some locality or class, not recognized as in accordance +with the best usage; a <i>barbarism</i> is a perversion of a +<i>language</i> by ignorant foreigners, or some usage akin to that. +<i>Idiom</i> refers to the construction of phrases and sentences, and the +way of forming or using words; it is the peculiar mold in which +each <i>language</i> casts its thought. The great difficulty of translation +is to give the thought expressed in one <i>language</i> in the <i>idiom</i> +of another. A <i>dialect</i> may be used by the highest as well as the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span> +lowest within its range; a <i>patois</i> is distinctly illiterate, belonging +to the lower classes; those who speak a <i>patois</i> understand the +cultured form of their own language, but speak only the degraded +form, as in the case of the Italian lazzaroni or the former negro +slaves in the United States. <i>Vernacular</i>, from the Latin, has the +same general sense as the Saxon <i>mother tongue</i>, of one's native +<i>language</i>, or that of a people; as, the Scriptures were translated +into the <i>vernacular</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DICTION">DICTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LARGE" id="LARGE"></a>LARGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abundant,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>gigantic,</td><td>long,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ample,</td><td>colossal,</td><td>grand,</td><td>massive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>big,</td><td>commodious,</td><td>great,</td><td>spacious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>broad,</td><td>considerable,</td><td>huge,</td><td>vast,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bulky,</td><td>enormous,</td><td>immense,</td><td>wide.</td></tr> +<tr><td>capacious,</td><td colspan="3">extensive,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Large</i> denotes extension in more than one direction, and beyond +the average of the class to which the object belongs; we +speak of a <i>large</i> surface or a <i>large</i> solid, but of a <i>long</i> line; a +<i>large</i> field, a <i>large</i> room, a <i>large</i> apple, etc. A <i>large</i> man is a +man of more than ordinary size; a <i>great</i> man is a man of remarkable +mental power. <i>Big</i> is a more emphatic word than <i>large</i>, but +of less dignity. We do not say that George Washington was a +<i>big</i> man.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brief,</td><td>infinitesimal,</td><td>little,</td><td>minute,</td><td>petty,</td><td>slender,</td><td>tiny,</td></tr> +<tr><td>diminutive,</td><td>insignificant,</td><td>mean,</td><td>narrow,</td><td>scanty,</td><td>slight,</td><td>trifling,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inconsiderable,</td><td>limited,</td><td>microscopic,</td><td>paltry,</td><td>short,</td><td>small,</td><td>trivial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LAW" id="LAW"></a>LAW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>canon,</td><td>economy,</td><td>legislation,</td><td>principle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>code,</td><td>edict,</td><td>mandate,</td><td>regulation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>enactment,</td><td>order,</td><td>rule,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commandment,</td><td>formula,</td><td>ordinance,</td><td>statute.</td></tr> +<tr><td>decree,</td><td>jurisprudence,</td><td colspan="2">polity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Law</i>, in its ideal, is the statement of a <i>principle</i> of right in mandatory +form, by competent authority, with adequate penalty for +disobedience; in common use, the term is applied to any legislative +act, however imperfect or unjust. <i>Command</i> and <i>commandment</i> +are personal and particular; as, the <i>commands</i> of a parent; +the ten <i>commandments</i>. An <i>edict</i> is the act of an absolute +sovereign or other authority; we speak of the <i>edict</i> of an emperor, +the <i>decree</i> of a court. A <i>mandate</i> is specific, for an occasion or a +purpose; a superior court issues its <i>mandate</i> to an inferior court<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> +to send up its records. <i>Statute</i> is the recognized legal term for a +specific <i>law</i>; <i>enactment</i> is the more vague and general expression. +We speak of algebraic or chemical <i>formulas</i>, municipal <i>ordinances</i>, +military <i>orders</i>, army <i>regulations</i>, ecclesiastical <i>canons</i>, +the <i>rules</i> of a business house. <i>Law</i> is often used, also, for a recognized +<i>principle</i>, whose violation is attended with injury or loss +that acts like a penalty; as, the <i>laws</i> of business; the <i>laws</i> of +nature. In more strictly scientific use, a natural <i>law</i> is simply a +recognized system of sequences or relations; as, Kepler's <i>laws</i> of +planetary distances. A <i>code</i> is a system of <i>laws</i>; <i>jurisprudence</i> +is the science of <i>law</i>, or a system of <i>laws</i> scientifically considered, +classed, and interpreted; <i>legislation</i>, primarily the act of legislating, +denotes also the body of <i>statutes</i> enacted by a legislative body. +An <i>economy</i> (Gr. <i>oikonomia</i>, primarily the management of a +house) is any comprehensive system of administration; as, domestic +<i>economy</i>; but the word is extended to the administration or +government of a state or people, signifying a body of <i>laws</i> and +<i>regulations</i>, with the entire system, political or religious, especially +the latter, of which they form a part; as, the <i>code</i> of Draco, +Roman <i>jurisprudence</i>, British <i>legislation</i>, the Mosaic <i>economy</i>. +<i>Law</i> is also used as a collective noun for a system of <i>laws</i> or recognized +<i>rules</i> or <i>regulations</i>, including not only all special <i>laws</i>, +but the <i>principles</i> on which they are based. The Mosaic <i>economy</i> +is known also as the Mosaic <i>law</i>, and we speak of the English +common <i>law</i>, or the <i>law</i> of nations. <i>Polity</i> (Gr. <i>politeia</i>, from +<i>polis</i>, a city) signifies the form, constitution, or method of government +of a nation, state, church, or other institution; in usage it +differs from <i>economy</i> as applying rather to the system, while +<i>economy</i> applies especially to method, or to the system as administered; +an <i>economy</i> might be termed a <i>polity</i> considered with especial +reference to its practical administration, hence commonly +with special reference to details or particulars, while <i>polity</i> has +more reference to broad <i>principles</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>LIBERTY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>emancipation,</td><td>freedom,</td><td>independence,</td><td>license.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In general terms, it may be said that <i>freedom</i> is absolute, <i>liberty</i> +relative; <i>freedom</i> is the absence of restraint, <i>liberty</i> is +primarily the removal or avoidance of restraint; in its broadest +sense, it is the state of being exempt from the domination of others<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> +or from restricting circumstances. <i>Freedom</i> and <i>liberty</i> are constantly +interchanged; the slave is set at <i>liberty</i>, or gains his <i>freedom</i>; +but <i>freedom</i> is the nobler word. <i>Independence</i> is said of +states or nations, <i>freedom</i> and <i>liberty</i> of individuals; the <i>independence</i> +of the United States did not secure <i>liberty</i> or <i>freedom</i> to +its slaves. <i>Liberty</i> keeps quite strictly to the thought of being +clear of restraint or compulsion; <i>freedom</i> takes a wider range, +applying to other oppressive influences; thus, we speak of <i>freedom</i> +from annoyance or intrusion. <i>License</i> is, in its limited sense, a +permission or privilege granted by adequate authority, a bounded +<i>liberty</i>; in the wider sense, <i>license</i> is an ignoring and defiance of +all that should restrain, and a reckless doing of all that individual +caprice or passion may choose to do—a base and dangerous counterfeit +of <i>freedom</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLOW">ALLOW</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERMISSION">PERMISSION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>captivity,</td><td>imprisonment,</td><td>oppression,</td><td>slavery,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compulsion,</td><td>necessity,</td><td>serfdom,</td><td>superstition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constraint,</td><td>obligation,</td><td>servitude,</td><td>thraldom.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LIGHT" id="LIGHT"></a>LIGHT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blaze,</td><td>gleam,</td><td>glow,</td><td>shimmer,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flame,</td><td>gleaming,</td><td>illumination,</td><td>shine,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flare,</td><td>glimmer,</td><td>incandescence,</td><td>shining,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flash,</td><td>glistening,</td><td>luster,</td><td>sparkle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flicker,</td><td>glistering,</td><td>scintillation,</td><td>twinkle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>glare,</td><td>glitter,</td><td>sheen,</td><td>twinkling.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Light</i>, strictly denoting a form of radiant energy, is used as a +general term for any luminous effect discernible by the eye, from +the faintest phosphorescence to the <i>blaze</i> of the noonday sun. A +<i>flame</i> is both hot and luminous; if it contains few solid particles +it will yield little <i>light</i>, tho it may afford intense heat, as in +the case of a hydrogen-<i>flame</i>. A <i>blaze</i> is an extensive, brilliant +<i>flame</i>. A <i>flare</i> is a wavering <i>flame</i> or <i>blaze</i>; a <i>flash</i> is +a <i>light</i> that appears and disappears in an instant; as, a +<i>flash</i> of lightning; the <i>flash</i> of gunpowder. The <i>glare</i> and +<i>glow</i> are steady, the <i>glare</i> painfully bright, the <i>glow</i> subdued; as, +the <i>glare</i> of torches; the <i>glow</i> of dying embers. <i>Shine</i> and <i>shining</i> +refer to a steady or continuous emission of <i>light</i>; <i>sheen</i> is a faint +<i>shining</i>, usually by reflection. <i>Glimmer</i>, <i>glitter</i>, and <i>shimmer</i> +denote wavering <i>light</i>. We speak of the <i>glimmer</i> of distant lamps +through the mist; of the <i>shimmer</i> of waves in sun<i>light</i> or moon<i>light</i>. +A <i>gleam</i> is not wavering, but transient or intermittent; a +sudden <i>gleam</i> of <i>light</i> came through the half-open door; a <i>glitter</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> +is a hard <i>light</i>; as, the <i>glitter</i> of burnished arms. A <i>sparkle</i> is a +sudden <i>light</i>, as of sparks thrown out; <i>scintillation</i> is the more +exact and scientific term for the actual emission of sparks, also +the figurative term for what suggests such emission; as, <i>scintillations</i> +of wit or of genius. <i>Twinkle</i> and <i>twinkling</i> are used of the +intermittent <i>light</i> of the fixed stars. <i>Glistening</i> is a <i>shining</i> as +from a wet surface. <i>Illumination</i> is a wide-spread, brilliant <i>light</i>, +as when all the windows of a house or of a street are lighted. +The <i>light</i> of <i>incandescence</i> is intense and white like that from +metal at a white heat.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blackness,</td><td>darkness,</td><td>dusk,</td><td>gloominess,</td><td>shade,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dark,</td><td>dimness,</td><td>gloom,</td><td>obscurity,</td><td>shadow.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>LIKELY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apt,</td><td>conceivable,</td><td>liable,</td><td>probable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>credible,</td><td>conjectural,</td><td>presumable,</td><td>reasonable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Apt</i> implies a natural fitness or tendency; an impetuous person +is <i>apt</i> to speak hastily. <i>Liable</i> refers to a contingency regarded +as unfavorable; as, the ship was <i>liable</i> to founder at any +moment. <i>Likely</i> refers to a contingent event regarded as very +probable, and usually, tho not always, favorable; as, an industrious +worker is <i>likely</i> to succeed. <i>Credible</i> signifies readily +to be believed; as, a <i>credible</i> narrative; <i>likely</i> in such connection +is used ironically to signify the reverse; as, a <i>likely</i> story! A +thing is <i>conceivable</i> of which the mind can entertain the possibility; +a thing is <i>conjectural</i> which is conjectured as possible or probable +without other support than a conjecture, or tentative judgment; +a thing is <i>presumable</i> which, from what is antecedently known, +may betaken for granted in advance of proof. <i>Reasonable</i> in this +connection signifies such as the reason can be satisfied with, independently +of external grounds for belief or disbelief; as, that +seems a <i>reasonable</i> supposition. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#APPARENT">APPARENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>doubtful,</td><td>improbable,</td><td>questionable,</td><td>unreasonable.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dubious,</td><td>incredible,</td><td colspan="2">unlikely,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>LISTEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attend,</td><td>hark,</td><td>harken,</td><td>hear,</td><td>heed,</td><td>list.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Between <i>listen</i> and <i>hear</i> is a difference like that between the +words look and see. (Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#LOOK">LOOK</a></span>.) To <i>hear</i> is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> +simply to become conscious of sound, to <i>listen</i> is to make a conscious +effort or endeavor to <i>hear</i>. We may <i>hear</i> without <i>listening</i>, +as words suddenly uttered in an adjoining room; or we may +<i>listen</i> without <i>hearing</i>, as to a distant speaker. In <i>listening</i> the +ear is intent upon the sound; in <i>attending</i> the mind is intent +upon the thought, tho <i>listening</i> implies some attention to the +meaning or import of the sound. To <i>heed</i> is not only to <i>attend</i>, +but to remember and observe. <i>Harken</i> is nearly obsolete.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be deaf to,</td><td>ignore,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>scorn,</td><td>slight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We listen <i>for</i> what we expect or desire to hear; we listen <i>to</i> +what we actually do hear; listen <i>for</i> a step, a signal, a train; listen +<i>to</i> the debate.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LITERATURE" id="LITERATURE"></a>LITERATURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>belles-lettres,</td><td>literary productions,</td><td>publications,</td></tr> +<tr><td>books,</td><td>literary works,</td><td>writings.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Literature</i> is collective, including in the most general sense all +the written or printed productions of the human mind in all lands +and ages, or in a more limited sense, referring to all that has been +published in some land or age, or in some department of human +knowledge; as, the <i>literature</i> of Greece; the <i>literature</i> of the +Augustan age; the <i>literature</i> of politics or of art. <i>Literature</i>, used +absolutely, denotes what has been called "polite <i>literature</i>" or +<i>belles-lettres</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, the works collectively that embody taste, feeling, +loftiness of thought, and purity and beauty of style, as poetry, +history, fiction, and dramatic compositions, including also much +of philosophical writing, as the "Republic" of Plato, and oratorical +productions, as the orations of Demosthenes. In the broad +sense, we can speak of the <i>literature</i> of science; in the narrower +sense, we speak of <i>literature</i> and science as distinct departments +of knowledge. <i>Literature</i> is also used to signify literary pursuits +or occupations; as, to devote one's life to <i>literature</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#KNOWLEDGE">KNOWLEDGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SCIENCE">SCIENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>LOAD, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>burden,</td><td>charge,</td><td>encumbrance,</td><td>incubus,</td><td>pack,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cargo,</td><td>clog,</td><td>freight,</td><td>lading,</td><td>weight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>burden</i> (from the Anglo-Saxon <i>byrthen</i>, from the verb <i>beran</i>, +bear) is what one has to bear, and the word is used always of that +which is borne by a living agent. A <i>load</i> (from the Anglo-Saxon<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> +<i>lād</i>, a way, course, carrying, or carriage) is what is laid upon a +person, animal, or vehicle for conveyance, or what is customarily +so imposed; as, a two-horse <i>load</i>. <i>Weight</i> measures the pressure +due to gravity; the same <i>weight</i> that one finds a moderate <i>load</i> +when in his full strength becomes a heavy <i>burden</i> in weariness or +weakness. A ship's <i>load</i> is called distinctively a <i>cargo</i>, or it may +be known as <i>freight</i> or <i>lading</i>. <i>Freight</i> denotes merchandise in or +for transportation and is used largely of transportation or of merchandise +transported by rail, which is, in commercial language, +said to be "shipped." A <i>load</i> to be fastened upon a horse or +mule is called a <i>pack</i>, and the animal is known as a pack-horse or +pack-mule.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>LOCK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bar,</td><td>catch,</td><td>fastening,</td><td>hook,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bolt,</td><td>clasp,</td><td>hasp,</td><td>latch.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>bar</i> is a piece of wood or metal, usually of considerable size, +by which an opening is obstructed, a door held fast, etc. A <i>bar</i> +may be movable or permanent; a <i>bolt</i> is a movable rod or pin of +metal, sliding in a socket and adapted for securing a door or window. +A <i>lock</i> is an arrangement by which an enclosed <i>bolt</i> is shot +forward or backward by a key, or other device; the <i>bolt</i> is the essential +part of the <i>lock</i>. A <i>latch</i> or <i>catch</i> is an accessible <i>fastening</i> +designed to be easily movable, and simply to secure against +accidental opening of the door, cover, etc. A <i>hasp</i> is a metallic +strap that fits over a staple, calculated to be secured by a padlock; +a simple <i>hook</i> that fits into a staple is also called a <i>hasp</i>. A <i>clasp</i> +is a fastening that can be sprung into place, to draw and hold the +parts of some enclosing object firmly together, as the <i>clasp</i> of a +book.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LOOK" id="LOOK"></a>LOOK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>behold,</td><td>discern,</td><td>inspect,</td><td>see,</td><td>view,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contemplate,</td><td>gaze,</td><td>regard,</td><td>stare,</td><td rowspan="2">watch.</td></tr> +<tr><td>descry,</td><td>glance,</td><td>scan,</td><td>survey,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>see</i> is simply to become conscious of an object of vision; to +<i>look</i> is to make a conscious and direct endeavor to <i>see</i>. To <i>behold</i> +is to fix the sight and the mind with distinctness and consideration +upon something that has come to be clearly before the eyes. We +may <i>look</i> without <i>seeing</i>, as in pitch-darkness, and we may <i>see</i> +without <i>looking</i>, as in case of a flash of lightning. To <i>gaze</i> is to<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span> +<i>look</i> intently, long, and steadily upon an object. To <i>glance</i> is to +<i>look</i> casually or momentarily. To <i>stare</i> is to <i>look</i> with a fixed intensity +such as is the effect of surprise, alarm, or rudeness. To +<i>scan</i> is to <i>look</i> at minutely, to note every visible feature. To <i>inspect</i> +is to go below the surface, uncover, study item by item. +<i>View</i> and <i>survey</i> are comprehensive, <i>survey</i> expressing the greater +exactness of measurement or estimate. <i>Watch</i> brings in the element +of time and often of wariness; we <i>watch</i> for a movement +or change, a signal, the approach of an enemy, etc. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#APPEAR">APPEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="LOVE" id="LOVE"></a>LOVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affection,</td><td>charity,</td><td>friendship,</td><td>regard,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attachment,</td><td>devotion,</td><td>liking,</td><td>tenderness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>attraction,</td><td colspan="3">fondness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Affection</i> is kindly feeling, deep, tender, and constant, going out +to some person or object, being less fervent and ardent than <i>love</i>, +whether applied to persons or things. <i>Love</i> is an intense and +absorbing emotion, drawing one toward a person or object and +causing one to appreciate, delight in, and crave the presence or +possession of the person or object loved, and to desire to please and +benefit the person, or to advance the cause, truth, or other object +of <i>affection</i>; it is the yearning or outgoing of soul toward something +that is regarded as excellent, beautiful, or desirable; <i>love</i> +may be briefly defined as strong and absorbing <i>affection</i> for and +<i>attraction</i> toward a person or object. <i>Love</i> may denote the sublimest +and holiest spiritual <i>affection</i> as when we are taught that "God +is <i>love</i>." <i>Charity</i> has so far swung aside from this original meaning +that probably it never can be recalled (compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BENEVOLENCE">BENEVOLENCE</a></span>). +The Revised Version uses <i>love</i> in place of <i>charity</i> in <i>1 Cor.</i> +xiii, and elsewhere. <i>Love</i> is more intense, absorbing, and tender +than <i>friendship</i>, more intense, impulsive, and perhaps passionate +than <i>affection</i>; we speak of fervent <i>love</i>, but of deep or tender +<i>affection</i>, or of close, firm, strong <i>friendship</i>. <i>Love</i> is used specifically +for personal <i>affection</i> between the sexes in the highest +sense, the <i>love</i> that normally leads to marriage, and subsists +throughout all happy wedded life. <i>Love</i> can never properly denote +mere animal passion, which is expressed by such words as appetite, +desire, lust. One may properly be said to have <i>love</i> for animals, +for inanimate objects, or for abstract qualities that enlist the +affections, as we speak of <i>love</i> for a horse or a dog, for mountains,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span> +woods, ocean, or of <i>love</i> of nature, and <i>love</i> of virtue. <i>Love</i> of +articles of food is better expressed by <i>liking</i>, as <i>love</i>, in its full +sense, expresses something spiritual and reciprocal, such as can +have no place in connection with objects that minister merely to +the senses. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTACHMENT">ATTACHMENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRIENDSHIP">FRIENDSHIP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIPATHY">ANTIPATHY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENMITY">ENMITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Love <i>of</i> country; <i>for</i> humanity; love <i>to</i> God and man.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MAKE" id="MAKE"></a>MAKE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>become,</td><td>constrain,</td><td>fabricate,</td><td>manufacture,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring about,</td><td>construct,</td><td>fashion,</td><td>occasion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring into being,</td><td>create,</td><td>force,</td><td>perform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring to pass,</td><td>do,</td><td>frame,</td><td>reach,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cause,</td><td>effect,</td><td>get,</td><td>render,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compel,</td><td>establish,</td><td>make out,</td><td>require,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compose,</td><td>execute,</td><td>make up,</td><td>shape.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">constitute,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Make</i> is essentially causative; to the idea of <i>cause</i> all its various +senses may be traced (compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>). To +<i>make</i> is to <i>cause</i> to exist, or to <i>cause</i> to exist in a certain form or +in certain relations; the word thus includes the idea of <i>create</i>, as +in <i>Gen.</i> i, 31, "And God saw everything that he had <i>made</i>, and, +behold, it was very good." <i>Make</i> includes also the idea of <i>compose</i>, +<i>constitute</i>; as, the parts <i>make up</i> the whole. Similarly, to +<i>cause</i> a voluntary agent to do a certain act is to <i>make</i> him do it, +or <i>compel</i> him to do it, <i>compel</i> fixing the attention more on the +process, <i>make</i> on the accomplished fact. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPEL">COMPEL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#INFLUENCE">INFLUENCE</a></span>; (make better) <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMEND">AMEND</a></span>; (make haste) <span class="smcl"><a href="#QUICKEN">QUICKEN</a></span>; (make +known) <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANNOUNCE">ANNOUNCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#AVOW">AVOW</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONFESS">CONFESS</a></span>; (make prisoner) <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARREST">ARREST</a></span>; +(make up) <span class="smcl"><a href="#ADD">ADD</a></span>; (make void) <span class="smcl"><a href="#CANCEL">CANCEL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BREAK">BREAK</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEMOLISH">DEMOLISH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Make <i>of</i>, <i>out of</i>, or <i>from</i> certain materials, <i>into</i> a certain form, +<i>for</i> a certain purpose or person; made <i>with</i> hands, <i>by</i> hand; made +<i>by</i> a prisoner, <i>with</i> a jack-knife.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MARRIAGE" id="MARRIAGE"></a>MARRIAGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conjugal union,</td><td>espousals,</td><td>nuptials,</td><td>spousals,</td><td>wedding,</td></tr> +<tr><td>espousal,</td><td>matrimony,</td><td>spousal,</td><td>union,</td><td>wedlock.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Matrimony</i> denotes the state of those who are united in the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> +relation of husband and wife; <i>marriage</i> denotes primarily the act +of so uniting, but is extensively used for the state as well. <i>Wedlock</i>, +a word of specific legal use, is the Saxon term for the state +or relation denoted by <i>matrimony</i>. <i>Wedding</i> denotes the ceremony, +with any attendant festivities, by which two persons are +united as husband and wife, <i>nuptials</i> being the more formal and +stately term to express the same idea.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bachelorhood,</td><td>celibacy,</td><td>divorce,</td><td>maidenhood,</td><td>virginity,</td><td>widowhood.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Marriage <i>of</i> or <i>between</i> two persons; <i>of</i> one person <i>to</i> or <i>with</i> +another; <i>among</i> the Greeks.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MASCULINE" id="MASCULINE"></a>MASCULINE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>male,</td><td>manful,</td><td>manlike,</td><td>manly,</td><td>mannish,</td><td>virile.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We apply <i>male</i> to the sex, <i>masculine</i> to the qualities, especially +to the stronger, hardier, and more imperious qualities that distinguish +the <i>male</i> sex; as applied to women, <i>masculine</i> has often +the depreciatory sense of unwomanly, rude, or harsh; as, a <i>masculine</i> +face or voice, or the like; tho one may say in a commendatory +way, she acted with <i>masculine</i> courage or decision. +<i>Manlike</i> may mean only having the outward appearance or +semblance of a man, or may be closely equivalent to <i>manly</i>. +<i>Manly</i> refers to all the qualities and traits worthy of a man; +<i>manful</i>, especially to the valor and prowess that become a man; +we speak of a <i>manful</i> struggle, <i>manly</i> decision; we say <i>manly</i> +gentleness or tenderness; we could not say <i>manful</i> tenderness. +<i>Mannish</i> is a depreciatory word referring to the mimicry or parade +of some superficial qualities of manhood; as, a <i>mannish</i> boy +or woman. <i>Masculine</i> may apply to the distinctive qualities of +the <i>male</i> sex at any age; <i>virile</i> applies to the distinctive qualities +of mature manhood only, as opposed not only to <i>feminine</i> or <i>womanly</i> +but to <i>childish</i>, and is thus an emphatic word for <i>sturdy</i>, +<i>intrepid</i>, etc.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#FEMININE">FEMININE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MASSACRE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>butchery,</td><td>carnage,</td><td>havoc,</td><td>slaughter.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>massacre</i> is the indiscriminate killing in numbers of the unresisting<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> +or defenseless; <i>butchery</i> is the killing of men rudely and +ruthlessly as cattle are killed in the shambles. <i>Havoc</i> may not be +so complete as <i>massacre</i>, nor so coldly brutal as <i>butchery</i>, but is +more widely spread and furious; it is destruction let loose, and +may be applied to organizations, interests, etc., as well as to human +life; "as for Saul, he made <i>havoc</i> of the church," <i>Acts</i> viii, +3. <i>Carnage</i> (Latin <i>caro, carnis</i>, flesh) refers to widely scattered +or heaped up corpses of the slain; <i>slaughter</i> is similar in meaning, +but refers more to the process, as <i>carnage</i> does to the result; these +two words only of the group may be used of great destruction of +life in open and honorable battle, as when we say the enemy was +repulsed with great <i>slaughter</i>, or the <i>carnage</i> was terrible.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MEDDLESOME" id="MEDDLESOME"></a>MEDDLESOME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>impertinent,</td><td>intrusive,</td><td>meddling,</td><td>obtrusive,</td><td>officious.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>meddlesome</i> person interferes unasked in the affairs of +others; the <i>intrusive</i> person thrusts himself uninvited into their +company or conversation; the <i>obtrusive</i> person thrusts himself or +his opinions conceitedly and undesirably upon their notice; the +<i>officious</i> person thrusts his services, unasked and undesired, upon +others. <i>Obtrusive</i> is oftener applied to words, qualities, actions, +etc., than to persons; <i>intrusive</i> is used chiefly of persons, as is +<i>officious</i>, tho we speak of <i>officious</i> attentions, <i>intrusive</i> remarks; +<i>meddlesome</i> is used indifferently of persons, or of words, qualities, +actions, etc. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INQUISITIVE">INQUISITIVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INTERPOSE">INTERPOSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>modest,</td><td>reserved,</td><td>retiring,</td><td>shy,</td><td>unassuming,</td><td>unobtrusive.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MELODY" id="MELODY"></a>MELODY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>harmony,</td><td>music,</td><td>symphony,</td><td>unison.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Harmony</i> is simultaneous; <i>melody</i> is successive; <i>harmony</i> is +the pleasing correspondence of two or more notes sounded at once, +<i>melody</i> the pleasing succession of a number of notes continuously +following one another. A <i>melody</i> may be wholly in one part; +<i>harmony</i> must be of two or more parts. Accordant notes of different +pitch sounded simultaneously produce <i>harmony</i>; <i>unison</i> is +the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes of the same pitch. +When the pitch is the same, there may be <i>unison</i> between sounds +of very different volume and quality, as a voice and a bell may<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> +sound in <i>unison</i>. Tones sounded at the interval of an octave are +also said to be in <i>unison</i>, altho this is not literally exact; this +usage arises from the fact that bass and tenor voices in attempting +to sound the same note as the soprano and alto will in fact sound +a note an octave below. <i>Music</i> may denote the simplest <i>melody</i> +or the most complex and perfect <i>harmony</i>. A <i>symphony</i> (apart +from its technical orchestral sense) is any pleasing consonance of +musical sounds, vocal or instrumental, as of many accordant voices +or instruments.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MEMORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>recollection,</td><td rowspan="2">reminiscence,</td><td rowspan="2">retrospect,</td><td rowspan="2">retrospection.</td></tr> +<tr><td>remembrance,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Memory</i> is the faculty by which knowledge is retained or +recalled; in a more general sense, <i>memory</i> is a retention of +knowledge within the grasp of the mind, while <i>remembrance</i> is the +having what is known consciously before the mind. <i>Remembrance</i> +may be voluntary or involuntary; a thing is brought to <i>remembrance</i> +or we call it to <i>remembrance</i>; the same is true of <i>memory</i>. +<i>Recollection</i> involves volition, the mind making a distinct effort to +recall something, or fixing the attention actively upon it when +recalled. <i>Reminiscence</i> is a half-dreamy <i>memory</i> of scenes or +events long past; <i>retrospection</i> is a distinct turning of the mind +back upon the past, bringing long periods under survey. +<i>Retrospection</i> is to <i>reminiscence</i> much what <i>recollection</i> is to +<i>remembrance</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>forgetfulness,</td><td>oblivion,</td><td>obliviousness,</td><td>oversight,</td><td>unconsciousness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MERCY" id="MERCY"></a>MERCY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>benevolence,</td><td>favor,</td><td>kindness,</td><td>mildness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benignity,</td><td>forbearance,</td><td>lenience,</td><td>pardon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blessing,</td><td>forgiveness,</td><td>leniency,</td><td>pity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clemency,</td><td>gentleness,</td><td>lenity,</td><td>tenderness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>compassion,</td><td colspan="3">grace,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Mercy</i> is the exercise of less severity than one deserves, or in a +more extended sense, the granting of <i>kindness</i> or <i>favor</i> beyond +what one may rightly claim. <i>Grace</i> is <i>favor</i>, <i>kindness</i>, or <i>blessing</i> +shown to the undeserving; <i>forgiveness</i>, <i>mercy</i>, and <i>pardon</i> are +exercised toward the ill-deserving. <i>Pardon</i> remits the outward +penalty which the offender deserves; <i>forgiveness</i> dismisses resentment +or displeasure from the heart of the one offended;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> +<i>mercy</i> seeks the highest possible good of the offender. There may +be <i>mercy</i> without <i>pardon</i>, as in the mitigation of sentence, or in +all possible alleviation of necessary severity; there may be cases +where <i>pardon</i> would not be <i>mercy</i>, since it would encourage to +repetition of the offense, from which timely punishment might +have saved. <i>Mercy</i> is also used in the wider sense of refraining +from harshness or cruelty toward those who are in one's power +without fault of their own; as, they besought the robber to have +<i>mercy</i>. <i>Clemency</i> is a colder word than <i>mercy</i>, and without its +religious associations, signifying <i>mildness</i> and moderation in the +use of power where severity would have legal or military, +rather than moral sanction; it often denotes a habitual <i>mildness</i> +of disposition on the part of the powerful, and is matter rather of +good nature or policy than of principle. <i>Leniency</i> or <i>lenity</i> denotes +an easy-going avoidance of severity; these words are more +general and less magisterial than <i>clemency</i>; we should speak of +the <i>leniency</i> of a parent, the <i>clemency</i> of a conqueror. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PITY">PITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cruelty,</td><td>implacability,</td><td>punishment,</td><td>rigor,</td><td>sternness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hardness,</td><td>justice,</td><td>revenge,</td><td>severity,</td><td>vengeance.</td></tr> +<tr><td>harshness,</td><td colspan="4">penalty,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The mercy <i>of</i> God <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i> sinners; have mercy <i>on</i> or +<i>upon</i> one.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="METER" id="METER"></a>METER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>euphony,</td><td>measure,</td><td>rhythm,</td><td>verse.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Euphony</i> is agreeable linguistic sound, however produced; +<i>meter</i>, <i>measure</i>, and <i>rhythm</i> denote agreeable succession of sounds +in the utterance of connected words; <i>euphony</i> may apply to a +single word or even a single syllable; the other words apply to +lines, sentences, paragraphs, etc.; <i>rhythm</i> and <i>meter</i> may be produced +by accent only, as in English, or by accent and quantity +combined, as in Greek or Italian; <i>rhythm</i> or <i>measure</i> may apply +either to prose or to poetry, or to music, dancing, etc.; <i>meter</i> is +more precise than <i>rhythm</i>, applies only to poetry, and denotes +a measured <i>rhythm</i> with regular divisions into <i>verses</i>, stanzas, +strophes, etc. A <i>verse</i> is strictly a metrical line, but the word is +often used as synonymous with stanza. <i>Verse</i>, in the general +sense, denotes metrical writing without reference to the thought +involved; as, prose and <i>verse</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MELODY">MELODY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POETRY">POETRY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="MIND" id="MIND"></a>MIND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brain,</td><td>instinct,</td><td>reason,</td><td>spirit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consciousness,</td><td>intellect,</td><td>sense,</td><td>thought,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disposition,</td><td>intelligence,</td><td>soul,</td><td>understanding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Mind</i>, in a general sense, includes all the powers of sentient +being apart from the physical factors in bodily faculties and activities; +in a limited sense, <i>mind</i> is nearly synonymous with <i>intellect</i>, +but includes <i>disposition</i>, or the tendency toward action, as appears +in the phrase "to have a <i>mind</i> to work." As the seat of mental +activity, <i>brain</i> (colloquially <i>brains</i>) is often used as a synonym for +<i>mind</i>, <i>intellect</i>, <i>intelligence</i>. <i>Thought</i>, the act, process, or power +of thinking, is often used to denote the thinking faculty, and especially +the <i>reason</i>. The <i>instinct</i> of animals is now held by many +philosophers to be of the same nature as the <i>intellect</i> of man, but +inferior and limited; yet the apparent difference is very great.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>An <i>instinct</i> is a propensity prior to experience and independent of instruction.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Paley</span> <i>Natural Philosophy</i> ch. 18.</p></div> + +<p>In this sense we speak of human <i>instincts</i>, thus denoting tendencies +independent of reasoning or instruction. The <i>soul</i> includes +the <i>intellect</i>, sensibilities, and will; beyond what is expressed by +the word <i>mind</i>, the <i>soul</i> denotes especially the moral, the immortal +nature; we say of a dead body, the <i>soul</i> (not the <i>mind</i>) has fled. +<i>Spirit</i> is used especially in contradistinction from matter; it may +in many cases be substituted for <i>soul</i>, but <i>soul</i> has commonly a +fuller and more determinate meaning; we can conceive of <i>spirits</i> +as having no moral nature; the fairies, elves, and brownies of +mythology might be termed <i>spirits</i>, but not <i>souls</i>. In the figurative +sense, <i>spirit</i> denotes animation, excitability, perhaps impatience; +as, a lad of <i>spirit</i>; he sang with <i>spirit</i>; he replied with +<i>spirit</i>. <i>Soul</i> denotes energy and depth of feeling, as when we +speak of soulful eyes; or it may denote the very life of anything; +as, "the hidden <i>soul</i> of harmony," <span class="smc">Milton</span> <i>L'Allegro</i> l. 144. +<i>Sense</i> may be an antonym of <i>intellect</i>, as when we speak of the +<i>sense</i> of hearing; but <i>sense</i> is used also as denoting clear mental +action, good judgment, acumen; as, he is a man of <i>sense</i>, or, he +showed good <i>sense</i>; <i>sense</i>, even in its material signification, must +be reckoned among the activities of <i>mind</i>, tho dependent on bodily +functions; the <i>mind</i>, not the eye, really sees; the <i>mind</i>, not +the ear, really hears. <i>Consciousness</i> includes all that a sentient +being perceives, knows, thinks, or feels, from whatever source +arising and of whatever character, kind, or degree, whether with<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> +or without distinct thinking, feeling, or willing; we speak of the +<i>consciousness</i> of the brute, of the savage, or of the sage. The <i>intellect</i> +is that assemblage of faculties which is concerned with +knowledge, as distinguished from emotion and volition. <i>Understanding</i> +is the Saxon word of the same general import, but is +chiefly used of the reasoning powers; the <i>understanding</i>, which +Sir Wm. Hamilton has called "the faculty of relations and comparisons," +is distinguished by many philosophers from <i>reason</i> in +that "<i>reason</i> is the faculty of the higher cognitions or a priori +truth."</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>body,</td><td>brawn,</td><td>brute force,</td><td>material substance,</td><td>matter.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MINUTE" id="MINUTE"></a>MINUTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>circumstantial,</td><td>diminutive,</td><td>little,</td><td>slender,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comminuted,</td><td>exact,</td><td>particular,</td><td>small,</td></tr> +<tr><td>critical,</td><td>fine,</td><td>precise,</td><td>tiny.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">detailed,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>minute</i> which is of exceedingly limited dimensions, as a +grain of dust, or which attends to matters of exceedingly slight +amount or apparent importance; as, a <i>minute</i> account; <i>minute</i> +observation. That which is broken up into <i>minute</i> particles is said +to be <i>comminuted</i>; things may be termed <i>fine</i> which would not be +termed <i>comminuted</i>; as, <i>fine</i> sand; <i>fine</i> gravel; but, in using the +adverb, we say a substance is finely <i>comminuted</i>, <i>comminuted</i> referring +more to the process, <i>fine</i> to the result. An account extended +to very <i>minute</i> particulars is <i>circumstantial</i>, <i>detailed</i>, <i>particular</i>; +an examination so extended is <i>critical</i>, <i>exact</i>, <i>precise</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FINE">FINE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#LARGE">LARGE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MISFORTUNE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adversity,</td><td>disappointment,</td><td>ill fortune,</td><td>ruin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affliction,</td><td>disaster,</td><td>ill luck,</td><td>sorrow,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bereavement,</td><td>distress,</td><td>misadventure,</td><td>stroke,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blow,</td><td>failure,</td><td>mischance,</td><td>trial,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calamity,</td><td>hardship,</td><td>misery,</td><td>tribulation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chastening,</td><td>harm,</td><td>mishap,</td><td>trouble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chastisement,</td><td>ill,</td><td>reverse,</td><td>visitation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Misfortune</i> is adverse fortune or any instance thereof, any untoward +event, usually of lingering character or consequences, and +such as the sufferer is not deemed directly responsible for; as, he<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span> +had the <i>misfortune</i> to be born blind. Any considerable <i>disappointment</i>, +<i>failure</i>, or <i>misfortune</i>, as regards outward circumstances, +as loss of fortune, position, and the like, when long continued or +attended with enduring consequences, constitutes <i>adversity</i>. For +the loss of friends by death we commonly use <i>affliction</i> or <i>bereavement</i>. +<i>Calamity</i> and <i>disaster</i> are used of sudden and severe <i>misfortunes</i>, +often overwhelming; <i>ill fortune</i> and <i>ill luck</i>, of lighter +troubles and failures. We speak of the <i>misery</i> of the poor, the +<i>hardships</i> of the soldier. <i>Affliction</i>, <i>chastening</i>, <i>trial</i>, and <i>tribulation</i> +have all an especially religious bearing, suggesting some +disciplinary purpose of God with beneficent design. <i>Affliction</i> +may be keen and bitter, but brief; <i>tribulation</i> is long and wearing. +We speak of an <i>affliction</i>, but rarely of a <i>tribulation</i>, since +<i>tribulation</i> is viewed as a continuous process, which may endure +for years or for a lifetime; but we speak of our daily <i>trials</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CATASTROPHE">CATASTROPHE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blessing,</td><td>consolation,</td><td>gratification,</td><td>pleasure,</td><td>success,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boon,</td><td>good fortune,</td><td>happiness,</td><td>prosperity,</td><td>triumph.</td></tr> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>good luck,</td><td>joy,</td><td colspan="2">relief,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MOB" id="MOB"></a>MOB.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>canaille,</td><td>dregs of the people,</td><td>masses,</td><td>rabble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crowd,</td><td>lower classes,</td><td>populace,</td><td>the vulgar.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>populace</i> are poor and ignorant, but may be law-abiding; +a <i>mob</i> is disorderly and lawless, but may be rich and influential. +The <i>rabble</i> is despicable, worthless, purposeless; a <i>mob</i> may have +effective desperate purpose. A <i>crowd</i> may be drawn by mere +curiosity; some strong, pervading excitement is needed to make +it a <i>mob</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PEOPLE">PEOPLE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MODEL" id="MODEL"></a>MODEL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>archetype,</td><td>facsimile,</td><td>original,</td><td>representation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>copy,</td><td>image,</td><td>pattern,</td><td>standard,</td></tr> +<tr><td>design,</td><td>imitation,</td><td>prototype,</td><td>type.</td></tr> +<tr><td>example,</td><td colspan="3">mold,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>pattern</i> is always, in modern use, that which is to be copied; +a <i>model</i> may be either the thing to be copied or the <i>copy</i> that has +been made from it; as, the <i>models</i> in the Patent Office. A <i>pattern</i> +is commonly superficial; a <i>model</i> is usually in relief. A +<i>pattern</i> must be closely followed in its minutest particulars by a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> +faithful copyist; a <i>model</i> may allow a great degree of freedom. +A sculptor may idealize his living <i>model</i>; his workmen must exactly +<i>copy</i> in marble or metal the <i>model</i> he has made in clay. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEA">IDEA</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDEAL">IDEAL</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MODESTY" id="MODESTY"></a>MODESTY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>backwardness,</td><td>constraint,</td><td>reserve,</td><td>timidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>coyness,</td><td>shyness,</td><td>unobtrusiveness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>coldness,</td><td colspan="3">diffidence,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bashfulness</i> is a shrinking from notice without assignable reason. +<i>Coyness</i> is a half encouragement, half avoidance of offered +attention, and may be real or affected. <i>Diffidence</i> is self-distrust; +<i>modesty</i>, a humble estimate of oneself in comparison with others, +or with the demands of some undertaking. <i>Modesty</i> has also the +specific meaning of a sensitive shrinking from anything indelicate. +<i>Shyness</i> is a tendency to shrink from observation; <i>timidity</i>, a distinct +fear of criticism, error, or failure. <i>Reserve</i> is the holding +oneself aloof from others, or holding back one's feelings from expression, +or one's affairs from communication to others. <i>Reserve</i> +may be the retreat of <i>shyness</i>, or, on the other hand, the contemptuous +withdrawal of pride and haughtiness. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABASH">ABASH</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIDE">PRIDE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#TACITURN">TACITURN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>boldness,</td><td>forwardness,</td><td>impudence,</td><td>pertness,</td><td rowspan="4">sociability.</td></tr> +<tr><td>arrogance,</td><td>conceit,</td><td>frankness,</td><td>indiscretion,</td><td>sauciness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assumption,</td><td>confidence,</td><td>freedom,</td><td>loquaciousness,</td><td>self-conceit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assurance,</td><td>egotism,</td><td>haughtiness,</td><td>loquacity,</td><td>self-sufficiency,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MONEY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bills,</td><td>cash,</td><td>funds,</td><td>property,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bullion,</td><td>coin,</td><td>gold,</td><td>silver,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capital,</td><td>currency,</td><td>notes,</td><td>specie.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Money</i> is the authorized medium of exchange; coined <i>money</i> +is called <i>coin</i> or <i>specie</i>. What are termed in England bank-<i>notes</i> +are in the United States commonly called <i>bills</i>; as, a five-dollar +<i>bill</i>. The <i>notes</i> of responsible men are readily transferable in commercial +circles, but they are not <i>money</i>; as, the stock was sold for +$500 in <i>money</i> and the balance in merchantable paper. <i>Cash</i> is +<i>specie</i> or <i>money</i> in hand, or paid in hand; as, the <i>cash</i> account; +the <i>cash</i> price. In the legal sense, <i>property</i> is not <i>money</i>, and +<i>money</i> is not <i>property</i>; for <i>property</i> is that which has inherent +value, while <i>money</i>, as such, has but representative value, and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> +may or may not have intrinsic value. <i>Bullion</i> is either <i>gold</i> or +<i>silver</i> uncoined, or the coined metal considered without reference +to its coinage, but simply as merchandise, when its value as <i>bullion</i> +may be very different from its value as <i>money</i>. The word +<i>capital</i> is used chiefly of accumulated <i>property</i> or <i>money</i> invested +in productive enterprises or available for such investment.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MOROSE" id="MOROSE"></a>MOROSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acrimonious,</td><td>dogged,</td><td>ill-natured,</td><td>splenetic,</td></tr> +<tr><td>churlish,</td><td>gloomy,</td><td>severe,</td><td>sulky,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crabbed,</td><td>gruff,</td><td>snappish,</td><td>sullen,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crusty,</td><td>ill-humored,</td><td>sour,</td><td>surly.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>sullen</i> and <i>sulky</i> are discontented and resentful in regard +to that against which they are too proud to protest, or consider all +protest vain; <i>sullen</i> denotes more of pride, <i>sulky</i> more of resentful +obstinacy. The <i>morose</i> are bitterly dissatisfied with the world in +general, and disposed to vent their ill nature upon others. The +<i>sullen</i> and <i>sulky</i> are for the most part silent; the <i>morose</i> growl +out bitter speeches. A <i>surly</i> person is in a state of latent anger, +resenting approach as intrusion, and ready to take offense at anything; +thus we speak of a <i>surly</i> dog. <i>Sullen</i> and <i>sulky</i> moods may +be transitory; one who is <i>morose</i> or <i>surly</i> is commonly so by disposition +or habit.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amiable,</td><td>complaisant,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>kind,</td><td>pleasant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benignant,</td><td>friendly,</td><td>good-natured,</td><td>loving,</td><td>sympathetic,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bland,</td><td>genial,</td><td>indulgent,</td><td>mild,</td><td>tender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MOTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>act,</td><td>change,</td><td>movement,</td><td>process,</td><td>transition.</td></tr> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>move,</td><td>passage,</td><td colspan="2">transit,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Motion</i> is <i>change</i> of place or position in space; <i>transition</i> is a +passing from one point or position in space to another. <i>Motion</i> +may be either abstract or concrete, more frequently the former; +<i>movement</i> is always concrete, that is, considered in connection +with the thing that moves or is moved; thus, we speak of the +<i>movements</i> of the planets, but of the laws of planetary <i>motion</i>; +of military <i>movements</i>, but of perpetual <i>motion</i>. <i>Move</i> is used +chiefly of contests or competition, as in chess or politics; as, it is +your <i>move</i>; a shrewd <i>move</i> of the opposition. <i>Action</i> is a more +comprehensive word than <i>motion</i>. We now rarely speak of mental<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span> +or spiritual <i>motions</i>, but rather of mental or spiritual <i>acts</i> or +<i>processes</i>, or of the laws of mental <i>action</i>, but a formal proposal +of <i>action</i> in a deliberative assembly is termed a <i>motion</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ACT_n">ACT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>immobility,</td><td>quiescence,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>repose,</td><td>rest,</td><td>stillness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MOURN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bemoan,</td><td>deplore,</td><td>lament,</td><td>regret,</td><td>rue,</td><td>sorrow.</td></tr> +<tr><td>bewail,</td><td colspan="5">grieve,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>mourn</i> is to feel or express sadness or distress because of +some loss, affliction, or misfortune; <i>mourning</i> is thought of as +prolonged, <i>grief</i> or <i>regret</i> may be transient. One may <i>grieve</i> or +<i>mourn</i>, <i>regret</i>, <i>rue</i>, or <i>sorrow</i> without a sound; he <i>bemoans</i> with +suppressed and often inarticulate sounds of grief; he <i>bewails</i> with +passionate utterance, whether of inarticulate cries or of spoken +words. He <i>laments</i> in plaintive or pathetic words, as the prophet +Jeremiah in his "Lamentations." One <i>deplores</i> with settled sorrow +which may or may not find relief in words. One is made to +<i>rue</i> an act by some misfortune resulting, or by some penalty or +vengeance inflicted because of it. One <i>regrets</i> a slight misfortune +or a hasty word; he <i>sorrows</i> over the death of a friend.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be joyful,</td><td>exult,</td><td>joy,</td><td>make merry,</td><td>rejoice,</td><td>triumph.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>MUTUAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>correlative,</td><td>interchangeable,</td><td>joint,</td><td>reciprocal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>common</i> to which two or more persons have the same +or equal claims, or in which they have equal interest or participation; +in the strictest sense, that is <i>mutual</i> (Latin <i>mutare</i>, to +change) which is freely interchanged; that is <i>reciprocal</i> in respect +to which one act or movement is met by a corresponding act or +movement in return; we speak of our <i>common</i> country, <i>mutual</i> +affection, <i>reciprocal</i> obligations, the <i>reciprocal</i> action of cause +and effect, where the effect becomes in turn a cause. Many +good writers hold it incorrect to say "a <i>mutual</i> friend," and insist +that "a <i>common</i> friend" would be more accurate; but "<i>common</i> +friend" is practically never used, because of the disagreeable suggestion +that attaches to <i>common</i>, of ordinary or inferior. "<i>Mutual</i> +friend" has high literary authority (of Burke, Scott, Dickens, +and others), and a considerable usage of good society in its favor,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span> +the expression being quite naturally derived from the thoroughly +correct phrase <i>mutual</i> friendship.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>detached,</td><td>distinct,</td><td>separate,</td><td>severed,</td><td>unconnected,</td><td>unrequited,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disconnected,</td><td>disunited,</td><td>separated,</td><td>sundered,</td><td>unreciprocated,</td><td>unshared.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="6">dissociated,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="MYSTERIOUS" id="MYSTERIOUS"></a>MYSTERIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstruse,</td><td>inexplicable,</td><td>recondite,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cabalistic,</td><td>inscrutable,</td><td>secret,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dark,</td><td>mystic,</td><td>transcendental,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enigmatical,</td><td>mystical,</td><td>unfathomable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hidden,</td><td>obscure,</td><td>unfathomed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>incomprehensible,</td><td>occult,</td><td>unknown.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>mysterious</i> in the true sense which is beyond human +comprehension, as the decrees of God or the origin of life. That +is <i>mystic</i> or <i>mystical</i> which has associated with it some <i>hidden</i> or +<i>recondite</i> meaning, especially of a religious kind; as, the <i>mystic</i> +Babylon of the Apocalypse. That is <i>dark</i> which we can not personally +see through, especially if sadly perplexing; as, a <i>dark</i> +providence. That is <i>secret</i> which is intentionally <i>hidden</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DARK">DARK</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEAR">CLEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NAME" id="NAME"></a>NAME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agnomen,</td><td>denomination,</td><td>prenomen,</td><td>surname,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appellation,</td><td>designation,</td><td>style,</td><td>title.</td></tr> +<tr><td>cognomen,</td><td colspan="3">epithet,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Name</i> in the most general sense, signifying the word by which +a person or thing is called or known, includes all other words of +this group; in this sense every noun is a <i>name</i>; in the more limited +sense a <i>name</i> is personal, an <i>appellation</i> is descriptive, a <i>title</i> +is official. In the phrase William the Conqueror, King of England, +William is the man's <i>name</i>, which belongs to him personally, +independently of any rank or achievement; Conqueror is the <i>appellation</i> +which he won by his acquisition of England; King is +the <i>title</i> denoting his royal rank. An <i>epithet</i> (Gr. <i>epitheton</i>, +something added, from <i>epi</i>, on, and <i>tithemi</i>, put) is something +placed upon a person or thing; the <i>epithet</i> does not strictly belong +to an object like a <i>name</i>, but is given to mark some assumed +characteristic, good or bad; an <i>epithet</i> is always an adjective, or +a word or phrase used as an adjective, and is properly used to emphasize +a characteristic but not to add information, as in the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> +phrase "the <i>sounding</i> sea;" the idea that an <i>epithet</i> is always +opprobrious, and that any word used opprobriously is an <i>epithet</i> is +a popular error. <i>Designation</i> may be used much in the sense of +<i>appellation</i>, but is more distinctive or specific in meaning; a <i>designation</i> +properly so called rests upon some inherent quality, while +an <i>appellation</i> may be fanciful. Among the Romans the <i>prenomen</i> +was the individual part of a man's <i>name</i>, the "nomen" +designated the gens to which he belonged, the <i>cognomen</i> showed +his family and was borne by all patricians, and the <i>agnomen</i> was +added to refer to his achievements or character. When scientists +<i>name</i> an animal or a plant, they give it a binary or binomial technical +<i>name</i> comprising a generic and a specific <i>appellation</i>. In +modern use, a personal <i>name</i>, as John or Mary, is given in infancy, +and is often called the given <i>name</i> or Christian <i>name</i>, or simply +the first <i>name</i> (rarely the <i>prenomen</i>); the <i>cognomen</i> or <i>surname</i> +is the family <i>name</i> which belongs to one by right of birth or marriage. +<i>Style</i> is the legal <i>designation</i> by which a person or house +is known in official or business relations; as, the <i>name</i> and <i>style</i> +of Baring Brothers. The term <i>denomination</i> is applied to a separate +religious organization, without the opprobrious meaning +attaching to the word "sect;" also, to designate any class of like objects +collectively, especially money or notes of a certain value; as, +the sum was in notes of the <i>denomination</i> of one thousand dollars. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#TERM">TERM</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NATIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>indigenous,</td><td>innate,</td><td>natal,</td><td>natural,</td><td>original.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Native</i> denotes that which belongs to one by birth; <i>natal</i> that +which pertains to the event of birth; <i>natural</i> denotes that which +rests upon inherent qualities of character or being. We speak of +one's <i>native</i> country, or of his <i>natal</i> day; of <i>natural</i> ability, <i>native</i> +genius. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INHERENT">INHERENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIMEVAL">PRIMEVAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#RADICAL">RADICAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acquired,</td><td>alien,</td><td>artificial,</td><td>assumed,</td><td>foreign,</td><td>unnatural.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NAUTICAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>marine,</td><td>maritime,</td><td>naval,</td><td>ocean,</td><td>oceanic.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Marine</i> (L. <i>mare</i>, sea) signifies belonging to the ocean, <i>maritime</i>, +a secondary derivative from the same root, bordering on or<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> +connected with the <i>ocean</i>; as, <i>marine</i> products; <i>marine</i> animals; +<i>maritime</i> nations; <i>maritime</i> laws. <i>Nautical</i> (Gr. <i>nautes</i>, a sailor) +denotes primarily anything connected with sailors, and hence +with ships or navigation; <i>naval</i> (L. <i>navis</i>, Gr. <i>naus</i>, a ship) refers +to the armed force of a nation on the sea, and, by extension, to +similar forces on lakes and rivers; as, a <i>naval</i> force; a <i>nautical</i> +almanac. <i>Ocean</i>, used adjectively, is applied to that which belongs +to or is part of the <i>ocean</i>; <i>oceanic</i> may be used in the same +sense, but is especially applied to that which borders on (or upon) +or is connected with, or which is similar to or suggestive of an +<i>ocean</i>; we speak of <i>ocean</i> currents, <i>oceanic</i> islands, or, perhaps, +of an <i>oceanic</i> intellect.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NEAT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clean,</td><td>dapper,</td><td>nice,</td><td>prim,</td><td>tidy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cleanly,</td><td>natty,</td><td>orderly,</td><td>spruce,</td><td>trim.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>clean</i> is simply free from soil or defilement of +any kind. Things are <i>orderly</i> when in due relation to other things; +a room or desk is <i>orderly</i> when every article is in place; a person +is <i>orderly</i> who habitually keeps things so. <i>Tidy</i> denotes that +which conforms to propriety in general; an unlaced shoe may be +perfectly <i>clean</i>, but is not <i>tidy</i>. <i>Neat</i> refers to that which is <i>clean</i> +and <i>tidy</i> with nothing superfluous, conspicuous, or showy, as when +we speak of plain but <i>neat</i> attire; the same idea of freedom from +the superfluous appears in the phrases "a <i>neat</i> speech," "a <i>neat</i> +turn," "a <i>neat</i> reply," etc. A <i>clean</i> cut has no ragged edges; a +<i>neat</i> stroke just does what is intended. <i>Nice</i> is stronger than <i>neat</i>, +implying value and beauty; a <i>cheap</i>, coarse dress may be perfectly +<i>neat</i>, but would not be termed <i>nice</i>. <i>Spruce</i> is applied to the show +and affectation of neatness with a touch of smartness, and is always +a term of mild contempt; as, a <i>spruce</i> serving man. <i>Trim</i> +denotes a certain shapely and elegant firmness, often with suppleness +and grace; as, a <i>trim</i> suit; a <i>trim</i> figure. <i>Prim</i> applies to a +precise, formal, affected nicety. <i>Dapper</i> is <i>spruce</i> with the suggestion +of smallness and slightness; <i>natty</i>, a diminutive of <i>neat</i>, +suggests minute elegance, with a tendency toward the exquisite; +as, a <i>dapper</i> little fellow in a <i>natty</i> business suit.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dirty,</td><td>negligent,</td><td>slouchy,</td><td>uncared for,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disorderly,</td><td>rough,</td><td>slovenly,</td><td>unkempt,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dowdy,</td><td>rude,</td><td>soiled,</td><td>untidy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="NECESSARY" id="NECESSARY"></a>NECESSARY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>essential,</td><td>infallible,</td><td>required,</td><td>unavoidable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>indispensable,</td><td>needed,</td><td>requisite,</td><td>undeniable.</td></tr> +<tr><td>inevitable,</td><td colspan="3">needful,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>necessary</i> which must exist, occur, or be true; which +in the nature of things can not be otherwise. That which is <i>essential</i> +belongs to the essence of a thing, so that the thing can not exist +in its completeness without it; that which is <i>indispensable</i> may +be only an adjunct, but it is one that can not be spared; vigorous +health is <i>essential</i> to an arctic explorer; warm clothing is <i>indispensable</i>. +That which is <i>requisite</i> (or <i>required</i>) is so in the judgment +of the person requiring it, but may not be so absolutely; thus, +the <i>requisite</i> is more a matter of personal feeling than the <i>indispensable</i>. +<i>Inevitable</i> (L. <i>in</i>, not, and <i>evito</i>, shun) is primarily the +exact equivalent of the Saxon <i>unavoidable</i>; both words are applied +to things which some at least would escape or prevent, while +that which is <i>necessary</i> may meet with no objection; food is <i>necessary</i>, +death is <i>inevitable</i>; a <i>necessary</i> conclusion satisfies a +thinker; an <i>inevitable</i> conclusion silences opposition. An <i>infallible</i> +proof is one that necessarily leads the mind to a sound conclusion. +<i>Needed</i> and <i>needful</i> are more concrete than <i>necessary</i>, and +respect an end to be attained; we speak of a <i>necessary</i> inference; +<i>necessary</i> food is what one can not live without, while <i>needful</i> +food is that without which he can not enjoy comfort, health, and +strength.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>casual,</td><td>needless,</td><td>optional,</td><td>useless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contingent,</td><td>non-essential,</td><td>unnecessary,</td><td>worthless.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Necessary <i>to</i> a sequence or a total; <i>for</i> or <i>to</i> a result or a person; +unity is necessary <i>to</i> (to constitute) completeness; decision +is necessary <i>for</i> command, or <i>for</i> a commander.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NECESSITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compulsion,</td><td>fatality,</td><td>requisite,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destiny,</td><td>fate,</td><td>sine qua non,</td></tr> +<tr><td>emergency,</td><td>indispensability,</td><td>unavoidableness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>essential,</td><td>indispensableness,</td><td>urgency,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exigency,</td><td>need,</td><td>want.</td></tr> +<tr><td>extremity,</td><td colspan="2">requirement,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Necessity</i> is the quality of being necessary, or the quality of that +which can not but be, become, or be true, or be accepted as true. +<i>Need</i> and <i>want</i> always imply a lack; <i>necessity</i> may be used<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> +in this sense, but in the higher philosophical sense <i>necessity</i> simply +denotes the exclusion of any alternative either in thought or fact; +righteousness is a <i>necessity</i> (not a <i>need</i>) of the divine nature. +<i>Need</i> suggests the possibility of supplying the deficiency which +<i>want</i> expresses; to speak of a person's <i>want</i> of decision merely +points out a weakness in his character; to say that he has <i>need</i> of +decision implies that he can exercise or attain it. As applied to a +deficiency, <i>necessity</i> is more imperative than <i>need</i>; a weary person +is in <i>need</i> of rest; when rest becomes a <i>necessity</i> he has no +choice but to stop work. An <i>essential</i> is something, as a quality, +or element, that belongs to the essence of something else so as to +be inseparable from it in its normal condition, or in any complete +idea or statement of it. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#NECESSARY">NECESSARY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PREDESTINATION">PREDESTINATION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>choice,</td><td>doubt,</td><td>dubiousness,</td><td>freedom,</td><td>possibility,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contingency,</td><td>doubtfulness,</td><td>fortuity,</td><td>option,</td><td>uncertainty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The necessity <i>of</i> surrender; a necessity <i>for</i> action; this is a +necessity <i>to</i> me.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NEGLECT" id="NEGLECT"></a>NEGLECT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carelessness,</td><td>heedlessness,</td><td>negligence,</td><td>scorn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>default,</td><td>inadvertence,</td><td>omission,</td><td>slackness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disregard,</td><td>inattention,</td><td>oversight,</td><td>slight,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disrespect,</td><td>indifference,</td><td rowspan="2">remissness,</td><td rowspan="2">thoughtlessness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>failure,</td><td>neglectfulness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Neglect</i> (L. <i>nec</i>, not, and <i>lego</i>, gather) is the failing to take such +care, show such attention, pay such courtesy, etc., as may be rightfully +or reasonably expected. <i>Negligence</i>, which is the same in +origin, may be used in almost the same sense, but with a slighter +force, as when Whittier speaks of "the <i>negligence</i> which friendship +loves;" but <i>negligence</i> is often used to denote the quality or +trait of character of which the act is a manifestation, or to denote +the habit of neglecting that which ought to be done. <i>Neglect</i> is +transitive, <i>negligence</i> is intransitive; we speak of <i>neglect</i> of his +books, friends, or duties, in which cases we could not use <i>negligence</i>; +<i>negligence</i> in dress implies want of care as to its arrangement, +tidiness, etc.; <i>neglect</i> of one's garments would imply leaving +them exposed to defacement or injury, as by dust, moths, etc. +<i>Neglect</i> has a passive sense which <i>negligence</i> has not; the child +was suffering from <i>neglect</i>, <i>i. e.</i>, from being neglected by others; +the child was suffering from <i>negligence</i> would imply that he himself<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span> +was neglectful. The distinction sometimes made that <i>neglect</i> +denotes the act, and <i>negligence</i> the habit, is but partially true; one +may be guilty of habitual <i>neglect</i> of duty; the wife may suffer +from her husband's constant <i>neglect</i>, while the <i>negligence</i> which +causes a railroad accident may be that of a moment, and on the +part of one ordinarily careful and attentive; in such cases the law +provides punishment for criminal <i>negligence</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CARE">CARE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Neglect <i>of</i> duty, <i>of</i> the child <i>by</i> the parent; there was neglect +<i>on the part of</i> the teacher.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NEW" id="NEW"></a>NEW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fresh,</td><td>modern,</td><td>new-made,</td><td>upstart,</td></tr> +<tr><td>juvenile,</td><td>new-fangled,</td><td>novel,</td><td>young,</td></tr> +<tr><td>late,</td><td>new-fashioned,</td><td>recent,</td><td>youthful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>new</i> has lately come into existence, possession, +or use; a <i>new</i> house is just built, or in a more general sense is one +that has just come into the possession of the present owner or +occupant. <i>Modern</i> denotes that which has begun to exist in the +present age, and is still existing; <i>recent</i> denotes that which has +come into existence within a comparatively brief period, and may +or may not be existing still. <i>Modern</i> history pertains to any period +since the middle ages; <i>modern</i> literature, <i>modern</i> architecture, +etc., are not strikingly remote from the styles and types prevalent +to-day. That which is <i>late</i> is somewhat removed from the present, +but not far enough to be called <i>old</i>. That which is <i>recent</i> is +not quite so sharply distinguished from the past as that which +is <i>new</i>; <i>recent</i> publications range over a longer time than +<i>new</i> books. That which is <i>novel</i> is either absolutely or relatively +unprecedented in kind; a <i>novel</i> contrivance is one that has +never before been known; a <i>novel</i> experience is one that has +never before occurred to the same person; that which is <i>new</i> may +be of a familiar or even of an ancient sort, as a <i>new</i> copy of an old +book. <i>Young</i> and <i>youthful</i> are applied to that which has life; +that which is <i>young</i> is possessed of a comparatively <i>new</i> existence +as a living thing, possessing actual youth; that which is <i>youthful</i> +manifests the attributes of youth. (Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#YOUTHFUL">YOUTHFUL</a></span>.) +<i>Fresh</i> applies to that which has the characteristics of newness or +youth, while capable of deterioration by lapse of time; that which<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> +is unworn, unspoiled, or unfaded; as, a <i>fresh</i> countenance, <i>fresh</i> +eggs, <i>fresh</i> flowers. <i>New</i> is opposed to <i>old</i>, <i>modern</i> to <i>ancient</i>, +<i>recent</i> to <i>remote</i>, <i>young</i> to <i>old</i>, <i>aged</i>, etc.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#OLD">OLD</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NIMBLE" id="NIMBLE"></a>NIMBLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>active,</td><td>alert,</td><td>bustling,</td><td>prompt,</td><td>speedy,</td><td>spry,</td></tr> +<tr><td>agile,</td><td>brisk,</td><td>lively,</td><td>quick,</td><td>sprightly,</td><td>swift.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Nimble</i> refers to lightness, freedom, and quickness of motion +within a somewhat narrow range, with readiness to turn suddenly +to any point; <i>swift</i> applies commonly to more sustained motion +over greater distances; a pickpocket is <i>nimble</i>-fingered, a dancer +<i>nimble</i>-footed; an arrow, a race-horse, or an ocean steamer is +<i>swift</i>; Shakespeare's "<i>nimble</i> lightnings" is said of the visual appearance +in sudden zigzag flash across the sky. Figuratively, we +speak of <i>nimble</i> wit, <i>swift</i> intelligence, <i>swift</i> destruction. <i>Alert</i>, +which is strictly a synonym for <i>ready</i>, comes sometimes near the +meaning of <i>nimble</i> or <i>quick</i>, from the fact that the ready, wide-awake +person is likely to be <i>lively</i>, <i>quick</i>, <i>speedy</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACTIVE">ACTIVE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ALERT">ALERT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clumsy,</td><td>dilatory,</td><td>dull,</td><td>heavy,</td><td>inactive,</td><td>inert,</td><td>slow,</td><td>sluggish,</td><td>unready.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NORMAL" id="NORMAL"></a>NORMAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>natural,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>regular,</td><td>typical,</td><td>usual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>natural</i> is according to nature; that which is +<i>normal</i> is according to the standard or rule which is observed or +claimed to prevail in nature; a deformity may be <i>natural</i>, symmetry +is <i>normal</i>; the <i>normal</i> color of the crow is black, while the +<i>normal</i> color of the sparrow is gray, but one is as <i>natural</i> as the +other. <i>Typical</i> refers to such an assemblage of qualities as makes +the specimen, genus, etc., a type of some more comprehensive +group, while <i>normal</i> is more commonly applied to the parts of a +single object; the specimen was <i>typical</i>; color, size, and other +characteristics, <i>normal</i>. The <i>regular</i> is etymologically that which +is according to rule, hence that which is steady and constant, as +opposed to that which is fitful and changeable; the <i>normal</i> action +of the heart is <i>regular</i>. That which is <i>common</i> is shared by a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> +great number of persons or things; disease is <i>common</i>, a <i>normal</i> +state of health is rare. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#GENERAL">GENERAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#USUAL">USUAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abnormal,</td><td>irregular,</td><td>peculiar,</td><td>singular,</td><td>unprecedented,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exceptional,</td><td>monstrous,</td><td>rare,</td><td>uncommon,</td><td>unusual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="NOTWITHSTANDING_conj" id="NOTWITHSTANDING_conj"></a>NOTWITHSTANDING, <span class="nbi">conj.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>altho(ugh),</td><td>howbeit,</td><td>nevertheless,</td><td>tho(ugh),</td></tr> +<tr><td>but,</td><td>however,</td><td>still,</td><td>yet.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>However</i> simply waives discussion, and (like the archaic <i>howbeit</i>) +says "be that as it may, this is true;" <i>nevertheless</i> concedes +the truth of what precedes, but claims that what follows is none +the less true; <i>notwithstanding</i> marshals the two statements face +to face, admits the one and its seeming contradiction to the other, +while insisting that it can not, after all, withstand the other; as, +<i>notwithstanding</i> the force of the enemy is superior, we shall conquer. +<i>Yet</i> and <i>still</i> are weaker than <i>notwithstanding</i>, while +stronger than <i>but</i>. <i>Tho</i> and <i>altho</i> make as little as possible of +the concession, dropping it, as it were, incidentally; as, "<i>tho</i> we +are guilty, thou art good;" to say "we are guilty, <i>but</i> thou art +good," would make the concession of guilt more emphatic. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUT">BUT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#YET">YET</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>NOTWITHSTANDING, <span class="nbi">prep.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>despite,</td><td>in spite of.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Notwithstanding</i> simply states that circumstances shall not be +or have not been allowed to withstand; <i>despite</i> and <i>in spite of</i> refer +primarily to personal and perhaps spiteful opposition; as, he failed +<i>notwithstanding</i> his good intentions; or, he persevered <i>in spite of</i> +the most bitter hostility. When <i>despite</i> and <i>in spite of</i> are applied +to inanimate things, it is with something of personification; "<i>in +spite of</i> the storm" is said as if the storm had a hostile purpose to +oppose the undertaking.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OATH" id="OATH"></a>OATH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adjuration,</td><td>curse,</td><td>profane swearing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affidavit,</td><td>cursing,</td><td>profanity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anathema,</td><td>denunciation,</td><td>reprobation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ban,</td><td>execration,</td><td>swearing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blaspheming,</td><td>imprecation,</td><td>sworn statement.</td></tr> +<tr><td>blasphemy,</td><td>malediction,</td><td>vow.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In the highest sense, as in a court of justice, "an <i>oath</i> is a reverent<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> +appeal to God in corroboration of what one says," <span class="smc">Abbott</span> +<i>Law Dict.</i>; an <i>affidavit</i> is a <i>sworn statement</i> made in writing in +the presence of a competent officer; an <i>adjuration</i> is a solemn +appeal to a person in the name of God to speak the truth. An +<i>oath</i> is made to man in the name of God; a <i>vow</i>, to God without +the intervention, often without the knowledge, of man. In the +lower sense, an <i>oath</i> may be mere <i>blasphemy</i> or <i>profane swearing</i>. +<i>Anathema</i>, <i>curse</i>, <i>execration</i>, and <i>imprecation</i> are modes of invoking +vengeance or retribution from a superhuman power upon +the person against whom they are uttered. <i>Anathema</i> is a solemn +ecclesiastical condemnation of a person or of a proposition. <i>Curse</i> +may be just and authoritative; as, the <i>curse</i> of God; or, it may +be wanton and powerless: "so the <i>curse</i> causeless shall not come," +<i>Prov.</i> xxvi, 2. <i>Execration</i> expresses most of personal bitterness +and hatred; <i>imprecation</i> refers especially to the coming of the +desired evil upon the person against whom it is uttered. <i>Malediction</i> +is a general wish of evil, a less usual but very expressive +word. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#TESTIMONY">TESTIMONY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>benediction,</td><td>benison,</td><td>blessing.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OBSCURE" id="OBSCURE"></a>OBSCURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abstruse,</td><td>darksome,</td><td>dusky,</td><td>involved,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ambiguous,</td><td>deep,</td><td>enigmatical,</td><td>muddy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloudy,</td><td>dense,</td><td>hidden,</td><td>mysterious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complex,</td><td>difficult,</td><td>incomprehensible,</td><td>profound,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complicated,</td><td>dim,</td><td>indistinct,</td><td>turbid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dark,</td><td>doubtful,</td><td>intricate,</td><td>unintelligible.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>obscure</i> which the eye or the mind can not clearly discern +or see through, whether because of its own want of transparency, +its depth or intricacy, or because of mere defect of light. +That which is <i>complicated</i> is likely to be <i>obscure</i>, but that may be +<i>obscure</i> which is not at all <i>complicated</i> and scarcely <i>complex</i>, as a +<i>muddy</i> pool. In that which is <i>abstruse</i> (L. <i>abs</i>, from, and <i>trudo</i>, +push) as if removed from the usual course of thought or out of the +way of apprehension or discovery, the thought is remote, <i>hidden</i>; +in that which is <i>obscure</i> there may be nothing to hide; it is hard +to see to the bottom of the <i>profound</i>, because of its depth, but the +most shallow turbidness is <i>obscure</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMPLEX">COMPLEX</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DARK">DARK</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DIFFICULT">DIFFICULT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MYSTERIOUS">MYSTERIOUS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEAR">CLEAR</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="OBSOLETE" id="OBSOLETE"></a>OBSOLETE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ancient,</td><td>archaic,</td><td>obsolescent,</td><td>out of date,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antiquated,</td><td>disused,</td><td>old,</td><td>rare.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Some of the <i>oldest</i> or most <i>ancient</i> words are not <i>obsolete</i>, as +father, mother, etc. A word is <i>obsolete</i> which has quite gone out +of reputable use; a word is <i>archaic</i> which is falling out of reputable +use, or, on the other hand, having been <i>obsolete</i>, is taken up +tentatively by writers or speakers of influence, so that it may perhaps +regain its position as a living word; a word is <i>rare</i> if there +are few present instances of its reputable use. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#OLD">OLD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#NEW">NEW</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OBSTINATE" id="OBSTINATE"></a>OBSTINATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contumacious,</td><td>headstrong,</td><td>mulish,</td><td>resolute,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decided,</td><td>heady,</td><td>obdurate,</td><td>resolved,</td></tr> +<tr><td>determined,</td><td>immovable,</td><td>opinionated,</td><td>stubborn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dogged,</td><td>indomitable,</td><td>persistent,</td><td>unconquerable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>firm,</td><td>inflexible,</td><td>pertinacious,</td><td>unflinching,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fixed,</td><td>intractable,</td><td>refractory,</td><td>unyielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>headstrong</i> person is not to be stopped in his own course of +action, while the <i>obstinate</i> and <i>stubborn</i> is not to be driven to another's +way. The <i>headstrong</i> act; the <i>obstinate</i> and <i>stubborn</i> may +simply refuse to stir. The most amiable person may be <i>obstinate</i> +on some one point; the <i>stubborn</i> person is for the most part habitually +so; we speak of <i>obstinate</i> determination, <i>stubborn</i> resistance. +<i>Stubborn</i> is the term most frequently applied to the lower +animals and inanimate things. <i>Refractory</i> implies more activity +of resistance; the <i>stubborn</i> horse balks; the <i>refractory</i> animal +plunges, rears, and kicks; metals that resist ordinary processes of +reduction are termed <i>refractory</i>. One is <i>obdurate</i> who adheres to +his purpose in spite of appeals that would move any tender-hearted +or right-minded person. <i>Contumacious</i> refers to a proud and insolent +defiance of authority, as of the summons of a court. <i>Pertinacious</i> +demand is contrasted with <i>obstinate</i> refusal. The <i>unyielding</i> +conduct which we approve we call <i>decided</i>, <i>firm</i>, <i>inflexible</i>, +<i>resolute</i>; that which we condemn we are apt to term <i>headstrong</i>, +<i>obstinate</i>, <i>stubborn</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PERVERSE">PERVERSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amenable,</td><td>dutiful,</td><td>pliable,</td><td>tractable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complaisant,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>pliant,</td><td>undecided,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compliant,</td><td>irresolute,</td><td>submissive,</td><td>wavering,</td></tr> +<tr><td>docile,</td><td>obedient,</td><td>teachable,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="OBSTRUCT" id="OBSTRUCT"></a>OBSTRUCT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrest,</td><td>check,</td><td>embarrass,</td><td>interrupt,</td><td>stay,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bar,</td><td>choke,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>oppose,</td><td>stop.</td></tr> +<tr><td>barricade,</td><td>clog,</td><td>impede,</td><td colspan="2">retard,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>obstruct</i> is literally to build up against; the road is <i>obstructed</i> +by fallen trees; the passage of liquid through a tube is +<i>obstructed</i> by solid deposits. We may <i>hinder</i> one's advance by +following and clinging to him; we <i>obstruct</i> his course by standing +in his way or putting a barrier across his path. Anything +that makes one's progress slower, whether from within or from +without, <i>impedes</i>; an obstruction is always from without. To +<i>arrest</i> is to cause to stop suddenly; <i>obstructing</i> the way may have +the effect of <i>arresting</i> progress. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMPEDIMENT">IMPEDIMENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accelerate,</td><td>aid,</td><td>facilitate,</td><td>free,</td><td>open,</td><td rowspan="2">promote.</td></tr> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>clear,</td><td>forward,</td><td>further,</td><td>pave the way for,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OLD" id="OLD"></a>OLD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aged,</td><td>decrepit,</td><td>immemorial,</td><td>senile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ancient,</td><td>elderly,</td><td>olden,</td><td>time-honored,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antiquated,</td><td>gray,</td><td>patriarchal,</td><td>time-worn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antique,</td><td>hoary,</td><td>remote,</td><td>venerable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is termed <i>old</i> which has existed long, or which existed +long ago. <i>Ancient</i>, from the Latin, through the French, is the +more stately, <i>old</i>, from the Saxon, the more familiar word. Familiarity, +on one side, is near to contempt; thus we say, an <i>old</i> +coat, an <i>old</i> hat. On the other hand, familiarity is akin to tenderness, +and thus <i>old</i> is a word of endearment; as, "the <i>old</i> homestead," +the "<i>old</i> oaken bucket." "Tell me the <i>old, old</i> story!" +has been sung feelingly by millions; "tell me that <i>ancient</i> story" +would remove it out of all touch of human sympathy. <i>Olden</i> is a +statelier form of <i>old</i>, and is applied almost exclusively to time, +not to places, buildings, persons, etc. As regards periods of time, +the familiar are also the near; thus, the <i>old</i> times are not too far +away for familiar thought and reference; the <i>olden</i> times are more +remote, <i>ancient</i> times still further removed. <i>Gray</i>, <i>hoary</i>, and +<i>moldering</i> refer to outward and visible tokens of age. <i>Aged</i> applies +chiefly to long-extended human life. <i>Decrepit</i>, <i>gray</i>, and +<i>hoary</i> refer to the effects of age on the body exclusively; <i>senile</i> +upon the mind also; as, a <i>decrepit</i> frame, <i>senile</i> garrulousness. +One may be <i>aged</i> and neither <i>decrepit</i> nor <i>senile</i>. <i>Elderly</i> is applied +to those who have passed middle life, but scarcely reached<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> +<i>old</i> age. <i>Remote</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back or away, and <i>moveo</i>, move), primarily +refers to space, but is extended to that which is far off in +time; as, at some <i>remote</i> period. <i>Venerable</i> expresses the involuntary +reverence that we yield to the majestic and long-enduring, +whether in the material world or in human life and character. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIQUE">ANTIQUE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSOLETE">OBSOLETE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIMEVAL">PRIMEVAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#NEW">NEW</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#YOUTHFUL">YOUTHFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>OPERATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>action,</td><td>effect,</td><td>force,</td><td>performance,</td><td>result.</td></tr> +<tr><td>agency,</td><td>execution,</td><td>influence,</td><td colspan="2">procedure,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Operation</i> is <i>action</i> considered with reference to the thing +acted upon, and may apply to the <i>action</i> of an intelligent agent or +of a material substance or <i>force</i>; as, the <i>operation</i> of a medicine. +<i>Performance</i> and <i>execution</i> denote intelligent <i>action</i>, considered +with reference to the actor or to that which he accomplishes; <i>performance</i> +accomplishing the will of the actor, <i>execution</i> often the +will of another; we speak of the <i>performance</i> of a duty, the <i>execution</i> +of a sentence. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACT_n">ACT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>failure,</td><td>ineffectiveness,</td><td>inutility,</td><td>powerlessness,</td><td>uselessness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>inaction,</td><td colspan="4">inefficiency,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="ORDER" id="ORDER"></a>ORDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>injunction,</td><td>mandate,</td><td rowspan="2">requirement.</td></tr> +<tr><td>direction,</td><td>instruction,</td><td>prohibition,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Instruction</i> implies superiority of knowledge, <i>direction</i> of authority +on the part of the giver; a teacher gives <i>instructions</i> to +his pupils, an employer gives <i>directions</i> to his workmen. <i>Order</i> is +still more authoritative than <i>direction</i>; soldiers, sailors, and railroad +employees have simply to obey the <i>orders</i> of their superiors, +without explanation or question; an <i>order</i> in the commercial sense +has the authority of the money which the one <i>ordering</i> the goods +pays or is to pay. <i>Command</i> is a loftier word, as well as highly +authoritative, less frequent in common life; we speak of the <i>commands</i> +of God, or sometimes, by polite hyperbole, ask of a friend, +"Have you any <i>commands</i> for me?" A <i>requirement</i> is imperative, +but not always formal, nor made by a personal agent; it may +be in the nature of things; as, the <i>requirements</i> of the position.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span> +<i>Prohibition</i> is wholly negative; it is a <i>command</i> not to do; <i>injunction</i> +is now oftenest so used, especially as the <i>requirement</i> by legal +authority that certain action be suspended or refrained from, +pending final legal decision. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARRAY">ARRAY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CLASS">CLASS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LAW">LAW</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PROHIBIT">PROHIBIT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SYSTEM">SYSTEM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allowance,</td><td>consent,</td><td>leave,</td><td>liberty,</td><td>license,</td><td>permission,</td><td>permit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OSTENTATION" id="OSTENTATION"></a>OSTENTATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>boast,</td><td>flourish,</td><td>parade,</td><td>pompousness,</td><td>vaunt,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boasting,</td><td>pageant,</td><td>pomp,</td><td rowspan="2">show,</td><td rowspan="2">vaunting.</td></tr> +<tr><td>display,</td><td>pageantry,</td><td>pomposity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Ostentation</i> is an ambitious showing forth of whatever is +thought adapted to win admiration or praise; <i>ostentation</i> may be +without words; as, the <i>ostentation</i> of wealth in fine residences, +rich clothing, costly equipage, or the like; when in words, <i>ostentation</i> +is rather in manner than in direct statement; as, the <i>ostentation</i> +of learning. <i>Boasting</i> is in direct statement, and is louder +and more vulgar than <i>ostentation</i>. There may be great <i>display</i> +or <i>show</i> with little substance; <i>ostentation</i> suggests something +substantial to be shown. <i>Pageant</i>, <i>pageantry</i>, <i>parade</i>, and +<i>pomp</i> refer principally to affairs of arms or state; as, a royal +<i>pageant</i>; a military <i>parade</i>. <i>Pomp</i> is some material demonstration +of wealth and power, as in grand and stately ceremonial, rich +furnishings, processions, etc., considered as worthy of the person +or occasion in whose behalf it is manifested; <i>pomp</i> is the noble side +of that which as <i>ostentation</i> is considered as arrogant and vain. +<i>Pageant</i> and <i>pageantry</i> are inferior to <i>pomp</i>, denoting spectacular +<i>display</i> designed to impress the public mind, and since the +multitude is largely ignorant and thoughtless, the words <i>pageant</i> +and <i>pageantry</i> have a suggestion of the transient and unsubstantial. +<i>Parade</i> (L. <i>paro</i>, prepare) is an exhibition as of troops +in camp going through the evolutions that are to be used in battle, +and suggests a lack of earnestness and direct or immediate occasion +or demand; hence, in the more general sense, a <i>parade</i> is an +uncalled for exhibition, and so used is a more disparaging word +than <i>ostentation</i>; <i>ostentation</i> may spring merely from undue +self-gratulation, <i>parade</i> implies a desire to impress others with a +sense of one's abilities or resources, and is always offensive and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span> +somewhat contemptible; as, a <i>parade</i> of wealth or learning. +<i>Pomposity</i> and <i>pompousness</i> are the affectation of <i>pomp</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>diffidence,</td><td>quietness,</td><td>retirement,</td><td>timidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>modesty,</td><td>reserve,</td><td>shrinking,</td><td>unobtrusiveness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>OUGHT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>should.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One <i>ought</i> to do that which he is under moral obligation or in duty +bound to do. <i>Ought</i> is the stronger word, holding most closely to +the sense of moral obligation, or sometimes of imperative logical +necessity; <i>should</i> may have the sense of moral obligation or may +apply merely to propriety or expediency, as in the proverb, "The +liar <i>should</i> have a good memory," <i>i. e.</i>, he will need it. <i>Ought</i> is +sometimes used of abstractions or inanimate things as indicating +what the mind deems to be imperative or logically necessary in +view of all the conditions; as, these goods <i>ought</i> to go into that +space; these arguments <i>ought</i> to convince him; <i>should</i> in such +connections would be correct, but less emphatic. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DUTY">DUTY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="OVERSIGHT" id="OVERSIGHT"></a>OVERSIGHT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>care,</td><td>control,</td><td>management,</td><td>surveillance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>charge,</td><td>direction,</td><td>superintendence,</td><td>watch,</td></tr> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>inspection,</td><td>supervision,</td><td>watchfulness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person may look over a matter in order to survey it carefully +in its entirety, or he may look over it with no attention to the thing +itself because his gaze and thought are concentrated on something +beyond; <i>oversight</i> has thus two contrasted senses, in the latter +sense denoting inadvertent error or omission, and in the former denoting +watchful <i>supervision</i>, commonly implying constant personal +presence; <i>superintendence</i> requires only so much of presence +or communication as to know that the superintendent's wishes are +carried out; the superintendent of a railroad will personally oversee +very few of its operations; the railroad company has supreme +<i>direction</i> of all its affairs without <i>superintendence</i> or <i>oversight</i>. +<i>Control</i> is used chiefly with reference to restraint or the power of +restraint; a good horseman has a restless horse under perfect <i>control</i>; +there is no high character without self-<i>control</i>. <i>Surveillance</i> +is an invidious term signifying watching with something of +suspicion. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CARE">CARE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#NEGLECT">NEGLECT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PAIN" id="PAIN"></a>PAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ache,</td><td>distress,</td><td>suffering,</td><td>torture,</td></tr> +<tr><td>agony,</td><td>pang,</td><td>throe,</td><td>twinge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anguish,</td><td>paroxysm,</td><td>torment,</td><td>wo(e).</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pain</i> is the most general term of this group, including all the +others; <i>pain</i> is a disturbing sensation from which nature revolts, +resulting from some injurious external interference (as from a +wound, a bruise, a harsh word, etc.), or from some lack of what +one needs, craves, or cherishes (as, the <i>pain</i> of hunger or bereavement), +or from some abnormal action of bodily or mental functions +(as, the <i>pains</i> of disease, envy, or discontent). <i>Suffering</i> is one of +the severer forms of <i>pain</i>. The prick of a needle causes <i>pain</i>, but +we should scarcely speak of it as <i>suffering</i>. <i>Distress</i> is too strong +a word for little hurts, too feeble for the intensest <i>suffering</i>, but +commonly applied to some continuous or prolonged trouble or +need; as, the <i>distress</i> of a shipwrecked crew, or of a destitute family. +<i>Ache</i> is lingering <i>pain</i>, more or less severe; <i>pang</i>, a <i>pain</i> short, +sharp, intense, and perhaps repeated. We speak of the <i>pangs</i> of +hunger or of remorse. <i>Throe</i> is a violent and thrilling <i>pain</i>. <i>Paroxysm</i> +applies to an alternately recurring and receding <i>pain</i>, which +comes as it were in waves; the <i>paroxysm</i> is the rising of the +wave. <i>Torment</i> and <i>torture</i> are intense and terrible <i>sufferings</i>. +<i>Agony</i> and <i>anguish</i> express the utmost <i>pain</i> or <i>suffering</i> of body +or mind. <i>Agony</i> of body is that with which the system struggles; +<i>anguish</i> that by which it is crushed.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>delight,</td><td>ease,</td><td>enjoyment,</td><td>peace,</td><td>rapture,</td><td>relief,</td><td>solace.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PALLIATE" id="PALLIATE"></a>PALLIATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apologize for,</td><td>conceal,</td><td>extenuate,</td><td>hide,</td><td>screen,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloak,</td><td>cover,</td><td>gloss over,</td><td>mitigate,</td><td>veil.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Cloak</i>, from the French, and <i>palliate</i>, from the Latin, are the +same in original signification, but have diverged in meaning; a +<i>cloak</i> may be used to <i>hide</i> completely the person or some object +carried about the person, or it may but partly <i>veil</i> the figure, +making the outlines less distinct; <i>cloak</i> is used in the former, +<i>palliate</i>, in the latter sense; to <i>cloak</i> a sin is to attempt to <i>hide</i> it +from discovery; to <i>palliate</i> it is to attempt to <i>hide</i> some part of +its blameworthiness. "When we <i>palliate</i> our own or others' +faults we do not seek to <i>cloke</i> them altogether, but only to <i>extenuate</i> +the guilt of them in part." <span class="smc">Trench</span> <i>Study of Words</i> lect. vi, p.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> +266. Either to <i>palliate</i> or to <i>extenuate</i> is to admit the fault; but +to <i>extenuate</i> is rather to <i>apologize</i> for the offender, while to +<i>palliate</i> is to disguise the fault; hence, we speak of <i>extenuating</i> +but not of <i>palliating</i> circumstances, since circumstances can not +change the inherent wrong of an act, tho they may lessen the +blameworthiness of him who does it; <i>palliating</i> a bad thing by +giving it a mild name does not make it less evil. In reference to +diseases, to <i>palliate</i> is really to diminish their violence, or partly +to relieve the sufferer. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HIDE">HIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PARDON_v" id="PARDON_v"></a>PARDON, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolve,</td><td>condone,</td><td>forgive,</td><td>pass by,</td><td rowspan="2">remit.</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquit,</td><td>excuse,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>pass over,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>pardon</i> is to let pass, as a fault or sin, without resentment, +blame, or punishment. <i>Forgive</i> has reference to feelings, <i>pardon</i> +to consequences; hence, the executive may <i>pardon</i>, but has nothing +to do officially with <i>forgiving</i>. Personal injury may be <i>forgiven</i> +by the person wronged; thus, God at once <i>forgives</i> and +<i>pardons</i>; the <i>pardoned</i> sinner is exempt from punishment; the +<i>forgiven</i> sinner is restored to the divine favor. To <i>pardon</i> is the +act of a superior, implying the right to punish; to <i>forgive</i> is the +privilege of the humblest person who has been wronged or +offended. In law, to <i>remit</i> the whole penalty is equivalent to +<i>pardoning</i> the offender; but a part of a penalty may be <i>remitted</i> +and the remainder inflicted, as where the penalty includes both +fine and imprisonment. To <i>condone</i> is to put aside a recognized +offense by some act which restores the offender to forfeited right +or privilege, and is the act of a private individual, without legal +formalities. To <i>excuse</i> is to <i>overlook</i> some slight offense, error, or +breach of etiquette; <i>pardon</i> is often used by courtesy in nearly +the same sense. A person may speak of <i>excusing</i> or <i>forgiving</i> +himself, but not of <i>pardoning</i> himself. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSOLVE">ABSOLVE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PARDON_n">PARDON</a></span>, +<i>n.</i></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>castigate,</td><td>chastise,</td><td>convict,</td><td>doom,</td><td>recompense,</td><td>sentence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chasten,</td><td>condemn,</td><td>correct,</td><td>punish,</td><td>scourge,</td><td>visit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PARDON_n" id="PARDON_n"></a>PARDON, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolution,</td><td>amnesty,</td><td>forgiveness,</td><td>oblivion,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquittal,</td><td>forbearance,</td><td>mercy,</td><td>remission.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Acquittal</i> is a release from a charge, after trial, as not guilty.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> +<i>Pardon</i> is a removal of penalty from one who has been adjudged +guilty. <i>Acquittal</i> is by the decision of a court, commonly of a +jury; <i>pardon</i> is the act of the executive. An innocent man may +demand <i>acquittal</i>, and need not plead for <i>pardon</i>. <i>Pardon</i> supposes +an offense; yet, as our laws stand, to grant a <i>pardon</i> is +sometimes the only way to release one who has been wrongly convicted. +<i>Oblivion</i>, from the Latin, signifies overlooking and virtually +forgetting an offense, so that the offender stands before the +law in all respects as if it had never been committed. <i>Amnesty</i> +brings the same idea through the Greek. <i>Pardon</i> affects individuals; +<i>amnesty</i> and <i>oblivion</i> are said of great numbers. <i>Pardon</i> +is oftenest applied to the ordinary administration of law; <i>amnesty</i>, +to national and military affairs. An <i>amnesty</i> is issued after war, +insurrection, or rebellion; it is often granted by "an act of <i>oblivion</i>," +and includes a full <i>pardon</i> of all offenders who come within +its provisions. <i>Absolution</i> is a religious word (compare synonyms +for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSOLVE">ABSOLVE</a></span>). <i>Remission</i> is a discharge from penalty; as, the <i>remission</i> +of a fine.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>penalty,</td><td>punishment,</td><td>retaliation,</td><td>retribution,</td><td>vengeance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>A pardon <i>to</i> or <i>for</i> the offenders; <i>for</i> all offenses; the pardon +<i>of</i> offenders or offenses.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PART, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#PART_n">PART</a></span>, <i>n.</i></p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Part <i>into</i> shares; part <i>in</i> the middle; part one <i>from</i> another; +part <i>among</i> the claimants; part <i>between</i> contestants (archaic); in +general, to part <i>from</i> is to relinquish companionship; to part <i>with</i> +is to relinquish possession; we part <i>from</i> a person or <i>from</i> something +thought of with some sense of companionship; a traveler +parts <i>from</i> his friends; he maybe said also to part <i>from</i> his native +shore; a man parts <i>with</i> an estate, a horse, a copyright; part +<i>with</i> may be applied to a person thought of in any sense as a possession; +an employer parts <i>with</i> a clerk or servant; but <i>part +with</i> is sometimes used by good writers as meaning simply to +separate from.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PART_n" id="PART_n"></a>PART, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>atom,</td><td>fraction,</td><td>member,</td><td>section,</td></tr> +<tr><td>component,</td><td>fragment,</td><td>particle,</td><td>segment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constituent,</td><td>ingredient,</td><td>piece,</td><td>share,</td></tr> +<tr><td>division,</td><td>instalment,</td><td>portion,</td><td>subdivision.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">element,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Part</i>, a substance, quantity, or amount that is the result of the +division of something greater, is the general word, including all +the others of this group. A <i>fragment</i> is the result of breaking, +rending, or disruption of some kind, while a <i>piece</i> may be smoothly +or evenly separated and have a certain completeness in itself. +A <i>piece</i> is often taken for a sample; a <i>fragment</i> scarcely would +be. <i>Division</i> and <i>fraction</i> are always regarded as in connection +with the total; <i>divisions</i> may be equal or unequal; a <i>fraction</i> is +one of several equal <i>parts</i> into which the whole is supposed to be +divided. A <i>portion</i> is a <i>part</i> viewed with reference to some one +who is to receive it or some special purpose to which it is to be +applied; in a restaurant one <i>portion</i> (<i>i. e.</i>, the amount designed for +one person) is sometimes, by special order, served to two; a <i>share</i> +is a <i>part</i> to which one has or may acquire a right in connection +with others; an <i>instalment</i> is one of a series of proportionate payments +that are to be continued till the entire claim is discharged; +a <i>particle</i> is an exceedingly small <i>part</i>. A <i>component</i>, <i>constituent</i>, +<i>ingredient</i>, or <i>element</i> is a <i>part</i> of some compound or mixture; +an <i>element</i> is necessary to the existence, as a <i>component</i> or +<i>constituent</i> is necessary to the completeness of that which it helps +to compose; an <i>ingredient</i> may be foreign or accidental. A <i>subdivision</i> +is a <i>division</i> of a <i>division</i>. We speak of a <i>segment</i> of a +circle. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PARTICLE">PARTICLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PORTION">PORTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PARTICLE" id="PARTICLE"></a>PARTICLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>atom,</td><td>grain,</td><td>mite,</td><td>scrap,</td><td rowspan="3">whit.</td></tr> +<tr><td>corpuscle,</td><td>iota,</td><td>molecule,</td><td>shred,</td></tr> +<tr><td>element,</td><td>jot,</td><td>scintilla,</td><td>tittle,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>particle</i> is a very small part of any material substance; as, +a <i>particle</i> of sand or of dust; it is a general term, not accurately determinate +in meaning. <i>Atom</i> (Gr. <i>a-</i> privative, not, and <i>temno</i>, +cut) etymologically signifies that which can not be cut or +divided, and is the smallest conceivable <i>particle</i> of matter, regarded +as absolutely homogeneous and as having but one set of +properties; <i>atoms</i> are the ultimate <i>particles</i> of matter. A <i>molecule</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> +is made up of <i>atoms</i>, and is regarded as separable into its constituent +parts; as used by physicists, a <i>molecule</i> is the smallest +conceivable part which retains all the characteristics of the substance; +thus, a <i>molecule</i> of water is made up of two <i>atoms</i> of hydrogen +and one <i>atom</i> of oxygen. <i>Element</i> in chemistry denotes, +without reference to quantity, a substance regarded as simple, +<i>i. e.</i>, one incapable of being resolved by any known process into +simpler substances; the <i>element</i> gold may be represented by an +ingot or by a <i>particle</i> of gold-dust. In popular language, an <i>element</i> +is any essential constituent; the ancients believed that the +universe was made up of the four <i>elements</i>, earth, air, fire, and +water; a storm is spoken of as a manifestation of the fury of the +<i>elements</i>. We speak of <i>corpuscles</i> of blood. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PART_n">PART</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aggregate,</td><td>entirety,</td><td>mass,</td><td>quantity,</td><td>sum,</td><td>sum total,</td><td>total,</td><td>whole.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PATIENCE" id="PATIENCE"></a>PATIENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calmness,</td><td>forbearance,</td><td>long-suffering,</td><td rowspan="3">sufferance.</td></tr> +<tr><td>composure,</td><td>fortitude,</td><td>resignation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>endurance,</td><td>leniency,</td><td>submission,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Patience</i> is the quality or habit of mind shown in bearing passively +and uncomplainingly any pain, evil, or hardship that may +fall to one's lot. <i>Endurance</i> hardens itself against suffering, and +may be merely stubborn; <i>fortitude</i> is <i>endurance</i> animated by +courage; <i>endurance</i> may by modifiers be made to have a passive +force, as when we speak of "passive endurance;" <i>patience</i> is not so +hard as <i>endurance</i> nor so self-effacing as <i>submission</i>. <i>Submission</i> +is ordinarily and <i>resignation</i> always applied to matters of great +moment, while <i>patience</i> may apply to slight worries and annoyances. +As regards our relations to our fellow men, <i>forbearance</i> +is abstaining from retaliation or revenge; <i>patience</i> is keeping +kindliness of heart under vexatious conduct; <i>long-suffering</i> is +continued <i>patience</i>. <i>Patience</i> may also have an active force denoting +uncomplaining steadiness in doing, as in tilling the soil. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INDUSTRY">INDUSTRY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Patience <i>in</i> or <i>amid</i> sufferings; patience <i>with</i> (rarely <i>toward</i>) +opposers or offenders; patience <i>under</i> afflictions; (rarely) patience +<i>of</i> heat or cold, etc.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PAY_n" id="PAY_n"></a>PAY, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allowance,</td><td>hire,</td><td>recompense,</td><td>salary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compensation,</td><td>honorarium,</td><td>remuneration,</td><td>stipend,</td></tr> +<tr><td>earnings,</td><td>payment,</td><td>requital,</td><td>wages.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">fee,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>allowance</i> is a stipulated amount furnished at regular intervals +as a matter of discretion or gratuity, as of food to besieged +soldiers, or of money to a child or ward. <i>Compensation</i> is a comprehensive +word signifying a return for a service done. <i>Remuneration</i> +is applied to matters of great amount or importance. +<i>Recompense</i> is a still wider and loftier word, with less suggestion +of calculation and market value; there are services for which affection +and gratitude are the sole and sufficient <i>recompense</i>; <i>earnings</i>, +<i>fees</i>, <i>hire</i>, <i>pay</i>, <i>salary</i>, and <i>wages</i> are forms of <i>compensation</i> +and may be included in <i>compensation</i>, <i>remuneration</i>, or <i>recompense</i>. +<i>Pay</i> is commercial and strictly signifies an exact pecuniary +equivalent for a thing or service, except when the contrary is expressly +stated, as when we speak of "high <i>pay</i>" or "poor <i>pay</i>." +<i>Wages</i> denotes what a worker receives. <i>Earnings</i> is often used as +exactly equivalent to <i>wages</i>, but may be used with reference to the +real value of work done or service rendered, and even applied to +inanimate things; as, the <i>earnings</i> of capital. <i>Hire</i> is distinctly +mercenary or menial, but as a noun has gone out of popular use, +tho the verb <i>to hire</i> is common. <i>Salary</i> is for literary or professional +work, <i>wages</i> for handicraft or other comparatively inferior +service; a <i>salary</i> is regarded as more permanent than <i>wages</i>; +an editor receives a <i>salary</i>, a compositor receives <i>wages</i>. <i>Stipend</i> +has become exclusively a literary word. A <i>fee</i> is given for a single +service or privilege, and is sometimes in the nature of a +gratuity. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#REQUITE">REQUITE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PEOPLE" id="PEOPLE"></a>PEOPLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>commonwealth,</td><td>nation,</td><td rowspan="2">race,</td><td rowspan="2">state,</td><td rowspan="2">tribe.</td></tr> +<tr><td>community,</td><td>population,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>community</i> is in general terms the aggregate of persons inhabiting +any territory in common and viewed as having common +interests; a <i>commonwealth</i> is such a body of persons having a +common government, especially a republican government; as, the +<i>commonwealth</i> of Massachusetts. A <i>community</i> may be very +small; a <i>commonwealth</i> is ordinarily of considerable extent. A +<i>people</i> is the aggregate of any public <i>community</i>, either in distinction<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> +from their rulers or as including them; a <i>race</i> is a division of +mankind in the line of origin and ancestry; the <i>people</i> of the +United States includes members of almost every <i>race</i>. The use of +<i>people</i> as signifying persons collectively, as in the statement "The +hall was full of <i>people</i>," has been severely criticized, but is old and +accepted English, and may fitly be classed as idiomatic, and often +better than <i>persons</i>, by reason of its collectivism. As Dean Alford +suggests, it would make a strange transformation of the old hymn +"All <i>people</i> that on earth do dwell" to sing "All <i>persons</i> that on +earth do dwell." A <i>state</i> is an organized political <i>community</i> considered +in its corporate capacity as "a body politic and corporate;" +as, a legislative act is the act of the <i>state</i>; every citizen is +entitled to the protection of the <i>state</i>. A <i>nation</i> is an organized +political <i>community</i> considered with reference to the persons composing +it as having certain definite boundaries, a definite number +of citizens, etc. The members of a <i>people</i> are referred to as persons +or individuals; the individual members of a <i>state</i> or <i>nation</i> +are called citizens or subjects. The <i>population</i> of a country is +simply the aggregate of persons residing within its borders, without +reference to <i>race</i>, organization, or allegiance; unnaturalized +residents form part of the <i>population</i>, but not of the <i>nation</i>, possessing +none of the rights and being subject to none of the duties +of citizens. In American usage <i>State</i> signifies one <i>commonwealth</i> +of the federal union known as the United <i>States</i>. <i>Tribe</i> is now +almost wholly applied to rude <i>peoples</i> with very imperfect political +organization; as, the Indian <i>tribes</i>; nomadic <i>tribes</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#MOB">MOB</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PERCEIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apprehend,</td><td>comprehend,</td><td>conceive,</td><td>understand.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We <i>perceive</i> what is presented through the senses. We <i>apprehend</i> +what is presented to the mind, whether through the +senses or by any other means. Yet <i>perceive</i> is used in the figurative +sense of seeing through to a conclusion, in a way for which +usage would not allow us to substitute <i>apprehend</i>; as, "Sir, I +<i>perceive</i> that thou art a prophet," <i>John</i> iv, 19. That which we +<i>apprehend</i> we catch, as with the hand; that which we <i>conceive</i> +we are able to analyze and recompose in our mind; that which we +<i>comprehend</i>, we, as it were, grasp around, take together, seize, +embrace wholly within the mind. Many things may be <i>apprehended</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> +which can not be <i>comprehended</i>; a child can <i>apprehend</i> +the distinction between right and wrong, yet the philosopher can +not <i>comprehend</i> it in its fulness. We can <i>apprehend</i> the will of +God as revealed in conscience or the Scriptures; we can <i>conceive</i> +of certain attributes of Deity, as his truth and justice; but no +finite intelligence can <i>comprehend</i> the Divine Nature, in its majesty, +power, and perfection. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTICIPATE">ANTICIPATE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARREST">ARREST</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CATCH">CATCH</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KNOWLEDGE">KNOWLEDGE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fail of,</td><td>ignore,</td><td>lose,</td><td>misapprehend,</td><td>misconceive,</td><td>miss,</td><td>overlook.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PERFECT" id="PERFECT"></a>PERFECT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolute,</td><td>consummate,</td><td>holy,</td><td>spotless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>accurate,</td><td>correct,</td><td>ideal,</td><td>stainless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blameless,</td><td>entire,</td><td>immaculate,</td><td>unblemished,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complete,</td><td>faultless,</td><td>sinless,</td><td>undefiled.</td></tr> +<tr><td>completed,</td><td colspan="3">finished,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>perfect</i> to which nothing can be added, and from +which nothing can be taken without impairing its excellence, +marring its symmetry, or detracting from its worth; in this fullest +sense God alone is <i>perfect</i>, but in a limited sense anything may be +<i>perfect</i> in its kind; as a <i>perfect</i> flower; a copy of a document is +<i>perfect</i> when it is <i>accurate</i> in every particular; a vase may be +called <i>perfect</i> when <i>entire</i> and <i>unblemished</i>, even tho not artistically +<i>faultless</i>; the best judges never pronounce a work of art +<i>perfect</i>, because they see always <i>ideal</i> possibilities not yet attained; +even the <i>ideal</i> is not <i>perfect</i>, by reason of the imperfection +of the human mind; a human character faultlessly <i>holy</i> would be +morally <i>perfect</i> tho finite. That which is <i>absolute</i> is free from +admixture (as <i>absolute</i> alcohol) and in the highest and fullest +sense free from imperfection or limitation; as, <i>absolute</i> holiness +and love are attributes of God alone. In philosophical language, +<i>absolute</i> signifies free from all necessary, or even from all possible +relations, not dependent or limited, unrelated and unconditioned; +truth immediately known, as intuitive truth, is <i>absolute</i>; God, as +self-existent and free from all limitation or dependence, is called +the <i>absolute</i> Being, or simply the <i>Absolute</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INNOCENT">INNOCENT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#INFINITE">INFINITE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#RADICAL">RADICAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bad,</td><td>defective,</td><td>imperfect,</td><td>meager,</td><td>scant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blemished,</td><td>deficient,</td><td>incomplete,</td><td>perverted,</td><td>short,</td></tr> +<tr><td>corrupt,</td><td>deformed,</td><td>inferior,</td><td>poor,</td><td>spoiled,</td></tr> +<tr><td>corrupted,</td><td>fallible,</td><td>insufficient,</td><td>ruined,</td><td>worthless.</td></tr> +<tr><td>defaced,</td><td>faulty,</td><td colspan="3">marred,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span></p> + +<h3>PERMANENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abiding,</td><td>enduring,</td><td>lasting,</td><td>steadfast,</td></tr> +<tr><td>changeless,</td><td>fixed,</td><td>perpetual,</td><td>unchangeable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constant,</td><td>immutable,</td><td>persistent,</td><td>unchanging.</td></tr> +<tr><td>durable,</td><td>invariable,</td><td colspan="2">stable,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Durable</i> (L. <i>durus</i>, hard) is said almost wholly of material +substances that resist wear; <i>lasting</i> is said of either material or immaterial +things. <i>Permanent</i> is a word of wider meaning; a thing +is <i>permanent</i> which is not liable to change; as, a <i>permanent</i> color; +buildings upon a farm are called <i>permanent</i> improvements. <i>Enduring</i> +is a higher word, applied to that which resists both time +and change; as, <i>enduring</i> fame.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#TRANSIENT">TRANSIENT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PERMISSION" id="PERMISSION"></a>PERMISSION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allowance,</td><td>authorization,</td><td>leave,</td><td>license,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authority,</td><td>consent,</td><td>liberty,</td><td>permit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Authority</i> unites the right and power of control; age, wisdom, +and character give <i>authority</i> to their possessor; a book of learned +research has <i>authority</i>, and is even called an <i>authority</i>. <i>Permission</i> +justifies another in acting without interference or censure, +and usually implies some degree of approval. <i>Authority</i> gives a +certain right of control over all that may be affected by the action. +There may be a failure to object, which constitutes an implied +<i>permission</i>, tho this is more properly expressed by <i>allowance</i>; +we <i>allow</i> what we do not oppose, <i>permit</i> what we expressly +authorize. The noun <i>permit</i> implies a formal written +<i>permission</i>. <i>License</i> is a formal <i>permission</i> granted by competent +<i>authority</i> to an individual to do some act or pursue some +business which would be or is made to be unlawful without such +<i>permission</i>; as, a <i>license</i> to preach, to solemnize marriages, or to +sell intoxicating liquors. A <i>license</i> is <i>permission</i> granted rather +than <i>authority</i> conferred; the sheriff has <i>authority</i> (not <i>permission</i> +nor <i>license</i>) to make an arrest. <i>Consent</i> is <i>permission</i> by +the concurrence of wills in two or more persons, a mutual approval +or acceptance of something proposed. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLOW">ALLOW</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>denial,</td><td>objection,</td><td>prevention,</td><td rowspan="2">refusal,</td><td rowspan="2">resistance.</td></tr> +<tr><td>hindrance,</td><td>opposition,</td><td>prohibition,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span></p> + +<h3>PERNICIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bad,</td><td>evil,</td><td>mischievous,</td><td>pestilential,</td></tr> +<tr><td>baneful,</td><td>foul,</td><td>noisome,</td><td>poisonous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deadly,</td><td>harmful,</td><td>noxious,</td><td>ruinous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deleterious,</td><td>hurtful,</td><td>perverting,</td><td>unhealthful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destructive,</td><td>injurious,</td><td rowspan="2">pestiferous,</td><td rowspan="2">unwholesome.</td></tr> +<tr><td>detrimental,</td><td>insalubrious,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pernicious</i> (L. <i>per</i>, through, and <i>neco</i>, kill) signifies having the +power of destroying or injuring, tending to hurt or kill. <i>Pernicious</i> +is stronger than <i>injurious</i>; that which is <i>injurious</i> is capable +of doing harm; that which is <i>pernicious</i> is likely to be <i>destructive</i>. +<i>Noxious</i> (L. <i>noceo</i>, hurt) is a stronger word than <i>noisome</i>, as referring +to that which is <i>injurious</i> or <i>destructive</i>. <i>Noisome</i> now always +denotes that which is extremely disagreeable or disgusting, especially +to the sense of smell; as, the <i>noisome</i> stench proclaimed the +presence of <i>noxious</i> gases.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advantageous,</td><td>favorable,</td><td>helpful,</td><td>profitable,</td><td>serviceable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beneficent,</td><td>good,</td><td>invigorating,</td><td>rejuvenating,</td><td>useful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beneficial,</td><td>healthful,</td><td>life-giving,</td><td>salutary,</td><td>wholesome.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PERPLEXITY" id="PERPLEXITY"></a>PERPLEXITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>amazement,</td><td>bewilderment,</td><td>distraction,</td><td>doubt,</td></tr> +<tr><td>astonishment,</td><td>confusion,</td><td>disturbance,</td><td>embarrassment.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Perplexity</i> (L. <i>per</i>, through, and <i>plecto</i>, plait) is the drawing or +turning of the thoughts or faculties by turns in different directions +or toward contrasted or contradictory conclusions; <i>confusion</i> (L. +<i>confusus</i>, from <i>confundo</i>, pour together) is a state in which the +mental faculties are, as it were, thrown into chaos, so that the +clear and distinct action of the different powers, as of perception, +memory, reason, and will is lost; <i>bewilderment</i> is akin to <i>confusion</i>, +but is less overwhelming, and more readily recovered from; +<i>perplexity</i>, accordingly, has not the unsettling of the faculties +implied in <i>confusion</i>, nor the overwhelming of the faculties implied +in <i>amazement</i> or <i>astonishment</i>; it is not the magnitude of +the things to be known, but the want of full and definite knowledge, +that causes <i>perplexity</i>. The dividing of a woodland path +may cause the traveler the greatest <i>perplexity</i>, which may become +<i>bewilderment</i> when he has tried one path after another and lost +his bearings completely. With an excitable person <i>bewilderment</i> +may deepen into <i>confusion</i> that will make him unable to think +clearly or even to see or hear distinctly. <i>Amazement</i> results from +the sudden and unimagined occurrence of great good or evil or<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span> +the sudden awakening of the mind to unthought-of truth. +<i>Astonishment</i> often produces <i>bewilderment</i>, which the word +was formerly understood to imply. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMAZEMENT">AMAZEMENT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ANXIETY">ANXIETY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DOUBT_n">DOUBT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PERSUADE" id="PERSUADE"></a>PERSUADE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allure,</td><td>dispose,</td><td>incline,</td><td>move,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bring over,</td><td>entice,</td><td>induce,</td><td>prevail on <span class="nbi">or</span> upon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coax,</td><td>impel,</td><td>influence,</td><td>urge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>convince,</td><td>incite,</td><td>lead,</td><td>win over.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Of these words <i>convince</i> alone has no direct reference to moving +the will, denoting an effect upon the understanding only; one +may be <i>convinced</i> of his duty without doing it, or he may be <i>convinced</i> +of truth that has no manifest connection with duty or action, +as of a mathematical proposition. To <i>persuade</i> is to bring the will +of another to a desired decision by some influence exerted upon it +short of compulsion; one may be <i>convinced</i> that the earth is round; +he may be <i>persuaded</i> to travel round it; but persuasion is so largely +dependent upon conviction that it is commonly held to be the orator's +work first to <i>convince</i> in order that he may <i>persuade</i>. <i>Coax</i> +is a slighter word than <i>persuade</i>, seeking the same end by shallower +methods, largely by appeal to personal feeling, with or without +success; as, a child <i>coaxes</i> a parent to buy him a toy. One +may be <i>brought over</i>, <i>induced</i>, or <i>prevailed upon</i> by means not +properly included in persuasion, as by bribery or intimidation; he +is <i>won over</i> chiefly by personal influence. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INFLUENCE">INFLUENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deter,</td><td>discourage,</td><td>dissuade,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>hold back,</td><td>repel,</td><td>restrain.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PERTNESS" id="PERTNESS"></a>PERTNESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>boldness,</td><td>forwardness,</td><td>liveliness,</td><td rowspan="3">sprightliness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>briskness,</td><td>impertinence,</td><td>sauciness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flippancy,</td><td>impudence,</td><td>smartness,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Liveliness</i> and <i>sprightliness</i> are pleasant and commendable; +<i>smartness</i> is a limited and showy acuteness or shrewdness, usually +with unfavorable suggestion; <i>pertness</i> and <i>sauciness</i> are these +qualities overdone, and regardless of the respect due to superiors. +<i>Impertinence</i> and <i>impudence</i> may be gross and stupid; <i>pertness</i> +and <i>sauciness</i> are always vivid and keen. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#IMPUDENCE">IMPUDENCE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bashfulness,</td><td>demureness,</td><td>diffidence,</td><td>humility,</td><td>modesty,</td><td>shyness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PERVERSE" id="PERVERSE"></a>PERVERSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contrary,</td><td>froward,</td><td>petulant,</td><td>untoward,</td></tr> +<tr><td>factious,</td><td>intractable,</td><td>stubborn,</td><td>wayward,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fractious,</td><td>obstinate,</td><td>ungovernable,</td><td>wilful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Perverse</i> (L. <i>perversus</i>, turned the wrong way) signifies wilfully +wrong or erring, unreasonably set against right, reason, or +authority. The <i>stubborn</i> or <i>obstinate</i> person will not do what +another desires or requires; the <i>perverse</i> person will do anything +contrary to what is desired or required of him. The <i>petulant</i> person +frets, but may comply; the <i>perverse</i> individual may be smooth +or silent, but is wilfully <i>intractable</i>. <i>Wayward</i> refers to a <i>perverse</i> +disregard of morality and duty; <i>froward</i> is practically obsolete; +<i>untoward</i> is rarely heard except in certain phrases; as, +<i>untoward</i> circumstances. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSTINATE">OBSTINATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accommodating,</td><td>complaisant,</td><td>genial,</td><td>kind,</td></tr> +<tr><td>amenable,</td><td>compliant,</td><td>governable,</td><td>obliging.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PHYSICAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bodily,</td><td>corporeal,</td><td>natural,</td><td>tangible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>corporal,</td><td>material,</td><td>sensible,</td><td>visible.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Whatever is composed of or pertains to matter may be termed +<i>material</i>; <i>physical</i> (Gr. <i>physis</i>, nature) applies to <i>material</i> things +considered as parts of a system or organic whole; hence, we speak +of <i>material</i> substances, <i>physical</i> forces, <i>physical</i> laws. <i>Bodily</i>, +<i>corporal</i>, and <i>corporeal</i> apply primarily to the human body; <i>bodily</i> +and <i>corporal</i> both denote pertaining or relating to the body; +<i>corporeal</i> signifies of the nature of or like the body; <i>corporal</i> is +now almost wholly restricted to signify applied to or inflicted +upon the body; we speak of <i>bodily</i> sufferings, <i>bodily</i> presence, +<i>corporal</i> punishment, the <i>corporeal</i> frame.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hyperphysical,</td><td>intangible,</td><td>invisible,</td><td>moral,</td><td>unreal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>immaterial,</td><td>intellectual,</td><td>mental,</td><td>spiritual,</td><td>unsubstantial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PIQUE" id="PIQUE"></a>PIQUE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>displeasure,</td><td>irritation,</td><td>offense,</td><td>resentment,</td><td>umbrage.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="5">grudge,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pique</i>, from the French, signifies primarily a prick or a sting, +as of a nettle; the word denotes a sudden feeling of mingled pain +and anger, but slight and usually transient, arising from some neglect +or <i>offense</i>, real or imaginary. <i>Umbrage</i> is a deeper and more<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span> +persistent <i>displeasure</i> at being overshadowed (L. <i>umbra</i>, a +shadow) or subjected to any treatment that one deems unworthy +of him. It may be said, as a general statement, that <i>pique</i> arises +from wounded vanity or sensitiveness, <i>umbrage</i> from wounded +pride or sometimes from suspicion. <i>Resentment</i> rests on more +solid grounds, and is deep and persistent. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANGER">ANGER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>approval,</td><td rowspan="2">contentment,</td><td rowspan="2">delight,</td><td rowspan="2">gratification,</td><td rowspan="2">pleasure,</td><td rowspan="2">satisfaction.</td></tr> +<tr><td>complacency,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PITIFUL" id="PITIFUL"></a>PITIFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abject,</td><td>lamentable,</td><td>paltry,</td><td>sorrowful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>base,</td><td>miserable,</td><td>pathetic,</td><td>touching,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contemptible,</td><td>mournful,</td><td>piteous,</td><td>woful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>despicable,</td><td>moving,</td><td>pitiable,</td><td>wretched.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pitiful</i> originally signified full of pity; as, "the Lord is very +<i>pitiful</i> and of tender mercy," <i>James</i> v, 11; but this usage is now +archaic, and the meaning in question is appropriated by such words +as merciful and compassionate. <i>Pitiful</i> and <i>pitiable</i> now refer to +what may be deserving of pity, <i>pitiful</i> being used chiefly for that +which is merely an object of thought, <i>pitiable</i> for that which is +brought directly before the senses; as, a <i>pitiful</i> story; a <i>pitiable</i> +object; a <i>pitiable</i> condition. Since pity, however, always implies +weakness or inferiority in that which is pitied, <i>pitiful</i> and <i>pitiable</i> +are often used, by an easy transition, for what might awaken +pity, but does awaken contempt; as, a <i>pitiful</i> excuse; he presented +a <i>pitiable</i> appearance. <i>Piteous</i> is now rarely used in its +earlier sense of feeling pity, but in its derived sense applies to +what really excites the emotion; as, a <i>piteous</i> cry. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HUMANE">HUMANE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MERCY">MERCY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PITY">PITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>august,</td><td>dignified,</td><td>grand,</td><td>lofty,</td><td>sublime,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beneficent,</td><td>exalted,</td><td>great,</td><td>mighty,</td><td>superb,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commanding,</td><td>glorious,</td><td>helpful,</td><td>noble,</td><td>superior.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PITY" id="PITY"></a>PITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>commiseration,</td><td>condolence,</td><td>sympathy,</td><td>tenderness.</td></tr> +<tr><td>compassion,</td><td colspan="3">mercy,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Pity</i> is a feeling of grief or pain aroused by the weakness, misfortunes, +or distresses of others, joined with a desire to help or relieve. +<i>Sympathy</i> (feeling or suffering with) implies some degree +of equality, kindred, or union; <i>pity</i> is for what is weak or unfortunate, +and so far, at least, inferior to ourselves; hence, <i>pity</i> is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span> +often resented where <i>sympathy</i> would be welcome. We have +<i>sympathy</i> with one in joy or grief, in pleasure or pain, <i>pity</i> only +for those in suffering or need; we may have <i>sympathy</i> with the +struggles of a giant or the triumphs of a conqueror; we are moved +with <i>pity</i> for the captive or the slave. <i>Pity</i> may be only in the +mind, but <i>mercy</i> does something for those who are its objects. +<i>Compassion</i>, like <i>pity</i>, is exercised only with respect to the suffering +or unfortunate, but combines with the tenderness of <i>pity</i> the +dignity of <i>sympathy</i> and the active quality of <i>mercy</i>. <i>Commiseration</i> +is as tender as <i>compassion</i>, but more remote and hopeless; +we have <i>commiseration</i> for sufferers whom we can not reach or +can not relieve. <i>Condolence</i> is the expression of <i>sympathy</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#MERCY">MERCY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barbarity,</td><td>ferocity,</td><td>harshness,</td><td>pitilessness,</td><td>severity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brutality,</td><td>hard-heartedness,</td><td>inhumanity,</td><td>rigor,</td><td>sternness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cruelty,</td><td>hardness,</td><td>mercilessness,</td><td>ruthlessness,</td><td>truculence.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Pity <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> that which we help or spare; pity <i>for</i> that +which we merely contemplate; "have pity <i>upon</i> me, O ye my +friends," <i>Job</i> xix, 21; "pity <i>for</i> a horse o'erdriven," <span class="smc">Tennyson</span> +<i>In Memoriam</i> lxii, st. 1.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PLANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>seed,</td><td>seed down,</td><td>set,</td><td>set out,</td><td>sow.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>We <i>set</i> or <i>set out</i> slips, cuttings, young trees, etc., tho we +may also be said to <i>plant</i> them; we <i>plant</i> corn, potatoes, etc., +which we put in definite places, as in hills, with some care; we +<i>sow</i> wheat or other small grains and seeds which are scattered in +the process. Tho by modern agricultural machinery the smaller +grains are almost as precisely <i>planted</i> as corn, the old word for +broadcast scattering is retained. Land is <i>seeded</i> or <i>seeded down</i> +to grass.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>eradicate,</td><td>extirpate,</td><td>root up,</td><td>uproot,</td><td>weed out.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PLEAD" id="PLEAD"></a>PLEAD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advocate,</td><td>ask,</td><td>beseech,</td><td>implore,</td><td>solicit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>argue,</td><td>beg,</td><td>entreat,</td><td>press,</td><td>urge.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>plead</i> for one is to employ argument or persuasion, or both +in his behalf, usually with earnestness or importunity; similarly<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> +one may be said to <i>plead</i> for himself or for a cause, etc., or with +direct object, to <i>plead</i> a case; in legal usage, <i>pleading</i> is argumentative, +but in popular usage, <i>pleading</i> always implies some +appeal to the feelings. One <i>argues</i> a case solely on rational +grounds and supposably with fair consideration of both sides; he +<i>advocates</i> one side for the purpose of carrying it, and under the +influence of motives that may range all the way from cold self-interest +to the highest and noblest impulses; he <i>pleads</i> a cause, or +<i>pleads</i> for a person with still more intense feeling. <i>Beseech</i>, <i>entreat</i>, +and <i>implore</i> imply impassioned earnestness, with direct and +tender appeal to personal considerations. <i>Press</i> and <i>urge</i> imply +more determined or perhaps authoritative insistence. <i>Solicit</i> is a +weak word denoting merely an attempt to secure one's consent or +cooperation, sometimes by sordid or corrupt motives.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Plead <i>with</i> the tyrant <i>for</i> the captive; plead <i>against</i> the oppression +or the oppressor; plead <i>to</i> the indictment; <i>at</i> the bar; <i>before</i> +the court; <i>in</i> open court.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PLEASANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agreeable,</td><td>good-natured,</td><td>kindly,</td><td>pleasing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>attractive,</td><td>kind,</td><td>obliging,</td><td>pleasurable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>pleasing</i> from which pleasure is received, or may readily +be received, without reference to any action or intent in that +which confers it; as, a <i>pleasing</i> picture; a <i>pleasing</i> landscape. +Whatever has active qualities adapted to give pleasure is <i>pleasant</i>; +as, a <i>pleasant</i> breeze; a <i>pleasant</i> (not a <i>pleasing</i>) day. As applied +to persons, <i>pleasant</i> always refers to a disposition ready and desirous +to please; one is <i>pleasant</i>, or in a <i>pleasant</i> mood, when inclined +to make happy those with whom he is dealing, to show +kindness and do any reasonable favor. In this sense <i>pleasant</i> is +nearly akin to <i>kind</i>, but <i>kind</i> refers to act or intent, while <i>pleasant</i> +stops with the disposition; many persons are no longer in a <i>pleasant</i> +mood if asked to do a troublesome kindness. <i>Pleasant</i> keeps +always something of the sense of actually giving pleasure, and +thus surpasses the meaning of <i>good-natured</i>; there are <i>good-natured</i> +people who by reason of rudeness and ill-breeding are +not <i>pleasant</i> companions. A <i>pleasing</i> face has good features, +complexion, expression, etc.; a <i>pleasant</i> face indicates a <i>kind</i> +heart and an <i>obliging</i> disposition, as well as <i>kindly</i> feelings in +actual exercise; we can say of one usually <i>good-natured</i>, "on<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span> +that occasion he did not meet me with a <i>pleasant</i> face." <i>Pleasant</i>, +in the sense of gay, merry, jocose (the sense still retained in +<i>pleasantry</i>), is now rare, and would not be understood outside of +literary circles. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AMIABLE">AMIABLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#COMFORTABLE">COMFORTABLE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DELIGHTFUL">DELIGHTFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrogant,</td><td>displeasing,</td><td>glum,</td><td>ill-humored,</td><td>repelling,</td></tr> +<tr><td>austere,</td><td>dreary,</td><td>grim,</td><td>ill-natured,</td><td>repulsive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crabbed,</td><td>forbidding,</td><td>harsh,</td><td>offensive,</td><td>unkind,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disagreeable,</td><td>gloomy,</td><td>hateful,</td><td>repellent,</td><td>unpleasant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Pleasant <i>to</i>, <i>with</i>, or <i>toward</i> persons, <i>about</i> a matter.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PLENTIFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abounding,</td><td>bountiful,</td><td>generous,</td><td>plenteous,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abundant,</td><td>complete,</td><td>large,</td><td>profuse,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adequate,</td><td>copious,</td><td>lavish,</td><td>replete,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affluent,</td><td>enough,</td><td>liberal,</td><td>rich,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ample,</td><td>exuberant,</td><td>luxuriant,</td><td>sufficient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bounteous,</td><td>full,</td><td>overflowing,</td><td>teeming.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Enough</i> is relative, denoting a supply equal to a given demand. +A temperature of 70° Fahrenheit is <i>enough</i> for a living-room; of +212° <i>enough</i> to boil water; neither is <i>enough</i> to melt iron. <i>Sufficient</i>, +from the Latin, is an equivalent of the Saxon <i>enough</i>, with +no perceptible difference of meaning, but only of usage, <i>enough</i> +being the more blunt, homely, and forcible word, while <i>sufficient</i> is +in many cases the more elegant or polite. <i>Sufficient</i> usually precedes +its noun; <i>enough</i> usually and preferably follows. That is +<i>ample</i> which gives a safe, but not a large, margin beyond a given +demand; that is <i>abundant</i>, <i>affluent</i>, <i>bountiful</i>, <i>liberal</i>, <i>plentiful</i>, +which is largely in excess of manifest need. <i>Plentiful</i> is used of +supplies, as of food, water, etc.; as, "a <i>plentiful</i> rain," <i>Ps.</i> lxviii, +9. We may also say a <i>copious</i> rain; but <i>copious</i> can be applied to +thought, language, etc., where <i>plentiful</i> can not well be used. +<i>Affluent</i> and <i>liberal</i> both apply to riches, resources; <i>liberal</i>, with +especial reference to giving or expending. (Compare synonyms +for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ADEQUATE">ADEQUATE</a></span>.) <i>Affluent</i>, referring +especially to riches, may be used of thought, feeling, etc. +Neither <i>affluent</i>, <i>copious</i>, nor <i>plentiful</i> can be used of time or +space; a field is sometimes called <i>plentiful</i>, not with reference +to its extent, but to its productiveness. <i>Complete</i> expresses not +excess or overplus, and yet not mere sufficiency, but harmony, +proportion, fitness to a design, or ideal. <i>Ample</i> and <i>abundant</i> may +be applied to any subject. We have time <i>enough</i>, means that +we can reach our destination without haste, but also without +delay; if we have <i>ample</i> time, we may move leisurely, and note<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> +what is by the way; if we have <i>abundant</i> time, we may pause to +converse with a friend, to view the scenery, or to rest when weary. +<i>Lavish</i> and <i>profuse</i> imply a decided excess, oftenest in the ill +sense. We rejoice in <i>abundant</i> resources, and honor <i>generous</i> +hospitality; <i>lavish</i> or <i>profuse</i> expenditure suggests extravagance +and wastefulness. <i>Luxuriant</i> is used especially of that which is +<i>abundant</i> in growth; as, a <i>luxuriant</i> crop.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deficient,</td><td>inadequate,</td><td>narrow,</td><td>scanty,</td><td>small,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drained,</td><td>insufficient,</td><td>niggardly,</td><td>scarce,</td><td>sparing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exhausted,</td><td>mean,</td><td>poor,</td><td>scrimped,</td><td>stingy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>impoverished,</td><td>miserly,</td><td>scant,</td><td>short,</td><td>straitened.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Plentiful <i>in</i> resources.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="POETRY" id="POETRY"></a>POETRY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>meter,</td><td>numbers,</td><td>poesy,</td><td>song,</td></tr> +<tr><td>metrical composition,</td><td>poem,</td><td>rime,</td><td>verse.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Poetry</i> is that form of literature that embodies beautiful +thought, feeling, or action in melodious, rhythmical, and (usually) +metrical language, in imaginative and artistic constructions. +<i>Poetry</i> in a very wide sense may be anything that pleasingly +addresses the imagination; as, the <i>poetry</i> of motion. In ordinary +usage, <i>poetry</i> is both imaginative and metrical. There may be <i>poetry</i> +without <i>rime</i>, but hardly without <i>meter</i>, or what in some languages +takes its place, as the Hebrew parallelism; but <i>poetry</i> involves, +besides the artistic form, the exercise of the fancy or +imagination in a way always beautiful, often lofty or even sublime. +Failing this, there may be <i>verse</i>, <i>rime</i>, and <i>meter</i>, but not +<i>poetry</i>. There is much in literature that is beautiful and sublime +in thought and artistic in construction, which is yet not <i>poetry</i>, +because quite devoid of the element of <i>song</i>, whereby <i>poetry</i> +differs from the most lofty, beautiful, or impassioned prose. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#METER">METER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>prosaic speech,</td><td>prosaic writing,</td><td>prose.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="POLITE" id="POLITE"></a>POLITE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplished,</td><td>courtly,</td><td>genteel,</td><td>urbane,</td></tr> +<tr><td>civil,</td><td>cultivated,</td><td>gracious,</td><td>well-behaved,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complaisant,</td><td>cultured,</td><td>obliging,</td><td>well-bred,</td></tr> +<tr><td>courteous,</td><td>elegant,</td><td>polished,</td><td>well-mannered.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>civil</i> person observes such propriety of speech and manner as<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span> +to avoid being rude; one who is <i>polite</i> (literally <i>polished</i>) observes +more than the necessary proprieties, conforming to all that is +graceful, becoming, and thoughtful in the intercourse of refined +society. A man may be <i>civil</i> with no consideration for others, +simply because self-respect forbids him to be rude; but one who +is <i>polite</i> has at least some care for the opinions of others, and if +<i>polite</i> in the highest and truest sense, which is coming to be the +prevailing one, he cares for the comfort and happiness of others in +the smallest matters. <i>Civil</i> is a colder and more distant word than +<i>polite</i>; <i>courteous</i> is fuller and richer, dealing often with greater +matters, and is used only in the good sense. <i>Courtly</i> suggests +that which befits a royal court, and is used of external grace and +stateliness without reference to the prompting feeling; as, the +<i>courtly</i> manners of the ambassador. <i>Genteel</i> refers to an external +elegance, which may be showy and superficial, and the word is +thus inferior to <i>polite</i> or <i>courteous</i>. <i>Urbane</i> refers to a politeness +that is genial and successful in giving others a sense of ease and +cheer. <i>Polished</i> refers to external elegancies of speech and manner +without reference to spirit or purpose; as, a <i>polished</i> gentleman +or a <i>polished</i> scoundrel; <i>cultured</i> refers to a real and high +development of mind and soul, of which the external manifestation +is the smallest part. <i>Complaisant</i> denotes a disposition to +please or favor beyond what <i>politeness</i> would necessarily require.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>clownish,</td><td>ill-mannered,</td><td>insulting,</td><td>uncouth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bluff,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>impertinent,</td><td>raw,</td><td>unmannerly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blunt,</td><td>discourteous,</td><td>impolite,</td><td>rude,</td><td>unpolished,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boorish,</td><td>ill-behaved,</td><td>impudent,</td><td>rustic,</td><td>untaught,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brusk,</td><td>ill-bred,</td><td>insolent,</td><td>uncivil,</td><td>untutored.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>POLITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>constitution,</td><td>policy,</td><td>form <span class="nbi">or</span> system of government.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Polity</i> is the permanent system of government of a state, a +church, or a society; <i>policy</i> is the method of management with +reference to the attainment of certain ends; the national <i>polity</i> of +the United States is republican; each administration has a <i>policy</i> +of its own. <i>Policy</i> is often used as equivalent to expediency; as, +many think honesty to be good <i>policy</i>. <i>Polity</i> used in ecclesiastical +use serves a valuable purpose in distinguishing that which relates +to administration and government from that which relates +to faith and doctrine; two churches identical in faith may differ +in <i>polity</i>, or those agreeing in <i>polity</i> may differ in faith. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#LAW">LAW</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PORTION" id="PORTION"></a>PORTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>lot,</td><td>parcel,</td><td>part,</td><td>proportion,</td><td>share.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>When any whole is divided into <i>parts</i>, any <i>part</i> that is allotted +to some person, thing, subject or purpose is called a <i>portion</i>, tho +the division may be by no fixed rule or relation; a father may +divide his estate by will among his children so as to make their +several <i>portions</i> great or small, according to his arbitrary and +unreasonable caprice. When we speak of a <i>part</i> as a <i>proportion</i>, +we think of the whole as divided according to some rule or scale, +so that the different <i>parts</i> bear a contemplated and intended relation +or ratio to one another; thus, the <i>portion</i> allotted to a child +by will may not be a fair <i>proportion</i> of the estate. <i>Proportion</i> is +often used where <i>part</i> or <i>portion</i> would be more appropriate. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PART_n">PART</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>POVERTY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beggary,</td><td>distress,</td><td>mendicancy,</td><td>pauperism,</td><td>privation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destitution,</td><td>indigence,</td><td>need,</td><td>penury,</td><td>want.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Poverty</i> denotes strictly lack of property or adequate means of +support, but in common use is a relative term denoting any condition +below that of easy, comfortable living; <i>privation</i> denotes +a condition of painful lack of what is useful or desirable, tho not +to the extent of absolute <i>distress</i>; <i>indigence</i> is lack of ordinary +means of subsistence; <i>destitution</i> is lack of the comforts, and in +part even of the necessaries of life; <i>penury</i> is especially cramping +<i>poverty</i>, possibly not so sharp as <i>destitution</i>, but continuous, while +that may be temporary; <i>pauperism</i> is such <i>destitution</i> as throws +one upon organized public charity for support; <i>beggary</i> and <i>mendicancy</i> +denote <i>poverty</i> that appeals for indiscriminate private +charity.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="POWER" id="POWER"></a>POWER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ability,</td><td>competency,</td><td>expertness,</td><td>readiness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aptitude,</td><td>dexterity,</td><td>faculty,</td><td>skill,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capability,</td><td>efficacy,</td><td>force,</td><td>strength,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capacity,</td><td>efficiency,</td><td>might,</td><td>susceptibility,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cleverness,</td><td>energy,</td><td>qualification,</td><td>talent.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">cogency,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Power</i> is the most general term of this group, including every +quality, property, or <i>faculty</i> by which any change, effect, or result +is, or may be, produced; as, the <i>power</i> of the legislature to enact +laws, or of the executive to enforce them; the <i>power</i> of an acid to<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span> +corrode a metal; the <i>power</i> of a polished surface to reflect light. +<i>Ability</i> is nearly coextensive with <i>power</i>, but does not reach the +positiveness and vigor that may be included in the meaning of +<i>power</i>, <i>ability</i> often implying latent, as distinguished from active +<i>power</i>; we speak of an exertion of <i>power</i>, but not of an exertion +of <i>ability</i>. <i>Power</i> and <i>ability</i> include <i>capacity</i>, which is <i>power</i> to +receive; but <i>ability</i> is often distinguished from <i>capacity</i>, as power +that may be manifested in doing, as <i>capacity</i> is in receiving; one +may have great <i>capacity</i> for acquiring knowledge, and yet not +possess <i>ability</i> to teach. <i>Efficiency</i> is active <i>power</i> to effect a definite +result, the <i>power</i> that actually does, as distinguished from +that which may do. <i>Competency</i> is equal to the occasion, <i>readiness</i> +prompt for the occasion. <i>Faculty</i> is an inherent quality of +mind or body; <i>talent</i>, some special mental <i>ability</i>. <i>Dexterity</i> and +<i>skill</i> are readiness and facility in action, having a special end; +<i>talent</i> is innate, <i>dexterity</i> and <i>skill</i> are largely acquired. Our +<i>abilities</i> include our natural <i>capacity</i>, <i>faculties</i>, and <i>talents</i>, with +all the <i>dexterity</i>, <i>skill</i>, and <i>readiness</i> that can be acquired. <i>Efficacy</i> +is the power to produce an intended effect as shown in the +production of it; as, the <i>efficacy</i> of a drug. <i>Efficiency</i> is effectual +agency, competent <i>power</i>; <i>efficiency</i> is applied in mechanics as +denoting the ratio of the effect produced to the <i>power</i> expended in +producing it; but this word is chiefly used of intelligent agents as +denoting the quality that brings all one's <i>power</i> to bear promptly +and to the best purpose on the thing to be done. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ADDRESS_n">ADDRESS</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DEXTERITY">DEXTERITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SKILFUL">SKILFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkwardness,</td><td>helplessness,</td><td>inability,</td><td>incompetence,</td><td>stupidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dulness,</td><td>imbecility,</td><td>inaptitude,</td><td>inefficiency,</td><td>unskilfulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>feebleness,</td><td>impotence,</td><td>incapacity,</td><td>maladroitness,</td><td>weakness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PRAISE" id="PRAISE"></a>PRAISE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acclaim,</td><td>approbation,</td><td>compliment,</td><td>laudation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acclamation,</td><td>approval,</td><td>encomium,</td><td>panegyric,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adulation,</td><td>cheering,</td><td>eulogy,</td><td>plaudit,</td></tr> +<tr><td>applause,</td><td>cheers,</td><td>flattery,</td><td>sycophancy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Praise</i> is the hearty approval of an individual, or of a number +or multitude considered individually, and is expressed by +spoken or written words; <i>applause</i>, the spontaneous outburst of +many at once. <i>Applause</i> is expressed in any way, by stamping of +feet, clapping of hands, waving of handkerchiefs, etc., as well as +by the voice; <i>acclamation</i> is the spontaneous and hearty approval<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span> +of many at once, and strictly by the voice alone. Thus one is +chosen moderator by <i>acclamation</i> when he receives a unanimous +<i>viva voce</i> vote; we could not say he was nominated by <i>applause</i>. +<i>Acclaim</i> is the more poetic term for <i>acclamation</i>, commonly understood +in a loftier sense; as, a nation's <i>acclaim</i>. <i>Plaudit</i> is a +shout of <i>applause</i>, and is commonly used in the plural; as, the +<i>plaudits</i> of a throng. <i>Applause</i> is also used in the general sense +of <i>praise</i>. <i>Approbation</i> is a milder and more qualified word than +<i>praise</i>; while <i>praise</i> is always uttered, <i>approbation</i> may be +silent. "<i>Approbation</i> speaks of the thing or action.... <i>Praise</i> +is always personal." <span class="smc">A. W. and J. C. Hare</span> <i>Guesses at Truth</i> +first series, p. 549. [<span class="smc">Macm.</span> '66.] <i>Acceptance</i> refers to an object or +action; <i>approbation</i> may refer to character or natural traits. +<i>Approval</i> always supposes a testing or careful examination, and +frequently implies official sanction; <i>approbation</i> may be upon a +general view. The industry and intelligence of a clerk win his +employer's <i>approbation</i>; his decision in a special instance +receives his <i>approval</i>. <i>Praise</i> is always understood as genuine +and sincere, unless the contrary is expressly stated; <i>compliment</i> is +a light form of <i>praise</i> that may or may not be sincere; <i>flattery</i> is +insincere and ordinarily fulsome <i>praise</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abuse,</td><td>condemnation,</td><td>disapproval,</td><td>obloquy,</td><td>scorn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animadversion,</td><td>contempt,</td><td>disparagement,</td><td>reproach,</td><td>slander,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blame,</td><td>denunciation,</td><td>hissing,</td><td>reproof,</td><td>vilification,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>disapprobation,</td><td>ignominy,</td><td>repudiation,</td><td>vituperation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PRAY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ask,</td><td>bid,</td><td>entreat,</td><td>invoke,</td><td>request,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beg,</td><td>call upon,</td><td>implore,</td><td>petition,</td><td>supplicate.</td></tr> +<tr><td>beseech,</td><td>conjure,</td><td>importune,</td><td colspan="2">plead,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>pray</i>, in the religious sense, is devoutly to address the Supreme +Being with reverent petition for divine grace or any favor +or blessing, and in the fullest sense with thanksgiving and praise +for the divine goodness and mercy; the once common use of the +word to express any earnest <i>request</i>, as "I <i>pray</i> you to come in," +is now rare, unless in writings molded on older literature, or in +certain phrases, as "<i>Pray</i> sit down;" even in these "please" is +more common; "I <i>beg</i> you" is also frequently used, as expressing +a polite humility of <i>request</i>. <i>Beseech</i> and <i>entreat</i> express great +earnestness of <i>petition</i>; <i>implore</i> and <i>supplicate</i> denote the utmost<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span> +fervency and intensity, <i>supplicate</i> implying also humility. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ASK">ASK</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PLEAD">PLEAD</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PRECARIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>doubtful,</td><td>hazardous,</td><td>risky,</td><td>unsettled,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dubious,</td><td>insecure,</td><td>unassured,</td><td>unstable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>equivocal,</td><td>perilous,</td><td>uncertain,</td><td>unsteady.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Uncertain</i> is applied to things that human knowledge can not +certainly determine or that human power can not certainly control; +<i>precarious</i> originally meant dependent on the will of another, +and now, by extension of meaning, dependent on chance or hazard, +with manifest unfavorable possibility verging toward probability; +as, one holds office by a <i>precarious</i> tenure, or land by a <i>precarious</i> +title; the strong man's hold on life is <i>uncertain</i>, the invalid's +is <i>precarious</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actual,</td><td>firm,</td><td>infallible,</td><td>stable,</td><td>sure,</td><td>undoubted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assured,</td><td>immutable,</td><td>real,</td><td>steady,</td><td>undeniable,</td><td>unquestionable.</td></tr> +<tr><td>certain,</td><td>incontestable,</td><td>settled,</td><td colspan="3">strong,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PRECEDENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antecedent,</td><td>case,</td><td>instance,</td><td>pattern,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authority,</td><td>example,</td><td>obiter dictum,</td><td>warrant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>precedent</i> is an authoritative <i>case</i>, <i>example</i>, or <i>instance</i>. The +communism of the early Christians in Jerusalem is a wonderful +<i>example</i> or <i>instance</i> of Christian liberality, but not a <i>precedent</i> for +the universal church through all time. <i>Cases</i> decided by irregular +or unauthorized tribunals are not <i>precedents</i> for the regular administration +of law. An <i>obiter dictum</i> is an opinion outside of +the <i>case</i> in hand, which can not be quoted as an authoritative <i>precedent</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PREDESTINATION" id="PREDESTINATION"></a>PREDESTINATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fate,</td><td>foreknowledge,</td><td>foreordination,</td><td>necessity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Predestination</i> is a previous determination or decision, which, +in the divine action, reaches on from eternity. <i>Fate</i> is heathen, +an irresistible, irrational power determining all events with no +manifest connection with reason or righteousness; <i>necessity</i> is +philosophical, a blind something in the nature of things binding +the slightest action or motion in the chain of inevitable, eternal +sequence; <i>foreordination</i> and <i>predestination</i> are Christian, denoting +the rational and righteous order or decree of the supreme<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span> +and all-wise God. <i>Foreknowledge</i> is simply God's antecedent +knowledge of all events, which some hold to be entirely separable +from his <i>foreordination</i>, while others hold <i>foreordination</i> to be +inseparably involved in <i>foreknowledge</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accident,</td><td>choice,</td><td>freedom,</td><td>independence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chance,</td><td>free agency,</td><td>free will,</td><td>uncertainty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Predestination <i>of</i> believers <i>to</i> eternal life.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PREJUDICE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bias,</td><td>preconception,</td><td>presumption,</td></tr> +<tr><td>partiality,</td><td>prepossession,</td><td>unfairness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>presumption</i> (literally, a taking beforehand) is a partial +decision formed in advance of argument or evidence, usually +grounded on some general principle, and always held subject to +revision upon fuller information. A <i>prejudice</i> or <i>prepossession</i> is +grounded often on feeling, fancy, associations, etc. A <i>prejudice</i> +against foreigners is very common in retired communities. There +is always a <i>presumption</i> in favor of what exists, so that the burden +of proof is upon one who advocates a change. A <i>prepossession</i> +is always favorable, a <i>prejudice</i> always unfavorable, unless +the contrary is expressly stated. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INJURY">INJURY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>certainty,</td><td>conviction,</td><td>evidence,</td><td>reason,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conclusion,</td><td>demonstration,</td><td>proof,</td><td>reasoning.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p><i>Against</i>; rarely, <i>in favor of</i>, <i>in one's favor</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PRETENSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affectation,</td><td>disguise,</td><td>pretext,</td><td>simulation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>air,</td><td>dissimulation,</td><td>ruse,</td><td>subterfuge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assumption,</td><td>excuse,</td><td>seeming,</td><td>trick,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloak,</td><td>mask,</td><td>semblance,</td><td>wile.</td></tr> +<tr><td>color,</td><td>pretension,</td><td colspan="2">show,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>pretense</i>, in the unfavorable, which is also the usual sense, +is something advanced or displayed for the purpose of concealing +the reality. A person makes a <i>pretense</i> of something for the +credit or advantage to be gained by it; he makes what is allowed +or approved a <i>pretext</i> for doing what would be opposed or condemned; +a tricky schoolboy makes a <i>pretense</i> of doing an errand +which he does not do, or he makes the actual doing of an errand a +<i>pretext</i> for playing truant. A <i>ruse</i> is something (especially something<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> +slight or petty) employed to blind or deceive so as to mask +an ulterior design, and enable a person to gain some end that he +would not be allowed to approach directly. A <i>pretension</i> is a +claim that is or may be contested; the word is now commonly +used in an unfavorable sense. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARTIFICE">ARTIFICE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOCRISY">HYPOCRISY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actuality,</td><td>fact,</td><td>guilelessness,</td><td>ingenuousness,</td><td>reality,</td><td>sincerity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>candor,</td><td>frankness,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>openness,</td><td>simplicity,</td><td>truth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PREVENT" id="PREVENT"></a>PREVENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anticipate,</td><td>forestall,</td><td>obviate,</td><td>preclude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The original sense of <i>prevent</i>, to come before, act in advance of, +which is now practically obsolete, was still in good use when the +authorized version of the Bible was made, as appears in such passages +as, "When Peter was come into the house, Jesus <i>prevented</i> +him" (<i>i. e.</i>, addressed him first), <i>Matt.</i> xvii, 25; "Thou <i>preventest</i> +him with the blessings of goodness" (<i>i. e.</i>, by sending the blessings +before the desire is formulated or expressed), <i>Ps.</i> xxi, 3. <i>Anticipate</i> +is now the only single word usable in this sense; to <i>forestall</i> +is to take or act in advance in one's own behalf and to the prejudice +of another or others, as in the phrase "to <i>forestall</i> the market." +But to <i>anticipate</i> is very frequently used in the favorable +sense; as, his thoughtful kindness <i>anticipated</i> my wish (<i>i. e.</i>, met +the wish before it was expressed): or we say, "I was about to +accost him when he <i>anticipated</i> me" (by speaking first); or one +<i>anticipates</i> a payment (by making it before the time); in neither +of these cases could we use <i>forestall</i> or <i>prevent</i>. To <i>obviate</i> (literally, +to stop the way of or remove from the way), is to <i>prevent</i> +by interception, so that something that would naturally withstand +or disturb may be kept from doing so; to <i>preclude</i>, (literally, to +close or shut in advance) is to <i>prevent</i> by anticipation or by logical +necessity; walls and bars <i>precluded</i> the possibility of escape; a +supposition is <i>precluded</i>; a necessity or difficulty is <i>obviated</i>. <i>Prevent</i>, +which at first had only the anticipatory meaning, has come +to apply to the stopping of an action at any stage, the completion +or conclusion only being thought of as negatived by anticipation; +the enemy passed the outworks and were barely <i>prevented</i> from +capturing the fortress. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PROHIBIT">PROHIBIT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>He was prevented by illness <i>from</i> joining the expedition.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></p> + +<h3>PREVIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>antecedent,</td><td>foregoing,</td><td>front,</td><td>preceding,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anterior,</td><td>former,</td><td>introductory,</td><td>preliminary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>earlier,</td><td>forward,</td><td>precedent,</td><td>prior.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Antecedent</i> may denote simple priority in time, implying no +direct connection between that which goes before and that which +follows; as, the striking of one clock may be always <i>antecedent</i> +to the striking of another with no causal connection between them. +<i>Antecedent</i> and <i>previous</i> may refer to that which goes or happens at +any distance in advance, <i>preceding</i> is limited to that which is immediately +or next before; an <i>antecedent</i> event may have happened +at any time before; the <i>preceding</i> transaction is the one completed +just before the one with which it is compared; a <i>previous</i> +statement or chapter may be in any part of the book that has gone +before; the <i>preceding</i> statement or chapter comes next before +without an interval. <i>Previous</i> often signifies first by right; as, a +<i>previous</i> engagement. <i>Foregoing</i> is used only of that which is +spoken or written; as, the <i>foregoing</i> statements. <i>Anterior</i>, while +it can be used of time, is coming to be employed chiefly with reference +to place; as the <i>anterior</i> lobes of the brain. <i>Prior</i> bears +exclusive reference to time, and commonly where that which is +first in time is first also in right; as, a <i>prior</i> demand. <i>Former</i> is +used of time, or of position in written or printed matter, not of +space in general. We can say <i>former</i> times, a <i>former</i> chapter, +etc., but not the <i>former</i> part of a garden; we should say the <i>front</i> +part of the garden, the <i>forward</i> car of a train. <i>Former</i> has a close +relation, or sharp contrast, with something following; the <i>former</i> +always implies the latter, even when not fully expressed, as in +<i>Acts</i> i, 1, and <i>Eccles.</i> vii, 10.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>after,</td><td>consequent,</td><td>hind,</td><td>hindmost,</td><td>latter,</td><td>subsequent,</td></tr> +<tr><td>concluding,</td><td>following,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>later,</td><td>posterior,</td><td>succeeding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Such was the state of things previous <i>to</i> the revolution. [<i>Previous +to</i> is often used adverbially, in constructions where <i>previously +to</i> would be more strictly correct; as, these arrangements +were made <i>previous to</i> my departure.]</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PRICE" id="PRICE"></a>PRICE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>charge,</td><td>cost,</td><td>expenditure,</td><td>expense,</td><td>outlay,</td><td>value,</td><td>worth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>cost</i> of a thing is all that has been expended upon it,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span> +whether in discovery, production, refinement, decoration, transportation, +or otherwise, to bring it to its present condition in the hands +of its present possessor; the <i>price</i> of a thing is what the seller +asks for it. In regular business, as a rule, the seller's <i>price</i> on +his wares must be more than their <i>cost</i> to him; when goods are +sold, the <i>price</i> the buyer has paid becomes their <i>cost</i> to himself. +In exceptional cases, when goods are sold at <i>cost</i>, the seller's <i>price</i> +is made the same as the <i>cost</i> of the goods to him, the <i>cost</i> to the +seller and the <i>cost</i> to the buyer becoming then identical. <i>Price</i> +always implies that an article is for sale; what a man will not +sell he declines to put a <i>price</i> on; hence the significance of the +taunting proverb that "every man has his <i>price</i>." <i>Value</i> is the +estimated equivalent for an article, whether the article is for sale +or not; the market <i>value</i> is what it would bring if exposed for sale +in the open market; the intrinsic <i>value</i> is the inherent utility of +the article considered by itself alone; the market <i>value</i> of an old +and rare volume may be very great, while its intrinsic <i>value</i> may +be practically nothing. <i>Value</i> has always more reference to +others' estimation (literally, what the thing will avail with others) +than <i>worth</i>, which regards the thing in and by itself; thus, intrinsic +<i>value</i> is a weaker expression than intrinsic <i>worth</i>. <i>Charge</i> has +especial reference to services, <i>expense</i> to minor outlays; as, the +<i>charges</i> of a lawyer or physician; traveling <i>expenses</i>; household +<i>expenses</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PRIDE" id="PRIDE"></a>PRIDE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrogance,</td><td>ostentation,</td><td>self-exaltation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assumption,</td><td>presumption,</td><td>self-respect,</td></tr> +<tr><td>conceit,</td><td>reserve,</td><td>superciliousness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disdain,</td><td>self-complacency,</td><td>vainglory,</td></tr> +<tr><td>haughtiness,</td><td>self-conceit,</td><td>vanity.</td></tr> +<tr><td>insolence,</td><td colspan="2">self-esteem,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Haughtiness</i> thinks highly of itself and poorly of others. <i>Arrogance</i> +claims much for itself and concedes little to others. <i>Pride</i> +is an absorbing sense of one's own greatness; <i>haughtiness</i> feels +one's own superiority to others; <i>disdain</i> sees contemptuously the +inferiority of others to oneself. <i>Presumption</i> claims place or +privilege above one's right; <i>pride</i> deems nothing too high. <i>Insolence</i> +is open and rude expression of contempt and hostility, generally +from an inferior to a superior, as from a servant to a master +or mistress. In the presence of superiors overweening <i>pride</i> +manifests itself in <i>presumption</i> or <i>insolence</i>; in the presence of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span> +inferiors, or those supposed to be inferior, <i>pride</i> manifests itself +by <i>arrogance</i>, <i>disdain</i>, <i>haughtiness</i>, <i>superciliousness</i>, or in either +case often by cold <i>reserve</i>. (See <span class="smcl">RESERVE</span> under <span class="smcl"><a href="#MODESTY">MODESTY</a></span>.) <i>Pride</i> +is too self-satisfied to care for praise; <i>vanity</i> intensely craves admiration +and applause. <i>Superciliousness</i>, as if by the uplifted +eyebrow, as its etymology suggests (L. <i>supercilium</i>, eyebrow, from +<i>super</i>, over and <i>cilium</i>, eyelid), silently manifests mingled +<i>haughtiness</i> and <i>disdain</i>. <i>Assumption</i> quietly takes for granted +superiority and privilege which others would be slow to concede. +<i>Conceit</i> and <i>vanity</i> are associated with weakness, <i>pride</i> with +strength. <i>Conceit</i> may be founded upon nothing; <i>pride</i> is +founded upon something that one is, or has, or has done; <i>vanity</i>, +too, is commonly founded on something real, tho far slighter than +would afford foundation for <i>pride</i>. <i>Vanity</i> is eager for admiration +and praise, is elated if they are rendered, and pained if they +are withheld, and seeks them; <i>pride</i> could never solicit admiration +or praise. <i>Conceit</i> is somewhat stronger than <i>self-conceit</i>. +<i>Self-conceit</i> is ridiculous; <i>conceit</i> is offensive. <i>Self-respect</i> is a +thoroughly worthy feeling; <i>self-esteem</i> is a more generous estimate +of one's own character and abilities than the rest of the +world are ready to allow. <i>Vainglory</i> is more pompous and boastful +than <i>vanity</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EGOTISM">EGOTISM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OSTENTATION">OSTENTATION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>humility,</td><td>lowliness,</td><td>meekness,</td><td>modesty,</td><td>self-abasement,</td><td>self-distrust.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PRIMEVAL" id="PRIMEVAL"></a>PRIMEVAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aboriginal,</td><td>indigenous,</td><td>patriarchal,</td><td>primitive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ancient,</td><td>native,</td><td>primal,</td><td>primordial,</td></tr> +<tr><td>autochthonic,</td><td>old,</td><td>primary,</td><td>pristine,</td></tr> +<tr><td>immemorial,</td><td>original,</td><td>prime,</td><td>uncreated.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Aboriginal</i> (L. <i>ab</i>, from, <i>origo</i>, origin) signifies pertaining to +the <i>aborigines</i> or earliest known inhabitants of a country in the +widest sense, including not merely human beings but inferior animals +and plants as well. <i>Autochthonic</i> (Gr. <i>autos</i>, self, and <i>chthōn</i>, +earth) signifies sprung from the earth, especially from the soil of +one's native land. <i>Primeval</i> (L. <i>primum</i>, first, and <i>ævum</i>, age), +signifies strictly belonging to the first ages, earliest in time, but often +only the earliest of which man knows or conceives, <i>immemorial</i>. +<i>Aboriginal</i>, <i>autochthonic</i>, and <i>primeval</i> combine the meanings of +<i>ancient</i> and <i>original</i>; <i>aboriginal</i> inhabitants, <i>autochthonic</i> races,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span> +<i>primeval</i> forests. <i>Prime</i> and <i>primary</i> may signify either first in +time, or more frequently first in importance; <i>primary</i> has also the +sense of elementary or preparatory; we speak of a <i>prime</i> minister, +a <i>primary</i> school. <i>Primal</i> is chiefly poetic, in the sense of <i>prime</i>; +as, the <i>primal</i> curse. <i>Primordial</i> is first in an order of succession or +development; as, a <i>primordial</i> leaf. <i>Primitive</i> frequently signifies +having the original characteristics of that which it represents, +as well as standing first in time; as, the <i>primitive</i> church. <i>Primitive</i> +also very frequently signifies having the original or early +characteristics without remoteness in time. <i>Primeval</i> simplicity +is the simplicity of the earliest ages; <i>primitive</i> simplicity may be +found in retired villages now. <i>Pristine</i> is an elegant word, used +almost exclusively in a good sense of that which is <i>original</i> and +perhaps <i>ancient</i>; as, <i>pristine</i> purity, innocence, vigor. That +which is both an <i>original</i> and natural product of a soil or country +is said to be <i>indigenous</i>; that which is actually produced there is +said to be <i>native</i>, though it may be of foreign extraction; humming-birds +are <i>indigenous</i> to America; canaries may be <i>native</i>, +but are not <i>indigenous</i>. <i>Immemorial</i> refers solely to time, independently +of quality, denoting, in legal phrase, "that whereof the +memory of man runneth not to the contrary;" as, an <i>immemorial</i> +custom; an <i>immemorial</i> abuse. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#OLD">OLD</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adventitious,</td><td>foreign,</td><td>late,</td><td>new,</td><td rowspan="2">recent.</td></tr> +<tr><td>exotic,</td><td>fresh,</td><td>modern,</td><td>novel,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#NEW">NEW</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PROFIT" id="PROFIT"></a>PROFIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advantage,</td><td>expediency,</td><td>proceeds,</td><td>service,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avail,</td><td>gain,</td><td>receipts,</td><td>usefulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benefit,</td><td>good,</td><td>return,</td><td>utility,</td></tr> +<tr><td>emolument,</td><td>improvement,</td><td>returns,</td><td>value.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>returns</i> or <i>receipts</i> include all that is received from an outlay +or investment; the <i>profit</i> is the excess (if any) of the <i>receipts</i> +over the outlay; hence, in government, morals, etc., the <i>profit</i> is +what is really good, helpful, useful, valuable. <i>Utility</i> is chiefly +used in the sense of some immediate or personal and generally +some material <i>good</i>. <i>Advantage</i> is that which gives one a vantage-ground, +either for coping with competitors or with difficulties, +needs, or demands; as to have the <i>advantage</i> of a +good education; it is frequently used of what one has beyond<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span> +another or secures at the expense of another; as, to have the <i>advantage</i> +of another in an argument, or to take <i>advantage</i> of another +in a bargain. <i>Gain</i> is what one secures beyond what he previously +possessed. <i>Benefit</i> is anything that does one good. <i>Emolument</i> +is <i>profit</i>, <i>return</i>, or <i>value</i> accruing through official position. +<i>Expediency</i> has respect to <i>profit</i> or <i>advantage</i>, real or supposed, +considered apart from or perhaps in opposition to right, in actions +having a moral character. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#UTILITY">UTILITY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>damage,</td><td>detriment,</td><td>harm,</td><td>injury,</td><td>ruin,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destruction,</td><td>disadvantage,</td><td>hurt,</td><td>loss,</td><td>waste.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The profit <i>of</i> labor; <i>on</i> capital; <i>in</i> business.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROGRESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>development,</td><td>improvement,</td><td>proficiency,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advancement,</td><td>growth,</td><td>increase,</td><td>progression.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">attainment,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Progress</i> (L. <i>pro</i>, forward, <i>gradior</i>, go) is a moving onward or +forward, whether in space or in the mental or moral realm, and +may be either mechanical, individual, or social. <i>Attainment</i>, <i>development</i>, +and <i>proficiency</i> are more absolute than the other words +of the group, denoting some point of advantage or of comparative +perfection reached by forward or onward movement; we speak +of <i>attainments</i> in virtue or scholarship, <i>proficiency</i> in music or +languages, the <i>development</i> of new powers or organs; <i>proficiency</i> +includes the idea of skill. <i>Advance</i> may denote either a forward +movement or the point gained by forward movement, but always +relatively with reference to the point from which the movement +started; as, this is a great <i>advance</i>. <i>Advance</i> admits the possibility +of retreat; <i>progress</i> (L. <i>progredi</i>, to walk forward) is steady +and constant forward movement, admitting of pause, but not of +retreat; <i>advance</i> suggests more clearly a point to be reached, +while <i>progress</i> lays the emphasis upon the forward movement; +we may speak of slow or rapid <i>progress</i>, but more naturally of +swift <i>advance</i>. <i>Progress</i> is more frequently used of abstractions; +as, the <i>progress</i> of ideas; <i>progression</i> fixes the attention chiefly +upon the act of moving forward. In a thing good in itself all <i>advance</i> +or <i>progress</i> is <i>improvement</i>; there is a growing tendency to +restrict the words to this favorable sense, using <i>increase</i> indifferently +of good or evil; one may say without limitation, "I am an +advocate of <i>progress</i>."<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>delay,</td><td>falling off,</td><td>retrogression,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>decline,</td><td>falling back,</td><td>relapse,</td><td>stay,</td><td>stoppage.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The progress <i>of</i> truth; progress <i>in</i> virtue; <i>toward</i> perfection; +<i>from</i> a lower <i>to</i> a higher state.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PROHIBIT" id="PROHIBIT"></a>PROHIBIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>debar,</td><td>forbid,</td><td>inhibit,</td><td>preclude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disallow,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>interdict,</td><td>prevent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>prohibit</i> is to give some formal command against, and especially +to make some authoritative legal enactment against. <i>Debar</i> +is said of persons, <i>disallow</i> of acts; one is <i>debarred</i> from anything +when shut off, as by some irresistible authority or necessity; one +is <i>prohibited</i> from an act in express terms; he may be <i>debarred</i> +by silent necessity. An act is <i>disallowed</i> by the authority that +might have allowed it; the word is especially applied to acts which +are done before they are pronounced upon; thus, a government +may <i>disallow</i> the act of its commander in the field or its admiral +on the high seas. <i>Inhibit</i> and <i>interdict</i> are chiefly known by +their ecclesiastical use. As between <i>forbid</i> and <i>prohibit</i>, <i>forbid</i> +is less formal and more personal, <i>prohibit</i> more official and judicial, +with the implication of readiness to use such force as may be +needed to give effect to the enactment; a parent <i>forbids</i> a child to +take part in some game or to associate with certain companions; +the slave-trade is now <i>prohibited</i> by the leading nations of the +world. Many things are <i>prohibited</i> by law which can not be +wholly <i>prevented</i>, as gambling and prostitution; on the other +hand, things may be <i>prevented</i> which are not <i>prohibited</i>, as the +services of religion, the payment of debts, or military conquest. +That which is <i>precluded</i> need not be <i>prohibited</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PREVENT">PREVENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>allow,</td><td>empower,</td><td>let,</td><td>require,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authorize,</td><td>enjoin,</td><td>license,</td><td>sanction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>give consent,</td><td>order,</td><td>suffer,</td></tr> +<tr><td>consent to,</td><td>give leave,</td><td>permit,</td><td>tolerate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>direct,</td><td>give permission,</td><td>put up with,</td><td>warrant.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>An act is prohibited <i>by</i> law; a person is prohibited <i>by</i> law <i>from</i> +doing a certain act. <i>Prohibit</i> was formerly construed, as <i>forbid</i> +still is, with the infinitive, but the construction with <i>from</i> and the +verbal noun has now entirely superseded the older usage.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PROMOTE" id="PROMOTE"></a>PROMOTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>forward,</td><td>prefer,</td><td>raise,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>exalt,</td><td>foster,</td><td>push,</td><td>urge forward,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assist,</td><td>excite,</td><td>further,</td><td>push on,</td><td>urge on.</td></tr> +<tr><td>elevate,</td><td>foment,</td><td colspan="3">help,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>promote</i> (L. <i>pro</i>, forward, and <i>moveo</i>, move) is to cause to +move forward toward some desired end or to raise to some higher +position, rank, or dignity. We <i>promote</i> a person by <i>advancing</i>, +<i>elevating</i>, or <i>exalting</i> him to a higher position or dignity. A person +<i>promotes</i> a scheme or an enterprise which others have projected +or begun, and which he <i>encourages</i>, <i>forwards</i>, <i>furthers</i>, <i>pushes</i>, +or <i>urges on</i>, especially when he acts as the agent of the prime movers +and supporters of the enterprise. One who <i>excites</i> a quarrel +originates it; to <i>promote</i> a quarrel is strictly to <i>foment</i> and <i>urge</i> +it <i>on</i>, the one who <i>promotes</i> keeping himself in the background. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABET">ABET</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#QUICKEN">QUICKEN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABASE">ABASE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLAY">ALLAY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROPITIATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>atonement,</td><td>expiation,</td><td>reconciliation,</td><td>satisfaction.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Atonement</i> (at-one-ment), originally denoting <i>reconciliation</i>, or +the bringing into agreement of those who have been estranged, is +now chiefly used, as in theology, in the sense of some offering, sacrifice, +or suffering sufficient to win forgiveness or make up for an +offense; especially and distinctively of the sacrificial work of +Christ in his humiliation, suffering and death. <i>Expiation</i> is the +enduring of the full penalty of a wrong or crime. <i>Propitiation</i> is +an offering, action, or sacrifice that makes the governing power +propitious toward the offender. <i>Satisfaction</i> in this connection +denotes the rendering a full legal equivalent for the wrong done. +<i>Propitiation</i> appeases the lawgiver; <i>satisfaction</i> meets the requirements +of the law.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alienation,</td><td>curse,</td><td>penalty,</td><td>reprobation,</td><td>vengeance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chastisement,</td><td>estrangement,</td><td>punishment,</td><td>retribution,</td><td>wrath.</td></tr> +<tr><td>condemnation,</td><td colspan="4">offense,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROPITIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>auspicious,</td><td>benignant,</td><td>favorable,</td><td>gracious,</td><td>kindly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benign,</td><td>clement,</td><td>friendly,</td><td>kind,</td><td>merciful.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That which is <i>auspicious</i> is of <i>favorable</i> omen; that which is +<i>propitious</i> is of favoring influence or tendency; as, an <i>auspicious</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> +morning; a <i>propitious</i> breeze. <i>Propitious</i> applies to persons, implying +<i>kind</i> disposition and <i>favorable</i> inclinations, especially toward +the suppliant; <i>auspicious</i> is not used of persons.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adverse,</td><td>forbidding,</td><td>ill-disposed,</td><td>repellent,</td><td>unfriendly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>antagonistic,</td><td>hostile,</td><td>inauspicious,</td><td>unfavorable,</td><td>unpropitious.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>May heaven be propitious <i>to</i> the enterprise.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROPOSAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bid,</td><td>offer,</td><td>overture,</td><td>proposition.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>An <i>offer</i> or <i>proposal</i> puts something before one for acceptance +or rejection, <i>proposal</i> being the more formal word; a <i>proposition</i> +sets forth truth (or what is claimed to be truth) in formal statement. +The <i>proposition</i> is for consideration, the <i>proposal</i> for action; +as, a <i>proposition</i> in geometry, a <i>proposal</i> of marriage; but +<i>proposition</i> is often used nearly in the sense of <i>proposal</i> when it +concerns a matter for deliberation; as, a <i>proposition</i> for the surrender +of a fort. A <i>bid</i> is commercial and often verbal; as, a +<i>bid</i> at an auction; <i>proposal</i> is used in nearly the same sense, but +is more formal. An <i>overture</i> opens negotiation or conference, +and the word is especially used of some movement toward reconciliation; +as, <i>overtures</i> of peace.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acceptance,</td><td>denial,</td><td>disapproval,</td><td>refusal,</td><td>rejection,</td><td>repulse.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROPOSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>purpose.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In its most frequent use, <i>propose</i> differs from <i>purpose</i> in that +what we <i>purpose</i> lies in our own mind, as a decisive act of will, a +determination; what we <i>propose</i> is offered or stated to others. In +this use of the word, what we <i>propose</i> is open to deliberation, as +what we <i>purpose</i> is not. In another use of the word, one <i>proposes</i> +something to or by himself which may or may not be stated to +others. In this latter sense <i>propose</i> is nearly identical with <i>purpose</i>, +and the two words have often been used interchangeably. +But in the majority of cases what we <i>purpose</i> is more general, +what we <i>propose</i> more formal and definite; I <i>purpose</i> to do right; +I <i>propose</i> to do this specific thing because it is right. In the historic +sentence, "I <i>propose</i> to move immediately on your works," +<i>purpose</i> would not have the same sharp directness.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p> + +<h3>PROTRACT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>continue,</td><td>delay,</td><td>elongate,</td><td>lengthen,</td><td>procrastinate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defer,</td><td>draw out,</td><td>extend,</td><td>postpone,</td><td>prolong.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>protract</i> is to cause to occupy a longer time than is usual, +expected, or desirable. We <i>defer</i> a negotiation which we are slow +to enter upon; we <i>protract</i> a negotiation which we are slow to +conclude; <i>delay</i> may be used of any stage in the proceedings; we +may <i>delay</i> a person as well as an action, but <i>defer</i> and <i>protract</i> +are not used of persons. <i>Elongate</i> is not used of actions or abstractions, +but only of material objects or extension in space; <i>protract</i> +is very rarely used of concrete objects or extension in space; +we <i>elongate</i> a line, <i>protract</i> a discussion. <i>Protract</i> has usually +an unfavorable sense, implying that the matter referred to is already +unduly long, or would be so if longer <i>continued</i>; <i>continue</i> +is neutral, applying equally to the desirable or the undesirable. +<i>Postpone</i> implies a definite intention to resume, as <i>defer</i> also does, +though less decidedly; both are often used with some definite +limitation of time; as, to <i>postpone</i> till, until, or to a certain day +or hour. One may <i>defer</i>, <i>delay</i>, or <i>postpone</i> a matter intelligently +and for good reason; he <i>procrastinates</i> through indolence and +irresolution. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HINDER">HINDER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abbreviate,</td><td>conclude,</td><td>curtail,</td><td>hurry,</td><td>reduce,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abridge,</td><td>contract,</td><td>hasten,</td><td>limit,</td><td>shorten.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To protract a speech <i>by</i> verbosity, <i>through</i> an unreasonable +time, <i>to</i>, <i>till</i>, or <i>until</i> a late hour.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PROVERB" id="PROVERB"></a>PROVERB.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adage,</td><td>axiom,</td><td>maxim,</td><td>saw,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aphorism,</td><td>byword,</td><td>motto,</td><td>saying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apothegm,</td><td>dictum,</td><td>precept,</td><td>truism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>proverb</i> or <i>adage</i> gives homely truth in condensed, practical +form, the <i>adage</i> often pictorial. "Hope deferred maketh +the heart sick" is a <i>proverb</i>; "The cat loves fish, but dares not +wet her feet," is an <i>adage</i>. Both the <i>proverb</i> and the <i>adage</i>, but +especially the latter, are thought of as ancient and widely +known. An <i>aphorism</i> partakes of the character of a definition; +it is a summary statement of what the author sees and believes to +be true. An <i>apothegm</i> is a terse statement of what is plain or +easily proved. The <i>aphorism</i> is philosophical, the <i>apothegm</i> practical.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span> +A <i>dictum</i> is a statement of some person or school, on whom +it depends for authority; as, a <i>dictum</i> of Aristotle. A <i>saying</i> is +impersonal, current among the common people, deriving its authority +from its manifest truth or good sense; as, it is an old +<i>saying</i>, "the more haste, the worse speed." A <i>saw</i> is a <i>saying</i> +that is old, but somewhat worn and tiresome. <i>Precept</i> is a command +to duty; <i>motto</i> or <i>maxim</i> is a brief statement of cherished +truth, the <i>maxim</i> being more uniformly and directly practical; +"God is love" may be a <i>motto</i>, "Fear God and fear naught," a +<i>maxim</i>. The <i>precepts</i> of the Sermon on the Mount will furnish +the Christian with invaluable <i>maxims</i> or <i>mottoes</i>. A <i>byword</i> is a +phrase or <i>saying</i> used reproachfully or contemptuously.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PROWESS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bravery,</td><td>gallantry,</td><td>intrepidity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>courage,</td><td>heroism,</td><td>valor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Bravery</i>, <i>courage</i>, <i>heroism</i>, and <i>intrepidity</i> may be silent, +spiritual, or passive; they may be exhibited by a martyr at the +stake. <i>Prowess</i> and <i>valor</i> imply both daring and doing; we do +not speak of the <i>prowess</i> of a martyr, a child, or a passive sufferer. +<i>Valor</i> meets odds or perils with courageous action, doing +its utmost to conquer at any risk or cost; <i>prowess</i> has power +adapted to the need; dauntless <i>valor</i> is often vain against superior +<i>prowess</i>. <i>Courage</i> is a nobler word than <i>bravery</i>, involving more +of the deep, spiritual, and enduring elements of character; such +an appreciation of peril as would extinguish <i>bravery</i> may only +intensify <i>courage</i>, which is resistant and self-conquering; <i>courage</i> +applies to matters in regard to which <i>valor</i> and <i>prowess</i> can have +no place, as submission to a surgical operation, or the facing of +censure or detraction for conscience' sake. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BRAVE">BRAVE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#FORTITUDE">FORTITUDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cowardice,</td><td>cowardliness,</td><td>effeminacy,</td><td>fear,</td><td>pusillanimity,</td><td>timidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="PRUDENCE" id="PRUDENCE"></a>PRUDENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>care,</td><td>discretion,</td><td>judgment,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carefulness,</td><td>forecast,</td><td>judiciousness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>caution,</td><td>foresight,</td><td>providence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circumspection,</td><td>forethought,</td><td>wisdom.</td></tr> +<tr><td>consideration,</td><td colspan="2">frugality,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Prudence</i> may be briefly defined as good <i>judgment</i> and <i>foresight</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> +inclining to <i>caution</i> and <i>frugality</i> in practical affairs. <i>Care</i> +may respect only the present; <i>prudence</i> and <i>providence</i> look far +ahead and sacrifice the present to the future, <i>prudence</i> watching, +saving, guarding, <i>providence</i> planning, doing, preparing, and perhaps +expending largely to meet the future demand. <i>Frugality</i> is +in many cases one form of <i>prudence</i>. In a besieged city <i>prudence</i> +will reduce the rations, <i>providence</i> will strain every nerve to introduce +supplies and to raise the siege. <i>Foresight</i> merely sees the +future, and may even lead to the recklessness and desperation to +which <i>prudence</i> and <i>providence</i> are so strongly opposed. <i>Forethought</i> +is thinking in accordance with wise views of the future, +and is nearly equivalent to <i>providence</i>, but it is a more popular +and less comprehensive term; we speak of man's <i>forethought</i>, +God's <i>providence</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CARE">CARE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FRUGALITY">FRUGALITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#WISDOM">WISDOM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>folly,</td><td>improvidence,</td><td>indiscretion,</td><td>rashness,</td><td>thoughtlessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>heedlessness,</td><td>imprudence,</td><td>prodigality,</td><td>recklessness,</td><td>wastefulness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PURCHASE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acquire,</td><td>barter for,</td><td>get,</td><td rowspan="2">procure,</td><td rowspan="2">secure.</td></tr> +<tr><td>bargain for,</td><td>buy,</td><td>obtain,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Buy</i> and <i>purchase</i> are close synonyms, signifying to <i>obtain</i> or +<i>secure</i> as one's own by paying or promising to pay a price; in numerous +cases the two words are freely interchangeable, but with the difference +usually found between words of Saxon and those of French +or Latin origin. The Saxon <i>buy</i> is used for all the homely and +petty concerns of common life, the French <i>purchase</i> is often restricted +to transactions of more dignity; yet the Saxon word <i>buy</i> +is commonly more emphatic, and in the higher ranges of thought +appeals more strongly to the feelings. One may either <i>buy</i> or +<i>purchase</i> fame, favor, honor, pleasure, etc., but when our feelings +are stirred we speak of victory or freedom as dearly <i>bought</i>. "<i>Buy</i> +the truth, and sell it not" (<i>Prov.</i> xxiii, 23) would be greatly weakened +by the rendering "<i>Purchase</i> the truth, and do not dispose of +it." Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#GET">GET</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRICE">PRICE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SALE">SALE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barter,</td><td>dispose of,</td><td>exchange,</td><td>put to sale,</td><td>sell.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Purchase <i>at</i> a price; <i>at</i> a public sale; <i>of</i> or <i>from</i> a person; <i>for</i> +cash; <i>with</i> money; <i>on</i> time.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="PURE" id="PURE"></a>PURE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolute,</td><td>guiltless,</td><td>simple,</td><td>unmixed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chaste,</td><td>holy,</td><td>spotless,</td><td>unpolluted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>classic,</td><td>immaculate,</td><td>stainless,</td><td>unspotted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>classical,</td><td>incorrupt,</td><td>true,</td><td>unstained,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clean,</td><td>innocent,</td><td>unadulterated,</td><td>unsullied,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear,</td><td>mere,</td><td>unblemished,</td><td>untainted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>continent,</td><td>perfect,</td><td>uncorrupted,</td><td>untarnished,</td></tr> +<tr><td>genuine,</td><td>real,</td><td>undefiled,</td><td>upright,</td></tr> +<tr><td>guileless,</td><td>sheer,</td><td>unmingled,</td><td>virtuous.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>pure</i> which is free from mixture or contact with anything +that weakens, impairs, or pollutes. Material substances are +called <i>pure</i> in the strict sense when free from foreign admixture +of any kind; as, <i>pure</i> oxygen; the word is often used to signify +free from any defiling or objectionable admixture (the original +sense); we speak of water as <i>pure</i> when it is bright, clear, and refreshing, +tho it may contain mineral salts in solution; in the medical +and chemical sense, only distilled water (<i>aqua pura</i>) is <i>pure</i>. +In moral and religious use <i>pure</i> is a strong word, denoting positive +excellence of a high order; one is <i>innocent</i> who knows nothing of +evil, and has experienced no touch of temptation; one is <i>pure</i> +who, with knowledge of evil and exposure to temptation, keeps +heart and soul <i>unstained</i>. <i>Virtuous</i> refers primarily to right action; +<i>pure</i> to right feeling and motives; as, "Blessed are the <i>pure</i> +in heart: for they shall see God," <i>Matt.</i> v, 8. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FINE">FINE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#INNOCENT">INNOCENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adulterated,</td><td>foul,</td><td>indecent,</td><td>obscene,</td><td>tainted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defiled,</td><td>gross,</td><td>indelicate,</td><td>polluted,</td><td>tarnished,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dirty,</td><td>immodest,</td><td>lewd,</td><td>stained,</td><td>unchaste,</td></tr> +<tr><td>filthy,</td><td>impure,</td><td>mixed,</td><td>sullied,</td><td>unclean.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PUT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deposit,</td><td>lay,</td><td>place,</td><td>set.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Put</i> is the most general term for bringing an object to some +point or within some space, however exactly or loosely; we may +<i>put</i> a horse in a pasture, or <i>put</i> a bullet in a rifle or into an enemy. +<i>Place</i> denotes more careful movement and more exact location; +as, to <i>place</i> a crown on one's head, or a garrison in a city. To +<i>lay</i> is to <i>place</i> in a horizontal position; to <i>set</i> is to <i>place</i> in an upright +position; we <i>lay</i> a cloth, and <i>set</i> a dish upon a table. To +<i>deposit</i> is to <i>put</i> in a place of security for future use; as, to <i>deposit</i> +money in a bank; the original sense, to <i>lay</i> down or let down +(quietly), is also common; as, the stream <i>deposits</i> sediment.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="QUEER" id="QUEER"></a>QUEER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anomalous,</td><td>erratic,</td><td>odd,</td><td>strange,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bizarre,</td><td>extraordinary,</td><td>peculiar,</td><td>uncommon,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comical,</td><td>fantastic,</td><td>preposterous,</td><td>unique,</td></tr> +<tr><td>crotchety,</td><td>funny,</td><td>quaint,</td><td>unmatched,</td></tr> +<tr><td>curious,</td><td>grotesque,</td><td>ridiculous,</td><td>unusual,</td></tr> +<tr><td>droll,</td><td>laughable,</td><td>singular,</td><td>whimsical.</td></tr> +<tr><td>eccentric,</td><td colspan="3">ludicrous,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Odd</i> is unmated, as an <i>odd</i> shoe, and so uneven, as an <i>odd</i> +number. <i>Singular</i> is alone of its kind; as, the <i>singular</i> number. +What is <i>singular</i> is <i>odd</i>, but what is <i>odd</i> may not be <i>singular</i>; as, +a drawerful of <i>odd</i> gloves. A <i>strange</i> thing is something hitherto +unknown in fact or in cause. A <i>singular</i> coincidence is one the +happening of which is unusual; a <i>strange</i> coincidence is one the +cause of which is hard to explain. That which is <i>peculiar</i> belongs +especially to a person as his own; as, Israel was called Jehovah's +"<i>peculiar</i> people," <i>i. e.</i>, especially chosen and cherished by him; +in its ordinary use there is the implication that the thing <i>peculiar</i> +to one is not common to the majority nor quite approved by them, +though it may be shared by many; as, the Shakers are <i>peculiar</i>. +<i>Eccentric</i> is off or aside from the center, and so off or aside from +the ordinary and what is considered the normal course; as, genius +is commonly <i>eccentric</i>. <i>Eccentric</i> is a higher and more respectful +word than <i>odd</i> or <i>queer</i>. <i>Erratic</i> signifies wandering, a stronger +and more censorious term than <i>eccentric</i>. <i>Queer</i> is transverse or +oblique, aside from the common in a way that is <i>comical</i> or perhaps +slightly <i>ridiculous</i>. <i>Quaint</i> denotes that which is pleasingly <i>odd</i> +and fanciful, often with something of the antique; as, the <i>quaint</i> +architecture of medieval towns. That which is <i>funny</i> is calculated +to provoke laughter; that which is <i>droll</i> is more quietly +amusing. That which is <i>grotesque</i> in the material sense is irregular +or misshapen in form or outline or ill-proportioned so as to be +somewhat <i>ridiculous</i>; the French <i>bizarre</i> is practically equivalent +to <i>grotesque</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>familiar,</td><td>normal,</td><td>regular,</td></tr> +<tr><td>customary,</td><td>natural,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>usual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="QUICKEN" id="QUICKEN"></a>QUICKEN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accelerate,</td><td>drive on,</td><td>hasten,</td><td>promote,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advance,</td><td>expedite,</td><td>hurry,</td><td>speed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>despatch,</td><td>facilitate,</td><td>make haste,</td><td>urge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drive,</td><td>further,</td><td>press forward,</td><td>urge on.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>quicken</i>, in the sense here considered, is to increase speed,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> +move or cause to move more rapidly, as through more space or with, +a greater number of motions in the same time. To <i>accelerate</i> is to +increase the speed of action or of motion. A motion whose speed +increases upon itself is said to be <i>accelerated</i>, as the motion of a +falling body, which becomes swifter with every second of time. +To <i>accelerate</i> any work is to <i>hasten</i> it toward a finish, commonly +by <i>quickening</i> all its operations in orderly unity toward the result. +To <i>despatch</i> is to do and be done with, to get a thing off one's +hands. To <i>despatch</i> an enemy is to kill him outright and quickly; +to <i>despatch</i> a messenger is to send him in haste; to <i>despatch</i> a business +is to bring it quickly to an end. <i>Despatch</i> is commonly used +of single items. To <i>promote</i> a cause is in any way to bring it forward, +<i>advance</i> it in power, prominence, etc. To <i>speed</i> is really to +secure swiftness; to <i>hasten</i> is to attempt it, whether successfully or +unsuccessfully. <i>Hurry</i> always indicates something of confusion. +The <i>hurried</i> man forgets dignity, appearance, comfort, courtesy, +everything but speed; he may forget something vital to the matter +in hand; yet, because reckless haste may attain the great object +of speed, <i>hurry</i> has come to be the colloquial and popular +word for acting quickly. To <i>facilitate</i> is to <i>quicken</i> by making +easy; to <i>expedite</i> is to <i>quicken</i> by removing hindrances. A good +general will improve roads to <i>facilitate</i> the movements of troops, +<i>hasten</i> supplies and perfect discipline to <i>promote</i> the general efficiency +of the force, <i>despatch</i> details of business, <i>expedite</i> all preparations, +in order to <i>accelerate</i> the advance and victory of his +army.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>clog,</td><td>delay,</td><td>drag,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>impede,</td><td>obstruct,</td><td>retard.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>QUOTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cite,</td><td>extract,</td><td>plagiarize,</td><td>repeat.</td></tr> +<tr><td>excerpt,</td><td>paraphrase,</td><td colspan="2">recite,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>quote</i> is to give an author's words, either exactly, as in direct +quotation, or in substance, as in indirect quotation; to <i>cite</i> is, etymologically, +to call up a passage, as a witness is summoned. In +<i>citing</i> a passage its exact location by chapter, page, or otherwise, +must be given, so that it can be promptly called into evidence; in +<i>quoting</i>, the location may or may not be given, but the words or +substance of the passage must be given. In <i>citing</i>, neither the +author's words nor his thought may be given, but simply the reference +to the location where they may be found. To <i>quote</i>, in the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span> +proper sense, is to give credit to the author whose words are employed. +To <i>paraphrase</i> is to state an author's thought more freely +than in indirect quotation, keeping the substance of thought and +the order of statement, but changing the language, and commonly +interweaving more or less explanatory matter as if part of the original +writing. One may <i>paraphrase</i> a work with worthy motive for +homiletic, devotional, or other purposes (as in the metrical versions +of the Psalms), or he may <i>plagiarize</i> atrociously in the form of +<i>paraphrase</i>, appropriating all that is valuable in another's thought, +with the hope of escaping detection by change of phrase. To +<i>plagiarize</i> is to <i>quote</i> without credit, appropriating another's +words or thought as one's own. To <i>recite</i> or <i>repeat</i> is usually to +<i>quote</i> orally, tho <i>recite</i> is applied in legal phrase to a particular +statement of facts which is not a quotation; a kindred use obtains +in ordinary speech; as, to <i>recite</i> one's misfortunes.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="RACY" id="RACY"></a>RACY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>flavorous,</td><td>lively,</td><td>pungent,</td><td>spicy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>forcible,</td><td>piquant,</td><td>rich,</td><td>spirited.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Racy</i> applies in the first instance to the pleasing flavor characteristic +of certain wines, often attributed to the soil from which +they come. <i>Pungent</i> denotes something sharply irritating to the +organs of taste or smell, as pepper, vinegar, ammonia; <i>piquant</i> +denotes a quality similar in kind to <i>pungent</i> but less in degree, +stimulating and agreeable; <i>pungent</i> spices may be deftly compounded +into a <i>piquant</i> sauce. As applied to literary products, +<i>racy</i> refers to that which has a striking, vigorous, pleasing originality; +<i>spicy</i> to that which is stimulating to the mental taste, as +spice is to the physical; <i>piquant</i> and <i>pungent</i> in their figurative +use keep very close to their literal sense.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cold,</td><td>flat,</td><td>insipid,</td><td>stale,</td><td>tasteless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>flavorless,</td><td>prosy,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>vapid.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="RADICAL" id="RADICAL"></a>RADICAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>complete,</td><td>ingrained,</td><td>perfect,</td></tr> +<tr><td>constitutional,</td><td>innate,</td><td>positive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>entire,</td><td>native,</td><td>primitive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>essential,</td><td>natural,</td><td>thorough,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extreme,</td><td>organic,</td><td>thoroughgoing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fundamental,</td><td>original,</td><td>total.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The widely divergent senses in which the word <i>radical</i> is used,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> +by which it can be at some time interchanged with any word in +the above list, are all formed upon the one primary sense of having +to do with or proceeding from the root (L. <i>radix</i>); a <i>radical</i> +difference is one that springs from the root, and is thus <i>constitutional</i>, +<i>essential</i>, <i>fundamental</i>, <i>organic</i>, <i>original</i>; a <i>radical</i> change +is one that does not stop at the surface, but reaches down to the +very root, and is <i>entire</i>, <i>thorough</i>, <i>total</i>; since the majority find +superficial treatment of any matter the easiest and most comfortable, +<i>radical</i> measures, which strike at the root of evil or need, +are apt to be looked upon as <i>extreme</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conservative,</td><td>incomplete,</td><td>palliative,</td><td>slight,</td><td>tentative,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inadequate,</td><td>moderate,</td><td>partial,</td><td>superficial,</td><td>trial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RARE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>curious,</td><td>odd,</td><td>scarce,</td><td>unique,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extraordinary,</td><td>peculiar,</td><td>singular,</td><td>unparalleled,</td></tr> +<tr><td>incomparable,</td><td>precious,</td><td>strange,</td><td>unprecedented,</td></tr> +<tr><td>infrequent,</td><td>remarkable,</td><td>uncommon,</td><td>unusual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Unique</i> is alone of its kind; <i>rare</i> is <i>infrequent</i> of its kind; +great poems are <i>rare</i>; "Paradise Lost" is <i>unique</i>. To say of a +thing that it is <i>rare</i> is simply to affirm that it is now seldom +found, whether previously common or not; as, a <i>rare</i> old book; +a <i>rare</i> word; to call a thing <i>scarce</i> implies that it was at some +time more plenty, as when we say food or money is <i>scarce</i>. A +particular fruit or coin may be <i>rare</i>; <i>scarce</i> applies to demand +and use, and almost always to concrete things; to speak of virtue, +genius, or heroism as <i>scarce</i> would be somewhat ludicrous. <i>Rare</i> +has the added sense of <i>precious</i>, which is sometimes, but not +necessarily, blended with that above given; as, a <i>rare</i> gem. <i>Extraordinary</i>, +signifying greatly beyond the ordinary, is a neutral +word, capable of a high and good sense or of an invidious, opprobrious, +or contemptuous signification; as, <i>extraordinary</i> genius; +<i>extraordinary</i> wickedness; an <i>extraordinary</i> assumption of +power; <i>extraordinary</i> antics; an <i>extraordinary</i> statement is +incredible without overwhelming proof.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#GENERAL">GENERAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#NORMAL">NORMAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#USUAL">USUAL</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REACH" id="REACH"></a>REACH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arrive,</td><td>attain,</td><td>come to,</td><td>enter,</td><td>gain,</td><td>get to,</td><td>land.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>reach</i>, in the sense here considered, is to <i>come to</i> by motion<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span> +or progress. <i>Attain</i> is now oftenest used of abstract relations; as, +to <i>attain</i> success. When applied to concrete matters, it commonly +signifies the overcoming of hindrance and difficulty; as, the storm-beaten +ship at length <i>attained</i> the harbor. <i>Come</i> is the general +word for moving to or toward the place where the speaker or +writer is or supposes himself to be. To <i>reach</i> is to <i>come to</i> from a +distance that is actually or relatively considerable; to stretch the +journey, so to speak, across the distance, as, in its original meaning, +one <i>reaches</i> an object by stretching out the hand. To <i>gain</i> is +to <i>reach</i> or <i>attain</i> something eagerly sought; the wearied swimmer +<i>reaches</i> or <i>gains</i> the shore. One <i>comes</i> in from his garden; +he <i>reaches</i> home from a journey. To <i>arrive</i> is to <i>come to</i> a destination, +to <i>reach</i> a point intended or proposed. The European +steamer <i>arrives</i> in port, or <i>reaches</i> the harbor; the dismantled +wreck drifts ashore, or <i>comes to</i> land. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTAIN">ATTAIN</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>depart,</td><td>embark,</td><td>go,</td><td>go away,</td><td>leave,</td><td>set out,</td><td>set sail,</td><td>start,</td><td>weigh anchor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>actual,</td><td>demonstrable,</td><td>genuine,</td><td>true,</td></tr> +<tr><td>authentic,</td><td>developed,</td><td>positive,</td><td>unquestionable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>certain,</td><td>essential,</td><td>substantial,</td><td>veritable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Real</i> (L. <i>res</i>, a thing) signifies having existence, not merely in +thought, but in fact, or being in fact according to appearance or +claim; denoting the thing as distinguished from the name, or the +existent as opposed to the non-existent. <i>Actual</i> has respect to a +thing accomplished by doing, <i>real</i> to a thing as existing by whatever +means or from whatever cause, <i>positive</i> to that which is fixed +or established, <i>developed</i> to that which has reached completion by +a natural process of unfolding. <i>Actual</i> is in opposition to the supposed, +conceived, or reported, and furnishes the proof of its existence +in itself; <i>real</i> is opposed to feigned or imaginary, and is +capable of demonstration; <i>positive</i>, to the uncertain or doubtful; +<i>developed</i>, to that which is undeveloped or incomplete. The <i>developed</i> +is susceptible of proof; the <i>positive</i> precludes the necessity +for proof. The present condition of a thing is its <i>actual</i> condition; +ills are <i>real</i> that have a substantial reason; proofs are +<i>positive</i> when they give the mind certainty; a plant is <i>developed</i> +when it has reached its completed stage. <i>Real</i> estate is land, together +with trees, water, minerals, or other natural accompaniments,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span> +and any permanent structures that man has built upon it. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AUTHENTIC">AUTHENTIC</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conceived,</td><td>feigned,</td><td>illusory,</td><td>supposed,</td><td>unreal,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fabulous,</td><td>fictitious,</td><td>imaginary,</td><td>supposititious,</td><td>untrue,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fanciful,</td><td>hypothetical,</td><td>reported,</td><td>theoretical,</td><td>visionary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REASON_v" id="REASON_v"></a>REASON, <span class="nbi">v.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>argue,</td><td>debate,</td><td>discuss,</td><td>establish,</td><td>question,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contend,</td><td rowspan="2">demonstrate,</td><td rowspan="2">dispute,</td><td rowspan="2">prove,</td><td rowspan="2">wrangle.</td></tr> +<tr><td>controvert,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>reason</i> is to examine by means of the reason, to prove by +reasoning, or to influence or seek to influence others by reasoning +or reasons. Persons may <i>contend</i> either from mere ill will or self-interest, +or from the highest motives; "That ye should earnestly +<i>contend</i> for the faith which was once delivered to the saints," <i>Jude</i> +3. To <i>argue</i> (L. <i>arguo</i>, show) is to make a matter clear by reasoning; +to <i>discuss</i> (L. <i>dis</i>, apart, and <i>quatio</i>, shake) is, etymologically, +to shake it apart for examination and analysis. <i>Demonstrate</i> +strictly applies to mathematical or exact reasoning; <i>prove</i> may be +used in the same sense, but is often applied to reasoning upon matters +of fact by what is called probable evidence, which can give +only moral and not absolute or mathematical certainty. To <i>demonstrate</i> +is to force the mind to a conclusion by irresistible reasoning; +to <i>prove</i> is rather to <i>establish</i> a fact by evidence; as, to <i>prove</i> +one innocent or guilty. That which has been either <i>demonstrated</i> +or <i>proved</i> so as to secure general acceptance is said to be <i>established</i>. +<i>Reason</i> is a neutral word, not, like <i>argue</i>, <i>debate</i>, <i>discuss</i>, +etc., naturally or necessarily implying contest. We <i>reason</i> +about a matter by bringing up all that reason can give us on any +side. A <i>dispute</i> may be personal, fractious, and petty; a <i>debate</i> +is formal and orderly; if otherwise, it becomes a mere <i>wrangle</i>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>We reason <i>with</i> a person <i>about</i> a subject, <i>for</i> or <i>against</i> an +opinion; we reason a person <i>into</i> or <i>out of</i> a course of action; or +we may reason <i>down</i> an opponent or opposition; one reasons <i>from</i> +a cause <i>to</i> an effect.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REASON_n" id="REASON_n"></a>REASON, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>cause,</td><td>end,</td><td>motive,</td><td>principle,</td></tr> +<tr><td>aim,</td><td>consideration,</td><td>ground,</td><td>object,</td><td>purpose.</td></tr> +<tr><td>argument,</td><td colspan="4">design,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>While the <i>cause</i> of any event, act, or fact, as commonly understood,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span> +is the power that makes it to be, the <i>reason</i> of or for it is the +explanation given by the human mind; but <i>reason</i> is, in popular +language, often used as equivalent to <i>cause</i>, especially in the sense +of <i>final cause</i>. In the statement of any reasoning, the <i>argument</i> +may be an entire syllogism, or the premises considered together +apart from the conclusion, or in logical strictness the middle term +only by which the particular conclusion is connected with the general +statement. But when the <i>reasoning</i> is not in strict logical +form, the middle term following the conclusion is called the <i>reason</i>; +thus in the statement "All tyrants deserve death; Cæsar was a +tyrant; Therefore Cæsar deserved death," "Cæsar was a tyrant" +would in the strictest sense be called the <i>argument</i>; but if we say +"Cæsar deserved death because he was a tyrant," the latter clause +would be termed the <i>reason</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CAUSE">CAUSE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REASON_v">REASON</a></span>, <i>v.</i>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MIND">MIND</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#REASONING">REASONING</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The reason <i>of</i> a thing that is to be explained; the reason <i>for</i> a +thing that is to be done.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REASONING" id="REASONING"></a>REASONING.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>argument,</td><td>argumentation,</td><td>debate,</td><td>ratiocination.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Argumentation</i> and <i>debate</i>, in the ordinary use of the words, +suppose two parties alleging reasons for and against a proposition; +the same idea appears figuratively when we speak of a +<i>debate</i> or an <i>argument</i> with oneself, or of a <i>debate</i> between reason +and conscience. <i>Reasoning</i> may be the act of one alone, as it is +simply the orderly setting forth of reasons, whether for the instruction +of inquirers, the confuting of opponents, or the clear +establishment of truth for oneself. <i>Reasoning</i> may be either +deductive or inductive. <i>Argument</i> or <i>argumentation</i> was formerly +used of deductive <i>reasoning</i> only. With the rise of the +inductive philosophy these words have come to be applied to +inductive processes also; but while <i>reasoning</i> may be informal or +even (as far as tracing its processes is concerned) unconscious, +<i>argument</i> and <i>argumentation</i> strictly imply logical form. <i>Reasoning</i>, +as denoting a process, is a broader term than <i>reason</i> or +<i>argument</i>; many <i>arguments</i> or <i>reasons</i> may be included in a +single chain of <i>reasoning</i>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span></p> + +<h3>REBELLIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contumacious,</td><td>mutinous,</td><td>uncontrollable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disobedient,</td><td>refractory,</td><td>ungovernable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>insubordinate,</td><td>seditious,</td><td>unmanageable.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3">intractable,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Rebellious</i> signifies being in a state of rebellion (see <span class="smcl">REBELLION</span> +under <span class="smcl"><a href="#REVOLUTION">REVOLUTION</a></span>), and is even extended to inanimate things that +resist control or adaptation to human use. <i>Ungovernable</i> applies +to that which successfully defies authority and power; <i>unmanageable</i> +to that which resists the utmost exercise of skill or of +skill and power combined; <i>rebellious</i>, to that which is defiant of +authority, whether successfully or unsuccessfully; <i>seditious</i>, to +that which partakes of or tends to excite a <i>rebellious</i> spirit, <i>seditious</i> +suggesting more of covert plan, scheming, or conspiracy, +<i>rebellious</i> more of overt act or open violence. While the <i>unmanageable</i> +or <i>ungovernable</i> defies control, the <i>rebellious</i> or +<i>seditious</i> may be forced to submission; as, the man has an <i>ungovernable</i> +temper; the horses became <i>unmanageable</i>; he tamed +his <i>rebellious</i> spirit. <i>Insubordinate</i> applies to the disposition to +resist and resent control as such; <i>mutinous</i>, to open defiance of +authority, especially in the army, navy, or merchant marine. A +<i>contumacious</i> act or spirit is contemptuous as well as defiant. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#OBSTINATE">OBSTINATE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REVOLUTION">REVOLUTION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compliant,</td><td>docile,</td><td>manageable,</td><td>subservient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>controllable,</td><td>dutiful,</td><td>obedient,</td><td>tractable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deferential,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>submissive,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Rebellious <i>to</i> or <i>against</i> lawful authority.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="RECORD" id="RECORD"></a>RECORD.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>enrolment,</td><td>instrument,</td><td>register,</td></tr> +<tr><td>archive,</td><td>entry,</td><td>inventory,</td><td>roll,</td></tr> +<tr><td>catalogue,</td><td>enumeration,</td><td>memorandum,</td><td>schedule,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chronicle,</td><td>history,</td><td>memorial,</td><td>scroll.</td></tr> +<tr><td>document,</td><td>inscription,</td><td colspan="2">muniment,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>memorial</i> is any object, whether a writing, a monument, or +other permanent thing that is designed or adapted to keep something +in remembrance. <i>Record</i> is a word of wide signification, +applying to any writing, mark, or trace that serves as a <i>memorial</i> +giving enduring attestation of an event or fact; an extended <i>account</i>, +<i>chronicle</i>, or <i>history</i> is a <i>record</i>; so, too, may be a brief +<i>inventory</i> or <i>memorandum</i>; the <i>inscription</i> on a tombstone is a +<i>record</i> of the dead; the striæ on a rock-surface are the <i>record</i> of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span> +a glacier's passage. A <i>register</i> is a formal or official written <i>record</i>, +especially a series of entries made for preservation or reference; +as, a <i>register</i> of births and deaths. <i>Archives</i>, in the sense here +considered, are <i>documents</i> or <i>records</i>, often legal <i>records</i>, preserved +in a public or official depository; the word <i>archives</i> is also +applied to the place where such <i>documents</i> are regularly deposited +and preserved. <i>Muniments</i> (L. <i>munio</i>, fortify) are <i>records</i> that +enable one to defend his title. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#STORY">STORY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RECOVER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be cured <span class="nbi">or</span> healed,</td><td>heal,</td><td>recuperate,</td><td>restore,</td></tr> +<tr><td>be restored,</td><td>reanimate,</td><td>regain,</td><td>resume,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cure,</td><td>recruit,</td><td>repossess,</td><td>retrieve.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The transitive use of <i>recover</i> in the sense of <i>cure</i>, <i>heal</i>, etc., as +in <i>2 Kings</i> v, 6, "That thou mayest <i>recover</i> him of his leprosy," is +now practically obsolete. The chief transitive use of <i>recover</i> is +in the sense to obtain again after losing, <i>regain</i>, <i>repossess</i>, etc.; +as, to <i>recover</i> stolen goods; to <i>recover</i> health. The intransitive +sense, <i>be cured</i>, <i>be restored</i>, etc., is very common; as, to <i>recover</i> +from sickness, terror, or misfortune.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>die,</td><td>fail,</td><td>grow worse,</td><td>relapse,</td><td>sink.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p><i>From</i>; rarely <i>of</i>; (<i>Law</i>) to recover judgment <i>against</i>, to recover +damages <i>of</i> or <i>from</i> a person.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REFINEMENT" id="REFINEMENT"></a>REFINEMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>civilization,</td><td>cultivation,</td><td>culture,</td><td>elegance,</td><td>politeness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Civilization</i> applies to nations, denoting the sum of those civil, +social, economic, and political attainments by which a community +is removed from barbarism; a people may be civilized while still +far from <i>refinement</i> or <i>culture</i>, but <i>civilization</i> is susceptible of +various degrees and of continued progress. <i>Refinement</i> applies +either to nations or individuals, denoting the removal of what is +coarse and rude, and a corresponding attainment of what is delicate, +elegant, and beautiful. <i>Cultivation</i>, denoting primarily the +process of cultivating the soil or growing crops, then the improved +condition of either which is the result, is applied in similar sense +to the human mind and character, but in this usage is now largely +superseded by the term <i>culture</i>, which denotes a high development<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> +of the best qualities of man's mental and spiritual nature, +with especial reference to the esthetic faculties and to graces of +speech and manner, regarded as the expression of a refined nature. +<i>Culture</i> in the fullest sense denotes that degree of <i>refinement</i> and +development which results from continued <i>cultivation</i> through successive +generations; a man's faculties may be brought to a high +degree of <i>cultivation</i> in some specialty, while he himself remains +uncultured even to the extent of coarseness and rudeness. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HUMANE">HUMANE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POLITE">POLITE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>barbarism,</td><td>brutality,</td><td>coarseness,</td><td>rudeness,</td><td>savagery,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boorishness,</td><td>clownishness,</td><td>grossness,</td><td>rusticity,</td><td>vulgarity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REFUTE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>confound,</td><td>confute,</td><td>disprove,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>repel.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>refute</i> and to <i>confute</i> are to answer so as to admit of no +reply. To <i>refute</i> a statement is to demonstrate its falsity by argument +or countervailing proof; <i>confute</i> is substantially the same +in meaning, tho differing in usage. <i>Refute</i> applies either to arguments +and opinions or to accusations; <i>confute</i> is not applied to +accusations and charges, but to arguments or opinions. <i>Refute</i> is +not now applied to persons, but <i>confute</i> is in good use in this application; +a person is <i>confuted</i> when his arguments are <i>refuted</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RELIABLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>trustworthy,</td><td>trusty.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The word <i>reliable</i> has been sharply challenged, but seems to +have established its place in the language. The objection to its +use on the ground that the suffix <i>-able</i> can not properly be added +to an intransitive verb is answered by the citation of such words as +"available," "conversable," "laughable," and the like, while, in the +matter of usage, <i>reliable</i> has the authority of Coleridge, Martineau, +Mill, Irving, Newman, Gladstone, and others of the foremost of +recent English writers. The objection to the application of <i>reliable</i> +to persons is not sustained by the use of the verb "rely," which +is applied to persons in the authorized version of the Scriptures, in +the writings of Shakespeare and Bacon, and in the usage of good +speakers and writers. <i>Trusty</i> and <i>trustworthy</i> refer to inherent +qualities of a high order, <i>trustworthy</i> being especially applied to +persons, and denoting moral integrity and truthfulness; we speak<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> +of a <i>trusty</i> sword, a <i>trusty</i> servant; we say the man is thoroughly +<i>trustworthy</i>. <i>Reliable</i> is inferior in meaning, denoting merely +the possession of such qualities as are needed for safe reliance; as, +a <i>reliable</i> pledge; <i>reliable</i> information. A man is said to be <i>reliable</i> +with reference not only to moral qualities, but to judgment, +knowledge, skill, habit, or perhaps pecuniary ability; a thoroughly +<i>trustworthy</i> person might not be <i>reliable</i> as a witness on account +of unconscious sympathy, or as a security by reason of insufficient +means. A <i>reliable</i> messenger is one who may be depended on to +do his errand correctly and promptly; a <i>trusty</i> or <i>trustworthy</i> +messenger is one who may be admitted to knowledge of the views +and purposes of those who employ him, and who will be faithful +beyond the mere letter of his commission. We can speak of a +railroad-train as <i>reliable</i> when it can be depended on to arrive on +time; but to speak of a <i>reliable</i> friend would be cold, and to speak +of a warrior girding on his <i>reliable</i> sword would be ludicrous.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="RELIGION" id="RELIGION"></a>RELIGION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>devotion,</td><td>godliness,</td><td>morality,</td><td>piety,</td><td>theology,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faith,</td><td>holiness,</td><td>pietism,</td><td>righteousness,</td><td>worship.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Piety</i> is primarily filial duty, as of children to parents, and +hence, in its highest sense, a loving obedience and service to God +as the Heavenly Father; <i>pietism</i> often denotes a mystical, sometimes +an affected <i>piety</i>; <i>religion</i> is the reverent acknowledgment +both in heart and in act of a divine being. <i>Religion</i>, in the fullest +and highest sense, includes all the other words of this group. <i>Worship</i> +may be external and formal, or it may be the adoring reverence +of the human spirit for the divine, seeking outward expression. +<i>Devotion</i>, which in its fullest sense is self-consecration, is +often used to denote an act of <i>worship</i>, especially prayer or adoration; +as, he is engaged in his <i>devotions</i>. <i>Morality</i> is the system +and practise of duty as required by the moral law, consisting +chiefly in outward acts, and thus may be observed without spiritual +rectitude of heart; <i>morality</i> is of necessity included in all +true <i>religion</i>, which involves both outward act and spiritual service. +<i>Godliness</i> (primarily godlikeness) is a character and spirit +like that of God. <i>Holiness</i> is the highest, sinless perfection of +any spirit, whether divine or human, tho often used for purity or +for consecration. <i>Theology</i> is the science of <i>religion</i>, or the study +and scientific statement of all that the human mind can know of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> +God. <i>Faith</i>, strictly the belief and trust which the soul exercises +toward God, is often used as a comprehensive word for a whole +system of <i>religion</i> considered as the object of <i>faith</i>; as, the Christian +<i>faith</i>; the Mohammedan <i>faith</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>atheism,</td><td>godlessness,</td><td>irreligion,</td><td>sacrilege,</td><td>ungodliness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blasphemy,</td><td>impiety,</td><td>profanity,</td><td>unbelief,</td><td>wickedness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RELUCTANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>averse,</td><td>disinclined,</td><td>loath,</td><td>slow,</td></tr> +<tr><td>backward,</td><td>indisposed,</td><td>opposed,</td><td>unwilling.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Reluctant</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>lucto</i>, strive, struggle) signifies +struggling against what one is urged or impelled to do, or is actually +doing; <i>averse</i> (L. <i>a</i>, from, and <i>verto</i>, turn) signifies turned +away as with dislike or repugnance; <i>loath</i> (AS. <i>lath</i>, evil, hateful) +signifies having a repugnance, disgust, or loathing for, tho the +adjective <i>loath</i> is not so strong as the verb <i>loathe</i>. A dunce is always +<i>averse</i> to study; a good student is <i>disinclined</i> to it when a +fine morning tempts him out; he is <i>indisposed</i> to it in some hour +of weariness. A man may be <i>slow</i> or <i>backward</i> in entering upon +that to which he is by no means <i>averse</i>. A man is <i>loath</i> to believe +evil of his friend, <i>reluctant</i> to speak of it, absolutely <i>unwilling</i> to +use it to his injury. A legislator may be <i>opposed</i> to a certain +measure, while not <i>averse</i> to what it aims to accomplish. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ANTIPATHY">ANTIPATHY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>desirous,</td><td>disposed,</td><td>eager,</td><td>favorable,</td><td>inclined,</td><td>willing.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REMARK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annotation,</td><td>comment,</td><td>note,</td><td>observation,</td><td>utterance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>remark</i> is a saying or brief statement, oral or written, +commonly made without much premeditation; a <i>comment</i> +is an explanatory or critical <i>remark</i>, as upon some passage +in a literary work or some act or speech in common life. A +<i>note</i> is something to call attention, hence a brief written +statement; in correspondence, a <i>note</i> is briefer than a letter. A +<i>note</i> upon some passage in a book is briefer and less elaborate than +a <i>comment</i>. <i>Annotations</i> are especially brief <i>notes</i>, commonly +marginal, and closely following the text. <i>Comments</i>, <i>observations</i>, +or <i>remarks</i> may be oral or written, <i>comments</i> being oftenest written, +and <i>remarks</i> oftenest oral. An <i>observation</i> is properly the<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span> +result of fixed attention and reflection; a <i>remark</i> may be the suggestion +of the instant. <i>Remarks</i> are more informal than a speech.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REND" id="REND"></a>REND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>break,</td><td>cleave,</td><td>mangle,</td><td>rive,</td><td>sever,</td><td>sunder,</td></tr> +<tr><td>burst,</td><td>lacerate,</td><td>rip,</td><td>rupture,</td><td>slit,</td><td>tear.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Rend</i> and <i>tear</i> are applied to the separating of textile substances +into parts by force violently applied (<i>rend</i> also to frangible substances), +<i>tear</i> being the milder, <i>rend</i> the stronger word. <i>Rive</i> is a +wood-workers' word for parting wood in the way of the grain +without a clean cut. To <i>lacerate</i> is to <i>tear</i> roughly the flesh or +animal tissue, as by the teeth of a wild beast; a <i>lacerated</i> wound +is distinguished from a wound made by a clean cut or incision. +<i>Mangle</i> is a stronger word than <i>lacerate</i>; <i>lacerate</i> is more superficial, +<i>mangle</i> more complete. To <i>burst</i> or <i>rupture</i> is to <i>tear</i> or +<i>rend</i> by force from within, <i>burst</i> denoting the greater violence; +as, to <i>burst</i> a gun; to <i>rupture</i> a blood-vessel; a steam-boiler may +be <i>ruptured</i> when its substance is made to divide by internal pressure +without explosion. To <i>rip</i>, as usually applied to garments or +other articles made by sewing or stitching, is to divide along the +line of a seam by cutting or breaking the stitches; the other senses +bear some resemblance or analogy to this; as, to <i>rip</i> open a wound. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BREAK">BREAK</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>heal,</td><td>join,</td><td>mend,</td><td>reunite,</td><td>secure,</td><td>sew,</td><td>solder,</td><td>stitch,</td><td>unite,</td><td>weld.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RENOUNCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>disavow,</td><td>disown,</td><td>recant,</td><td>repudiate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>abjure,</td><td>discard,</td><td>forswear,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>retract,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deny,</td><td>disclaim,</td><td>recall,</td><td>reject,</td><td>revoke.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Abjure</i>, <i>discard</i>, <i>forswear</i>, <i>recall</i>, <i>recant</i>, <i>renounce</i>, <i>retract</i>, +and <i>revoke</i>, like <i>abandon</i>, imply some previous connection. <i>Renounce</i> +(L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>nuntio</i>, bear a message) is to declare +against and give up formally and definitively; as, to <i>renounce</i> the +pomps and vanities of the world. <i>Recant</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>canto</i>, +sing) is to take back or <i>deny</i> formally and publicly, as a belief that +one has held or professed. <i>Retract</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>traho</i>, draw) +is to take back something that one has said as not true or as what +one is not ready to maintain; as, to <i>retract</i> a charge or accusation; +one <i>recants</i> what was especially his own, he <i>retracts</i> what was directed<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> +against another. <i>Repudiate</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, or away, and +<i>pudeo</i>, feel shame) is primarily to <i>renounce</i> as shameful, hence to +divorce, as a wife; thus in general to put away with emphatic and +determined repulsion; as, to <i>repudiate</i> a debt. To <i>deny</i> is to affirm +to be not true or not binding; as, to <i>deny</i> a statement or a relationship; +or to refuse to grant as something requested; as, his +mother could not <i>deny</i> him what he desired. To <i>discard</i> is to cast +away as useless or worthless; thus, one <i>discards</i> a worn garment; +a coquette <i>discards</i> a lover. <i>Revoke</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>voco</i>, call), +etymologically the exact equivalent of the English <i>recall</i>, is to +take back something given or granted; as, to <i>revoke</i> a command, +a will, or a grant; <i>recall</i> may be used in the exact sense of <i>revoke</i>, +but is often applied to persons, as <i>revoke</i> is not; we <i>recall</i> a messenger +and <i>revoke</i> the order with which he was charged. <i>Abjure</i> +(L. <i>ab</i>, away, and <i>juro</i>, swear) is etymologically the exact equivalent +of the Saxon <i>forswear</i>, signifying to put away formally and +under oath, as an error, heresy, or evil practise, or a condemned +and detested person. A man <i>abjures</i> his religion, <i>recants</i> his +belief, <i>abjures</i> or <i>renounces</i> his allegiance, <i>repudiates</i> another's +claim, <i>renounces</i> his own, <i>retracts</i> a false statement. A person +may <i>deny</i>, <i>disavow</i>, <i>disclaim</i>, <i>disown</i> what has been truly or +falsely imputed to him or supposed to be his. He may <i>deny</i> his +signature, <i>disavow</i> the act of his agent, <i>disown</i> his child; he may +<i>repudiate</i> a just claim or a base suggestion. A native of the +United States can not <i>abjure</i> or <i>renounce</i> allegiance to the Queen +of England, but will promptly <i>deny</i> or <i>repudiate</i> it. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ABANDON">ABANDON</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acknowledge,</td><td>assert,</td><td>cherish,</td><td>defend,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>proclaim,</td><td>uphold,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advocate,</td><td>avow,</td><td>claim,</td><td>hold,</td><td>own,</td><td>retain,</td><td>vindicate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REPENTANCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compunction,</td><td>contriteness,</td><td>regret,</td><td>self-condemnation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrition,</td><td>penitence,</td><td>remorse,</td><td>sorrow.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Regret</i> is <i>sorrow</i> for any painful or annoying matter. One is +moved with <i>penitence</i> for wrong-doing. To speak of <i>regret</i> for a +fault of our own marks it as slighter than one regarding which we +should express <i>penitence</i>. <i>Repentance</i> is <i>sorrow</i> for sin with <i>self-condemnation</i>, +and complete turning from the sin. <i>Penitence</i> is +transient, and may involve no change of character or conduct. +There may be <i>sorrow</i> without <i>repentance</i>, as for consequences<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> +only, but not <i>repentance</i> without <i>sorrow</i>. <i>Compunction</i> is a momentary +sting of conscience, in view either of a past or of a contemplated +act. <i>Contrition</i> is a subduing <i>sorrow</i> for sin, as against +the divine holiness and love. <i>Remorse</i> is, as its derivation indicates, +a biting or gnawing back of guilt upon the heart, with no +turning of heart from the sin, and no suggestion of divine forgiveness.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>approval,</td><td>content,</td><td>obduracy,</td><td>self-complacency,</td></tr> +<tr><td>comfort,</td><td>hardness,</td><td>obstinacy,</td><td>self-congratulation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>complacency,</td><td>impenitence,</td><td>self-approval,</td><td>stubbornness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Repentance <i>of</i> or <i>in</i> heart, or <i>from</i> the heart; repentance <i>for</i> +sins; <i>before</i> or <i>toward</i> God; <i>unto</i> life.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REPORT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>narrative,</td><td>rehearsal,</td><td>rumor,</td><td>story,</td></tr> +<tr><td>description,</td><td>recital,</td><td>relation,</td><td>statement,</td><td>tale.</td></tr> +<tr><td>narration,</td><td colspan="4">record,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Account</i> carries the idea of a commercial summary. A <i>statement</i> +is definite, confined to essentials and properly to matters +within the personal knowledge of the one who states them; as, an +ante-mortem <i>statement</i>. A <i>narrative</i> is a somewhat extended +and embellished <i>account</i> of events in order of time, ordinarily with +a view to please or entertain. A <i>description</i> gives especial scope +to the pictorial element. A <i>report</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>porto</i>, bring), +as its etymology implies, is something brought back, as by one +sent to obtain information, and may be concise and formal or +highly descriptive and dramatic. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEGORY">ALLEGORY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#RECORD">RECORD</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REPROOF" id="REPROOF"></a>REPROOF.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admonition,</td><td>chiding,</td><td>disapproval,</td><td>reprimand,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animadversion,</td><td>comment,</td><td>objurgation,</td><td>reproach,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blame,</td><td>condemnation,</td><td>rebuke,</td><td>reproval,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>criticism,</td><td>reflection,</td><td rowspan="2">upbraiding.</td></tr> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>denunciation,</td><td>reprehension,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Blame</i>, <i>censure</i>, and <i>disapproval</i> may either be felt or uttered; +<i>comment</i>, <i>criticism</i>, <i>rebuke</i>, <i>reflection</i>, <i>reprehension</i>, and <i>reproof</i> +are always expressed. The same is true of <i>admonition</i> and <i>animadversion</i>. +<i>Comment</i> and <i>criticism</i> may be favorable as well as +censorious; they imply no superiority or authority on the part of +him who utters them; nor do <i>reflection</i> or <i>reprehension</i>, which<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span> +are simply turning the mind back upon what is disapproved. <i>Reprehension</i> +is supposed to be calm and just, and with good intent; +it is therefore a serious matter, however mild, and is capable of +great force, as expressed in the phrase severe <i>reprehension</i>. <i>Reflection</i> +is often from mere ill feeling, and is likely to be more personal +and less impartial than <i>reprehension</i>; we often speak of +unkind or unjust <i>reflections</i>. <i>Rebuke</i>, literally a stopping of the +mouth, is administered to a forward or hasty person; <i>reproof</i> is +administered to one intentionally or deliberately wrong; both +words imply authority in the reprover, and direct expression of +<i>disapproval</i> to the face of the person <i>rebuked</i> or <i>reproved</i>. <i>Reprimand</i> +is official <i>censure</i> formally administered by a superior to +one under his command. <i>Animadversion</i> is <i>censure</i> of a high, +authoritative, and somewhat formal kind. <i>Rebuke</i> may be given +at the outset, or in the midst of an action; <i>animadversion</i>, <i>reflection</i>, +<i>reprehension</i>, <i>reproof</i>, always follow the act; <i>admonition</i> is +anticipatory, and meant to be preventive. <i>Check</i> is allied to <i>rebuke</i>, +and given before or during action; <i>chiding</i> is nearer to <i>reproof</i>, +but with more of personal bitterness and less of authority. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONDEMN">CONDEMN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REPROVE">REPROVE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>applause,</td><td>approval,</td><td rowspan="2">encomium,</td><td rowspan="2">eulogy,</td><td rowspan="2">panegyric,</td><td rowspan="2">praise.</td></tr> +<tr><td>approbation,</td><td>commendation,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REPROVE" id="REPROVE"></a>REPROVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>admonish,</td><td>condemn,</td><td>reprimand,</td></tr> +<tr><td>blame,</td><td>expostulate with,</td><td>reproach,</td></tr> +<tr><td>censure,</td><td>find fault with,</td><td>take to task,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chasten,</td><td>rebuke,</td><td>upbraid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>remonstrate with,</td><td>warn.</td></tr> +<tr><td>chide,</td><td colspan="2">reprehend,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>censure</i> is to pronounce an adverse judgment that may or +may not be expressed to the person <i>censured</i>; to <i>reprove</i> is to +<i>censure</i> authoritatively, openly, and directly to the face of the person +<i>reproved</i>; to <i>rebuke</i> is to <i>reprove</i> with sharpness, and often with +abruptness, usually in the midst of some action or course of action +deemed censurable; to <i>reprimand</i> is to <i>reprove</i> officially; to +<i>blame</i> is a familiar word signifying to pass <i>censure</i> upon, make +answerable, as for a fault; <i>blame</i> and <i>censure</i> apply either to persons +or acts; <i>reprove</i> and <i>rebuke</i> are applied chiefly, and <i>reprimand</i> +exclusively to persons. To <i>reproach</i> is to <i>censure</i> openly and +vehemently, and with intense personal feeling as of grief or anger; +as, to <i>reproach</i> one for ingratitude; <i>reproach</i> knows no distinction<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span> +of rank or character; a subject may <i>reproach</i> a king or a +criminal judge. To <i>expostulate</i> or <i>remonstrate with</i> is to mingle +reasoning and appeal with <i>censure</i> in the hope of winning one from +his evil way, <i>expostulate</i> being the gentler, <i>remonstrate</i> the severer +word. <i>Admonish</i> is the mildest of <i>reproving</i> words, and may +even be used of giving a caution or warning where no wrong is implied, +or of simply reminding of duty which might be forgotten. +<i>Censure</i>, <i>rebuke</i>, and <i>reprove</i> apply to wrong that has been done; +<i>warn</i> and <i>admonish</i> refer to anticipated error or fault. When +one is <i>admonished</i> because of wrong already done, the view is still +future, that he may not repeat or continue in the wrong. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CONDEMN">CONDEMN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REPROOF">REPROOF</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abet,</td><td>approve,</td><td>countenance,</td><td>impel,</td><td>instigate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>applaud,</td><td>cheer,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>incite,</td><td>urge on.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REQUITE" id="REQUITE"></a>REQUITE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>avenge,</td><td>punish,</td><td>remunerate,</td><td>revenge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compensate,</td><td>quit,</td><td>repay,</td><td>reward,</td></tr> +<tr><td>pay,</td><td>reciprocate,</td><td>retaliate,</td><td>satisfy,</td></tr> +<tr><td>pay off,</td><td>recompense,</td><td>return,</td><td>settle with.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>repay</i> or to <i>retaliate</i>, to <i>punish</i> or to <i>reward</i>, may be to +make some return very inadequate to the benefit or injury received, +or the right or wrong done; but to <i>requite</i> (according to +its etymology) is to make so full and adequate a <i>return</i> as to <i>quit</i> +oneself of all obligation of favor or hostility, of punishment or <i>reward</i>. +<i>Requite</i> is often used in the more general sense of <i>recompense</i> +or <i>repay</i>, but always with the suggestion, at least, of the +original idea of full equivalent; when one speaks of <i>requiting</i> +kindness with ingratitude, the expression gains force from the +comparison of the actual with the proper and appropriate <i>return</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PAY_n">PAY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absolve,</td><td>excuse,</td><td>forgive,</td><td>overlook,</td><td>pass over,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acquit,</td><td>forget,</td><td>neglect,</td><td>pardon,</td><td>slight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>To requite injury <i>with</i> injury is human, but not Christian.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REST" id="REST"></a>REST.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calm,</td><td>pause,</td><td>quietness,</td><td>slumber,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calmness,</td><td>peace,</td><td>quietude,</td><td>stay,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cessation,</td><td>peacefulness,</td><td>recreation,</td><td>stillness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ease,</td><td>quiescence,</td><td>repose,</td><td>stop,</td></tr> +<tr><td>intermission,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>sleep,</td><td>tranquillity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Ease</i> denotes freedom from cause of disturbance, whether<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span> +external or internal. <i>Quiet</i> denotes freedom from agitation, or +especially from annoying sounds. <i>Rest</i> is a <i>cessation</i> of activity +especially of wearying or painful activity. <i>Recreation</i> is some +pleasing activity of certain organs or faculties that affords <i>rest</i> to +other parts of our nature that have become weary. <i>Repose</i> is +a laying down, primarily of the body, and figuratively a similar +freedom from toil or strain of mind. <i>Repose</i> is more complete +than <i>rest</i>; a <i>pause</i> is a momentary <i>cessation</i> of activity; a black-smith +finds a temporary <i>rest</i> while the iron is heating, but he does +not yield to <i>repose</i>; in a <i>pause</i> of battle a soldier <i>rests</i> on his arms; +after the battle the victor <i>reposes</i> on his laurels. <i>Sleep</i> is the perfection +of <i>repose</i>, the most complete <i>rest</i>; <i>slumber</i> is a light and +ordinarily pleasant form of <i>sleep</i>. In the figurative sense, <i>rest</i> +of mind, soul, conscience, is not mere <i>cessation</i> of activity, but a +pleasing, tranquil relief from all painful and wearying activity; +<i>repose</i> is even more deep, tranquil, and complete.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitation,</td><td>disturbance,</td><td>movement,</td><td>stir,</td><td>tumult,</td></tr> +<tr><td>commotion,</td><td>excitement,</td><td>restlessness,</td><td>strain,</td><td>unrest,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disquiet,</td><td>motion,</td><td>rush,</td><td>toil,</td><td>work.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RESTIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>balky,</td><td>impatient,</td><td>rebellious,</td><td>restless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fidgety,</td><td>intractable,</td><td>recalcitrant,</td><td>skittish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fractious,</td><td>mulish,</td><td>refractory,</td><td>stubborn,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fretful,</td><td>mutinous,</td><td>resentful,</td><td>unruly,</td></tr> +<tr><td>frisky,</td><td>obstinate,</td><td>restiff,</td><td>vicious.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Balky</i>, <i>mulish</i>, <i>obstinate</i>, and <i>stubborn</i> are synonyms of <i>restive</i> +only in an infrequent if not obsolete use; the supposed sense of +"tending to rest," "standing stubbornly still," is scarcely supported +by any examples, and those cited to support that meaning often +fail to do so. The disposition to offer active resistance to control +by any means whatever is what is commonly indicated by <i>restive</i> +in the best English speech and literature. Dryden speaks of "the +pampered colt" as "<i>restiff</i> to the rein;" but the rein is not used +to propel a horse forward, but to hold him in, and it is against this +that he is "<i>restiff</i>." A horse may be made <i>restless</i> by flies or by +martial music, but with no refractoriness; the <i>restive</i> animal impatiently +resists or struggles to break from control, as by bolting, +flinging his rider, or otherwise. With this the metaphorical use +of the word agrees, which is always in the sense of such terms as +<i>impatient</i>, <i>intractable</i>, <i>rebellious</i>, and the like; a people <i>restive</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> +under despotism are not disposed to "rest" under it, but to resist +it and fling it off.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>docile,</td><td>manageable,</td><td>passive,</td><td>quiet,</td><td>tractable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>gentle,</td><td>obedient,</td><td>peaceable,</td><td>submissive,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="RESTRAIN" id="RESTRAIN"></a>RESTRAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abridge,</td><td>constrain,</td><td>hold in,</td><td>keep under,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bridle,</td><td>curb,</td><td>keep,</td><td>repress,</td></tr> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>hinder,</td><td>keep back,</td><td>restrict,</td></tr> +<tr><td>circumscribe,</td><td>hold,</td><td>keep down,</td><td>suppress,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confine,</td><td>hold back,</td><td>keep in,</td><td>withhold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>restrain</i> is to <i>hold back</i> from acting, proceeding, or advancing, +either by physical or moral force. <i>Constrain</i> is positive; +<i>restrain</i> is negative; one is <i>constrained</i> to an action; he is <i>restrained</i> +from an action. <i>Constrain</i> refers almost exclusively to +moral force, <i>restrain</i> frequently to physical force, as when we +speak of putting one under restraint. To <i>restrain</i> an action is to +hold it partially or wholly in check, so that it is under pressure +even while it acts; to <i>restrict</i> an action is to fix a limit or boundary +which it may not pass, but within which it is free. To <i>repress</i>, +literally to press back, is to hold in check, and perhaps only temporarily, +that which is still very active; it is a feebler word than +<i>restrain</i>; to <i>suppress</i> is finally and effectually to put down; <i>suppress</i> +is a much stronger word than <i>restrain</i>; as, to <i>suppress</i> a +rebellion. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ARREST">ARREST</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BIND">BIND</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KEEP">KEEP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>arouse,</td><td>encourage,</td><td>free,</td><td>incite,</td><td>release,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animate,</td><td>emancipate,</td><td>excite,</td><td>impel,</td><td>let loose,</td><td>set free.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RETIREMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>loneliness,</td><td>privacy,</td><td>seclusion,</td><td>solitude.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In <i>retirement</i> one withdraws from association he has had with +others; we speak of the <i>retirement</i> of a public man to private +life, tho he may still be much in company. In <i>seclusion</i> one +shuts himself away from the society of all except intimate friends +or attendants; in <i>solitude</i> no other person is present. While <i>seclusion</i> +is ordinarily voluntary, <i>solitude</i> may be enforced; we +speak of the <i>solitude</i> rather than the <i>seclusion</i> of a prisoner. As +"private" denotes what concerns ourselves individually, <i>privacy</i> +denotes freedom from the presence or observation of those not +concerned or whom we desire not to have concerned in our affairs;<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> +<i>privacy</i> is more commonly temporary than <i>seclusion</i>; we speak +of a moment's <i>privacy</i>. There may be <i>loneliness</i> without <i>solitude</i>, +as amid an unsympathizing crowd, and <i>solitude</i> without <i>loneliness</i>, +as when one is glad to be alone.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>association,</td><td>companionship,</td><td>company,</td><td>converse,</td><td>fellowship,</td><td>society.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>REVELATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apocalypse,</td><td>disclosure,</td><td>manifestation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Revelation</i> (L. <i>re</i>, back, and <i>velum</i>, veil), literally an unveiling, +is the act or process of making known what was before secret or +hidden, or what may still be future. <i>Apocalypse</i> (Gr. <i>apo</i>, from, +and <i>kalypto</i>, cover), literally an uncovering, comes into English +as the name of the closing book of the Bible. The <i>Apocalypse</i> +unveils the future, as if to the very gaze of the seer; the whole +gospel is a <i>disclosure</i> of the mercy of God; the character of Christ +is a <i>manifestation</i> of the divine holiness and love; all Scripture is +a <i>revelation</i> of the divine will. Or we might say that nature is a +<i>manifestation</i> of the divine character and will, of which Scripture +is the fuller and more express <i>revelation</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cloud,</td><td>concealment,</td><td>mystery,</td><td>shrouding,</td></tr> +<tr><td>cloudiness,</td><td>hiding,</td><td>obscuration,</td><td>veiling.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REVENGE" id="REVENGE"></a>REVENGE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>avenging,</td><td>retaliation,</td><td>retribution,</td><td>vengeance.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4">requital,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Revenge</i> is the act of making return for an injury done to oneself +by doing injury to another person. <i>Retaliation</i> and <i>revenge</i> +are personal and often bitter. <i>Retaliation</i> may be partial; <i>revenge</i> +is meant to be complete, and may be excessive. <i>Vengeance</i>, +which once meant an indignant vindication of justice, now signifies +the most furious and unsparing <i>revenge</i>. <i>Revenge</i> emphasizes +more the personal injury in return for which it is inflicted, <i>vengeance</i> +the ill desert of those upon whom it is inflicted. A <i>requital</i> +is strictly an even return, such as to quit one of obligation for +what has been received, and even if poor or unworthy is given as +complete and adequate. <i>Avenging</i> and <i>retribution</i> give a solemn +sense of exact justice, <i>avenging</i> being more personal in its infliction, +whether by God or man, and <i>retribution</i> the impersonal visitation<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span> +of the doom of righteous law. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AVENGE">AVENGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HATRED">HATRED</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#REQUITE">REQUITE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>compassion,</td><td>forgiveness,</td><td>mercy,</td><td>pardon,</td><td>pity,</td><td>reconciliation.</td></tr> +<tr><td>excuse,</td><td colspan="5">grace,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To take revenge <i>upon</i> the enemy, <i>for</i> the injury.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="REVOLUTION" id="REVOLUTION"></a>REVOLUTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>anarchy,</td><td>insurrection,</td><td>revolt,</td></tr> +<tr><td>confusion,</td><td>lawlessness,</td><td>riot,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disintegration,</td><td>mutiny,</td><td>sedition,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disorder,</td><td rowspan="2">rebellion,</td><td rowspan="2">tumult.</td></tr> +<tr><td>insubordination,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The essential idea of <i>revolution</i> is a change in the form of government +or constitution, or a change of rulers, otherwise than as +provided by the laws of succession, election, etc.; while such +change is apt to involve armed hostilities, these make no necessary +part of the <i>revolution</i>. The <i>revolution</i> by which Dom Pedro was +dethroned, and Brazil changed from an empire to a republic, was +accomplished without a battle, and almost without a shot. <i>Anarchy</i> +refers to the condition of a state when human government +is superseded or destroyed by factions or other causes. <i>Lawlessness</i> +is a temper of mind or condition of the community which +may result in <i>anarchy</i>. <i>Confusion</i>, <i>disorder</i>, <i>riot</i>, and <i>tumult</i> are +incidental and temporary outbreaks of <i>lawlessness</i>, but may not be +<i>anarchy</i>. <i>Insubordination</i> is individual disobedience. <i>Sedition</i> +is the plotting, <i>rebellion</i> the fighting, against the existing government, +but always with the purpose of establishing some other +government in its place. When <i>rebellion</i> is successful it is called +<i>revolution</i>; but there may be <i>revolution</i> without <i>rebellion</i>; as, +the English <i>Revolution</i> of 1688. A <i>revolt</i> is an uprising against +existing authority without the comprehensive views of change in +the form or administration of government that are involved in +<i>revolution</i>. <i>Anarchy</i>, when more than temporary <i>disorder</i>, is a +proposed <i>disintegration</i> of society, in which it is imagined that +social order might exist without government. Slaves make <i>insurrection</i>; +soldiers or sailors break out in <i>mutiny</i>; subject provinces +rise in <i>revolt</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#SOCIALISM">SOCIALISM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>authority,</td><td>domination,</td><td>government,</td><td>obedience,</td><td>sovereignty,</td></tr> +<tr><td>command,</td><td>dominion,</td><td>law,</td><td>order,</td><td>submission,</td></tr> +<tr><td>control,</td><td>empire,</td><td>loyalty,</td><td>rule,</td><td>supremacy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span></p> + +<h3>REVOLVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>roll,</td><td>rotate,</td><td>turn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Any round body <i>rolls</i> which continuously touches with successive +portions of its surface successive portions of another surface; +a wagon-wheel <i>rolls</i> along the ground. To <i>rotate</i> is said of a body +that has a circular motion about its own center or axis; to <i>revolve</i> +is said of a body that moves in a curving path, as a circle or an +ellipse, about a center outside of itself, so as to return periodically +to the same relative position that it held at some previous +time. A <i>revolving</i> body may also either <i>rotate</i> or <i>roll</i> at the same +time; the earth <i>revolves</i> around the sun, and <i>rotates</i> on its own +axis; in popular usage, the earth is often said to <i>revolve</i> about its +own axis, or to have a daily "revolution," but <i>rotate</i> and "rotation" +are the more accurate terms. A cylinder over which an endless +belt is drawn is said to <i>roll</i> as regards the belt, tho it <i>rotates</i> as +regards its own axis. Any object that is in contact with or connected +with a <i>rolling</i> body is often said to <i>roll</i>; as, the car <i>rolls</i> +smoothly along the track. Objects whose motion approximates or +suggests a rotary motion along a supporting surface are also said +to <i>roll</i>; as, ocean waves <i>roll</i> in upon the shore, or the ship <i>rolls</i> in +the trough of the sea. <i>Turn</i> is a conversational and popular +word often used vaguely for <i>rotate</i> or <i>revolve</i>, or for any motion +about a fixed point, especially for a motion less than a complete +"rotation" or "revolution;" a man <i>turns</i> his head or <i>turns</i> on his +heel; the gate <i>turns</i> on its hinges.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bind,</td><td>chafe,</td><td>grind,</td><td>slide,</td><td>slip,</td><td>stand,</td><td>stick.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RIDDLE, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conundrum,</td><td>enigma,</td><td>paradox,</td><td>problem,</td><td>puzzle.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Conundrum</i>, a word of unknown origin, signifies some question +or statement in which some hidden and fanciful resemblance +is involved, the answer often depending upon a pun; an <i>enigma</i> +is a dark saying; a <i>paradox</i> is a true statement that at first +appears absurd or contradictory; a <i>problem</i> is something thrown +out for solution; <i>puzzle</i> (from <i>oppose</i>) referred originally to the +intricate arguments by which disputants opposed each other in +the old philosophic schools. The <i>riddle</i> is an ambiguous or paradoxical +statement with a hidden meaning to be guessed by the +mental acuteness of the one to whom it is proposed; the <i>riddle</i> is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> +not so petty as the <i>conundrum</i>, and may require much acuteness +for its answer; a <i>problem</i> may require simply study and scholarship, +as a <i>problem</i> in mathematics; a <i>puzzle</i> may be in something +other than verbal statement, as a dissected map or any perplexing +mechanical contrivance. Both <i>enigma</i> and <i>puzzle</i> may be applied +to any matter difficult of answer or solution, <i>enigma</i> conveying +an idea of greater dignity, <i>puzzle</i> applying to something more +commonplace and mechanical; there are many dark <i>enigmas</i> in +human life and in the course of providence; the location of a +missing object is often a <i>puzzle</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>answer,</td><td>axiom,</td><td>explanation,</td><td>proposition,</td><td>solution.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RIGHT, <span class="nbi">n.</span></h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>claim,</td><td>franchise,</td><td>liberty,</td><td>prerogative,</td></tr> +<tr><td>exemption,</td><td>immunity,</td><td>license,</td><td>privilege.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>right</i> is that which one may properly demand upon considerations +of justice, morality, equity, or of natural or positive law. A +<i>right</i> may be either general or special, natural or artificial. "Life, +liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" are the natural and inalienable +<i>rights</i> of all men; <i>rights</i> of property, inheritance, etc., are +individual and special, and often artificial, as the <i>right</i> of inheritance +by primogeniture. A <i>privilege</i> is always special, exceptional, +and artificial; it is something not enjoyed by all, or only to be +enjoyed on certain special conditions, a peculiar benefit, favor, +advantage, etc. A <i>privilege</i> may be of doing or avoiding; in the +latter case it is an <i>exemption</i> or <i>immunity</i>; as, a <i>privilege</i> of +hunting or fishing; <i>exemption</i> from military service; <i>immunity</i> +from arrest. A <i>franchise</i> is a specific <i>right</i> or <i>privilege</i> granted +by the government or established as such by governmental authority; +as, the elective <i>franchise</i>; a railroad <i>franchise</i>. A <i>prerogative</i> +is an official <i>right</i> or <i>privilege</i>, especially one inherent in the +royal or sovereign power; in a wider sense it is an exclusive and +peculiar <i>privilege</i> which one possesses by reason of being what he +is; as, reason is the <i>prerogative</i> of man; kings and nobles have +often claimed <i>prerogatives</i> and <i>privileges</i> opposed to the inherent +<i>rights</i> of the people. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DUTY">DUTY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#JUSTICE">JUSTICE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RISE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>arise,</td><td>ascend,</td><td>emanate,</td><td>flow,</td><td>issue,</td><td>proceed,</td><td>spring.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>rise</i> is to move up or upward whether slowly or quickly,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span> +whether through the least or greatest distance; the waves <i>rise</i>; +the mists <i>rise</i>; the river <i>rises</i> after heavy rains; as said of persons, +to <i>rise</i> is to come to an erect position after kneeling, sitting, reclining, +or lying down; as, to <i>rise</i> from a sick-bed; my friend <i>rose</i> +as I entered; the guests <i>rose</i> to depart; so a deliberative assembly +or a committee is said to <i>rise</i> when it breaks up a session; a sun +or star <i>rises</i> when to our apprehension it comes above the horizon +and begins to go up the sky. To <i>ascend</i> is to go far upward, and +is often used in a stately sense; as, Christ <i>ascended</i> to heaven. +The shorter form <i>rise</i> is now generally preferred to the longer +form <i>arise</i>, except in poetic or elevated style. The sun <i>rises</i> or +<i>arises</i>; the river <i>springs</i> at a bound from the foot of the glacier +and <i>flows</i> through the lands to the ocean. Smoke <i>issues</i> from a +chimney and <i>ascends</i> toward the sky. Light and heat <i>emanate</i> +from the sun.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>decline,</td><td>descend,</td><td>drop,</td><td>fall,</td><td>go down,</td><td>set,</td><td>settle,</td><td>sink.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Rise <i>from</i> slumber; rise <i>to</i> duty; rise <i>at</i> the summons; we +rose <i>with</i> the lark.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ROBBER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bandit,</td><td>depredator,</td><td>freebooter,</td><td>pirate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brigand,</td><td>despoiler,</td><td>highwayman,</td><td>plunderer,</td></tr> +<tr><td>buccaneer,</td><td>footpad,</td><td>marauder,</td><td>raider,</td></tr> +<tr><td>burglar,</td><td>forager,</td><td>pillager,</td><td>thief.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>robber</i> seeks to obtain the property of others by force or intimidation; +a <i>thief</i> by stealth and secrecy. In early English <i>thief</i> +was freely used in both senses, as in Shakespeare and the Authorized +Version of the English Bible, which has "two <i>thieves</i>" (<i>Matt.</i> +xxvii, 38), where the Revised Version more correctly substitutes +"two <i>robbers</i>."</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ROYAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>august,</td><td>kingly,</td><td>majestic,</td><td>princely,</td></tr> +<tr><td>kinglike,</td><td>magnificent,</td><td>munificent,</td><td>regal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Royal</i> denotes that which actually belongs or pertains to a +monarch; the <i>royal</i> residence is that which the king occupies, +<i>royal</i> raiment that which the king wears. <i>Regal</i> denotes that +which in outward state is appropriate for a king; a subject may +assume <i>regal</i> magnificence in residence, dress, and equipage. +<i>Kingly</i> denotes that which is worthy of a king in personal qualities,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> +especially of character and conduct; as, a <i>kingly</i> bearing; a +<i>kingly</i> resolve. <i>Princely</i> is especially used of treasure, expenditure, +gifts, etc., as <i>princely</i> munificence, a <i>princely</i> fortune, +where <i>regal</i> could not so well be used and <i>royal</i> would change the +sense. The distinctions between these words are not absolute, but +the tendency of the best usage is as here suggested.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>beggarly,</td><td>contemptible,</td><td>mean,</td><td>poor,</td><td>servile,</td><td>slavish,</td><td>vile.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>RUSTIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agricultural,</td><td>coarse,</td><td>pastoral,</td><td>uncouth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>artless,</td><td>countrified,</td><td>plain,</td><td>unpolished,</td></tr> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>country,</td><td>rude,</td><td>unsophisticated,</td></tr> +<tr><td>boorish,</td><td>hoidenish,</td><td>rural,</td><td>untaught,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bucolic,</td><td>inelegant,</td><td>sylvan,</td><td>verdant.</td></tr> +<tr><td>clownish,</td><td colspan="3">outlandish,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Rural</i> and <i>rustic</i> are alike derived from the Latin <i>rus</i>, country, +and may be alike defined as pertaining to, characteristic of, +or dwelling in the country; but in usage <i>rural</i> refers especially +to scenes or objects in the country, considered as the work of +nature; <i>rustic</i> refers to their effect upon man or to their condition +as affected by human agency; as, a <i>rural</i> scene; a <i>rustic</i> +party; a <i>rustic</i> lass. We speak, however, of the <i>rural</i> population, +<i>rural</i> simplicity, etc. <i>Rural</i> has always a favorable sense; +<i>rustic</i> frequently an unfavorable one, as denoting a lack of culture +and refinement; thus, <i>rustic</i> politeness expresses that which is +well-meant, but awkward; similar ideas are suggested by a <i>rustic</i> +feast, <i>rustic</i> garb, etc. <i>Rustic</i> is, however, often used of a studied +simplicity, an artistic rudeness, which is pleasing and perhaps +beautiful; as, a <i>rustic</i> cottage; a <i>rustic</i> chair. <i>Pastoral</i> refers +to the care of flocks, and to the shepherd's life with the pleasing +associations suggested by the old poetic ideal of that life; as, +<i>pastoral</i> poetry. <i>Bucolic</i> is kindred to <i>pastoral</i>, but is a less +elevated term, and sometimes slightly contemptuous.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplished,</td><td>cultured,</td><td>polished,</td><td>refined,</td><td>urbane,</td></tr> +<tr><td>city-like,</td><td>elegant,</td><td>polite,</td><td>urban,</td><td>well-bred.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SACRAMENT" id="SACRAMENT"></a>SACRAMENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ceremony,</td><td>eucharist,</td><td>observance,</td><td>rite,</td><td rowspan="2">solemnity.</td></tr> +<tr><td>communion,</td><td>Lord's Supper,</td><td>ordinance,</td><td>service,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Any religious act, especially a public act, viewed as a means<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> +of serving God is called a <i>service</i>; the word commonly includes +the entire series of exercises of a single occasion of public worship. +A religious <i>service</i> ordained as an outward and visible sign of an +inward and spiritual grace is called a <i>sacrament</i>. <i>Ceremony</i> is +a form expressing reverence, or at least respect; we may speak of +religious <i>ceremonies</i>, the <i>ceremonies</i> of polite society, the <i>ceremonies</i> +of a coronation, an inauguration, etc. An <i>observance</i> has +more than a formal obligation, reaching or approaching a religious +sacredness; a stated religious <i>observance</i>, viewed as established +by authority, is called an <i>ordinance</i>; viewed as an established +custom, it is a <i>rite</i>. The terms <i>sacrament</i> and <i>ordinance</i>, +in the religious sense, are often used interchangeably; the <i>ordinance</i> +derives its sacredness from the authority that ordained it, +while the <i>sacrament</i> possesses a sacredness due to something in +itself, even when viewed simply as a representation or memorial. +The Lord's Supper is the Scriptural name for the <i>observance</i> commemorating +the death of Christ; the word <i>communion</i> is once +applied to it (<i>1 Cor.</i> x, 16), but not as a distinctive name; at an +early period, however, the name <i>communion</i> was so applied, as +denoting the communing of Christians with their Lord, or with +one another. The term <i>eucharist</i> describes the Lord's Supper as a +thanksgiving <i>service</i>; it is also called by preeminence <i>the sacrament</i>, +as the ratifying of a solemn vow of consecration to Christ.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SAGACIOUS" id="SAGACIOUS"></a>SAGACIOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>able,</td><td>intelligent,</td><td>perspicacious,</td><td>sensible,</td></tr> +<tr><td>acute,</td><td>keen,</td><td>quick of scent,</td><td>sharp,</td></tr> +<tr><td>apt,</td><td>keen-sighted,</td><td>quick-scented,</td><td>sharp-witted,</td></tr> +<tr><td>clear-sighted,</td><td>keen-witted,</td><td>rational,</td><td>shrewd,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discerning,</td><td>judicious,</td><td>sage,</td><td>wise.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sagacious</i> refers to a power of tracing the hidden or recondite +by slight indications, as by instinct or intuition; it is not now applied +to mere keenness of sense-perception. We do not call a +hound <i>sagacious</i> in following a clear trail; but if he loses the +scent, as at the edge of a stream, and circles around till he strikes +it again, his conduct is said to be <i>sagacious</i>. In human affairs +<i>sagacious</i> refers to a power of ready, far-reaching, and accurate +inference from observed facts perhaps in themselves very slight, +that seems like a special sense; or to a similar readiness to foresee +the results of any action, especially upon human motives or conduct—a +kind of prophetic common sense. <i>Sagacious</i> is a broader<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span> +and nobler word than <i>shrewd</i>, and not capable of the invidious +sense which the latter word often bears; on the other hand, <i>sagacious</i> +is less lofty and comprehensive than <i>wise</i> in its full sense, +and more limited to matters of direct practical moment. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ASTUTE">ASTUTE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#WISDOM">WISDOM</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absurd,</td><td>foolish,</td><td>ignorant,</td><td>obtuse,</td><td>silly,</td><td>sottish,</td><td>undiscerning,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>futile,</td><td>irrational,</td><td>senseless,</td><td>simple,</td><td>stupid,</td><td>unintelligent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SALE" id="SALE"></a>SALE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bargain,</td><td>barter,</td><td>change,</td><td>deal,</td><td>exchange,</td><td>trade.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>bargain</i> is strictly an agreement or contract to buy and sell, +tho the word is often used to denote the entire transaction and also +as a designation for the thing sold or purchased. <i>Change</i> and +<i>exchange</i> are words of wider signification, applying only incidentally +to the transfer of property or value; a <i>change</i> secures something +different in any way or by any means; an <i>exchange</i> secures +something as an equivalent or return, tho not necessarily as payment +for what is given. <i>Barter</i> is the <i>exchange</i> of one commodity +for another, the word being used generally with reference to portable +commodities. <i>Trade</i> in the broad sense may apply to vast +businesses (as the book-<i>trade</i>), but as denoting a single transaction +is used chiefly in regard to things of moderate value, when it +becomes nearly synonymous with <i>barter</i>. <i>Sale</i> is commonly, and +with increasing strictness, limited to the transfer of property for +money, or for something estimated at a money value or considered +as equivalent to so much money in hand or to be paid. A <i>deal</i> +in the political sense is a <i>bargain</i>, substitution, or transfer for the +benefit of certain persons or parties against all others; as, the +nomination was the result of a <i>deal</i>; in business it may have a +similar meaning, but it frequently signifies simply a <i>sale</i> or <i>exchange</i>, +a dealing; as, a heavy <i>deal</i> in stocks.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SAMPLE" id="SAMPLE"></a>SAMPLE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>case,</td><td>exemplification,</td><td>instance,</td></tr> +<tr><td>example,</td><td>illustration,</td><td>specimen.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>sample</i> is a portion taken at random out of a quantity supposed +to be homogeneous, so that the qualities found in the <i>sample</i> +may reasonably be expected to be found in the whole; as, a <i>sample</i> +of sugar; a <i>sample</i> of cloth. A <i>specimen</i> is one unit of a series,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> +or a fragment of a mass, all of which is supposed to possess the +same essential qualities; as, a <i>specimen</i> of coinage, or of architecture, +or a <i>specimen</i> of quartz. No other unit or portion may be +exactly like the <i>specimen</i>, while all the rest is supposed to be exactly +like the <i>sample</i>. An <i>instance</i> is a <i>sample</i> or <i>specimen</i> of +action. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abnormality,</td><td>aggregate,</td><td>exception,</td><td>monstrosity,</td><td>total,</td><td>whole.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SATISFY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cloy,</td><td>fill,</td><td>sate,</td><td>suffice,</td></tr> +<tr><td>content,</td><td>glut,</td><td>satiate,</td><td>surfeit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>satisfy</i> is to furnish just enough to meet physical, mental, +or spiritual desire. To <i>sate</i> or <i>satiate</i> is to gratify desire so +fully as for a time to extinguish it. To <i>cloy</i> or <i>surfeit</i> is to +gratify to the point of revulsion or disgust. <i>Glut</i> is a strong +but somewhat coarse word applied to the utmost satisfaction of +vehement appetites and passions; as, to <i>glut</i> a vengeful spirit +with slaughter; we speak of <i>glutting</i> the market with a supply +so excessive as to extinguish the demand. Much less than is +needed to <i>satisfy</i> may <i>suffice</i> a frugal or abstemious person; +less than a sufficiency may <i>content</i> one of a patient and submissive +spirit. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PAY_n">PAY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#REQUITE">REQUITE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>check,</td><td>disappoint,</td><td>restrain,</td><td>starve,</td><td>straiten,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deny,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>restrict,</td><td>stint,</td><td>tantalize.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Satisfy <i>with</i> food, <i>with</i> gifts, etc.; satisfy one (in the sense +of make satisfaction) <i>for</i> labors and sacrifices; satisfy oneself <i>by</i> +or <i>upon</i> inquiry.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SCHOLAR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disciple,</td><td>learner,</td><td>pupil,</td><td>savant,</td><td>student.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The primary sense of a <i>scholar</i> is one who is being schooled; +thence the word passes to denote one who is apt in school work, +and finally one who is thoroughly schooled, master of what the +schools can teach, an erudite, accomplished person: when used +without qualification, the word is generally understood in this latter +sense; as, he is manifestly a <i>scholar</i>. <i>Pupil</i> signifies one +under the close personal supervision or instruction of a teacher or +tutor. Those under instruction in schools below the academic<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span> +grade are technically and officially termed <i>pupils</i>. The word +<i>pupil</i> is uniformly so used in the Reports of the Commissioner of +Education of the United States, but popular American usage prefers +<i>scholar</i> in the original sense; as, teachers and <i>scholars</i> enjoyed +a holiday. Those under instruction in Sunday-schools are +uniformly designated as Sunday-school <i>scholars</i>. <i>Student</i> is applied +to those in the higher grades or courses of study, as the academic, +collegiate, scientific, etc. <i>Student</i> suggests less proficiency +than <i>scholar</i> in the highest sense, the <i>student</i> being one who is +learning, the <i>scholar</i> one who has learned. On the other hand, +<i>student</i> suggests less of personal supervision than <i>pupil</i>; thus, the +college <i>student</i> often becomes the private <i>pupil</i> of some instructor +in special studies. For <i>disciple</i>, etc., compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ADHERENT">ADHERENT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dunce,</td><td>fool,</td><td>idiot,</td><td>idler,</td><td>ignoramus,</td><td>illiterate person.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SCIENCE" id="SCIENCE"></a>SCIENCE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>art,</td><td>knowledge.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Knowledge</i> of a single fact, not known as related to any other, +or of many facts not known as having any mutual relations or as +comprehended under any general law, does not reach the meaning +of <i>science</i>; <i>science</i> is <i>knowledge</i> reduced to law and embodied +in system. The <i>knowledge</i> of various countries gathered by an +observant traveler may be a heterogeneous medley of facts, which +gain real value only when coordinated and arranged by the man of +<i>science</i>. <i>Art</i> always relates to something to be done, <i>science</i> to +something to be known. Not only must <i>art</i> be discriminated +from <i>science</i>, but <i>art</i> in the industrial or mechanical sense must +be distinguished from <i>art</i> in the esthetic sense; the former aims +chiefly at utility, the latter at beauty. The mechanic <i>arts</i> are the +province of the artisan, the esthetic or fine <i>arts</i> are the province +of the artist; all the industrial <i>arts</i>, as of weaving or printing, +arithmetic or navigation, are governed by exact rules. <i>Art</i> in +the highest esthetic sense, while it makes use of rules, transcends +all rule; no rules can be given for the production of a painting +like Raffael's "Transfiguration," a statue like the Apollo Belvedere, +or a poem like the Iliad. <i>Science</i> does not, like the +mechanic <i>arts</i>, make production its direct aim, yet its possible +productive application in the <i>arts</i> is a constant stimulus to scientific<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> +investigation; the <i>science</i>, as in the case of chemistry or electricity, +is urged on to higher development by the demands of the +<i>art</i>, while the <i>art</i> is perfected by the advance of the <i>science</i>. +Creative <i>art</i> seeking beauty for its own sake is closely akin to +pure <i>science</i> seeking <i>knowledge</i> for its own sake. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#KNOWLEDGE">KNOWLEDGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LITERATURE">LITERATURE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SECURITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bail,</td><td>earnest,</td><td>gage,</td><td>pledge,</td><td>surety.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The first four words agree in denoting something given or deposited +as an assurance of something to be given, paid, or done. +An <i>earnest</i> is of the same kind as that to be given, a portion of it +delivered in advance, as when part of the purchase-money is paid, +according to the common expression, "to bind the bargain." A +<i>pledge</i> or <i>security</i> may be wholly different in kind from that to be +given or paid, and may greatly exceed it in value. <i>Security</i> may +be of real or personal property—anything of sufficient value to +make the creditor secure; a <i>pledge</i> is always of personal property +or chattels. Every pawnshop contains unredeemed <i>pledges</i>; +land, merchandise, bonds, etc., are frequently offered and accepted +as <i>security</i>. A person may become <i>security</i> or <i>surety</i> for another's +payment of a debt, appearance in court, etc.; in the latter case, he +is said to become <i>bail</i> for that person; the person accused gives +<i>bail</i> for himself. <i>Gage</i> survives only as a literary word, chiefly +in certain phrases; as, "the <i>gage</i> of battle."</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Security <i>for</i> the payment of a debt; security <i>to</i> the state, <i>for</i> +the prisoner, <i>in</i> the sum of a thousand dollars.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SELF-ABNEGATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>self-control,</td><td>self-devotion,</td><td>self-renunciation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>self-denial,</td><td>self-immolation,</td><td>self-sacrifice.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Self-control</i> is holding oneself within due limits in pleasures +and duties, as in all things else; <i>self-denial</i>, the giving up of +pleasures for the sake of duty. <i>Self-renunciation</i> surrenders conscious +rights and claims; <i>self-abnegation</i> forgets that there is +anything to surrender. There have been devotees who practised +very little <i>self-denial</i> with very much <i>self-renunciation</i>. A +mother will care for a sick child with complete <i>self-abnegation</i>, +but without a thought of <i>self-denial</i>. <i>Self-devotion</i> is heart-consecration<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> +of self to a person or cause with readiness for any needed +sacrifice. <i>Self-sacrifice</i> is the strongest and completest term of +all, and contemplates the gift of self as actually made. We speak +of the <i>self-sacrifice</i> of Christ, where any other of the above terms +would be feeble or inappropriate.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>self-gratification,</td><td>self-indulgence,</td><td>selfishness,</td><td>self-seeking,</td><td>self-will.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SEND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cast,</td><td>despatch,</td><td>emit,</td><td>impel,</td><td>propel,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dart,</td><td>discharge,</td><td>fling,</td><td>lance,</td><td>sling,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delegate,</td><td>dismiss,</td><td>forward,</td><td>launch,</td><td>throw,</td></tr> +<tr><td>depute,</td><td>drive,</td><td>hurl,</td><td>project,</td><td>transmit.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>send</i> is to cause to go or pass from one place to another, and +always in fact or thought away from the agent or agency that controls +the act. <i>Send</i> in its most common use involves personal +agency without personal presence; according to the adage, "If +you want your business done, go; if not, <i>send</i>;" one <i>sends</i> a letter +or a bullet, a messenger or a message. In all the derived uses +this same idea controls; if one <i>sends</i> a ball into his own heart, the +action is away from the directing hand, and he is viewed as the +passive recipient of his own act; it is with an approach to personification +that we speak of the bow <i>sending</i> the arrow, or the gun +the shot. To <i>despatch</i> is to <i>send</i> hastily or very promptly, ordinarily +with a destination in view; to <i>dismiss</i> is to <i>send</i> away from +oneself without reference to a destination; as, to <i>dismiss</i> a clerk, +an application, or an annoying subject. To <i>discharge</i> is to <i>send</i> +away so as to relieve a person or thing of a load; we <i>discharge</i> a +gun or <i>discharge</i> the contents; as applied to persons, <i>discharge</i> is +a harsher term than <i>dismiss</i>. To <i>emit</i> is to <i>send</i> forth from within, +with no reference to a destination; as, the sun <i>emits</i> light and +heat. <i>Transmit</i>, from the Latin, is a dignified term, often less +vigorous than the Saxon <i>send</i>, but preferable at times in literary +or scientific use; as, to <i>transmit</i> the crown, or the feud, from generation +to generation; to <i>transmit</i> a charge of electricity. <i>Transmit</i> +fixes the attention more on the intervening agency, as <i>send</i> +does upon the points of departure and destination.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bring,</td><td>convey,</td><td>give,</td><td>hold,</td><td>receive,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carry,</td><td>get,</td><td>hand,</td><td>keep,</td><td>retain.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>To send <i>from</i> the hand <i>to</i> or <i>toward</i> (rarely <i>at</i>) a mark; send<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> +<i>to</i> a friend <i>by</i> a messenger or <i>by</i> mail; send a person <i>into</i> banishment; +send a shell <i>among</i> the enemy.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SENSATION" id="SENSATION"></a>SENSATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>emotion,</td><td>feeling,</td><td>perception,</td><td>sense.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sensation</i> is the mind's consciousness due to a bodily affection, +as of heat or cold; <i>perception</i> is the cognition of some external +object which is the cause or occasion of the <i>sensation</i>; the <i>sensation</i> +of heat may be connected with the <i>perception</i> of a fire. While +<i>sensations</i> are connected with the body, <i>emotions</i>, as joy, grief, +etc., are wholly of the mind. "As the most of them [the <i>sensations</i>] +are positively agreeable or the opposite, they are nearly akin +to those <i>emotions</i>, as hope or terror, or those passions, as anger +and envy, which are acknowledged by all to belong exclusively to +the spirit, and to involve no relation whatever to matter or the +bodily organism. Such <i>feelings</i> are not infrequently styled <i>sensations</i>, +though improperly." <span class="smc">Porter</span> <i>Human Intellect</i> § 112, p. +128. [<span class="smcl">S.</span> '90.] <i>Feeling</i> is a general term popularly denoting what +is felt, whether through the body or by the mind alone, and includes +both <i>sensation</i> and <i>emotion</i>. A <i>sense</i> is an organ or faculty +of <i>sensation</i> or of <i>perception</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SENSIBILITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>feeling,</td><td>impressibility,</td><td>sensitiveness,</td><td>susceptibility.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sensibility</i> in the philosophical sense, denotes the capacity of +emotion or feeling, as distinguished from the intellect and the +will. (Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#SENSATION">SENSATION</a></span>.) In popular use <i>sensibility</i> +denotes sometimes capacity of feeling of any kind; as, <i>sensibility</i> +to heat or cold; sometimes, a peculiar readiness to be the +subject of feeling, especially of the higher feelings; as, the <i>sensibility</i> +of the artist or the poet; a person of great or fine <i>sensibility</i>. +<i>Sensitiveness</i> denotes an especial delicacy of <i>sensibility</i>, ready to +be excited by the slightest cause, as displayed, for instance, in the +"sensitive-plant." <i>Susceptibility</i> is rather a capacity to take up, +receive, and, as it were, to contain feeling, so that a person of great +<i>susceptibility</i> is capable of being not only readily but deeply +moved; <i>sensitiveness</i> is more superficial, <i>susceptibility</i> more pervading. +Thus, in physics, the <i>sensitiveness</i> of a magnetic needle +is the ease with which it may be deflected, as by another magnet; +its <i>susceptibility</i> is the degree to which it can be magnetized by a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span> +given magnetic force or the amount of magnetism it will hold. So +a person of great <i>sensitiveness</i> is quickly and keenly affected by +any external influence, as by music, pathos, or ridicule, while a +person of great <i>susceptibility</i> is not only touched, but moved to +his inmost soul.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>coldness,</td><td>deadness,</td><td>hardness,</td><td>insensibility,</td><td>numbness,</td><td>unconsciousness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The sensibility <i>of</i> the organism <i>to</i> atmospheric changes.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SEVERE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>austere,</td><td>inflexible,</td><td>rigorous,</td><td>uncompromising,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hard,</td><td>morose,</td><td>stern,</td><td>unmitigated,</td></tr> +<tr><td>harsh,</td><td>relentless,</td><td>stiff,</td><td>unrelenting,</td></tr> +<tr><td>inexorable,</td><td>rigid,</td><td>strict,</td><td>unyielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>severe</i> which is devoid of all softness, mildness, tenderness, +indulgence or levity, or (in literature and art) devoid of unnecessary +ornament, amplification, or embellishment of any kind; as, +a <i>severe</i> style; as said of anything painful, <i>severe</i> signifies such as +heavily taxes endurance or resisting power; as, a <i>severe</i> pain, +fever, or winter. <i>Rigid</i> signifies primarily <i>stiff</i>, resisting any effort +to change its shape; a corpse is said to be <i>rigid</i> in death; hence, +in metaphorical sense, a <i>rigid</i> person or character is one that resists +all efforts to change the will or course of conduct; a <i>rigid</i> rule or +statement is one that admits of no deviation. <i>Rigorous</i> is nearly +akin to <i>rigid</i>, but is a stronger word, having reference to action or +active qualities, as <i>rigid</i> does to state or character; a <i>rigid</i> rule +may be <i>rigorously</i> enforced. <i>Strict</i> (L. <i>stringo</i>, bind) signifies +bound or stretched tight, tense, strenuously exact. <i>Stern</i> unites +harshness and authority with strictness or severity; <i>stern</i>, as said +even of inanimate objects, suggests something authoritative or +forbidding. <i>Austere</i> signifies severely simple or temperate, <i>strict</i> +in self-restraint or discipline, and similarly <i>unrelenting</i> toward +others. We speak of <i>austere</i> morality, <i>rigid</i> rules, <i>rigorous</i> discipline, +<i>stern</i> commands, <i>severe</i> punishment, <i>harsh</i> speech or a +<i>harsh</i> voice, <i>hard</i> requirements, <i>strict</i> injunctions, and <i>strict</i> obedience. +<i>Strict</i> discipline holds one exactly and unflinchingly to +the rule; <i>rigorous</i> discipline punishes severely any infraction of +it. The <i>austere</i> character is seldom lovely, but it is always strong +and may be grand, commanding, and estimable.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affable,</td><td>easy,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>lenient,</td><td>pliable,</td><td>sweet,</td><td>tractable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bland,</td><td>genial,</td><td>indulgent,</td><td>mild,</td><td>soft,</td><td>tender,</td><td>yielding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="SHAKE" id="SHAKE"></a>SHAKE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitate,</td><td>jar,</td><td>quake,</td><td>shiver,</td><td>totter,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brandish,</td><td>joggle,</td><td>quaver,</td><td>shudder,</td><td>tremble,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flap,</td><td>jolt,</td><td>quiver,</td><td>sway,</td><td>vibrate,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fluctuate,</td><td>jounce,</td><td>reel,</td><td>swing,</td><td>wave,</td></tr> +<tr><td>flutter,</td><td>oscillate,</td><td>rock,</td><td>thrill,</td><td>waver.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A thing is <i>shaken</i> which is subjected to short and abruptly +checked movements, as forward and backward, up and down, +from side to side, etc. A tree is "<i>shaken</i> with a mighty wind;" +a man slowly <i>shakes</i> his head. A thing <i>rocks</i> that is sustained +from below; it <i>swings</i> if suspended from above, as a pendulum, or +pivoted at the side, as a crane or a bridge-draw; to <i>oscillate</i> is to +<i>swing</i> with a smooth and regular returning motion; a <i>vibrating</i> +motion may be tremulous or <i>jarring</i>. The pendulum of a clock +may be said to <i>swing</i>, <i>vibrate</i>, or <i>oscillate</i>; a steel bridge <i>vibrates</i> +under the passage of a heavy train; the term <i>vibrate</i> is also applied +to molecular movements. <i>Jolting</i> is a lifting from and letting +down suddenly upon an unyielding surface; as, a carriage +<i>jolts</i> over a rough road. A <i>jarring</i> motion is abruptly and very +rapidly repeated through an exceedingly limited space; the <i>jolting</i> +of the carriage <i>jars</i> the windows. <i>Rattling</i> refers directly to the +sound produced by <i>shaking</i>. To <i>joggle</i> is to <i>shake</i> slightly; as, a +passing touch <i>joggles</i> the desk on which one is writing. A thing +<i>trembles</i> that <i>shakes</i> perceptibly and with an appearance of uncertainty +and instability, as a person under the influence of fear; a +thing <i>shivers</i> when all its particles are stirred with a slight but +pervading tremulous motion, as a human body under the influence +of cold; <i>shuddering</i> is a more pronounced movement of a similar +kind, in human beings often the effect of emotional or moral +recoil; hence, the word is applied by extension to such feelings +even when they have no such outward manifestation; as, one says, +"I <i>shudder</i> at the thought." To <i>quiver</i> is to have slight and often +spasmodic contractile motions, as the flesh under the surgeon's +knife. <i>Thrill</i> is applied to a pervasive movement felt rather than +seen; as, the nerves <i>thrill</i> with delight; <i>quiver</i> is similarly used, +but suggests somewhat more of outward manifestation. To <i>agitate</i> +in its literal use is nearly the same as to <i>shake</i>, tho we speak +of the sea as <i>agitated</i> when we could not say it is <i>shaken</i>; the +Latin <i>agitate</i> is preferred in scientific or technical use to the Saxon +<i>shake</i>, and especially as applied to the action of mechanical contrivances; +in the metaphorical use <i>agitate</i> is more transitory and +superficial, <i>shake</i> more fundamental and enduring; a person's<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span> +feelings are <i>agitated</i> by distressing news; his courage, his faith, +his credit, or his testimony is <i>shaken</i>. <i>Sway</i> applies to the movement +of a body suspended from above or not firmly sustained from +below, and the motion of which is less pronounced than <i>swinging</i>, +smoother than <i>vibrating</i>, and not necessarily constant as <i>oscillating</i>; +as, the <i>swaying</i> of a reed in the wind. <i>Sway</i> used transitively +especially applies to motions of grace or dignity; <i>brandish</i> +denotes a threatening or hostile motion; a monarch <i>sways</i> the +scepter; the ruffian <i>brandishes</i> a club. To <i>reel</i> or <i>totter</i> always +implies liability to fall; <i>reeling</i> is more violent than <i>swaying</i>, <i>tottering</i> +more irregular; a drunken man <i>reels</i>; we speak of the <i>tottering</i> +step of age or infancy. An extended mass which seems to +lack solidity or cohesion is said to <i>quake</i>; as, a <i>quaking</i> bog. +<i>Quaver</i> is applied almost exclusively to tremulous sounds of the +human voice. <i>Flap</i>, <i>flutter</i>, and <i>fluctuate</i> refer to wave-like +movements, <i>flap</i> generally to such as produce a sharp sound; a +cock <i>flaps</i> his wings; <i>flutter</i> applies to a less pronounced and more +irregular motion; a captive bird or a feeble pulse <i>flutters</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#FLUCTUATE">FLUCTUATE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SHELTER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cover,</td><td>guard,</td><td>protect,</td><td>shield,</td></tr> +<tr><td>defend,</td><td>harbor,</td><td>screen,</td><td>ward.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Anything is <i>covered</i> over which something is completely +extended; a vessel is <i>covered</i> with a lid; the head is <i>covered</i> with +a hat. That which <i>covers</i> may also <i>defend</i> or <i>protect</i>; thus, troops +interposed between some portion of their own army and the enemy +are often called a <i>covering</i> party. To <i>shelter</i> is to <i>cover</i> so as to +<i>protect</i> from injury or annoyance; as, the roof <i>shelters</i> from the +storm; woods <i>shelter</i> from the heat. To <i>defend</i> (L. <i>defendere</i>, +to strike away) implies the actual, <i>protect</i> (L. <i>protegere</i>, to +cover before) implies the possible use of force or resisting power; +<i>guard</i> implies sustained vigilance with readiness for conflict; we +<i>defend</i> a person or thing against actual attack; we <i>guard</i> or <i>protect</i> +against possible assault or injury. A powerful person may +<i>protect</i> one who is weak by simply declaring himself his friend; +he <i>defends</i> him by some form of active championship. An inanimate +object may <i>protect</i>, as a garment from cold; <i>defend</i> is used +but rarely, and by somewhat violent metaphor, in such connection. +<i>Protect</i> is more complete than <i>guard</i> or <i>defend</i>; an object +may be faithfully <i>guarded</i> or bravely <i>defended</i> in vain, but that +which is <i>protected</i> is secure. To <i>shield</i> is to interpose something<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span> +over or before that which is assailed, so as to save from harm, and +has a comparatively passive sense; one may <i>guard</i> another by +standing armed at his side, <i>defend</i> him by fighting for him, or +<i>shield</i> him from a missile or a blow by interposing his own person. +<i>Harbor</i> is generally used in an unfavorable sense; confederates or +sympathizers <i>harbor</i> a criminal; a person <i>harbors</i> evil thoughts +or designs. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHERISH">CHERISH</a></span>. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#HIDE">HIDE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEFENSE">DEFENSE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>betray,</td><td>cast out,</td><td>expel,</td><td>expose,</td><td>give up,</td><td>refuse,</td><td>reject,</td><td>surrender.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Shelter <i>under</i> a roof <i>from</i> the storm; <i>in</i> the fortress, <i>behind</i> +or <i>within</i> the walls, <i>from</i> attack.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SIGN" id="SIGN"></a>SIGN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>emblem,</td><td>mark,</td><td>presage,</td><td>symbol,</td><td>token,</td></tr> +<tr><td>indication,</td><td>note,</td><td>prognostic,</td><td>symptom,</td><td>type.</td></tr> +<tr><td>manifestation,</td><td>omen,</td><td colspan="3">signal,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>sign</i> (L. <i>signum</i>) is any distinctive <i>mark</i> by which a thing +may be recognized or its presence known, and may be intentional +or accidental, natural or artificial, suggestive, descriptive, or wholly +arbitrary; thus, a blush may be a <i>sign</i> of shame; the footprint of +an animal is a <i>sign</i> that it has passed; the <i>sign</i> of a business +house now usually declares what is done or kept within, but formerly +might be an object having no connection with the business, +as "the <i>sign</i> of the trout;" the letters of the alphabet are +<i>signs</i> of certain sounds. While a <i>sign</i> may be involuntary, and +even unconscious, a <i>signal</i> is always voluntary, and is usually +concerted; a ship may show <i>signs</i> of distress to the casual observer, +but <i>signals</i> of distress are a distinct appeal for aid. A +<i>symptom</i> is a vital phenomenon resulting from a diseased condition; +in medical language a <i>sign</i> is an <i>indication</i> of any physical +condition, whether morbid or healthy; thus, a hot skin and rapid +pulse are <i>symptoms</i> of pneumonia; dulness of some portion of the +lungs under percussion is one of the physical <i>signs</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#AUGUR">AUGUR</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARACTERISTIC">CHARACTERISTIC</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#EMBLEM">EMBLEM</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SIN" id="SIN"></a>SIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>crime,</td><td>fault,</td><td>misdeed,</td><td>vice,</td></tr> +<tr><td>criminality,</td><td>guilt,</td><td>offense,</td><td>viciousness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delinquency,</td><td>ill-doing,</td><td>transgression,</td><td>wickedness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>depravity,</td><td>immorality,</td><td>ungodliness,</td><td>wrong,</td></tr> +<tr><td>evil,</td><td>iniquity,</td><td>unrighteousness,</td><td>wrong-doing.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sin</i> is any lack of holiness, any defect of moral purity and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> +truth, whether in heart or life, whether of commission or omission. +"All <i>unrighteousness</i> is <i>sin</i>," <i>1 John</i> v, 17. <i>Transgression</i>, as its +etymology indicates, is the stepping over a specific enactment, +whether of God or man, ordinarily by overt act, but in the broadest +sense, in volition or desire. <i>Sin</i> may be either act or state; +<i>transgression</i> is always an act, mental or physical. <i>Crime</i> is often +used for a flagrant violation of right, but in the technical sense +denotes specific violation of human law. <i>Guilt</i> is desert of and +exposure to punishment because of <i>sin</i>. <i>Depravity</i> denotes not any +action, but a perverted moral condition from which any act of <i>sin</i> +may proceed. <i>Sin</i> in the generic sense, as denoting a state of +heart, is synonymous with <i>depravity</i>; in the specific sense, as in +the expression a <i>sin</i>, the term may be synonymous with <i>transgression</i>, +<i>crime</i>, <i>offense</i>, <i>misdeed</i>, etc., or may denote some moral +activity that could not be characterized by terms so positive. <i>Immorality</i> +denotes outward violation of the moral law. <i>Sin</i> is thus +the broadest word, and <i>immorality</i> next in scope; all <i>crimes</i>, +properly so called, and all <i>immoralities</i>, are <i>sins</i>; but there may +be <i>sin</i>, as ingratitude, which is neither <i>crime</i>, <i>transgression</i>, nor +<i>immorality</i>; and there may be <i>immorality</i> which is not <i>crime</i>, as +falsehood. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CRIMINAL">CRIMINAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blamelessness,</td><td>goodness,</td><td>integrity,</td><td>rectitude,</td><td>sinlessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>excellence,</td><td>holiness,</td><td>morality,</td><td>right,</td><td>uprightness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>godliness,</td><td>innocence,</td><td>purity,</td><td>righteousness,</td><td>virtue.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#VIRTUE">VIRTUE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SING.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>carol,</td><td>chant,</td><td>chirp,</td><td>chirrup,</td><td>hum,</td><td>warble.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>sing</i> is primarily and ordinarily to utter a succession of +articulate musical sounds with the human voice. The word has +come to include any succession of musical sounds; we say the +bird or the rivulet <i>sings</i>; we speak of "the <i>singing</i> quality" of an +instrument, and by still wider extension of meaning we say the +teakettle or the cricket <i>sings</i>. To <i>chant</i> is to <i>sing</i> in solemn and +somewhat uniform cadence; <i>chant</i> is ordinarily applied to non-metrical +religious compositions. To <i>carol</i> is to <i>sing</i> joyously, and +to <i>warble</i> (kindred with <i>whirl</i>) is to <i>sing</i> with trills or quavers, +usually also with the idea of joy. <i>Carol</i> and <i>warble</i> are especially +applied to the <i>singing</i> of birds. To <i>chirp</i> is to utter a brief musical +sound, perhaps often repeated in the same key, as by certain<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> +small birds, insects, etc. To <i>chirrup</i> is to utter a somewhat similar +sound; the word is often used of a brief, sharp sound uttered +as a signal to animate or rouse a horse or other animal. To <i>hum</i> +is to utter murmuring sounds with somewhat monotonous musical +cadence, usually with closed lips; we speak also of the <i>hum</i> of +machinery, etc.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SKEPTIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agnostic,</td><td>deist,</td><td>doubter,</td><td rowspan="2">infidel,</td><td rowspan="2">unbeliever.</td></tr> +<tr><td>atheist,</td><td>disbeliever,</td><td>freethinker,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>skeptic</i> doubts divine revelation; the <i>disbeliever</i> and the +<i>unbeliever</i> reject it, the <i>disbeliever</i> with more of intellectual dissent, +the <i>unbeliever</i> (in the common acceptation) with indifference +or with opposition of heart as well as of intellect. <i>Infidel</i> is an +opprobrious term that might once almost have been said to be +geographical in its range. The Crusaders called all Mohammedans +<i>infidels</i>, and were so called by them in return; the word is commonly +applied to any decided opponent of an accepted religion. +The <i>atheist</i> denies that there is a God; the <i>deist</i> admits the existence +of God, but denies that the Christian Scriptures are a revelation +from him; the <i>agnostic</i> denies either that we do know +or that we can know whether there is a God.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>believer,</td><td>Christian.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SKETCH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brief,</td><td>draft,</td><td>outline,</td><td>plan,</td></tr> +<tr><td>design,</td><td>drawing,</td><td>picture,</td><td>skeleton.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>sketch</i> is a rough, suggestive presentation of anything, +whether graphic or literary, commonly intended to be preliminary<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span> +to a more complete or extended treatment. An <i>outline</i> gives only +the bounding or determining lines of a figure or a scene; a <i>sketch</i> +may give not only lines, but shading and color, but is hasty and +incomplete. The lines of a <i>sketch</i> are seldom so full and continuous +as those of an <i>outline</i>, being, like the shading or color, little +more than indications or suggestions according to which a finished +<i>picture</i> may be made; the artist's first representation of a sunset, +the hues of which change so rapidly, must of necessity be a <i>sketch</i>. +<i>Draft</i> and <i>plan</i> apply especially to mechanical drawing, of which +<i>outline</i>, <i>sketch</i>, and <i>drawing</i> are also used; a <i>plan</i> is strictly a +view from above, as of a building or machine, giving the lines of +a horizontal section, originally at the level of the ground, now in +a wider sense at any height; as, a <i>plan</i> of the cellar; a <i>plan</i> of +the attic. A mechanical <i>drawing</i> is always understood to be in +full detail; a <i>draft</i> is an incomplete or unfinished <i>drawing</i>; a +<i>design</i> is such a preliminary <i>sketch</i> as indicates the object to be +accomplished or the result to be attained, and is understood to be +original. One may make a <i>drawing</i> of any well-known mechanism, +or a <i>drawing</i> from another man's <i>design</i>; but if he says, "The +<i>design</i> is mine," he claims it as his own invention or composition. +In written composition an <i>outline</i> gives simply the main +divisions, and in the case of a sermon is often called a <i>skeleton</i>; a +somewhat fuller suggestion of illustration, treatment, and style is +given in a <i>sketch</i>. A lawyer's <i>brief</i> is a succinct statement of the +main facts involved in a case, and of the main heads of his argument +on points of law, with reference to authorities cited; the +<i>brief</i> has none of the vagueness of a <i>sketch</i>, being sufficiently exact +and complete to form, on occasion, the basis for the decision of +the court without oral argument, when the case is said to be "submitted +on <i>brief</i>." Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DESIGN">DESIGN</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SKILFUL" id="SKILFUL"></a>SKILFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplished,</td><td>apt,</td><td>dexterous,</td><td>happy,</td><td>proficient,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adept,</td><td>clever,</td><td>expert,</td><td>ingenious,</td><td>skilled,</td></tr> +<tr><td>adroit,</td><td>deft,</td><td>handy,</td><td>practised,</td><td>trained.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Skilful</i> signifies possessing and using readily practical knowledge +and ability, having alert and well-trained faculties with reference +to a given work. One is <i>adept</i> in that for which he has a +natural gift improved by practise; he is <i>expert</i> in that of which +training, experience, and study have given him a thorough mastery; +he is <i>dexterous</i> in that which he can do effectively, with or +without training, especially in work of the hand or bodily activities. +In the case of the noun, "an expert" denotes one who is +"experienced" in the fullest sense, a master of his branch of knowledge. +A <i>skilled</i> workman is one who has thoroughly learned his +trade, though he may be naturally quite dull; a <i>skilful</i> workman +has some natural brightness, ability, and power of adaptation, in +addition to his acquired knowledge and dexterity. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CLEVER">CLEVER</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEXTERITY">DEXTERITY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#POWER">POWER</a></span>.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span></p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>awkward,</td><td>clumsy,</td><td>inexpert,</td><td>shiftless,</td><td>unskilled,</td><td rowspan="2">untrained.</td></tr> +<tr><td>bungling,</td><td>helpless,</td><td>maladroit,</td><td>unhandy,</td><td>untaught,</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Skilful <i>at</i> or <i>in</i> a work, <i>with</i> a pen or tool of any kind.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SLANDER" id="SLANDER"></a>SLANDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>asperse,</td><td>decry,</td><td>disparage,</td><td>revile,</td></tr> +<tr><td>backbite,</td><td>defame,</td><td>libel,</td><td>traduce,</td></tr> +<tr><td>calumniate,</td><td>depreciate,</td><td>malign,</td><td>vilify.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>slander</i> a person is to utter a false and injurious report concerning +him; to <i>defame</i> is specifically and directly to attack one's +reputation; to <i>defame</i> by spoken words is to <i>slander</i>, by written +words, to <i>libel</i>. To <i>asperse</i> is, as it were, to bespatter +with injurious charges; to <i>malign</i> is to circulate studied and +malicious attacks upon character; to <i>traduce</i> is to exhibit one's +real or assumed traits in an odious light; to <i>revile</i> or <i>vilify</i> is to +attack with vile abuse. To <i>disparage</i> is to represent one's admitted +good traits or acts as less praiseworthy than they would +naturally be thought to be, as for instance, by ascribing a man's +benevolence to a desire for popularity or display. To <i>libel</i> or +<i>slander</i> is to make an assault upon character and repute that +comes within the scope of law; the <i>slander</i> is uttered, the <i>libel</i> +written, printed, or pictured. To <i>backbite</i> is to speak something +secretly to one's injury; to <i>calumniate</i> is to invent as well as utter +the injurious charge. One may "abuse," "assail," or <i>vilify</i> another +to his face; he <i>asperses</i>, <i>calumniates</i>, <i>slanders</i>, or <i>traduces</i> +him behind his back.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>defend,</td><td>eulogize,</td><td>extol,</td><td>laud,</td><td>praise,</td><td>vindicate.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SLANG.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cant,</td><td>colloquialism,</td><td>vulgarism,</td><td>vulgarity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>colloquialism</i> is an expression not coarse or low, and perhaps +not incorrect, but below the literary grade; educated persons are +apt to allow themselves some <i>colloquialisms</i> in familiar conversation, +which they would avoid in writing or public speaking. +<i>Slang</i>, in the primary sense, denotes expressions that are either +coarse and rude in themselves or chiefly current among the coarser +and ruder part of the community; there are also many expressions +current in special senses in certain communities that may be characterized<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> +as <i>slang</i>; as, college <i>slang</i>; club <i>slang</i>; racing <i>slang</i>. +In the evolution of language many words originally <i>slang</i> are +adopted by good writers and speakers, and ultimately take their +place as accepted English. A <i>vulgarism</i> is an expression decidedly +incorrect, and the use of which is a mark of ignorance or low +breeding. <i>Cant</i>, as used in this connection, denotes the barbarous +jargon used as a secret language by thieves, tramps, etc. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#DICTION">DICTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LANGUAGE">LANGUAGE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SLOW.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>dawdling,</td><td>dilatory,</td><td>gradual,</td><td>lingering,</td><td>slack,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delaying,</td><td>drowsy,</td><td>inactive,</td><td>moderate,</td><td>sluggish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deliberate,</td><td>dull,</td><td>inert,</td><td>procrastinating,</td><td>tardy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Slow</i> signifies moving through a relatively short distance, or +with a relatively small number of motions in a given time; <i>slow</i> +also applies to that which is a relatively long while in beginning +or accomplishing something; a watch or a clock is said to be <i>slow</i> +when its indications are behind those of the standard time. <i>Tardy</i> +is applied to that which is behind the proper or desired time, +especially in doing a work or arriving at a place. <i>Deliberate</i> and +<i>dilatory</i> are used of persons, tho the latter may be used also of +things, as of a stream; a person is <i>deliberate</i> who takes a noticeably +long time to consider and decide before acting or who acts or +speaks as if he were deliberating at every point; a person is <i>dilatory</i> +who lays aside, or puts off as long as possible, necessary or required +action; both words may be applied either to undertaking or to +doing. <i>Gradual</i> (L. <i>gradus</i>, a step) signifies advancing by steps, +and refers to <i>slow</i> but regular and sure progression. <i>Slack</i> refers +to action that seems to indicate a lack of tension, as of muscle or +of will, <i>sluggish</i> to action that seems as if reluctant to advance.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#NIMBLE">NIMBLE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SNEER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>fling,</td><td>gibe,</td><td>jeer,</td><td>mock,</td><td>scoff,</td><td>taunt.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>sneer</i> may be simply a contemptuous facial contortion, or +it may be some brief satirical utterance that throws a contemptuous +side-light on what it attacks without attempting to prove or +disprove; a depreciatory implication may be given in a <i>sneer</i> such<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> +as could only be answered by elaborate argument or proof, which +would seem to give the attack undue importance:</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>Who can refute a <i>sneer</i>?</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">Paley</span> <i>Moral Philosophy</i> bk. v, ch. ix.</p></div> + +<p class="noin">A <i>fling</i> is careless and commonly pettish; a <i>taunt</i> is intentionally +insulting and provoking; the <i>sneer</i> is supercilious; the <i>taunt</i> is +defiant. The <i>jeer</i> and <i>gibe</i> are uttered; the <i>gibe</i> is bitter, and +often sly or covert; the <i>jeer</i> is rude and open. A <i>scoff</i> may be in +act or word, and is commonly directed against that which claims +honor, reverence, or worship. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BANTER">BANTER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Preposition:</h4> + +<p>Only an essentially vicious mind is capable of a sneer <i>at</i> virtue.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SOCIALISM" id="SOCIALISM"></a>SOCIALISM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>collectivism,</td><td>communism,</td><td>fabianism.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Socialism</i>, as defined by its advocates, is a theory of civil polity +that aims to secure the reconstruction of society, increase of +wealth, and a more equal distribution of the products of labor +through the public collective ownership of land and capital (as +distinguished from property), and the public collective management +of all industries. Its aim is extended industrial cooperation; +<i>socialism</i> is a purely economic term, applying to landownership and +productive capital. Many socialists call themselves <i>collectivists</i>, and +their system <i>collectivism</i>. <i>Communism</i> would divide all things, +including the profits of individual labor, among members of the +community; many of its advocates would abolish marriage and +the family relation. <i>Anarchism</i> is properly an antonym of <i>socialism</i>, +as it would destroy, by violence if necessary, all existing +government and social order, leaving the future to determine +what, if anything, should be raised upon their ruins.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SOUND.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>noise,</td><td>note,</td><td>tone.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sound</i> is the sensation produced through the organs of hearing +or the physical cause of this sensation. <i>Sound</i> is the most comprehensive +word of this group, applying to anything that is audible. +<i>Tone</i> is <i>sound</i> considered as having some musical quality or +as expressive of some feeling; <i>noise</i> is <i>sound</i> considered without +reference to musical quality or as distinctly unmusical or discordant. +Thus, in the most general sense <i>noise</i> and <i>sound</i> scarcely +differ, and we say almost indifferently, "I heard a <i>sound</i>," or "I<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> +heard a <i>noise</i>." We speak of a fine, musical, or pleasing <i>sound</i>, +but never thus of a <i>noise</i>. In music, <i>tone</i> may denote either a +musical <i>sound</i> or the interval between two such <i>sounds</i>, but in the +most careful usage the latter is now distinguished as the "interval," +leaving <i>tone</i> to stand only for the <i>sound</i>. <i>Note</i> in music strictly +denotes the character representing a <i>sound</i>, but in loose popular +usage it denotes the <i>sound</i> also, and becomes practically equivalent +to <i>tone</i>. Aside from its musical use, <i>tone</i> is chiefly applied to +that quality of the human voice by which feeling is expressed; as, +he spoke in a cheery <i>tone</i>; the word is similarly applied to the +voices of birds and other animals, and sometimes to inanimate +objects. As used of a musical instrument, <i>tone</i> denotes the general +quality of its sounds collectively considered.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SPEAK" id="SPEAK"></a>SPEAK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>announce,</td><td>converse,</td><td>discourse,</td><td>say,</td></tr> +<tr><td>articulate,</td><td>declaim,</td><td>enunciate,</td><td>talk,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chat,</td><td>declare,</td><td>express,</td><td>tell,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chatter,</td><td>deliver,</td><td>pronounce,</td><td>utter.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>utter</i> is to give forth as an audible sound, articulate or not. +To <i>talk</i> is to <i>utter</i> a succession of connected words, ordinarily +with the expectation of being listened to. To <i>speak</i> is to give +articulate utterance even to a single word; the officer <i>speaks</i> the +word of command, but does not <i>talk</i> it. To <i>speak</i> is also to <i>utter</i> +words with the ordinary intonation, as distinguished from singing. +To <i>chat</i> is ordinarily to <i>utter</i> in a familiar, conversational way; to +<i>chatter</i> is to <i>talk</i> in an empty, ceaseless way like a magpie.</p> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>Speak <i>to</i> (address) a person; speak <i>with</i> a person (converse with +him); speak <i>of</i> or <i>about</i> a thing (make it the subject of remark); +speak <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> a subject; in parliamentary language, speak <i>to</i> +the question.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SPEECH" id="SPEECH"></a>SPEECH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>address,</td><td>dissertation,</td><td>oration,</td><td>speaking,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discourse,</td><td>harangue,</td><td>oratory,</td><td>talk,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disquisition,</td><td>language,</td><td>sermon,</td><td>utterance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Speech</i> is the general word for <i>utterance</i> of thought in <i>language</i>. +A <i>speech</i> may be the delivering of one's sentiments in the +simplest way; an <i>oration</i> is an elaborate and prepared <i>speech</i>; a +<i>harangue</i> is a vehement appeal to passion, or a <i>speech</i> that has<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> +something disputatious and combative in it. A <i>discourse</i> is a set +<i>speech</i> on a definite subject, intended to convey instruction. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#CONVERSATION">CONVERSATION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DICTION">DICTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#LANGUAGE">LANGUAGE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hush,</td><td>silence,</td><td>speechlessness,</td><td>stillness,</td><td>taciturnity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SPONTANEOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>automatic,</td><td>impulsive,</td><td>involuntary,</td><td>voluntary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>free,</td><td>instinctive,</td><td>unbidden,</td><td>willing.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>spontaneous</i> which is freely done, with no external +compulsion and, in human actions, without special premeditation +or distinct determination of the will; that is <i>voluntary</i> which is +freely done with distinct act of will; that is <i>involuntary</i> which is +independent of the will, and perhaps in opposition to it; a <i>willing</i> +act is not only in accordance with will, but with desire. Thus +<i>voluntary</i> and <i>involuntary</i>, which are antonyms of each other, +are both partial synonyms of <i>spontaneous</i>. We speak of <i>spontaneous</i> +generation, <i>spontaneous</i> combustion, <i>spontaneous</i> sympathy, +an <i>involuntary</i> start, an <i>unbidden</i> tear, <i>voluntary</i> agreement, +<i>willing</i> submission. A babe's smile in answer to that of its +mother is <i>spontaneous</i>; the smile of a pouting child wheedled into +good humor is <i>involuntary</i>. In physiology the action of the heart +and lungs is called <i>involuntary</i>; the growth of the hair and nails +is <i>spontaneous</i>; the action of swallowing is <i>voluntary</i> up to a +certain point, beyond which it becomes <i>involuntary</i> or <i>automatic</i>. +In the fullest sense of that which is not only without the will but +distinctly in opposition to it, or compulsory, <i>involuntary</i> becomes +an antonym, not only of <i>voluntary</i> but of <i>spontaneous</i>; as, <i>involuntary</i> +servitude. A <i>spontaneous</i> outburst of applause is of +necessity an act of volition, but so completely dependent on sympathetic +impulse that it would seem frigid to call it <i>voluntary</i>, +while to call it <i>involuntary</i> would imply some previous purpose +or inclination not to applaud.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SPY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>detective,</td><td>emissary,</td><td>scout.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>scout</i> and the <i>spy</i> are both employed to obtain information +of the numbers, movements, etc., of an enemy. The <i>scout</i> lurks on +the outskirts of the hostile army with such concealment as the +case admits of, but without disguise; a <i>spy</i> enters in disguise<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> +within the enemy's lines. A <i>scout</i>, if captured, has the rights of +a prisoner of war; a <i>spy</i> is held to have forfeited all rights, and is +liable, in case of capture, to capital punishment. An <i>emissary</i> is +rather political than military; sent rather to secretly influence +opponents than to bring information concerning them; so far as +he does the latter, he is not only an <i>emissary</i>, but a <i>spy</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>STAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blot,</td><td>discolor,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>soil,</td><td>sully,</td><td>tinge,</td></tr> +<tr><td>color,</td><td>disgrace,</td><td>dye,</td><td>spot,</td><td>tarnish,</td><td>tint.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>color</i> is to impart a color desired or undesired, temporary or +permanent, or, in the intransitive use, to assume a color in any way; +as, he <i>colored</i> with shame and vexation. To <i>dye</i> is to impart a +color intentionally and with a view to permanence, and especially so +as to pervade the substance or fiber of that to which it is applied. +To <i>stain</i> is primarily to <i>discolor</i>, to impart a color undesired and +perhaps unintended, and which may or may not be permanent. +Thus, a character "<i>dyed</i> in the wool" is one that has received +some early, permanent, and pervading influence; a character +<i>stained</i> with crime or guilt is debased and perverted. <i>Stain</i> is, +however, used of giving an intended and perhaps pleasing color +to wood, glass, etc., by an application of coloring-matter which +enters the substance a little below the surface, in distinction +from painting, in which coloring-matter is spread upon the surface; +<i>dyeing</i> is generally said of wool, yarn, cloth, or similar +materials which are dipped into the <i>coloring</i> liquid. Figuratively, +a standard or a garment may be <i>dyed</i> with blood in honorable +warfare; an assassin's weapon is <i>stained</i> with the blood of his +victim. To <i>tinge</i> is to <i>color</i> slightly, and may also be used of +giving a slight flavor, or a slight admixture of one ingredient or +quality with another that is more pronounced.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="STATE" id="STATE"></a>STATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affirm,</td><td>aver,</td><td>declare,</td><td>predicate,</td><td>set forth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>allege,</td><td>avouch,</td><td>depose,</td><td>pronounce,</td><td>specify,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assert,</td><td>avow,</td><td>express,</td><td>propound,</td><td>swear,</td></tr> +<tr><td>asseverate,</td><td>certify,</td><td>inform,</td><td>protest,</td><td>tell,</td></tr> +<tr><td>assure,</td><td>claim,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>say,</td><td>testify.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>state</i> (L. <i>sto</i>, stand) is to <i>set forth</i> explicitly, formally, or +particularly in speech or writing. <i>Assert</i> (L. <i>ad</i>, to, and <i>sero</i>, bind) +is strongly personal, signifying to <i>state</i> boldly and positively what<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span> +the one making the statement has not attempted and may not attempt +to prove. <i>Affirm</i> has less of egotism than <i>assert</i> (as seen in +the word <i>self-assertion</i>), coming nearer to <i>aver</i>. It has more +solemnity than <i>declare</i>, and more composure and dignity than +<i>asseverate</i>, which is to <i>assert</i> excitedly. In legal usage, <i>affirm</i> has +a general agreement with <i>depose</i> and <i>testify</i>; it differs from <i>swear</i> +in not invoking the name of God. To <i>assure</i> is to <i>state</i> with such +authority and confidence as the speaker feels ought to make the +hearer sure. <i>Certify</i> is more formal, and applies rather to written +documents or legal processes. <i>Assure</i>, <i>certify</i>, <i>inform</i>, apply to +the person; <i>affirm</i>, etc., to the thing. <i>Assert</i> is combative; <i>assure</i> +is conciliatory. I <i>assert</i> my right to cross the river; I <i>assure</i> my +friend it is perfectly safe. To <i>aver</i> is to <i>state</i> positively what is +within one's own knowledge or matter of deep conviction. One may +<i>assert</i> himself, or <i>assert</i> his right to what he is willing to contend +for; or he may <i>assert</i> in discussion what he is ready to maintain +by argument or evidence. To <i>assert</i> without proof is always to +lay oneself open to the suspicion of having no proof to offer, and +seems to arrogate too much to one's personal authority, and hence +in such cases both the verb <i>assert</i> and its noun <i>assertion</i> have an +unfavorable sense; we say a mere <i>assertion</i>, a bare <i>assertion</i>, his +unsupported <i>assertion</i>; he <i>asserted</i> his innocence has less force +than he <i>affirmed</i> or <i>maintained</i> his innocence. <i>Affirm</i>, <i>state</i>, and +<i>tell</i> have not the controversial sense of <i>assert</i>, but are simply +declarative. To <i>vindicate</i> is to defend successfully what is +assailed. Almost every criminal will <i>assert</i> his innocence; the +honest man will seldom lack means to <i>vindicate</i> his integrity.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contradict,</td><td>controvert,</td><td>disprove,</td><td>gainsay,</td><td>refute,</td><td>retract,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contravene,</td><td>deny,</td><td>dispute,</td><td>oppose,</td><td>repudiate,</td><td>waive.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="STEEP" id="STEEP"></a>STEEP.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abrupt,</td><td>high,</td><td>precipitous,</td><td>sharp,</td><td>sheer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>High</i> is used of simple elevation; <i>steep</i> is said only of an incline +where the vertical measurement is sufficiently great in proportion +to the horizontal to make it difficult of ascent. <i>Steep</i> is +relative; an ascent of 100 feet to the mile on a railway is a <i>steep</i> +grade; a rise of 500 feet to the mile makes a <i>steep</i> wagon-road; a +roof is <i>steep</i> when it makes with the horizontal line an angle of +more than 45°. A <i>high</i> mountain may be climbed by a winding +road nowhere <i>steep</i>, while a little hill may be accessible only by a<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span> +<i>steep</i> path. A <i>sharp</i> ascent or descent is one that makes a sudden, +decided angle with the plane from which it starts; a <i>sheer</i> ascent +or descent is perpendicular, or nearly so; <i>precipitous</i> applies to +that which is of the nature of a precipice, and is used especially of +a descent; <i>abrupt</i> is as if broken sharply off, and applies to either +acclivity or declivity. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HIGH">HIGH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>easy,</td><td>flat,</td><td>gentle,</td><td>gradual,</td><td>horizontal,</td><td>level,</td><td>low,</td><td>slight.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>STORM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>agitation,</td><td>disturbance,</td><td>tempest.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>storm</i> is properly a <i>disturbance</i> of the atmosphere, with or +without rain, snow, hail, or thunder and lightning. Thus we have +rain-<i>storm</i>, snow-<i>storm</i>, etc., and by extension, magnetic <i>storm</i>. +A <i>tempest</i> is a <i>storm</i> of extreme violence, always attended with +some precipitation, as of rain, from the atmosphere. In the moral +and figurative use, <i>storm</i> and <i>tempest</i> are not closely discriminated, +except that <i>tempest</i> commonly implies greater intensity. We speak +of <i>agitation</i> of feeling, <i>disturbance</i> of mind, a <i>storm</i> of passion, a +<i>tempest</i> of rage.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>calm,</td><td>fair weather,</td><td>hush,</td><td>peace,</td><td>serenity,</td><td>stillness,</td><td>tranquillity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="STORY" id="STORY"></a>STORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>account,</td><td>legend,</td><td>narrative,</td><td>recital,</td><td>relation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>anecdote,</td><td>myth,</td><td rowspan="2">novel,</td><td rowspan="2">record,</td><td rowspan="2">tale.</td></tr> +<tr><td>incident,</td><td>narration,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>story</i> is the telling of some series of connected incidents or +events, whether real or fictitious, in prose or verse, orally or in +writing; or the series of incidents or events thus related may be +termed a <i>story</i>. In children's talk, a <i>story</i> is a common euphemism +for a falsehood. <i>Tale</i> is nearly synonymous with <i>story</i>, but +is somewhat archaic; it is used for an imaginative, legendary, or +fictitious <i>recital</i>, especially if of ancient date; as, a fairy <i>tale</i>; +also, for an idle or malicious report; as, do not tell <i>tales</i>; "where +there is no <i>tale</i>-bearer, the strife ceaseth." <i>Prov.</i> xxvi, 20. An <i>anecdote</i> +tells briefly some <i>incident</i>, assumed to be fact. If it passes +close limits of brevity, it ceases to be an <i>anecdote</i>, and becomes a +<i>narrative</i> or <i>narration</i>. A traditional or mythical <i>story</i> of ancient +times is a <i>legend</i>. A history is often somewhat poetically<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span> +called a <i>story</i>; as, the <i>story</i> of the American civil war. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEGORY">ALLEGORY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FICTION">FICTION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>annals,</td><td>biography,</td><td>chronicle,</td><td>history,</td><td>memoir.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>STUPIDITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apathy,</td><td>insensibility,</td><td>slowness,</td><td>stupefaction,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dulness,</td><td>obtuseness,</td><td>sluggishness,</td><td>stupor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Stupidity</i> is sometimes loosely used for temporary <i>dulness</i> or +partial <i>stupor</i>, but chiefly for innate and chronic <i>dulness</i> and +<i>sluggishness</i> of mental action, <i>obtuseness</i> of apprehension, etc. +<i>Apathy</i> may be temporary, and be dispelled by appeal to the feelings +or by the presentation of an adequate motive, but <i>stupidity</i> +is inveterate and commonly incurable. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#APATHY">APATHY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#IDIOCY">IDIOCY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#STUPOR">STUPOR</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>acuteness,</td><td>brilliancy,</td><td>keenness,</td><td>sagacity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alertness,</td><td>cleverness,</td><td>quickness,</td><td>sense,</td></tr> +<tr><td>animation,</td><td>intelligence,</td><td>readiness,</td><td>sensibility.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="STUPOR" id="STUPOR"></a>STUPOR.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apathy,</td><td>fainting,</td><td>stupefaction,</td><td>syncope,</td></tr> +<tr><td>asphyxia,</td><td>insensibility,</td><td>swoon,</td><td>torpor,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coma,</td><td>lethargy,</td><td>swooning,</td><td>unconsciousness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Stupor</i> is a condition of the body in which the action of the +senses and faculties is suspended or greatly dulled—weakness or +loss of sensibility. The <i>apathy</i> of disease is a mental affection, a +state of morbid indifference; <i>lethargy</i> is a morbid tendency to +heavy and continued sleep, from which the patient may perhaps +be momentarily aroused. <i>Coma</i> is a deep, abnormal sleep, from +which the patient can not be aroused, or is aroused only with difficulty, +a state of profound <i>insensibility</i>, perhaps with full pulse and +deep, stertorous breathing, and is due to brain-oppression. <i>Syncope</i> +or <i>swooning</i> is a sudden loss of sensation and of power of +motion, with suspension of pulse and of respiration, and is due to +failure of heart-action, as from sudden nervous shock or intense +mental emotion. <i>Insensibility</i> is a general term denoting loss of +feeling from any cause, as from cold, intoxication, or injury. +<i>Stupor</i> is especially profound and confirmed <i>insensibility</i>, properly +comatose. <i>Asphyxia</i> is a special form of <i>syncope</i> resulting +from partial or total suspension of respiration, as in strangulation, +drowning, or inhalation of noxious gases.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="SUBJECTIVE" id="SUBJECTIVE"></a>SUBJECTIVE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonym:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>objective.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Subjective</i> and <i>objective</i> are synonyms in but one point of view, +being, for the most part, strictly antonyms. <i>Subjective</i> signifies +relating to the subject of mental states, that is, to the person who +experiences them; <i>objective</i> signifies relating to the object of mental +states, that is, to something outside the perceiving mind; in +brief phrase it may be said that <i>subjective</i> relates to something +within the mind, <i>objective</i> to something without. A mountain, as a +mass of a certain size, contour, color, etc., is an <i>objective</i> fact; the +impression our mind receives, the mental picture it forms of the +mountain, is <i>subjective</i>. But this <i>subjective</i> impression may become +itself the object of thought (called "subject-object"), as +when we compare our mental picture of the mountain with our +idea of a plain or river. The direct experiences of the soul, as joy, +grief, hope, fear, are purely <i>subjective</i>; the outward causes of +these experiences, as prosperity, bereavement, disappointment, +are <i>objective</i>. That which has independent existence or authority +apart from our experience or thought is said to have <i>objective</i> existence +or authority; thus we speak of the <i>objective</i> authority of +the moral law. Different individuals may receive different <i>subjective</i> +impressions from the same <i>objective</i> fact, that which to one +is a cause of hope being to another a cause of fear, etc. The style +of a writer is called <i>objective</i> when it derives its materials mainly +from or reaches out toward external objects; it is called <i>subjective</i> +when it derives its materials mainly from or constantly tends +to revert to the personal experience of the author. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#INHERENT">INHERENT</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SUBSIDY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>aid,</td><td>bounty,</td><td>indemnity,</td><td>reward,</td><td>support,</td></tr> +<tr><td>allowance,</td><td>gift,</td><td>pension,</td><td>subvention,</td><td>tribute.</td></tr> +<tr><td>bonus,</td><td>grant,</td><td colspan="3">premium,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>subsidy</i> is pecuniary aid directly granted by government to +an individual or commercial enterprise, or money furnished by +one nation to another to aid it in carrying on war against a common +enemy. A nation grants a <i>subsidy</i> to an ally, pays a <i>tribute</i> to a +conqueror. An <i>indemnity</i> is in the nature of things limited and +temporary, while a <i>tribute</i> might be exacted indefinitely. A<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span> +nation may also grant a <i>subsidy</i> to its own citizens as a means of +promoting the public welfare; as, a <i>subsidy</i> to a steamship company. +The somewhat rare term <i>subvention</i> is especially applied +to a <i>grant</i> of governmental aid to a literary or artistic enterprise. +Governmental <i>aid</i> to a commercial or industrial enterprise other +than a transportation company is more frequently called a <i>bounty</i> +than a <i>subsidy</i>; as, the sugar <i>bounty</i>. The word <i>bounty</i> may be +applied to almost any regular or stipulated <i>allowance</i> by a government +to a citizen or citizens; as, a <i>bounty</i> for enlisting in the +army; a <i>bounty</i> for killing wolves. A <i>bounty</i> is offered for something +to be done; a <i>pension</i> is granted for something that has +been done.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SUBVERT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>destroy,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>ruin,</td><td>supplant,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extinguish,</td><td>overturn,</td><td>supersede,</td><td>suppress.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>subvert</i> is to overthrow from or as from the very foundation; +utterly destroy; bring to ruin. The word is now generally +figurative, as of moral or political ruin. To <i>supersede</i> implies +the putting of something that is wisely or unwisely preferred in +the place of that which is removed; to <i>subvert</i> does not imply +substitution. To <i>supplant</i> is more often personal, signifying to +take the place of another, usually by underhanded means; one is +<i>superseded</i> by authority, <i>supplanted</i> by a rival. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABOLISH">ABOLISH</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conserve,</td><td>keep,</td><td>perpetuate,</td><td>preserve,</td><td>sustain,</td><td>uphold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SUCCEED.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>achieve,</td><td>attain,</td><td>flourish,</td><td>prevail,</td><td>prosper,</td><td>thrive,</td><td>win.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A person <i>succeeds</i> when he accomplishes what he attempts, or +<i>attains</i> a desired object or result; an enterprise or undertaking +<i>succeeds</i> that has a prosperous result. To <i>win</i> implies that some +one loses, but one may <i>succeed</i> where no one fails. A solitary +swimmer <i>succeeds</i> in reaching the shore; if we say he <i>wins</i> the +shore we contrast him with himself as a possible loser. Many +students may <i>succeed</i> in study; a few <i>win</i> the special prizes, for +which all compete. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#FOLLOW">FOLLOW</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>be defeated,</td><td>come short,</td><td>fail,</td><td>fall short,</td><td>lose,</td><td>miss,</td><td>miscarry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span></p> + +<h3><a name="SUGGESTION" id="SUGGESTION"></a>SUGGESTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hint,</td><td>implication,</td><td>innuendo,</td><td>insinuation,</td><td>intimation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>suggestion</i> (L. <i>sub</i>, under, and <i>gero</i>, bring) brings something +before the mind less directly than by formal or explicit statement, +as by a partial statement, an incidental allusion, an illustration, a +question, or the like. <i>Suggestion</i> is often used of an unobtrusive +statement of one's views or wishes to another, leaving consideration +and any consequent action entirely to his judgment, and is hence, +in many cases, the most respectful way in which one can convey +his views to a superior or a stranger. A <i>suggestion</i> may be given +unintentionally, and even unconsciously, as when we say an author +has "a <i>suggestive</i> style." An <i>intimation</i> is a <i>suggestion</i> in brief +utterance, or sometimes by significant act, gesture, or token, of +one's meaning or wishes; in the latter case it is often the act of a +superior; as, God in his providence gives us <i>intimations</i> of his will. +A <i>hint</i> is still more limited in expression, and is always covert, but +frequently with good intent; as, to give one a <i>hint</i> of danger or +of opportunity. <i>Insinuation</i> and <i>innuendo</i> are used in the bad +sense; an <i>insinuation</i> is a covert or partly veiled injurious utterance, +sometimes to the very person attacked; an <i>innuendo</i> is commonly +secret as well as sly, as if pointing one out by a significant +nod (L. <i>in</i>, in, to, and <i>nuo</i>, nod).</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SUPERNATURAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>miraculous,</td><td>preternatural,</td><td>superhuman.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The <i>supernatural</i> (<i>super</i>, above) is above or superior to the +recognized powers of nature; the <i>preternatural</i> (<i>preter</i>, beyond) +is aside from or beyond the recognized results or operations of +natural law, often in the sense of inauspicious; as, a <i>preternatural</i> +gloom. <i>Miraculous</i> is more emphatic and specific than <i>supernatural</i>, +as referring to the direct personal intervention of divine +power. Some hold that a miracle, as the raising of the dead, is a +direct suspension and even violation of natural laws by the fiat of +the Creator, and hence is, in the strictest sense, <i>supernatural</i>; +others hold that the miracle is simply the calling forth of a power +residing in the laws of nature, but not within their ordinary operation, +and dependent on a distinct act of God, so that the <i>miraculous</i> +might be termed "extranatural," rather than <i>supernatural</i>. +All that is beyond human power is <i>superhuman</i>; as, prophecy<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> +gives evidence of <i>superhuman</i> knowledge; the word is sometimes +applied to remarkable manifestations of human power, surpassing +all that is ordinary.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>commonplace,</td><td>everyday,</td><td>natural,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>usual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SUPPORT" id="SUPPORT"></a>SUPPORT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>bear,</td><td>cherish,</td><td>keep,</td><td>maintain,</td><td>sustain,</td></tr> +<tr><td>carry,</td><td>hold up,</td><td>keep up,</td><td>prop,</td><td>uphold.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Support</i> and <i>sustain</i> alike signify to <i>hold up</i> or <i>keep up</i>, to +prevent from falling or sinking; but <i>sustain</i> has a special sense of +continuous exertion or of great strength continuously exerted, as +when we speak of <i>sustained</i> endeavor or a <i>sustained</i> note; a +flower is <i>supported</i> by the stem or a temple-roof by arches; the +foundations of a great building <i>sustain</i> an enormous pressure; to +<i>sustain</i> life implies a greater exigency and need than to <i>support</i> +life; to say one is <i>sustained</i> under affliction is to say more both +of the severity of the trial and the completeness of the <i>upholding</i> +than if we say he is <i>supported</i>. To <i>bear</i> is the most general word, +denoting all <i>holding up</i> or <i>keeping up</i> of any object, whether in +rest or motion; in the derived senses it refers to something that +is a tax upon strength or endurance; as, to <i>bear</i> a strain; to <i>bear</i> +pain or grief. To <i>maintain</i> is to <i>keep</i> in a state or condition, +especially in an excellent and desirable condition; as, to <i>maintain</i> +health or reputation; to <i>maintain</i> one's position; to <i>maintain</i> a +cause or proposition is to hold it against opposition or difficulty. +To <i>support</i> may be partial, to <i>maintain</i> is complete; <i>maintain</i> is +a word of more dignity than <i>support</i>; a man <i>supports</i> his family; +a state <i>maintains</i> an army or navy. To <i>prop</i> is always partial, +signifying to add <i>support</i> to something that is insecure. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ABET">ABET</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ENDURE">ENDURE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KEEP">KEEP</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>break down,</td><td>demolish,</td><td>destroy,</td><td>let go,</td><td>throw down,</td></tr> +<tr><td>betray,</td><td>cast down,</td><td>desert,</td><td>drop,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>wreck.</td></tr> +</table> + +<h4>Prepositions:</h4> + +<p>The roof is supported <i>by</i>, <i>on</i>, or <i>upon</i> pillars; the family was +supported <i>on</i> or <i>upon</i> a pittance, or <i>by</i> charity.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SUPPOSE" id="SUPPOSE"></a>SUPPOSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>conjecture,</td><td>deem,</td><td>guess,</td><td>imagine,</td><td>surmise,</td><td>think.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>suppose</i> is temporarily to assume a thing as true, either<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span> +with the expectation of finding it so or for the purpose of ascertaining +what would follow if it were so. To <i>suppose</i> is also to +think a thing to be true while aware or conceding that the belief +does not rest upon any sure ground, and may not accord with +fact; or yet again, to <i>suppose</i> is to imply as true or involved as a +necessary inference; as, design <i>supposes</i> the existence of a designer. +To <i>conjecture</i> is to put together the nearest available +materials for a provisional opinion, always with some expectation +of finding the facts to be as <i>conjectured</i>. To <i>imagine</i> is to form a +mental image of something as existing, tho its actual existence +may be unknown, or even impossible. To <i>think</i>, in this application, +is to hold as the result of thought what is admitted not to be +matter of exact or certain knowledge; as, I do not know, but I +<i>think</i> this to be the fact: a more conclusive statement than would +be made by the use of <i>conjecture</i> or <i>suppose</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DOUBT_n">DOUBT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOTHESIS">HYPOTHESIS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>ascertain,</td><td>be sure,</td><td>conclude,</td><td>discover,</td><td>know,</td><td>prove.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SURRENDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abandon,</td><td>cede,</td><td>give over,</td><td>relinquish,</td></tr> +<tr><td>alienate,</td><td>give,</td><td>give up,</td><td>sacrifice,</td></tr> +<tr><td>capitulate,</td><td>give oneself up,</td><td>let go,</td><td>yield.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>surrender</i> is to <i>give up</i> upon compulsion, as to an enemy in +war, hence to <i>give up</i> to any person, passion, influence, or power. +To <i>yield</i> is to give place or give way under pressure, and hence +under compulsion. <i>Yield</i> implies more softness or concession than +<i>surrender</i>; the most determined men may <i>surrender</i> to overwhelming +force; when one <i>yields</i>, his spirit is at least somewhat subdued. +A monarch or a state <i>cedes</i> territory perhaps for a consideration; +<i>surrenders</i> an army, a navy, or a fortified place to a +conqueror; a military commander <i>abandons</i> an untenable position +or unavailable stores. We <i>sacrifice</i> something precious through +error, friendship, or duty, <i>yield</i> to convincing reasons, a stronger +will, winsome persuasion, or superior force. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABANDON">ABANDON</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>SYNONYMOUS.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alike,</td><td>equivalent,</td><td>like,</td><td>similar,</td></tr> +<tr><td>correspondent,</td><td>identical,</td><td rowspan="2">same,</td><td rowspan="2">synonymic.</td></tr> +<tr><td>corresponding,</td><td>interchangeable,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Synonymous</i> (Gr. <i>syn</i>, together, and <i>onyma</i>, name) strictly signifies +being <i>interchangeable</i> names for the same thing, or being one<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span> +of two or more <i>interchangeable</i> names for the same thing; to say +that two words are <i>synonymous</i> is strictly to say they are <i>alike</i>, +<i>equivalent</i>, <i>identical</i>, or the <i>same</i> in meaning; but the use of <i>synonymous</i> +in this strict sense is somewhat rare, and rather with +reference to statements than to words.</p> + +<div class="bq1"><p>To say that we are morally developed is <i>synonymous</i> with saying that we have +reaped what some one has suffered for us.</p> + +<p class="tdr"><span class="smc">H. W. Beecher</span> <i>Royal Truths</i> p. 294. [<span class="smcl">T. & F.</span> '66.]</p></div> + +<p>In the strictest sense, <i>synonymous</i> words scarcely exist; rarely, +if ever, are any two words in any language <i>equivalent</i> or <i>identical</i> in +meaning; where a difference in meaning can not easily be shown, +a difference in usage commonly exists, so that the words are not +<i>interchangeable</i>. By <i>synonymous</i> words (or <i>synonyms</i>) we usually +understand words that coincide or nearly coincide in some part of +their meaning, and may hence within certain limits be used interchangeably, +while outside of those limits they may differ very +greatly in meaning and use. It is the office of a work on synonyms +to point out these correspondences and differences, that +language may have the flexibility that comes from freedom of +selection within the common limits, with the perspicuity and precision +that result from exact choice of the fittest words to express +each shade of meaning outside of the common limits. To consider +<i>synonymous</i> words <i>identical</i> is fatal to accuracy; to forget that +they are <i>similar</i>, to some extent <i>equivalent</i>, and sometimes <i>interchangeable</i>, +is destructive of freedom and variety.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="SYSTEM" id="SYSTEM"></a>SYSTEM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>manner,</td><td>method,</td><td>mode,</td><td>order,</td><td>regularity,</td><td>rule.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Order</i> in this connection denotes the fact or result of proper +arrangement according to the due relation or sequence of the +matters arranged; as, these papers are in <i>order</i>; in alphabetical +<i>order</i>. <i>Method</i> denotes a process, a general or established way of +doing or proceeding in anything; <i>rule</i>, an authoritative requirement +or an established course of things; <i>system</i>, not merely a law +of action or procedure, but a comprehensive plan in which all the +parts are related to each other and to the whole; as, a <i>system</i> of +theology; a railroad <i>system</i>; the digestive <i>system</i>; <i>manner</i> refers +to the external qualities of actions, and to those often as settled +and characteristic; we speak of a <i>system</i> of taxation, a <i>method</i> of +collecting taxes, the <i>rules</i> by which assessments are made; or we<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span> +say, as a <i>rule</i> the payments are heaviest at a certain time of year; a +just tax may be made odious by the <i>manner</i> of its collection. +<i>Regularity</i> applies to the even disposition of objects or uniform +recurrence of acts in a series. There may be <i>regularity</i> without +<i>order</i>, as in the recurrence of paroxysms of disease or insanity; +there may be <i>order</i> without <i>regularity</i>, as in the arrangement of +furniture in a room, where the objects are placed at varying distances. +<i>Order</i> commonly implies the design of an intelligent +agent or the appearance or suggestion of such design; <i>regularity</i> +applies to an actual uniform disposition or recurrence with no +suggestion of purpose, and as applied to human affairs is less +intelligent and more mechanical than <i>order</i>. The most perfect +<i>order</i> is often secured with least <i>regularity</i>, as in a fine essay or +oration. The same may be said of <i>system</i>. There is a <i>regularity</i> +of dividing a treatise into topics, paragraphs, and sentences, +that is destructive of true rhetorical <i>system</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#HABIT">HABIT</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#HYPOTHESIS">HYPOTHESIS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chaos,</td><td rowspan="2">derangement,</td><td rowspan="2">disarrangement,</td><td rowspan="2">disorder,</td><td rowspan="2">irregularity.</td></tr> +<tr><td>confusion,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TACITURN" id="TACITURN"></a>TACITURN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>close,</td><td>mute,</td><td>reticent,</td><td>speechless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dumb,</td><td>reserved,</td><td>silent,</td><td>uncommunicative.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Dumb</i>, <i>mute</i>, <i>silent</i> and <i>speechless</i> refer to fact or state; <i>taciturn</i> +refers to habit and disposition. The talkative person may be +stricken <i>dumb</i> with surprise or terror; the obstinate may remain +<i>mute</i>; one may be <i>silent</i> through preoccupation of mind or of set purpose; +but the <i>taciturn</i> person is averse to the utterance of thought +or feeling and to communication with others, either from natural +disposition or for the occasion. One who is <i>silent</i> does not speak +at all; one who is <i>taciturn</i> speaks when compelled, but in a grudging +way that repels further approach. <i>Reserved</i> suggests more +of method and intention than <i>taciturn</i>, applying often to some +special time or topic; one who is communicative regarding all +else may be <i>reserved</i> about his business. <i>Reserved</i> is thus closely +equivalent to <i>uncommunicative</i>, but is a somewhat stronger word, +often suggesting pride or haughtiness, as when we say one is <i>reserved</i> +toward inferiors. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIDE">PRIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>communicative,</td><td>free,</td><td>garrulous,</td><td>loquacious,</td><td>talkative,</td><td>unreserved.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span></p> + +<h3>TASTEFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>artistic,</td><td>delicate,</td><td>esthetic,</td><td>fastidious,</td><td>nice,</td></tr> +<tr><td>chaste,</td><td>delicious,</td><td>esthetical,</td><td>fine,</td><td>tasty.</td></tr> +<tr><td>dainty,</td><td>elegant,</td><td colspan="3">exquisite,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Elegant</i> (L. <i>elegans</i>, select) refers to that assemblage of +qualities which makes anything choice to persons of culture and +refinement; it refers to the lighter, finer elements of beauty in +form or motion, especially denoting that which exhibits faultless +taste and perfection of finish. That which is <i>elegant</i> is made so +not merely by nature, but by art and culture; a woodland dell +may be beautiful or picturesque, but would not ordinarily be +termed <i>elegant</i>. <i>Tasteful</i> refers to that in which the element of +taste is more prominent, standing, as it were, more by itself, while +in <i>elegant</i> it is blended as part of the whole. <i>Tasty</i> is an inferior +word, used colloquially in a similar sense. <i>Chaste</i> (primarily +<i>pure</i>), denotes in literature and art that which is true to the higher +and finer feelings and free from all excess or meretricious ornament. +<i>Dainty</i> and <i>delicate</i> refer to the lighter and finer elements +of taste and beauty, <i>dainty</i> tending in personal use to an excessive +scrupulousness which is more fully expressed by <i>fastidious</i>. <i>Nice</i> +and <i>delicate</i> both refer to exact adaptation to some standard; the +bar of a balance can be said to be nicely or delicately poised; as +regards matters of taste and beauty, <i>delicate</i> is a higher and more +discriminating word than <i>nice</i>, and is always used in a favorable +sense; a <i>delicate</i> distinction is one worth observing; a <i>nice</i> distinction +may be so, or may be overstrained and unduly subtle; <i>fine</i> +in such use, is closely similar to <i>delicate</i> and <i>nice</i>, but (tho capable +of an unfavorable sense) has commonly a suggestion of positive +excellence or admirableness; a <i>fine</i> touch does something; <i>fine</i> +perceptions are to some purpose; <i>delicate</i> is capable of the single +unfavorable sense of frail or fragile; as, a <i>delicate</i> constitution. +<i>Esthetic</i> or <i>esthetical</i> refers to beauty or the appreciation of the +beautiful, especially from the philosophic point of view. <i>Exquisite</i> +denotes the utmost perfection of the <i>elegant</i> in minute details; +we speak of an <i>elegant</i> garment, an <i>exquisite</i> lace. <i>Exquisite</i> is +also applied to intense keenness of any feeling; as, <i>exquisite</i> +delight; <i>exquisite</i> pain. See <span class="smcl"><a href="#BEAUTIFUL">BEAUTIFUL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DELICIOUS">DELICIOUS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#FINE">FINE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>clumsy,</td><td>displeasing,</td><td>grotesque,</td><td>inartistic,</td><td>rough,</td></tr> +<tr><td>coarse,</td><td>distasteful,</td><td>harsh,</td><td>inharmonious,</td><td>rude,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deformed,</td><td>fulsome,</td><td>hideous,</td><td>meretricious,</td><td>rugged,</td></tr> +<tr><td>disgusting,</td><td>gaudy,</td><td>horrid,</td><td>offensive,</td><td>tawdry.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span></p> + +<h3>TEACH.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>discipline,</td><td>give instruction,</td><td>inform,</td><td>nurture,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drill,</td><td>give lessons,</td><td>initiate,</td><td>school,</td></tr> +<tr><td>educate,</td><td>inculcate,</td><td>instill,</td><td>train,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enlighten,</td><td>indoctrinate,</td><td>instruct,</td><td>tutor.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>teach</i> is simply to communicate knowledge; to <i>instruct</i> +(originally, to build in or into, put in order) is to impart knowledge +with special method and completeness; <i>instruct</i> has also an +authoritative sense nearly equivalent to command. To <i>educate</i> +is to draw out or develop harmoniously the mental powers, and, +in the fullest sense, the moral powers as well. To <i>train</i> is to +direct to a certain result powers already existing. <i>Train</i> is used +in preference to <i>educate</i> when the reference is to the inferior animals +or to the physical powers of man; as, to <i>train</i> a horse; to +<i>train</i> the hand or eye. To <i>discipline</i> is to bring into habitual and +complete subjection to authority; <i>discipline</i> is a severe word, and +is often used as a euphemism for <i>punish</i>; to be thoroughly effective +in war, soldiers must be <i>disciplined</i> as well as <i>trained</i>. To +<i>nurture</i> is to furnish the care and sustenance necessary for physical, +mental, and moral growth; <i>nurture</i> is a more tender and +homelike word than <i>educate</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#EDUCATION">EDUCATION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TEMERITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>audacity,</td><td>heedlessness,</td><td>presumption,</td></tr> +<tr><td>foolhardiness,</td><td>over-confidence,</td><td>rashness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hardihood,</td><td>precipitancy,</td><td>recklessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>hastiness,</td><td>precipitation,</td><td>venturesomeness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Rashness</i> applies to the actual rushing into danger without +counting the cost; <i>temerity</i> denotes the needless exposure of +oneself to peril which is or might be clearly seen to be such. +<i>Rashness</i> is used chiefly of bodily acts, <i>temerity</i> often of mental +or social matters; there may be a noble <i>rashness</i>, but <i>temerity</i> is +always used in a bad sense. We say it is amazing that one should +have had the <i>temerity</i> to make a statement which could be readily +proved a falsehood, or to make an unworthy proposal to one sure +to resent it; in such use <i>temerity</i> is often closely allied to <i>hardihood</i>, +<i>audacity</i>, or <i>presumption</i>. <i>Venturesomeness</i> dallies on the +edge of danger and experiments with it; <i>foolhardiness</i> rushes in +for want of sense, <i>heedlessness</i> for want of attention, <i>rashness</i> for +want of reflection, <i>recklessness</i> from disregard of consequences. +<i>Audacity</i>, in the sense here considered, denotes a dashing and +somewhat reckless courage, in defiance of conventionalities, or of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span> +other men's opinions, or of what would be deemed probable consequences; +as, the <i>audacity</i> of a successful financier. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#EFFRONTERY">EFFRONTERY</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>care,</td><td>caution,</td><td>circumspection,</td><td>cowardice,</td><td>hesitation,</td><td>timidity,</td><td>wariness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TERM" id="TERM"></a>TERM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>article,</td><td>denomination,</td><td>member,</td><td>phrase,</td></tr> +<tr><td>condition,</td><td>expression,</td><td>name,</td><td>word.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Term</i> in its figurative uses always retains something of its literal +sense of a boundary or limit. The <i>articles</i> of a contract or other +instrument are simply the portions into which it is divided for +convenience; the <i>terms</i> are the essential statements on which its +validity depends—as it were, the landmarks of its meaning or +power; a <i>condition</i> is a contingent <i>term</i> which may become fixed +upon the happening of some contemplated event. In logic a <i>term</i> +is one of the essential members of a proposition, the boundary of +statement in some one direction. Thus, in general use <i>term</i> is more +restricted than <i>word</i>, <i>expression</i>, or <i>phrase</i>; a <i>term</i> is a <i>word</i> that +limits meaning to a fixed point of statement or to a special class of +subjects, as when we speak of the definition of <i>terms</i>, that is of +the key-<i>words</i> in any discussion; or we say, that is a legal or scientific +<i>term</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#BOUNDARY">BOUNDARY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DICTION">DICTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TERSE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brief,</td><td>concise,</td><td>neat,</td><td>short,</td></tr> +<tr><td>compact,</td><td>condensed,</td><td>pithy,</td><td rowspan="2">succinct.</td></tr> +<tr><td>compendious,</td><td>laconic,</td><td>sententious,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Anything <i>short</i> or <i>brief</i> is of relatively small extent. That +which is <i>concise</i> (L. <i>con-</i>, with, together, and <i>cædo</i>, cut) is trimmed +down, and that which is <i>condensed</i> (L. <i>con-</i>, with, together, and +<i>densus</i>, thick) is, as it were, pressed together, so as to include as +much as possible within a small space. That which is <i>compendious</i> +(L. <i>com-</i>, together, and <i>pendo</i>, weigh) gathers the substance of +a matter into a few words, weighty and effective. The <i>succinct</i> +(L. <i>succinctus</i>, from <i>sub-</i>, under, and <i>cingo</i>, gird; girded from +below) has an alert effectiveness as if girded for action. The <i>summary</i> +is compacted to the utmost, often to the point of abruptness; +as, we speak of a <i>summary</i> statement or a <i>summary</i> dismissal. +That which is <i>terse</i> (L. <i>tersus</i>, from <i>tergo</i>, rub off) has an elegant +and finished completeness within the smallest possible compass, as<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span> +if rubbed or polished down to the utmost. A <i>sententious</i> style is +one abounding in sentences that are singly striking or memorable, +apart from the context; the word may be used invidiously of that +which is pretentiously oracular. A <i>pithy</i> utterance gives the gist +of a matter effectively, whether in rude or elegant style.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>diffuse,</td><td>lengthy,</td><td>long,</td><td>prolix,</td><td>tedious,</td><td>verbose,</td><td>wordy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TESTIMONY" id="TESTIMONY"></a>TESTIMONY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>affidavit,</td><td>attestation,</td><td>deposition,</td><td>proof,</td></tr> +<tr><td>affirmation,</td><td>certification,</td><td>evidence,</td><td>witness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Testimony</i>, in legal as well as in common use, signifies the +statements of witnesses. <i>Deposition</i> and <i>affidavit</i> denote <i>testimony</i> +reduced to writing; the <i>deposition</i> differs from the <i>affidavit</i> +in that the latter is voluntary and without cross-examination, +while the former is made under interrogatories and subject to +cross-examination. <i>Evidence</i> is a broader term, including the <i>testimony</i> +of witnesses and all facts of every kind that tend to prove +a thing true; we have the <i>testimony</i> of a traveler that a fugitive +passed this way; his footprints in the sand are additional <i>evidence</i> +of the fact. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DEMONSTRATION">DEMONSTRATION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OATH">OATH</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>THEREFORE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accordingly,</td><td>consequently,</td><td>then,</td><td>whence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>because,</td><td>hence,</td><td>thence,</td><td>wherefore.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Therefore</i>, signifying for that (or this) reason, is the most precise +and formal word for expressing the direct conclusion of a +chain of reasoning; <i>then</i> carries a similar but slighter sense of +inference, which it gives incidentally rather than formally; as, +"All men are mortal; Cæsar is a man; <i>therefore</i> Cæsar is mortal;" +or, "The contract is awarded; <i>then</i> there is no more to be +said." <i>Consequently</i> denotes a direct result, but more frequently +of a practical than a theoretic kind; as, "Important matters +demand my attention; <i>consequently</i> I shall not sail to-day." <i>Consequently</i> +is rarely used in the formal conclusions of logic or +mathematics, but marks rather the freer and looser style of rhetorical +argument. <i>Accordingly</i> denotes correspondence, which +may or may not be consequence; it is often used in narration; as, +"The soldiers were eager and confident; <i>accordingly</i> they sprang +forward at the word of command." <i>Thence</i> is a word of more<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> +sweeping inference than <i>therefore</i>, applying not merely to a +single set of premises, but often to all that has gone before, including +the reasonable inferences that have not been formally stated. +<i>Wherefore</i> is the correlative of <i>therefore</i>, and <i>whence</i> of <i>hence</i> or +<i>thence</i>, appending the inference or conclusion to the previous +statement without a break. Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#BECAUSE">BECAUSE</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>THRONG.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>concourse,</td><td>crowd,</td><td>host,</td><td>jam,</td><td>mass,</td><td>multitude,</td><td>press.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>crowd</i> is a company of persons filling to excess the space +they occupy and pressing inconveniently upon one another; the +total number in a <i>crowd</i> may be great or small. <i>Throng</i> is a word +of vastness and dignity, always implying that the persons are +numerous as well as pressed or pressing closely together; there +may be a dense <i>crowd</i> in a small room, but there can not be a +<i>throng</i>. <i>Host</i> and <i>multitude</i> both imply vast numbers, but a <i>multitude</i> +may be diffused over a great space so as to be nowhere a +<i>crowd</i>; <i>host</i> is a military term, and properly denotes an assembly +too orderly for crowding. <i>Concourse</i> signifies a spontaneous gathering +of many persons moved by a common impulse, and has a +suggestion of stateliness not found in the word <i>crowd</i>, while suggesting +less massing and pressure than is indicated by the word +<i>throng</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TIME.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>age,</td><td>duration,</td><td>epoch,</td><td>period,</td><td>sequence,</td><td>term,</td></tr> +<tr><td>date,</td><td>eon,</td><td>era,</td><td>season,</td><td>succession,</td><td>while.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Sequence</i> and <i>succession</i> apply to events viewed as following +one another; <i>time</i> and <i>duration</i> denote something conceived of as +enduring while events take place and acts are done. According +to the necessary conditions of human thought, events are contained +in <i>time</i> as objects are in space, <i>time</i> existing before the event, measuring +it as it passes, and still existing when the event is past. +<i>Duration</i> and <i>succession</i> are more general words than <i>time</i>; we +can speak of infinite or eternal <i>duration</i> or <i>succession</i>, but <i>time</i> +is commonly contrasted with eternity. <i>Time</i> is measured or +measurable <i>duration</i>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span></p> + +<h3>TIP.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>cant,</td><td>dip,</td><td>incline,</td><td>list,</td><td>slope,</td></tr> +<tr><td>careen,</td><td>heel over,</td><td>lean,</td><td>slant,</td><td>tilt.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>tilt</i> or <i>tip</i> is to throw out of a horizontal position by raising +one side or end or lowering the other; the words are closely similar, +but <i>tilt</i> suggests more of fluctuation or instability. <i>Slant</i> and +<i>slope</i> are said of things somewhat fixed or permanent in a position +out of the horizontal or perpendicular; the roof <i>slants</i>, the hill +<i>slopes</i>. <i>Incline</i> is a more formal word for <i>tip</i>, and also for <i>slant</i> +or <i>slope</i>. To <i>cant</i> is to set slantingly; in many cases <i>tip</i> and <i>cant</i> +might be interchanged, but <i>tip</i> is more temporary, often momentary; +one <i>tips</i> a pail so that the water flows over the edge; a +mechanic <i>cants</i> a table by making or setting one side higher than +the other. A vessel <i>careens</i> in the wind; <i>lists</i>, usually, from +shifting of cargo, from water in the hold, etc. <i>Careening</i> is +always toward one side or the other; <i>listing</i> may be forward or +astern as well. To <i>heel over</i> is the same as to <i>careen</i>, and must be +distinguished from "keel over," which is to capsize.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TIRE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>exhaust,</td><td>fatigue,</td><td>harass,</td><td>jade,</td><td>wear out,</td><td>weary.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="6">fag,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>tire</i> is to reduce strength in any degree by exertion; one +may be <i>tired</i> just enough to make rest pleasant, or even unconsciously +<i>tired</i>, becoming aware of the fact only when he ceases +the exertion; or, on the other hand, he may be, according to the +common phrase, "too <i>tired</i> to stir;" but for this extreme condition +the stronger words are commonly used. One who is <i>fatigued</i> +suffers from a conscious and painful lack of strength as the result +of some overtaxing; an invalid may be <i>fatigued</i> with very slight +exertion; when one is <i>wearied</i>, the painful lack of strength is the +result of long-continued demand or strain; one is <i>exhausted</i> when +the strain has been so severe and continuous as utterly to consume +the strength, so that further exertion is for the time impossible. +One is <i>fagged</i> by drudgery; he is <i>jaded</i> by incessant repetition +of the same act until it becomes increasingly difficult or +well-nigh impossible; as, a horse is <i>jaded</i> by a long and unbroken +journey.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>invigorate,</td><td>recreate,</td><td>refresh,</td><td>relax,</td><td>relieve,</td><td>repose,</td><td>rest,</td><td>restore.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span></p> + +<h3>TOOL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>apparatus,</td><td>implement,</td><td>machine,</td><td>utensil,</td></tr> +<tr><td>appliance,</td><td>instrument,</td><td>mechanism,</td><td>weapon.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>tool</i> is something that is both contrived and used for extending +the force of an intelligent agent to something that is to be +operated upon. Those things by which pacific and industrial +operations are performed are alone properly called <i>tools</i>, those +designed for warlike purposes being designated <i>weapons</i>. An +<i>instrument</i> is anything through which power is applied and a +result produced; in general usage, the word is of considerably +wider meaning than <i>tool</i>; as, a piano is a musical <i>instrument</i>. +<i>Instrument</i> is the word usually applied to <i>tools</i> used in scientific +pursuits; as, we speak of a surgeon's or an optician's <i>instruments</i>. +An <i>implement</i> is a mechanical agency considered with reference +to some specific purpose to which it is adapted; as, an agricultural +<i>implement</i>; <i>implements</i> of war. <i>Implement</i> is a less technical and +artificial term than <i>tool</i>. The paw of a tiger might be termed a +terrible <i>implement</i>, but not a <i>tool</i>. A <i>utensil</i> is that which may +be used for some special purpose; the word is especially applied +to articles used for domestic or agricultural purposes; as, kitchen +<i>utensils</i>; farming <i>utensils</i>. An <i>appliance</i> is that which is or may +be applied to the accomplishment of a result, either independently +or as subordinate to something more extensive or important; every +mechanical <i>tool</i> is an <i>appliance</i>, but not every <i>appliance</i> is a <i>tool</i>; +the traces of a harness are <i>appliances</i> for traction, but they are +not <i>tools</i>. <i>Mechanism</i> is a word of wide meaning, denoting any +combination of mechanical devices for united action. A <i>machine</i> +in the most general sense is any mechanical <i>instrument</i> for the +conversion of motion; in this sense a lever is a <i>machine</i>; but in +more commonly accepted usage a <i>machine</i> is distinguished from a +<i>tool</i> by its complexity, and by the combination and coordination +of powers and movements for the production of a result. A chisel +by itself is a <i>tool</i>; when it is set so as to be operated by a crank +and pitman, the entire <i>mechanism</i> is called a <i>machine</i>; as, a mortising-<i>machine</i>. +An <i>apparatus</i> may be a <i>machine</i>, but the word +is commonly used for a collection of distinct articles to be used in +connection or combination for a certain purpose—a mechanical +equipment; as, the <i>apparatus</i> of a gymnasium; especially, for a +collection of <i>appliances</i> for some scientific purpose; as, a chemical +or surgical <i>apparatus</i>; an <i>apparatus</i> may include many <i>tools</i>, +<i>instruments</i>, or <i>implements</i>. <i>Implement</i> is for the most part and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span> +<i>utensil</i> is altogether restricted to the literal sense; <i>instrument</i>, +<i>machine</i>, and <i>tool</i> have figurative use, <i>instrument</i> being used +largely in a good, <i>tool</i> always in a bad sense; <i>machine</i> inclines to +the unfavorable sense, as implying that human agents are made +mechanically subservient to some controlling will; as, an <i>instrument</i> +of Providence; the <i>tool</i> of a tyrant; a political <i>machine</i>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TOPIC.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>division,</td><td>issue,</td><td>motion,</td><td>proposition,</td><td>subject,</td></tr> +<tr><td>head,</td><td>matter,</td><td>point,</td><td>question,</td><td>theme.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>topic</i> (Gr. <i>topos</i>, place) is a <i>head</i> of discourse. Since a <i>topic</i> +for discussion is often stated in the form of a <i>question</i>, <i>question</i> +has come to be extensively used to denote a debatable <i>topic</i>, especially +of a practical nature—an <i>issue</i>; as, the labor <i>question</i>; the +temperance <i>question</i>. In deliberative assemblies a <i>proposition</i> +presented or moved for acceptance is called a <i>motion</i>, and such a +<i>motion</i> or other matter for consideration is known as the <i>question</i>, +since it is or may be stated in interrogative form to be answered +by each member with a vote of "aye" or "no;" a member is +required to speak to the <i>question</i>; the chairman puts the <i>question</i>. +In speaking or writing the general <i>subject</i> or <i>theme</i> may be termed +the <i>topic</i>, tho it is more usual to apply the latter term to the +subordinate <i>divisions</i>, <i>points</i>, or <i>heads</i> of discourse; as, to +enlarge on this <i>topic</i> would carry me too far from my <i>subject</i>; a +pleasant drive will suggest many <i>topics</i> for conversation.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>TRACE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>footmark,</td><td>impression,</td><td>remains,</td><td>token,</td><td>trail,</td></tr> +<tr><td>footprint,</td><td>mark,</td><td>remnant,</td><td>track,</td><td>vestige.</td></tr> +<tr><td>footstep,</td><td>memorial,</td><td colspan="3">sign,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>A <i>memorial</i> is that which is intended or fitted to bring to +remembrance something that has passed away; it may be vast +and stately. On the other hand, a slight <i>token</i> of regard may be +a cherished <i>memorial</i> of a friend; either a concrete object or an +observance may be a <i>memorial</i>. A <i>vestige</i> is always slight compared +with that whose existence it recalls; as, scattered mounds +containing implements, weapons, etc., are <i>vestiges</i> of a former civilization. +A <i>vestige</i> is always a part of that which has passed away; +a <i>trace</i> may be merely the <i>mark</i> made by something that has +been present or passed by, and that is still existing, or some slight<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> +evidence of its presence or of the effect it has produced; as, <i>traces</i> +of game were observed by the hunter. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CHARACTERISTIC">CHARACTERISTIC</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TRANSACT" id="TRANSACT"></a>TRANSACT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accomplish,</td><td>carry on,</td><td>do,</td><td>perform,</td></tr> +<tr><td>act,</td><td>conduct,</td><td>negotiate,</td><td>treat.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>There are many acts that one may <i>do</i>, <i>accomplish</i>, or <i>perform</i> +unaided; what he <i>transacts</i> is by means of or in association with +others; one may <i>do</i> a duty, <i>perform</i> a vow, <i>accomplish</i> a task, but +he <i>transacts</i> business, since that always involves the agency of +others. To <i>negotiate</i> and to <i>treat</i> are likewise collective acts, but +both these words lay stress upon deliberation with adjustment of +mutual claims and interests; <i>transact</i>, while it may depend upon +previous deliberation, states execution only. Notes, bills of exchange, +loans, and treaties are said to be <i>negotiated</i>, the word so +used covering not merely the preliminary consideration, but the +final settlement. <i>Negotiate</i> has more reference to execution than +<i>treat</i>; nations may <i>treat</i> of peace without result, but when a +treaty is <i>negotiated</i>, peace is secured; the citizens of the two +nations are then free to <i>transact</i> business with one another. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#DO">DO</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TRANSACTION" id="TRANSACTION"></a>TRANSACTION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>act,</td><td>action,</td><td>affair,</td><td>business,</td><td>deed,</td><td>doing,</td><td>proceeding.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>One's <i>acts</i> or <i>deeds</i> may be exclusively his own; his <i>transactions</i> +involve the agency or participation of others. A <i>transaction</i> +is something completed; a <i>proceeding</i> is or is viewed as something +in progress; but since <i>transaction</i> is often used to include +the steps leading to the conclusion, while <i>proceedings</i> may result +in <i>action</i>, the dividing line between the two words becomes sometimes +quite faint, tho <i>transaction</i> often emphasizes the fact of +something done, or brought to a conclusion. Both <i>transactions</i> +and <i>proceedings</i> are used of the records of a deliberative body, +especially when published; strictly used, the two are distinguished; +as, the Philosophical <i>Transactions</i> of the Royal Society +of London give in full the papers read; the <i>Proceedings</i> of the +American Philological Association give in full the <i>business</i> done, +with mere abstracts of or extracts from the papers read. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ACT_n">ACT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span></p> + +<h3>TRANSCENDENTAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>a priori,</td><td>intuitive,</td><td>original,</td><td>primordial,</td><td>transcendent.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Intuitive</i> truths are those which are in the mind independently +of all experience, not being derived from experience nor limited +by it, as that the whole is greater than a part, or that things which +are equal to the same thing are equal to one another. All <i>intuitive</i> +truths or beliefs are <i>transcendental</i>. But <i>transcendental</i> is a +wider term than <i>intuitive</i>, including all within the limits of +thought that is not derived from experience, as the ideas of space +and time. "Being is <i>transcendental</i>.... As being can not be +included under any genus, but transcends them all, so the properties +or affections of being have also been called <i>transcendental</i>." +K.-F. <i>Vocab. Philos.</i> p. 530. "<i>Transcendent</i> he [Kant] employed +to denote what is wholly beyond experience, being neither given +as an a posteriori nor <i>a priori</i> element of cognition—what therefore +transcends every category of thought." K.-F. <i>Vocab. Philos.</i> +p. 531. <i>Transcendental</i> has been applied in the language of the +Emersonian school to the soul's supposed <i>intuitive</i> knowledge of +things divine and human, so far as they are capable of being known +to man. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#MYSTERIOUS">MYSTERIOUS</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="TRANSIENT" id="TRANSIENT"></a>TRANSIENT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brief,</td><td>fleeting,</td><td>fugitive,</td><td>short,</td></tr> +<tr><td>ephemeral,</td><td>flitting,</td><td>momentary,</td><td>temporary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>evanescent,</td><td>flying,</td><td>passing,</td><td>transitory.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Transient</i> and <i>transitory</i> are both derived from the same original +source (L. <i>trans</i>, over, and <i>eo</i>, go), denoting that which quickly +passes or is passing away, but there is between them a fine shade +of difference. A thing is <i>transient</i> which in fact is not lasting; a +thing is <i>transitory</i> which by its very nature must soon pass away; +a thing is <i>temporary</i> (L. <i>tempus</i>, time) which is intended to last or +be made use of but a little while; as, a <i>transient</i> joy; this <i>transitory</i> +life; a <i>temporary</i> chairman. <i>Ephemeral</i> (Gr. <i>epi</i>, on, and +<i>hemera</i>, day) literally lasting but for a day, often marks more +strongly than <i>transient</i> exceeding brevity of duration; it agrees +with <i>transitory</i> in denoting that its object is destined to pass away, +but is stronger, as denoting not only its certain but its speedy +extinction; thus that which is <i>ephemeral</i> is looked upon as at once +slight and perishable, and the word carries often a suggestion of +contempt; man's life is <i>transitory</i>, a butterfly's existence is +<i>ephemeral</i>; with no solid qualities or worthy achievements a pretender<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span> +may sometimes gain an <i>ephemeral</i> popularity. That which +is <i>fleeting</i> is viewed as in the act of passing swiftly by, and that +which is <i>fugitive</i> (L. <i>fugio</i>, flee) as eluding attempts to detain it; +that which is <i>evanescent</i> (L. <i>evanesco</i>, from <i>e</i>, out, and <i>vanus</i>, +empty, vain) as in the act of vanishing even while we gaze, as the +hues of the sunset.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abiding,</td><td>eternal,</td><td>immortal,</td><td>lasting,</td><td>perpetual,</td><td>undying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enduring,</td><td>everlasting,</td><td>imperishable,</td><td>permanent,</td><td>persistent,</td><td>unfading.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="UNION" id="UNION"></a>UNION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>coalition,</td><td>conjunction,</td><td>juncture,</td><td>unification,</td></tr> +<tr><td>combination,</td><td>junction,</td><td>oneness,</td><td>unity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Unity</i> is <i>oneness</i>, the state of being one, especially of that +which never has been divided or of that which can not be conceived +of as resolved into parts; as, the <i>unity</i> of God or the <i>unity</i> +of the human soul. <i>Union</i> is a bringing together of things that +have been distinct, so that they combine or coalesce to form a new +whole, or the state or condition of things thus brought together; +in a <i>union</i> the separate individuality of the things united is never +lost sight of; we speak of the <i>union</i> of the parts of a fractured +bone or of the <i>union</i> of hearts in marriage. But <i>unity</i> can be +said of that which is manifestly or even conspicuously made up +of parts, when a single purpose or ideal is so subserved by all +that their possible separateness is lost sight of; as, we speak of +the <i>unity</i> of the human body, or of the <i>unity</i> of the church. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLIANCE">ALLIANCE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ASSOCIATION">ASSOCIATION</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ATTACHMENT">ATTACHMENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#HARMONY">HARMONY</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#MARRIAGE">MARRIAGE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>analysis,</td><td>decomposition,</td><td>disjunction,</td><td>disunion,</td><td>divorce,</td><td>separation,</td></tr> +<tr><td>contrariety,</td><td>disconnection,</td><td>dissociation,</td><td>division,</td><td>schism,</td><td>severance.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="USUAL" id="USUAL"></a>USUAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>accustomed,</td><td>everyday,</td><td>general,</td><td>ordinary,</td><td>public,</td></tr> +<tr><td>common,</td><td>familiar,</td><td>habitual,</td><td>prevailing,</td><td>regular,</td></tr> +<tr><td>customary,</td><td>frequent,</td><td>normal,</td><td>prevalent,</td><td>wonted.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Usual</i> (L. <i>usus</i>, use, habit, wont) signifies such as regularly or +often recurs in the ordinary course of events, or is habitually repeated +in the life of the same person. <i>Ordinary</i> (L. <i>ordo</i>, order) +signifies according to an established order, hence of <i>everyday</i> occurrence. +In strictness, <i>common</i> and <i>general</i> apply to the greater +number of individuals in a class; but both words are in good use as<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> +applying to the greater number of instances in a series, so that it +is possible to speak of one person's <i>common</i> practise or <i>general</i> +custom, tho <i>ordinary</i> or <i>usual</i> would in such case be preferable. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#GENERAL">GENERAL</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#NORMAL">NORMAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>exceptional,</td><td>infrequent,</td><td>rare,</td><td>strange,</td><td>unparalleled,</td></tr> +<tr><td>extraordinary,</td><td>out-of-the-way,</td><td>singular,</td><td>uncommon,</td><td>unusual.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="UTILITY" id="UTILITY"></a>UTILITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>advantage,</td><td>expediency,</td><td>serviceableness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avail,</td><td>profit,</td><td>use,</td></tr> +<tr><td>benefit,</td><td>service,</td><td>usefulness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Utility</i> (L. <i>utilis</i>, useful) signifies primarily the quality of being +useful, but is somewhat more abstract and philosophical than <i>usefulness</i> +or <i>use</i>, and is often employed to denote adaptation to produce +a valuable result, while <i>usefulness</i> denotes the actual production +of such result. We contrast beauty and <i>utility</i>. We say +of an invention, its <i>utility</i> is questionable, or, on the other hand, +its <i>usefulness</i> has been proved by ample trial, or I have found it +of <i>use</i>; still, <i>utility</i> and <i>usefulness</i> are frequently interchanged. +<i>Expediency</i> (L. <i>ex</i>, out, and <i>pes</i>, foot; literally, the getting the foot +out) refers primarily to escape from or avoidance of some difficulty +or trouble; either <i>expediency</i> or <i>utility</i> may be used to signify +<i>profit</i> or <i>advantage</i> considered apart from right as the +ground of moral obligation, or of actions that have a moral character, +<i>expediency</i> denoting immediate <i>advantage</i> on a contracted +view, and especially with reference to avoiding danger, difficulty, +or loss, while <i>utility</i> may be so broadened as to cover all existence +through all time, as in the utilitarian theory of morals. +<i>Policy</i> is often used in a kindred sense, more positive than <i>expediency</i> +but narrower than <i>utility</i>, as in the proverb, "Honesty is +the best <i>policy</i>." Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PROFIT">PROFIT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disadvantage,</td><td>futility,</td><td>inadequacy,</td><td>inutility,</td><td>uselessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>folly,</td><td>impolicy,</td><td>inexpediency,</td><td>unprofitableness,</td><td>worthlessness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VACANT" id="VACANT"></a>VACANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>blank,</td><td>leisure,</td><td>unfilled,</td><td>untenanted,</td><td>void,</td></tr> +<tr><td>empty,</td><td>unemployed,</td><td>unoccupied,</td><td>vacuous,</td><td>waste.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>That is <i>empty</i> which contains nothing; that is <i>vacant</i> which +is without that which has filled or might be expected to fill it; +<i>vacant</i> has extensive reference to rights or possibilities of occupancy.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span> +A <i>vacant</i> room may not be <i>empty</i>, and an <i>empty</i> house +may not be <i>vacant</i>. <i>Vacant</i>, as derived from the Latin, is applied +to things of some dignity; <i>empty</i>, from the Saxon, is preferred +in speaking of slight, common, or homely matters, tho +it may be applied with special force to the highest; we speak of +<i>empty</i> space, a <i>vacant</i> lot, an <i>empty</i> dish, an <i>empty</i> sleeve, a <i>vacant</i> +mind, an <i>empty</i> heart, an <i>empty</i> boast, a <i>vacant</i> office, a <i>vacant</i> or +<i>leisure</i> hour. <i>Void</i> and <i>devoid</i> are rarely used in the literal sense, +but for the most part confined to abstract relations, <i>devoid</i> being +followed by <i>of</i>, and having with that addition the effect of a +prepositional phrase; as, the article is <i>devoid of</i> sense; the contract +is <i>void</i> for want of consideration. <i>Waste</i>, in this connection, +applies to that which is made so by devastation or ruin, or +gives an impression of desolation, especially as combined with +vastness, probably from association of the words <i>waste</i> and vast: +<i>waste</i> is applied also to uncultivated or unproductive land, if of +considerable extent; we speak of a <i>waste</i> track or region, but not +of a <i>waste</i> city lot. <i>Vacuous</i> refers to the condition of being +<i>empty</i> or <i>vacant</i>, regarded as continuous or characteristic.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>brimful,</td><td>busy,</td><td>filled,</td><td>inhabited,</td><td>overflowing,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brimmed,</td><td>crammed,</td><td>full,</td><td>jammed,</td><td>packed,</td></tr> +<tr><td>brimming,</td><td>crowded,</td><td>gorged,</td><td>occupied,</td><td>replete.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VAIN" id="VAIN"></a>VAIN.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>abortive,</td><td>futile,</td><td>shadowy,</td><td>unsatisfying,</td></tr> +<tr><td>baseless,</td><td>idle,</td><td>trifling,</td><td>unserviceable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bootless,</td><td>inconstant,</td><td>trivial,</td><td>unsubstantial,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deceitful,</td><td>ineffectual,</td><td>unavailing,</td><td>useless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delusive,</td><td>nugatory,</td><td>unimportant,</td><td>vapid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>empty,</td><td>null,</td><td>unprofitable,</td><td>visionary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fruitless,</td><td>profitless,</td><td>unreal,</td><td>worthless.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Vain</i> (L. <i>vanus</i>, empty) keeps the etymological idea through +all changes of meaning; a <i>vain</i> endeavor is <i>empty</i> of result, or of +adequate power to produce a result, a <i>vain</i> pretension is <i>empty</i> or +destitute of support, a <i>vain</i> person has a conceit that is <i>empty</i> or +destitute of adequate cause or reason. That which is <i>bootless</i>, +<i>fruitless</i>, or <i>profitless</i> fails to accomplish any valuable result; that +which is <i>abortive</i>, <i>ineffectual</i>, or <i>unavailing</i> fails to accomplish a +result that it was, or was supposed to be, adapted to accomplish. +That which is <i>useless</i>, <i>futile</i>, or <i>vain</i> is inherently incapable of +accomplishing a specified result. <i>Useless</i>, in the widest sense,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span> +signifies not of use for any valuable purpose, and is thus closely +similar to <i>valueless</i> and <i>worthless</i>. <i>Fruitless</i> is more final than +<i>ineffectual</i>, as applying to the sum or harvest of endeavor. That +which is <i>useless</i> lacks actual fitness for a purpose; that which is +<i>vain</i> lacks imaginable fitness. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#VACANT">VACANT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#OSTENTATION">OSTENTATION</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#PRIDE">PRIDE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adequate,</td><td>effective,</td><td>powerful,</td><td>solid,</td><td>useful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>advantageous,</td><td>efficient,</td><td>profitable,</td><td>sound,</td><td>valid,</td></tr> +<tr><td>beneficial,</td><td>expedient,</td><td>real,</td><td>substantial,</td><td>valuable,</td></tr> +<tr><td>competent,</td><td>potent,</td><td>serviceable,</td><td>sufficient,</td><td>worthy.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#UTILITY">UTILITY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VENAL" id="VENAL"></a>VENAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>hireling,</td><td>mercenary,</td><td>purchasable,</td><td>salable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Venal</i> (L. <i>venalis</i>, from <i>venum</i>, sale) signifies ready to sell one's +influence, vote, or efforts for money or other consideration; <i>mercenary</i> +(L. <i>mercenarius</i>, from <i>merces</i>, pay, reward) signifies influenced +chiefly or only by desire for gain or reward; thus, etymologically, +the <i>mercenary</i> can be hired, while the <i>venal</i> are openly +or actually for sale; <i>hireling</i> (AS. <i>hyrling</i>, from <i>hyr</i>) signifies +serving for hire or pay, or having the spirit or character of one +who works or of that which is done directly for hire or pay. <i>Mercenary</i> +has especial application to character or disposition; as, a +<i>mercenary</i> spirit; <i>mercenary</i> motives—<i>i. e.</i>, a spirit or motives to +which money is the chief consideration or the moving principle. +The <i>hireling</i>, the <i>mercenary</i>, and the <i>venal</i> are alike in making +principle, conscience, and honor of less account than gold or sordid +considerations; but the <i>mercenary</i> and <i>venal</i> may be simply +open to the bargain and sale which the <i>hireling</i> has already consummated; +a clergyman may be <i>mercenary</i> in making place and +pay of undue importance while not <i>venal</i> enough to forsake his +own communion for another for any reward that could be offered +him. The <i>mercenary</i> may retain much show of independence; +<i>hireling</i> service sacrifices self-respect as well as principle; a public +officer who makes his office tributary to private speculation in +which he is interested is <i>mercenary</i>; if he receives a stipulated recompense +for administering his office at the behest of some leader, +faction, corporation, or the like, he is both <i>hireling</i> and <i>venal</i>; if +he gives essential advantages for pay, without subjecting himself<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> +to any direct domination, his course is <i>venal</i>, but not <i>hireling</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#PAY_n">PAY</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#VENIAL">VENIAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>disinterested,</td><td>honest,</td><td>incorruptible,</td><td>public-spirited,</td><td>unpurchasable.</td></tr> +<tr><td>generous,</td><td>honorable,</td><td colspan="3">patriotic,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VENERATE" id="VENERATE"></a>VENERATE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adore,</td><td>honor,</td><td>respect,</td><td>revere,</td><td>reverence.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In the highest sense, to <i>revere</i> or <i>reverence</i> is to hold in mingled +love and honor with something of sacred fear, as for that which +while lovely is sublimely exalted and brings upon us by contrast +a sense of our unworthiness or inferiority; to <i>revere</i> is a wholly +spiritual act; to <i>reverence</i> is often, tho not necessarily, to give +outward expression to the reverential feeling; we <i>revere</i> or <i>reverence</i> +the divine majesty. <i>Revere</i> is a stronger word than <i>reverence</i> +or <i>venerate</i>. To <i>venerate</i> is to hold in exalted honor without +fear, and is applied to objects less removed from ourselves than +those we <i>revere</i>, being said especially of aged persons, of places +or objects having sacred associations, and of abstractions; we +<i>venerate</i> an aged pastor, the dust of heroes or martyrs, lofty virtue +or self-sacrifice, or some great cause, as that of civil or religious +liberty; we do not <i>venerate</i> God, but <i>revere</i> or <i>reverence</i> him. +We <i>adore</i> with a humble yet free outflowing of soul. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#VENERATION">VENERATION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contemn,</td><td>detest,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>scoff at,</td><td>slight,</td></tr> +<tr><td>despise,</td><td>disdain,</td><td>disregard,</td><td>scorn,</td><td>spurn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VENERATION" id="VENERATION"></a>VENERATION.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>adoration,</td><td>awe,</td><td>dread,</td><td>reverence.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Awe</i> is inspired by that in which there is sublimity or majesty +so overwhelming as to awaken a feeling akin to fear; in <i>awe</i>, considered +by itself, there is no element of esteem or affection, tho the +sense of vastness, power, or grandeur in the object is always +present. <i>Dread</i> is a shrinking apprehension or expectation of +possible harm awakened by any one of many objects or causes, +from that which is overwhelmingly vast and mighty to that which +is productive of momentary physical pain; in its higher uses +<i>dread</i> approaches the meaning of <i>awe</i>, but with more of chilliness +and cowering, and without that subjection of soul to the grandeur<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span> +and worthiness of the object that is involved in <i>awe</i>. <i>Awe</i> is preoccupied +with the object that inspires it; <i>dread</i> with apprehension +of personal consequences. <i>Reverence</i> and <i>veneration</i> are less +overwhelming than <i>awe</i> or <i>dread</i>, and suggest something of +esteem, affection, and personal nearness. We may feel <i>awe</i> of +that which we can not <i>reverence</i>, as a grandly terrible ocean +storm; <i>awe</i> of the divine presence is more distant and less trustful +than <i>reverence</i>. <i>Veneration</i> is commonly applied to things +which are not subjects of <i>awe</i>. <i>Adoration</i>, in its full sense, is +loftier than <i>veneration</i>, less restrained and awed than <i>reverence</i>, +and with more of the spirit of direct, active, and joyful worship. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ESTEEM_v">ESTEEM</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#VENERATE">VENERATE</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>contempt,</td><td>disdain,</td><td>dishonor,</td><td>disregard,</td><td>scorn.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VENIAL" id="VENIAL"></a>VENIAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>excusable,</td><td>pardonable,</td><td>slight,</td><td>trivial.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Venial</i> (L. <i>venia</i>, pardon) signifies capable of being pardoned, +and, in common use, capable of being readily pardoned, easily +overlooked. Aside from its technical ecclesiastical use, <i>venial</i> is +always understood as marking some fault comparatively <i>slight</i> or +<i>trivial</i>. A <i>venial</i> offense is one readily overlooked; a <i>pardonable</i> +offense requires more serious consideration, but on deliberation is +found to be susceptible of pardon. <i>Excusable</i> is scarcely applied +to offenses, but to matters open to doubt or criticism rather than +direct censure; so used, it often falls little short of justifiable; +as, I think, under those circumstances, his action was <i>excusable</i>. +Protestants do not recognize the distinction between <i>venial</i> and +mortal sins. <i>Venial</i> must not be confounded with the very different +word <span class="smcl">VENAL</span>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#VENAL">VENAL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>inexcusable,</td><td>inexpiable,</td><td>mortal,</td><td>unpardonable,</td><td>unjustifiable.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>VERACITY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>candor,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>reality,</td><td>truthfulness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>frankness,</td><td>ingenuousness,</td><td>truth,</td><td>verity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Truth</i> is primarily and <i>verity</i> is always a quality of thought or +speech, especially of speech, as in exact conformity to fact. <i>Veracity</i> +is properly a quality of a person, the habit of speaking and +the disposition to speak the <i>truth</i>; a habitual liar may on some<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span> +occasions speak the <i>truth</i>, but that does not constitute him a man +of <i>veracity</i>; on the other hand, a person of undoubted <i>veracity</i> +may state (through ignorance or misinformation) what is not the +<i>truth</i>. <i>Truthfulness</i> is a quality that may inhere either in a person +or in his statements or beliefs. <i>Candor</i>, <i>frankness</i>, <i>honesty</i>, +and <i>ingenuousness</i> are allied with <i>veracity</i>, and <i>verity</i> with <i>truth</i>, +while <i>truthfulness</i> may accord with either. <i>Truth</i> in a secondary +sense may be applied to intellectual action or moral character, +in the former case becoming a close synonym of <i>veracity</i>; +as, I know him to be a man of <i>truth</i>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deceit,</td><td>duplicity,</td><td>falsehood,</td><td>fiction,</td><td>lie,</td></tr> +<tr><td>deception,</td><td>error,</td><td>falseness,</td><td>guile,</td><td>mendacity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>delusion,</td><td>fabrication,</td><td>falsity,</td><td>imposture,</td><td>untruth.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#DECEPTION">DECEPTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>VERBAL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>literal,</td><td>oral,</td><td>vocal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Oral</i> (L. <i>os</i>, the mouth) signifies uttered through the mouth or +(in common phrase) by word of mouth; <i>verbal</i> (L. <i>verbum</i>, a +word) signifies of, pertaining to, or connected with words, especially +with words as distinguished from the ideas they convey; +<i>vocal</i> (L. <i>vox</i>, the voice) signifies of or pertaining to the voice, +uttered or modulated by the voice, and especially uttered with or +sounding with full, resonant voice; <i>literal</i> (L. <i>litera</i>, a letter) signifies +consisting of or expressed by letters, or according to the +letter, in the broader sense of the exact meaning or requirement +of the words used; what is called "the letter of the law" is its +<i>literal</i> meaning without going behind what is expressed by the +letters on the page. Thus <i>oral</i> applies to that which is given by +spoken words in distinction from that which is written or printed; +as, <i>oral</i> tradition; an <i>oral</i> examination. By this rule we should +in strictness speak of an <i>oral</i> contract or an <i>oral</i> message, but +<i>verbal</i> contract and <i>verbal</i> message, as indicating that which is by +spoken rather than by written words, have become so fixed in the +language that they can probably never be changed; this usage is +also in line with other idioms of the language; as, "I give you +my <i>word</i>," "a true man's <i>word</i> is as good as his bond," "by <i>word</i> +of mouth," etc. A <i>verbal</i> translation may be <i>oral</i> or written, so +that it is word for word; a <i>literal</i> translation follows the construction +and idiom of the original as well as the words; a <i>literal</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span> +translation is more than one that is merely <i>verbal</i>; both <i>verbal</i> +and <i>literal</i> are opposed to <i>free</i>. In the same sense, of attending +to words only, we speak of <i>verbal</i> criticism, a <i>verbal</i> change. +<i>Vocal</i> has primary reference to the human voice; as, <i>vocal</i> sounds, +<i>vocal</i> music; <i>vocal</i> may be applied within certain limits to inarticulate +sounds given forth by other animals than man; as, the +woods were <i>vocal</i> with the songs of birds; <i>oral</i> is never so applied, +but is limited to articulate utterance regarded as having a definite +meaning; as, an <i>oral</i> statement.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>VICTORY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>achievement,</td><td>conquest,</td><td>success,</td><td rowspan="2">triumph.</td></tr> +<tr><td>advantage,</td><td>mastery,</td><td>supremacy,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Victory</i> is the state resulting from the overcoming of an opponent +or opponents in any contest, or from the overcoming of difficulties, +obstacles, evils, etc., considered as opponents or enemies. +In the latter sense any hard-won <i>achievement</i>, <i>advantage</i>, or <i>success</i> +may be termed a <i>victory</i>. In <i>conquest</i> and <i>mastery</i> there is +implied a permanence of state that is not implied in <i>victory</i>. +<i>Triumph</i>, originally denoting the public rejoicing in honor of a +<i>victory</i>, has come to signify also a peculiarly exultant, complete, +and glorious <i>victory</i>. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#CONQUER">CONQUER</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>defeat,</td><td>disappointment,</td><td>failure,</td><td>miscarriage,</td><td>retreat,</td></tr> +<tr><td>destruction,</td><td>disaster,</td><td>frustration,</td><td>overthrow,</td><td>rout.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VIGILANT" id="VIGILANT"></a>VIGILANT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alert,</td><td>cautious,</td><td>on the lookout,</td><td>wary,</td></tr> +<tr><td>awake,</td><td>circumspect,</td><td>sleepless,</td><td>watchful,</td></tr> +<tr><td>careful,</td><td>on the alert,</td><td>wakeful,</td><td>wide-awake.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Vigilant</i> implies more sustained activity and more intelligent +volition than <i>alert</i>; one may be habitually <i>alert</i> by reason of +native quickness of perception and thought, or one may be momentarily +<i>alert</i> under some excitement or expectancy; one who +is <i>vigilant</i> is so with thoughtful purpose. One is <i>vigilant</i> against +danger or harm; he may be <i>alert</i> or <i>watchful</i> for good as well as +against evil; he is <i>wary</i> in view of suspected stratagem, trickery, +or treachery. A person may be <i>wakeful</i> because of some merely +physical excitement or excitability, as through insomnia; yet he +may be utterly careless and negligent in his wakefulness, the reverse +of <i>watchful</i>; a person who is truly <i>watchful</i> must keep himself<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span> +<i>wakeful</i> while on watch, in which case <i>wakeful</i> has something +of mental quality. <i>Watchful</i>, from the Saxon, and <i>vigilant</i>, from +the Latin, are almost exact equivalents; but <i>vigilant</i> has somewhat +more of sharp definiteness and somewhat more suggestion +of volition; one may be habitually <i>watchful</i>; one is <i>vigilant</i> of +set purpose and for direct cause, as in the presence of an enemy. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALERT">ALERT</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>careless,</td><td>heedless,</td><td>inconsiderate,</td><td>oblivious,</td></tr> +<tr><td>drowsy,</td><td>inattentive,</td><td>neglectful,</td><td>thoughtless,</td></tr> +<tr><td>dull,</td><td>incautious,</td><td>negligent,</td><td>unwary.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="VIRTUE" id="VIRTUE"></a>VIRTUE.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>chastity,</td><td>honesty,</td><td>probity,</td><td>truth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>duty,</td><td>honor,</td><td>purity,</td><td>uprightness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>excellence,</td><td>integrity,</td><td>rectitude,</td><td>virtuousness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>faithfulness,</td><td>justice,</td><td>righteousness,</td><td>worth,</td></tr> +<tr><td>goodness,</td><td>morality,</td><td>rightness,</td><td>worthiness.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Virtue</i> (L. <i>virtus</i>, primarily manly strength or courage, from +<i>vir</i>, a man, a hero) is, in its full sense, <i>goodness</i> that is victorious +through trial, perhaps through temptation and conflict. +<i>Goodness</i>, the being morally good, may be much less than <i>virtue</i>, +as lacking the strength that comes from trial and conflict, +or it may be very much more than <i>virtue</i>, as rising sublimely +above the possibility of temptation and conflict—the infantile +as contrasted with the divine <i>goodness</i>. <i>Virtue</i> is distinctively +human; we do not predicate it of God. <i>Morality</i> is conformity +to the moral law in action, whether in matters concerning ourselves +or others, whether with or without right principle. <i>Honesty</i> +and <i>probity</i> are used especially of one's relations to his fellow men, +<i>probity</i> being to <i>honesty</i> much what <i>virtue</i> in some respects is to +<i>goodness</i>; <i>probity</i> is <i>honesty</i> tried and proved, especially in those +things that are beyond the reach of legal requirement; above the +commercial sense, <i>honesty</i> may be applied to the highest truthfulness +of the soul to and with itself and its Maker. <i>Integrity</i>, in the +full sense, is moral wholeness without a flaw; when used, as it +often is, of contracts and dealings, it has reference to inherent +character and principle, and denotes much more than superficial +or conventional <i>honesty</i>. <i>Honor</i> is a lofty <i>honesty</i> that scorns +fraud or wrong as base and unworthy of itself. <i>Honor</i> rises far +above thought of the motto that "<i>honesty</i> is the best policy." +<i>Purity</i> is freedom from all admixture, especially of that which +debases; it is <i>chastity</i> both of heart and life, but of the life because<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span> +from the heart. <i>Duty</i>, the rendering of what is due to any +person or in any relation, is, in this connection, the fulfilment of +moral obligation. <i>Rectitude</i> and <i>righteousness</i> denote conformity +to the standard of right, whether in heart or act; <i>righteousness</i> is +used especially in the religious sense. <i>Uprightness</i> refers especially +to conduct. <i>Virtuousness</i> is a quality of the soul or of +action; in the latter sense it is the essence of virtuous action. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#INNOCENT">INNOCENT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#JUSTICE">JUSTICE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#RELIGION">RELIGION</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>evil,</td><td>vice,</td><td>viciousness,</td><td>wickedness,</td><td>wrong.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#SIN">SIN</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="WANDER" id="WANDER"></a>WANDER.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>deviate,</td><td>diverge,</td><td>go astray,</td><td>range,</td><td>rove,</td><td>swerve,</td></tr> +<tr><td>digress,</td><td>err,</td><td>ramble,</td><td>roam,</td><td>stray,</td><td>veer.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>To <i>wander</i> (AS. <i>windan</i>, wind) is to move in an indefinite or indeterminate +way which may or may not be a departure from a prescribed +way; to <i>deviate</i> (L. <i>de</i>, from, and <i>via</i>, a way) is to turn from +a prescribed or right way, physically, mentally, or morally, usually +in an unfavorable sense; to <i>diverge</i> (L. <i>di</i>, apart, and <i>vergo</i>, incline, +tend) is to turn from a course previously followed or that something +else follows, and has no unfavorable implication; to <i>digress</i> +(L. <i>di</i>, apart, aside, and <i>gradior</i>, step) is used only with reference +to speaking or writing; to <i>err</i> is used of intellectual or moral +action, and of the moral with primary reference to the intellectual, +an error being viewed as in some degree due to ignorance. <i>Range</i>, +<i>roam</i>, and <i>rove</i> imply the traversing of considerable, often of vast, +distances of land or sea; <i>range</i> commonly implies a purpose; as, +cattle <i>range</i> for food; a hunting-dog <i>ranges</i> a field for game. +<i>Roam</i> and <i>rove</i> are often purposeless, and always without definite +aim. To <i>swerve</i> or <i>veer</i> is to turn suddenly from a prescribed or previous +course, and often but momentarily; <i>veer</i> is more capricious +and repetitious; the horse <i>swerves</i> at the flash of a sword; the wind +<i>veers</i>; the ship <i>veers</i> with the wind. To <i>stray</i> is to go in a somewhat +purposeless way aside from the regular path or usual limits or +abode, usually with unfavorable implication; cattle <i>stray</i> from +their pastures; an author <i>strays</i> from his subject; one <i>strays</i> from +the path of virtue. <i>Stray</i> is in most uses a lighter word than +<i>wander</i>. <i>Ramble</i>, in its literal use, is always a word of pleasant +suggestion, but in its figurative use always somewhat contemptuous; +as, <i>rambling</i> talk.</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span></p> + +<h3>WAY.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>alley,</td><td>course,</td><td>lane,</td><td>path,</td><td>route,</td></tr> +<tr><td>avenue,</td><td>driveway,</td><td>pass,</td><td>pathway,</td><td>street,</td></tr> +<tr><td>bridle-path,</td><td>highroad,</td><td>passage,</td><td>road,</td><td>thoroughfare,</td></tr> +<tr><td>channel,</td><td>highway,</td><td>passageway,</td><td>roadway,</td><td>track.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Wherever there is room for one object to pass another there is +a <i>way</i>. A <i>road</i> (originally a ride<i>way</i>) is a prepared <i>way</i> for traveling +with horses or vehicles, always the latter unless the contrary +is expressly stated; a <i>way</i> suitable to be traversed only by foot-passengers +or by animals is called a <i>path</i>, <i>bridle-path</i>, or <i>track</i>; +as, the <i>roads</i> in that country are mere <i>bridle-paths</i>. A <i>road</i> may +be private; a <i>highway</i> or <i>highroad</i> is public, <i>highway</i> being a +specific name for a <i>road</i> legally set apart for the use of the public +forever; a <i>highway</i> may be over water as well as over land. A +<i>route</i> is a line of travel, and may be over many <i>roads</i>. A <i>street</i> +is in some center of habitation, as a city, town, or village; when +it passes between rows of dwellings the country <i>road</i> becomes the +village <i>street</i>. An <i>avenue</i> is a long, broad, and imposing or principal +street. <i>Track</i> is a word of wide signification; we speak of a +goat-<i>track</i> on a mountain-side, a railroad-<i>track</i>, a race-<i>track</i>, the +<i>track</i> of a comet; on a traveled <i>road</i> the line worn by regular +passing of hoofs and wheels in either direction is called the <i>track</i>. +A <i>passage</i> is between any two objects or lines of enclosure, a <i>pass</i> +commonly between mountains. A <i>driveway</i> is within enclosed +grounds, as of a private residence. A <i>channel</i> is a water<i>way</i>. A +<i>thoroughfare</i> is a <i>way</i> through; a <i>road</i> or <i>street</i> temporarily or +permanently closed at any point ceases for such time to be a <i>thoroughfare</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#AIR">AIR</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#DIRECTION">DIRECTION</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="WISDOM" id="WISDOM"></a>WISDOM.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>attainment,</td><td>insight,</td><td>prudence,</td></tr> +<tr><td>depth,</td><td>judgment,</td><td>reason,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discernment,</td><td>judiciousness,</td><td>reasonableness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>discretion,</td><td>knowledge,</td><td>sagacity,</td></tr> +<tr><td>enlightenment,</td><td>learning,</td><td>sense,</td></tr> +<tr><td>erudition,</td><td>prescience,</td><td>skill,</td></tr> +<tr><td>foresight,</td><td>profundity,</td><td>understanding.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="3">information,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Enlightenment</i>, <i>erudition</i>, <i>information</i>, <i>knowledge</i>, <i>learning</i>, +and <i>skill</i> are acquired, as by study or practise. <i>Insight</i>, <i>judgment</i>, +<i>profundity</i> or <i>depth</i>, <i>reason</i>, <i>sagacity</i>, <i>sense</i>, and <i>understanding</i> +are native qualities of mind, tho capable of increase by cultivation. +The other qualities are on the border-line. <i>Wisdom</i> has<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span> +been defined as "the right use of <i>knowledge</i>," or "the use of the +most important means for attaining the best ends," <i>wisdom</i> thus +presupposing <i>knowledge</i> for its very existence and exercise. <i>Wisdom</i> +is mental power acting upon the materials that fullest <i>knowledge</i> +gives in the most effective way. There may be what is +termed "practical <i>wisdom</i>" that looks only to material results; +but in its full sense, <i>wisdom</i> implies the highest and noblest exercise +of all the faculties of the moral nature as well as of the intellect. +<i>Prudence</i> is a lower and more negative form of the same +virtue, respecting outward and practical matters, and largely with +a view of avoiding loss and injury; <i>wisdom</i> transcends <i>prudence</i>, +so that while the part of <i>prudence</i> is ordinarily also that of <i>wisdom</i>, +cases arise, as in the exigencies of business or of war, when +the highest <i>wisdom</i> is in the disregard of the maxims of <i>prudence</i>. +<i>Judgment</i>, the power of forming decisions, especially correct decisions, +is broader and more positive than <i>prudence</i>, leading one +to do, as readily as to refrain from doing; but <i>judgment</i> is more +limited in range and less exalted in character than <i>wisdom</i>; to +say of one that he displayed good <i>judgment</i> is much less than to +say that he manifested <i>wisdom</i>. <i>Skill</i> is far inferior to <i>wisdom</i>, +consisting largely in the practical application of acquired <i>knowledge</i>, +power, and habitual processes, or in the ingenious contrivance +that makes such application possible. In the making of +something perfectly useless there may be great <i>skill</i>, but no <i>wisdom</i>. +Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACUMEN">ACUMEN</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#ASTUTE">ASTUTE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#KNOWLEDGE">KNOWLEDGE</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#MIND">MIND</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#PRUDENCE">PRUDENCE</a></span>; +<span class="smcl"><a href="#SAGACIOUS">SAGACIOUS</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#SKILFUL">SKILFUL</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>absurdity,</td><td>folly,</td><td>imbecility,</td><td>miscalculation,</td><td>senselessness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>error,</td><td>foolishness,</td><td>imprudence,</td><td>misjudgment,</td><td>silliness,</td></tr> +<tr><td>fatuity,</td><td>idiocy,</td><td>indiscretion,</td><td>nonsense,</td><td>stupidity.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSURD">ABSURD</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#IDIOCY">IDIOCY</a></span>.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>WIT.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">banter,</td><td align="left">fun,</td><td align="left">joke,</td><td align="left">waggery,</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">burlesque,</td><td align="left">humor,</td><td align="left">playfulness,</td><td align="left">waggishness,</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">drollery,</td><td align="left">jest,</td><td align="left">pleasantry,</td><td align="left">witticism.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">facetiousness,</td><td align="left">jocularity,</td><td colspan="2">raillery,</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Wit</i> is the quick perception of unusual or commonly unperceived +analogies or relations between things apparently unrelated, and +has been said to depend upon a union of surprise and pleasure; it +depends certainly on the production of a diverting, entertaining, +or merrymaking surprise. The analogies with which <i>wit</i> plays<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span> +are often superficial or artificial; <i>humor</i> deals with real analogies +of an amusing or entertaining kind, or with traits of character +that are seen to have a comical side as soon as brought to view. +<i>Wit</i> is keen, sudden, brief, and sometimes severe; <i>humor</i> is deep, +thoughtful, sustained, and always kindly. <i>Pleasantry</i> is lighter +and less vivid than <i>wit</i>. <i>Fun</i> denotes the merry results produced +by <i>wit</i> and <i>humor</i>, or by any fortuitous occasion of mirth, and is +pronounced and often hilarious.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">dulness,</td><td align="left">seriousness,</td><td align="left">sobriety,</td><td align="left">solemnity,</td><td align="left">stolidity,</td><td align="left">stupidity.</td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="6">gravity,</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3>WORK.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">achievement,</td><td align="left">doing,</td><td align="left">labor,</td><td align="left">product,</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">action,</td><td align="left">drudgery,</td><td align="left">occupation,</td><td align="left">production,</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">business,</td><td align="left">employment,</td><td align="left">performance,</td><td align="left">toil.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">deed,</td><td colspan="3">exertion.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Work</i> is the generic term for any continuous application of +energy toward an end; <i>work</i> may be hard or easy. <i>Labor</i> is hard +and wearying <i>work</i>; <i>toil</i> is straining and exhausting <i>work</i>. <i>Work</i> +is also used for any result of working, physical or mental, and has +special senses, as in mechanics, which <i>labor</i> and <i>toil</i> do not share. +<i>Drudgery</i> is plodding, irksome, and often menial <i>work</i>. Compare +<span class="smcl"><a href="#ACT_n">ACT</a></span>; <span class="smcl"><a href="#BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tba" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">ease,</td><td align="left">idleness,</td><td align="left">leisure,</td><td align="left">recreation,</td><td align="left">relaxation,</td><td align="left">repose,</td><td align="left">rest,</td><td align="left">vacation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="YET" id="YET"></a>YET.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">besides,</td><td align="left">further,</td><td align="left">hitherto,</td><td align="left">now,</td><td align="left">still,</td><td align="left">thus far.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Yet</i> and <i>still</i> have many closely related senses, and, with verbs +of past time, are often interchangeable; we may say "while he +was <i>yet</i> a child," or "while he was <i>still</i> a child." <i>Yet</i>, like <i>still</i>, +often applies to past action or state extending to and including the +present time, especially when joined with <i>as</i>; we can say "he is +feeble <i>as yet</i>," or "he is <i>still</i> feeble," with scarcely appreciable +difference of meaning, except that the former statement implies +somewhat more of expectation than the latter. <i>Yet</i> with a negative +applies to completed action, often replacing a positive statement +with <i>still</i>; "he is not gone <i>yet</i>" is nearly the same as "he +is here <i>still</i>." <i>Yet</i> has a reference to the future which <i>still</i> does +not share; "we may be successful <i>yet</i>" implies that success may +begin at some future time; "we may be successful <i>still</i>" implies<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span> +that we may continue to enjoy in the future such success as we +are winning now.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><a name="YOUTHFUL" id="YOUTHFUL"></a>YOUTHFUL.</h3> + +<h4>Synonyms:</h4> + +<table class="tbs" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">adolescent,</td><td align="left">callow,</td><td align="left">childlike,</td><td align="left">immature,</td><td align="left">puerile,</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">boyish,</td><td align="left">childish,</td><td align="left">girlish,</td><td align="left">juvenile,</td><td align="left">young.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Boyish</i>, <i>childish</i>, and <i>girlish</i> are used in a good sense of those +to whom they properly belong, but in a bad sense of those from +whom more maturity is to be expected; <i>childish</i> eagerness or glee +is pleasing in a child, but unbecoming in a man; <i>puerile</i> in modern +use is distinctly contemptuous. <i>Juvenile</i> and <i>youthful</i> are +commonly used in a favorable and kindly sense in their application +to those still <i>young</i>; <i>youthful</i> in the sense of having the characteristics +of youth, hence fresh, vigorous, light-hearted, buoyant, +may have a favorable import as applied to any age, as when we +say the old man still retains his <i>youthful</i> ardor, vigor, or hopefulness; +<i>juvenile</i> in such use would belittle the statement. <i>Young</i> +is distinctively applied to those in the early stage of life or not +arrived at maturity. Compare <span class="smcl"><a href="#NEW">NEW</a></span>.</p> + +<h4>Antonyms:</h4> + +<p>Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#OLD">OLD</a></span>.</p> + +<hr class="chr" /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span></p> +<h2>SUGGESTIONS TO THE TEACHER.</h2> + +<p>The following exercises have been prepared expressly and solely to accompany +the preceding text in which the distinctions of synonyms have been carefully pointed +out. It is not expected, intended, or desired that the questions should be answered +or the blanks in the examples supplied offhand. In such study nothing can be +worse than guesswork. Hence, leading questions have been avoided, and the order +of synonyms given in Part I. has frequently been departed from or reversed in +Part II.</p> + +<p>To secure the study of Part I. before coming into class, pupils should not be +allowed to open it during recitation, unless on rare occasions to settle doubtful or +disputed points. The very best method will be found to be to have the examples +included in the lesson, with any others that may be added, copied on the blackboard +before recitation, and no books brought into class.</p> + +<p>The <i>teacher</i> should make a thorough study of the subject, not only mastering +what is given in Part I., but going beyond the necessarily brief statements there +given, and consulting the ultimate authorities—the best dictionaries and the works +of the best speakers and writers. For the latter purpose a good cyclopedia of quotations, +like the Hoyt, will be found very helpful. The teacher should so study out +the subject as to be distinctly in advance of the class and able to speak authoritatively. +Such independent study will be found intensely interesting, and can be made +delightful and even fascinating to any intelligent class.</p> + +<p>In answer to questions calling for definitive statement, the teacher should insist +upon the very words of the text, unless the pupil can give in his own words what is +manifestly as good. This will often be found not easy to do. Definition by synonym +should be absolutely forbidden.</p> + +<p>Reasonable questions should be encouraged, but the class should not be allowed +to become a debating society. The meaning of English words is not a matter of +conjecture, and all disputed points should be promptly referred to the dictionary—usually +to be looked up after the recitation, and considered, if need be, at the next recitation. +The majority of them will not need to be referred to again, as the difficulties +will simply represent an inferior usage which the dictionary will brush aside. One +great advantage of synonym study is to exterminate colloquialisms.</p> + +<p>The class should be encouraged to bring quotations from first-class authors with +blanks to be filled, such quotations being held authoritative, though not infallible; +also quotations from the best newspapers, periodicals, speeches, etc., with words +underlined for criticism, such quotations being held open to revision upon consultation +of authorities. The change of usage, whereby that may be correct to-day which +would not have been so at an earlier period, should be carefully noted, but always +upon the authority of an approved dictionary.</p> + +<p>The examples have been in great part selected from the best literature, and all +others carefully prepared for this work. Hence, an appropriate word to fill each +blank can always be found by careful study of the corresponding group of synonyms. +In a few instances, either of two words would appropriately fill a blank and yield a +good sense. In such case, either should be accepted as correct, but the resulting +difference of meaning should be clearly pointed out.</p> + +<hr class="chr" /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span></p> +<h2>PART II.</h2> + +<h2><big>QUESTIONS AND EXAMPLES.</big></h2> + +<hr /><div class="bk3"> + +<h3><b>ABANDON</b> (<a href="#Page_1">page 1</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what objects or classes of objects does <i>abandon</i> apply? <i>abdicate</i>? <i>cede</i>? +<i>quit</i>? <i>resign</i>? <i>surrender</i>? <b>2.</b> Is <i>abandon</i> used in the favorable or unfavorable +sense? <i>desert</i> favorable or unfavorable? <i>forsake</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>abandon</i> +commonly denote of previous relationship? <i>forsake</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The soldiers —— his standard in such numbers that the commander found it +necessary to —— the enterprise.</p> + +<p>France was compelled to —— Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.</p> + +<p>In the height of his power Charles V. —— the throne.</p> + +<p>Finding resistance vain, the defenders agreed to —— the fortress.</p> + +<p>To the surprise of his friends, Senator Conkling suddenly —— his office.</p> + +<p>At the stroke of the bell, the men instantly —— work.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABASE</b> (<a href="#Page_2">page 2</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>abase</i> differ from <i>debase</i>? <i>humble</i> from <i>humiliate</i>? <i>degrade</i> from +<i>disgrace</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To provide funds, the king resolved to —— the coinage.</p> + +<p>He came from the scene of his disgrace, haughty and defiant, —— but not ——.</p> + +<p>The officer who had —— himself by cowardice was —— to the ranks.</p> + +<p>Only the base in spirit will —— themselves before wealth, rank, and power.</p> + +<p>The messenger was so —— that no heed was paid to his message.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ABASH</b> (<a href="#Page_3">page 3</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What has the effect to make one <i>abashed</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>confuse</i> differ from +<i>abash</i>? <b>3.</b> What do we mean when we say that a person is <i>mortified</i>? <b>4.</b> +Give an instance of the use of <i>mortified</i> where <i>abashed</i> could not be substituted. +Why could not the words be interchanged? <b>5.</b> Can one be <i>daunted</i> +who is not <i>abashed</i>? <b>6.</b> Is <i>embarrass</i> or <i>mortify</i> the stronger word? Give +instances.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The peasant stood —— in the royal presence.</p> + +<p>The numerous questions —— the witness.</p> + +<p>The speaker was —— for a moment, but quickly recovered himself.</p> + +<p>At the revelation of such depravity, I was utterly ——.</p> + +<p>When sensible of his error, the visitor was deeply ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABBREVIATION</b> (<a href="#Page_4">page 4</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Is an <i>abbreviation</i> always a <i>contraction</i>? <b>2.</b> Is a <i>contraction</i> always an <i>abbreviation</i>? +Give instances. <b>3.</b> Can we have an <i>abbreviation</i> of a book, +paragraph, or sentence? What can be <i>abbreviated</i>? and what <i>abridged</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The treatise was already so brief that it did not admit of ——.</p> + +<p>The —— Dr. is used both for Doctor and Debtor.</p> + +<p>F. R. S. is an —— of the title "Fellow of the Royal Society."</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABET</b> (<a href="#Page_4">page 4</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> <i>Abet</i>, <i>incite</i>, <i>instigate</i>: which of these words are used in a good and which in a +bad sense? <b>2.</b> How does <i>abet</i> differ from <i>incite</i> and <i>instigate</i> as to the time +of the action? <b>3.</b> Which of the three words apply to persons and which to +actions? Give instances of the use of <i>abet</i>; <i>instigate</i>; <i>incite</i>.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To further his own schemes, he —— the viceroy to rebel against the king.</p> + +<p>To —— a crime may be worse than to originate it, as arguing less excitement +and more calculation and cowardice.</p> + +<p>The prosecution was evidently malicious, —— by envy and revenge.</p> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">And you that do —— him in this kind<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cherish rebellion, and are rebels all.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABHOR</b> (<a href="#Page_5">page 5</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which is the stronger word, <i>abhor</i> or <i>despise</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>abhor</i> denote? +<b>3.</b> How does Archbishop Trench illustrate the difference between <i>abhor</i> and +<i>shun</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>detest</i> express? <b>5.</b> What does <i>loathe</i> imply? Is it<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span> +physical or moral in its application? <b>6.</b> Give illustrations of the appropriate +uses of the above words.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He had sunk to such degradation as to be utterly —— by all good men.</p> + +<p>Such weakness can only be ——.</p> + +<p>Talebearers and backbiters are everywhere ——.</p> + +<p>—— that which is evil; cleave to that which is good.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABIDE</b> (<a href="#Page_5">page 5</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What limit of time is expressed by <i>abide</i>? by <i>lodge</i>? by <i>live</i>, <i>dwell</i>, <i>reside</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is the meaning of <i>sojourn</i>? <b>3.</b> Should we say one is <i>stopping</i> or +<i>staying</i> at a hotel? and why? <b>4.</b> Give examples of the extended, and of the +limited use of <i>abide</i>.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>One generation passeth away and another generation cometh, but the earth —— forever.</p> + +<p>And there were in the same country shepherds —— in the field, keeping watch +over their flock by night.</p> + +<p>So great was the crowd of visitors that many were compelled to —— in the +neighboring villages.</p> + +<p>He is —— at the Albemarle.</p> + +<p>He has —— for forty years in the same house.</p> + +<p>By faith he —— in the land of promise, as in a strange country.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABOLISH</b> (<a href="#Page_6">page 6</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Is <i>abolish</i> used of persons or material objects? <b>2.</b> Of what is it used? Give +examples. <b>3.</b> What does <i>annihilate</i> signify? Is it stronger or weaker than +<i>abolish</i>? <b>4.</b> What terms do we use for doing away with <i>laws</i>, and how do +those terms differ among themselves? <b>5.</b> What are the differences between +<i>overthrow</i>, <i>suppress</i>, and <i>subvert</i>? especially between the last two of those +words? <b>6.</b> How does <i>prohibit</i> differ from <i>abolish</i>? <b>7.</b> What word do we +especially use of putting an end to a nuisance? <b>8.</b> What other words of this +class are especially referred to? <b>9.</b> Give some antonyms of <i>abolish</i>.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The one great endeavor of Buddhism is to —— sorrow.</p> + +<p>Modern science seems to show conclusively that matter is never ——.</p> + +<p>The law, which had long been —— by the revolutionists, was at last —— by +the legislature.</p> + +<p>The ancient statute was found to have been —— by later enactments, though +never formally ——.</p> + +<p>The Supreme Court —— the adverse decision of the inferior tribunal.</p> + +<p>Even in a republic, sedition should be promptly ——, or it may result in the —— of free institutions.</p> + +<p>From the original settlement of Vineland, New Jersey, the sale of intoxicating +liquor has been ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ABOMINATION</b> (<a href="#Page_7">page 7</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what was <i>abomination</i> originally applied? <b>2.</b> Does it refer to a state of +mind or to some act or other object of thought? <b>3.</b> How does <i>abomination</i> +differ from <i>aversion</i> or <i>disgust</i>? <b>4.</b> How does an <i>abomination</i> differ from +an <i>offense</i>? from crime in general?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>After the ship began to pitch and roll, we could not look upon food without ——.</p> + +<p>It is time that such a —— should be abated.</p> + +<p>Capital punishment was formerly inflicted in England for trivial ——.</p> + +<p>In spite of their high attainments in learning and art, the foulest —— were +prevalent among the Greeks and Romans of classic antiquity.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABRIDGMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_7">page 7</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does an <i>abridgment</i> differ from an <i>outline</i> or a <i>synopsis</i>? from an <i>abstract</i> +or <i>digest</i>? <b>2.</b> How does an <i>abstract</i> or <i>digest</i> differ from an <i>outline</i> or a +<i>synopsis</i>? <b>3.</b> Does an <i>analysis</i> of a treatise deal with what is expressed, or +with what is implied? <b>4.</b> What words may we use to express a condensed +view of a subject, whether derived from a previous publication or not?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The New Testament may be regarded as an —— of religion.</p> + +<p>There are several excellent —— of English literature.</p> + +<p>An —— of the decision of the court was published in all the leading papers.</p> + +<p>The publishers determined to issue an —— of their dictionary.</p> + +<p>Such —— as U. S. for United States should be rarely used, unless in hasty +writing or technical works.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABSOLUTE</b> (<a href="#Page_8">page 8</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>absolute</i> in the strict sense denote? <i>supreme</i>? <b>2.</b> To what are these +words in such sense properly applied? <b>3.</b> How are they used in a modified +sense? <b>4.</b> Is <i>arbitrary</i> ever used in a good sense? What is the chief use? +Give examples. <b>5.</b> How does <i>autocratic</i> differ from <i>arbitrary</i>? both these +words from <i>despotic</i>? <i>despotic</i> from <i>tyrannical</i>? <b>6.</b> Is <i>irresponsible</i> good or +bad in its implication? <i>arbitrary</i>? <i>imperative</i>? <i>imperious</i>? <i>peremptory</i>? +<i>positive</i>? <i>authoritative</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>God alone is —— and ——.</p> + +<p>The Czar of Russia is an —— ruler.</p> + +<p>—— power tends always to be —— in its exercise.</p> + +<p>On all questions of law in the United States the decision of the —— Court is —— and final.</p> + +<p>Learning of the attack on our seamen, the government sent an —— demand +for apology and indemnity.</p> + +<p>Man's —— will and —— intellect have given him dominion over all other +creatures on the earth, so that they are either subjugated or exterminated.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ABSOLVE</b> (<a href="#Page_9">page 9</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original sense of <i>absolve</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does it apply? <b>3.</b> What is +its special sense when used with reference to sins? <b>4.</b> How does it differ +from <i>acquit</i>? <i>forgive</i>? <i>justify</i>? <i>pardon</i>? <b>5.</b> What are the chief antonyms +of <i>absolve</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>No power under heaven can —— a man from his personal responsibility.</p> + +<p>When the facts were known, he was —— of all blame.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABSORB</b> (<a href="#Page_9">page 9</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is a fluid said to be <i>absorbed</i>? <b>2.</b> Is the substance of the <i>absorbing</i> body +changed by that which it <i>absorbs</i>? Give instances. <b>3.</b> How does <i>consume</i> +differ from <i>absorb</i>? <b>4.</b> Give instances of the distinctive uses of <i>engross</i>, +<i>swallow</i>, <i>imbibe</i>, and <i>absorb</i> in the figurative sense. <b>5.</b> What is the difference +between <i>absorb</i> and <i>emit</i>? <i>absorb</i> and <i>radiate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Tho the fuel was rapidly —— within the furnace, very little heat was —— from +the outer surface.</p> + +<p>In setting steel rails special provision must be made for their expansion under +the influence of the heat that they ——.</p> + +<p>Jip stood on the table and barked at Traddles so persistently that he may be said +to have —— the conversation.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABSTINENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_10">page 10</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>abstinence</i> differ from <i>abstemiousness</i>? from <i>self-denial</i>? <b>2.</b> What is +<i>temperance</i> regarding things lawful and worthy? regarding things vicious and +injurious? <b>3.</b> What is the more exact term for the proper course regarding +evil indulgences?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He was so moderate in his desires that his —— seemed to cost him no ——.</p> + +<p>Among the Anglo-Saxons the idea of universal and total —— from all intoxicants +is little more than a century old.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABSTRACT</b>, <i>v.</i>; <b>ABSTRACTED</b> (<a href="#Page_10">page 10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>abstract</i> and <i>separate</i>? between <i>discriminate</i> +and <i>distinguish</i>?<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> <b>2.</b> How does <i>abstract</i>, when said of the mind, differ from +<i>divert</i>? from <i>distract</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>abstracted</i>, <i>absorbed</i>, and <i>preoccupied</i> +differ from <i>absent-minded</i>? <b>4.</b> Can one who is <i>preoccupied</i> be said to be +<i>listless</i> or <i>thoughtless</i>? one who is <i>absent-minded</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He was so —— with these perplexities as to be completely —— of his surroundings.</p> + +<p>The busy student may be excused if ——; in the merely —— or —— it is +intolerable.</p> + +<p>The power to —— one idea from all its associations and view it alone is the —— mark +of a philosophical mind.</p> + +<p>Numerous interruptions in the midst of —— occupations had made him +almost ——.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> <span class="smc">Note.</span> See these words under <span class="smcl"><a href="#DISCERN">DISCERN</a></span> as referred to at the end of the paragraph +on <span class="smcl"><a href="#ABSTRACT">ABSTRACT</a></span> in Part I. The pupil should be instructed, in all cases, to look +up and read over the synonyms referred to by the words in small capitals at the end +of the paragraph in Part I.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABSURD</b> (<a href="#Page_11">page 11</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>absurd</i> and <i>paradoxical</i>? <b>2.</b> What are the distinctions +between <i>irrational</i>, <i>foolish</i>, and <i>silly</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the especial implication +in <i>unreasonable</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>monstrous</i> and <i>preposterous</i> compare +with <i>absurd</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the especial element common to the <i>ludicrous</i>, the +<i>ridiculous</i>, and the <i>nonsensical</i>? <b>6.</b> What are some chief antonyms of <i>absurd</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A statement may be disproved by deducing logically from it a conclusion that +is ——.</p> + +<p>Carlyle delighted in —— utterances.</p> + +<p>The —— hatred of the Jews in the Middle Ages led the populace to believe the +most —— slanders concerning them.</p> + +<p>I attempted to dissuade him from the —— plan, but found him altogether ——; +many of his arguments were so —— as to be positively ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ABUSE</b> (<a href="#Page_12">page 12</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>abuse</i> apply? <b>2.</b> How does <i>abuse</i> differ from <i>damage</i> (as in the +case of rented property, <i>e. g.</i>)? <b>3.</b> How does <i>abuse</i> differ from <i>harm</i>? <b>4.</b> +What words of this group are used in a bad sense? <b>5.</b> Is <i>reproach</i> good or +bad? <b>6.</b> How do <i>persecute</i> and <i>oppress</i> differ? <b>7.</b> Do <i>misemploy</i>, <i>misuse</i>, +and <i>pervert</i> apply to persons or things? To which does <i>abuse</i> apply?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The tenant shall not —— the property beyond reasonable wear.</p> + +<p>—— intellectual gifts make the dangerous villain.</p> + +<p>In his rage he began to —— and —— all who had formerly been his friends.</p> + +<p>To be —— for doing right can never really —— a true man.</p> + +<p>In no way has man —— his fellow man more cruelly than by —— him for his +religious belief.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACCESSORY</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_13">page 13</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which words of this group are used in a good, and which in a bad sense? <b>2.</b> +Which are indifferently either good or bad? <b>3.</b> To what does <i>ally</i> generally +apply? <i>colleague</i>? <b>4.</b> How does an <i>associate</i> compare in rank with a principal?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> +<b>5.</b> Is <i>assistant</i> or <i>attendant</i> the higher word? How do both these words compare +with <i>associate</i>? <b>6.</b> In what sense are <i>follower</i>, <i>henchman</i>, and <i>retainer</i> +used? <i>partner</i>? <b>7.</b> What is the legal distinction between <i>abettor</i> and <i>accessory</i>? +<b>8.</b> To what is <i>accomplice</i> nearly equivalent? Which is the preferred +legal term?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The Senator differed with his —— in this matter.</p> + +<p>The baron rode into town with a great array of armed ——.</p> + +<p>France and Russia seem to have become firm ——.</p> + +<p>The —— called to the —— for a fresh bandage.</p> + +<p>All persons, but especially the young, should take the greatest care in the choice +of their ——.</p> + +<p>As he was not present at the actual commission of the crime, he was held to be +only an —— and not an ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACCIDENT</b> (<a href="#Page_14">page 14</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>accident</i> and <i>chance</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>incident</i> +differ from both? <b>3.</b> What is the special significance of <i>fortune</i>? <b>4.</b> How +does it differ in usage from <i>chance</i>? <b>5.</b> How are <i>accident</i>, <i>misadventure</i>, and +<i>mishap</i> distinguished?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Gambling clings almost inseparably to games of ——.</p> + +<p>Bruises and contusions are regarded as ordinary —— of the cavalry service.</p> + +<p>The prudent man is careful not to tempt —— too far.</p> + +<p>The misplacement of the switch caused a terrible ——.</p> + +<p>Great thoughts and high purposes keep one from being greatly disturbed by the +little —— of daily life.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACQUAINTANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_15">page 15</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>acquaintance</i> between persons imply? <b>2.</b> How does <i>acquaintance</i> +differ from <i>companionship</i>? <i>acquaintance</i> from <i>friendship</i>? from <i>intimacy</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>fellowship</i> differ from <i>friendship</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A public speaker becomes known to many persons whom he does not know, but +who are ready promptly to claim —— with him.</p> + +<p>The —— of life must bring us into —— with many who can not be admitted +within the inner circle of ——.</p> + +<p>The —— of school and college life often develop into the most beautiful and +enduring ——.</p> + +<p>Between those most widely separated by distance of place and time, by language, +station, occupation, and creed, there may yet be true —— of soul.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACRIMONY</b> (<a href="#Page_15">page 15</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>acerbity</i> differ from <i>asperity</i>? <i>asperity</i> from <i>acrimony</i>? <b>2.</b> How is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> +<i>acrimony</i> distinguished from <i>malignity</i>? <i>malignity</i> from <i>virulence</i>? <b>3.</b> What +is implied in the use of the word <i>severity</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A certain —— of speech had become habitual with him.</p> + +<p>To this ill-timed request, he answered with sudden ——.</p> + +<p>A constant sense of injustice may deepen into a settled ——.</p> + +<p>This smooth and pleasing address veiled a deep ——.</p> + +<p>Great —— will be patiently borne if the sufferer is convinced of its essential +justice.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACT</b> (<a href="#Page_16">page 16</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How is <i>act</i> distinguished from <i>action</i>? from <i>deed</i>? <b>2.</b> Which of the words in +this group necessarily imply an external effect? Which may be wholly mental?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He who does the truth will need no instruction as to individual ——s.</p> + +<p>—— is the truth of thought.</p> + +<p>The —— is done.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACTIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_17">page 17</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> With what two sets of words is <i>active</i> allied? <b>2.</b> How does <i>active</i> differ from +<i>busy</i>? from <i>industrious</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>active</i> and <i>restless</i> compare? <b>4.</b> To +what sort of activity does <i>officious</i> refer? <b>6.</b> What are some chief antonyms +of <i>active</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Being of an —— disposition and without settled purpose or definite occupation, +she became —— as a hornet.</p> + +<p>He had his —— days and hours, but could never be properly said to be ——.</p> + +<p>An —— attendant instantly seized upon my baggage.</p> + +<p>The true student is —— from the mere love of learning, independently of its +rewards.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ACUMEN</b> (<a href="#Page_18">page 18</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>sharpness</i>, <i>acuteness</i>, <i>penetration</i>, and <i>insight</i> compare with <i>acumen</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is the special characteristic of <i>acumen</i>? To what order of mind does +it belong? <b>3.</b> What is <i>sagacity</i>? Is it attributed to men or brutes? <b>4.</b> What +is <i>perspicacity</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>shrewdness</i>? Is it ordinarily good or evil? <b>6.</b> +Give illustrations of the uses of the above words as regards the possessors of +the corresponding qualities.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The treatise displays great critical ——.</p> + +<p>The Indians had developed a practical —— that enabled them to follow a trail +by scarcely perceptible signs almost as unerringly as the hound by scent.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ADD</b> (<a href="#Page_18">page 18</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How is <i>add</i> related to <i>increase</i>? How does it differ from <i>multiply</i>? <b>2.</b> What +does <i>augment</i> signify? Of what is it ordinarily used? <b>3.</b> To what does +<i>amplify</i> apply? <b>4.</b> In what ways may a discourse or treatise be <i>amplified</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Care to our coffin —— a nail no doubt;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And every grin, so merry, draws one out.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">—— up at night, what thou hast done by day;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And in the morning what thou hast to do.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADDRESS</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_19">page 19</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>accost</i> always signify? <i>greet</i>? <i>hail</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>salute</i> differ from +<i>accost</i> or <i>greet</i>? <i>address</i>? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>apostrophize</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">The pale snowdrop is springing<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To —— the glowing sun.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— to the Chief who in triumph advances.</p> + +<p>His faithful dog —— the smiling guest.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">—— ye heroes! heaven-born band!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who fought and died in freedom's cause.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADDRESS</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_20">page 20</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>address</i> in the sense here considered? <b>2.</b> What is <i>tact</i>? <b>3.</b> What +qualities are included in <i>address</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">And the tear that is wiped with a little ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">May be follow'd perhaps by a smile.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">The —— of doing doth expresse<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No other but the doer's willingnesse.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking; I could wish —— would +invent some other custom of entertainment.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADEQUATE</b> (<a href="#Page_21">page 21</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do <i>adequate</i>, <i>commensurate</i>, and <i>sufficient</i> alike signify? How does <i>commensurate</i> +specifically differ from the other two words? Give examples. <b>2.</b> +To what do <i>adapted</i>, <i>fit</i>, <i>suitable</i>, and <i>qualified</i> refer? <b>3.</b> Is <i>satisfactory</i> a +very high recommendation of any work? Why? <b>4.</b> Is <i>able</i> or <i>capable</i> the +higher word? Illustrate.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We know not of what we are —— till the trial comes.</p> + +<p>Indeed, left nothing —— for your purpose untouched, slightly handled, in discourse.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ADHERENT</b> (<a href="#Page_21">page 21</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>adherent</i>? <b>2.</b> How does an <i>adherent</i> differ from a <i>supporter</i>? from +a <i>disciple</i>? <b>3.</b> How do both the above words differ from <i>ally</i>? <b>4.</b> Has <i>partisan</i> +a good or a bad sense, and why? <b>5.</b> Is it well to speak of a <i>supporter</i> +as a <i>backer</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Also of your own selves shall men arise speaking perverse things to draw away ——s +after them.</p> + +<p>Woman is woman's natural ——.</p> + +<p>Self-defense compelled the European nations to be ——s against Napoleon.</p> + +<p>The deposed monarch was found to have a strong body of ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADJACENT</b> (<a href="#Page_22">page 22</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>adjacent</i> and <i>adjoining</i>? <i>contiguous</i>? <i>conterminous</i>? +<b>2.</b> What distance is implied in <i>near</i>? <i>neighboring</i>? <b>3.</b> What does +<i>next</i> always imply? <b>4.</b> Give antonyms of <i>adjacent</i>; <i>near</i>.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Stronger by weakness, wiser men become,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As they draw —— to their eternal home.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADMIRE</b> (<a href="#Page_23">page 23</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what sense was <i>admire</i> formerly used? What does it now express? <b>2.</b> How +does <i>admire</i> compare with <i>revere</i>? <i>venerate</i>? <i>adore</i>? Give instances of the +use of these words.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The beautiful are sure to be ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Henceforth the majesty of God ——;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fear him, and you have nothing else to fear.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">I value Science—none can prize it more,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">It gives ten thousand motives to ——:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Be it religious, as it ought to be,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The heart it humbles, and it bows the knee.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ADORN</b> (<a href="#Page_23">page 23</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>adorn</i> differ from <i>ornament</i>? from <i>garnish</i>? from <i>deck</i> or <i>bedeck</i>? +from <i>decorate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">At church, with meek and unaffected grace,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His looks —— the venerable place.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">The red breast oft, at evening hours,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Shall kindly lend his little aid,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With hoary moss, and gathered flowers,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To —— the ground where thou art laid.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>AFFRONT</b> (<a href="#Page_24">page 24</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>affront</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>affront</i> compare with <i>insult</i>? with <i>tease</i>? +<i>annoy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is safer to —— some people than to oblige them; for the better a man deserves, +the worse they will speak of him.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Oh, rather give me commentators plain,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who with no deep researches —— the brain.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The petty desire to —— is simply a perversion of the human love of power.</p> + +<p>They rushed to meet the —— foe.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AGENT</b> (<a href="#Page_24">page 24</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>agent</i> in the philosophical sense compare with <i>mover</i> or <i>doer</i>? <b>2.</b> +What different sense has it in business usage?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>That morality may mean anything, man must be held to be a free ——.</p> + +<p>The —— declined to take the responsibility in the absence of the owner.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AGREE</b> (<a href="#Page_25">page 25</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>concur</i> and <i>coincide</i> differ in range of meaning? How with reference to +expression in action? <b>2.</b> How does <i>accede</i> compare with <i>consent</i>? <b>3.</b> Which +is the most general word of this group?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A woman's lot is made for her by the love she ——.</p> + +<p>My poverty, but not my will, ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AGRICULTURE</b> (<a href="#Page_25">page 25</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>agriculture</i> include? How does it differ from <i>farming</i>? <b>2.</b> What is +<i>gardening</i>? <i>floriculture</i>? <i>horticulture</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Loan oft loses both itself and friend;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And borrowing dulls the edge of ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A field becomes exhausted by constant ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AIM</b> (<a href="#Page_26">page 26</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>aim</i>? How does it differ from <i>mark</i>? from <i>goal</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>end</i> +and <i>object</i> compare? <b>3.</b> To what does <i>aspiration</i> apply? How does it differ +in general from <i>design</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, or <i>purpose</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>purpose</i> compare +with <i>intention</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>design</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">In deeds of daring rectitude, in scorn<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For miserable —— that end with self.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">O yet we trust that somehow good<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Will be the final —— of ill.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">How quickly nature falls into revolt,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When gold becomes her ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is not ——, but ambition that is the mother of misery in man.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AIR</b> (<a href="#Page_27">page 27</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>air</i> in the sense here considered? <b>2.</b> How does <i>air</i> differ from <i>appearance</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is the difference between <i>expression</i> and <i>look</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +the sense of <i>bearing</i>? <i>carriage</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>mien</i> differ from <i>air</i>? <b>6.</b> +What does <i>demeanor</i> include?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">I never, with important ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In conversation overbear.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Vice is a monster of so frightful ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As, to be hated, needs but to be seen.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Grief fills the room up of my absent child,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Puts on his pretty ——, repeats his words.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AIRY</b> (<a href="#Page_27">page 27</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>airy</i> agree with and differ from <i>aerial</i>? Give instances of the uses of +the two words. <b>2.</b> What does <i>ethereal</i> signify? <i>sprightly</i>? <b>3.</b> Are <i>lively</i> +and <i>animated</i> used in the favorable or unfavorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— tongues that syllable men's names, on sands and shores and desert wildernesses.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i8">The —— mold<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Incapable of stain, would soon expel<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her mischief, and purge off the baser fire,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Victorious.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Society became my glittering bride,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And —— hopes my children.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Soft o'er the shrouds —— whispers breathe,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That seemed but zephyrs to the train beneath.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALARM</b> (<a href="#Page_28">page 28</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation and distinctive meaning of <i>alarm</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>affright</i> +and <i>fright</i> express? Give an illustration of the contrasted terms. <b>3.</b> How +are <i>apprehension</i>, <i>disquietude</i>, <i>dread</i>, and <i>misgiving</i> related to the danger that<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span> +excites them? <b>4.</b> What are <i>consternation</i>, <i>dismay</i>, and <i>terror</i>, and how are +they related to the danger? <b>5.</b> What is <i>timidity</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALERT</b> (<a href="#Page_28">page 28</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what do <i>alert</i>, <i>wide-awake</i>, and <i>ready</i> refer? <b>2.</b> How does <i>ready</i> differ +from <i>alert</i>? from <i>prepared</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>prompt</i> signify? <b>4.</b> What is +the secondary meaning of <i>alert</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To be —— for war is one of the most effectual ways of preserving peace.</p> + +<p>He who is not —— to-day will be less so to-morrow.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Thus ending loudly, as he would o'erleap<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His destiny, —— he stood.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALIEN</b>, <i>a. & n.</i> (<a href="#Page_29">page 29</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>alien</i> differ from <i>foreign</i>? <b>2.</b> Is a <i>foreigner</i> by birth necessarily an +<i>alien</i>? <b>3.</b> Are the people of one country while residing in their own land +<i>foreigners</i> or <i>aliens</i> to the people of other lands? <b>4.</b> How can one residing in a +<i>foreign</i> country cease to be an <i>alien</i> in that country? <b>5.</b> How do <i>foreign</i> and +<i>alien</i> differ in their figurative use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">By —— hands thy dying eyes were closed<br /></span> +<div class="ml4">·<span class="ml4">·</span><span class="ml4">·</span></div> +<span class="i0">By —— hands thy humble grave adorned<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By strangers honored and by strangers mourned.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>What is religion? Not a —— inhabitant, nor something —— to our nature, +which comes and takes up its abode in the soul.</p> + +<p>—— from the commonwealth of Israel and —— from the covenants of +promise.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALIKE</b> (<a href="#Page_30">page 30</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>alike</i> compare with <i>similar</i>? with <i>identical</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the distinction +often made between <i>equal</i> and <i>equivalent</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the sense of <i>analogous</i>? +(Compare synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ANALOGY">ANALOGY</a></span>.) <b>4.</b> In what sense is <i>homogeneous</i> +used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Sometimes gentle, sometimes capricious, sometimes awful; never the —— for +two moments together.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i2">Fashioned for himself, a bride;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">An ——, taken from his side.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLAY</b> (<a href="#Page_31">page 31</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinction between <i>allay</i> and <i>alleviate</i>? Which word implies a partial<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span> +removal of the cause of suffering, or an actual <i>lightening</i> of the burden? +<b>2.</b> With which of the above words are we to class <i>appease</i>, <i>pacify</i>, <i>soothe</i>, and +the like? <b>3.</b> With what words is <i>alleviate</i> especially to be grouped? (See synonyms +for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLEVIATE">ALLEVIATE</a></span>.)</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Such songs have power to ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The restless pulse of care,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And come like the benediction<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That follows after prayer.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Many a word, at random spoken<br /></span> +<span class="i0">May —— or wound a heart that's broken!<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLEGE</b> (<a href="#Page_31">page 31</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which is the primary and which the secondary word, <i>allege</i> or <i>adduce</i>? Why? +<b>2.</b> How much of certainty is implied in <i>allege</i>? <b>3.</b> How much does one admit +when he speaks of an <i>alleged</i> fact, document, signature, or the like?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In many —— cases of haunted houses, the spirits have not ventured to face an +armed man who has passed the night there.</p> + +<p>I can not —— one thing and mean another. If I can't pray I will not make believe!</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLEGORY</b> (<a href="#Page_33">page 33</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>allegory</i> compare with <i>simile</i>? <i>Simile</i> with <i>metaphor</i>? <b>2.</b> What are +the distinctions between <i>allegory</i>, <i>fable</i>, and <i>parable</i>? <b>3.</b> Under what general +term are all these included? <b>4.</b> To what is <i>fiction</i> now most commonly applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i6">In argument<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— are like songs in love:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They much describe; they nothing prove.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>And He spake many things unto them in ——, saying, Behold a sower went +forth to sow.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLEVIATE</b> (<a href="#Page_33">page 33</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>alleviate</i> differ from <i>relieve</i>? from <i>remove</i>? <b>2.</b> Is <i>alleviate</i> used of +persons? <b>3.</b> What are the special significations of <i>abate</i>? <i>assuage</i>? <i>mitigate</i>? +<i>moderate</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>alleviate</i> compare with <i>allay</i>? (Compare synonyms +for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ALLAY">ALLAY</a></span>.)</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To pity distress is but human; to —— it is Godlike.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">But, O! what mighty magician can ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A woman's envy?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ALLIANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_34">page 34</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>alliance</i>? how does it differ from <i>partnership</i>? from <i>coalition</i>? from +<i>league</i>? <b>2.</b> How does a <i>confederacy</i> or <i>federation</i> differ from a <i>union</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The two nations formed an offensive and defensive —— against the common +enemy.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 29em;"> +<span class="i0">Till the war-drum throbbed no longer, and the battle-flags were furled,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In the Parliament of man, the —— of the world.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Business —— are the warrant for the existence of trade ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLOT</b> (<a href="#Page_34">page 34</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Does <i>allot</i> refer to time, place, or person? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>appoint</i> refer? <i>assign</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>destine</i> differ from <i>appoint</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>award</i> differ from +<i>allot</i>, <i>appoint</i>, and <i>assign</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Man hath his daily work of body or mind ——.</p> + +<p>He ——eth the moon for seasons; the sun knoweth his going down.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The king is but as the hind ...<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who may not wander from the —— field<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Before his work be done.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLOW</b> (<a href="#Page_35">page 35</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>allow</i> and <i>permit</i>? between a <i>permit</i> and <i>permission</i>? +<b>2.</b> What instances can you give of the use of these words, also of <i>tolerate</i> +and <i>submit</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>yield</i> imply?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Frederick —— the Austrians to cross the mountains that he might attack them +on a field of his own choosing.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">The cruelty and envy of the people<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— by our dastard nobles, who<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Have all forsook me, hath devoured the rest.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>State churches have ever been unwilling to —— dissent.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALLUDE</b> (<a href="#Page_36">page 36</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>allude</i>? of <i>advert</i>? of <i>refer</i>? <b>2.</b> How do the +above words compare with <i>mention</i> as to explicitness? <b>3.</b> How do <i>hint</i> and +<i>insinuate</i> differ?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Late in the eighteenth century Cowper did not venture to do more than —— to +the great allegorist [Bunyan], saying:</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"I name thee not, lest so despised a name<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Should move a sneer at thy deserved fame."<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ALLURE</b> (<a href="#Page_37">page 37</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>allure</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>allure</i> differ from <i>attract</i>? from <i>lure</i>? <b>3.</b> +What does <i>coax</i> express? <b>4.</b> What is it to <i>cajole</i>? to <i>decoy</i>? to <i>inveigle</i>? +<b>5.</b> How does <i>seduce</i> differ from <i>tempt</i>? <b>6.</b> Is <i>win</i> used in the favorable or +unfavorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">The ruddy square of comfortable light<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— him, as the beacon blaze ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The bird of passage.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">But Satan now is wiser than of yore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And —— by making rich, not making poor.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He had a strange gift of —— friends, and of —— the love of women.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALSO</b> (<a href="#Page_37">page 37</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Into what two groups are the synonyms for <i>also</i> naturally divided? <b>2.</b> Which +words simply add a fact or thought? <b>3.</b> Which distinctly imply that what is +added is like that to which it is added?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Thine to work —— to pray,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Clearing thorny wrongs away;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Plucking up the weeds of sin,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Letting heaven's warm sunshine in.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ALTERNATIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_38">page 38</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>choice</i> and <i>alternative</i> in the strict use of language? +<b>2.</b> Is <i>alternative</i> always so severely restricted by leading writers? +<b>3.</b> What do <i>choice</i>, <i>pick</i>, <i>election</i>, and <i>preference</i> imply regarding one's wishes? +<i>alternative</i>? <i>resources</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Homer delights to call Ulysses "the man of many ——."</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AMASS</b> (<a href="#Page_38">page 38</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>amass</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>amass</i> distinguished from <i>accumulate</i>? <b>3.</b> Is +interest <i>amassed</i> or <i>accumulated</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>hoard</i> differ from <i>store</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>By daring and successful speculation, he —— a prodigious fortune.</p> + +<p>The sum was the —— savings of an industrious and frugal life.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">O, to what purpose dost thou —— thy words,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That thou return'st no greeting to thy friends?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>AMATEUR</b> (<a href="#Page_39">page 39</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>amateur</i> and <i>connoisseur</i>? between <i>connoisseur</i> +and <i>critic</i>? <b>2.</b> Which word carries a natural implication of superficialness? +<b>3.</b> How do <i>novice</i> and <i>tyro</i> differ from <i>amateur</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He was in Logic a great ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Profoundly skill'd in Analytic;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He could distinguish, and divide<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A hair 'twixt south and south-west side.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The greatest works in poetry, painting, and sculpture have not been done by ——.</p> + +<p>The mere —— who produces nothing, and whose business is only to judge and +enjoy.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AMAZEMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_39">page 39</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do <i>amazement</i> and <i>astonishment</i> agree in expressing? <b>2.</b> How do the two +words differ? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>awe</i>? of <i>admiration</i>? <b>4.</b> How +does <i>surprise</i> differ from <i>astonishment</i> and <i>amazement</i>? <b>5.</b> What are the +characteristics of <i>wonder</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">'Twas while he toiled him to be freed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And with the rein to raise the steed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That, from ——'s iron trance,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All Wycklif's soldiers waked at once.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i4">Can such things be,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And overcome us like a summer's cloud,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Without our special ——?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The fool of nature stood with stupid eyes<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And gaping mouth that testified ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AMBITION</b> (<a href="#Page_40">page 40</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What two senses has <i>ambition</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>ambition</i> differ from <i>aspiration</i>? +Which is the higher word? <b>3.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>emulation</i>? +<b>4.</b> Has <i>emulation</i> a good side? How does it compare with <i>aspiration</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i2">Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By that sin, fell the angels.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Envy, to which th' ignoble mind's a slave,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is —— in the learn'd or brave.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i8">I have no spur<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To prick the sides of my intent, but only<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vaulting ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>AMEND</b> (<a href="#Page_41">page 41</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>amend</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>advance</i>, <i>better</i>, and <i>improve</i> differ from +<i>amend</i>? <b>3.</b> Are these words applied to matters decidedly bad, foul, or evil? +<b>4.</b> What is the difference between <i>amend</i> and <i>emend</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Return ye now every man from his evil way, and —— your doings.</p> + +<p>The construction here is difficult, and the text at this point has been variously ——.</p> + +<p>Human characters and conditions never reach such perfection that they can not +be ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AMIABLE</b> (<a href="#Page_42">page 42</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>lovely</i> often apply? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>amiable</i> always apply? <b>3.</b> +How do <i>agreeable</i>, <i>attractive</i>, and <i>charming</i> differ from <i>amiable</i>? Give examples. +<b>4.</b> Is a <i>good-natured</i> person necessarily <i>agreeable</i>? an <i>amiable</i> +person?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">His life was ——; and the elements<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And say to all the world, This was a man!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">The east is blossoming! Yea a rose,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vast as the heavens, soft as a kiss,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— as the presence of woman is.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANALOGY</b> (<a href="#Page_43">page 43</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the specific meaning of <i>analogy</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>affinity</i>? <i>coincidence</i>? +<b>3.</b> Does <i>coincidence</i> necessarily involve <i>resemblance</i> or <i>likeness</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +<i>parity</i> of <i>reasoning</i>? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>similitude</i>? <b>6.</b> How do <i>resemblance</i> and +<i>similarity</i> differ from <i>analogy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The two boys bore a close —— to each other.</p> + +<p>It is not difficult to trace the —— of the home to the state.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANGER</b> (<a href="#Page_44">page 44</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the especial characteristics of <i>anger</i>? How does it differ from <i>indignation</i>? +<i>exasperation</i>? <i>rage</i>? <i>wrath</i>? <i>ire</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My enemy has long borne me a feeling of ——.</p> + +<p>Christ was filled with —— at the hypocrisy of the Jews.</p> + +<p>I was overcome by a sudden feeling of ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ANIMAL</b> (<a href="#Page_45">page 45</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>animal</i>? a <i>brute</i>? a <i>beast</i>? <b>2.</b> Is man an <i>animal</i>? <b>3.</b> What is implied +if we speak of any particular man as an <i>animal</i>? a <i>brute</i>? a <i>beast</i>? <b>4.</b> +What forms of existence does the word <i>creature</i> include? <b>5.</b> What are the +animals of a country or region collectively called?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is only within the last half century that societies have been organized for the +prevention of cruelty to ——.</p> + +<p>O that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! that +we should with joy, pleasance, revel, and applause, transform ourselves into ——!</p> + +<p>Take a —— out of his instinct, and you find him wholly deprived of understanding.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Spurning manhood and its joys to loot,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To be a lawless, lazy, sensual ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANNOUNCE</b> (<a href="#Page_46">page 46</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>announce</i>? <b>2.</b> Does it apply chiefly to the past or the future? <b>3.</b> +To what is <i>advertise</i> chiefly applied? <i>propound</i>? <i>promulgate</i>? <i>publish</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The Sphinx —— its riddles with life and death depending on the answer.</p> + +<p>Through the rare felicity of the times you are permitted to think what you please +and to —— what you please.</p> + +<p>The songs of birds and the wild flowers in the woodlands —— the coming of +spring.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANSWER</b> (<a href="#Page_46">page 46</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a verbal <i>answer</i>? <b>2.</b> In what wider sense is <i>answer</i> used? <b>3.</b> What is +a <i>reply</i>? a <i>rejoinder</i>? <b>4.</b> How does an <i>answer</i> to a charge, an argument, or +the like, differ from a <i>reply</i> or <i>rejoinder</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the special quality of a +<i>response</i>? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>retort</i>? How does it differ from <i>repartee</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I can no other —— make, but thanks.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 12em;"> +<span class="i0">Theirs not to make ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Theirs not to reason why,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Theirs but to do and die.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Upon thy princely warrant I descend,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To give thee —— of thy just demand.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He could not be content without finding a —— in Nature to every mood of his +mind; and he does find it.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">A man renowned for ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Will seldom scruple to make free<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With friendship's honest feeling.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Nothing is so easy and inviting as the —— of abuse and sarcasm; but it is a +paltry and unprofitable contest.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ANTICIPATE</b>, <b>ANTICIPATION</b> (<a href="#Page_47">page 47</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the two contrasted senses of <i>anticipate</i>? <b>2.</b> Which is now the more +common? <b>3.</b> How does <i>anticipate</i> differ from <i>expect</i>? from <i>hope</i>? from <i>apprehend</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>anticipation</i> differ from <i>presentiment</i>? from <i>apprehension</i>? +from <i>foreboding</i>? <b>5.</b> What special element is involved in <i>foretaste</i>? +How do <i>foresight</i> and <i>forethought</i> go beyond the meaning of <i>anticipation</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Then some leaped overboard with fearful yell,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As eager to —— their grave.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>England —— every man to do his duty.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">These are portents; but yet I ——, I hope,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They do not point on me.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If I know your sect, I —— your argument.</p> + +<p>The happy —— of a renewed existence in company with the spirits of the just.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANTIPATHY</b> (<a href="#Page_48">page 48</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How is <i>antipathy</i> to be distinguished from <i>dislike</i>? from <i>antagonism</i>? from +<i>aversion</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>uncongeniality</i>? How does it differ from <i>antipathy</i>? +Which is positive? and which negative?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Christianity is the solvent of all race ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 28em;"> +<span class="i16">From my soul I loathe<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All affectation; 'tis my perfect scorn, object of my implacable ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANTIQUE</b> (<a href="#Page_48">page 48</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>antique</i> refer? <i>antiquated</i>? <b>2.</b> Is the difference between them a +matter of time? Give examples. <b>3.</b> Can a modern building be <i>antiquated</i>? +Can it be <i>antique</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the significance of <i>quaint</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">My copper lamps, at any rate,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For being true ——, I bought.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">I do love these —— ruins,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We never tread upon them but we set<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Our foot upon some reverend history.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ANXIETY</b> (<a href="#Page_49">page 49</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>anxiety</i> in the primary sense? Is it mental or physical? <b>2.</b> How does +<i>anxiety</i> differ from <i>anguish</i>? <b>3.</b> What kind of possibility does <i>anxiety</i> always +suggest? <b>4.</b> How does it differ from <i>apprehension</i>, <i>fear</i>, <i>dread</i>, etc., in +this regard? <b>5.</b> What is <i>worry</i>? <i>fretfulness</i>? <b>6.</b> Does <i>perplexity</i> involve +anxiety?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">Yield not to —— the future, weep not for the past.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Superstition invested the slightest incidents of life with needless ——.</p> + +<p>—— is harder than work, and far less profitable.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APATHY</b> (<a href="#Page_50">page 50</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>apathy</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it differ from the Saxon word <i>unfeelingness</i>? +from <i>indifference</i>? from <i>insensibility</i>? from <i>unconcern</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>stoicism</i> +differ from <i>apathy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">In lazy —— let stoics boast<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their virtue fixed: 'tis fixed as in a frost.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">At length the morn and cold —— came.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He sank into a —— from which it was impossible to arouse him.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APOLOGY</b> (<a href="#Page_51">page 51</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What change of meaning has <i>apology</i> undergone? <b>2.</b> What does an <i>apology</i> now +always imply? <b>3.</b> How does an <i>apology</i> differ from an <i>excuse</i>? <b>4.</b> Which of +these words may refer to the future? <b>5.</b> How does <i>confession</i> differ from +<i>apology</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— only account for that which they do not alter.</p> + +<p>Beauty is its own —— for being.</p> + +<p>There is no refuge from —— but suicide; and suicide is ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APPARENT</b> (<a href="#Page_52">page 52</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What two contrasted senses arise from the root meaning of <i>apparent</i>? <b>2.</b> What +is implied when we speak of <i>apparent</i> kindness or <i>apparent</i> neglect? <b>3.</b> How +do <i>presumable</i> and <i>probable</i> differ? <b>4.</b> What implication is conveyed in +<i>seeming</i>? What do we suggest when we speak of "<i>seeming</i> innocence"?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is not —— that the students will attempt to break the rules again.</p> + +<p>It is not yet —— what his motive could have been in committing such an +offense.</p> + +<p>It is —— that something has been omitted which was essential to complete the +construction.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APPETITE</b> (<a href="#Page_54">page 54</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Of what kind of demands or impulses is <i>appetite</i> ordinarily used? <b>2.</b> What +demands or tendencies are included in <i>passion</i>? <b>3.</b> What is implied by <i>passions</i> +and <i>appetites</i> when used as contrasted terms?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Govern well thy ——, lest sin<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Surprise thee, and her black attendant Death.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i6">Take heed lest —— sway<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy judgment to do aught which else free will<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Would not admit.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APPORTION</b> (<a href="#Page_54">page 54</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the special significance of <i>apportion</i> by which it is distinguished from +<i>allot</i>, <i>assign</i>, <i>distribute</i>, or <i>divide</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the significance of <i>dispense</i> in +the transitive use? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>appropriate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Representatives are —— among the several states according to the population.</p> + +<p>The treasure was —— and their shares duly —— among the captors.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>APPROXIMATION</b> (<a href="#Page_55">page 55</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>approximation</i> in the mathematical sense? <b>2.</b> How close an +approach to exactness and certainty does <i>approximation</i> imply? <b>3.</b> How +does <i>approximation</i> differ from <i>resemblance</i> and <i>similarity</i>? from <i>approach</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>approximation</i>, as regards the class of objects to which it is +applied, differ from <i>nearness</i>, <i>neighborhood</i>, or <i>propinquity</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We have to be content with —— to a solution.</p> + +<p>Without faith, there is no real —— to God.</p> + +<p>Wit consists in knowing the —— of things which differ, and the difference of +things which are alike.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ARMS</b> (<a href="#Page_55">page 55</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>arms</i> and <i>armor</i>? <b>2.</b> In what connection is +<i>armor</i> used in modern warfare?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">—— on —— clashing brayed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Horrible discord.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There is constant rivalry between irresistible projectiles and impenetrable ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ARMY</b> (<a href="#Page_56">page 56</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the essentials of an <i>army</i>? <b>2.</b> Is an <i>army</i> large or small? <b>3.</b> What +term would be applied to a <i>multitude</i> of armed men without order or organization? +<b>4.</b> In what sense is <i>host</i> used? <i>legion</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For the —— is a school in which the miser becomes generous, and the generous, +prodigal; miserly soldiers are like monsters, but very rarely seen.</p> + +<p>The still-discordant wavering ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ARRAIGN</b> (<a href="#Page_56">page 56</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what kind of proceedings do <i>indict</i> and <i>arraign</i> apply? <b>2.</b> How is one <i>indicted</i>? +How <i>arraigned</i>? <b>3.</b> How do these words differ from <i>charge</i>? <i>accuse</i>? +<i>censure</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The criminal was —— for trial for his offenses.</p> + +<p>Religion does not —— or exclude unnumbered pleasures, harmlessly pursued.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ARTIFICE</b> (<a href="#Page_58">page 58</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>artifice</i>? a <i>device</i>? <i>finesse</i>? <b>2.</b> In what sense are <i>cheat</i>, <i>maneuver</i>, +and <i>imposture</i> always used? <b>3.</b> In what sense is <i>trick</i> commonly used? <b>4.</b> +What is a <i>fraud</i>? <b>5.</b> Is <i>wile</i> used in a good or a bad sense? <b>6.</b> Does the +good or the bad sense commonly attach to the words <i>artifice</i>, <i>contrivance</i>, <i>ruse</i>, +<i>blind</i>, <i>device</i>, and <i>finesse</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Those who can not gain their ends by force naturally resort to ——.</p> + +<p>The enemy were decoyed from their defenses by a skilful ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Quips and cranks and wanton ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nods and becks and wreathed smiles.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Whoever has even once become notorious by base ——, even if he speaks the +truth, gains no belief.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ARTIST</b> (<a href="#Page_58">page 58</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>artist</i>? an <i>artisan</i>? <b>2.</b> What is an <i>artificer</i>? How related to +<i>artist</i> and <i>artisan</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The power depends on the depth of the ——'s insight of that object he contemplates.</p> + +<p>Infuse into the purpose with which you follow the various employments and +professions of life the sense of beauty, and you are transformed at once from an +—— into an ——.</p> + +<p>If too many —— turn shopkeepers, the whole natural quantity of that business +divided among them all may afford too small a share for each.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ASK</b> (<a href="#Page_59">page 59</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> For what class of objects does one <i>ask</i>? For what does he <i>beg</i>? <b>2.</b> How do +<i>entreat</i> and <i>beseech</i> compare with <i>ask</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the special sense of +<i>implore</i>? of <i>supplicate</i>? <b>4.</b> How are <i>crave</i> and <i>request</i> distinguished? <i>pray</i> +and <i>petition</i>? <b>5.</b> What kind of <i>asking</i> is implied in <i>demand</i>? in <i>require</i>? +How do these two words differ from one another?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">We, ignorant of ourselves,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— often our own harms, which the wise powers<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Deny us for our good: so we find profit,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By losing of our prayers.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The harvest truly is great, but the labourers are few: —— ye therefore the +Lord of the harvest that he would send forth labourers into his harvest.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Speak with me, pity me, open the door,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A beggar —— that never begg'd before.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Be not afraid to ——; to —— is right.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">——, if thou canst, with hope; but ever ——.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Though hope be weak or sick with long delay;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— in the darkness, if there be no light.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ASSOCIATE</b> (<a href="#Page_60">page 60</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>associate</i> imply, as used officially? What when used in popular language? +<b>2.</b> Do we speak of associates in crime or wrong? What words are +preferred in such connection? (See synonyms for <span class="smcl"><a href="#ACCESSORY">ACCESSORY</a></span>.) <b>3.</b> Is <i>companion</i> +used in a good or bad sense? <b>4.</b> How does it differ in use from <i>associate</i>? +<b>5.</b> What is the significance of <i>peer</i>? <i>comrade</i>? <i>consort</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">His best ——, innocence and health,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And his best riches, ignorance of wealth.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— accepted Napoleon's abdication.</p> + +<p>The leader in the plot was betrayed by his ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ASSUME</b> (<a href="#Page_61">page 61</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Does <i>assume</i> apply to that which is rightfully or wrongfully taken? <b>2.</b> In +what use does <i>assume</i> correspond with <i>arrogate</i> and <i>usurp</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>arrogate</i> +and <i>usurp</i> differ from each other? How does <i>assume</i> differ from <i>postulate</i> +as regards debate or reasoning of any kind?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Wherefore do I ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">These royalties, and not refuse to reign.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">—— a virtue if you have it not.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">For well we know no hand of blood and bone<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can gripe the sacred handle of our scepter,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Unless he do profane, steal, or ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ASSURANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_61">page 61</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>assurance</i> in the good sense? <b>2.</b> What is <i>assurance</i> in the bad sense? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>assurance</i> compare with <i>impudence</i>? with <i>effrontery</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let us draw near with a true heart in full —— of faith.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Some wicked wits have libel'd all the fair.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With matchless —— they style a wife<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The dear-bought curse, and lawful plague of life.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>With brazen —— he denied the most indisputable facts.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ASTUTE</b> (<a href="#Page_62">page 62</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>acute</i> derived? What is its distinctive sense? <b>2.</b> From +what language is <i>keen</i> derived? What does it distinctively denote? <b>3.</b> From +what language is <i>astute</i> derived, and what was its original meaning? <b>4.</b> In +present use what does <i>astute</i> add to the meaning of <i>acute</i> or <i>keen</i>? <b>5.</b> What +does <i>astute</i> imply regarding the ulterior purpose or object of the person who is +credited with it?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>You statesmen are so —— in forming schemes!</p> + +<p>He taketh the wise in their own ——ness.</p> + +<p>The most —— reasoner may be deluded, when he practises sophistry upon +himself.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTACHMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_63">page 63</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>attachment</i>? How does it differ from <i>adherence</i> or <i>adhesion</i>? from <i>affection</i>? +from <i>inclination</i>? from <i>regard</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Talk not of wasted ——, —— never was wasted.</p> + +<p>You do not weaken your —— for your family by cultivating ——s beyond its +pale, but deepen and intensify it.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTACK</b>, <i>v. & n.</i> (<a href="#Page_63">pages 63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What special element is involved in the meaning of <i>attack</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>assail</i> +and <i>assault</i> differ? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>encounter</i>? how does this word compare +with <i>attack</i>? How does <i>attack</i> differ from <i>aggression</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">We see time's furrows on another's brow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And death intrench'd, preparing his ——;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How few themselves in that just mirror see!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Who ever knew Truth put to the worse in a free and open ——?</p> + +<p>Roger Williams —— the spirit of intolerance, the doctrine of persecution, and +never his persecutors.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTAIN</b> (<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What kind of a word is <i>attain</i>, and to what does it point? <b>2.</b> How does <i>attain</i> +differ from <i>obtain</i>? from <i>achieve</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>obtain</i> differ from <i>procure</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The heights by great men —— and kept<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Were not —— by sudden flight,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But they, while their companions slept,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Were toiling upward in the night.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i2">Our doubts are traitors,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And make us lose the good we oft might ——<br /></span> +<span class="i2">By fearing to attempt.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTITUDE</b> (<a href="#Page_65">page 65</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>position</i> as regards the human body differ from <i>attitude</i>, <i>posture</i>, or +<i>pose</i>? <b>2.</b> Do the three latter words apply to the living or the dead? <b>3.</b> What +is the distinctive sense of <i>attitude</i>? Is it conscious or unconscious? <b>4.</b> How +does <i>posture</i> differ from <i>attitude</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>pose</i>? +How does it differ from, and how does it agree with <i>attitude</i> and <i>posture</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— assumed indicated great indignation because of the insult implied.</p> + +<p>The —— was graceful and pleasing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTRIBUTE</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_65">page 65</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What suggestion is often involved in <i>attribute</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>attribute</i> differ +from <i>refer</i> and <i>ascribe</i>? <b>3.</b> Is <i>charge</i> (in this connection) used in the favorable +or unfavorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— ye greatness unto our God.</p> + +<p>He —— unworthy motives which proved a groundless charge.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ATTRIBUTE</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_66">page 66</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation and the inherent meaning of <i>quality</i>? <b>2.</b> What is an +<i>attribute</i>? <b>3.</b> Which of the above words expresses what necessarily belongs +to the subject of which it is said to be an <i>attribute</i> or <i>quality</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the +derivation and distinctive sense of <i>property</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>property</i> ordinarily +differ from <i>quality</i>? <b>6.</b> In what usage do <i>property</i> and <i>quality</i> become +exact synonyms, and how are <i>properties</i> then distinguished?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">His scepter shows the force of temporal power,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— to awe and majesty,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Nothing endures but personal ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AVARICIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_68">page 68</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>avaricious</i> and <i>covetous</i> differ from <i>miserly</i>, <i>niggardly</i>, <i>parsimonious</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span> +and <i>penurious</i>? <b>2.</b> Of what matters are <i>greedy</i> and <i>stingy</i> used? How do +they differ from each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">I am not —— for gold;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">It yearns me not if men my garments wear.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is better to be content with such things as ye have than to become —— and —— in +accumulating.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AVENGE</b> (<a href="#Page_69">page 69</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>avenge</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>avenge</i> differ from <i>revenge</i>? <b>3.</b> Which +word would be used of an act of God? <b>4.</b> Is <i>retaliate</i> used in the sense of +<i>avenge</i> or of <i>revenge</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">O, that the vain remorse, which must chastise<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Crimes done, had but as loud a voice to warn<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As its keen sting is mortal to ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">I lost mine eye laying the prize aboard,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And therefore to —— it, shalt thou die.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AVOW</b> (<a href="#Page_69">page 69</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which words of this group refer exclusively to one's own knowledge or action? +<b>2.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>aver</i>? of <i>avouch</i>? of <i>avow</i>? <b>3.</b> How do +<i>avouch</i> and <i>avow</i> differ from <i>aver</i> in construction? <b>4.</b> Is <i>avow</i> used in a good +or a bad sense? What does it imply of others' probable feeling or action? <b>5.</b> +How does <i>avow</i> compare with <i>confess</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">And, but herself, —— no parallel.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The child —— his fault and was pardoned by his parent.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AWFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_70">page 70</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what matters should <i>awful</i> properly be restricted? <b>2.</b> Is <i>awful</i> always +interchangeable with <i>alarming</i> or <i>terrible</i>? with <i>disagreeable</i> or <i>annoying</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Then must it be an —— thing to die.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The silent falling of the snow is to me one of the most —— things in nature.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AWKWARD</b> (<a href="#Page_70">page 70</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation and original meaning of <i>awkward</i>? of <i>clumsy</i>? <b>2.</b> To +what, therefore, does <i>awkward</i> primarily refer? and to what <i>clumsy</i>? <b>3.</b> Is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span> +a draft-horse distinctively <i>awkward</i> or <i>clumsy</i>? <b>4.</b> Give some metaphorical +uses of <i>awkward</i>.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Though he was ——, he was kindly.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The apprentice was not only ——, but ——, and had to be taught over and +over again the same methods.</p> + +<p>The young girl stood in a —— way, looking in at the showy shop-windows.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>AXIOM</b> (<a href="#Page_71">page 71</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what do <i>axiom</i> and <i>truism</i> agree? <b>2.</b> In what do they differ? <b>3.</b> How do +they compare in interest and utility?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is almost an —— that those who do most for the heathen abroad are most +liberal for the heathen at home.</p> + +<p>Trifling ——s clothed in great, swelling words of vanity.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BABBLE</b> (<a href="#Page_71">page 71</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what class do most of the words in this group belong? Why are they so +called? <b>2.</b> What is the special significance of <i>blab</i> and <i>blurt</i>? How do they +differ from each other in use? <b>3.</b> What is <i>chat</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>prattling</i> +differ from <i>chatting</i>? <b>5.</b> In what sense is <i>jabber</i> used? How does it compare +with <i>chatter</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">"The crane," I said, "may —— of the crane,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The dove may —— of the dove."<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Two women sat contentedly ——ing, one of them amusing a ——ing babe.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BANISH</b> (<a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what land may one be <i>banished</i>? From what <i>expatriated</i> or <i>exiled</i>? <b>2.</b> +By whom may one be said to be <i>banished</i>? by whom <i>expatriated</i> or <i>exiled</i>? +<b>3.</b> Which of these words is of widest import? Give examples of its metaphorical +use.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BANK</b> (<a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>beach</i>? a <i>coast</i>? <b>2.</b> How does each of the above words differ from +<i>bank</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>strand</i>? In what style of writing +is it most commonly used? <b>4.</b> What are the distinctive senses of <i>edge</i> and +<i>brink</i>?</p> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>BANTER</b> (<a href="#Page_73">page 73</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>banter</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>badinage</i> distinguished from <i>banter</i>? <i>raillery</i> from +both? <b>3.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>irony</i>? <b>4.</b> Is <i>irony</i> kindly or the +reverse? <i>badinage</i>? <i>banter</i>? <b>5.</b> What words of this group are distinctly +hostile? <b>6.</b> Is <i>ridicule</i> or <i>derision</i> the stronger word? What is the distinction +between the two? between <i>satire</i> and <i>sarcasm</i>? between <i>chaff</i>, <i>jeering</i>, +and <i>mockery</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BARBAROUS</b> (<a href="#Page_73">page 73</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>barbarian</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the added significance of +<i>barbaric</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>barbarous</i> in general use differ from both the above +words? <b>4.</b> What special element is commonly implied in <i>savage</i>? <b>5.</b> In +what less opprobrious sense may <i>barbarous</i> and <i>savage</i> be used? Give +instances.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">A multitude like which the populous North<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Poured never from her frozen loins, to pass<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rhene or the Danaw, when her —— sons<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Came like a deluge on the south.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Or when the gorgeous East, with richest hand,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Showers on her kings —— pearl and gold.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is most true, that a natural and secret hatred and aversation toward society, in +any man, hath somewhat of the —— beast.</p> + +<p>Thou art bought and sold among those of any wit like a —— slave.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BARRIER</b> (<a href="#Page_74">page 74</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>bar</i>? and what is its purpose? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>barrier</i>? <b>3.</b> Which +word is ordinarily applied to objects of great extent? <b>4.</b> Would a mountain +range be termed a <i>bar</i> or a <i>barrier</i>? <b>5.</b> What distinctive name is given to a +mass of sand across the mouth of a river or harbor?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BATTLE</b> (<a href="#Page_74">page 74</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the general meaning of <i>conflict</i>? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>battle</i>? <b>3.</b> How long +may a <i>battle</i> last? <b>4.</b> On how many fields may one <i>battle</i> be fought? <b>5.</b> How +does <i>engagement</i> differ from <i>battle</i>? How does <i>combat</i> differ? <i>action</i>? <i>skirmish</i>? +<i>fight</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BEAUTIFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_76">page 76</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is necessary to constitute an object or a person <i>beautiful</i>? <b>2.</b> Can <i>beautiful</i> +be said of that which is harsh and ragged, however grand? <b>3.</b> How is<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span> +<i>beautiful</i> related to our powers of appreciation? <b>4.</b> How does <i>pretty</i> compare +with <i>beautiful</i>? <i>handsome</i>? <b>5.</b> What does <i>fair</i> denote? <i>comely</i>? <i>picturesque</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I pray thee, O God, that I may be —— within.</p> + +<p>A happy youth, and their old age is —— and free.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">'Twas sung, how they were —— in their lives<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And in their death had not divided been.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">How —— has the day been, how bright was the sun.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How lovely and joyful the course that he run.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Though he rose in a mist when his race he began<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And there followed some droppings of rain!<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BECOMING</b> (<a href="#Page_77">page 77</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>becoming</i>? of <i>decent</i>? of <i>suitable</i>? <b>2.</b> Can that which +is worthy or beautiful in itself ever be otherwise than <i>becoming</i> or <i>suitable</i>? +Give instances. <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>fit</i>? How does it differ from +<i>fitting</i> or <i>befitting</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i4">A merrier man,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Within the limit of —— mirth,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I never spent an hour's talk withal.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i2">Still govern thou my song,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Urania, and —— audience find, tho few.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Indeed, left nothing —— for your purpose<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Untouch'd, slightly handled, in discourse.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">In such a time as this, it is not ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That every nice offense should bear his comment.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>How could money be better spent than in erecting a —— building for the +greatest library in the country?</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BEGINNING</b> (<a href="#Page_78">page 78</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>beginning</i> derived? <i>commencement</i>? How do the two +words differ in application and use? Give instances. <b>2.</b> What is an <i>origin</i>? +a <i>source</i>? a <i>rise</i>? <b>3.</b> How are <i>fount</i>, <i>fountain</i>, and <i>spring</i> used in the figurative +sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">For learning is the —— pure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Out from which all glory springs.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Truth is the —— of every good to gods and men.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By which those great in war are great in love;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— of all brave acts is seated here.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It can not be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the Moor, nor he +his to her: it was a violent ——, and thou shalt see an answerable sequestration.</p> + +<p>In the —— God created the heaven and the earth.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>BEHAVIOR</b> (<a href="#Page_79">page 79</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>behavior</i> and <i>conduct</i> differ? <b>2.</b> What is the special sense of <i>carriage</i>? +of <i>bearing</i>? <i>demeanor</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>manner</i>? <i>manners</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Our thoughts and our —— are our own.</p> + +<p>Good —— are made up of petty sacrifices.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BENEVOLENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_80">page 80</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original distinction between <i>benevolence</i> and <i>beneficence</i>? <b>2.</b> In +what sense is <i>benevolence</i> now most commonly used? <b>3.</b> What words are +commonly used for <i>benevolence</i> in the original sense? <b>4.</b> What was the original +sense of <i>charity</i>? the present popular sense? <b>5.</b> What of <i>humanity</i>? +<i>generosity</i>? <i>liberality</i>? <i>philanthropy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is a virtue of the heart, and not of the hands.</p> + +<p>The secrets of life are not shown except to —— and likeness.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BIND</b> (<a href="#Page_81">page 81</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>bind</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the special meaning of <i>tie</i>? +<b>3.</b> In how general a sense is <i>fasten</i> used? <b>4.</b> Which of the above three words +is used in a figurative sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Shut, shut the door, good John! fatigu'd, I said;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— up the knocker, say I'm sick, I'm dead.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">Adjust our lives to loss, make friends with pain,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— all our shattered hopes and bid them bloom again.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BITTER</b> (<a href="#Page_81">page 81</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How may <i>acid</i>, <i>bitter</i>, and <i>acrid</i> be distinguished? <i>pungent</i>? <i>caustic</i>? <b>2.</b> In +metaphorical use, how are <i>harsh</i> and <i>bitter</i> distinguished? <b>3.</b> What is the +special significance of <i>caustic</i>? <b>4.</b> Give examples of these words in their +various uses.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BLEACH</b> (<a href="#Page_82">page 82</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>bleach</i> and <i>blanch</i> differ from <i>whiten</i>? from each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">You can behold such sights,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And keep the natural ruby of your cheeks,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When mine is —— with fear.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">We let the years go: wash them clean with tears,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Leave them to —— out in the open day.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>BLEMISH</b> (<a href="#Page_82">page 82</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>blemish</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it differ from a <i>flaw</i> or <i>taint</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a +<i>defect</i>? a <i>fault</i>? <b>4.</b> Which words of this group are naturally applied to reputation, +and which to character?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i2">Every page enclosing in the midst<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A square of text that looks a little ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i2">The noble Brutus<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hath told you Cæsar was ambitious:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If it were so, it was a grievous ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BLUFF</b> (<a href="#Page_83">page 83</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what sense are <i>bluff</i>, <i>frank</i>, and <i>open</i> used? <b>2.</b> In what sense are <i>blunt</i>, +<i>brusk</i>, <i>rough</i>, and <i>rude</i> employed?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There are to whom my satire seems too ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Stout once a month they march, a —— band<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And ever but in times of need, at hand.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BOUNDARY</b> (<a href="#Page_84">page 84</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original sense of <i>boundary</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it differ in usage from +<i>bound</i> or <i>bounds</i>? <b>3.</b> In what style and sense is <i>bourn</i> used? <b>4.</b> What is the +distinctive meaning of <i>edge</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">So these lives ...<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Parted by ——s strong, but drawing nearer and nearer,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rushed together at last, and one was lost in the other.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">In worst extremes, and on the perilous ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of battle.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>BRAVE</b> (<a href="#Page_85">page 85</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>brave</i> differ from <i>courageous</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the special sense of <i>adventurous</i>? +of <i>bold</i>? of <i>chivalrous</i>? <b>3.</b> How do these words differ from <i>venturesome</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is especially denoted by <i>fearless</i> and <i>intrepid</i>? <b>5.</b> What +does <i>valiant</i> tell of results? <b>6.</b> What ideas are combined in <i>heroic</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— man is also full of faith.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Fir'd at first sight with what the Muse imparts,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In —— youth we tempt the heights of Arts.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Thy danger chiefly lies in acting well;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No crime's so great as —— to excel.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>BUSINESS</b> (<a href="#Page_88">page 88</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>barter</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>business</i> add to the +meaning of <i>barter</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>occupation</i>? Is it broader than <i>business</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is a <i>vocation</i>? <b>5.</b> What (in the strict sense) is an <i>avocation</i>? <b>6.</b> What +is implied in <i>profession</i>? <i>pursuit</i>? <b>7.</b> What is a <i>transaction</i>? <b>8.</b> How does +<i>trade</i> differ from <i>commerce</i>? <b>9.</b> What is <i>work</i>? <b>10.</b> What is an <i>art</i> in the +industrial sense? a <i>craft</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A man must serve his time to every ——.</p> + +<p>We turn to dust, and all our mightiest ——s die too.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CALCULATE</b> (<a href="#Page_90">page 90</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do you distinguish between <i>count</i> and <i>calculate</i>? <i>compute</i>, <i>reckon</i> and <i>estimate</i>? +<b>2.</b> Which is used mostly with regard to future probabilities? <b>3.</b> Do +we use <i>compute</i> or <i>estimate</i> of numbers exactly known? <b>4.</b> Of <i>compute</i>, <i>calculate</i>, +and <i>estimate</i>, which is used with especial reference to the future?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There were 4046 men in the district, by actual ——.</p> + +<p>The time of the eclipse was —— to a second.</p> + +<p>We ask them to —— approximately the cost of the building.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CALL</b> (<a href="#Page_91">page 91</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>call</i>? <b>2.</b> Do we ever apply <i>bellow</i> and <i>roar</i> +to human sounds? <b>3.</b> Can you give more than one sense of <i>cry</i>? <b>4.</b> Are +<i>shout</i> and <i>scream</i> more or less expressive than <i>call</i>? <b>5.</b> Which of the words in +this group are necessarily and which ordinarily applied to articulate utterance? +Which rarely, if ever, so used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— for the robin redbreast and the wren.</p> + +<p>The pioneers could hear the savages —— outside.</p> + +<p>I —— my servant and he came.</p> + +<p>The captain —— in a voice of thunder to the helmsman, "Put your helm hard +aport!"</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CALM</b> (<a href="#Page_91">page 91</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what classes of objects or states of mind do we apply <i>calm</i>? <i>collected</i>? +<i>quiet</i>? <i>placid</i>? <i>serene</i>? <i>still</i>? <i>tranquil</i>? <b>2.</b> Do the antonyms <i>boisterous</i>, <i>excited</i>, +<i>ruffled</i>, <i>turbulent</i>, and <i>wild</i>, also apply to the same? <b>3.</b> Can you contrast +<i>calm</i> and <i>quiet</i>? <b>4.</b> How many of the preceding adjectives can be +applied to water? <b>5.</b> How does <i>composed</i> differ from <i>calm</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The possession of a —— conscience is an estimable blessing.</p> + +<p>The water is said to be always —— in the ocean depths.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">—— on the listening ear of night<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fall heaven's melodious strains.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CANCEL</b> (<a href="#Page_92">page 92</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference in method involved in the verbs <i>cancel</i>, <i>efface</i>, <i>erase</i>, <i>expunge</i>, +and <i>obliterate</i>? <b>2.</b> Which suggest the most complete removal of all +trace of a writing? <b>3.</b> How do the figurative uses of these words compare +with the literal? <b>4.</b> Is it possible to <i>obliterate</i> or <i>efface</i> that which has been +previously <i>canceled</i> or <i>erased</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is practically impossible to clean a postage-stamp that has been properly —— so +that it can be used again.</p> + +<p>With the aid of a sharp penknife the blot was quickly ——.</p> + +<p>By lapse of time and elemental action, the inscription had become completely ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CANDID</b> (<a href="#Page_93">page 93</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what class of things do we apply <i>aboveboard</i>? <i>candid</i>? <i>fair</i>? <i>frank</i>? <i>honest</i>? +<i>sincere</i>? <i>transparent</i>? <b>2.</b> Can you state the similarity between <i>artless</i>, +<i>guileless</i>, <i>naive</i>, <i>simple</i>, and <i>unsophisticated</i>? How do they differ as a class +from the words above referred to? <b>3.</b> How does it happen that "To be +frank," or "To be candid" often precedes the utterance of something disagreeable?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The sophistry was so —— as to disgust the assembly.</p> + +<p>A. T. Stewart relied on —— dealing as the secret of mercantile success.</p> + +<p>An —— man will not steal or defraud.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">—— she seems with artful care<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Affecting to be unaffected.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CARE</b> (<a href="#Page_94">page 94</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the special difference between <i>care</i> and <i>anxiety</i>? <b>2.</b> Wherein does <i>care</i> +differ from <i>caution</i>? <i>solicitude</i> from <i>anxiety</i>? <i>watchfulness</i> from <i>wariness</i>? +<b>3.</b> Can you give some of the senses of <i>care</i>? <b>4.</b> Is <i>concern</i> as strong a term +as <i>anxiety</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>circumspection</i>? <i>precaution</i>? <i>heed</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Take her up tenderly, lift her with ——.</p> + +<p>A military commander should have as much —— as bravery.</p> + +<p>The invaders fancied themselves so secure against attack that they had not taken +the —— to station sentinels.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>CARICATURE</b> (<a href="#Page_95">page 95</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>caricature</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the special difference +between <i>parody</i> and <i>travesty</i>? between both and <i>burlesque</i>? <b>3.</b> To what is +<i>caricature</i> mostly confined? <b>4.</b> How do <i>mimicry</i> and <i>imitation</i> differ? <b>5.</b> +Is an <i>extravaganza</i> an <i>exaggeration</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The eagle nose of the general was magnified in every artist's ——.</p> + +<p>His laughable reproduction of the great actor's vagaries was a clever bit +of ——.</p> + +<p>If it be not lying to say that a fox's tail is four feet long, it is certainly a huge ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CARRY</b> (<a href="#Page_96">page 96</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what sort of objects do we apply <i>bear</i>? <i>carry</i>? <i>move</i>? <i>take</i>? <b>2.</b> What +kinds of force or power do we indicate by <i>convey</i>, <i>lift</i>, <i>transmit</i>, and <i>transport</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is the distinction between <i>bring</i> and <i>carry</i>? between <i>carry</i> and +<i>bear</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>lift</i> mean? <b>5.</b> Can you give some figurative uses of +<i>carry</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The strong man can —— 1,000 pounds with apparent ease.</p> + +<p>Napoleon always endeavored to —— the war into the enemy's territory.</p> + +<p>It was found necessary to —— the coal overland for a distance of 500 miles.</p> + +<p>My punishment is greater than I can ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CATASTROPHE</b> (<a href="#Page_97">page 97</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>catastrophe</i> or <i>cataclysm</i>? <b>2.</b> Is a <i>catastrophe</i> also necessarily a +<i>calamity</i> or a <i>disaster</i>? <b>3.</b> Which word has the broader meaning, <i>disaster</i> or +<i>calamity</i>? <b>4.</b> Does <i>misfortune</i> suggest as serious a condition as any of the +foregoing? <b>5.</b> How does a <i>mishap</i> compare with a <i>catastrophe</i>, a <i>calamity</i>, +or a <i>disaster</i>? <b>6.</b> Give some chief antonyms of the above.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>War and pestilence are properly ——, while the loss of a battle may be a ——, +but not a ——.</p> + +<p>Fortune is not satisfied with inflicting one ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The day's —— in his morning face.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The failure of the crops of two successive years proved an irreparable —— to +the emigrants.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CAUSE</b> (<a href="#Page_98">page 98</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the central distinction between <i>antecedent</i> and <i>cause</i>? <b>2.</b> How are the +words <i>cause</i>, <i>condition</i>, and <i>occasion</i> illustrated by the fall of an avalanche?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span> +<b>3.</b> And the antonyms <i>consequence</i>? <i>effect</i>? <i>outgrowth</i>? <i>result</i>? <b>4.</b> What +are <i>causality</i> and <i>causation</i>? <b>5.</b> How are <i>origin</i> and <i>source</i> related to <i>cause</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Where there is an effect there must be also a ——.</p> + +<p>It is necessary to know something of the —— of a man before we can safely +trust him.</p> + +<p>The —— of the river was found to be a small lake among the hills.</p> + +<p>What was given as the —— of the quarrel was really but the ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CHAGRIN</b> (<a href="#Page_100">page 100</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What feelings are combined in <i>chagrin</i>? <b>2.</b> How do you distinguish between +<i>chagrin</i>, <i>disappointment</i>, <i>humiliation</i>, <i>mortification</i>, and <i>shame</i>? <b>3.</b> Which +involves a sense of having done wrong?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The king's —— at the limitations imposed upon him was painfully manifest.</p> + +<p>He is not wholly lost who yet can blush from ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">Hope tells a flattering tale,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Delusive, vain, and hollow.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ah! let not hope prevail,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Lest —— follow.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CHANGE</b> (<a href="#Page_100">page 100</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinction between <i>change</i> and <i>exchange</i>? Are they ever used as +equivalent, and how? <b>2.</b> Can you distinguish between <i>modify</i> and <i>qualify</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The tailor offered to —— the armholes of the coat.</p> + +<p>We requested the pianist to —— his music by introducing a few popular tunes.</p> + +<p>We often fail to recognize the actor who —— his costume between the acts.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CHARACTER</b> (<a href="#Page_102">page 102</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do you distinguish between <i>character</i> and <i>reputation</i>? <i>constitution</i> and <i>disposition</i>? +<b>2.</b> Is <i>nature</i> a broader word than any of the preceding? <b>3.</b> If so, +why?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The philanthropist's —— for charity is often a great source of annoyance to +him.</p> + +<p>Let dogs delight to bark and bite, for 'tis their —— to.</p> + +<p>Misfortune may cause the loss of friends and reputation, yet if the man has not +yielded to wrong, his —— is superior to loss or change.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CHOOSE</b> (<a href="#Page_104">page 104</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the shades of difference between <i>choose</i>, <i>cull</i>, <i>elect</i>, <i>pick</i>, <i>prefer</i>, and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span> +<i>select</i>? <b>2.</b> Also between the antonyms <i>cast away</i>, <i>decline</i>, <i>dismiss</i>, <i>refuse</i>, <i>repudiate</i>? +<b>3.</b> Does <i>select</i> imply more care or judgment than <i>choose</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The prettiest flowers had all been ——.</p> + +<p>Jacob was —— to Esau, tho he was the younger.</p> + +<p>When a man deliberately —— to do wrong, there is little hope for him.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CIRCUMSTANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_105">page 105</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what classes of things do we apply <i>accompaniment</i>? <i>concomitant</i>? <i>circumstance</i>? +<i>event</i>? <i>fact</i>? <i>incident</i>? <i>occurrence</i>? <i>situation</i>? <b>2.</b> Can you give +some instances of the use of <i>circumstance</i>? <b>3.</b> Is it a word of broader meaning +than <i>incident</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— that there had been a fire was proved by the smoke-blackened walls.</p> + +<p>Extreme provocation may be a mitigating —— in a case of homicide.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CLASS</b> (<a href="#Page_106">page 106</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does a <i>class</i> differ from a <i>caste</i>? <b>2.</b> In what connection is <i>rank</i> used? +<i>order</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>coterie</i>? How does it differ from a <i>clique</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An —— was formed for the relief of the poor and needy of the city.</p> + +<p>A select —— met at the residence of one of the leading men of the city.</p> + +<p>There is a struggle of the masses against the ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CLEAR</b> (<a href="#Page_107">page 107</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>clear</i> originally signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>clear</i> differ from <i>transparent</i> +as regards a substance that may be a medium of vision? <b>3.</b> With what meaning +is <i>clear</i> used of an object apprehended by the senses, as an object of sight +or hearing? <b>4.</b> What does <i>distinct</i> signify? <b>5.</b> What is <i>plain</i>? <b>6.</b> What +special sense does this word always retain? How does <i>transparent</i> differ from +<i>translucent</i>? <b>7.</b> What do <i>lucid</i> and <i>pellucid</i> signify? <b>8.</b> What is the special +force of <i>limpid</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CLEVER</b> (<a href="#Page_109">page 109</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>clever</i> as used in England? <b>2.</b> What was the early +New England usage? <b>3.</b> What is to be said of the use of <i>smart</i> and <i>sharp</i>? +<b>4.</b> What other words of this group are preferable to <i>clever</i> in many of its uses?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>His brief experience in the department had made him very —— in the work +now assigned him.</p> + +<p>She was especially —— in song.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">Be good, sweet maid, and let who will be ——;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Do noble things, not dream them, all day long;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And so make life, death, and the vast forever<br /></span> +<span class="i2">One grand, sweet song.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>COMPANY</b> (<a href="#Page_110">page 110</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>company</i> derived? What is its primary meaning? <b>2.</b> For what +are those associated who constitute a <i>company</i>? Is their association temporary +or permanent? <b>3.</b> What is the difference between <i>assemblage</i> and <i>assembly</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is a <i>conclave</i>? a <i>convocation</i>? a <i>convention</i>? <b>5.</b> What are +the characteristics of a <i>group</i>? <b>6.</b> To what use is <i>congregation</i> restricted? +How does <i>meeting</i> agree with and differ from it?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Far from the madding ——'s ignoble strife,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their sober wishes never learned to stray.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The room contained a large —— of miscellaneous objects.</p> + +<p>A fellow that makes no figure in ——.</p> + +<p>A great —— had met, but without organization or officers.</p> + +<p>If ye inquire anything concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>COMPEL</b> (<a href="#Page_111">page 111</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>compel</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>force</i> imply? <b>3.</b> What is the especial +significance of <i>coerce</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>constrain</i> imply? In what favorable +sense is it used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Even if we were not willing, they possessed the power of —— us to do justice.</p> + +<p>Employers may —— their employees into voting as they demand, but for the +secret ballot.</p> + +<p>These considerations —— us to aid them to the utmost of our power.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>COMPLAIN</b> (<a href="#Page_112">page 112</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> By what is <i>complaining</i> prompted? <i>murmuring</i>? <i>repining</i>? <b>2.</b> Which finds +outward expression, and which is limited to the mental act? <b>3.</b> To whom +does one <i>complain</i>, in the formal sense of the word? <b>4.</b> With whom does one +<i>remonstrate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is not pleasant to live with one who is constantly ——ing.</p> + +<p>The dog gave a low —— which frightened the tramp away.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>COMPLEX</b> (<a href="#Page_112">page 112</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>complex</i> differ from <i>compound</i>? from <i>composite</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>heterogeneous</i>? +<i>conglomerate</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>complicated</i> differ from <i>intricate</i>? +from <i>involved</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONSCIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_116">page 116</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Of what things is one <i>aware</i>? of what is he <i>conscious</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>sensible</i> +compare with the above-mentioned words? <b>3.</b> What does <i>sensible</i> indicate +regarding the emotions, that would not be expressed by <i>conscious</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To be —— that you are ignorant is a great step to knowledge.</p> + +<p>They are now —— it would have been better to resist the first temptation.</p> + +<p>He was —— of a stealthy step and a bulk dimly visible through the darkness.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONSEQUENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_116">page 116</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>consequence</i> differ from <i>effect</i>? both from <i>result</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>result</i> +and <i>issue</i> compare? <b>3.</b> In what sense is <i>consequent</i> used?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONTAGION</b> (<a href="#Page_117">page 117</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what is <i>contagion</i> now limited by the best medical usage? <b>2.</b> To what is the +term <i>infection</i> applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>During the plague in London persons walked in the middle of the streets for fear +of the —— from the houses.</p> + +<p>The mob thinks by —— for the most part, catching an opinion like a cold.</p> + +<p>No pestilence is so much to be dreaded as the —— of bad example.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONTINUAL</b> (<a href="#Page_117">page 117</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>continuous</i> differ from <i>continual</i>? <i>incessant</i> from <i>ceaseless</i>? Give examples.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONTRAST</b> (<a href="#Page_118">page 118</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How is <i>contrast</i> related to <i>compare</i>? <b>2.</b> What are the special senses of <i>differentiate</i>, +<i>discriminate</i> and <i>distinguish</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONVERSATION</b> (<a href="#Page_118">page 118</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential meaning of <i>conversation</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>conversation</i> differ<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span> +from <i>talk</i>? <b>3.</b> How is <i>discourse</i> related to <i>conversation</i>? <b>4.</b> What are the +special senses of <i>dialogue</i> and <i>colloquy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There can be no —— with a great genius, who does all the ——ing.</p> + +<p>Nor wanted sweet ——, the banquet of the mind.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CONVEY</b> (<a href="#Page_119">page 119</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what do <i>convey</i>, <i>transmit</i>, and <i>transport</i> agree? What is the distinctive sense +of <i>convey</i>? <b>2.</b> To what class of objects does <i>transport</i> refer? <b>3.</b> To what +class of objects do <i>transfer</i>, <i>transmit</i>, and <i>convey</i> apply? <b>4.</b> Which is the +predominant sense of the latter words?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>CRIMINAL</b> (<a href="#Page_120">page 120</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>criminal</i>? How does it differ from <i>illegal</i> or +<i>unlawful</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>felonious</i>? <i>flagitious</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the primary meaning +of <i>iniquitous</i>? <b>4.</b> Is an <i>iniquitous</i> act necessarily <i>criminal</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DANGER</b> (<a href="#Page_121">page 121</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>danger</i>? <b>2.</b> Does <i>danger</i> or <i>peril</i> suggest the +more immediate evil? <b>3.</b> How are <i>jeopardy</i> and <i>risk</i> distinguished from <i>danger</i> +and <i>peril</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Delay always breeds ——.</p> + +<p>The careful rider avoids running ——.</p> + +<p>Stir, at your ——!</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DECAY</b> (<a href="#Page_122">page 122</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What sort of things <i>decay</i>? <i>putrefy</i>? <i>rot</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the essential difference +between <i>decay</i> and <i>decompose</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The flowers wither, the tree's trunk ——.</p> + +<p>The water was —— by the electric current.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DECEPTION</b> (<a href="#Page_123">page 123</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How is <i>deceit</i> distinguished from <i>deception</i>? from <i>guile</i>? <i>fraud</i>? <i>lying</i>? +<i>hypocrisy</i>? <b>2.</b> Do all of these apply to conduct as well as to speech? <b>3.</b> Is +<i>deception</i> ever innocent? <b>4.</b> Have <i>craft</i> and <i>cunning</i> always a moral element? +<b>5.</b> How is <i>dissimulation</i> distinguished from <i>duplicity</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[417]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of his conduct was patent to all.</p> + +<p>It was a matter of self-——.</p> + +<p>The judge decided it to be a case of ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DEFINITION</b> (<a href="#Page_124">page 124</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which is the more exact, a <i>definition</i> or a <i>description</i>? <b>2.</b> What must a <i>definition</i> +include, and what must it exclude? <b>3.</b> What must a <i>description</i> include? +<b>4.</b> In what respect has <i>interpretation</i> a wider meaning than <i>translation</i>? <b>5.</b> +How does an <i>explanation</i> compare with an <i>exposition</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A prompt —— of the difficulty prevented a quarrel.</p> + +<p>The —— of scenery was admirable.</p> + +<p>The seer gave an —— of the dream.</p> + +<p>Many a controversy may be instantly ended by a clear —— of terms.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DELIBERATE</b> (<a href="#Page_125">page 125</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the chief distinctions between <i>deliberate</i>? <i>consult</i>? <i>consider</i>? <i>meditate</i>? +<i>reflect</i>? <b>2.</b> Do large gatherings of people <i>consult</i>, or <i>meditate</i>, or <i>deliberate</i>? +<b>3.</b> Do we <i>reflect</i> on things past or things to come? <b>4.</b> How many persons are +necessarily implied in <i>consult</i>, <i>confer</i>, and <i>debate</i> as commonly used? in +<i>deliberate</i>, <i>consider</i>, <i>ponder</i>, <i>reflect</i>? in <i>meditate</i>? <b>5.</b> What idea of time is +implied in <i>deliberate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The matter was carefully —— in all its bearings.</p> + +<p>The legislature —— for several days.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DELUSION</b> (<a href="#Page_127">page 127</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential difference between <i>illusion</i> and <i>delusion</i>? How does <i>hallucination</i> +differ from both? <b>2.</b> Which word is used especially of objects of +sight?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of the sick are sometimes pitiful.</p> + +<p>In the soft light the —— was complete.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DEMONSTRATION</b> (<a href="#Page_127">page 127</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what kind of reasoning does <i>demonstration</i> in the strict sense apply? <b>2.</b> +What is <i>evidence</i>? <i>proof</i>? <b>3.</b> Which is the stronger term? <b>4.</b> Which is the +more comprehensive?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of the witness was so complete that no further —— was required.</p> + +<p>A mathematical —— must be final and conclusive.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[418]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>DESIGN</b> (<a href="#Page_128">page 128</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>design</i>? <b>2.</b> What element is prominent in +<i>intention</i>? <i>purpose</i>? <i>plan</i>? <b>3.</b> Does <i>purpose</i> suggest more power to execute +than <i>design</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>intent</i> specifically differ from <i>purpose</i>? Which +term do we use with reference to the Divine Being?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The architect's —— involved much detail.</p> + +<p>Hell is paved with good ——.</p> + +<p>It is the —— of the voter that decides how his ballot shall be counted.</p> + +<p>The —— of the Almighty can not be thwarted.</p> + +<p>The adaption of means to ends in nature clearly indicates a ——, and so proves +a ——er.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DESPAIR</b> (<a href="#Page_129">page 129</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what order might <i>despair</i>, <i>desperation</i>, <i>discouragement</i>, and <i>hopelessness</i> +follow, each as the result of the previous condition? <b>2.</b> How does <i>despondency</i> +especially differ from <i>despair</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The utter —— of their condition was apparent.</p> + +<p>In weak —— he abandoned all endeavor.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DEXTERITY</b> (<a href="#Page_129">page 129</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>adroitness</i> derived? From what <i>dexterity</i>? How might each be +rendered? <b>2.</b> How does <i>adroitness</i> differ in use from <i>dexterity</i>? <b>3.</b> From +what is <i>aptitude</i> derived, and what does it signify? <b>4.</b> How does <i>skill</i> differ +from <i>dexterity</i>? Which can and which can not be communicated?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He had a natural —— for scientific investigation, and by long practise gained +an inimitable —— of manipulation.</p> + +<p>His —— in debate enabled him to evade or parry arguments or attacks which he +could not answer.</p> + +<p>The —— of the best trained workman can not equal the precision of a machine.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DICTION</b> (<a href="#Page_130">page 130</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which is the more comprehensive word, <i>diction</i>, <i>language</i>, or <i>phraseology</i>? <b>2.</b> +What is the true meaning of <i>verbiage</i>? Should it ever be used as the equivalent +of <i>language</i> or <i>diction</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>style</i>? How does it compare with +<i>diction</i> or <i>language</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of the discourse was plain and emphatic.</p> + +<p>The —— of a written contract should be such as to prevent misunderstandings.</p> + +<p>The poetic —— of Milton is so exquisitely perfect that another word can +scarcely ever be substituted for the one he has chosen without marring the line.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[419]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>DIFFERENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_131">page 131</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which pertain mostly to realities, and which are matters of judgment—<i>difference</i>, +<i>disparity</i>, <i>distinction</i>, or <i>inconsistency</i>? <b>2.</b> What do we mean by "a <i>distinction</i> +without a <i>difference</i>"?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The proper —— should be carefully observed in the use of "shall" and "will."</p> + +<p>The —— between black and white is self-evident.</p> + +<p>The —— of our representatives' conduct with their promises is unpardonable.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DISCERN</b> (<a href="#Page_133">page 133</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what sort of objects do we apply <i>behold</i>, <i>discern</i>, <i>distinguish</i>, <i>observe</i>, and <i>see</i>? +<b>2.</b> What do <i>behold</i> and <i>distinguish</i> suggest in addition to <i>seeing</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>With the aid of a great telescope we may —— what stars are double.</p> + +<p>—— the upright man.</p> + +<p>Let us minutely —— the color of the goods.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DISCOVER</b> (<a href="#Page_133">page 133</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>detect</i>? <i>discover</i>? <i>invent</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>discover</i> +and <i>invent</i> differ? <b>3.</b> Is <i>detect</i> often used in a favorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An experienced policeman acquires wonderful skill in ——ing criminals.</p> + +<p>Newton —— the law of gravitation.</p> + +<p>To —— a machine, one must first understand the laws of mechanics.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DISEASE</b> (<a href="#Page_134">page 134</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What was the early and general meaning of <i>sick</i> and <i>sickness</i> in English? <b>2.</b> +How long did that usage prevail? <b>3.</b> What is the present restriction upon the +use of these words in England? What words are there commonly substituted? +<b>4.</b> What is the prevalent usage in the United States?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— spread in the camp and proved deadlier than the sword.</p> + +<p>The —— was found to be contagious.</p> + +<p>He is just recovering from a slight ——.</p> + +<p>It is not good manners to talk of one's ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DO</b> (<a href="#Page_135">page 135</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the most comprehensive word of this group? <b>2.</b> In what sense are <i>finish</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[420]</a></span> +and <i>complete</i> used, and how are they discriminated from each other? <b>3.</b> +How do we discriminate between <i>fulfil</i>, <i>realize</i>, <i>effect</i>, and <i>execute</i>? <i>perform</i> +and <i>accomplish</i>? <i>accomplish</i> and <i>complete</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A duty has been ——, a work of gratitude and affection has been ——.</p> + +<p>It is wonderful how much can be —— by steady, plodding industry without +brilliant talents.</p> + +<p>The work is not only grand in design but it is —— with the most exquisite +delicacy in every detail.</p> + +<p>It is the duty of the legislators to make laws, of the magistrates to —— them.</p> + +<p>Every one should labor to —— his duties faithfully, and —— the just expectations +of those who have committed to him any trust.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DOCTRINE</b> (<a href="#Page_136">page 136</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what matters do we apply the word <i>creed</i>? <i>doctrine</i>? <i>dogma</i>? <i>principle</i>? <b>2.</b> +Which is the more inclusive word? <b>3.</b> Is <i>dogma</i> used favorably or unfavorably?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— rests either upon the authority of the Scriptures, or upon a decision +of the Church.</p> + +<p>A man may have upright ——s even while he disregards commonly received ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DOUBT</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_137">page 137</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Do we apply <i>doubt</i>, <i>distrust</i>, <i>surmise</i>, and <i>suspect</i> mostly to persons and things, +or to motives and intentions? <b>2.</b> Is <i>mistrust</i> used of persons or of things? +<b>3.</b> Is it used, in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We do not —— that the earth moves around the sun.</p> + +<p>Nearly every law of nature was by man first ——, then proved to be true.</p> + +<p>I —— my own heart.</p> + +<p>I —— that man from the outset.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DOUBT</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_138">page 138</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what class of objects do we apply <i>disbelief</i>? <i>doubt</i>? <i>hesitation</i>? <i>misgiving</i>? +<b>2.</b> Which of these words most commonly implies an unfavorable meaning? +<b>3.</b> What meaning has <i>skepticism</i> as applied to religious matters?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We feel no —— in giving our approval.</p> + +<p>The jury had ——s of his guilt.</p> + +<p>We did all we could to further the enterprise, but still had our ——s as to the +outcome.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[421]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>DUPLICATE</b> (<a href="#Page_141">page 141</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Can you give the distinction between a <i>copy</i> and a <i>duplicate</i>? a <i>facsimile</i>, and an +<i>imitation</i>? <b>2.</b> What sort of a <i>copy</i> is a <i>transcript</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of an organ by the violinist was perfect.</p> + +<p>This key is a ——, and will open the lock.</p> + +<p>The signature was merely a printed ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>DUTY</b> (<a href="#Page_142">page 142</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Do we use <i>duty</i> and <i>right</i> of civil things? or <i>business</i> and <i>obligation</i> of moral +things? <b>2.</b> Does <i>responsibility</i> imply connection with any other person or thing?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I go because it is my ——.</p> + +<p>We recognize a —— for the good conduct of our own children, but do we not +also rest under some —— to society to exercise a good influence over the children +of others?</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EAGER</b> (<a href="#Page_142">page 142</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinction between <i>eager</i> and <i>earnest</i> in the nature of the feeling implied? +in the objects toward which it is directed? <b>2.</b> How does <i>anxious</i> in +this acceptation differ from both <i>eager</i> and <i>earnest</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Hark! the shrill trumpet sounds to horse! away!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My soul's in arms, and —— for the fray.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I am in ——. I will not equivocate; I will not excuse; I will not retreat a +single inch; and I will be heard!</p> + +<p>I am —— to hear of your welfare, and of the prospects of the enterprise.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EASE</b> (<a href="#Page_143">page 143</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>ease</i> denote, in the sense here considered? Does it apply to action or +condition? <b>2.</b> Is <i>facility</i> active or passive? <i>readiness</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>ease</i> +imply, and to what may it be limited? <b>4.</b> What does <i>facility</i> imply? <i>readiness</i>? +<b>5.</b> To what is <i>expertness</i> limited?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He plays the violin with great ——, and delights an audience.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Whatever he did was done with so much ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In him alone 'twas natural to please.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is often said with equal truth that we ought to take advantage of the —— which +children possess of learning.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[422]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>EDUCATION</b> (<a href="#Page_143">page 143</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>education</i>? <i>instruction</i>? <i>teaching</i>? <b>2.</b> How +is <i>instruction</i> or <i>teaching</i> related to <i>education</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>training</i> +differ from <i>teaching</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>discipline</i>? <i>tuition</i>? <b>5.</b> What are <i>breeding</i> +and <i>nurture</i>, and how do they differ from each other? <b>6.</b> How are <i>knowledge</i> +and <i>learning</i> related to <i>education</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The true purpose of —— is to cherish and unfold the seed of immortality already +sown within us.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">By ——, we do learn ourselves to know<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And what to man, and what to God we owe.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.</p> + +<p>For natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by ——; and ——s +themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded +in by experience.</p> + +<p>A branch of —— is often put to an improper use, for fear of its being idle.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EFFRONTERY</b> (<a href="#Page_144">page 144</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>audacity</i>? <i>hardihood</i>? <b>2.</b> What special element does <i>effrontery</i> add to +the meaning of <i>audacity</i> and <i>hardihood</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>impudence</i>? <i>shamelessness</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>effrontery</i> compare with these words? <b>5.</b> What is +<i>boldness</i>? Is it used in a favorable or an unfavorable sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>When they saw the —— of Peter and John, and perceived that they were unlearned +and ignorant men they marvelled.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i6">I ne'er heard yet<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That any of these bolder vices wanted<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Less —— to gainsay what they did,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Than to perform it first.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I am not a little surprised at the easy —— with which political gentlemen in +and out of Congress take it upon them to say that there are not a thousand men in the +North who sympathize with John Brown.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EGOTISM</b> (<a href="#Page_145">page 145</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>egoism</i> and how does it differ from <i>egotism</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>self-assertion</i>? +<i>self-conceit</i>? <b>3.</b> Does <i>conceit</i> differ from <i>self-conceit</i>, and how? <b>4.</b> What is +<i>self-confidence</i>? Is it worthy or unworthy? <b>5.</b> Is <i>self-assertion</i> ever a duty? +<i>self-conceit</i>? <b>6.</b> What is <i>vanity</i>? How does it differ from <i>self-confidence</i>? +from <i>pride</i>? <b>7.</b> What is <i>self-esteem</i>? How does it differ from <i>self-conceit</i>? +from <i>self-confidence</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— may puff a man up, but never prop him up.</p> + +<p>—— is as ill at ease under indifference, as tenderness is under the love which it +can not return.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[423]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>EMBLEM</b> (<a href="#Page_146">page 146</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>emblem</i> derived? What did it originally signify? <b>2.</b> +What is the derivation and primary meaning of <i>symbol</i>? <b>3.</b> How do the two +words compare as now used? <b>4.</b> How does a <i>sign</i> suggest something other +than itself? <b>5.</b> Can the same thing be both an <i>emblem</i> and a <i>symbol</i>? a <i>sign</i> +and a <i>symbol</i>? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>token</i>? a <i>figure</i>? an <i>image</i>? a <i>type</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Rose of the desert, thou art to me<br /></span> +<span class="i0">An —— of stainless purity, ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of those who, keeping their garments white,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Walk on through life with steps aright.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">All things are ——s: the external shows<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of nature have their —— in the mind<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As flowers and fruits and falling of the leaves.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Moses, as Israel's deliverer, was a —— of Christ.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EMIGRATE</b> (<a href="#Page_147">page 147</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>migrate</i>? What is its application? <b>2.</b> +What do <i>emigrate</i> and <i>immigrate</i> signify? To what do they apply? Can the +two words be used of the same person and the same act? How?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The ship was crowded with —— mostly from Germany.</p> + +<p>—— are pouring into the United States often at the rate of half a million a +year.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EMPLOY</b> (<a href="#Page_147">page 147</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the distinctive senses of <i>employ</i> and <i>use</i>? Give instances. <b>2.</b> What +does <i>use</i> often imply as to materials <i>used</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>hire</i> compare with +<i>employ</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The young man had been —— by the firm for several months and had proved +faithful in every respect.</p> + +<p>The church was then ready to —— a pastor.</p> + +<p>What one has, one ought to ——: and whatever he does he should do with all +his might.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>END</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_148">page 148</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>end</i>, and what reference does <i>end</i> have to intention or expectation? +<b>2.</b> What do <i>close</i>, <i>complete</i>, <i>conclude</i>, and <i>finish</i> signify as to expectation or +appropriateness? Give instances. <b>3.</b> What specially distinctive sense has +<i>finish</i>? <b>4.</b> Does <i>terminate</i> refer to reaching an arbitrary or an appropriate +end? <b>5.</b> What does <i>stop</i> signify?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The life was suddenly ——.</p> + +<p>The train —— long enough for the passengers to get off, then whirled on.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[424]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>END</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_148">page 148</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the <i>end</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>extremity</i>? <b>3.</b> How +does <i>extremity</i> compare with <i>end</i>? <b>4.</b> What reference is implied in <i>extremity</i>? +<b>5.</b> What is the meaning of <i>tip</i>? <i>point</i>? How does <i>extremity</i> differ in use +from the two latter words? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>terminus</i>? What specific meaning +has the word in modern travel? <b>7.</b> What is the meaning of <i>termination</i>, and +of what is it chiefly used? <i>expiration</i>? <i>limit</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Seeing that death, a necessary —— will come when it will come.</p> + +<p>All rejoice at the successful —— of the vast undertaking.</p> + +<p>He that endureth to the —— shall be saved.</p> + +<p>Do not turn back when you are just at the ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENDEAVOR</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_149">page 149</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>attempt</i>? to <i>endeavor</i>? To what sort of exertion does <i>endeavor</i> +especially apply? <b>2.</b> How does <i>essay</i> differ from <i>attempt</i> and <i>endeavor</i> in its +view of the results of the action? <b>3.</b> What is implied in <i>undertake</i>? Give an +instance. <b>4.</b> What does <i>strive</i> suggest? <b>5.</b> How does <i>try</i> compare with the +other words of the group?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">—— first thyself, and after call on God,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For to the worker God himself lends aid.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">—— the end, and never stand to doubt;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nothing's so hard but search will find it out.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— to enter in at the strait gate.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENDEAVOR</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_150">page 150</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>effort</i>? an <i>exertion</i>? Which includes the other? <b>2.</b> How does <i>attempt</i> +differ from <i>effort</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>struggle</i>? <b>4.</b> What is an <i>essay</i>, and +for what purpose is it made? <b>5.</b> What is an <i>endeavor</i>, and how is it distinguished +from <i>effort</i>? from <i>attempt</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Youth is a blunder; manhood a ——; old age a regret.</p> + +<p>So vast an —— required more capital than he could command at that time. +Others combining with him enabled him to succeed with it.</p> + +<p>After a few spasmodic ——, he abandoned all —— at improvement.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENDURE</b> (<a href="#Page_150">page 150</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>bear</i> as applied to care, pain, grief, and the like? <b>2.</b> +What does <i>endure</i> add to the meaning of <i>bear</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>allow</i> and <i>permit</i> +compare with the words just mentioned? <b>4.</b> How do <i>put up with</i> and <i>tolerate</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[425]</a></span> +compare with <i>allow</i> and <i>permit</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the special sense of <i>afford</i>? How +does it come into connection with the words of this group? <b>6.</b> What is the +sense of <i>brook</i>? <b>7.</b> Of what words does <i>abide</i> combine the meanings?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Charity —— long and is kind; charity —— all things.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">I follow thee, safe guide, the path<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thou lead'st me, and to the hand of heav'n ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">For there was never yet philosopher<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That could —— the toothache patiently.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENEMY</b> (<a href="#Page_151">page 151</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>enemy</i>? an <i>adversary</i>? <b>2.</b> What distinction is there between the +two words as to the purpose implied? <b>3.</b> What is an <i>antagonist</i>? an <i>opponent</i>? +a <i>competitor</i>? a <i>rival</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>foe</i> compare with <i>enemy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He makes no friend who never made a ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">This friendship that possesses the whole soul,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">... can admit of no ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Mountains interposed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Make —— of nations who had else,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Like kindred drops been molded into one.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our —— is +our helper.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENMITY</b> (<a href="#Page_152">page 152</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>enmity</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>animosity</i> differ from <i>enmity</i>? <b>3.</b> What is +<i>hostility</i>? What is meant by <i>hostilities</i> between nations? <b>4.</b> What is <i>bitterness</i>? +<i>acrimony</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>antagonism</i> compare with the words above +mentioned?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let all ——, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and evil speaking, be put away +from you, with all malice.</p> + +<p>But their ——, tho smothered for a while, burnt with redoubled violence.</p> + +<p>The carnal mind is —— against God, for it is not subject to the law of God, +neither indeed can be.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENTERTAIN</b> (<a href="#Page_152">page 152</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>entertain</i> mentally? to <i>amuse</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the distinctive sense of +<i>divert</i>? <b>3.</b> Can one be <i>amused</i> or <i>entertained</i> who is not <i>diverted</i>? <b>4.</b> What +is it to <i>recreate</i>? to <i>beguile</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Books can not always ——, however good;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Minds are not ever craving for their food.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Who God doth late and early pray<br /></span> +<span class="i2">More of his grace than gifts to lend;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And —— the harmless day<br /></span> +<span class="i2">With a religious book or friend.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[426]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ENTERTAINMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_153">page 153</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do <i>entertainment</i> and <i>recreation</i> imply? How, accordingly, do they rank +among the lighter matters of life? <b>2.</b> How do <i>amusement</i> and <i>pastime</i> differ? +<b>3.</b> On what plane are <i>sports</i>? How do they compare with <i>entertainment</i> and +<i>recreation</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>amusement</i> and <i>enjoyment</i> compare?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">At Christmas play, and make good ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For Christmas comes but once a year.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is as —— to fools to do mischief.</p> + +<p>No true heart can find —— in another's pain or grief.</p> + +<p>The Puritans hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the bear, but +because it gave —— to the spectators.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">As Tammie glowered, amazed and curious,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The mirth and —— grew fast and furious.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>And so, if I might be judge, God never did make a more calm, quiet, innocent —— than +angling.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENTHUSIASM</b> (<a href="#Page_153">page 153</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what sense was <i>enthusiasm</i> formerly used? <b>2.</b> What is now its prevalent and +controlling meaning? <b>3.</b> How does <i>zeal</i> differ from <i>enthusiasm</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An ardent —— leads to great results in exposing certain evils.</p> + +<p>His —— was contagious and they rushed into battle.</p> + +<p>The precept had its use; it could make men feel it right to be humane, and +desire to be so, but it could never inspire them with an —— of humanity.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENTRANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_154">page 154</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>entrance</i> refer? <b>2.</b> What do <i>admittance</i> and <i>admission</i> add to +the meaning of <i>entrance</i>? <b>3.</b> To what does <i>admittance</i> refer? To what additional +matters does <i>admission</i> refer? Illustrate. <b>4.</b> What is the figurative use +of <i>entrance</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— was obtained by a side-door, and a good position secured to the crowded +hall.</p> + +<p>No —— except on business.</p> + +<p>He was never so engrossed with cares of state that the needy could not have —— to +him.</p> + +<p>However carefully church-membership may be guarded, unworthy members +will sometimes gain ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ENVIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_155">page 155</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do we mean when we say that a person is <i>envious</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the difference +between <i>envious</i> and <i>jealous</i>? <b>3.</b> Is an <i>envious</i> spirit ever good? <b>4.</b><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[427]</a></span> +Is <i>jealous</i> capable of being used in a good sense? <b>5.</b> In what sense is <i>suspicious</i> +used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Neither be thou —— against the workers of iniquity.</p> + +<p>—— in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EQUIVOCAL</b> (<a href="#Page_155">page 155</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation and the original signification of <i>equivocal</i>? of <i>ambiguous</i>? +How do the two words compare in present use? <b>2.</b> What is the meaning of +<i>enigmatical</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>doubtful</i> and <i>dubious</i> compare? <b>4.</b> In what sense +is <i>questionable</i> used? <i>suspicious</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">These sentences, to sugar or to gall,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Being strong on both sides, are ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An —— statement may result from the thoughtless use of a single word that is +capable of more than one meaning.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ESTEEM</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_157">page 157</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the difference between <i>esteem</i> and <i>estimate</i>? <b>2.</b> Is <i>esteem</i> now used of +concrete valuation? <b>3.</b> What is its chief present use? <b>4.</b> What is its meaning +in popular use as said of persons?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">They please, are pleas'd; they give to get ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Till seeming blest, they grow to what they seem.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The loss of conscience or honor is one that can not be ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>ETERNAL</b> (<a href="#Page_157">page 157</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>eternal</i> in the fullest sense? <b>2.</b> To what being, in that +sense, may it be applied? <b>3.</b> In what does <i>everlasting</i> fall short of the meaning +of <i>eternal</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>endless</i> agree with and differ from <i>everlasting</i>? +<b>5.</b> In what inferior senses are <i>everlasting</i> and <i>interminable</i> used? <b>6.</b> Is <i>eternal</i>, +in good speech or writing, ever brought down to such inferior use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Truth crushed to earth shall rise again,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— years of God are hers.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Whatever may befall thee, it was preordained for thee from ——.</p> + +<p>It were better to be eaten to death with a rust than to be scoured to nothing with —— motion.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Here comes the lady! Oh, so light a foot<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Will ne'er wear out the —— flint.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EVENT</b> (<a href="#Page_158">page 158</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>event</i> and <i>incident</i> differ etymologically? <b>2.</b> Which is the greater and<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span> +more important? Give examples. <b>3.</b> How does <i>circumstance</i> compare with +<i>incident</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>occurrence</i>? <b>5.</b> What is an +<i>episode</i>? <b>6.</b> How does <i>event</i> differ from <i>end</i>? <b>7.</b> What meaning does <i>event</i> +often have when applied to the future?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Fate shall yield<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To fickle ——, and Chaos judge the strife.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Men are the sport of —— when<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— seem the sport of men.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Coming —— cast their shadows before.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Where an equal poise of hope and fear<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Does arbitrate the ——, my nature is<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That I incline to hope rather than fear,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And gladly banish squint suspicion.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EVERY</b> (<a href="#Page_158">page 158</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what are <i>all</i> and <i>both</i> alike? <i>any</i>, <i>each</i>, and <i>every</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>any</i> differ +from <i>each</i> and <i>every</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>each</i> and <i>every</i> differ from <i>all</i>? <b>4.</b> How +does <i>each</i> compare with <i>every</i>? with <i>both</i>? <b>5.</b> What does <i>either</i> properly denote? +In what other sense is it often used? What is the objection to the +latter use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— person in the room arose to his feet.</p> + +<p>A free pardon was offered to —— who should instantly lay down their arms.</p> + +<p>As the garrison marched out, the victorious troops stood in arms on —— side +of the way.</p> + +<p>In order to keep his secret inviolate, he revealed it privately to —— of his most +intimate friends.</p> + +<p>—— person giving such information shall be duly rewarded.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EVIDENT</b> (<a href="#Page_159">page 159</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>apparent</i> and <i>evident</i> compare? <b>2.</b> What is the special sense of <i>manifest</i>? +How does it compare in strength with <i>evident</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the sense +of <i>obvious</i>? <b>4.</b> How wide is the range of <i>visible</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>discernible</i> +compare with <i>visible</i>? What does it imply as to the observer's action? <b>6.</b> +What is the sense of <i>palpable</i> and <i>tangible</i>? <i>conspicuous</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A paradox is a real truth in the guise of an —— absurdity or contradiction.</p> + +<p>The prime minister was —— by his absence.</p> + +<p>The statement is a —— absurdity.</p> + +<p>On a comparison of the two works the plagiarism was ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Yet from those flames<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No light; but only darkness ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>These lies are like the father that begets them; gross as a mountain, open, ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[429]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>EXAMPLE</b> (<a href="#Page_160">page 160</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the etymological meaning of <i>example</i>? <b>2.</b> What two contradictory +meanings does <i>example</i> derive from this primary sense? <b>3.</b> How does <i>example</i> +differ from <i>sample</i>? <b>4.</b> How does it compare with <i>model</i>? with <i>pattern</i>? +<b>5.</b> How does <i>exemplar</i> agree with, and differ from <i>example</i>? <b>6.</b> What is an +<i>exemplification</i>? an <i>ensample</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I bid him look into the lives of men as tho himself a mirror, and from others +to take an —— for himself.</p> + +<p>We sleep, but the loom of life never stops and the —— which was weaving +when the sun went down is weaving when it comes up to-morrow.</p> + +<p>History is an —— of philosophy.</p> + +<p>The commander was resolved to make an —— to deter others from the like +offense.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EXCESS</b> (<a href="#Page_160">page 160</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>excess</i>? Is it used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? <b>2.</b> What is +<i>extravagance</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>exorbitance</i>? <b>4.</b> What kind of <i>excess</i> do <i>overplus</i> +and <i>superabundance</i> denote? <i>lavishness</i> and <i>profusion</i>? <b>5.</b> Is <i>surplus</i> +used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? <b>6.</b> To what do <i>redundance</i> and +<i>redundancy</i> chiefly refer? <b>7.</b> What words are used as synonyms of <i>excess</i> in +the moral sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Saving requires self-denial, and —— is the death of self-denial.</p> + +<p>Where there is great —— there usually follows corresponding ——.</p> + +<p>—— of wealth is cause of covetousness.</p> + +<p>Haste brings ——, and —— brings want.</p> + +<p>The —— of the demand caused unfeigned surprise.</p> + +<p>More of the present woes of the world are due to —— than to any other single +cause.</p> + +<p>—— of language often weakens the impression of what would be impressive in +sober statement.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EXECUTE</b> (<a href="#Page_161">page 161</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>execute</i>? of <i>administer</i>? of <i>enforce</i>? <b>2.</b> How are the +words applied in special cases? Give instances. <b>3.</b> What secondary meaning +has <i>administer</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is the place of the civil magistrate to —— the laws.</p> + +<p>The pasha gave a signal and three attendants seized the culprit, and promptly —— the +bastinado.</p> + +<p>I can not illustrate a moral duty without at the same time ——ing a precept of +our religion.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[430]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>EXERCISE</b> (<a href="#Page_162">page 162</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>exercise</i> apart from all qualifying words? <b>2.</b> How does +<i>exercise</i> in that sense differ from <i>exertion</i>? <b>3.</b> How may <i>exercise</i> be brought +up to the full meaning of <i>exertion</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>practise</i>? How does it differ +from <i>exercise</i>? <b>5.</b> How is <i>practise</i> discriminated from such theory or profession? +<b>6.</b> What is <i>drill</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Regular —— tends to keep body and mind in the best working order.</p> + +<p>—— in time becomes second nature.</p> + +<p>By constant —— the most difficult feats may be done with no apparent ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EXPENSE</b> (<a href="#Page_162">page 162</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>cost</i>? <i>expense</i>? <b>2.</b> How are these words now commonly differentiated? +<b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>outlay</i>? of <i>outgo</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth +the ——, whether he have sufficient to finish it.</p> + +<p>The entire receipts have not equaled the ——.</p> + +<p>When the —— is more than the income, if the income can not be increased, it +becomes an absolute necessity to reduce the ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EXPLICIT</b> (<a href="#Page_162">page 162</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what are <i>explicit</i> and <i>express</i> alike opposed? <b>2.</b> How do the two words +differ from each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I came here at this critical juncture by the —— order of Sir John St. Clare.</p> + +<p>The language of the proposition was too —— to admit of doubt.</p> + +<p>Now the Spirit speaketh ——ly that in the latter times some shall depart from +the faith.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>EXTEMPORANEOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_163">page 163</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What did <i>extemporaneous</i> originally mean? <b>2.</b> What has it now come to signify +in common use? <b>3.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>impromptu</i>? The +present meaning? <b>4.</b> How does the <i>impromptu</i> remark often differ from the +<i>extemporaneous</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>unpremeditated</i> compare with the words +above mentioned?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In —— prayer, what men most admire, God least regardeth.</p> + +<p>As a speaker, he excelled in —— address, while his opponent was at a loss to +answer him because not gifted in the same way.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">No more on prancing palfrey borne,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He carolled light as lark at morn,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And poured to lord and lady gay<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The —— lay.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[431]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>EXTERMINATE</b> (<a href="#Page_163">page 163</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation, and what is the original meaning of <i>exterminate</i>? <i>eradicate</i>? +<i>extirpate</i>? <b>2.</b> To what are these words severally applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Since the building of the Pacific railroads in the United States, the buffalo has +been quite ——.</p> + +<p>The evil of intemperance is one exceedingly difficult to ——.</p> + +<p>No inveterate improver should ever tempt me to —— the dandelions from the +green carpet of my lawn.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FAINT</b> (<a href="#Page_164">page 164</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the chief meanings of <i>faint</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>faint</i> a synonym of <i>feeble</i> or +<i>purposeless</i>? of <i>irresolute</i> or <i>timid</i>? of <i>dim</i>, <i>faded</i>, or <i>indistinct</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Great is the strength of —— arms combined,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And we can combat even with the brave.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">In his right hand a tipped staffe he held,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With which his —— steps he stayed still;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For he was —— with cold, and weak with eld;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That scarce his loosed limbs he hable was to weld.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FAITH</b> (<a href="#Page_164">page 164</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>belief</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>credence</i> compare with <i>belief</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>conviction</i>? +<i>assurance</i>? <b>4.</b> What is an <i>opinion</i>? <b>5.</b> How does a <i>persuasion</i> +compare with an <i>opinion</i>? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>doctrine</i>? a <i>creed</i>? <b>7.</b> What are +<i>confidence</i> and <i>reliance</i>? <b>8.</b> What is <i>trust</i>? <b>9.</b> What elements are combined +in <i>faith</i>? <b>10.</b> How is <i>belief</i> often used in popular language as a precise +equivalent of <i>faith</i>? <b>11.</b> How is <i>belief</i> discriminated from <i>faith</i> in the +strict religious sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.</p> + +<p>Put not your —— in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help.</p> + +<p>—— is largely involuntary; a mathematical demonstration can not be doubted +by a sane mind capable of understanding the terms and following the steps.</p> + +<p>Every one of us, whatever our speculative ——, knows better than he practises, +and recognizes a better law than he obeys.</p> + +<p>There are few greater dangers for an army in the face of an enemy than undue ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[432]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>FAITHFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_165">page 165</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what sense may a person be called <i>faithful</i>? <b>2.</b> In what sense may one be +called <i>trusty</i>? <b>3.</b> Is <i>faithful</i> commonly said of things as well as persons? is +<i>trusty</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the special difference of meaning between the two +words? Give examples.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Be thou —— unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Thy purpose —— is equal to the deed:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who does the best his circumstance allows<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Does well, acts nobly; angels could no more.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FAME</b> (<a href="#Page_166">page 166</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>fame</i>? Is it commonly used in the favorable or unfavorable sense? +<b>2.</b> What are <i>reputation</i> and <i>repute</i>, and in which sense commonly used? <b>3.</b> +What is <i>notoriety</i>? <b>4.</b> From what do <i>eminence</i> and <i>distinction</i> result? <b>5.</b> +How does <i>celebrity</i> compare with <i>fame</i>? <b>6.</b> How does <i>renown</i> compare with +<i>fame</i>? <b>7.</b> What is the import of <i>honor</i>? of <i>glory</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Saying, Amen: Blessing and ——, and wisdom, and thanksgiving, and ——, +and power and might, be unto our God for ever and ever.</p> + +<p>A good —— is more valuable than money.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Great Homer's birthplace seven rival cities claim,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Too mighty such monopoly of ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Do good by stealth, and blush to find it ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">Seeking the bubble ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Even in the cannon's mouth.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FANATICISM</b> (<a href="#Page_166">page 166</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>fanaticism</i>? <i>bigotry</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>fanaticism</i> and <i>bigotry</i> commonly +include? <b>3.</b> What is <i>intolerance</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of +<i>superstition</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>credulity</i>? Is it distinctively religious?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is a senseless fear of God.</p> + +<p>The fierce —— of the Moslems was the mainspring of their early conquests.</p> + +<p>The —— that will believe nothing contrary to a creed is often joined with a +blind —— that will believe anything in favor of it.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FANCIFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_167">page 167</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>fanciful</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>fantastic</i> add to the meaning +of <i>fanciful</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>grotesque</i> especially differ from the <i>fanciful</i> or <i>fantastic</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>visionary</i> differ from <i>fanciful</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[433]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Come see the north wind's masonry,<br /></span> +<span class="i6">... his wild work;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So ——, so savage, naught cares he<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For number or proportion.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">What —— tints the year puts on,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When falling leaves falter through motionless air<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or numbly cling and shiver to be gone!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Plays such —— tricks before high heaven<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As make the angels weep.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FANCY</b> (<a href="#Page_167">page 167</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an intellectual <i>fancy</i>? <b>2.</b> How does a <i>conceit</i> differ from a <i>fancy</i>? a +<i>conception</i> from both? <b>3.</b> What is an emotional or personal <i>fancy</i>? <b>4.</b> What +is <i>fancy</i> as a faculty of the mind?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">Tell me where is —— bred;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or in the heart or in the head?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Elizabeth united the occasional —— of her sex with that sense and sound +policy in which neither man nor woman ever excelled her.</p> + +<p>That fellow seems to me to possess but one ——, and that is a wrong one.</p> + +<p>If she were to take a —— to anybody in the house, she would soon settle, but +not till then.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FAREWELL</b> (<a href="#Page_168">page 168</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what language do <i>farewell</i> and <i>good-by</i> belong etymologically? How do they +differ? <b>2.</b> From what language have <i>adieu</i> and <i>congé</i> been adopted into +English? <b>3.</b> What is the special significance of <i>congé</i>? <b>4.</b> What are <i>valediction</i> +and <i>valedictory</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">—— my paper's out so nearly<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I've only room for yours sincerely.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">The train from out the castle drew,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But Marmion stopped to bid ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">——! a word that must be, and hath been—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A sound which makes us linger;—yet———.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FEAR</b> (<a href="#Page_168">page 168</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the generic term of this group? <b>2.</b> What is <i>fear</i>? Is it sudden or lingering? +In view of what class of dangers? <b>3.</b> What is the etymological +meaning of <i>horror</i>? What does the word signify in accepted usage? <b>4.</b> +What are the characteristics of <i>affright</i>, <i>fright</i>, and <i>terror</i>? <b>5.</b> How is <i>fear</i> +contrasted with <i>fright</i> and <i>terror</i> in actual or possible effects? <b>6.</b> What is +<i>panic</i>? What of the numbers affected by it? <b>7.</b> What is <i>dismay</i>? How +does it compare with <i>fright</i> and <i>terror</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[434]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Even the bravest men may be swept along in a sudden ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i4">With much more ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I view the fight than thou that mak'st the fray.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Look in, and see Christ's chosen saint<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In triumph wear his Christ-like chain;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No —— lest he should swerve or faint.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The ghastly spectacle filled every beholder with ——.</p> + +<p>A lingering —— crept upon him as he waited in the darkness.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FEMININE</b> (<a href="#Page_169">page 169</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How are <i>female</i> and <i>feminine</i> discriminated? <b>2.</b> What is the difference between +a <i>female</i> voice and a <i>feminine</i> voice? <b>3.</b> How are <i>womanly</i> and <i>womanish</i> +discriminated in use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Notice, too, how precious are these —— qualities in the sick room.</p> + +<p>The demand for closet-room is no mere —— fancy, but the good sense of the +sex.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FETTER</b> (<a href="#Page_169">page 169</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are <i>fetters</i> in the primary sense? <b>2.</b> What are <i>manacles</i> and <i>handcuffs</i> designed +to fasten or hold? <i>gyves</i>? <b>3.</b> What are <i>shackles</i> and what are they +intended to fasten or hold? <b>4.</b> Of what material are all these restraining +devices commonly composed? By what general name are they popularly +known? <b>5.</b> What are <i>bonds</i> and of what material composed? <b>6.</b> Which of +these words are used in the metaphorical sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">But first set my poor heart free,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bound in those icy —— by thee.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Slaves can not breathe in England<br /></span> +<div class="ml4">·<span class="ml4">·</span><span class="ml4">·</span></div> +<span class="i0">They touch our country, and their —— fall.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FEUD</b> (<a href="#Page_170">page 170</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>feud</i>? Of what is it used? <b>2.</b> Is a <i>quarrel</i> in word or act? <i>contention</i>? +<i>strife</i>? <i>contest</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>quarrel</i> compare in importance with the +other words cited? <b>4.</b> What does an <i>affray</i> always involve? To what may a +<i>brawl</i> or <i>broil</i> be confined? <b>5.</b> How do these words compare in dignity with +<i>contention</i>, <i>contest</i>, <i>controversy</i>, and <i>dissension</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Could we forbear —— and practise love<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We should agree as angels do above.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">"Between my house and yours," he answered,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"There is a —— of five hundred years."<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Beware of entrance to a ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[435]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>FICTION</b> (<a href="#Page_170">page 170</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>fiction</i> in the most common modern meaning of the word? <b>2.</b> How +does a <i>fiction</i> differ from a <i>novel</i>? from a <i>fable</i>? from a <i>myth</i>? <b>3.</b> How does a +<i>myth</i> differ from a <i>legend</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>falsehood</i> and <i>fabrication</i> differ from +the words above mentioned? <b>5.</b> Is <i>fabrication</i> or <i>falsehood</i> the more odious +term? Which term is really the stronger? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>story</i>? Is it good +or bad, true or false? With what words of the group does it agree?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">O scenes surpassing ——, and yet true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Scenes of accomplished bliss.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— strange is told of thee.</p> + +<p>I believe the whole account from beginning to end to be a pure ——.</p> + +<p>A thing sustained by such substantial evidence could not be a mere —— of the +imagination.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FIERCE</b> (<a href="#Page_171">page 171</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>fierce</i> signify? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>ferocious</i> refer? How do the two +words differ? <b>3.</b> What does <i>savage</i> signify?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i2">—— was the day; the wintry sea<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Moaned sadly on New England's strand,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When first the thoughtful and the free,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Our fathers, trod the desert land.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i4">Contentions ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ardent, and dire, spring from no petty cause.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— savages massacred the survivors to the last man.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FINANCIAL</b> (<a href="#Page_172">page 172</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>monetary</i> directly refer? <b>2.</b> How does <i>pecuniary</i> agree with and +differ from <i>monetary</i>? <b>3.</b> To what does <i>financial</i> especially apply? <b>4.</b> In +what connection is <i>fiscal</i> most commonly used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— year closes with the society out of debt.</p> + +<p>He was rejoiced to receive the —— aid at a time when it was most needed.</p> + +<p>In a —— panic, many a sound business house goes down for want of power to +realize instantly on valuable securities.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FINE</b> (<a href="#Page_172">page 172</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>fine</i> derived, and what is its original meaning? <b>2.</b> How, from this +primary meaning does <i>fine</i> become a synonym of <i>excellent</i> and <i>beautiful</i>? <b>3.</b> +How does it come into connection with <i>clarified</i>, <i>clear</i>, <i>pure</i>, <i>refined</i>? <b>4.</b><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[436]</a></span> +How is it connected with <i>dainty</i>, <i>delicate</i>, and <i>exquisite</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>fine</i> +come to be a synonym for <i>minute</i>, <i>comminuted</i>? How for <i>filmy</i>, <i>tenuous</i>? +for <i>keen</i>, <i>sharp</i>? Give instances of the use of <i>fine</i> in its various senses.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Some people are more —— than wise.</p> + +<p>—— feathers do not always make —— birds.</p> + +<p>The ——est balances must be kept under glass, because so ——ly adjusted as +to be —— to a film of dust or a breath of air.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FIRE</b> (<a href="#Page_173">page 173</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential fact underlying the visible phenomena which we call <i>fire</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is <i>combustion</i>? <b>3.</b> How wide is its range of meaning? <b>4.</b> What is +a <i>conflagration</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">He's gone, and who knows how he may report<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy words by adding fuel to the ——?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Lo! as he comes, in Heaven's array,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And scattering wide the —— of day.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FLOCK</b> (<a href="#Page_173">page 173</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the most general word of this group? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>group</i>, and of what +class of objects may it be composed? <b>3.</b> To what class of animals does <i>brood</i> +apply? to what class does <i>litter</i> apply? <b>4.</b> Of what is <i>bevy</i> used? <i>flock</i>? <b>5.</b> +To what is <i>herd</i> limited? <b>6.</b> Of what is <i>pack</i> used? <b>7.</b> What is a <i>drove</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>What is not good for the —— is not good for the bee.</p> + +<p>He heard the bleating of the ——s and the twitter of birds among the trees.</p> + +<p>The lowing —— winds slowly o'er the lea.</p> + +<p>Excited ——s gathered at the corners discussing the affair.</p> + +<p>A —— of brightly clad women and children were enjoying a picnic under the +trees.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FLUCTUATE</b> (<a href="#Page_173">page 173</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>fluctuate</i>? <b>2.</b> In what one characteristic do <i>swerve</i> and +<i>veer</i> differ from <i>oscillate</i>, <i>fluctuate</i>, <i>undulate</i>, and <i>waver</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the difference +in mental action between <i>hesitate</i> and <i>waver</i>? between <i>vacillate</i> and +<i>waver</i>? <b>4.</b> Which of the above-mentioned words apply to persons? which to +feelings?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Thou almost mak'st me —— in my faith.</p> + +<p>The surface of the prairies rolls and —— to the eye.</p> + +<p>It is almost universally true that the human mind —— at the moment of committing +a crime.</p> + +<p>The vessel suddenly —— from her course.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[437]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>FLUID</b> (<a href="#Page_174">page 174</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>fluid</i>? <b>2.</b> Into what two sections are <i>fluids</i> divided? <b>3.</b> What is a +<i>liquid</i>? a <i>gas</i>? <b>4.</b> Are all <i>liquids</i> <i>fluids</i>? <b>5.</b> Are <i>gases</i> <i>fluids</i>? <b>6.</b> Are +<i>gases</i> ever <i>liquids</i>? <b>7.</b> What substance is at once a <i>liquid</i> and a <i>fluid</i> at the +ordinary temperature and pressure?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Now nature paints her colors, how the bee<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sits on the bloom, extracting —— sweet.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>This earth was once a —— haze of light.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FOLLOW</b> (<a href="#Page_174">page 174</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>follow</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>follow</i> compare with <i>chase</i> and <i>pursue</i>? <b>3.</b> +As regards succession in time, what is the difference between <i>follow</i> and <i>ensue</i>? +<i>result</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Say, shall my little bark attendant sail,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— the triumph and partake the gale?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i4">When Youth and Pleasure meet<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To —— the glowing Hours with flying feet.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i4">"Then —— me, the Prince,"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I answered; "each be hero in his turn!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Seven and yet one, like shadows in a dream."<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FORMIDABLE</b> (<a href="#Page_176">page 176</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>formidable</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>formidable</i> differ from <i>dangerous</i>? +<i>terrible</i>? <i>tremendous</i>? Give examples.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>All delays are —— in war.</p> + +<p>—— as an army with banners.</p> + +<p>The great fleet moved slowly toward the forts, a —— array.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FORTIFICATION</b> (<a href="#Page_176">page 176</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does a <i>fortress</i> specifically differ from a <i>fortification</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the distinctive +meaning of <i>citadel</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>fort</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>fastness</i> or +<i>stronghold</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For a man's house is his ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">A mighty —— is our God,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">A bulwark never failing;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Our helper He amid the flood<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Of mortal ills prevailing.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Alva built a —— in the heart of Antwerp to overawe the city.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[438]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>FORTITUDE</b> (<a href="#Page_176">page 176</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>fortitude</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it compare with <i>courage</i>? <b>3.</b> How do <i>resolution</i> +and <i>endurance</i> compare?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Unbounded —— and compassion join'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tempering each other in the victor's mind.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i6">Tell thy story;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If thine, consider'd, prove the thousandth part<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of my ——, thou art a man, and I<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Have suffer'd like a girl.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Thou didst smile,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Infused with a —— from heaven,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When I had decked the sea with drops full salt.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FORTUNATE</b> (<a href="#Page_177">page 177</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>fortunate</i> compare with <i>successful</i>? <b>2.</b> How are <i>lucky</i> and <i>fortunate</i> +discriminated? <b>3.</b> In what special sense, and with what reference are <i>favored</i> +and <i>prospered</i> used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is not a —— word this same "impossible;" no good comes of those that +have it so often in their mouth.</p> + +<p>Ah, —— years! once more who would not be a boy?</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">I have a mind presages me such thrift<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That I should questionless be ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FRAUD</b> (<a href="#Page_177">page 177</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>fraud</i>? How does it differ from <i>deceit</i> or <i>deception</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the +design of an <i>imposture</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>dishonesty</i>? a <i>cheat</i>? a <i>swindle</i>? How +do all these fall short of the meaning of <i>fraud</i>? <b>4.</b> Of what relations is +<i>treachery</i> used? <i>treason</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">—— doth never prosper: what's the reason?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Why, if it prosper none dare call it ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Whoever has once become notorious by base ——, even if he speaks truth gains +no belief.</p> + +<p>The first and the worst of all —— is to cheat oneself.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FRIENDLY</b> (<a href="#Page_178">page 178</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>friendly</i> signify as applied to persons, or as applied to acts? <b>2.</b> How +does the adjective <i>friendly</i> compare in strength with the noun <i>friend</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[439]</a></span> +<b>3.</b> What is the special meaning of <i>accessible</i>? of <i>companionable</i> and <i>sociable</i>? +of <i>cordial</i> and <i>genial</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He that hath friends must show himself ——.</p> + +<p>A fellow feeling makes one wondrous ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FRIENDSHIP</b> (<a href="#Page_179">page 179</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>friendship</i>? <b>2.</b> In what one quality does it differ from <i>affection</i>, <i>attachment</i>, +<i>devotion</i>, and <i>friendliness</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>comity</i> and +<i>amity</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>friendship</i> differ from <i>love</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 27em;"> +<span class="i0">Talk not of wasted ——, —— never was wasted;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If it enrich not the heart of another, its waters returning<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Back to their springs, like the rain, shall fill them full of refreshment.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">——, peculiar boon of heaven,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The noble mind's delight and pride,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To men and angels only given,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To all the lower world denied.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FRIGHTEN</b> (<a href="#Page_180">page 180</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> By what is one <i>frightened</i>? by what <i>intimidated</i>? <b>2.</b> What is it to <i>browbeat</i> +or <i>cow</i>? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>scare</i> or <i>terrify</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The child was —— by the stories the nurse told.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">The loud, loud winds, that o'er the billows sweep—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shake the firm nerve, —— the bravest soul!<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>FRUGALITY</b> (<a href="#Page_180">page 180</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>economy</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>frugality</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>parsimony</i>? How does +it compare with <i>frugality</i>? What is the motive of <i>parsimony</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +<i>miserliness</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the special characteristic of <i>prudence</i> and <i>providence</i>? +of <i>thrift</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the motive of <i>economy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There are but two ways of paying debt: increase of industry in raising, increase +of —— in laying out.</p> + +<p>By close —— the little home was at last paid for and there was a great thanksgiving +time.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GARRULOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_181">page 181</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>garrulous</i> signify? <i>chattering</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>talkative</i> and <i>loquacious</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[440]</a></span> +differ from <i>garrulous</i>, and from each other? <b>3.</b> What is the special application +of <i>verbose</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">To tame a shrew, and charm her —— tongue.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Guard against a feeble fluency, a —— prosiness, a facility of saying nothing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GENDER</b> (<a href="#Page_181">page 181</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>sex</i>? <b>2.</b> To what beings only does <i>sex</i> apply? <b>3.</b> What is <i>gender</i>? +To what does it apply? Do the distinctions of <i>gender</i> correspond to the distinctions +of <i>sex</i>? Give examples of languages containing three <i>genders</i>, and +of the classification in languages containing but two.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The maternal relation naturally and necessarily divides the work of the ——s +giving to woman the indoor life, and to man, the work of the outer world.</p> + +<p>While in French every word is either of the masculine or feminine ——, the +language sometimes fails for that very reason to indicate the —— of some person +referred to.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GENERAL</b> (<a href="#Page_181">page 181</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>general</i> signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>general</i> compare with <i>universal</i>? +with <i>common</i>? <b>3.</b> What illustrations of the differences are given in the text?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of this, the +good humor of that person, ... and so on.</p> + +<p>A —— feeling of unrest prevailed.</p> + +<p>Death comes to all by —— law.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GENEROUS</b> (<a href="#Page_182">page 182</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>generous</i>? the common meaning? <b>2.</b> How +does <i>generous</i> differ from <i>liberal</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the distinctive sense of <i>munificent</i>? +<b>4.</b> What does <i>munificent</i> tell of the motive or spirit of the giver? +What does <i>generous</i> tell? <b>5.</b> How does <i>disinterested</i> compare with <i>generous</i>? +<b>6.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>magnanimous</i>? How does it differ +from <i>generous</i> as regards dealing with insults or injuries?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i8">To cunning men<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I will be very kind; and ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To mine own children, in good bringing up.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">A —— friendship no cold medium knows,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Burns with one love, with one resentment glows.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The conqueror proved as —— in victory as he was terrible in battle.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[441]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>GENIUS</b> (<a href="#Page_183">page 183</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>genius</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>talent</i>? <b>3.</b> Which is the higher quality? <b>4.</b> +Which is the more dependent upon training?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">The eternal Master found<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His single —— well employ'd.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>No great —— was ever without some mixture of madness.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GET</b> (<a href="#Page_183">page 183</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a person said to <i>get</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>get</i> related to expectation or desire? How +is <i>gain</i> related to those words? <b>3.</b> By what processes does one <i>acquire</i>? Is +the thing <i>acquired</i> sought or desired, or not? <b>4.</b> What does one <i>earn</i>? <b>5.</b> +Does a person always <i>get</i> what he <i>earns</i> or always <i>earn</i> what he <i>gets</i>? <b>6.</b> +What does <i>obtain</i> imply? Is the thing one <i>obtains</i> an object of <i>desire</i>? How +does <i>obtain</i> differ from <i>get</i>? <b>7.</b> What does <i>win</i> imply? How is one said to +<i>win</i> a suit at law? What is the correct term in legal phrase? Why? <b>8.</b> By +what special element does <i>procure</i> differ from <i>obtain</i>? <b>9.</b> What is especially +implied in <i>secure</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He —— a living as umbrella mender but a poor living it is.</p> + +<p>—— wisdom and with all thy getting, —— understanding.</p> + +<p>In the strange city he found that all his learning would not —— him a dinner.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GIFT</b> (<a href="#Page_184">page 184</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>gift</i>? Is <i>gift</i> used in the good or the bad sense? Does the legal agree +with the popular sense? <b>2.</b> What synonymous word is always used in the evil +sense? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>benefaction</i>? a <i>donation</i>? What difference of usage is +recognized between the two words? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>gratuity</i>, and to whom +given? <b>5.</b> What is the sense and use of <i>largess</i>? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>present</i>, and +to whom given? <b>7.</b> What is the special sense of <i>boon</i>? <b>8.</b> What is a <i>grant</i>, +and by whom made?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He gave us only over beast, fish, fowl,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dominion absolute; that right we hold<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By his ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">True love's the —— which God has given<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To man alone beneath the heaven.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>"——, ——, noble knights," cried the heralds.</p> + +<p>The courts of justice had fallen so low that it was practically impossible to win a +cause without a ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_185">page 185</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>give</i>? the secondary meaning? <b>2.</b> Can we <i>give</i> +what is undesired? <b>3.</b> Can we <i>give</i> what we are paid for? <b>4.</b> How is <i>give</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[442]</a></span> +always understood when there is no limitation in the context? <b>5.</b> Is it correct +to say "He <i>gave</i> it to me for nothing"? <b>6.</b> What is to <i>grant</i>? <b>7.</b> What is +implied when we speak of <i>granting</i> a favor? <b>8.</b> What is to <i>confer</i>? <b>9.</b> +What is especially implied in <i>impart</i>? in <i>bestow</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My God shall —— all your need according to his riches in glory by Christ +Jesus.</p> + +<p>—— to every man that asketh of thee, and from him that would borrow of thee, +turn not thou away.</p> + +<p>The court promptly —— the injunction.</p> + +<p>The king —— upon him the honor of knighthood.</p> + +<p>One of the pleasantest things in life is to —— instruction to those who really desire +to learn.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GOVERN</b> (<a href="#Page_185">page 185</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does the word <i>govern</i> imply? How does it differ from <i>control</i>? <b>2.</b> How +do <i>command</i> and <i>control</i> differ? <b>3.</b> How do <i>rule</i> and <i>govern</i> differ? <b>4.</b> What +is the special significance of <i>sway</i>? of <i>mold</i>? <b>5.</b> What is it to <i>manage</i>? <b>6.</b> +What is the present meaning of <i>reign</i>? How does it compare with <i>rule</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He that —— his spirit is greater than he that taketh a city.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">For some must follow, and some ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tho all are made of clay.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Daniel Webster well described the character of "Old Hickory" in the sentence, +"I do not say that General Jackson did not mean to —— his country well, but I do +say that General Jackson meant to —— his country."</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GRACEFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_186">page 186</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>graceful</i> denote? How is it especially distinguished from <i>beautiful</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>How —— upon the mountains are the feet of him that bringeth good tidings +that publisheth peace.</p> + +<p>A —— myrtle rear'd its head.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>GRIEF</b> (<a href="#Page_187">page 187</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>grief</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>grief</i> compare with <i>sorrow</i>? with <i>sadness</i>? with +<i>melancholy</i>? <b>3.</b> What two chief senses has <i>affliction</i>? <b>4.</b> What is implied +in <i>mourning</i>, in its most common acceptation?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We glory in —— also.</p> + +<p>For our light —— which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more +exceeding and eternal weight of glory.</p> + +<p>What private —— they have, alas! I know not, that made them do it.</p></div><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[443]</a></span></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HABIT</b> (<a href="#Page_187">page 187</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>custom</i>? <i>routine</i>? Which is the more mechanical? <b>2.</b> What element +does <i>habit</i> add to <i>custom</i> and <i>routine</i>? <b>3.</b> Should we preferably use <i>custom</i> +or <i>habit</i> of a society? of an individual? <b>4.</b> What is <i>fashion</i>? <i>rule</i>? <i>system</i>? +<b>5.</b> What are <i>use</i> and <i>usage</i>, and how do they differ from each other? <b>6.</b> +What is <i>practise</i>? <b>7.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>wont</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Every —— is preserved and increased by correspondent actions, as the —— of +walking by walking, of running by running.</p> + +<p>Montaigne is wrong in declaring that —— ought to be followed simply because +it is ——, and not because it is reasonable or just.</p> + +<p>Lord Brougham says "The longer I live the more careful I am to entrust everything +that I really care to do to the beneficent power of ——."</p> + +<p>—— makes perfect.</p> + +<p>Without —— little that is valuable is ever learned or done.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HAPPEN</b> (<a href="#Page_188">page 188</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>happen</i> signify? <b>2.</b> How does it differ from <i>chance</i>? <b>3.</b> What is +the distinctive meaning of <i>betide</i>? <b>4.</b> How do both <i>befall</i> and <i>betide</i> differ +from <i>happen</i> in grammatical construction? <b>5.</b> What is the meaning of <i>supervene</i>? +<b>6.</b> Is <i>transpire</i> correctly used in the sense of <i>happen</i>? When may an +event be properly said to <i>transpire</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Whatever —— at all —— as it should.</p> + +<p>Thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bear grain, it may —— of wheat, +or of some other grain.</p> + +<p>Ill —— the graceless renegade!</p> + +<p>It —— that a secret treaty had been previously concluded between the powers.</p> + +<p>If mischief —— him, thou shalt bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the +grave.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HAPPINESS</b> (<a href="#Page_189">page 189</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>gratification</i>? <i>satisfaction</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>happiness</i>? <b>3.</b> How does +<i>happiness</i> differ from <i>comfort</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>comfort</i> differ from <i>enjoyment</i>? +<b>5.</b> How does <i>pleasure</i> compare with <i>comfort</i> and <i>enjoyment</i>? with <i>happiness</i>? +<b>6.</b> What do <i>gratification</i> and <i>satisfaction</i> express? How do they compare +with each other? <b>7.</b> How does <i>happiness</i> compare with <i>gratification</i>, <i>satisfaction</i>, +<i>comfort</i>, and <i>pleasure</i>? with <i>delight</i> and <i>joy</i>? <b>8.</b> What is <i>delight</i>? +<i>ecstasy</i>? <i>rapture</i>? <b>9.</b> What is <i>triumph</i>? <i>blessedness</i>? <i>bliss</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Sweet is —— after pain.</p> + +<p>Virtue alone is —— below.</p> + +<p>Hope elevates and —— brightens his crest.</p> + +<p>The storm raged without, but within the house all was brightness and ——.</p> + +<p>There is no —— so sweet and abiding as that of doing good.</p> + +<p>This is the very —— of love.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[444]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>HAPPY</b> (<a href="#Page_190">page 190</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>happy</i>? With what words is it allied in this +sense? <b>2.</b> In what way is <i>happy</i> a synonym of <i>blessed</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the +meaning of <i>happy</i> in its most frequent present use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— are they that mourn for they shall be comforted.</p> + +<p>To what —— accident is it that we owe so unexpected a visit.</p> + +<p>A —— heart maketh a —— countenance.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">I would not spend another such a night,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tho 'twere to buy a world of —— days.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HARMONY</b> (<a href="#Page_191">page 191</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>harmony</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>harmony</i> compare with <i>agreement</i>? <b>3.</b> How +do <i>concord</i> and <i>accord</i> compare with <i>harmony</i> and with each other? <b>4.</b> What +is <i>conformity</i>? <i>congruity</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>consistency</i>? <b>6.</b> What is <i>unanimity</i>? +<b>7.</b> How do <i>consent</i> and <i>concurrence</i> compare?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We have made a covenant with death and with hell are we at ——.</p> + +<p>Tyrants have made desperate efforts to secure outward —— in religious observances +without —— of religious belief.</p> + +<p>That action and counteraction which, in the natural and in the political world, +from the reciprocal struggle of discordant powers draws out the —— of the +universe.</p> + +<p>The speaker was, by general ——, allowed to proceed.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HARVEST</b> (<a href="#Page_192">page 192</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>harvest</i>? its later meaning? <b>2.</b> How does <i>harvest</i> +compare with <i>crop</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>produce</i>? How does it differ from <i>product</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is the meaning of <i>proceeds</i>? <i>yield</i>? <i>return</i>? <b>5.</b> Is <i>harvest</i> +capable of figurative use, and in what sense? <b>6.</b> What is the special meaning +of <i>harvest-home</i>? <i>harvest-tide</i>? <i>harvest-time</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Just tickle the earth with a hoe, and she laughs with an abundant ——.</p> + +<p>And the ripe —— of the new-mown hay gives it a sweet and wholesome odor.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">It soweth here with toil and care<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But the —— of love is there.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Of no distemper, of no blast he died,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But fell like autumn —— that mellowed long.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HATRED</b> (<a href="#Page_193">page 193</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>repugnance</i>? <i>aversion</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>hatred</i> compare with <i>aversion</i> as<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[445]</a></span> +applied to persons? as applied to things? <b>3.</b> What is <i>malice</i>? <i>malignity</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is <i>spite</i>? <b>5.</b> What are <i>grudge</i>, <i>resentment</i>, and <i>revenge</i>, and how do +they compare with one another?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Heaven has no —— like love to —— turned.</p> + +<p>The slight put upon him filled him with deep ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He ne'er bore —— for stalwart blow<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In all cases of wilful injury to person or property, the law presumes ——.</p> + +<p>I felt from our first meeting an instinctive —— for the man, which on acquaintance +deepened into a settled ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HAVE</b> (<a href="#Page_194">page 194</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what is <i>have</i> applied? How widely inclusive a word is it? <b>2.</b> What does <i>possess</i> +signify? <b>3.</b> What is to <i>hold</i>? to <i>occupy</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>be in possession</i> +compare with <i>possess</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>own</i> compare with <i>possess</i> or with <i>be in +possession</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the difference between the statement that a man <i>has</i> +reason, and the statement that he <i>is in possession</i> of his reason?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I —— is thine.</p> + +<p>I earnestly entreat you, for your own sakes, to —— yourselves of solid reasons.</p> + +<p>He occupies the house, but does not —— it.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HAZARD</b> (<a href="#Page_194">page 194</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>hazard</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>hazard</i> compare with <i>danger</i>? +<b>3.</b> How do <i>risk</i> and <i>venture</i> compare with <i>chance</i> and <i>hazard</i>, and with each +other? <b>4.</b> How do <i>accident</i> and <i>casualty</i> differ? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>contingency</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We must take the current when it serves or lose our ——.</p> + +<p>I have set my life upon a cast, and I will stand the —— of the die.</p> + +<p>There is no —— in doing known duty.</p> + +<p>Do you think it necessary to provide for every —— before taking the first step?</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HEALTHY</b> (<a href="#Page_195">page 195</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>healthy</i>? of <i>healthful</i>? Are the words properly interchangeable? +<b>2.</b> What are the chief synonyms of <i>healthy</i>? of <i>healthful</i>? <b>3.</b> +In what sense is <i>salubrious</i> used, and to what is it applied? <b>4.</b> To what realm +does <i>salutary</i> belong?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In books, or work, or —— play let my first years be passed.</p> + +<p>Blessed is the —— nature; it is the coherent, sweetly cooperative, not the self-distracting +one.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[446]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>HELP</b> (<a href="#Page_195">page 195</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Is <i>help</i> or <i>aid</i> the stronger term? <b>2.</b> Which is used in excitement or emergency? +<b>3.</b> Does <i>help</i> include <i>aid</i> or does <i>aid</i> include <i>help</i>? <b>4.</b> Which implies the +seconding of another's exertions? Do we <i>aid</i> or <i>help</i> the helpless? <b>5.</b> How +do <i>cooperate</i> and <i>assist</i> differ? <b>6.</b> To what do <i>encourage</i> and <i>uphold</i> refer? +<i>succor</i> and <i>support</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He does not prevent a crime when he can —— it.</p> + +<p>Know then whatever cheerful and serene —— the mind —— the body too.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HERETIC</b> (<a href="#Page_196">page 196</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>heretic</i>? a <i>schismatic</i>? <b>2.</b> In what does a <i>heretic</i> differ from his +church or religious body? a <i>schismatic</i>? <b>3.</b> How do a <i>heretic</i> and a <i>schismatic</i> +often differ in action? <b>4.</b> How are the terms <i>dissenter</i> and <i>non-conformist</i> +usually applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A man that is an ——, after the first and second admonition, reject.</p> + +<p>Churchmen and —— alike resisted the tyranny of James II.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HETEROGENEOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_196">page 196</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When are substances <i>heterogeneous</i> as regards each other? <b>2.</b> When is a mixture, +as cement, said to be <i>heterogeneous</i>? when <i>homogeneous</i>? <b>3.</b> What is +the special significance of <i>non-homogeneous</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>miscellaneous</i> +differ from <i>heterogeneous</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My second son received a sort of —— education at home.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">Courtier and patriot can not mix<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their —— politics<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Without an effervescence.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HIDE</b> (<a href="#Page_197">page 197</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Which is the most general term of this group, and what does it signify? <b>2.</b> Is +an object <i>hidden</i> by intention, or in what other way or ways, if any? <b>3.</b> +Does <i>conceal</i> evince intention? <b>4.</b> How does <i>secrete</i> compare with <i>conceal</i>? +How is it chiefly used? <b>5.</b> What is it to <i>cover</i>? to <i>screen</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Men use thought only as authority for their injustice, and employ speech only to —— their +thoughts.</p> + +<p>Ye little stars! —— your diminished rays.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HIGH</b> (<a href="#Page_198">page 198</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What kind of a term is <i>high</i>? What does it signify? Give instances of the relative<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[447]</a></span> +use of the word. <b>2.</b> How does <i>high</i> compare with <i>deep</i>? To what objects +may these words be severally applied? <b>3.</b> What is the special significance +of <i>tall</i>? <b>4.</b> What element does <i>lofty</i> add to the meaning of <i>high</i> or +<i>tall</i>? <b>5.</b> How do <i>elevated</i> and <i>eminent</i> compare in the literal sense? in the +figurative? <b>6.</b> How do the words above mentioned compare with <i>exalted</i>? +<b>7.</b> What contrasted uses has <i>high</i> in the figurative sense? <b>8.</b> What is <i>towering</i> +in the literal, and in the figurative sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A pillar'd shade, —— overarched, and echoing walks between.</p> + +<p>A daughter of the gods, divinely —— and most divinely fair.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">What is that which the breeze on the —— steep,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i6">He knew<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Himself to sing, and build the —— rime.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HINDER</b> (<a href="#Page_199">page 199</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>hinder</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>hinder</i> differ from <i>delay</i>? <b>3.</b> How does +<i>hinder</i> compare with <i>prevent</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the meaning of <i>retard</i>? <b>5.</b> +What is it to <i>obstruct</i>? to <i>resist</i>? How do these two words compare with each +other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— the Devil, and he will flee from you.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">My tears must stop, for every drop<br /></span> +<span class="i2">—— my needle and thread.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is the study of mankind to —— that advance of age or death which can not +be ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HISTORY</b> (<a href="#Page_200">page 200</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>history</i>? How does it relate events? To what class of events does it +apply? <b>2.</b> How does <i>history</i> differ from <i>annals</i> or <i>chronicles</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Happy the people whose —— are dulled.</p> + +<p>—— is little else than a picture of human crimes and misfortunes.</p> + +<p>—— is philosophy teaching by example.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HOLY</b> (<a href="#Page_200">page 200</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>sacred</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it compare with <i>holy</i>? <b>3.</b> Which +term do we apply directly to God? <b>4.</b> In what sense is <i>divine</i> loosely used? +What is its more appropriate sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— time is quiet as a nun breathless with adoration.</p> + +<p>A —— burden is this life ye bear.</p> + +<p>All sects and churches of Christendom hold to some form of the doctrine of the —— inspiration +of the Christian Scriptures.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[448]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>HOME</b> (<a href="#Page_201">page 201</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the general sense of <i>abode</i>, <i>dwelling</i>, and <i>habitation</i>? What difference +is there in the use of these words? <b>2.</b> From what language is <i>home</i> derived? +What is its distinctive meaning?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">An —— giddy and unsure<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hath he that buildeth on the vulgar heart.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The attempt to abolish the ideal woman and keep the ideal —— is a predestinated +failure.</p> + +<p>A house without love may be a castle or a palace, but it is not a ——.</p> + +<p>Love is the life of a true ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HONEST</b> (<a href="#Page_202">page 202</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>honest</i> in ordinary use? <b>2.</b> What is the meaning of +<i>honorable</i>? <b>3.</b> How will the merely <i>honest</i> and the truly <i>honorable</i> man differ +in action? <b>4.</b> What is <i>honest</i> in the highest and fullest sense? How, in +this sense, does it differ from <i>honorable</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">—— labor bears a lovely face.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An —— man's the noblest work of God.</p> + +<p>No form of pure, undisguised murder will be any longer allowed to confound +itself with the necessities of —— warfare.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HORIZONTAL</b> (<a href="#Page_202">page 202</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>horizontal</i> signify? How does it compare with <i>level</i>? <b>2.</b> From +what language is <i>flat</i> derived? <b>3.</b> What is its original meaning? its most +common present sense? In what derived sense is it often used? <b>4.</b> What +are the senses of <i>plain</i> and <i>plane</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Sun and moon were in the —— sea sunk.</p> + +<p>Ample spaces o'er the smooth and —— pavement.</p> + +<p>The prominent lines in Greek architecture were ——, and not vertical.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HUNT</b> (<a href="#Page_203">page 203</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>hunt</i>? <b>2.</b> For what is a <i>chase</i> or <i>pursuit</i> conducted? a <i>search</i>? <b>3.</b> +What does <i>hunt</i> ordinarily include? <b>4.</b> Is it correct to use <i>hunt</i> when <i>search</i> +only is contemplated? <b>5.</b> How are these words used in the figurative senses?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[449]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Among the inalienable rights of man are life, liberty, and the —— of +happiness.</p> + +<p>All things have an end, and so did our —— for lodgings.</p> + +<p>The —— formed the principal amusement of our Norman kings, who for that +purpose retained in their possession forests in every part of the kingdom.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">The —— is up, but they shall know<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The stag at bay's a dangerous foe.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HYPOCRISY</b> (<a href="#Page_204">page 204</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>pretense</i> derived, and what does it signify? <b>2.</b> What is +<i>hypocrisy</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>cant</i>? <i>sanctimoniousness</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>pietism</i>? +<i>formalism</i>? <i>sham</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>affectation</i> compare with <i>hypocrisy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let not the Trojans, with a feigned —— of proffered peace, delude the Latian +prince.</p> + +<p>—— is a fawning and flexible art, which accommodates itself to human feelings, +and flatters the weakness of men in order that it may gain its own ends.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HYPOCRITE</b> (<a href="#Page_204">page 204</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>hypocrite</i> derived? What is its primary meaning? <b>2.</b> +What common term includes the other words of the group? <b>3.</b> How are +<i>hypocrite</i> and <i>dissembler</i> contrasted with each other? <b>4.</b> What element is +common to the <i>cheat</i> and the <i>impostor</i>? How do the two compare with each +other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is the weakest sort of politicians that are the greatest ——.</p> + +<p>I dare swear he is no —— but prays from his heart.</p> + +<p>In the reign of Henry VII., an ——, named Perkin Warbeck, laid claim to the +English crown.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>HYPOTHESIS</b> (<a href="#Page_205">page 205</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>hypothesis</i>? What is its use in scientific investigation and study? <b>2.</b> +What is a <i>guess</i>? a <i>conjecture</i>? a <i>supposition</i>? a <i>surmise</i>? <b>3.</b> What implication +does <i>surmise</i> ordinarily convey? What is a <i>theory</i>? a <i>scheme</i>? a +<i>speculation</i>? How do they differ?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>——, fancies, built on nothing firm.</p> + +<p>There are no other limits to —— than those of the human mind.</p> + +<p>The development ——, tho widely accepted by men of science fails of proof at +many important points.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IDEA</b> (<a href="#Page_206">page 206</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>idea</i> derived, and what did it originally mean? <b>2.</b> What<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span> +did <i>idea</i> signify in early philosophical use? <b>3.</b> What is its present popular +use, and with what words is it now synonymous?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">All rests with those who read. A work or ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is what each makes it to himself.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He who comes up to his own —— of greatness must always have had a very +low standard of it in his mind.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IDEAL</b> (<a href="#Page_206">page 206</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>ideal</i>? <b>2.</b> What is an <i>archetype</i>? a <i>prototype</i>? <b>3.</b> Can a <i>prototype</i> +be equivalent to an <i>archetype</i>? <b>4.</b> Is an <i>ideal</i> primal, or the result of +development? <b>5.</b> What is an <i>original</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the <i>standard</i>? How +does it compare with the <i>ideal</i>? <b>7.</b> How are <i>idea</i> and <i>ideal</i> contrasted?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Be a —— to others and then all will go well.</p> + +<p>The mind's the —— of the man.</p> + +<p>Every man has at times in his mind the —— of what he should be, but is not.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IDIOCY</b> (<a href="#Page_207">page 207</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>idiocy</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>imbecility</i>? How does it compare with <i>idiocy</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>insanity</i> differ from <i>idiocy</i> or <i>imbecility</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>folly</i> and +<i>foolishness</i> compare with <i>idiocy</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>fatuity</i>? <i>stupidity</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis —— to be wise.</p> + +<p>To expect an effect without a cause, or attainment without application, is little +less than ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IDLE</b> (<a href="#Page_208">page 208</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>idle</i> derived, and what is its original meaning? <b>2.</b> What +does <i>idle</i> in present use properly denote? Does it necessarily denote the absence +of all action? <b>3.</b> What does <i>lazy</i> signify? How does it differ from +<i>idle</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>inert</i> signify? <i>sluggish</i>? <b>5.</b> In what realm does +<i>slothful</i> belong, and what does it denote? <b>6.</b> How does <i>indolent</i> compare +with <i>slothful</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— stream was covered with a green scum.</p> + +<p>Never —— a moment, but thrifty and thoughtful of others.</p> + +<p>As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the —— turn upon his bed.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IGNORANT</b> (<a href="#Page_208">page 208</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>ignorant</i> signify? How wide is its range? <b>2.</b> What is the meaning +of <i>illiterate</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>unlettered</i> compare with <i>illiterate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>So foolish was I and ——; I was as a beast before thee.</p> + +<p>A boy is better unborn than ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[451]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>IMAGINATION</b> (<a href="#Page_209">page 209</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Into what two parts was <i>imagination</i> divided in the old psychology? <b>2.</b> What +name is now preferably given to the so-called <i>Reproductive Imagination</i> by +President Porter and others? <b>3.</b> What is <i>fantasy</i> or <i>phantasy</i>? In what +mental actions is it manifested? <b>4.</b> What is <i>fantasy</i> in ordinary usage? <b>5.</b> +How is <i>imagination</i> defined? <i>fancy</i>? <b>6.</b> To what faculty of the mind do +both of these activities or powers belong? <b>7.</b> In what other respects do +<i>imagination</i> and <i>fancy</i> agree? What is the one great distinction between them? +How do they respectively treat the material objects or images with which +they deal? Which power finds use in philosophy, science, and mechanical +invention, and how?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">While ——, like the finger of a clock,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Runs the great circuit, and is still at home.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">And as —— bodies forth<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A local habitation and a name.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IMMEDIATELY</b> (<a href="#Page_211">page 211</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>immediately</i>? Its meaning as an adverb of +time? <b>2.</b> What did <i>by and by</i> formerly signify? What is its present meaning? +<b>3.</b> What did <i>directly</i> formerly signify, and what does it now commonly mean? +<b>4.</b> What change has <i>presently</i> undergone? <b>5.</b> Is <i>immediately</i> losing anything +of its force? What words now seem more emphatic?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Nothing is there to come, and nothing past,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But an eternal —— does always last.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let us go up ——, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it.</p> + +<p>Obey me ——!</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IMMERSE</b> (<a href="#Page_212">page 212</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>dip</i> derived? from what <i>immerse</i>? <b>2.</b> How do the two +words differ in dignity? How as to the completeness of the action? How as +to the continuance of the object in or under the liquid? <b>3.</b> Which word is +preferably used as to the rite of baptism? <b>4.</b> What does <i>submerge</i> imply? <b>5.</b> +What are <i>douse</i> and <i>duck</i>? <b>6.</b> What special sense has <i>dip</i> which the other +words do not share?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Let the dead Past —— its dead.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The ships of war, Congress and Cumberland, were —— by the Merrimac.</p> + +<p>When food can not be swallowed, life may be prolonged by —— the body in +nutritive fluids.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[452]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>IMMINENT</b> (<a href="#Page_212">page 212</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>imminent</i> derived and with what primary sense? <i>impending</i>? +<b>2.</b> How do <i>imminent</i> and <i>impending</i> differ in present use? <b>3.</b> +How does <i>threatening</i> differ from the two words above given?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">And nodding Ilium waits the —— fall.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">And these she does apply for warnings, portents,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And evils ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IMPEDIMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_213">page 213</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>impediment</i> primarily signify? <i>obstacle</i>? <i>obstruction</i>? <b>2.</b> How does +<i>obstacle</i> differ from <i>obstruction</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>hindrance</i>? <b>4.</b> Is an <i>impediment</i> +what one finds or what he carries? Is it momentary or constant? What +did the Latin <i>impedimenta</i> signify? <b>5.</b> What is an <i>encumbrance</i>? How does +it differ from an <i>obstacle</i> or <i>obstruction</i>? <b>6.</b> Is a <i>difficulty</i> within one or +without?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Something between a —— and a help.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Thus far into the bowels of the land<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Have we march'd without ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Demosthenes became the foremost orator of the world in spite of an —— in +his speech.</p> + +<p>——s overcome are the stepping-stones by which great men rise.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>IMPUDENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_213">page 213</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>impertinence</i> primarily denote? What is its common acceptation? +<b>2.</b> What is <i>impudence</i>? <i>insolence</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>officiousness</i>? <b>4.</b> What does +<i>rudeness</i> suggest?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">With matchless —— they style a wife<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The dear-bought curse, and lawful plague of life.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is better not to turn friendship into a system of lawful and unpunishable ——.</p> + +<p>A certain class of ill-natured people mistake —— for frankness.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INCONGRUOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_214">page 214</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When are things said to be <i>incongruous</i>? <b>2.</b> To what is <i>discordant</i> applied? +<i>inharmonious</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>incompatible</i> signify? When are things said +to be <i>incompatible</i>? <b>4.</b> To what does <i>inconsistent</i> apply? <b>5.</b> What illustrations +of the uses of these words are given in the text? <b>6.</b> What is the meaning +of <i>incommensurable</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[453]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>No solitude is so solitary as that of —— companionship.</p> + +<p>I hear a strain —— as a merry dirge, or sacramental bacchanal might be.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INDUCTION</b> (<a href="#Page_215">page 215</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>deduction</i>? <i>induction</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the proof of an <i>induction</i>? <b>3.</b> +What process is ordinarily followed in what is known as scientific <i>induction</i>? +<b>4.</b> How do <i>deduction</i> and <i>induction</i> compare as to the certainty of the conclusion? +<b>5.</b> How does an <i>induction</i> compare with an <i>inference</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The longer one studies a vast subject the more cautious in —— he becomes.</p> + +<p>Perhaps the widest and best known —— of Biology, is that organisms grow.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INDUSTRIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_215">page 215</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>busy</i> differ from <i>industrious</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the implication if we say +one is <i>industrious</i> just now? <b>3.</b> What does <i>diligent</i> add to the meaning of +<i>industrious</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i2">Look cheerfully upon me,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Here, love; thou see'st how —— I am.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— have no time for tears.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INDUSTRY</b> (<a href="#Page_216">page 216</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>industry</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>assiduity</i> signify as indicated by its etymology? +<i>diligence</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>application</i> compare with <i>assiduity</i>? <b>4.</b> +What is <i>constancy</i>? <i>patience</i>? <i>perseverance</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>persistence</i>? What +implication does it frequently convey? <b>6.</b> How does <i>industry</i> compare with +<i>diligence</i>? <b>7.</b> To what do <i>labor</i> and <i>pains</i> especially refer?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Honors come by ——; riches spring from economy.</p> + +<p>'Tis —— supports us all.</p> + +<p>There is no success in study without close, continuous, and intense ——.</p> + +<p>His —— in wickedness would have won him enduring honor if it had taken the +form of —— in a better cause.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INFINITE</b> (<a href="#Page_216">page 216</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>infinite</i> derived, and with what meaning? To what may +it be applied? <b>2.</b> How do <i>countless</i>, <i>innumerable</i>, and <i>numberless</i> compare +with <i>infinite</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the use of <i>boundless</i>, <i>illimitable</i>, <i>limitless</i>, <i>measureless</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[454]</a></span> +and <i>unlimited</i>? <b>4.</b> What are the dimensions of <i>infinite</i> space? +What is the duration of <i>infinite</i> time?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My bounty is as —— as the sea, my love as deep, the more I give to thee, the +more I have, for both are ——.</p> + +<p>Man's inhumanity to man makes —— thousands mourn.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INFLUENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_217">page 217</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>influence</i>? is one <i>influenced</i> by external or internal force? <b>2.</b> To +what kind of power does <i>actuate</i> refer? Does one person <i>actuate</i> or <i>influence</i> +another? <b>3.</b> What do <i>prompt</i> and <i>stir</i> imply? <b>4.</b> What is it to <i>excite</i>? <b>5.</b> +What do <i>incite</i> and <i>instigate</i> signify? How do these two words differ? <b>6.</b> +What do <i>urge</i> and <i>impel</i> imply? How do they differ in the source of the +power exerted? <b>7.</b> What do <i>drive</i> and <i>compel</i> imply, and how do these two +words compare with each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He was —— by his own violent passions to desperate crime.</p> + +<p>And well she can ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Fine thoughts are wealth, for the right use of which<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Men are and ought to be accountable,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If not to Thee, to those they ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INHERENT</b> (<a href="#Page_218">page 218</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>inherent</i> signify? <b>2.</b> To what realm of thought does <i>immanent</i> belong? +What does it signify? How does it differ from <i>inherent</i>? Which is +applied to the Divine Being? <b>3.</b> To what do <i>congenital</i>, <i>innate</i>, and <i>inborn</i> +apply as distinguished from <i>inherent</i> and <i>intrinsic</i>? <b>4.</b> With what special +reference does <i>congenital</i> occur in medical and legal use? <b>5.</b> What is the +difference in use between <i>innate</i> and <i>inborn</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>inbred</i> add to +the sense of <i>innate</i> or <i>inborn</i>? <b>7.</b> What is <i>ingrained</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>An —— power in the life of the world.</p> + +<p>All men have an —— right to life, liberty, and protection.</p> + +<p>He evinced an —— stupidity that seemed almost tantamount to —— idiocy.</p> + +<p>Many philosophers hold that God is —— in nature.</p> + +<p>Any stable currency must be founded at last upon something, as gold or silver, +that has —— value.</p> + +<p>The wrongs and abuses which are —— in the very structure and constitution +of society as it now exists throughout Christendom.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INJURY</b> (<a href="#Page_219">page 219</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>injury</i> derived? What is its primary meaning? Its<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[455]</a></span> +derived meaning? <b>2.</b> How inclusive a word is <i>injury</i>? <b>3.</b> From what is +<i>damage</i> derived, and with what original sense? <i>detriment</i>? How do these +words compare in actual use? <b>4.</b> How does <i>damage</i> compare with <i>loss</i>? +How can a <i>loss</i> be said to be partial? <b>5.</b> What is <i>evil</i>, and with what frequent +suggestion? <b>6.</b> What is <i>harm</i>? <i>hurt</i>? How do these words compare with +<i>injury</i>? <b>7.</b> What is <i>mischief</i>? How caused, and with what intent?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Nothing can work me ——, except myself; the —— that I sustain I carry +about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Hippolyta, I woo'd thee with my sword,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And won thy love, doing thee ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INJUSTICE</b> (<a href="#Page_220">page 220</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>injustice</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>wrong</i> differ from <i>injustice</i> in legal use? How +in popular use? <b>3.</b> What is <i>iniquity</i> in the legal sense? in the common +sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>War in men's eyes shall be a monster of ——.</p> + +<p>No man can mortgage his —— as a pawn for his fidelity.</p> + +<p>Such an act is an —— upon humanity.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INNOCENT</b> (<a href="#Page_220">page 220</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>innocent</i> in the full sense signify? <b>2.</b> Is <i>innocent</i> positive or negative? +How does it compare with <i>righteous</i>, <i>upright</i>, or <i>virtuous</i>? <b>3.</b> In what +two applications may <i>immaculate</i>, <i>pure</i>, and <i>sinless</i> be used? <b>4.</b> With what +limited sense is <i>innocent</i> used of moral beings? <b>5.</b> In what sense is <i>innocent</i> +applied to inanimate substances?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>They are as —— as grace itself.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">For blessings ever wait on —— deeds,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And tho a late, a sure reward succeeds.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The wicked flee where no man pursueth, but the —— are bold as a lion.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">A daughter, and a goodly babe;<br /></span> +<span class="i4">... the queen receives<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Much comfort in't: says, <i>My poor prisoner,</i><br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>I am —— as you</i>.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INQUISITIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_221">page 221</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the characteristics of an <i>inquisitive</i> person? <b>2.</b> Is <i>inquisitive</i> ever +used in a good sense? What, in that sense, is ordinarily preferred? <b>3.</b> What +does <i>curious</i> signify, and how does it differ from <i>inquisitive</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[456]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>His was an anxiously —— mind, a scrupulously conscientious heart.</p> + +<p>Adrian was the most —— man that ever lived, and the most universal inquirer.</p> + +<p>I am —— to know the cause of this sudden change of purpose.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INSANITY</b> (<a href="#Page_221">page 221</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>insanity</i> in the widest sense? in its restricted use? Which use is the +more frequent? <b>2.</b> From what is <i>lunacy</i> derived? What did it originally imply? +In what sense is it now used? <b>3.</b> What is <i>madness</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +<i>derangement</i>? <i>delirium</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the specific meaning of <i>dementia</i>? +<b>6.</b> What is <i>aberration</i>? <b>7.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>hallucination</i>? +<b>8.</b> What is <i>monomania</i>? <b>9.</b> What are <i>frenzy</i> and <i>mania</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Go—you may call it ——, folly—you shall not chase my gloom away.</p> + +<p>All power of fancy over reason is a degree of ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INTERPOSE</b> (<a href="#Page_222">page 222</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>interpose</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>intercede</i> differ from <i>interpose</i>? <b>3.</b> What +is it to <i>intermeddle</i>? How does it differ from <i>meddle</i>? from <i>interfere</i>? <b>4.</b> +What do <i>arbitrate</i> and <i>mediate</i> involve?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Dion, his brother, —— for him and his life was saved.</p> + +<p>Nature has —— a natural barrier between England and the continent.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>INVOLVE</b> (<a href="#Page_223">page 223</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>involve</i> derived, and with what primary meaning? <b>2.</b> +How does <i>involve</i> compare with <i>implicate</i>? <b>3.</b> Are these words used in the favorable +or the unfavorable sense? <b>4.</b> As regards results what is the difference +between <i>include</i>, <i>imply</i>, and <i>involve</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Rocks may be squeezed into new forms, bent, contorted, and ——.</p> + +<p>An oyster-shell sometimes —— a pearl.</p> + +<p>—— in other men's affairs, he went down to their ruin.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>JOURNEY</b> (<a href="#Page_223">page 223</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>journey</i> derived? What is its primary meaning? Its +present meaning? <b>2.</b> What is <i>travel</i>? How does it differ from <i>journey</i>? <b>3.</b> +What was the former meaning of <i>voyage</i>? its present meaning? <b>4.</b> What is +a <i>trip</i>? a <i>tour</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the meaning and common use of <i>passage</i>? of<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[457]</a></span> +<i>transit</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>pilgrimage</i>? How is it now +used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— makes all men countrymen.</p> + +<p>All the —— of their life is bound in shallows and in miseries.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">It were a —— like the path to heaven,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To help you find them.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>JUDGE</b> (<a href="#Page_224">page 224</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>judge</i> in the legal sense? <b>2.</b> What other senses has the word <i>judge</i> in +common use? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>referee</i>, and how appointed? an <i>arbitrator</i>? <b>4.</b> +What is the popular sense of <i>umpire</i>? the legal sense? <b>5.</b> What is the present +use of <i>arbiter</i>? <b>6.</b> What are the <i>judges</i> of the United States Supreme +Court officially called?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i4">The end crowns all,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And that old common ——, Time,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Will one day end it.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A man who is no —— of law may be a good —— of poetry.</p> + +<p>The —— is only the mouth of law, and the magistrate who punishes is only +the hand.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>JUSTICE</b> (<a href="#Page_225">page 225</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>justice</i> in governmental relations? in social and personal relations? in +matters of reasoning or literary treatment? <b>2.</b> To what do <i>integrity</i>, <i>rectitude</i>, +<i>right</i>, <i>righteousness</i>, and <i>virtue</i> apply? What do all these include? <b>3.</b> +What two contrasted senses has <i>lawfulness</i>? <b>4.</b> To what does <i>justness</i> refer, +and in what sense is it used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— exalteth a nation.</p> + +<p>—— of life is fame's best friend.</p> + +<p>He shall have merely ——, and his bond.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>KEEP</b> (<a href="#Page_226">page 226</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the general meaning of <i>keep</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>keep</i> compare with <i>preserve</i>? +<i>fulfil</i>? <i>maintain</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>keep</i> imply when used as a synonym of +<i>guard</i> or <i>defend</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>These make and —— the balance of the mind.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The good old rule<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sufficeth them,—the simple plan,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That they should take who have the power<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And they should —— who can.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— thy shop, and thy shop will —— thee.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[458]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>KILL</b> (<a href="#Page_226">page 226</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>kill</i>? <b>2.</b> To what are <i>assassinate</i>, <i>execute</i>, and <i>murder</i> restricted? +<b>3.</b> What is the specific meaning of <i>murder</i>? <i>execute</i>? <i>assassinate</i>? To what +class of persons is the latter word ordinarily applied? <b>4.</b> What is it to <i>slay</i>? +<b>5.</b> To what is <i>massacre</i> limited? With what special meaning is it used? <b>6.</b> +To what do <i>butcher</i> and <i>slaughter</i> primarily apply? What is the sense of each +when so used? <b>7.</b> What is it to <i>despatch</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To look into her eyes was to —— doubt.</p> + +<p>Two presidents of the United States have been ——.</p> + +<p>Hamilton was —— in a duel by Aaron Burr.</p> + +<p>The place was carried by storm, and the inhabitants —— without distinction of +age or sex.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>KIN</b> (<a href="#Page_227">page 227</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>kind</i> compare with <i>kin</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>kin</i> and <i>kindred</i> denote? <b>3.</b> +What is <i>affinity</i>? How does it differ from <i>consanguinity</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A little more than ——, and less than ——.</p> + +<p>He held his seat,—a friend to the human ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">The patient bride, a little sad,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Leaving of home and ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>KNOWLEDGE</b> (<a href="#Page_227">page 227</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>knowledge</i>? How does it differ from <i>information</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>perception</i>? +<i>apprehension</i>? <i>cognizance</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>intuition</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>experience</i>, +and how does it differ from <i>intuition</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>learning</i>? <i>erudition</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— comes, but wisdom lingers.</p> + +<p>The child is continually seeking ——; hence his endless questions.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">'Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And coming events cast their shadows before.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>——s lie at the very foundation of all reasoning.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LANGUAGE</b> (<a href="#Page_228">page 228</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation of <i>language</i>? What was its original signification? How +wide is its present meaning? <b>2.</b> As regards the use of words, what does <i>language</i> +denote in the general and in the restricted sense? <b>3.</b> What does <i>speech</i> +always involve? <b>4.</b> Can we speak of the <i>speech</i> of animals? of their <i>language</i>? +<b>5.</b> What is a <i>dialect</i>? a <i>barbarism</i>? an <i>idiom</i>? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>patois</i>? +How does it differ from a <i>dialect</i>? <b>7.</b> What is a <i>vernacular</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[459]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">We must be free or die, who speak the ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That Shakespeare spake: the faith and morals hold<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which Milton held.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is great; but silence is greater.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">An infant crying in the night,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">An infant crying for the light,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And with no —— but a cry.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Thought leapt out to wed with Thought,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ere Thought could wed itself with ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i4">A Babylonish ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which learned pedants much affect.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">O! good, my lord, no Latin;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'm not such a truant since my coming<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As not to know the —— I have lived in.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LARGE</b> (<a href="#Page_229">page 229</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To how many dimensions does <i>large</i> apply? How does it differ from <i>long</i>? <b>2.</b> +How does <i>large</i> compare with <i>great</i>? with <i>big</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By which those —— in war, are —— in love.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Everything is twice as —— measured on a three-year-old's three-foot scale as +on a thirty-year-old's six-foot scale.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i2">And his —— manly voice,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Turning again toward childish treble,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pipes and whistles in its sound.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LAW</b> (<a href="#Page_229">page 229</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the definition of <i>law</i> in its ideal? What does it signify in common use? +<b>2.</b> What are the characteristics of <i>command</i> and <i>commandment</i>? of an <i>edict</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is a <i>mandate</i>? a <i>statute</i>? an <i>enactment</i>? <b>4.</b> In what special connection +is <i>formula</i> commonly used? <i>ordinance</i>? <i>order</i>? <b>5.</b> What is the +meaning of <i>law</i> in such an expression as "the <i>laws</i> of nature?" What in +more strictly scientific use? <b>6.</b> What is a <i>code</i>? <i>jurisprudence</i>? <i>legislation</i>? +What is an <i>economy</i>? Is <i>law</i> ever a synonym for these words, and in what +way?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Order is Heaven's first ——; and this confest,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Some are, and must be, greater than the rest.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Those he commands move only in ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nothing in love.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">His fair large front and eye sublime declared<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Absolute ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We have strict ——, and most biting ——.</p> + +<p>Napoleon gave France the best —— of —— she has ever possessed.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[460]</a></span></p> + +<p>—— is physical, established sequence; intellectual, a condition of intellectual +action in order that truth may be reached; and moral, an imperative which determines +the right guidance of our higher life.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LIBERTY</b> (<a href="#Page_230">page 230</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>freedom</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>liberty</i> in the primary sense? in the widest +sense? <b>3.</b> How do <i>freedom</i> and <i>liberty</i> compare? <b>4.</b> How is <i>independence</i> +used in distinction from <i>freedom</i> and <i>liberty</i>? <b>5.</b> Is <i>freedom</i> or <i>liberty</i> more +freely used in a figurative sense? <b>6.</b> What is <i>license</i>? How does it compare +with <i>liberty</i> and <i>freedom</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In Rousseau's philosophy —— is conceived of as lawlessness.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">When —— from her mountain-height<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Unfurled her standard to the air,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She tore the azure robe of night,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And set the stars of glory there.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— to go higher than we are is given only when we have fulfilled amply +the duty of our present sphere.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">—— they mean when they cry ——!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For who loves that must first be wise and good.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LIGHT</b> (<a href="#Page_231">page 231</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>light</i>? <b>2.</b> What are the characteristics of a <i>flame</i>? a <i>blaze</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a +<i>flare</i>? a <i>flash</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the sense of <i>glare</i> and <i>glow</i>? How do they differ, and +to what are they applied? <b>5.</b> To what do <i>shine</i> and <i>sheen</i> refer? <b>6.</b> What do +<i>glimmer</i>, <i>glitter</i>, and <i>shimmer</i> denote? <b>7.</b> What is <i>gleam</i>? a <i>glitter</i>? a <i>sparkle</i>? +<i>glistening</i>? <b>8.</b> What is <i>scintillation</i>? in what two senses used? <b>9.</b> To +what are <i>twinkle</i> and <i>twinkling</i> applied? <b>10.</b> What is <i>illumination</i>? <i>incandescence</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>From a little spark may burst a mighty ——.</p> + +<p>A —— as of another life, my kindling soul received.</p> + +<p>It is ——, that enables us to see the differences between things; and it is Christ +that gives us ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">White with the whiteness of the snow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pink with faintest rosy ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They blossom on their sprays.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">Ghastly in the —— of day.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">—— in golden coats like images.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">So —— a good deed in a naughty world.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">There's but the —— of a star<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Between a man of peace and war.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[461]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>LISTEN</b> (<a href="#Page_232">page 232</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>hear</i> signify? What does <i>listen</i> add to the meaning of <i>hear</i>? <b>2.</b> +What does <i>attend</i> add to the meaning of <i>listen</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>heed</i> further +imply? <b>4.</b> What is the difference between <i>listen for</i> and <i>listen to</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">And ——! how blithe the throstle sings;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He, too, is no mean preacher;<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 11em;"> +<span class="i0">Till I —— and ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If a step draweth near.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Chill airs and wintry winds! my ear<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Has grown familiar with your song;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I —— it in the opening year,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I ——, and it cheers me long.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">——, every one<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That —— may, unto a tale<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That's merrier than the nightingale.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The men lay silent in the tall grass —— for the signal gun that should bid +them rise and charge.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LITERATURE</b> (<a href="#Page_233">page 233</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>literature</i> in the most general sense? in more limited sense? <b>2.</b> +What does <i>literature</i>, used absolutely, denote? <b>3.</b> How may <i>literature</i> include +<i>science</i>? How is it ordinarily contrasted with <i>science</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Wherever —— consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings gladness +to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears—there is exhibited in its noblest form +the immortal influence of Athens.</p> + +<p>—— are lifelong friends.</p> + +<p>—— are embalmed minds.</p> + +<p>In our own language we have a —— nowhere surpassed, in whose lock no foreign +key will ever rust.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LOAD</b> (<a href="#Page_233">page 233</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>burden</i> derived, and with what primary meaning? <i>load</i>? +<b>2.</b> What does <i>weight</i> signify? How does it compare with <i>load</i> and <i>burden</i>? +<b>3.</b> What are <i>cargo</i>, <i>freight</i>, and <i>lading</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the distinctive sense of +<i>pack</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Bear ye one another's ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i2">Wearing all that ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of learning lightly like a flower.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The ass will carry his ——, but not a double ——.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[462]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>LOOK</b> (<a href="#Page_234">page 234</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the distinction between <i>look</i> and <i>see</i>? between these words and <i>behold</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is it to <i>gaze</i>? to <i>glance</i>? to <i>stare</i>? <b>3.</b> What do <i>scan</i>, <i>inspect</i>, and +<i>survey</i> respectively express, and how are they distinguished from one another? +<b>4.</b> What element or elements does <i>watch</i> add to the meaning of <i>look</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is always well to —— at people when addressing them.</p> + +<p>Having eyes they —— not, and having ears hear not.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Then gently —— your brother man,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Still gentler sister woman;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tho' they may gang a kennin wrang,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To step aside is human.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that —— for the morning.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">How peacefully the broad and golden moon<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Comes up to —— upon the reaper's toil!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">I am monarch of all I ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My right there is none to dispute;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From the center all round to the sea,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I am lord of the fowl and the brute.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">But, ——, the morn in russet mantle clad,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>LOVE</b> (<a href="#Page_235">page 235</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>affection</i>? <b>2.</b> What may be given as a brief definition of <i>love</i>? <b>3.</b> +Does <i>affection</i> apply to persons or things? To what does <i>love</i> apply? <b>4.</b> What +term is preferable to <i>love</i> as applying to articles of food and the like? <b>5.</b> How +does <i>love</i> differ from <i>affection</i>? from <i>friendship</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Peace, commerce, and honest —— with all nations help to form the bright constellation +which has gone before us.</p> + +<p>And you must love him ere to you he will seem worthy of your ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Yet pity for a horse o'erdriven<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And —— in which my hound has part<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Can hang no weight upon my heart,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In its assumptions up to heaven.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Such —— and unbroken faith<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As temper life's worst bitterness.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MAKE</b> (<a href="#Page_236">page 236</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential idea of <i>make</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>make</i> allied with <i>create</i>? <b>3.</b> +How is <i>make</i> allied with <i>compose</i> or <i>constitute</i>? <b>4.</b> What are some chief antonyms +for <i>make</i>? <b>5.</b> What are the prepositions chiefly used with <i>make</i>, and +how employed?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[463]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In the beginning God —— the heaven and the earth.</p> + +<p>The mason ——, the architect ——.</p> + +<p>I assert confidently that it is in the power of one American mother to —— as +many gentlemen as she has sons.</p> + +<p>Newton discovered, but did not —— the law of gravitation.</p> + +<p>The river flows over a bed of pebbles like those that —— the beach and the +surrounding plains.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">A hermit and a wolf or two<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My whole acquaintance ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If we were not willing, they possessed the power of —— us to do them justice.</p> + +<p>The lessons of adversity sometimes soften and ——, but as often they indurate +and pervert.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MARRIAGE</b> (<a href="#Page_236">page 236</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>matrimony</i> specifically denote? <b>2.</b> What two senses has <i>marriage</i>? +<b>3.</b> From what language is <i>wedlock</i> derived? what is its distinctive use? <b>4.</b> +What is the meaning of <i>wedding</i>? <i>nuptials</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let me not to the —— of true minds admit impediments.</p> + +<p>The lover was killed in a duel on the night before the intended ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">I'll join my eldest daughter, and my joy,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To him forthwith in holy —— bonds.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MASCULINE</b> (<a href="#Page_237">page 237</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what is <i>male</i> applied? To what <i>masculine</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>manly</i> refer? +<i>manful</i>? In what connection can <i>manly</i> be used where <i>manful</i> could not be +substituted? <b>3.</b> What is the sense of <i>mannish</i>? <i>virile</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Every virtue in the higher phases of —— character begins in truth and pity or +truth and reverence to all womanhood.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">One brave and —— struggle<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And he gained the solid land<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the cover of the mountains<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the carbines of his band.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; —— and +female created he them.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MASSACRE</b> (<a href="#Page_237">page 237</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>massacre</i>? <i>butchery</i>? <i>havoc</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>carnage</i> especially refer? +<i>slaughter</i>? <b>3.</b> Which of these words can be used of the destruction +of life in open and honorable warfare?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[464]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Mark! where his —— and his conquests cease!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He makes a solitude and calls it peace!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Forbade to wade through —— to a throne,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And shut the gates of mercy on mankind.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The capture of Port Arthur was followed by a terrible ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MEDDLESOME</b> (<a href="#Page_238">page 238</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the conduct specially characteristic of a <i>meddlesome</i> person? of an <i>intrusive</i> +person? of one who is <i>obtrusive</i>? <i>officious</i>? <b>2.</b> To what is <i>obtrusive</i> +chiefly applied? <i>intrusive</i>? <i>officious</i>? <i>meddlesome</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Where sorrow's held —— and turned out,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There wisdom will not enter nor true power,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor aught that dignifies humanity.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— monkey had been among the papers.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MELODY</b> (<a href="#Page_238">page 238</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>harmony</i>? <i>melody</i>? In what special feature does the one differ from the +other? <b>2.</b> How many parts are required for <i>harmony</i>? how many for <i>melody</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is <i>unison</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>music</i> include?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i6">Sweetest ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Are those that are by distance made more sweet.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">——, when soft voices die,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vibrates in the memory.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Ring out ye crystal spheres<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And with your ninefold ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Make up full consort to the angelic ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MEMORY</b> (<a href="#Page_239">page 239</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>memory</i> in the special and in the general sense? <b>2.</b> What is <i>remembrance</i>, +and how distinguished from <i>memory</i>? <b>3.</b> Is <i>remembrance</i> voluntary +or involuntary? <b>4.</b> What is <i>recollection</i>, and what does it involve? <b>5.</b> What +is <i>reminiscence</i>? <i>retrospection</i>? How do these two words differ?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— like a purse, if it be over-full that it can not shut, all will drop out of it; +take heed of a gluttonous curiosity to feed on many things, lest the greediness +of the appetite of thy —— spoil the digestion thereof.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">—— wakes with all her busy train,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Swells at my breast, and turns the past to pain.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is a favorite device of eminent men to devote their old age to writing their ——s, +thus quietly living over again a busy or tumultuous life.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[465]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>MERCY</b> (<a href="#Page_239">page 239</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>mercy</i> in the strictest sense? <b>2.</b> To what class is <i>grace</i> shown? <b>3.</b> To +what class are <i>mercy</i>, <i>forgiveness</i>, and <i>pardon</i> extended? <b>4.</b> In what wider +significations is <i>mercy</i> used? <b>5.</b> What is <i>clemency</i>? <i>leniency</i> or <i>lenity</i>? How +do these words compare with <i>mercy</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i8">How would you be,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If He, which is the top of judgment, should<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But judge you as you are? O, think on that;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And —— then will breathe within your lips,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Like man new made.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The only protection which the conquered could find was in the moderation, the ——, +and the enlarged policy of the conquerors.</p> + +<p>To favor sin is to discourage virtue; undue —— to the bad is unkindness to the +good.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>METER</b> (<a href="#Page_240">page 240</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>euphony</i>? How does it differ from <i>meter</i>, <i>measure</i>, and <i>rhythm</i>? <b>2.</b> +How are <i>rhythm</i> and <i>meter</i> produced? <b>3.</b> How does <i>meter</i> differ from +<i>rhythm</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>verse</i> in the strict sense? In what wider sense is the +word often used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is a very vague and unscientific term. Each nation considers its own +language, each tribe its own dialect, euphonic.</p> + +<p>—— may be defined to be a succession of poetical feet arranged in regular +order according to certain types recognized as standards, in verses of a determinate +length.</p> + +<p>We have three principal domains in which —— manifests its nature and power—dancing, +music, poetry.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MIND</b> (<a href="#Page_241">page 241</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>mind</i>? How does it differ from <i>intellect</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>consciousness</i> +include? Is it attended with distinct thinking and willing? <b>3.</b> What is the +<i>soul</i>? <b>4.</b> From what is <i>spirit</i> used in special contradistinction? How does it +differ from <i>soul</i>? <b>5.</b> What is Paley's definition of <i>instinct</i>? <b>6.</b> In what contrasted +meanings is the word <i>sense</i> employed? <b>7.</b> What is <i>thought</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A great —— will be strong to live, as well as to think.</p> + +<p>God is a ——: and they that worship him must worship him in —— and in +truth.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MINUTE</b> (<a href="#Page_242">page 242</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>minute</i>? <b>2.</b> When is a thing said to be <i>comminuted</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>fine</i> differ from <i>comminuted</i>? <b>4.</b> What terms are applied to an +account extended to <i>minute</i> particulars? to an examination similarly extended?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[466]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">No —— room so warm and bright,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wherein to read, wherein to write.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Life hangs on, held by a —— thread.</p> + +<p>An organism so —— as to be visible only under the microscope, yet possessed +of life, motion, and seeming intelligence is a source of ceaseless wonder.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MISFORTUNE</b> (<a href="#Page_242">page 242</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>misfortune</i>? Is the sufferer considered blameworthy for it? <b>2.</b> What +is <i>calamity</i>? <i>disaster</i>? <b>3.</b> In what special sense are the words <i>affliction</i>, +<i>chastening</i>, <i>trial</i>, and <i>tribulation</i> used? How are these four words discriminated +the one from another?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">He's not valiant that dares die,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But he that boldly bears ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I never knew a man in life who could not bear another's —— perfectly like a +Christian.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MODEL</b> (<a href="#Page_243">page 243</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>model</i>? a <i>pattern</i>? How are they distinguished from one another? +<b>2.</b> Which admits of freedom or idealization?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Things done without ——, in their issue<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Are to be fear'd.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Be a —— to others, and then all will go well.</p> + +<p>Washington and his compeers had no —— of a federal republic with constitutional +bonds and limitations.</p> + +<p>Moses was admonished, See that thou make all things according to the —— shewed +to thee in the mount.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MODESTY</b> (<a href="#Page_244">page 244</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>modesty</i> in the general sense? In what specific sense is the word also +used? <b>2.</b> What is <i>bashfulness</i>? <i>diffidence</i>? <i>coyness</i>? <i>reserve</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For silence and chaste —— is woman's genuine praise, and to remain quiet +within the house.</p> + +<p>If a young lady has that discretion and ——, without which all knowledge is little +worth, she will never make an ostentatious parade of it.</p> + +<p>His shrinking —— was often mistaken for a proud ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MONEY</b> (<a href="#Page_244">page 244</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>money</i>? <i>specie</i>? <i>cash</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>property</i> differ from <i>money</i>? <b>3.</b> +What is <i>bullion</i>? <i>capital</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[467]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i4">I am not covetous for ——;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor care I who doth feed upon my cost.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For the love of —— is the root of all evil.</p> + +<p>He converted all his —— into ready ——.</p> + +<p>One who undertakes to do business without —— is likely to be speedily straitened +for ——.</p> + +<p>—— in reversion may be of far less value than —— in hand.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MOROSE</b> (<a href="#Page_245">page 245</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> By what characteristics are the <i>morose</i> distinguished? the <i>sullen</i> and <i>sulky</i>? <b>2.</b> +How does <i>sullen</i> differ from <i>sulky</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>surly</i>? <b>4.</b> +Which of these words denote transient moods and which denote enduring +states or disposition?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">My master is of —— disposition,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And little recks to find the way to heaven<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By doing deeds of hospitality.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A poet who fails in writing, becomes often a —— critic.</p> + +<p>He answered with a —— growl.</p> + +<p>Achilles remained in his tent in —— inaction.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MOTION</b> (<a href="#Page_246">page 246</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>motion</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>motion</i> differ from <i>movement</i>? Give examples. +<b>3.</b> In what sense is <i>move</i> employed? <b>4.</b> What is the special sense of <i>motion</i> +in a deliberative assembly? <b>5.</b> Is <i>action</i> or <i>motion</i> the more comprehensive +word? Which is commonly used in reference to the mind?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>That —— is best which procures the greatest happiness for the greatest +numbers.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">There is no death! What seems so is ——;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">This life of mortal breath<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is but a suburb of the life elysian,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Whose portal we call Death.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The Copernican theory first clearly explained the —— of the planets.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>MUTUAL</b> (<a href="#Page_246">page 246</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>common</i>? <i>mutual</i>? <i>reciprocal</i>? <b>2.</b> Is it correct to speak +of a <i>mutual</i> friend?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— friendships will admit of division, one may love the beauty of this, the +good humor of that person.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[468]</a></span></p> + +<p>In all true family life there is a —— dependence which binds hearts together.</p> + +<p>—— action is the rule in the human body, where every part is alternately +means and end, and every action both cause and effect.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NAME</b> (<a href="#Page_247">page 247</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>name</i> in the most general sense? <b>2.</b> In the more limited sense, how +does a <i>name</i> differ from an <i>appellation</i>? a <i>title</i>? Give instances of the use of +these three words. <b>3.</b> From what language is <i>epithet</i> derived? What is its +primary meaning? <b>4.</b> What does <i>epithet</i> signify in literary use? <b>5.</b> What +part of speech is an <i>epithet</i>? Is it favorable or unfavorable in signification? +<b>6.</b> What is a <i>cognomen</i>? How does it differ from a <i>surname</i>? <b>7.</b> What is +<i>style</i> considered as a synonym of <i>name</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Those he commands, move only in command<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nothing in love: now does he feel the ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hang loose about him, like a giant's robe<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Upon a dwarfish thief.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>O magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his —— together.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NATIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_248">page 248</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>native</i> denote? <i>natal</i>? <i>natural</i>? <b>2.</b> What examples are given in +the text of the correct use of these words?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I would advise no child's being taught music who has not a —— aptitude for it.</p> + +<p>It was the 4th of July, the —— day of American freedom.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NAUTICAL</b> (<a href="#Page_248">page 248</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>marine</i> derived? <i>maritime</i>? What do these two words respectively +signify? <b>2.</b> From what is <i>naval</i> derived? <i>nautical</i>? How do these +words differ in meaning? <b>3.</b> How does <i>ocean</i>, used adjectively, differ from +<i>oceanic</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i6">That sea-beast,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Leviathan, which God of all his works<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Created hugest that swim the —— stream.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NEAT</b> (<a href="#Page_249">page 249</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>clean</i> signify? <b>2.</b> Does <i>orderly</i> apply to persons or things, and in +what sense? <b>3.</b> What does <i>tidy</i> denote? <b>4.</b> What is the meaning of <i>neat</i>? +<b>5.</b> How does <i>nice</i> compare with <i>neat</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the significance of <i>spruce</i>? +<i>trim</i>? <i>dapper</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[469]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If he (Jefferson) condescended to turn —— sentences for delicate ears—still, he +was essentially an earnest man.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Still to be ——, still to be drest,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As you were going to a feast,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Still to be powder'd, still perfum'd.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NECESSARY</b> (<a href="#Page_250">page 250</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is a thing properly said to be <i>necessary</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the meaning of <i>essential</i>? +How does it differ from <i>indispensable</i>? <b>3.</b> With reference to what is a +thing said to be <i>requisite</i>? How does <i>requisite</i> compare with <i>essential</i> and +<i>indispensable</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>inevitable</i> and <i>unavoidable</i> compare? To what +kind of things are both these words applied? <b>5.</b> How do <i>needed</i> and <i>needful</i> +compare with <i>necessary</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>As you grow ready for it, somewhere or other you will find what is —— for +you in a book.</p> + +<p>The ideas of space and time are called in philosophy —— ideas.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NECESSITY</b> (<a href="#Page_250">page 250</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>necessity</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>need</i> and <i>want</i> imply? How does <i>need</i> compare +with <i>want</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>necessity</i> compare with <i>need</i>? <b>4.</b> What is an +<i>essential</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Courage is, on all hands, considered as an —— of high character.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">No living man can send me to the shades<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Before my time; no man of woman born,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Coward or brave, can shun his ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NEGLECT</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_251">page 251</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>neglect</i>? <i>negligence</i>? How do the two words compare? <b>2.</b> What +senses has <i>negligence</i> that <i>neglect</i> has not? <b>3.</b> Which of the two words may +be used in a passive sense? <b>4.</b> What is the legal phrase for a punishable +<i>omission</i> of duty?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i10">Ah, why<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Should we, in the world's riper years, ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">God's ancient sanctuaries, and adore<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Only among the crowd.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i4">But, alas, to make<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A fixed figure, for the hand of ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To point his slow unmoving finger at.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[470]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>NEW</b> (<a href="#Page_252">page 252</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>new</i>? of <i>modern</i>? of <i>recent</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>recent</i> compare +with <i>new</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>novel</i>? of <i>fresh</i>? <b>4.</b> To what do +<i>young</i> and <i>youthful</i> distinctively apply?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NIMBLE</b> (<a href="#Page_253">page 253</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>nimble</i> properly refer? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>swift</i> apply? <b>3.</b> How +does <i>alert</i> compare with <i>nimble</i>? For what is <i>alert</i> more properly a synonym?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">Win her with gifts, if she respect not words;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dumb jewels often, in their silent kind,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">More —— than words, do move a woman's mind.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Profound thinkers are often helpless in society, while shallow men have —— and +ready minds.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NORMAL</b> (<a href="#Page_253">page 253</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>natural</i> signify? <i>normal</i>? Give instances of the distinctive use of +the two words. <b>2.</b> What does <i>typical</i> signify? <i>regular</i>? <i>common</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He does it with a better grace, but I do it more ——.</p> + +<p>The —— round of work may grow monotonous, but it is evidently necessary.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>NOTWITHSTANDING</b> (<a href="#Page_254">page 254</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the signification of <i>however</i> as a conjunction? of <i>nevertheless</i>? <b>2.</b> +Which is the most emphatic word of the group and what does it signify? <b>3.</b> +How do <i>yet</i> and <i>still</i> compare with <i>notwithstanding</i>? with <i>but</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +the force of <i>tho</i> and <i>altho</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>notwithstanding</i> as a preposition +differ from <i>despite</i> or <i>in spite of</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">—— do thy worst, old Time; despite thy wrong,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My love shall in my verse ever live young.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— till all graces be in one woman, one woman shall not come in my grace.</p> + +<p>There was an immense crowd —— the inclement weather.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OATH</b> (<a href="#Page_254">page 254</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is an <i>oath</i>? an <i>affidavit</i>? How does the <i>affidavit</i> differ from the <i>oath</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is an <i>adjuration</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>vow</i>? How does it differ from an +<i>oath</i>? <b>4.</b> Of what words is <i>oath</i> a popular synonym? <b>5.</b> In what do <i>anathema</i>,<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[471]</a></span> +<i>curse</i>, <i>execration</i>, and <i>imprecation</i> agree? <b>6.</b> What is an <i>anathema</i>? +<b>7.</b> Is a <i>curse</i> just or unjust? <b>8.</b> What does <i>execration</i> express? <i>imprecation</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Better is it that thou shouldest not ——, than that thou shouldest —— and +not pay.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Then how can any man be said<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To break an —— he never made?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OBSCURE</b> (<a href="#Page_255">page 255</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>obscure</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>obscure</i> compare with <i>complicated</i>? with <i>complex</i>? +with <i>abstruse</i>? with <i>profound</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OBSOLETE</b> (<a href="#Page_256">page 256</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is a word <i>obsolete</i>? When is a word <i>archaic</i>? <b>2.</b> Is an <i>old</i> or <i>ancient</i> +word necessarily <i>obsolete</i>? <b>3.</b> What is meant by saying that a word is <i>rare</i>? +<b>4.</b> Is a <i>rare</i> word necessarily <i>obsolete</i> or an <i>obsolete</i> word necessarily <i>rare</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>When the labors of modern philologists began, Sanscrit was the most —— of +all the Aryan languages known to them.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Atlas, we read in —— song,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Was so exceeding tall and strong,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He bore the skies upon his back,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Just as the pedler does his pack.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is wonderful that so few —— words are found in Shakespeare after the +lapse of three centuries.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OBSTINATE</b> (<a href="#Page_256">page 256</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>headstrong</i> differ from <i>obstinate</i> and <i>stubborn</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>obstinate</i> +and <i>stubborn</i> differ from each other? Which is commonly applied to the inferior +animals and to inanimate things? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>refractory</i>? +How does it differ from <i>stubborn</i>? Which word is applied to metals, +and in what sense? <b>4.</b> What is the meaning of <i>obdurate</i>? <i>contumacious</i>? +<i>pertinacious</i>? <b>5.</b> What words do we apply to the <i>unyielding</i> character or +conduct that we approve?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Is it in heav'n a crime to love too well?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To bear too tender, or too —— a heart,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To act a Lover's or a Roman's part?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>"I shall talk of what I like," she said wilfully, clasping her hands round her +knees with the gesture of an —— child.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[472]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>OBSTRUCT</b> (<a href="#Page_257">page 257</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the literal meaning of <i>obstruct</i>? How does it compare with <i>hinder</i>? +<b>2.</b> How does <i>obstruct</i> compare with <i>impede</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>arrest</i> signify in +the sense here considered?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There is a certain wisdom of humanity which is common to the greatest men +with the lowest, and which our ordinary education often labors to silence and ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">No, no ——ing the vast wheel of time,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That round and round still turns with onward might.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OLD</b> (<a href="#Page_257">page 257</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>old</i> signify? <b>2.</b> How do <i>old</i> and <i>ancient</i> compare? <b>3.</b> What contrasted +senses has <i>old</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the special force of <i>olden</i>? <b>5.</b> In what sense are +<i>gray</i>, <i>hoary</i>, and <i>olden</i> used of material objects? <b>6.</b> To what is <i>aged</i> chiefly +applied? <b>7.</b> To what do <i>decrepit</i>, <i>gray</i>, and <i>hoary</i> apply, as said of human +beings? <b>8.</b> To what does <i>senile</i> apply? <b>9.</b> In what sense is <i>elderly</i> used? +<b>10.</b> What are the primary and derived meanings of <i>remote</i>? <b>11.</b> What does +<i>venerable</i> express?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i12">The hills,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rock-ribbed and —— as the sun,—the vales<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Stretching in pensive quietness between;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— woods, ...<br /></span> +<span class="i0">... and, poured round all,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— ocean's gray and melancholy waste,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Are but the solemn decorations all<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of the great tomb of man.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Through the sequestered vale of rural life,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The —— patriarch guileless held<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The tenor of his way.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>O good —— head which all men knew!</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Shall we, shall —— men, like —— trees,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Strike deeper their vile root, and closer cling,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Still more enamored of their wretched soil?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OPERATION</b> (<a href="#Page_258">page 258</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>operation</i> denote? and by what kind of agent is it effected? <b>2.</b> +What do <i>performance</i> and <i>execution</i> denote? and by what kind of agents are +they effected? <b>3.</b> How does <i>performance</i> differ from <i>execution</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It requires a surgical —— to get a joke well into a Scotch understanding.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">His promises were, as he then was, mighty;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But his ——, as he is now, nothing.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[473]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>ORDER</b> (<a href="#Page_258">page 258</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>instruction</i> imply? <i>direction</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>order</i> compare with +<i>direction</i>? <b>3.</b> To what classes of persons are <i>orders</i> especially given? How +does an <i>order</i> in the commercial sense become authoritative? <b>4.</b> How does +<i>command</i> compare with <i>order</i>? <b>5.</b> In what sense is <i>requirement</i> used? By +what authority is a <i>requirement</i> made? <b>6.</b> In what sense is <i>prohibition</i> used? +<i>injunction</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>General Sherman writes in his Memoirs, "I have never in my life questioned or +disobeyed an ——."</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">"Ye shall become like God"—transcendent fate!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That God's —— forgot, she plucked and ate.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OSTENTATION</b> (<a href="#Page_259">page 259</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>ostentation</i>? How does it compare with <i>boasting</i>? <i>display</i>? <i>show</i>? +<b>2.</b> What is <i>pomp</i>? <i>pageant</i> or <i>pageantry</i>? What do the two latter words +suggest, and how do they compare with <i>pomp</i>? <b>3.</b> From what is <i>parade</i> +derived? What is its primary meaning? With what implication is it +always used in the metaphorical sense? How does <i>parade</i> compare with +<i>ostentation</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">The boast of heraldry, the —— of power,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Await alike the inevitable hour;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The paths of glory lead but to the grave.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The President's salary does not permit ——, nor, indeed, is —— expected +of him.</p> + +<p>With all his wealth, talent, and learning, he was singularly free from ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OVERSIGHT</b> (<a href="#Page_260">page 260</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what two contrasted senses is <i>oversight</i> used? <b>2.</b> How does <i>superintendence</i> +compare with <i>oversight</i>? <b>3.</b> With what special reference is <i>control</i> used? <b>4.</b> +What kind of a term is <i>surveillance</i>, and what does it imply?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Those able to conduct great enterprises must be allowed wages of ——.</p> + +<p>O Friendship, equal poised ——!</p> + +<p>Feed the flock of God which is among you, taking the —— thereof not by constraint, +but willingly.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>OUGHT</b> (<a href="#Page_260">page 260</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>ought</i> properly signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>ought</i> compare with <i>should</i>? +<b>3.</b> In what secondary sense is <i>ought</i> sometimes used?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_474" id="Page_474">[474]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He has not a right to do what he likes, but only what he —— with his own, +which after all is his own only in a qualified sense.</p> + +<p>Age —— have reverence, and —— be worthy to have it.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PAIN</b> (<a href="#Page_261">page 261</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>pain</i>? <i>suffering</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>distress</i> rank as compared with <i>pain</i> +and <i>suffering</i>? <b>3.</b> What is an <i>ache</i>? a <i>throe</i>? a <i>paroxysm</i>? <b>4.</b> What is +<i>agony</i>? <i>anguish</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">To each his ——s; all are men,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Condemned alike to groan;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The tender for another's ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The unfeeling for his own.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The weariest and most loathed worldly life<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That age, ——, penury, and imprisonment<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can lay on nature.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PALLIATE</b> (<a href="#Page_261">page 261</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How do <i>cloak</i> and <i>palliate</i> agree in original meaning? How do they differ in the +derived senses? <b>2.</b> What is it to <i>extenuate</i>, and how does that word compare +with <i>palliate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Speak of me as I am; nothing ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor aught set down in malice.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We would not dissemble nor —— [our transgressions] before the face of +Almighty God, our heavenly Father.</p> + +<p>I shall never attempt to —— my own foibles by exposing the error of another.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PARDON</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_262">page 262</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>pardon</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>forgive</i> refer? <b>3.</b> How do <i>pardon</i> and +<i>forgive</i> differ in use in accordance with the difference in meaning? <b>4.</b> What +is it to <i>remit</i>? to <i>condone</i>? to <i>excuse</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">How many will say ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And find a kind of license in the sound<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To hate a little longer!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">I —— him, as heaven shall —— me.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">To err is human, to ——, divine.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[475]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PARDON</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_262">page 262</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>acquittal</i>? How does it differ from <i>pardon</i> as regards the person acquitted +or pardoned? <b>2.</b> Is an innocent person ever pardoned? <b>3.</b> What is <i>oblivion</i>? +<i>amnesty</i>? <i>absolution</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">For 'tis sweet to stammer one letter<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of the Eternal's language;—on earth it is called ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>——, not wrath, is God's best attribute.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">—— to the injured does belong,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But they ne'er —— who have done the wrong.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PART</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_264">page 264</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>part</i>? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>fragment</i>? a <i>piece</i>? <b>3.</b> What do <i>division</i> and +<i>fraction</i> signify? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>portion</i>? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>share</i>? an <i>instalment</i>? +a <i>particle</i>? <b>6.</b> What do <i>component</i>, <i>constituent</i>, <i>ingredient</i>, and <i>element</i> signify? +How do they differ from one another? <b>7.</b> What is a <i>subdivision</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">The best —— of a good man's life,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His little, nameless, unremembered acts<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of kindness and of love.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i2">Spirits that live throughout,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vital in every —— ...<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can not but by annihilating die.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Many cheap houses were built to be sold by ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PARTICLE</b> (<a href="#Page_264">page 264</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>particle</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>atom</i> etymologically signify? What is its +meaning in present scientific use? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>molecule</i>, and of what is it +regarded as composed? <b>4.</b> What is an <i>element</i> in chemistry?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Lucretius held that the universe originated from a fortuitous concourse of ——s.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">But thou shalt flourish in immortal youth,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Unhurt amidst the war of ——s,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Many aquatic animals, whose food consists of small —— diffused through the +water, have an apparatus for creating currents so as to bring such —— within their +reach.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PATIENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_265">page 265</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>patience</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>endurance</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>patience</i> compare +with <i>submission</i> and <i>endurance</i>? <b>4.</b> To what are <i>submission</i> and <i>resignation</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[476]</a></span> +ordinarily applied? <b>5.</b> What is <i>forbearance</i>? How does it compare with +<i>patience</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">With —— bear the lot to thee assigned,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nor think it chance, nor murmur at the load,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For know what man calls Fortune is from God.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There is, however, a limit at which —— ceases to be a virtue.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PAY</b> (<a href="#Page_266">page 266</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>pay</i>? <i>compensation</i>? <i>remuneration</i>? <i>recompense</i>? <b>2.</b> What is an +<i>allowance</i>? <b>3.</b> What are <i>wages</i>? <i>earnings</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>hire</i>? what does +it imply? <b>5.</b> For what is <i>salary</i> paid? How does it differ from <i>wages</i>? <b>6.</b> What +is a <i>fee</i>, and for what given?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I am not aware that ——, or even favors, however gracious, bind any man's +soul.</p> + +<p>Our praises are our ——.</p> + +<p>Carey, in early life, was a country minister with a small ——.</p> + +<p>Laborers are remunerated by ——, and officials by ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PEOPLE</b> (<a href="#Page_266">page 266</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>community</i>? a <i>commonwealth</i>? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>people</i>? a <i>race</i>? <b>3.</b> +What is a <i>state</i>? a <i>nation</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>population</i> signify? <i>tribe</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— may let a king fall, and still remain a ——, but if a king let his —— slip +from him, he is no longer a king.</p> + +<p>Questions of —— have played a great part in the politics and wars of the latter +half of the nineteenth century, the Germanic ——, the Slavonic ——, the Italian, +and the Greek ——s struggling to assert their unity.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERCEIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_267">page 267</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What class of things do we <i>perceive</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>apprehend</i> differ in scope +from <i>perceive</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>conceive</i> signify? <b>4.</b> How does <i>comprehend</i> +compare with <i>apprehend</i>? with <i>conceive</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We may —— the tokens of the divine agency without being able to —— or —— the +divine Being.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">... Admitted once to his embrace,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thou shalt —— that thou wast blind before.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">O horror! horror! horror! Tongue nor heart<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can not —— nor name thee!<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_477" id="Page_477">[477]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PERFECT</b> (<a href="#Page_268">page 268</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>perfect</i> in the fullest and highest sense? <b>2.</b> What is <i>absolute</i> in the fullest +sense? <b>3.</b> What is <i>perfect</i> in the limited sense, and in popular language?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>We have the idea of a Being infinitely ——, and from this Descartes reasoned +that such a being really exists.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i10">'Shall remain'!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hear you this Triton of the minnows? mark you<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His —— 'shall'?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERMANENT</b> (<a href="#Page_269">page 269</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>durable</i> derived? to what class of substances is it applied? <b>2.</b> +What is <i>permanent</i>, and in what connections used? <b>3.</b> How does <i>enduring</i> +compare with <i>durable</i>? with <i>permanent</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My heart is wax, molded as she pleases, but —— as marble to retain.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">A violet in the youth of primy nature,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Forward, not ——, sweet, not ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The perfume and suppliance of a minute.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the Lord, to eat sufficiently, +and for —— clothing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERMISSION</b> (<a href="#Page_269">page 269</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>authority</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>permission</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>permission</i> compare +with <i>allowance</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>permit</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>license</i>? How does it +compare with <i>authority</i>? with <i>permission</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>consent</i> involve?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">God is more there than thou; for thou art there<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Only by his ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Thieves for their robbery have ——,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When judges steal themselves.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Very few of the Egyptians avail themselves of the —— which their religion +allows them, of having four wives.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERNICIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_270">page 270</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>pernicious</i> derived, and what does it signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>pernicious</i> +compare with <i>injurious</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>noisome</i> denote? <b>4.</b> What is +the distinctive sense of <i>noxious</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>noxious</i> compare with <i>noisome</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Inflaming wine, —— to mankind.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">So bees with smoke, and doves with —— stench,<br /></span><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[478]</a></span> +<span class="i0">Are from their hives, and houses, driven away.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The strong smell of sulfur, and a choking sensation of the lungs indicated the +presence of —— gases.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERPLEXITY</b> (<a href="#Page_270">page 270</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>perplexity</i>? <i>confusion</i>? How do the two words compare? <b>2.</b> How do +<i>bewilderment</i> and <i>confusion</i> compare? <b>3.</b> From what does <i>amazement</i> result?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq1"> +<p><span class="smc">Caius.</span>—Vere is mine host <i>de Jarterre</i>?<br /> +<span class="smc">Host.</span>—Here, master doctor, in —— and doubtful dilemma.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i2">There is such —— in my powers<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As, after some oration fairly spoke<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By a beloved prince, there doth appear<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Among the buzzing, pleased multitude.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERSUADE</b> (<a href="#Page_271">page 271</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>convince</i> denote? How does it differ from the other words of the +group? <b>2.</b> What is it to <i>persuade</i>? <b>3.</b> How is <i>convincing</i> related to <i>persuasion</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>coax</i> compare with <i>persuade</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A long train of these practises has at length unwillingly —— me that there is +something hid behind the throne greater than the king himself.</p> + +<p>He had a head to contrive, a tongue to ——, and a hand to execute any mischief.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PERVERSE</b> (<a href="#Page_272">page 272</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the etymological meaning of <i>perverse</i>? What does it signify in common +use? <b>2.</b> What does <i>petulant</i> signify? <i>wayward</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">And you, my lords—methinks you do not well,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To bear with their —— objections.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Whining, purblind, —— boy!</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">Good Lord! what madness rules in brainsick men<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When, for so slight and frivolous a cause,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Such —— emulations shall arise.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PHYSICAL</b> (<a href="#Page_272">page 272</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>material</i> signify? <b>2.</b> What idea does <i>physical</i> add to that contained +in <i>material</i>? <b>3.</b> To what do <i>bodily</i>, <i>corporal</i>, and <i>corporeal</i> apply? <b>4.</b> How +do <i>bodily</i> and <i>corporal</i> differ from <i>corporeal</i>? <b>5.</b> To what is <i>corporal</i> now for +the most part limited?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[479]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— punishment is practically abandoned in the greater number of American +schools.</p> + +<p>Man has two parts, the one —— and earthly, the other immaterial and +spiritual.</p> + +<p>These races are all clearly differentiated by other —— traits than the color of +the skin.</p> + +<p>We can not think of substance save in terms that imply —— properties.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PITIFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_273">page 273</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What was the original meaning of <i>pitiful</i>? What does it now signify? <b>2.</b> How +does <i>pitiful</i> differ in use from <i>pitiable</i>? <b>3.</b> What was the early and what is +the present sense of <i>piteous</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There is something pleading and —— in the simplicity of perfect ignorance.</p> + +<p>The most —— sight one ever sees is a young man doing nothing; the Furies +early drag him to his doom.</p> + +<p>O, the most —— cry of the poor souls!</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PITY</b> (<a href="#Page_273">page 273</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>pity</i>? <i>sympathy</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>sympathy</i> in its exercise differ from +<i>pity</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>pity</i> differ from <i>mercy</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>compassion</i> compare +with <i>mercy</i> and <i>pity</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>commiseration</i> differ from +<i>compassion</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Nothing but the Infinite —— is sufficient for the infinite pathos of human life.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">He hallows every heart he once has swayed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And when his presence we no longer share,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Still leaves —— as a relic there.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PLEAD</b> (<a href="#Page_274">page 274</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>plead</i> in the ordinary sense? in the legal sense? <b>2.</b> How do <i>argue</i> +and <i>advocate</i> differ? <b>3.</b> What do <i>beseech</i>, <i>entreat</i>, and <i>implore</i> imply? <b>4.</b> +How does <i>solicit</i> compare with the above words?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Speak to me low, my Savior, low and sweet,<br /></span> +<div class="ml4">·<span class="ml4">·</span><span class="ml4">·</span></div> +<span class="i0">Lest I should fear and fall, and miss thee so,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who art not missed by any that ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Speaking of the honor paid to good men, is it not time to —— for a reform in +the writing of biographies?</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[480]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PLEASANT</b> (<a href="#Page_275">page 275</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>pleasant</i> add to the sense of <i>pleasing</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>pleasant</i> compare +with <i>kind</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>good-natured</i> signify? How does it compare +with <i>pleasant</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch<br /></span> +<span class="i0">About him, and lies down to —— dreams.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">When fiction rises —— to the eye,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Men will believe because they love the lie.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">... If we must part forever,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Give me but one —— word to think upon.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PLENTIFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_276">page 276</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What kind of a term is <i>enough</i>, and what does it mean? <b>2.</b> How does <i>sufficient</i> +compare with <i>enough</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>ample</i>? <b>4.</b> To what do <i>abundant</i>, <i>ample</i>, +<i>liberal</i>, and <i>plentiful</i> apply? <b>5.</b> How is <i>copious</i> used? <i>affluent</i>? <i>plentiful</i>? +<b>6.</b> What does <i>complete</i> express? <b>7.</b> In what sense are <i>lavish</i> and <i>profuse</i> employed? +<b>8.</b> To what is <i>luxuriant</i> applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i12">My —— joys,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wanton in fulness, seek to hide themselves<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In drops of sorrow.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Can anybody remember when the right sort of men and the right sort of women +were ——?</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">Share the advice betwixt you; if both gain all,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The gift doth stretch itself as 'tis received,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And is —— for both.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He hasted, and opposed the rocky orb<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of tenfold adamant, his —— shield.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>POETRY</b> (<a href="#Page_277">page 277</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>poetry</i>? <b>2.</b> Does <i>poetry</i> involve <i>rime</i>? Does it require <i>meter</i>? <b>3.</b> +What is imperatively required beyond <i>verse</i>, <i>rime</i>, or <i>meter</i> to constitute +<i>poetry</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is rhythmical, imaginative language, expressing the invention, taste, +thought, passion, and insight of a human soul.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i10">He knew<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Himself to sing, and build the lofty ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">And ever against eating cares,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Lap me in soft Lydian airs,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Married to immortal ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[481]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>POLITE</b> (<a href="#Page_277">page 277</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are the characteristics of a <i>civil</i> person? What more is found in one who +is <i>polite</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>courteous</i> compare with <i>civil</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>courtly</i> +signify? <i>genteel</i>? <i>urbane</i>? <b>4.</b> In what sense is <i>polished</i> used? <i>complaisant</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>She is not —— for the sake of seeming ——, but —— for the sake of being +kind.</p> + +<p>He was so generally —— that nobody thanked him for it.</p> + +<p>Her air, her manners, all who saw admired; —— tho coy, and gentle tho retired.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>POVERTY</b> (<a href="#Page_279">page 279</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>poverty</i> strictly denote? What does it signify in ordinary use? <b>2.</b> +What does <i>privation</i> signify? How does it compare with <i>distress</i>? <b>3.</b> What +is <i>indigence</i>? <i>destitution</i>? <i>penury</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>pauperism</i> properly signify? +How does it differ from <i>beggary</i> and <i>mendicancy</i>?</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>POWER</b> (<a href="#Page_279">page 279</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>power</i>? <b>2.</b> Is <i>power</i> limited to intelligent agents, or how widely +applied? <b>3.</b> How does <i>ability</i> compare with <i>power</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>capacity</i>, +and how related to <i>power</i> and to <i>ability</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>competency</i>? <i>faculty</i>? +<i>talent</i>? <b>6.</b> What are <i>dexterity</i> and <i>skill</i>? How are they related to <i>talent</i>? <b>7.</b> +What is <i>efficacy</i>? <i>efficiency</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Bismarck was the one great figure of all Europe, with more —— for good or evil +than any other human being possessed at that time.</p> + +<p>The soul, in its highest sense, is a vast —— for God.</p> + +<p>I reckon it is an oversight in a great body of metaphysicians that they have been +afraid to ascribe our apprehensions of —— to intuition. In consequence of this +neglect, some never get the idea of ——, but merely of succession, within the bare +limits of experience.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRAISE</b> (<a href="#Page_280">page 280</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>praise</i>? By how many is it given, and how is it expressed? <b>2.</b> What +is <i>applause</i>? by how many given? and how expressed? <b>3.</b> What is <i>acclamation</i>? +How does it differ from <i>applause</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>approbation</i> differ +from <i>praise</i>? <b>5.</b> What does <i>approval</i> add to the meaning of <i>praise</i>? <b>6.</b> How +does <i>compliment</i> compare with <i>praise</i>? <b>7.</b> What is <i>flattery</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">The —— of listening senates to command,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The threats of pain and ruin to despise,<br /></span><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[482]</a></span> +<span class="i0">To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And read their history in a nation's eyes.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— no man e'er deserved who sought no more.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i8">Gladly then he mixed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Among those friendly powers, who him received<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With joy and ——s loud.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRAY</b> (<a href="#Page_281">page 281</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>pray</i> in the religious sense? <b>2.</b> In what lighter and more familiar +sense may <i>pray</i> be used? Is this latter use now common?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Hesiod exhorted the husbandman to —— for a harvest, but to do so with his +hand upon the plow.</p> + +<p>I kneel, and then —— her blessing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRECARIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_282">page 282</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what is the term <i>uncertain</i> applied? <b>2.</b> What did <i>precarious</i> originally signify? +How is it now used, and how does it differ from <i>uncertain</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">... Thou know'st, great son,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The end of war's ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Life seems to be —— in proportion to its value.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRECEDENT</b> (<a href="#Page_282">page 282</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>precedent</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>case</i> fall short of the meaning of <i>precedent</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is an <i>obiter dictum</i>? How does it differ from a <i>precedent</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Where freedom broadens slowly down<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From —— to ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Let us consider the reason of the ——, for nothing is law that is not reason.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PREDESTINATION</b> (<a href="#Page_282">page 282</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>predestination</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>fate</i> differ from <i>predestination</i>? <b>3.</b> +What does <i>necessity</i> signify in the philosophical sense? <b>4.</b> What is <i>foreknowledge</i>? +Does it involve <i>foreordination</i> or <i>predestination</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>For —— has wove the thread of life with pain.</p> + +<p>All high truth is the union of two contradictories. Thus —— and free-will are +opposites; and the truth does not lie between these two, but in a higher reconciling +truth which leaves both true.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[483]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PREJUDICE</b> (<a href="#Page_283">page 283</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>presumption</i>? On what is it founded? <b>2.</b> On what are <i>prejudice</i> and +<i>prepossession</i> based? How do these two words differ from each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>When the judgment's weak, the —— is strong.</p> + +<p>The —— is always in favor of what exists.</p> + +<p>His fine features, manly form, and perfect manners awakened an instant —— in +his favor.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRETENSE</b> (<a href="#Page_283">page 283</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>pretense</i>? How does it differ from a <i>pretext</i>? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>ruse</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The claim of a stronger nation to protect a weaker has commonly been but a —— for +conquest.</p> + +<p>It is not poverty so much as —— that harasses a ruined man—the struggle +between a proud mind and an empty purse.</p> + +<p>The independent English nobility conspired to make an insurrection, and to +support the prince's ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PREVENT</b> (<a href="#Page_284">page 284</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>prevent</i>? <b>2.</b> What word is now commonly +used in that sense? <b>3.</b> What is the meaning of <i>obviate</i>? <i>preclude</i>? <b>4.</b> How +is <i>prevent</i> at present used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The contrary supposition is obviously ——.</p> + +<p>When the Siberian Pacific Railway is finished, what is there to —— Russia +from annexing nearly the whole of China?</p> + +<p>There appears to be no way to —— the difficulty.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PREVIOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_285">page 285</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>antecedent</i> denote? <b>2.</b> How does <i>preceding</i> differ from <i>antecedent</i> +and <i>previous</i>? <b>3.</b> How is <i>anterior</i> commonly used? <i>prior</i>? <b>4.</b> Of what is +<i>former</i> used? What does <i>former</i> always imply?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>These matters have been fully explained in —— chapters of this work.</p> + +<p>The reader will be helped to an understanding of this process by a careful study +of the diagram on the —— page.</p> + +<p>In —— times many things were attributed to witchcraft that now have a scientific +explanation.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[484]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PRICE</b> (<a href="#Page_285">page 285</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the <i>cost</i> of an article? the <i>price</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>cost</i> and <i>price</i> ordinarily +differ? <b>3.</b> In what exceptional case may <i>cost</i> and <i>price</i> agree? <b>4.</b> What +does <i>price</i> always imply? <b>5.</b> What is the meaning of <i>value</i>? How does +market <i>value</i> differ from intrinsic <i>value</i>? <b>6.</b> How does <i>value</i> differ from +<i>worth</i>? <b>7.</b> To what are <i>charge</i> and <i>expense</i> ordinarily applied?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is the life-giving power of anything; ——, the quantity of labor required +to produce it; ——, the quantity of labor which its possessor will take in +exchange for it.</p> + +<p>No man can permanently do business by making the —— of his goods the +same as their —— to him, however such a method may help him momentarily in +an emergency.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRIDE</b> (<a href="#Page_286">page 286</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>pride</i>? <i>haughtiness</i>? <i>arrogance</i>? <i>disdain</i>? How do these qualities compare +with <i>pride</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>superciliousness</i> imply according to its +etymology? <b>3.</b> How do <i>pride</i> and <i>vanity</i> differ? <b>4.</b> What difference is noted +between <i>self-conceit</i> and <i>conceit</i>? <b>5.</b> How do <i>self-respect</i> and <i>self-esteem</i> compare +with each other and with the other words of the group?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— may puff a man up, but never prop him up.</p> + +<p>There is nothing —— can so little bear with as —— itself.</p> + +<p>—— is as ill at ease under indifference, as tenderness is under the love which it +can not return.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRIMEVAL</b> (<a href="#Page_287">page 287</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation and signification of <i>aboriginal</i>? <i>autochthonic</i>? <i>primeval</i>? +<b>2.</b> What do <i>prime</i> and <i>primary</i> denote? What special sense has <i>primary</i> as +in reference to a school? <b>3.</b> How is <i>primordial</i> used? <b>4.</b> What does <i>primitive</i> +suggest, as in the expressions, the <i>primitive</i> church, <i>primitive</i> simplicity? +<b>5.</b> What is <i>pristine</i>? <b>6.</b> How do <i>native</i> and <i>indigenous</i> compare?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Thou from —— nothingness didst call<br /></span> +<span class="i0">First chaos, then existence, Lord.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— inhabitants of America are long since extinct, for even the races whom +the white men conquered had themselves supplanted an earlier race.</p> + +<p>All the later ages have wondered at and admired the whole-souled consecration +of the —— church.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROFIT</b> (<a href="#Page_288">page 288</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What are <i>returns</i> or <i>receipts</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>profit</i> in the commercial sense? What +in the intellectual and moral sense? <b>3.</b> What is <i>utility</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>advantage</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[485]</a></span> +originally signify? Does it now necessarily imply having or gaining +superiority to another person, or securing anything at another's expense? <b>5.</b> +What is <i>gain</i>? <i>benefit</i>? <i>emolument</i>? <b>6.</b> To what does <i>expediency</i> especially +refer?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Silence has many ——s.</p> + +<p>No man can read with —— that which he can not learn to read with pleasure.</p> + +<p>Godliness with contentment is great ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROGRESS</b> (<a href="#Page_289">page 289</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>progress</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>attainment</i>, <i>proficiency</i>, and <i>development</i> imply? +<b>3.</b> What is <i>advance</i>? How does it differ from <i>progress</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>What is thy —— compared with an Alexander's, a Mahomet's, a Napoleon's?</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">And dreams in their —— have breath,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And tears, and tortures, and the touch of joy.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Human —— consists in a continual increase in the number of those who, ceasing +to live by the animal life alone and to feel the pleasures of sense only, come to +participate in the intellectual life also.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROHIBIT</b> (<a href="#Page_290">page 290</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>prohibit</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>forbid</i> compare with <i>prohibit</i>? <b>3.</b> How +does <i>prohibit</i> compare with <i>prevent</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Tho much I want which most would have,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yet still my mind —— to crave.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The laws of England, from the early Plantagenets, sternly —— the conversion +of malt into alcohol, excepting a small portion for medicinal purposes.</p> + +<p>Human law must —— many things that human administration of law can not +absolutely ——; is not this true also of the divine government?</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROMOTE</b> (<a href="#Page_291">page 291</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>promote</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>promote</i> apply? To persons or things, +and in what way?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The outlawed pirate of one year was —— the next to be a governor and his +country's representative.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">The imperial ensign, which full high ——ed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shone like a meteor streaming in the wind.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[486]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PROPITIATION</b> (<a href="#Page_291">page 291</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What did <i>atonement</i> originally denote? What is its present theological and popular +sense? <b>2.</b> What does <i>expiation</i> signify? <i>propitiation</i>? <i>satisfaction</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— has respect to the bearing which satisfaction has upon sin or the sinner. +—— has respect to the effect of satisfaction in removing the judicial displeasure of +God.</p> + +<p>When a man has been guilty of any sin or folly, I think the best —— he can +make is to warn others not to fall into the like.</p> + +<p>Redemption implies the complete deliverance from the penalty, power, and all +the consequences of sin; —— is used in the sense of the sacrificial work, whereby +the redemption from the condemning power of the law was insured.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROPOSAL</b> (<a href="#Page_291">page 291</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does an <i>offer</i> or <i>proposal</i> do? <b>2.</b> What does a <i>proposition</i> set forth? <b>3.</b> +For what is the <i>proposition</i> designed? the <i>proposal</i>? <b>4.</b> In what way does +<i>proposition</i> come to have nearly the sense of <i>proposal</i> in certain uses? <b>5.</b> +What is a <i>bid</i>? <b>6.</b> What does an <i>overture</i> accomplish? In what special application +is the word commonly used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Garrison emphatically declared, "I can not listen to any —— for a gradual abolition +of wickedness."</p> + +<p>The theme in confirmation must always admit of being expressed in a logical ——, +with subject, predicate, and copula.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROPOSE</b> (<a href="#Page_292">page 292</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>propose</i> in its most frequent use differ from <i>purpose</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>propose</i> +used so as to be nearly equivalent to <i>purpose</i>? What important difference +appears in this latter use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>I know, indeed, the evil of that I ——, but my inclination gets the better of my +judgment.</p> + +<p>Man ——s, but God disposes.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROTRACT</b> (<a href="#Page_293">page 293</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>protract</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the significance of <i>defer</i> and <i>delay</i>, and how +do these words differ in usage from <i>protract</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>elongate</i> differ +from <i>protract</i>? <b>4.</b> Is <i>protract</i> ordinarily favorable or unfavorable in sense? +<b>5.</b> Is <i>continue</i> favorable or unfavorable?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[487]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i10">Unseen hands ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The coming of what oft seems close in ken.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Burton, a hypochondriac, wrote the "Anatomy of Melancholy," that marvel of +learning, and —— his life to the age of sixty-four.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PROVERB</b> (<a href="#Page_293">page 293</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what do the <i>proverb</i> and the <i>adage</i> agree? In what respects do they differ? +<b>2.</b> What is an <i>apothegm</i>? an <i>aphorism</i>? How do these two words differ? <b>3.</b> +What is a <i>dictum</i>? a <i>saying</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>precept</i>? How does it differ from +a <i>motto</i> or <i>maxim</i>? <b>5.</b> How do <i>motto</i> and <i>maxim</i> differ from each other?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">The —— must be verified,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That beggars mounted, run their horse to death.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Books, like ——s, receive their chief value from the stamp and esteem of ages +through which they have passed.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PRUDENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_294">page 294</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the definition of <i>prudence</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>providence</i> differ from <i>prudence</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does <i>care</i> compare with <i>prudence</i> and <i>providence</i>? <b>4.</b> How +is <i>frugality</i> related to <i>prudence</i>? <b>5.</b> How do <i>foresight</i> and <i>forethought</i> compare +with each other, and both with <i>providence</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">When desp'rate ills demand a speedy cure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Distrust is cowardice, and —— folly.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>With a —— unknown in other parts of Scotland, the peasantry have in most +places planted orchards around their cottages.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>PURCHASE</b> (<a href="#Page_295">page 295</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what language is <i>purchase</i> derived? <b>2.</b> From what is <i>buy</i> derived? <b>3.</b> +How do <i>buy</i> and <i>purchase</i> agree in meaning? What single definition would +answer for either? <b>4.</b> How do <i>buy</i> and <i>purchase</i> differ in use? Give instances.</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i2">I'll give thee England's treasure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Enough to —— such another island,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So thou wilt make me live.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">'Tis gold which ——s admittance.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 13em;"> +<span class="i0">—— the truth, and sell it not.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[488]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>PURE</b> (<a href="#Page_296">page 296</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>pure</i> signify? <b>2.</b> In what sense are material substances said to be +<i>pure</i>? <b>3.</b> What does <i>pure</i> denote in moral and religious use? <b>4.</b> How does +<i>pure</i> compare with <i>innocent</i>? with <i>virtuous</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Water from melted snow is ——r than rain-water, as it descends through the air +in a solid form, incapable of absorbing atmospheric gases.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Stone walls do not a prison make,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Nor iron bars a cage;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Minds —— and quiet take<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That for a hermitage.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In every place incense shall be offered unto my name and a —— offering, saith +the Lord of hosts.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>QUEER</b> (<a href="#Page_297">page 297</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>odd</i>? <i>singular</i>? Are <i>odd</i> and <i>singular</i> precise equivalents? +<b>2.</b> When is a thing called <i>strange</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the primary meaning +of <i>peculiar</i>? With what implication is it now commonly used? <b>4.</b> What +is the meaning of <i>eccentric</i>? How does it differ in use from <i>odd</i> or <i>queer</i>? <b>5.</b> +How does <i>erratic</i> compare with <i>eccentric</i>? <b>6.</b> What is the primary meaning +of <i>queer</i>? its common meaning? <b>7.</b> What is the significance of <i>quaint</i>? +<i>grotesque</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A ——, shy man was this pastor—a sort of living mummy, dried up and +bleached by Icelandic snows.</p> + +<p>In setting a hen, says Grose, the good women hold it an indispensable rule to put +an —— number of eggs.</p> + +<p>Only a man of undoubted genius can afford to be ——.</p> + +<p>The —— architecture of these medieval towns has a strange fascination.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>QUICKEN</b> (<a href="#Page_297">page 297</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>accelerate</i>? to <i>despatch</i>? <b>2.</b> What does the verb <i>speed</i> signify? +<i>hasten</i>? <i>hurry</i>? What does <i>hurry</i> suggest in addition to the meaning of +<i>hasten</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The motion of a falling body is continually ——ed.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">The muster-place is Lanrick mead!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— forth the signal! Norman, ——!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The pulsations of the heart are ——ed by exertion.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>QUOTE</b> (<a href="#Page_298">page 298</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>cite</i> differ from <i>quote</i>? <b>2.</b> What is it to <i>paraphrase</i>? to <i>plagiarize</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_489" id="Page_489">[489]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A great man —— bravely, and will not draw on his invention when his memory +serves him with a word as good.</p> + +<p>The Devil can —— Scripture for his purpose.</p> + +<p>To appropriate others' thoughts or words mechanically and without credit is +to ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RACY</b> (<a href="#Page_299">page 299</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>racy</i> in the first instance refer? <i>pungent</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>piquant</i> +differ from <i>pungent</i>? <b>3.</b> How are these words and the word <i>spicy</i> used in +reference to literary products?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Pure mother English, —— and fresh with idiomatic graces.</p> + +<p>The atmosphere was strangely impregnated with the —— odor of burning peat.</p> + +<p>The spruce, the cedar, and the juniper, with their balsamic breath, filled the +air with a —— fragrance.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RADICAL</b> (<a href="#Page_299">page 299</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>radical</i>? <b>2.</b> What contrasted senses are derived +from this primary meaning?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Timidity is a —— defect in a reformer.</p> + +<p>Social and political leaders look to vested interests, and hence are inclined to +regard all —— measures as ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RARE</b> (<a href="#Page_300">page 300</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>unique</i>? Can any one of a number of things of the same +kind be <i>unique</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>rare</i>? What added sense +is often blended with this primary meaning? <b>3.</b> Is <i>extraordinary</i> favorable +or unfavorable in meaning?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Nothing is so —— as time.</p> + +<p>That which gives to the Jews their —— position among the nations is what we +are accustomed to regard as their sacred history.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">And what is so —— as a day in June?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then, if ever, come perfect days.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REACH</b> (<a href="#Page_300">page 300</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>reach</i> in the sense here considered? <b>2.</b> What is it to <i>arrive</i>? +<b>3.</b> What does <i>attain</i> add to the meaning of <i>arrive</i>? What does <i>gain</i> add?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[490]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 14em;"> +<span class="i0">And grasping down the boughs<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I ——ed the shore.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He gathered the ripe nuts in the fall,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And berries that grew by fence and wall<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So high she could not —— them at all.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">The heights by great men ——ed and kept<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Were not ——ed by sudden flight,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But they, while their companions slept,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Were toiling upward in the night.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It is only in this way that we can hope to —— at truth.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REAL</b> (<a href="#Page_301">page 301</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>real</i> derived? What does it mean? <b>2.</b> From what is the <i>real</i> distinguished? +<b>3.</b> To what is <i>actual</i> opposed? <b>4.</b> What shades of difference +may be pointed out between the four words <i>actual</i>, <i>real</i>, <i>developed</i>, and +<i>positive</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In —— life we do not die when all that makes life bright dies to us.</p> + +<p>If there was any trouble, —— or impending, affecting those she had served, her +place was with them.</p> + +<p>This was regarded as proof —— of conspiracy.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REASON</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_302">page 302</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>reason</i> about a matter? <b>2.</b> From what is <i>argue</i> derived, and what +does it mean? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>demonstrate</i>? to <i>prove</i>? How do these two +words agree and differ?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There are two ways of reaching truth: by ——ing it out and by feeling it out.</p></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">In ——ing, too, the person owned his skill,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For e'en tho vanquished, he could —— still.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A matter of fact may be ——ed by adequate evidence; only a mathematical +proposition can be ——ed.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REASON</b>, <i>n.</i> (<a href="#Page_302">page 302</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>cause</i> differ from <i>reason</i> in the strict sense of each of the two words? +<b>2.</b> How is <i>reason</i> often used so as to be a partial equivalent of <i>cause</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>No one is at liberty to speak ill of another without a justifiable ——, even tho +he knows he is speaking truth.</p> + +<p>I am not only witty myself, but the —— that wit is in other men.</p> + +<p>Necessity is the —— of tyrants; it is the creed of slaves.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Alas! how light a —— may move<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dissension between hearts that love!<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[491]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>REASONING</b> (<a href="#Page_303">page 303</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do <i>argumentation</i> and <i>debate</i> ordinarily imply? <b>2.</b> How does <i>reasoning</i> +differ from both the above words in this respect? <b>3.</b> To what kind of <i>reasoning</i> +were <i>argument</i> and <i>argumentation</i> formerly restricted? How widely are +the words now applied? <b>4.</b> How do <i>argument</i> and <i>argumentation</i> compare +with <i>reasoning</i> as regards logical form?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>All ——, Inductive or Deductive, is a reaching of the unknown through the +known; and where nothing unknown is reached there is no ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Early at Bus'ness, and at Hazard late,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mad at a fox-chase, wise at a ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If thou continuest to take delight in idle ——, thou mayest be qualified to combat +with the sophists, but never know how to live with men.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REFINEMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_305">page 305</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what does <i>civilization</i> apply, and what does it denote? <b>2.</b> What is <i>refinement</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is the primary meaning of <i>cultivation</i>? the derived meaning? +<b>4.</b> By what word is <i>cultivation</i> now largely superseded? <b>5.</b> What does <i>culture</i> +denote?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>What is ——? It is the humanization of man in society, the satisfaction for +him in society of the true law of human nature.</p> + +<p>Giving up wrong pleasure is not self-sacrifice, but self-——.</p> + +<p>This refined taste is the consequence of education and habit; we are born only +with a capacity of entertaining this ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RELIABLE</b> (<a href="#Page_306">page 306</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is to be said of the controversy regarding the formation and use of the word +<i>reliable</i>? <b>2.</b> What do <i>trusty</i> and <i>trustworthy</i> denote? <b>3.</b> How does <i>reliable</i> +compare with these words? <b>4.</b> What meaning may <i>reliable</i> convey that <i>trusty</i> +and <i>trustworthy</i> would not?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Good lack! quoth he, yet bring it me<br /></span> +<span class="i0">My leathern belt likewise,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In which I bear my —— sword,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When I do exercise.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The first voyage to America, of which we have any perfectly —— account, was +performed by the Norsemen.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RELIGION</b> (<a href="#Page_307">page 307</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original sense of <i>piety</i>? the derived sense? <b>2.</b> What is <i>religion</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[492]</a></span> +What does it include? <b>3.</b> What is <i>worship</i>? <i>devotion</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>morality</i>? +<i>godliness</i>? <i>holiness</i>? <b>5.</b> How is <i>theology</i> related to <i>religion</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is man's belief in a being or beings, mightier than himself and inaccessible +to his senses, but not indifferent to his sentiments and actions, with the feelings and +practises which flow from such belief.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i4">——, whose soul sincere<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fears God, and knows no other fear.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>To deny the freedom of the will is to make —— impossible.</p> + +<p>Systematic —— may be defined as the substance of the Christian faith in a +scientific form.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REND</b> (<a href="#Page_309">page 309</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what are <i>rend</i> and <i>tear</i> usually applied? Which is the stronger word? <b>2.</b> +In what connection is <i>rive</i> used, and in what sense? <b>3.</b> What does <i>lacerate</i> +signify? <b>4.</b> How does <i>mangle</i> compare with <i>lacerate</i>? <b>5.</b> What do <i>burst</i> +and <i>rupture</i> signify? Which is the stronger word? When is a steam-boiler +said to be <i>ruptured</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>rip</i> signify?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Storms do not —— the sail that is furled.</p> + +<p>Oh, it offends me to the soul to hear a robustious, periwig-pated fellow —— a +passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings.</p> + +<p>And now a bubble ——s, and now a world.</p> + +<p>The first blood shed in the revolutionary struggle; a mere drop in amount, but +a deluge in its effects, ——ing the colonies forever from the mother country.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RENOUNCE</b> (<a href="#Page_309">page 309</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>renounce</i> derived, and in what sense used? <i>recant</i>? <i>retract</i>? <b>2.</b> +What is it to <i>discard</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>revoke</i> compare with <i>recall</i> in original +meaning and in present use? <b>4.</b> What is the derivation and the distinctive +meaning of <i>abjure</i>? <b>5.</b> In what sense is <i>repudiate</i> used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>On his knees, with his hand on the Bible, Galileo was compelled to —— and +curse the doctrine of the movement of the earth.</p> + +<p>He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of suicide, —— earth to +forfeit heaven.</p> + +<p>He had no spiritual adviser, no human comforter, and was entirely in the hands +of those who were determined that he should —— or die.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REPENTANCE</b> (<a href="#Page_310">page 310</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>regret</i>? <b>2.</b> What does <i>penitence</i> add to <i>regret</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>repentance</i> +surpass the meaning of <i>penitence</i>, <i>regret</i>, <i>sorrow</i>, etc.? <b>4.</b> What is <i>compunction</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[493]</a></span> +<i>contrition</i>? <b>5.</b> What is <i>remorse</i>, and how does it compare with +<i>repentance</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i4">What then? what rests?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Try what —— can: what can it not?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">Forgive me, Valentine, if hearty ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Be a sufficient ransom for offense,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I tender't here.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">So writhes the mind —— has riven,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Unmeet for earth, undoomed to heaven,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Darkness above, despair beneath,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Around it flame, within it death.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REPROOF</b> (<a href="#Page_311">page 311</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Are <i>blame</i>, <i>censure</i>, and <i>disapproval</i> spoken or silent? <b>2.</b> Are <i>comment</i>, <i>criticism</i>, +<i>rebuke</i>, <i>reflection</i>, <i>reprehension</i>, and <i>reproof</i> expressed or not? <b>3.</b> How +of <i>admonition</i> and <i>animadversion</i>? <b>4.</b> Are <i>comment</i> and <i>criticism</i> favorable +or unfavorable? Do they imply superiority on the part of commentator or +critic? <b>5.</b> Do <i>reflection</i> and <i>reprehension</i> imply such superiority? How +are these two words discriminated? <b>6.</b> What does <i>rebuke</i> literally signify? +To what kind of person is a <i>rebuke</i> administered? <b>7.</b> To what kind of person +is <i>reproof</i> administered? <b>8.</b> What do <i>rebuke</i> and <i>reproof</i> imply on the part of +him who administers them? <b>9.</b> What is <i>animadversion</i>? <i>admonition</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— is intolerable when it is administered out of pride or hatred.</p> + +<p>The best preservative to keep the mind in health is the faithful —— of a friend.</p> + +<p>Open —— is better than secret love.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REPROVE</b> (<a href="#Page_312">page 312</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>censure</i>? to <i>reprove</i>? to <i>reprimand</i> <b>2.</b> How does <i>admonish</i> compare +with the other words in the group? Is its reference to the past or to the +future? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>reproach</i>? Does this word imply authority or superiority? +<b>4.</b> What is the force of <i>expostulate</i> and <i>remonstrate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He that oppresseth the poor ——eth his Maker.</p> + +<p>Her answer ——ed me; for she said, "I never ask their crimes, for we have all +come short."</p> + +<p>Moses was ——ed of God when he was about to make the tabernacle: for, +see, saith he, that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the +mount.</p> + +<p>This witness is true. Therefore —— them sharply, that they may be sound in +the faith.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[494]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>REST</b> (<a href="#Page_313">page 313</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>ease</i>? <i>quiet</i>? <i>rest</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>recreation</i>, and how is it related to <i>rest</i>? +<b>3.</b> What is <i>repose</i> in the primary, and what in the derived, sense? <b>4.</b> How +does <i>repose</i> compare with <i>rest</i>? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>pause</i>? <b>6.</b> How does <i>sleep</i> compare +with <i>repose</i> and <i>rest</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">Seek out, less often sought than found,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">A soldier's grave—for thee the best;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then look around, and choose thy ground,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And take thy ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Her manners had not that ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That stamps the cast of Vere de Vere.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Shall I not take mine —— in mine inn?<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RESTRAIN</b> (<a href="#Page_315">page 315</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>restrain</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>constrain</i> differ from <i>restrain</i>? <b>3.</b> How +does <i>restrain</i> differ from <i>restrict</i>? <b>4.</b> How does <i>repress</i> compare with <i>restrain</i>? +<i>suppress</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The English Puritans, ——ed at home, fled for freedom to America.</p> + +<p>In no political system is it so necessary to —— the powers of the government +as in a democratic state.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REVENGE</b> (<a href="#Page_316">page 316</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>revenge</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>retaliation</i> compare with <i>revenge</i>? <b>3.</b> What +did <i>vengeance</i> formerly mean, and what does it now imply? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>requital</i>? +<b>5.</b> How do <i>avenging</i> and <i>retribution</i> differ from <i>retaliation</i>, <i>revenge</i>, +and <i>vengeance</i>? <b>6.</b> What difference may be noted between <i>avenging</i> and +<i>retribution</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>According to the wish of Sulla himself, ... his monument was erected in the +Campus Martius, bearing an inscription composed by himself: "No friend ever did +me a kindness, no enemy a wrong, without receiving full ——."</p> + +<p>By the spirit of ——, as we sometimes express it, we generally understand a +disposition, not merely to return suffering for suffering, but to inflict a degree of pain +on the person who is supposed to have injured us, beyond what strict justice requires.</p> + +<p>In all great religions we find one God, and in all, personal immortality with ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REVOLUTION</b> (<a href="#Page_317">page 317</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential idea of <i>revolution</i>? <b>2.</b> Does a <i>revolution</i> necessarily involve +war? <b>3.</b> What is <i>anarchy</i>? <i>insubordination</i>? <i>sedition</i>? <i>revolt</i>? <i>rebellion</i>? +<b>4.</b> How does <i>rebellion</i> differ from <i>revolution</i>? <b>5.</b> By what class of +persons is <i>insurrection</i> made? <i>mutiny</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495">[495]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>——s are not made; they come.</p> + +<p>—— to tyrants is obedience to God.</p> + +<p>Since government is of God, —— must be contrary to his will.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>REVOLVE</b> (<a href="#Page_318">page 318</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is a body said to <i>roll</i>? to <i>rotate</i>? to <i>revolve</i>? <b>2.</b> In what sense may the +earth be said to <i>revolve</i>? and in what sense to <i>rotate</i>? <b>3.</b> What are some of +the extended uses of <i>roll</i>? <b>4.</b> What kind of a word is <i>turn</i>, and what is its +meaning?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Any bright star close by the pole is seen to —— in a very small circle whose +center is the pole itself.</p> + +<p>The sun ——s on an axis in the same direction in which the planets —— in +their orbits.</p> + +<p>Human nature can never rest; once in motion it ——s like the stone of Sisyphus +every instant when the resisting force is suspended.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RIGHT</b> (<a href="#Page_319">page 319</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>right</i>? Is it general or special? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>privilege</i>? an <i>exemption</i>? +an <i>immunity</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>franchise</i>? a <i>prerogative</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Friendship gives no —— to make ourselves disagreeable.</p> + +<p>All men are created equal, and endowed with certain inalienable ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>RUSTIC</b> (<a href="#Page_321">page 321</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what are <i>rural</i> and <i>rustic</i> alike derived? How do the two words agree in +general signification? How are they discriminated in use? <b>2.</b> What is the +meaning of <i>pastoral</i>? of <i>bucolic</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">How still the morning of the hallowed day!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mute is the voice of —— labor, hush'd<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The plowboy's whistle and the milkmaid's song.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">The —— arbor which the summit crowned<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Was woven of shining smilax, trumpet-vine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Clematis, and the wild white eglantine.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>When hunting tribes begin to domesticate animals, they enter usually upon the —— stage.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SACRAMENT</b> (<a href="#Page_321">page 321</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a religious <i>service</i> in the extended sense? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>sacrament</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496">[496]</a></span> +<b>3.</b> What is an <i>observance</i>? an <i>ordinance</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>sacrament</i> and <i>ordinance</i> +differ? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>rite</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Religion will glide by degrees out of the mind unless it be invigorated and reimpressed +by external ——s.</p> + +<p>Nothing tends more to unite men's hearts than joining together in the same +prayers and ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SALE</b> (<a href="#Page_323">page 323</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>change</i> or <i>exchange</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>barter</i>? <i>sale</i>? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>bargain</i> +in the strict sense? <b>4.</b> What is <i>trade</i> in the broad and in the limited sense?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">Honor sits smiling at the —— of truth.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">I'll give thrice as much land to any well-deserving friend,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But in the way of ——, mark ye me,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 20em;"> +<span class="i0">Stamps God's own name upon a lie just made<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To coin a penny in the way of ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SAMPLE</b> (<a href="#Page_323">page 323</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>sample</i>? a <i>specimen</i>? <b>2.</b> How do <i>sample</i> and <i>specimen</i> compare as +indications of the quality of that which they respectively represent?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There is, therefore, in this country, an implied warranty that the goods correspond +to the ——.</p> + +<p>Curzola is a perfect —— of a Venetian town.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SCHOLAR</b> (<a href="#Page_324">page 324</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the primary sense of <i>scholar</i>? the derived sense? <b>2.</b> What does <i>pupil</i> +signify? How is it technically used in educational work? <b>3.</b> In what sense is +<i>student</i> employed?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The accent or turn of expression of a single sentence will at once mark a ——.</p> + +<p>The State of New York supplies all needed text-books free of charge to the ——s +in the public schools.</p> + +<p>The ——s in American colleges have taken up athletics with intense enthusiasm.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SCIENCE</b> (<a href="#Page_325">page 325</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>science</i> compare with <i>knowledge</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>art</i> compare with <i>science</i>? +<b>3.</b> What two senses of <i>art</i> must be discriminated from each other? <b>4.</b> In<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[497]</a></span> +which sense is <i>art</i> a system of rules? 5. In which sense does <i>art</i> transcend +rule?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Beethoven took his —— as seriously as a saint and martyr takes his religion.</p> + +<p>Modern —— may be regarded as one vast miracle, whether we view it in +relation to the Almighty Being, by whom its objects and its laws were formed, or +to the feeble intellect of man, by which its depths have been sounded, and its +mysteries explored.</p> + +<p>Printing has been aptly termed the —— preservative of all other ——s.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SECURITY</b> (<a href="#Page_326">page 326</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Of what kind of value or property must an <i>earnest</i> consist? <b>2.</b> How do <i>pledge</i> +and <i>security</i> differ from <i>earnest</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>security</i> differ from <i>pledge</i>? +<b>4.</b> What is <i>bail</i>? <i>gage</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— for a national or state debt is the honesty of its people.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i0">The surest —— of a deathless name<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is the silent homage of thoughts unspoken.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i0">And for an —— of a greater honor,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SENSATION</b> (<a href="#Page_328">page 328</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>sensation</i>? a <i>perception</i>? <b>2.</b> How does an <i>emotion</i> differ from a <i>sensation</i>? +<b>3.</b> How does the popular term <i>feeling</i> compare with <i>sensation</i> and +<i>emotion</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>sense</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>But ——, in the technical and limited sense of the term, is appropriated to +the knowledge of material objects, and of the external world. This knowledge is +gained or acquired by means of the ——s, and hence, to be more exact, we call it +sensible ——, or, more briefly, sense ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i10">——s sweet,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SENSIBILITY</b> (<a href="#Page_328">page 328</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>sensibility</i> in the philosophical sense? in popular use? <b>2.</b> What does +<i>sensitiveness</i> denote? <b>3.</b> What is <i>susceptibility</i>? How does it compare with +<i>sensitiveness</i>? <b>4.</b> How are <i>susceptibility</i> and <i>sensitiveness</i> discriminated in +physics?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The —— of the external surface of the body is a special endowment adapted to +the elements around and calculated to protect the interior parts from injury.</p> + +<p>—— to pleasure is of necessity also —— to pain.</p> + +<p>Every mind is in a peculiar state of —— to certain impressions.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_498" id="Page_498">[498]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>SEVERE</b> (<a href="#Page_329">page 329</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>severe</i>? <i>rigid</i>? <i>strict</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>rigorous</i> compare with <i>rigid</i>? <b>3.</b> +What does <i>austere</i> signify? What element is always found in an <i>austere</i> +character?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In mathematics we arrive at certitude by —— demonstration.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">He who the sword of heaven will bear<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Should be as holy as ——.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— law is often —— injustice.</p> + +<p>By —— adherence to truth in official dealing with the natives, the English +have come to be always believed in India.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SHELTER</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_331">page 331</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is anything said to be <i>covered</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>shelter</i> compare with <i>cover</i>? +<b>3.</b> What does <i>defend</i> signify? <b>4.</b> What does <i>guard</i> imply? <b>5.</b> How does +<i>protect</i> surpass <i>guard</i> and <i>defend</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>shield</i> signify? How does +it compare with <i>guard</i> or <i>defend</i>? <b>7.</b> In what sense is the verb <i>harbor</i> commonly +used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>He that ——eth his sins shall not prosper, but he that forsaketh them shall find +mercy.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Thou who trod'st the billowy sea,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— us in our jeopardy!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 11em;"> +<span class="i0">In youth it ——ed me,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I'll protect it now.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SIN</b> (<a href="#Page_332">page 332</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>sin</i>? <b>2.</b> How is <i>transgression</i> discriminated from <i>sin</i> in the general +sense? <b>3.</b> What is <i>crime</i>? <i>guilt</i>? <i>depravity</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i12">Commit<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The oldest ——s the newest kind of ways.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is not punished as an offense against God, but as prejudicial to society.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i0">How —— once harbored in the conscious breast,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Intimidates the brave, degrades the great.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SKETCH</b> (<a href="#Page_334">page 334</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>sketch</i>? How does it compare with <i>outline</i>? <b>2.</b> In what special connection +are <i>draft</i> and <i>plan</i> used? <b>3.</b> How does a mechanical <i>drawing</i> differ +from a <i>draft</i>? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>design</i>? How does it exceed the meaning of +<i>drawing</i>? <b>5.</b> What is an <i>outline</i> in written composition? How does a <i>sketch</i><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_499" id="Page_499">[499]</a></span> +in this sense compare with an <i>outline</i>? <b>6.</b> What is an <i>outline</i> of a sermon +technically called? <b>7.</b> What is a lawyer's <i>brief</i>? How does it compare with +an <i>outline</i> or <i>sketch</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A —— that is without vigor, and in which the anatomy has not been defined, +is a bad foundation for a good picture.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 16em;"> +<span class="i0">A little model the master wrought,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which should be to the larger ——<br /></span> +<span class="i0">What the child is to the man.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SKILFUL</b> (<a href="#Page_335">page 335</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What does <i>skilful</i> signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>dexterous</i> compare with <i>skilful</i>? <b>3.</b> +How does a <i>skilled</i> compare with a <i>skilful</i> workman?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">So —— seamen ken the land from far,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which shows like mists to the dull passenger.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Thousands of —— workmen are thrown into enforced idleness by the strikes +and lockouts of every year.</p> + +<p>Much that has been received as the work of disembodied spirits has been but the —— sleight +of hand of spirits embodied.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SLANDER</b> (<a href="#Page_336">page 336</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>slander</i>? to <i>defame</i>? to <i>libel</i>? <b>2.</b> When is <i>defame</i> equivalent to +<i>slander</i>? When is it equivalent to <i>libel</i>? <b>3.</b> What is it to <i>asperse</i>? to <i>malign</i>? +to <i>traduce</i>? to <i>disparage</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>slander</i> and <i>libel</i> differ in legal +signification from the other words? <b>5.</b> Which words of the group apply to +open attack in one's presence, and which to attack in his absence?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 18em;"> +<span class="i4">——ed to death by villains<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That dare as well answer a man, indeed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As I dare take a serpent by the tongue.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If the Scriptures seem to —— knowledge, it is the knowledge that despises +virtue.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Challenging each recreant doubter<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who ——ed her spotless name.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SLANG</b> (<a href="#Page_336">page 336</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>colloquialism</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>slang</i> in the primary and ordinary sense? in +special senses? <b>3.</b> What is a <i>vulgarism</i>? <b>4.</b> What is <i>cant</i> in the sense here +considered?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_500" id="Page_500">[500]</a></span></p><div class="bq2"><p>There is a —— bred of vileness that is never redeemed; there is also a —— that +is the vigorous utterance of uncultured wit, that fills a gap in the language and +mounts ultimately to the highest places.</p> + +<p>A —— is worse than ——, because it bears the ineffaceable stamp of ignorance.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SOCIALISM</b> (<a href="#Page_338">page 338</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>socialism</i>? What term do many of its advocates prefer? <b>2.</b> What is +<i>communism</i>? <i>anarchism</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— in its full sense means the abolition of inheritance, the abolition of the family, +the abolition of nationalities, the abolition of religion, the abolition of property.</p> + +<p>——, in some modified form, is steadily making its way among thinking men +under the guise of cooperation.</p> + +<p>—— is the offspring of sore hearts and shallow brains. It is the wisdom of +the man who burned down his house because his chimney smoked.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SPONTANEOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_340">page 340</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> When is anything properly said to be <i>spontaneous</i>? <i>voluntary</i>? <i>involuntary</i>? +<b>2.</b> How do <i>voluntary</i> and <i>involuntary</i> compare with each other? both with +<i>spontaneous</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is opposed to reflective. Those operations of mind which are continually +going on without any effort or intention on our part are <i>spontaneous</i>.</p> + +<p>No action that is not —— has any merit.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SPY</b> (<a href="#Page_340">page 340</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what are the <i>spy</i> and the <i>scout</i> alike? <b>2.</b> In what do they differ? <b>3.</b> What +are their respective rights in case of capture? <b>4.</b> What is an <i>emissary</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>A daring —— of General Stuart made his way to my quarters, and informed +me that General Imboden had planned an attack upon the town.</p> + +<p>I had grown uneasy in regard to the disjointed situation of our army and, to inform +myself of what was going on, determined to send a —— into the enemy's lines.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>STATE</b>, <i>v.</i> (<a href="#Page_341">page 341</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>state</i> derived? What does it mean? <b>2.</b> What is the significance +of <i>assert</i>? What element is prominent in this word? <b>3.</b> What is the relative +force of <i>affirm</i> and <i>assert</i>? <i>asseverate</i>? <i>aver</i>? <i>assure</i>? <b>4.</b> What does <i>affirm</i> +signify in legal use, and how does it differ from <i>swear</i>? <b>5.</b> What is it to +<i>certify</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>vindicate</i> signify?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_501" id="Page_501">[501]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The first condition of intelligent debate is that the question be clearly ——ed.</p> + +<p>We —— that the sciences dispose themselves round two great axes of thought, +parallel and not unrelated, yet distinct—the natural sciences held together by the +one, the moral by the other.</p> + +<p>It is impossible for the mind to —— anything of that of which it knows +nothing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>STORM</b> (<a href="#Page_343">page 343</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the essential meaning of <i>storm</i>? <b>2.</b> What is a <i>tempest</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">The —— is hard at hand will sweep away<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thrones, churches, ranks, traditions, customs, marriage.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Were any considerable mass of air to be suddenly transferred from beyond the +tropics to the equator, the difference of the rotatory velocity proper to the two situations +would be so great as to produce not merely a wind, but a —— of the most +destructive violence.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>STORY</b> (<a href="#Page_343">page 343</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>story</i>? Is it true or false? <b>2.</b> What is an <i>anecdote</i>? a <i>narrative</i> or +<i>narration</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>There are ——, common to the different branches of the Aryan stock.... They +are ancient Aryan ——, ... older than the Odyssey, older than the dispersion of +the Aryan race.</p> + +<p>——s are relations of detached, interesting particulars.</p> + +<p>Fairy ——s have for children an inexhaustible charm.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SUBJECTIVE</b> (<a href="#Page_345">page 345</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>subjective</i>? of <i>objective</i>? <b>2.</b> How are these words illustrated +in the case of a mountain? <b>3.</b> What matters are purely <i>subjective</i>? <b>4.</b> +What matters are purely <i>objective</i>? <b>5.</b> What is meant by saying that an author +has a <i>subjective</i> or an <i>objective</i> style?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Subject therefore, denotes the mind itself; and ——, that which belongs to, or +proceeds from, the thinking subject. Object is a term for that about which the knowing +subject is conversant, ... while —— means that which belongs to, or proceeds +from, the object known, and not from the subject knowing; and thus denotes what +is real, in opposition to what is ideal,—what exists in nature, in contrast to what +exists merely in the thought of the individual.</p></div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[502]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>SUGGESTION</b> (<a href="#Page_347">page 347</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> In what way does a <i>suggestion</i> bring a matter before the mind? <b>2.</b> What is an +<i>intimation</i>? a <i>hint</i>? <b>3.</b> What are the special characteristics of <i>insinuation</i> +and <i>innuendo</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">Behold in the bloom of apples,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And the violets in the sward,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A —— of the old, lost beauty<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Of the garden of the Lord!<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Time is truly the comforter, at once lessening the tendency to —— of images +of sorrow, and softening that very sorrow when the images arise.</p> + +<p>An —— is cowardly because it can seldom be directly answered, and the one +who makes it can always retreat behind an assumed misconstruction of his words; +but the —— is the stab in the back, sneaking as it is malicious.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SUPERNATURAL</b> (<a href="#Page_347">page 347</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the original meaning of <i>supernatural</i>? of <i>preternatural</i>? <b>2.</b> What is +commonly implied in the use of <i>preternatural</i>? <b>3.</b> In what sense do some hold +a miracle to be <i>supernatural</i>? What descriptive term would others prefer? +<b>4.</b> What is the meaning of <i>superhuman</i>? In what secondary sense is it often +used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>It was something altogether ——, as when God said, 'Let there be light,' and +there was light.</p> + +<p>With an imagination of intense vividness and —— activity, Choate was as practical +as the most sordid capitalist that ever became an "incarnation of fat dividends."</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SUPPORT</b> (<a href="#Page_348">page 348</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What do <i>support</i> and <i>sustain</i> alike signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>sustain</i> surpass <i>support</i> +in meaning and force? <b>3.</b> What is the force and use of <i>bear</i> in this connection? +<b>4.</b> What is it to <i>maintain</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>maintain</i> compare with +<i>support</i> as to fulness and as to dignity? <b>6.</b> What is it to <i>prop</i>? What is the +limit upon the meaning of this word?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>And Cain said, My punishment is great than I can ——.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 22em;"> +<span class="i2">You take my house when you do take the prop<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That doth —— my house.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 21em;"> +<span class="i8">Can a soul like mine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Unus'd to power, and form'd for humbler scenes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">—— the splendid miseries of greatness?<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 15em;"> +<span class="i0">While less expert, tho stronger far,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Gael ——ed unequal war.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_503" id="Page_503">[503]</a></span></p> + +<h3><b>SUPPOSE</b> (<a href="#Page_348">page 348</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>suppose</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>conjecture</i> differ from <i>suppose</i>? <b>3.</b> What +does <i>think</i> signify in the sense here considered? How does it compare with +<i>conjecture</i> or <i>suppose</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Newton ——ed that if the earth were to be so compressed as to be absolutely +without pores, its dimensions might not exceed a cubic inch.</p> + +<p>Let it not be ——ed that principles and opinions always go together.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SYNONYMOUS</b> (<a href="#Page_349">page 349</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Are there any <i>synonymous</i> words in the strict sense of the term? <b>2.</b> What is +meant by <i>synonymous</i> words? <b>3.</b> What are the two common faults with reference +to <i>synonymous</i> words or <i>synonyms</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The great source of a loose style is the injudicious use of those words termed ——.</p> + +<p>To raise, with fitting observances, over the ruins of the historic fortress [Sumter] +the —— flag which had waved over it during its first bombardment.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>SYSTEM</b> (<a href="#Page_350">page 350</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>order</i>, in the sense here considered? <b>2.</b> What does <i>method</i> denote? +<b>3.</b> What is a <i>system</i>? <b>4.</b> To what does <i>manner</i> refer? <b>5.</b> To what does +<i>regularity</i> apply? <b>6.</b> Can there be <i>order</i> without <i>regularity</i> or <i>regularity</i> +without <i>order</i>, and how?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>If this be madness, there is —— in it.</p> + +<p>A —— is ... an organized body of truth, or truths arranged under one and the +same idea, which idea is as the life or soul which assimilates all those truths.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TEACH</b> (<a href="#Page_353">page 353</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is it to <i>teach</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>instruct</i> surpass <i>teach</i> in signification? <b>3.</b> +What secondary sense has <i>instruct</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the full meaning of <i>educate</i>? +<b>5.</b> What is it to <i>train</i>? <b>6.</b> To what is <i>train</i> commonly applied where <i>educate</i> +could not well be used? <b>7.</b> What is it to <i>discipline</i>? <b>8.</b> What does <i>nurture</i> +signify, and how does it compare with <i>educate</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Plato returned to Athens and began to ——; like his master, he —— without +money and without price.</p> + +<p>For the most effective mechanical work both mind and hand must be ——ed in +childhood.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_504" id="Page_504">[504]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Highlanders flocking to him from all quarters, though ill-armed, and worse ——ed, +made him undervalue any enemy who, he thought, was yet to encounter +him.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TERM</b> (<a href="#Page_354">page 354</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the literal meaning of <i>term</i>? <b>2.</b> Is this meaning retained in the figurative +uses of the word? <b>3.</b> What are the <i>articles</i> of a contract? the <i>terms</i> of a +contract? <b>4.</b> What is a <i>condition</i>? <b>5.</b> What is a <i>term</i> in the logical sense? +<b>6.</b> How does <i>term</i> in ordinary use compare with <i>word</i>, <i>expression</i>, or <i>phrase</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<span class="i0">For beauty's acme hath a —— as brief<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As the wave's poise before it break in pearl.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="bq2"><p>But what are these moral sermons [of Seneca]? ——s, nothing but ——s.</p> + +<p>The very —— miser is a confession of the misery which attends avarice.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TERSE</b> (<a href="#Page_354">page 354</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>short</i> or <i>brief</i>? <b>2.</b> What is the derivation and meaning +of <i>concise</i>? of <i>condensed</i>? of <i>compendious</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the derivation and +meaning of <i>succinct</i>? of <i>terse</i>? <b>4.</b> What is the force of <i>summary</i>? <b>5.</b> What +is a <i>sententious</i> style? a <i>pithy</i> utterance?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>With all his lucidity of statement, Hamilton was not always ——.</p> + +<p>In most cases it will be found that the Victorian idiom is clearer, but less —— than +the corresponding Elizabethan idiom which it has supplanted.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TESTIMONY</b> (<a href="#Page_355">page 355</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>testimony</i>? <b>2.</b> How does it compare with <i>evidence</i>? <b>3.</b> How does a +<i>deposition</i> differ from an <i>affidavit</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The word ——, in legal acceptation, includes all the means by which any +alleged matter of fact, the truth of which is submitted to us for investigation, is +established or disproved.</p> + +<p>As to the fruits of Sodom, fair without, full of ashes within, I saw nothing of +them, tho from the —— we have, something of this kind has been produced.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TIME</b> (<a href="#Page_356">page 356</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> To what do <i>sequence</i> and <i>succession</i> apply? <b>2.</b> What does <i>time</i> denote? How +is it conceived of with reference to events? <b>3.</b> How do <i>duration</i> and <i>succession</i> +compare with <i>time</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[505]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Every event remembered is remembered as having happened in —— past. +This gives us the idea in the concrete.... We can now, by a process of abstraction, +separate the —— from the event, and we have the abstract idea of <i>time</i>.</p> + +<p>The —— of each earthquake is measured generally only by seconds, or even +parts of a second.</p> + +<p>It has been conjectured that our idea of —— is founded upon the conscious —— of +sensations and ideas in our own minds.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TOOL</b> (<a href="#Page_358">page 358</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is a <i>tool</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>instrument</i> compare in meaning with <i>tool</i>? <b>3.</b> +What special <i>tools</i> are ordinarily called <i>instruments</i>? <b>4.</b> What is an <i>implement</i>? +<b>5.</b> What is a <i>utensil</i>? In what special relations is the word used? +<b>6.</b> What is an <i>appliance</i>? How does <i>appliance</i> compare with <i>tool</i>? <b>7.</b> What +is a <i>mechanism</i>? <b>8.</b> What is a <i>machine</i> in the most general sense? in the +technical and common use? <b>9.</b> What is an <i>apparatus</i>? <b>10.</b> Which of these +words have figurative use? <b>11.</b> How are <i>instrument</i> and <i>tool</i> contrasted in +figurative use?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The time is coming when the ——s of husbandry shall supplant the weapons of +war.</p> + +<p>Mix salt and sand, and it shall puzzle the wisest of men, with his mere natural ——s, +to separate all the grains of sand from all the grains of salt.</p> + +<p>The pick, stone-saw, wedge, chisel, and other ——s were already in use when +the pyramids were built.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TOPIC</b> (<a href="#Page_359">page 359</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>topic</i> derived, and with what meaning? <b>2.</b> How is <i>question</i> used +in a similar sense, and why? <b>3.</b> Is the general <i>subject</i> or <i>theme</i> properly known +as the <i>topic</i>? To what is that name more appropriately given?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>My father ... always took care to start some ingenious or useful —— of discourse, +which might tend to improve the minds of his children.</p> + +<p>One of the most important rules in a deliberative assembly is, that every speaker +shall speak to the ——.</p> + +<p>The —— of the Iliad is not the war of Troy, but the wrath of Achilles exhibited +during and in connection with the war of Troy.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TRANSACT</b>, <b>TRANSACTION</b> (<a href="#Page_360">page 360</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> How does <i>transact</i> differ from <i>do</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>transact</i> differ from <i>treat</i> and +<i>negotiate</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>negotiate</i> compare with <i>treat</i>? <b>4.</b> How do <i>transactions</i> +differ from <i>proceedings</i>?<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_506" id="Page_506">[506]</a></span></p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>In the first Parliament of James the House of Commons refused for the first time +to —— business on a Sunday.</p> + +<p>The treaty of peace that closed the war of 1812 had been already —— before +the battle of New Orleans was fought.</p> + +<p>Any direction of Christ or any direction or act of his apostles respecting the —— of +business in the church, is binding upon us, unless such direction or act was +grounded upon peculiar circumstances then existing.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>TRANSIENT</b> (<a href="#Page_361">page 361</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the derivation of <i>transient</i> and <i>transitory</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>transient</i> differ +in signification from <i>transitory</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>temporary</i>? +<b>4.</b> From what is <i>ephemeral</i> derived, and with what sense? <b>5.</b> How +does <i>ephemeral</i> differ from <i>transient</i> or <i>transitory</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>ephemeral</i> +suggest besides brevity of time? <b>7.</b> What is the derivation and meaning of +<i>fugitive</i>? <b>8.</b> What is the distinctive meaning of <i>evanescent</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Mirth is short and ——, cheerfulness fixed and permanent.</p> + +<p>Neither gratitude nor revenge had any share in determining his [Charles II.'s] +course; for never was there a mind on which both services and injuries left such faint +and —— impressions.</p> + +<p>A —— chairman is commonly appointed at the opening of a meeting to conduct +proceedings till a permanent presiding officer shall be elected.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>UNION</b> (<a href="#Page_362">page 362</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is <i>unity</i>? <b>2.</b> What is <i>union</i>? <b>3.</b> How are <i>unity</i> and <i>union</i> contrasted? +<b>4.</b> When may <i>unity</i> be predicated of that which is made up of parts?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in ——.</p> + +<p>Out of the —— of Roman and Teutonic elements arose the modern world of +Europe.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>UTILITY</b> (<a href="#Page_363">page 363</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>utility</i> derived, and what is its primary meaning? <b>2.</b> How is <i>utility</i> +discriminated from <i>use</i> and <i>usefulness</i>? <b>3.</b> What is the derivation and +primary meaning of <i>expediency</i>? <b>4.</b> How are <i>expediency</i> and <i>utility</i> used as +regards moral action? Which is the inferior word in such use? <b>5.</b> How does +<i>policy</i> in such use compare with <i>expediency</i> and <i>utility</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Principle is ever my motto, not ——.</p> + +<p>Two words form the key of the Baconian doctrine, —— and progress. The +ancient philosophy disdained to be useful, and was content to be stationary.<span class="pgn"><a name="Page_507" id="Page_507">[507]</a></span></p> + +<p>Justice itself is the great standing —— of civil society, and any departure from +it, under any circumstances, rests under the suspicion of being no —— at all.</p> + +<p>The fundamental objection to the doctrine of ——, in all its modifications is +that taken by Dr. Reid, viz., "that agreeableness and —— are not moral conceptions, +nor have they any connection with morality. What a man does merely because it is +agreeable is not virtue."</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VACANT</b> (<a href="#Page_363">page 363</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the meaning of <i>empty</i>? of <i>vacant</i>? <b>2.</b> To what does <i>vacant</i> especially +refer? <b>3.</b> What is the difference between an <i>empty</i> house and a <i>vacant</i> house? +<b>4.</b> What is the difference in dignity between the two words? <b>5.</b> What is the +significance of <i>void</i> and <i>devoid</i>? <b>6.</b> What does <i>waste</i> imply? <b>7.</b> In what +sense is <i>vacuous</i> used?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">—— heads console with —— sound.<br /></span> +</div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 23em;"> +<span class="i0">The watch-dog's voice that bay'd the whispering wind<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the loud laugh that spoke the —— mind.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VENAL</b> (<a href="#Page_365">page 365</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>venal</i> derived, and with what meaning? <i>mercenary</i>? <i>hireling</i>? <b>2.</b> +How are <i>mercenary</i> and <i>venal</i> discriminated from <i>hireling</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>The closing quarter of the nineteenth century may be termed the —— era of +American politics. Never before has legislation been so universally, so unscrupulously, +and unblushingly for sale.</p> + +<p>The body of Greeks, immortalized under the name of the Ten Thousand, ... though +embarking on a foreign —— service, were by no means outcasts, or even +men of extreme poverty.</p> + +<p>It is not the hire, but the working only for the hire that makes the ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VENERATION</b> (<a href="#Page_366">page 366</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> By what qualities is <i>awe</i> inspired? <b>2.</b> What elements are present and what lacking +in <i>awe</i>? <b>3.</b> What is <i>dread</i> and by what aroused? <b>4.</b> How do <i>reverence</i> +and <i>veneration</i> differ from <i>awe</i> or <i>dread</i>? <b>5.</b> How does <i>adoration</i> compare +with <i>veneration</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Man craves an object of ——; and if not supplied with that which God has appointed, +will take what offers.</p> + +<p>The Italian climate robs age of its ——, and makes it look newer than it is.</p></div><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_508" id="Page_508">[508]</a></span></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VENIAL</b> (<a href="#Page_367">page 367</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> From what is <i>venial</i> derived, and what does it signify? <b>2.</b> How does <i>venial</i> compare +with <i>pardonable</i>? <b>3.</b> How does <i>excusable</i> differ from the above words? +<b>4.</b> What very different word is sometimes confounded with <i>venial</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>Theft on the part of a starving man is one of the most —— of offenses.</p> + +<p>Under all the circumstances, the error was ——.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VERACITY</b> (<a href="#Page_367">page 367</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> Do <i>truth</i> and <i>verity</i> apply to thought and speech or to persons? <b>2.</b> To what +does <i>veracity</i> apply? <i>truthfulness</i>? <b>3.</b> Into what two classes may the words +in this group of synonyms be divided, and what words will be found in +each class?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>On a certain confidence in the —— of mankind is founded so much of the +knowledge on which we constantly depend, that, without it, the whole system of +human things would go into confusion.</p></div> + +<div class="poem" style="width: 17em;"> +<span class="i0">If all the world and love were young,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And —— in every shepherd's tongue,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">These pretty pleasures might me move<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To live with thee and be thy love.<br /></span> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3><b>VIRTUE</b> (<a href="#Page_370">page 370</a>).</h3> + +<h4>QUESTIONS.</h4> + +<p><b>1.</b> What is the prominent idea in <i>virtue</i>? <b>2.</b> How does <i>goodness</i> differ from <i>virtue</i>? +<b>3.</b> Of what relations are <i>honesty</i> and <i>probity</i> used? <b>4.</b> How is <i>honesty</i> +used in a sense higher than the commercial? <b>5.</b> What, in the full sense, is +<i>integrity</i>? <b>6.</b> What is <i>honor</i>? <b>7.</b> What is <i>purity</i>? <i>duty</i>? <b>8.</b> What do +<i>rectitude</i> and <i>righteousness</i> denote? <b>9.</b> To what does <i>uprightness</i> especially +refer? <b>10.</b> What is <i>virtuousness</i>?</p> + +<h4>EXAMPLES.</h4> + +<div class="bq2"><p>—— is the fruit of exertion; it supposes conquest of temptation.</p> + +<p>In seeing that a thing is right, we see at the same time that it is our —— to +do it.</p> + +<p>It is true that —— is the best policy; but if this be the motive of honest dealing, +there is no real ——.</p> + +<p>Where is that chastity of —— that felt a stain like a wound?</p></div> +</div> + +<hr class="chr" /><p><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[509]</a></span></p> +<h2>INDEX.</h2> + +<div class="trn"><p class="hd1"><big>Transcriber's Note:</big></p> +<p>The following linked table, covering the index, has been added for convenience.</p> + +<div class="hd1"> +<table class="tbin" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr> +<td><a href="#A">A</a></td> +<td><a href="#B">B</a></td> +<td><a href="#C">C</a></td> +<td><a href="#D">D</a></td> +<td><a href="#E">E</a></td> +<td><a href="#F">F</a></td> +<td><a href="#G">G</a></td> +<td><a href="#H">H</a></td> +<td><a href="#I">I</a></td> +<td><a href="#J">J</a></td> +<td><a href="#K">K</a></td> +<td><a href="#L">L</a></td> +<td><a href="#M">M</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a href="#N">N</a></td> +<td><a href="#O">O</a></td> +<td><a href="#P">P</a></td> +<td><a href="#Q">Q</a></td> +<td><a href="#R">R</a></td> +<td><a href="#S">S</a></td> +<td><a href="#T">T</a></td> +<td><a href="#U">U</a></td> +<td><a href="#V">V</a></td> +<td><a href="#W">W</a></td> +<td><a href="#Y">Y</a></td> +<td><a href="#Z">Z</a></td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</table></div></div> + +<ul><li><i><a name="A" id="A"></a>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abandoned, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li><i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li><i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li><i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>abbreviation</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abdicate, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>aberration, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li><i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abetter, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>abettor, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li><i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>abhorrence, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abiding, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>ability, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>abject, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>abjure, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>able, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abode, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li><i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abominable, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>abominate, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>aboriginal, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>abortive, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>abounding, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>aboveboard, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>abridge, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li><i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abbreviation</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abrogate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abrupt, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>absent, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>absent-minded, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li><i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>absolution, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li><i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>absorbed, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>abstain, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>abstemiousness, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li><i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li><i>abstract</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>abstract, <i>n.</i>, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li><i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>abstruse, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abundant, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>abutting, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>accede, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>accelerate, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>accept, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><ul> +<li>" <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acceptable, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>accepted, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>access, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>accessible, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>accession, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>accessory, <i>a.</i>, <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li><i>accessory</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acclaim, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>acclamation, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>accompaniment, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accompany, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>accomplice, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accomplish, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accomplished, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a><ul> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accomplishment, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accord, <i>v.</i>, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>accord, <i>n.</i>, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>accordance, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>accordingly, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>accost, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>account, <i>v.</i>, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>account, <i>n.</i>, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accountability, <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[510]</a></span>accouterments, <i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><ul> +<li>" <i>caparison</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>accredited, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>accumulate, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>accurate, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> + +<li>accuse, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>accustomed, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acerb, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>acerbity, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>acetous, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>ache, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>achieve, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>achievement, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acid, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>acidulated, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>acidulous, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>acknowledge, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acknowledgment, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li><i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acquiesce, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>acquire, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acquit, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acquittal, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>acrid, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>acrimonious, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>act, <i>v.</i>, <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> + +<li><i>act</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>action, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>activity, <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> + +<li>actor, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>actual, <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li> + +<li>actualize, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>actuate, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> + +<li><i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>acute, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>acuteness, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>adage, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>adapted, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li><i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>addendum, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li><i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>addition, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li><i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li><i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>adduce, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>adept, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li><i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>adherence, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li><i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>adhesion, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li><i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>adieu, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>adit, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li><i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>adjoin, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>adjoining, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>adjunct, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>adjuration, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>administer, <i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> + +<li>admiration, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li><i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>admission, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>admit, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> +<li>" <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>admittance, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>admixture, <i>alloy</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>admonish, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>admonition, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>adolescent, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>adoration, <i>veneration</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> + +<li>adore, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>adroit, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>adroitness, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>adulation, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>adulteration, <i>alloy</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>advance, <i>v.</i>, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>advance, <i>n.</i>, <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li> + +<li>advancement, <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li> + +<li>advantage, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> +<li>" <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>adventure, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + +<li>adventurous, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>adversary, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li>adversity, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>advert, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>advertise, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>advised, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>advocate, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aerial, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>affable, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>affair, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">[511]</a></span>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affect, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>affectation, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affection, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affectionate, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>affidavit, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a><ul> +<li>" <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affinity, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affirm, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affirmation, <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>afflict, <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>affliction, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affix, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>affluent, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>afford, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>affray, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>affright, <i>n.</i>, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>affright, <i>v.</i>, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li><i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>age, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>aged, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>agency, <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> + +<li><i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aggravate, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>aggregate, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>aggression, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>aggrieve, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>agile, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>agitate, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>agitation, <i>storm</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li> + +<li>agnomen, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>agnostic, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>agony, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li><i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>agreeable, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>" <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>agreement, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>agricultural, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li><i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>aid, <i>v.</i>, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aid, <i>n.</i>, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aider, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>ailment, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li><i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>akin, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li><i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>alarming, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li><i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i> & <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>alienate, <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>alienation, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li><i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aliment, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li><i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>all, <i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li><i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li><i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li><i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>alley, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li><i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>allowance, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>alloy</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li><i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li><i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ally, <i>n.</i>, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>almsgiving, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li><i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>alter, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>alteration, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li><i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>altho, <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li><i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li><i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li><i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ambiguous, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> + +<li>ameliorate, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>amenable, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li><i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li><i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>amicable, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li><i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>amidst, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>amity, <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><ul> +<li>" <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>amnesty, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>among, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>amongst, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[512]</a></span>ample, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>amuse, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>amusement, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>analogous, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li><i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>analysis, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>anarchism, <i>socialism</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>anarchy, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>anathema, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>ancient, <i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> +<li>" <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>and, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>anecdote, <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li> + +<li><i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>anguish, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>animadversion, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>animal, <i>a.</i>, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li><i>animal</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>animate, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>animated, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>animosity, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>annals, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>annex, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>annihilate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>annotation, <i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li><i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>annoy, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>annoyance, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>annul, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>anomalous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>antagonism, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>antagonist, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li>antecedent, <i>a.</i>, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>antecedent, <i>n.</i>, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>antepast, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>anterior, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li><i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> +<li>" <i>prevent</i>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li><i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>antiquated, <i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> +<li>" <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>anxious, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>any, <i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li><i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> +<li>" <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aphorism, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li><i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>apocalypse, <i>revelation</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>apologize for, <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>apologue, <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li><i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>apothegm, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>appal, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>appalling, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>apparatus, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>apparel, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li><i>apparent</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>appeal, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li><i>appear</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> + +<li>appearance <i>or</i> semblance of, have, <i>appear</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> + +<li>appearance, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>appease, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>appellation, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>append, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li><i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>appendix, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>appetency, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>applaud, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>applause, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>appliance, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>application, <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>appoint, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>appreciate, <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> + +<li>apprehend, <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><ul> +<li>" <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> +<li>" <i>perceive</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>apprehension, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>apprised, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>approach, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>approach, <i>n.</i>, <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><ul> +<li>" <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>approbation, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>appropriate, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>approval, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>approve, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><ul> +<li>" <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li>appurtenance, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>apostrophize, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>a priori, <i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>apt, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[513]</a></span>" <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>aptitude, <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><ul> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>arbiter, <i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> + +<li>arbitrary, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>arbitrate, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>arbitrator, <i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> + +<li>archaic, <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>archetype, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>archive, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>archives, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>ardent, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>ardor, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>arduous, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>argue, <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>argument, <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reasoning</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>argumentation, <i>reasoning</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> + +<li>arise, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>arising, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>armament, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>armor, <i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li><i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li><i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>arrangement, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> +<li>" <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>arrive, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><a name="TNE" id="TNE"></a>arrogance, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>arrogant, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>arrogate, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>art, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li>" <i>science</i>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>article, <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>article of belief, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" of faith, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>articulate, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li><i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>artificer, <i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>artisan, <i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li><i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>artistic, <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>artless, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>as, <i>because</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>ascend, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>ascertain, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>ascribe, <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>ashes, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li><i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>asperity, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>asperse, <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>asphyxia, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>aspiration, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assail, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>assassinate, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>assault, <i>v.</i>, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>assault, <i>n.</i>, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>assemblage, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>assemble, <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>assembly, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>assent, <i>v.</i>, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>assent, <i>n.</i>, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>assert, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assertion, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>asseverate, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assiduity, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>assiduous, <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> + +<li>assign, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> +<li>" <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assist, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assistant, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><ul> +<li>" <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> +<li>" <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><ul> +<li>" <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> +<li>" <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assuage, <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + +<li><i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>assumption, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> +<li>" <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assure, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>assured, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>astonishment, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>as well, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>as well as, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>at ease, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>atheist, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>atom, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>at once, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>atonement, <i>propitiation</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>at rest, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>atrocious, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>attach, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>attached, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><ul> +<li>" <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[514]</a></span>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li><i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li><i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> +<li>" <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>attainment, <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>attempt, <i>v.</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> + +<li>attempt, <i>n.</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>attend, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><ul> +<li>" <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>attendant, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>attention, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>attestation, <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>attire, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li><i>attitude</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>attract, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>attraction, <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li> + +<li>attractive, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li><i>attribute</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>audacity, <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><ul> +<li>" <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>augment, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>august, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>auspicious, <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>austere, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li><i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>author, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>authoritative, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>authority, <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>authorization, <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>authorized, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>autobiography, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>autochthonic, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>autocratic, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>automatic, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li><i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>avail, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li><i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>avenging, <i>revenge</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>avenue, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>aver, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>averse, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>aversion, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>avocation, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>avouch, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>await, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>awake, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>award, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li>aware, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>awe, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> +<li>" <i>veneration</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li><i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>axiom</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><ul> +<li>" <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="B" id="B"></a><i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>backbite, <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>backer, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>backward, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>backwardness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>bad, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>badinage, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>baffle, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>bail, <i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>balk, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>balky, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>ban, <i>v.</i>, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>ban, <i>n.</i>, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>bandit, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>baneful, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li><i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>bankrupt, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li><i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bar, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> +<li>" <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>barbarian, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>barbaric, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>barbarism, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li><i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>barely, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>bargain, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bargain for, <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>barricade, <i>v.</i>, <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>barricade, <i>n.</i>, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li><i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> +<li>" <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>barter, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>barter for, <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li> + +<li>base, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>baseless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>bashfulness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>bastinado, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>batter, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li><i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>battle array, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>bawl, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>beach, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_515" id="Page_515">[515]</a></span>bear, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bearing, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bear up under, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>bear with, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>beast, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>beastly, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li><i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>beauteous, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + +<li><i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>graceful</i>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>beautify, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li><i>because</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a><ul> +<li>" <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bechance, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>become, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li><i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>bedeck, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>befall, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>befitting, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>befoul, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>befriend, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>beg, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>beggary, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li><a name="TNB" id="TNB"></a><i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>beguile, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li><i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>behold, <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><ul> +<li>" <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>belabor, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>beleaguer, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>belief, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>belittle, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>belles-lettres, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>bellow, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>bemoan, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li><i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>benefaction, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>beneficence, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>benefit, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>benevolent, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>benign, <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>benignant, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>benignity, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bequest, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>bereavement, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>beseech, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>beseeming, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>beset, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>beside, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>besides, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> +<li>" <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>besiege, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>bestial, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>bestow, <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>betide, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>betoken, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>better, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>between, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>betwixt, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>bevy, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>bewail, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>bewilder, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>bewilderment, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bewitching, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bias, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bid, <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a><ul> +<li>" <i>proposal</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bide, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>big, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>bigotry, <i>fanaticism</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>bills, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li><i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>biography, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>birth, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>biting, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li><i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>bitterness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bizarre, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>blab, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>black, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>blame, <i>v.</i>, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>blame, <i>n.</i>, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>blameless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>blanch, <i>bleach</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>blank, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>blaspheming, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>blasphemy, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>blaze, <i>v.</i>, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>blaze, <i>n.</i>, <i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>bleach</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li><i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>blessed, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a><ul> +<li>" <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>blessedness, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>blessing, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>blind, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>bliss, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>blissful, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>blithe, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>blithesome, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>block, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>blood, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>blot, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>blot out, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li><i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[516]</a></span>blunt, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>blur, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>blurt, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>blustering, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>boast, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>boasting, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>bode, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>bodily, <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li><i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>bold, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>boldness, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> +<li>" <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bolt, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>bondage, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>bonds, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>bonny, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + +<li>bonus, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>books, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>boon, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>boorish, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bootless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>border, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bordering, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li><i>both</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bound, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>boundless, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>bounteous, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>bountiful, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bounty, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bourn, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>bourne, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>bout, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>bow, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>box, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>boyish, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>brain, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>brand, <i>v.</i>, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>brand, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>brandish, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>brass, <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> + +<li><i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>bravery, <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>brawl, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li><i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>break off, <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>breastwork, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>breathing, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>breeding, <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bribe, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>bridle, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>bridle-path, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>brief, <i>a.</i>, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>brief, <i>n.</i>, <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>brigand, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>bright, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>brim, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>bring, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> + +<li>bring about, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bring into being, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>bring low, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li>bring over, <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>bring to an end, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>bring to pass, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>brink, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>brisk, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>briskness, <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>broad, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>broil, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>brood, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>brook, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>brotherly, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>browbeat, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>bruise, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>brush, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>brusk, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>brutal, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><ul> +<li>" <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>brute, <i>a.</i>, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>brute, <i>n.</i>, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li><i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>buccaneer, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>bucolic, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>buffet, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>bulky, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>bullion, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>bulwark, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bungling, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>buoyant, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>burden, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>burglar, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>burlesque, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>burning, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>burst, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><a name="TND" id="TND"></a>bury, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><ul> +<li>" <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>bustling, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>busy, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>butcher, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>butchery, <i>massacre</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>buy, <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li> + +<li><i>by</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>by dint of, <i>by</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_517" id="Page_517">[517]</a></span>by means of, <i>by</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>byword, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> +</ul> + +<ul><li><a name="C" id="C"></a><i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>cabalistic, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>cackle, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>cajole, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>calamity, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>" <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>calling, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>callow, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>call together, <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>call upon, <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li> + +<li>calm, <i>v.</i>, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li><i>calm</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>calm, <i>n.</i>, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>calmness, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>calumniate, <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>canaille, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li><i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li><i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>candor, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>canon, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>cant, <i>v.</i>, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>cant, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slang</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>capability, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>capable, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>capacious, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>capacity, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li><i>caparison</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li><i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>capitulate, <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>caprice, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li>captivate, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>captivating, <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>capture, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>carcass, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li><i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>careen, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li><i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>careful, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>carefulness, <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>carelessness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li><i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>cargo, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li><i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>carnage, <i>massacre</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>carnal, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>carol, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>carp at, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>carriage, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>carry on, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>carry out, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>carry through, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>cartel, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>case, <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cash, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>cashier, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>cast, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cast down, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li>caste, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>castigate, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>castle, <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>cast off, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>cast up, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>casualty, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cataclysm, <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>catalog(ue, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li><i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li><i>catch</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><ul> +<li>" <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>catch, <i>n.</i>, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>causality, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>causation, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>cause, <i>v.</i>, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li><i>cause</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>caustic, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>causticity, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>cauterize, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>caution, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cautious, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li><i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> +<li>" <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ceaseless, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>cede, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>celebrate</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>celebrity, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>censure, <i>v.</i>, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>censure, <i>n.</i>, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li><i>center</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> + +<li>ceremony, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>certain, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>certainty, <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>certification, <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>certified, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>certify, <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cessation, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[518]</a></span>chaff, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>chagrin, <i>v.</i>, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li><i>chagrin</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>chains, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>chance, <i>v.</i>, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>chance, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><ul> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +<li>" <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>changeless, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>channel, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>chant, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>char, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li><i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>charge, <i>v.</i>, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>charge, <i>n.</i>, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> +<li>" <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> +<li>" <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>charitable, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>charity, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chase, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chaste, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a><ul> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>chasten, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>chastening, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>chastise, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chastisement, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>chastity, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>chat, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chatter, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chattering, <i>garrulous</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>cheat, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> +<li>" <i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cheating, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>check, <i>v.</i>, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>check, <i>n.</i>, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>checkmate, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>cheer, <i>v.</i>, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cheer, <i>n.</i>, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cheerful, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cheering, <i>a.</i>, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>cheering, <i>n.</i>, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>cheers, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>cheery, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chide, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>chiding, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>chief city, <i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>childish, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>childlike, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>chimerical, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chirp, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>chirrup, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>chivalric, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>chivalrous, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a><ul> +<li>" <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>choice, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>choke, <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>choler, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li><i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>chronicle, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>chum, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>churlish, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>circle, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>circulate, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li><i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>circumscribe, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>circumspect, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>circumspection, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>circumstantial, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>citadel, <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>cite, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> +<li>" <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>city, <i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>civil, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>civilization, <i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>claim, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> +<li>" <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>clamor, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>clan, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>clarified, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>clash, <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>clashing, <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>clasp, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><ul> +<li>" <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>classes, lower, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>classic, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>classical, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>clay, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>clean, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cleanly, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li><i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>clear, <i>v.</i>, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li><i>clear</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_519" id="Page_519">[519]</a></span>" <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>clear-sighted, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cleave, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>clemency, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>clement, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><ul> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cleverness, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cling to, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>clique, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>cloak, <i>v.</i>, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cloak, <i>n.</i>, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>clog, <i>v.</i>, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>clog, <i>n.</i>, <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>close, <i>v.</i>, <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>close, <i>a.</i>, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><ul> +<li>" <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> +<li>" <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>close, <i>n.</i>, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>clothes, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>clothing, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>cloudy, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>clownish, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cloy, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>club, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><ul> +<li>" <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>clumsy, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>clutch, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>coadjutor, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>coalition, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>coarse, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> +<li>" <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>coast, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>coax, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>coddle, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>code, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>coerce, <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> + +<li>coercive, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>cogency, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>cognition, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>cognizance, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>cognizant, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>cognomen, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>cohesive, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>coin, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>coincide, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>coincidence, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>coldness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>colleague, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>collect, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>collected, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>collection, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>collectivism, <i>socialism</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li><i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>colloquialism, <i>slang</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>colloquy, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>color, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>colossal, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>coma, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>combat, <i>v.</i>, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>combat, <i>n.</i>, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>combination, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>combine, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>combustion, <i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>come, <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>come after, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>comely, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>come to an end, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>come to pass, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li><a name="TNC" id="TNC"></a>comfort, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>console</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>comical, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>comity, <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> + +<li>command, <i>v.</i>, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>command, <i>n.</i>, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commanding, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>commandment, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>commemorate, <i>celebrate</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> + +<li>commencement, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>commensurate, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>comment, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><ul> +<li>" <i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> +<li>" <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commentary, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>commerce, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>comminuted, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commiseration, <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li><i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commodious, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>common, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> +<li>" <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commonplace, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>commonwealth, <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>communicate, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>communication, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>communion, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>communism, <i>socialism</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>community, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><ul> +<li>" <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>commute, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>compact, <i>a.</i>, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>compact, <i>n.</i>, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>companion, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>companionable, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_520" id="Page_520">[520]</a></span>companionship, <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compare, <i>contrast</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>comparison, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>compass, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>compassion, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compassionate, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li><i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>" <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compend, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>compendious, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>compendium, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>compensate, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>compensation, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>competency, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>competent, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>competition, <i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> + +<li>competitor, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li><i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>complaint, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>complaisant, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>complete, <i>v.</i>, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>complete, <i>a.</i>, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>completed, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> + +<li>completion, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li><i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compliant, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>complicate, <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>complicated, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compliment, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>comply, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>component, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>compose, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>composed, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>composite, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>composition, metrical, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>composure, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>compound, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>comprehend, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perceive</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>comprehension, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>compulsion, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>compulsive, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>compulsory, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>compunction, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>compute, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>comrade, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>conceal, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concede, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conceit, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conceivable, <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>conceive, <i>perceive</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li> + +<li>concept, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> + +<li>conception, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concern, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concise, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>conclave, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conclude, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conclusion, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concomitant, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concord, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>concourse, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>concupiscence, <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li>concur, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>concurrence, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>concussion, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>condemnation, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>condensed, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>condition, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>condolence, <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>condole with, <i>console</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>condone, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>conduct, <i>v.</i>, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conduct, <i>n.</i>, <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>confabulation, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>confederacy, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confederate, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confederation, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confer, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a><ul> +<li>" <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conference, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confession, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>confide, <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>confidence, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confine, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>confines, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li><i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>conflagration, <i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>conflict, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conflicting, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conformity, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>confound, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confront, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_521" id="Page_521">[521]</a></span>confuse, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confused, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confusion, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> +<li>" <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>confute, <i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> + +<li>congé, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>congenial, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>congenital, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>conglomerate, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>congratulate</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>congregation, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>congruity, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>congruous, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>conjectural, <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>conjecture, <i>v.</i>, <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li>conjecture, <i>n.</i>, <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>conjugal union, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>conjunction, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><ul> +<li>" <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conjure, <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li> + +<li>connect, <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>connection, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>connoisseur, <i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li><i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conquest, <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>consanguinity, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li><i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>consciousness, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>consecrated, <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>consent, <i>v.</i>, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>consent, <i>n.</i>, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>consent to, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> + +<li><i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><ul> +<li>" <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>consequent, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>consider, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>considerable, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>consideration, <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>consign, <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>consistency, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li><i>console</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>consonance, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>consort, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>conspicuous, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>conspiracy, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>constancy, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>constant, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>consternation, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>constituent, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>constitute, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>constitution, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> + +<li>constitutional, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>constrain, <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>constraint, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>construct, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>consult, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>consume, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>consummate, <i>v.</i>, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>consummate, <i>a.</i>, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> + +<li>consummation, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>contact, <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li><i>contagion</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>contaminate, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>contemplate, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>contemptible, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>contend, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>content, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>contented, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>contention, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>contentment, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>conterminous, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>contest, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>contiguity, <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li>contiguous, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>continence, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>continent, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>contingency, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>continue, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>continuous, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li><i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>contraction, <i>abbreviation</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> + +<li>contradictory, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>contrariety, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>contrary, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> +<li>" <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>contrast</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>contrast, <i>n.</i>, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>contrasted, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>contriteness, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>contrition, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>contrivance, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>control, <i>v.</i>, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>control, <i>n.</i>, <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>controlling, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>controversy, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>controvert, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>contumacious, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conundrum, <i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>convene, <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>convenient, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>convention, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li><i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>converse, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>conversion, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>convert, <i>v.</i>, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li><i>convert</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> + +<li><i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a><ul> +<li>" <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>convict, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> + +<li>conviction, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[522]</a></span>convince, <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>convocation, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li><i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>cool, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>cooperate, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>copious, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>copy, <i>v.</i>, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>copy, <i>n.</i>, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a><ul> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cordial, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>corporal, <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>corporation, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>corporeal, <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>corpse, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>corpuscle, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>correct, <i>v.</i>, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>correct, <i>a.</i>, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> + +<li>correlative, <i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>correspondent, <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>corresponding, <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>corroborate, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>corrupt, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cost, <i>expense</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>costume, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>coterie, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>coterminous, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>count, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>countenance, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> + +<li>counteract, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>counterpart, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> + +<li>countless, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>countrified, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>country, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>courage, <i>fortitude</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>courageous, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>course, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><ul> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> +<li>" <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>court, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><ul> +<li>" <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>courteous, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>courtesy, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> + +<li>courtly, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>covenant, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>cover, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>coveting, <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li>covetous, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>covey, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>cow, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>coyness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>crabbed, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>crack, <i>v.</i>, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>crack, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>craft, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>crafty, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>crave, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> + +<li>craving, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>craziness, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>create, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>creator, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>creature, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>credence, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>credible, <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>credit, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>credulity, <i>fanaticism</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>creed, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>cremate, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>crew, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>crime, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>criminality, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>critic, <i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li>critical, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>criticism, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>croak, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>crook, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>crop, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>cross off, or out, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>crotchety, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>crowd, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>crowd out, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>cruel, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>crush, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>crusty, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>cry, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>cudgel, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>cuff, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>cull, <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>culpable, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>cultivated, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>cultivation, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><ul> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>culture, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a><ul> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cultured, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>cunning, <i>a.</i>, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>cunning, <i>n.</i>, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>curb, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cure, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>cured, be, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>curious, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>currency, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>current, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>curse, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cursing, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>curve, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>custody, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>custom, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>customary, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>cut, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>cutting, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="D" id="D"></a><i>daily</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> + +<li>dainty, <i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>damage, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[523]</a></span>" <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dangerous, <i>formidable</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>dapper, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>daring, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li><i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>darksome, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>dart, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>date, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>daub, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>daunt, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dauntless, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>dawdling, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>day-dream, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> + +<li>deadly, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>deal, <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deathless, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>debar, <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> + +<li>debase, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li>debasement, <i>alloy</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>debate, <i>v.</i>, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>debate, <i>n.</i>, <i>reasoning</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> + +<li><i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>decease, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>deceit, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deceitful, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>deceitfulness, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>deceiver, <i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>decent, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li><i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deck, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>declaim, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>declare, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> +<li>" <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>decline, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>decompose, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>decorate, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>decorous, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>decoy, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>decrease, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>decree, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>decrepit, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>decry, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deduction, <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>induction</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deed, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deem, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> +<li>" <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deep, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>defacement, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>defame, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>default, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>defeat, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>defect, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>defend, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>defer, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li><i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>deflect, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>deformity, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>deft, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li>degrade, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li>deist, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>delay, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>delaying, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>delegate, <i>v.</i>, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li><i>delegate</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>deleterious, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li><i>deliberate</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>deliberate, <i>a.</i>, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>delicate, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><ul> +<li>" <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>delight, <i>v.</i>, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>delight, <i>n.</i>, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>delighted, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li><i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> +<li>" <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>delight in, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>delinquency, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>delirium, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>deliver, <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>delusive, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>demand, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> + +<li>demeanor, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dementia, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li><i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>demonstrable, <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li> + +<li>demonstrate, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li><i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>denomination, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a><ul> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>denouement, <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>denounce, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> + +<li>dense, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>dent, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>denunciation, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deny, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>depart, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>depart from, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>deplore, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>deportment, <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>depose, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_524" id="Page_524">[524]</a></span>deposit, <i>put</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>deposition, <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>depravity, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>depreciate, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>depredator, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>depress, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> + +<li>depth, <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>depute, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>deputy, <i>delegate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>derange, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>derangement, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>derision, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>derogate from, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>descent, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>description, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><ul> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>descry, <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> +<li>" <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>desert, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li><i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a><ul> +<li>" <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> +<li>" <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>designation, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>designer, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li><i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>desirous, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>desist, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>despair</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> + +<li>despatch, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>desperation, <i>despair</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> + +<li>despicable, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>despise, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>despite, <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>prep.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>despoiler, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>despondency, <i>despair</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> + +<li>despotic, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>destine, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li>destiny, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>destitution, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>destroy, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> +<li>" <i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>destructive, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>detach, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>detail, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>detailed, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>detain, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>detect, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>deterioration, <i>alloy</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>determination, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> + +<li>determined, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>detest, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>detestation, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>detract from, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>detriment, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>detrimental, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>develop, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>developed, <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li> + +<li>development, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><ul> +<li>" <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>deviate, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>device, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>devoted, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> +<li>" <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>devotion, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li> +<li>" <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><ul> +<li>" <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dexterous, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dialect, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li>dialog(ue, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>diaphanous, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>dictatorial, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><ul> +<li>" <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dictum, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li><i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>diet, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li><i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>differentiate, <i>contrast</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li><i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>difficulty, <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li>diffidence, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>diffuseness, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>digest, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>digress, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>dilate, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>dilatory, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>dilettante, <i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li>diligence, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>diligent, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dim, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>diminish, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>diminutive, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>dip, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a><ul> +<li>" <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dire, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>direct, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li><i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>directly, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>direful, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>disadvantage, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>disagreement, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>disallow, <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[525]</a></span>disappointment, <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disapproval, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>disarrange, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>disaster, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>" <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disavow, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>disbelief, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>disbeliever, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>discard, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li><i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> +<li>" <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discernible, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>discerning, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discernment, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discharge, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disciple, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convert</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discipline, <i>v.</i>, <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discipline, <i>n.</i>, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>disclaim, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>disclose, <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disclosure, <i>revelation</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>discolor, <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>discomfit, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>discompose, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>discomposure, <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>disconcert, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>discontinue, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discordant, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discouragement, <i>despair</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> + +<li>discourse, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> +<li>" <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discourteous, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li><i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><ul> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discredit, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discrepancy, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>discrepant, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>discretion, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discriminate, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>contrast</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> +<li>" <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>discriminating, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>discrimination, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>discuss, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>disdain, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li><i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>disfigurement, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>disgrace, <i>v.</i>, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disgrace, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>disguise, <i>v.</i>, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li>disguise, <i>n.</i>, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>disgust, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dishearten, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>dishonesty, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>dishonor, <i>v.</i>, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dishonor, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>disinclined, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>disinfect, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>disintegration, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>disinterested, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>dislike, <i>v.</i>, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>dislike, <i>n.</i>, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dislodge, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>dismal, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>dismay, <i>v.</i>, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>dismay, <i>n.</i>, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dismiss, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disobedient, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>disorder, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a><ul> +<li>" <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disown, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li><i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disparity, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>dispassionate, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>dispense, <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li><i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>display, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>displease, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>displeasure, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disport, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>dispose, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><ul> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disposed, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>disposition, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>" <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> +<li>" <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disprove, <i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> + +<li>dispute, <i>v.</i>, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>dispute, <i>n.</i>, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>disquiet, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> + +<li>disquietude, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disquisition, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>disregard, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>disrespect, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>dissemble, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li>dissembler, <i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>dissension, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>dissenter, <i>heretic</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>dissertation, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>dissimilar, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>dissimilarity, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>dissimilitude, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>dissimulation, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[526]</a></span>dissipation, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>distant, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>distaste, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>distemper, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>distinct, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>distinction, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> +<li>" <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>distinguish, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>distract, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>distraction, <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>distress, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> +<li>" <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> +<li>" <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>distribute, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>distributively, <i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>distrust, <i>v.</i>, <i>doubt</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>distrust, <i>n.</i>, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>disturb, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>disturbance, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> +<li>" <i>storm</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>disused, <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>diurnal, <i>daily</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> + +<li>diverge, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>divergence, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>diversify, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>diversion, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>diversity, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><ul> +<li>" <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>divert, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>divide, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>divine, <i>v.</i>, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>divine, <i>n.</i>, <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>division, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> +<li>" <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>doctrinal, <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li><i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>document, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>dodge, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>doer, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>dogged, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dogma, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li><i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><ul> +<li>" <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>doing, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>domicil, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>domineering, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>donation, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>doom, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>door, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>doorway, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>double-dealing, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li><i>doubt</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li><i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>doubter, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>doubtful, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> +<li>" <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>doughty, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>douse, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>down, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>draft, <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>drag, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li><i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>drawing, <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>draw out, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>dread, <i>a.</i>, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>dread, <i>n.</i>, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> +<li>" <i>veneration</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dreadful, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li><i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> + +<li>dregs of the people, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li><i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>drill, <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>drink in, drink up, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li><i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> +<li>" <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" quicken, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>drive on, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>drive out, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>driveway, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>droll, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>drollery, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>drove, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>drowsy, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>drudgery, <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> + +<li>dubious, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>duck, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>dull, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dulness, <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>dumb, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li><i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> + +<li>duplicity, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>durable, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>durance, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>duration, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>duress, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>dusky, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dust, <i>v.</i>, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>dust, <i>n.</i>, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li><i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>dwell, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>dwelling, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>dye, <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="E" id="E"></a><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[527]</a></span>each, <i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><ul> +<li>" <i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>eagerness, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>earlier, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>earn, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>earnest, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>earnestness, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>earnings, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li><i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>easiness, <i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>ebb, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>eccentric, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>economy, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a><ul> +<li>" <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ecstasy, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>edge, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>edict, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>educate, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li><i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>efface, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>effect, <i>v.</i>, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>effect, <i>n.</i>, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>effeminate, <i>feminine</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>efficacy, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>efficiency, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>effort, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><ul> +<li>" <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>egoism, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> + +<li><i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> + +<li>either, <i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li>ejaculate, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>eject, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>elderly, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>elect, <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>election, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>elegance, <i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>elegant, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>element, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>elevate, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>elevated, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>eliminate, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>elongate, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>emanate, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>emancipation, <i>liberty</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li> + +<li>embarrass, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>embarrassment, <i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>embellish, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li><i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>embolden, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> + +<li>embrace, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>embroil, <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>emend, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>emergency, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li><i>emigrate</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li>eminence, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>eminent, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>emissary, <i>spy</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>emit, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>emolument, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li> + +<li>emotion, <i>sensation</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> + +<li><i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li>employed, <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> + +<li>employment, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>empty, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>emulation, <i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> + +<li>enactment, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>enchanting, <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>enclosure, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>encomium, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>encounter, <i>v.</i>, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>encounter, <i>n.</i>, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>encourage, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> +<li>" <i>console</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>encroachment, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>encumber, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>encumbrance, <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> +<li>" <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> +<li>" <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> + +<li><i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><ul> +<li>" <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>endless, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>endorse, <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>endurance, <i>fortitude</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><ul> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enduring, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li><i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li>energetic, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + +<li>energy, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>enforce, <i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> + +<li>engage, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>engaged, <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> + +<li>engagement, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>engaging, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>engross, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enigma, <i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>enigmatic, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>enigmatical, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_528" id="Page_528">[528]</a></span>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enjoy, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>enjoyment, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enlarge, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enlighten, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>enlightenment, <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>enliven, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li><i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enormous, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>enough, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>enrapturing, <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>enrolment, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>ensample, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>ensnare, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>ensue, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>entangle, <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>entangled, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>enter, <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li><i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li><i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>enthusiastic, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>entice, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>entire, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>entomb, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li><i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>entrancing, <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>entrap, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>entreat, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>entrée, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>entrust, <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>entry, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a><ul> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>enumerate, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>enumeration, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>enunciate, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>envious</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>eon, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>eonian, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>ephemeral, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>episode, <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li>epithet, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>epitome, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>epoch, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>equal, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>equitable, <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>equity, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>equivalent, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>era, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>eradicate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>erase, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>err, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>erratic, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>erroneous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>error, <i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>erudition, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>espousal, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>essay, <i>v.</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> + +<li>essay, <i>n.</i>, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>essential, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><ul> +<li>" <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> +<li>" <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>establish, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a><ul> +<li>" <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>esthetic, <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>esthetical, <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>estimate, <i>v.</i>, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>estimate, <i>n.</i>, <i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>estimation, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a><ul> +<li>" <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ethereal, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>eucharist, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>eulogy, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>euphony, <i>meter</i>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a></li> + +<li>evanescent, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>even, <i>horizontal</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li><i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> +<li>" <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>everlasting, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>ever-living, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li><i>every</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li>everyday, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>evict, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>evidence, <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>evil, <i>a.</i>, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>evil, <i>n.</i>, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exact, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>exacting, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>exaggeration, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>exalt, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>exalted, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li><i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exasperate, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>exasperation, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>excellence, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>excellent, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>except, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>excerpt, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li><i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_529" id="Page_529">[529]</a></span>exchange, <i>v.</i>, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>exchange, <i>n.</i>, <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> + +<li>excite, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>excitement, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>exclaim, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>exculpate, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>exculpation, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>excursion, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>excusable, <i>venial</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>excuse, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>execration, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>execution, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exemplar, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>exemplification, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exempt, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>exemption, <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li><i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exertion, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exhaust, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exhausted, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>exhausting, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>exhibition, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>exigency, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>exile, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>existent, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>existing, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>exonerate, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>exorbitance, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>expand, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>expatiate, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>expatriate, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>expect, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expectancy, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>expectation, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>expediency, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expedite, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>expedition, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>expeditious, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + +<li>expel, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expenditure, <i>expense</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>expense</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>experience, <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expert, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expertness, <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expiate, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>expiation, <i>propitiation</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>expiration, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>expire, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>explanation, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li><i>explicit</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exploit, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + +<li>expose, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>exposition, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>expostulate with, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>express, <i>v.</i>, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>express, <i>a.</i>, <i>explicit</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> + +<li>expression, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> +<li>" <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>expunge, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>exquisite, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>extemporary, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>extempore, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>extend, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> +<li>" <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>extension, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>extensive, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>extent, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>extenuate, <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li><i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>extinguish, <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>extirpate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>extol, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>extract, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li>extraordinary, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>extravagance, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>extravaganza, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>extreme, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>extremity, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>exuberant, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="F" id="F"></a>fabianism, <i>socialism</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>fable, <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fabricate, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>fabrication, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>facetiousness, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>facilitate, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>facility, <i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>facsimile, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a><ul> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fact, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>faction, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>factious, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>factor, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>faculty, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>fade, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>faded, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_530" id="Page_530">[530]</a></span>fadeless, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>fag, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>failure, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a><ul> +<li>" <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>faint-hearted, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>fainting, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>fair, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fairness, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>fair play, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>fairylike, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li><i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a><ul> +<li>" <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> +<li>" article of, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>faithfulness, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><ul> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fall, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>fallacy, <i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>fall out, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>fall upon, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>false, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>falsehood, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>faltering, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li><i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>familiar, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>familiarity, <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>family, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li><i>fanaticism</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li><i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>imagination</i>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fantastic, <i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fantasy, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>imagination</i>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fare, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li><i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>farming, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>fascinating, <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>fashion, <i>v.</i>, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>fashion, <i>n.</i>, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fasten, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>fastening, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>fastidious, <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>fasting, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>fastness, <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>fatality, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>fate, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><ul> +<li>" <i>predestination</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fatigue, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>fatigued, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>fatuity, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>fault, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>faultless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fauna, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>favor, <i>n.</i>, <i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>favorable, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>favored, <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>fealty, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li><i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fearful, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>fearless, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>feat, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> + +<li>feature, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>federation, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fee, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>feeble, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>feed, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>feeling, <i>sensation</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sensibility</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>feign, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>felicitate, <i>congratulate</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>felicitous, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>felicity, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>fellow, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>fellowship, <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>felonious, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>female, <i>feminine</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li><i>feminine</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>ferocious, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>ferret out, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>fervency, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>fervent, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>fervor, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>fetter, <i>v.</i>, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li><i>fetter</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li><i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li><i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fidgety, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li><i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>fiery, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>fight, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>figment, <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>figure, <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> + +<li>fill, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>final cause, <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li>finale, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li><i>financial</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>find, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>find fault, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>find fault with, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>find out, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li><i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> +<li>" <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>finesse, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>finis, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>finish, <i>v.</i>, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>finish, <i>n.</i>, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>finished, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_531" id="Page_531">[531]</a></span><i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>fireside, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>firm, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fiscal, <i>financial</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>fit, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fitted, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>fitting, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fix, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fixed, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>flagitious, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>flame, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fire</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> +<li>" <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>flap, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>flare, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>flash, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><ul> +<li>" <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>flat, <i>horizontal</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>flatter, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>flattery, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>flavorous, <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>flaw, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>fleeting, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>flicker, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>flight, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>fling, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>flippancy, <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>flitting, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li><i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>flog, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>floriculture, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>flourish, <i>v.</i>, <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>flourish, <i>n.</i>, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>flow, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li><i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>fluid</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>flutter, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>flying, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>fodder, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>foe, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>foil, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li><i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>follower, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>folly, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>foment, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>fond, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>fondle, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>fondness, <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li> + +<li><i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>foolhardiness, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>foolish, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>foolishness, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>footmark, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>footpad, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>footprint, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>footstep, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>for, <i>because</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>forage, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>forager, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>forbearance, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forbid, <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> + +<li>force, <i>v.</i>, <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>force, <i>n.</i>, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forces, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>forcible, <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>forebode, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>foreboding, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forecast, <i>v.</i>, <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> + +<li>forecast, <i>n.</i>, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forego, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>foregoing, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>foreign, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>foreigner, <i>alien</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>foreknowledge, <i>predestination</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>foreordination, <i>predestination</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>foresight, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forestall, <i>prevent</i>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a></li> + +<li>foretaste, <i>v.</i>, <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> + +<li>foretaste, <i>n.</i>, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>foretell, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>forethought, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forgive, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forgiveness, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forgiving, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>form, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>formalism, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>former, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li><i>formidable</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>form or system of government, <i>polity</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li> + +<li>formula, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>forsake, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>forswear, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fort, <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>forthwith, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li><i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li><i>fortitude</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><ul> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fortress, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fortuity, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fortune, <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> + +<li>forward, <i>v.</i>, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a><ul> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>forward, <i>a.</i>, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>forwardness, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>foster, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>foul, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>fount, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>fountain, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_532" id="Page_532">[532]</a></span>fraction, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>fractious, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fracture, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>fragment, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>frame, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>franchise, <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>frank, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>frankness, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>fraternity, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li><i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><ul> +<li>" <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fray, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>free, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><ul> +<li>" <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> +<li>" <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>freebooter, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>freedom, <i>liberty</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li> + +<li>free-handed, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>free-hearted, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>freethinker, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>freight, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>frenzy, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>frequent, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fresh, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>fretful, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>fretfulness, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fretting, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> + +<li>friend, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>friendliness, <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li> + +<li><i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a><ul> +<li>" <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fright, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>frightful, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>frisky, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>frolic, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>frolicsome, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>frontier, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>front, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>froward, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li><i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fruit, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>fruitless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>frustrate, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>fugitive, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>fulfil, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fulfilment, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>full, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>fun, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>function, <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>fundamental, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>funds, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>funny, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>furious, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>furnish, <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>further, <i>v.</i>, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a><ul> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>further, <i>adv.</i>, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>fury, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>fusion, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li>futile, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="G" id="G"></a>gabble, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>gage, <i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>gaiety, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a><ul> +<li>" <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gain, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li> +<li>" <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gallant, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>gallantry, <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>gang, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>garb, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>gardening, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>garments, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>garnish, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li><i>garrulous</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>gas, <i>fluid</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>gate, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>gateway, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>gather, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gathering, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>gauzy, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>gawky, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>gay, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gaze, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li><i>gender</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li><i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>generosity, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li><i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>genial, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>genius</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><ul> +<li>" <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>genteel, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>gentle, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> +<li>" <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gentleness, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>genuine, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> +<li>" <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>get to, <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>gibe, <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li><i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a><ul> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gifted, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>gigantic, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>gild, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>girlish, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533">[533]</a></span><i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>give instruction, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>give lessons, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>given, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>given over <i>or</i> up, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>give notice of, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>give oneself up, <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>give out, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>give over, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>give up, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>glad, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>gladness, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>glance, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>glare, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glaring, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>gleam, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>gleaming, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glimmer, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glistening, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glistering, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glitter, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>gloomy, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>glory, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>gloss over, <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>glow, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>glowing, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>glut, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>glutinous, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>goal, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>go after, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>go astray, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>godliness, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>gold, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>good, <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a><ul> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>good-by, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>good-natured, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>goodness, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>good will, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gossip, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li><i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>government, form or system of, <i>polity</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li> + +<li>government, seat of, <i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>grace, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li><i>graceful</i>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gracious, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><ul> +<li>" <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>grade, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>gradual, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>grain, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>grand, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>grant, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> +<li>" <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> +<li>" <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>grasp, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>grateful, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>gratification, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>gratify, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>gratifying, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>gratuity, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>gray, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>great, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>greedy, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>greet, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li><i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>grievance, <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li>grieve, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>grip, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>gripe, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>grotesque, <i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ground, <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>group, <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a><ul> +<li>" <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>growl, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>growth, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a><ul> +<li>" <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>grudge, <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>gruff, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>grumble, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>grunt, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>guard, <i>v.</i>, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>guard, <i>n.</i>, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>guess, <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><ul> +<li>" <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>guile, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>guileless, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>guilt, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>guiltless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>guilty, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>gummy, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>gyves, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="H" id="H"></a>habiliments, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li><i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>habitation, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>habitual, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>habituated, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>habitude, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>hail, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>hale, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>half-hearted, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>hallowed, <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>hallucination, <i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> +<li>" <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hamper, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>handcuffs, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>handicraft, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>handsome, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>handy, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li>hankering, <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_534" id="Page_534">[534]</a></span>hap, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + +<li><i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>happening, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> + +<li><i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li><i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> +<li>" <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>harangue, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>harass, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>harbor, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hard, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a><ul> +<li>" <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hardihood, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><ul> +<li>" <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hardship, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>hark, <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>harken, <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>harm, <i>v.</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>harm, <i>n.</i>, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>harmful, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>harmonize, <i>agree</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li><i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><ul> +<li>" <i>melody</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>harness, <i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><ul> +<li>" <i>caparison</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>harsh, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>harshness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li><i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvest-feast, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvest-festival, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvest-home, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvesting, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvest-tide, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>harvest-time, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>hasp, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>hasten, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>hastiness, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>hatch, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>hate, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>haughtiness, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>haughty, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>haul, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li><i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> + +<li>havoc, <i>massacre</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li><i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a><ul> +<li>" <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> +<li>" <i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hazardous, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>head, <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>headstrong, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>heady, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>heal, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>healthful, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li><i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>heap up, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>hear, <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>hearth, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>hearthstone, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>hearty, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>heed, <i>v.</i>, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><ul> +<li>" <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>heed, <i>n.</i>, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>heedless, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>heedlessness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a><ul> +<li>" <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>heel over, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li><i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>helper, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>helpmate, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>hence, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>henchman, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>herald, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>herd, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>heresiarch, <i>heretic</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li><i>heretic</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>heroic, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>heroism, <i>fortitude</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hesitancy, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>hesitate, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>hesitation, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li><i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><ul> +<li>" <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hidden, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a><ul> +<li>" <i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>highroad, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>highway, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>highwayman, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li><i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> +<li>" <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hindrance, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hint, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><ul> +<li>" <i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hire, <i>v.</i>, <i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li>hire, <i>n.</i>, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>hireling, <i>venal</i>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a></li> + +<li><i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hitherto, <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> + +<li>hoard, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>hoary, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>hoidenish, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>hold, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> +<li>" <i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hold back, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>hold dear, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>hold in, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>hold up, <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li>holiness, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li><i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>homage, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li><i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>homogeneous, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li><i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535">[535]</a></span>" <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>honesty, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>honor, <i>v.</i>, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>honor, <i>n.</i>, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a><ul> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>honorable, <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>honorarium, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>hook, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>hope, <i>v.</i>, <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> + +<li>hope, <i>n.</i>, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>hopelessness, <i>despair</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> + +<li><i>horizontal</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>horrible, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>horrific, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>horror, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>horticulture, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>host, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>" <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hostile, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>hostility, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>hot, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>house, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>housings, <i>caparison</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>howbeit, <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>however, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>huge, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>hum, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>human, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li><i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>humanity, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>humble, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>humiliate, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>humiliation, <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>humor, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>hunting, <i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>hurl, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>hurry, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>hurt, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>hurtful, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>husbandry, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>hygienic, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li><i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><ul> +<li>" <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li><i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="I" id="I"></a><i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>identical, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>idiom, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li><i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ignite, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li><i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ill, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>ill-advised, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>ill-considered, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>ill-defined, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>ill-doing, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>illegal, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>ill-fortune, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>ill-humored, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>illimitable, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>ill-informed, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>illiterate, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>ill-judged, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>ill luck, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>ill-matched, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>ill-natured, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>illness, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>ill-treat, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>illumination, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>ill-use, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>illusion, <i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>illustrate, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>illustration, <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ill-will, <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>image, <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>imagination</i>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imaginative, <i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li>imagine, <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li>imbecility, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>imbibe, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>imbruted, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>imitate, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>imitation, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><ul> +<li>" <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>immaculate, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>immanent, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>immature, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>immeasurable, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li><i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>immemorial, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a><ul> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>immense, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>immerge, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li><i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>immigrate, <i>emigrate</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li><i>imminent</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>immobility, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>immoral, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>immorality, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>immortal, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>immovable, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>immunity, <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>immutable, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_536" id="Page_536">[536]</a></span>impact, <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>impairment, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>impart, <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>impartial, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>impartiality, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>impassibility, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>impatience, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>impatient, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impeach, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>impede, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li>impel, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impending, <i>imminent</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>imperative, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>imperfection, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>imperious, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imperishable, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>impertinence, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impertinent, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imperturbable, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>impetuous, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>implement, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>implicate, <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>implication, <i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>implore, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imply, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><ul> +<li>" <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impolite, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>importunate, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>importune, <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li> + +<li>impose on, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>imposing, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>imposition, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impostor, <i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>imposture, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imprecation, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>impressibility, <i>sensibility</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> + +<li>impression, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>imprisonment, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>impromptu, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>improve, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>improvement, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>improvised, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li><i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> +<li>" <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> +<li>" <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>impulse, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li>impulsive, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>impute, <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>inactive, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>in addition, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>inadvertence, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>inapposite, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>inappropriate, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inasmuch as, <i>because</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>inattention, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>inattentive, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>inauguration, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>inborn, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>inbred, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>incandescence, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>incapacity, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li>inception, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>incessant, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>incident, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>incinerate, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><ul> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>incipience, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>incite, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>incivility, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li>inclination, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>incline, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> +<li>" <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inclined, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>include, <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>incommensurable, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>incomparable, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>incompatible, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>incomprehensible, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inconclusive, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li><i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>inconsiderate, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>inconsistency, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>inconsistent, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>inconstant, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>incorrect, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>incorrupt, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>incorruptible, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> + +<li>increase, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> +<li>" <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> +<li>" <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>incredulity, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>incubus, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>inculcate, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>incursion, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>indecision, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>indefinite, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>indemnity, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>independence, <i>liberty</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a></li> + +<li>indeterminate, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>indicate, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>indication, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>indict, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>indifference, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_537" id="Page_537">[537]</a></span>indifferent, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>indigence, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>indigenous, <i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a><ul> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>indignation, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>indispensable, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>indispensability, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>indispensable, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>indispensableness, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>indisposed, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>indisposition, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>indistinct, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>individually, <i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>indoctrinate, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>indolent, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>indomitable, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>indubitable, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>induce, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><ul> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>induction</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a><ul> +<li>" <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a><ul> +<li>" <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>indwelling, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>ineffectual, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>inelegant, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>inequality, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>inert, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inevitable, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>inexorable, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>inexplicable, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>infallible, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>infatuated, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>infect, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>infection, <i>contagion</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>inference, <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>induction</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>infidel, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>infirmity, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li><i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>infixed, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>inflexible, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inform, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><ul> +<li>" <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>information, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>informed, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>infrequent, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>infringement, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>ingathering, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>ingenious, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ingenuity, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> + +<li>ingenuous, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ingenuousness, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>ingleside, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>ingrained, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><ul> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ingredient, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>ingress, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>inhabit, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>inharmonious, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li><i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>inhering, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>inhibit, <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> + +<li>inhuman, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>iniquitous, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>iniquity, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>initiate, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>initiation, beginning, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>injunction, <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> + +<li>injure, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>injurious, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li><i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><ul> +<li>" <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> +<li>" <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inlet, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>in like manner, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>innate, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><ul> +<li>" <i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>innocuous, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li>innovation, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>innoxious, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li>innuendo, <i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>innumerable, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>inoffensive, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li>inquiring, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>inquisition, <i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li><i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>insalubrious, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li><i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>inscription, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>inscrutable, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>insecure, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>insecurity, <i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a></li> + +<li>insensibility, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> +<li>" <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>insensible, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>inseparable, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>insight, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>insinuate, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>insinuation, <i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>insolence, <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inspect, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>inspection, <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>inspiration, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>in spite of, <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>prep.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>instalment, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>instance, <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>instanter, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>instantly, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>instigate, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_538" id="Page_538">[538]</a></span>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>instill, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>instinct, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>instinctive, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>instruct, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>instruction, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><ul> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>instrument, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><ul> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> +<li>" <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>insubordinate, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>insubordination, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>insult, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>insurrection, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>integrity, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intellect, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>intellectual, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>intelligence, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intelligent, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intelligible, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>intemperance, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>intense, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>intensity, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>intent, <i>a.</i>, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>intent, <i>n.</i>, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intention, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intentness, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>inter, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li>intercede, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>intercept, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>interchangeable, <i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intercourse, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>interdict, <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> + +<li>interest, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>interfere, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>intermeddle, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>interminable, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a><ul> +<li>" <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intermission, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>intermit, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>internal, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li><i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>interpretation, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>interrupt, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>in the midst of, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>intimacy, <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>intimate, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>intimation, <i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>intimidate, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>intolerance, <i>fanaticism</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>intractable, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> +<li>" <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intrepid, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>intrepidity, <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>intricate, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intrinsic, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>introduce, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>introduction, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>introductory, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>intrusion, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>intrusive, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><ul> +<li>" <i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>intrusiveness, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li>intuition, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>intuitive, <i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>invade, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>invariable, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>invasion, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>inveigle, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>invent, <i>discover</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>invention, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inventory, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>invoke, <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li> + +<li>involuntary, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li><i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>involved, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>inwrought, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> + +<li>iota, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>irate, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>ire, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>irons, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>irony, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>irrational, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>irreconcilable, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>irresolute, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>irresolution, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>irresponsible, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>irrelevant, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>irritate, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>irritation, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>issue, <i>v.</i>, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>issue, <i>n.</i>, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>item, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="J" id="J"></a>jabber, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>jade, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>jam, <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>jar, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>jealous, <i>envious</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>jeer, <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>jeering, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>jeopardy, <i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>jest, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>job, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>jocularity, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>jocund, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>joggle, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>join on, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>joint, <i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>joke, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>jolly, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>jolt, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>jot, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>jounce, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li><i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>joy, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>joyful, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>joyous, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_539" id="Page_539">[539]</a></span><i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> + +<li>judgment, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>judicious, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>judiciousness, <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>jumble, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>junction, <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li>juncture, <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li>junto, <i>cabal</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>jurisprudence, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>just, <i>a.</i>, <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>just, <i>adv.</i>, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li><i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><ul> +<li>" <i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>justification, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>justness, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>juvenile, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a><ul> +<li>" <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="K" id="K"></a>keen, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> +<li>" <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>keenness, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>keen-sighted, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>keen-witted, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li><i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>celebrate</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>keep back, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>keep down, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>keep in, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>keep under, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>keep up, <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li><i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li><i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>kind, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> +<li>" <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> +<li>" <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>kind-hearted, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>kind-heartedness, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>kindle, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>kindliness, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>kindly, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>kindness, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>kindred, <i>a.</i>, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>kindred, <i>n.</i>, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>kinglike, <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>kingly, <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>kiss, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>kitchen-gardening, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>knack, <i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>knock, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>knowing, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><ul> +<li>" <i>acquaintance</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>science</i>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="L" id="L"></a>labor, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a><ul> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>laborious, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>lacerate, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>laconic, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>lading, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>lament, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>lamentable, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>lance, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>land, <i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>landmark, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>lane, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li><i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a><ul> +<li>" <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> +<li>" <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>languid, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li><i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>largess, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>lascivious, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>lash, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>lasting, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>latch, <i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>late, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>laudation, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>laughable, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>launch, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>laurels, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>lave, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>lavish, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>lavishness, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li><i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lawfulness, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>lawlessness, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>lay, <i>put</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>lay hold of, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>lazy, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>lead, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><ul> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>league, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li>lean, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>learner, <i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>learning, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>leave, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>leave-off, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>leave-taking, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>legality, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>legate, <i>delegate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>legend, <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><ul> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>legions, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>legislation, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>legitimate, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>leisure, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>lengthen, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>lenience, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>leniency, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a><ul> +<li>" <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lenity, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>lessen, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>let, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_540" id="Page_540">[540]</a></span>let go, <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>lethargy, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>level, <i>horizontal</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li>liable, <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>libel, <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>liberal, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>liberality, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>liberate, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li><i>liberty</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> +<li>" <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>license, <i>liberty</i>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a><ul> +<li>" <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> +<li>" <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lie, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>life, <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>life, public, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>lift, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> + +<li>light, <i>a.</i>, <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li><i>light</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lighten, <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + +<li>like, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><ul> +<li>" <i>apparent</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>likeness, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> +<li>" <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>likewise, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>liking, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>limit, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>limitless, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>limpid, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>line, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>line of achievement, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>line of battle, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>lingering, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>liquid, <i>fluid</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>list, <i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a><ul> +<li>" <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>listen</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> + +<li>listless, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>literal, <i>verbal</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> + +<li>literary productions, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>literary works, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li><i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>litter, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>little, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>live, <i>v.</i>, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>live, <i>a.</i>, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>liveliness, <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>lively, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>living, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>living creature, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>living organism, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li><i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>loath, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>loathe, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><i>lock</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>lodge, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lofty, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>loneliness, <i>retirement</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>long, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>longing, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>long-suffering, <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li> + +<li><i>look</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appear</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>look, <i>n.</i>, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>look forward to, <i>anticipate</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li> + +<li>loquacious, <i>garrulous</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>lordly, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>Lord's Supper, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li> + +<li>lore, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>loss, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>lot, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lovable, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li><i>love</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a><ul> +<li>" <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>love, <i>n.</i>, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lovely, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>loving, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lower, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> +<li>" <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lower classes, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>loyal, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> + +<li>loyalty, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li>lucid, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>lucky, <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ludicrous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>lunacy, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>lure, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>luscious, <i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>lust, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li>luster, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>luxuriant, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>lying, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="M" id="M"></a>machination, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>machine, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>madness, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>magisterial, <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>magnanimous, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>magnificent, <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>mail, <i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li>maintain, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>majestic, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a><ul> +<li>" <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>make better, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>make haste, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>make known, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541">[541]</a></span>make out, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>make prisoner, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>make up, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>make use of, <i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li>make void, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>make white, <i>bleach</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>maladroit, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>malady, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>male, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>malediction, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>malevolence, <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>malice, <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>malign, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>malignity, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>maltreat, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>manacles, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>manage, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>manageable, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>management, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a><ul> +<li>" <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mandate, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>maneuver, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>manful, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>mangle, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>mania, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>manifest, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>manifestation, <i>revelation</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>manifold, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>manlike, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>manly, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>manner, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>manners, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>behavior</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mannish, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>manufacture, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>marauder, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>marches, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>marge, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>margin, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>marine, <i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>maritime, <i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>mark, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>market-gardening, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li><i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li><i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li>mask, <i>v.</i>, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li>mask, <i>n.</i>, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>mass, <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li><i>massacre</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a><ul> +<li>" <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>masses, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>massive, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>master, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mastery, <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>mate, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>material, <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>matrimony, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>matter, <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>maxim, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>means, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>measure, <i>meter</i>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a></li> + +<li>measureless, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>mechanic, <i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>mechanism, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>meddle, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li><i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a><ul> +<li>" <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>meddling, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a><ul> +<li>" <i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mediate, <i>interpose</i>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> + +<li>meditate, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>meet, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>meeting, <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>melancholy, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>meliorate, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li><i>melody</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> + +<li>member, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>memoir, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>memorandum, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>memorial, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a><ul> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>memorials, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li><i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>mend, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>mendicancy, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>mention, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>mercenary, <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venal</i>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>merciful, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a><ul> +<li>" <i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>merciless, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li><i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> +<li>" <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mere, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>merely, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>merriment, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>merry, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>metamorphose, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>metaphor, <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + +<li>mete out, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li><i>meter</i>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a><ul> +<li>" <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>method, <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li> + +<li>metrical composition, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>metropolis, <i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>middle, <i>center</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> + +<li>midst, <i>center</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a><ul> +<li>" (in the midst of), <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mien, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>might, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>migrate, <i>emigrate</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li>mildness, <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>military, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>mimicry, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li><i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>mingled, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a><ul> +<li>" <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_542" id="Page_542">[542]</a></span>mingled with, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li><i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>miraculous, <i>supernatural</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>mirth, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>mirthful, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>misadventure, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>miscellaneous, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>mischance, <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mischief, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>mischievous, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>misdeed, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>misemploy, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>miserable, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>miserly, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>miserliness, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>misery, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li><i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a><ul> +<li>" <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> +<li>" <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>" <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>misgiving, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mishap, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mislay, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>mismatched, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>mismated, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>misplace, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>mistaken, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>mistrust, <i>doubt</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>misuse, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>mite, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>mitigate, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> +<li>" <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mixed, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>mobile, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + +<li>mock, <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>mockery, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>mode, <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li> + +<li><i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a><ul> +<li>" <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>moderate, <i>v.</i>, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>moderate, <i>a.</i>, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>moderation, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>modern, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li><i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>modify, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>mold, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mold, <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>molder, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>molecule, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>molest, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>mollify, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>momentary, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>monetary, <i>financial</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li><i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>monomania, <i>insanity</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>monstrous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>mood, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li>mop, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>morality, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>moreover, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li><i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a><ul> +<li>" <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>moroseness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>mortification, <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>mortify, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>mother tongue, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li><i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a><ul> +<li>" <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>motive, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>motto, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li><i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>mournful, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>mourning, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>move, <i>v.</i>, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>move, <i>n.</i>, <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>movement, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mover, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>moving, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>muddy, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>mulish, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>multiform, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>multitude, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>" <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>munificence, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>munificent, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a><ul> +<li>" <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>muniment, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>muniments, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>murder, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>murky, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>murmur, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><ul> +<li>" <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>music, <i>melody</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> + +<li>muster, <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>mutation, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>mute, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>mutinous, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mutiny, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li><i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li><i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li>" <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>mystic, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>mystical, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>myth, <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><ul> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="N" id="N"></a>naive, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li><i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a><ul> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>narration, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[543]</a></span>narrative, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>natal, <i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>nation, <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li><i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a><ul> +<li>" <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>natty, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>natural, <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a><ul> +<li>" <i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> +<li>" <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>nature, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> + +<li>nauseate, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>naval, <i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>near, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>nearness, <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li><i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a><ul> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> +<li>" <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>necessitate, <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li> + +<li><i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><ul> +<li>" <i>predestination</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>need, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><ul> +<li>" <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>needed, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>needful, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>nefarious, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li><i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>neglectfulness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>negligence, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>negligent, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>negotiate, <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> + +<li>neighborhood, <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li>neighboring, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>neighborly, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>neophyte, <i>convert</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> + +<li>never-ending, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>never-failing, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>nevertheless, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>new-fangled, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>new-fashioned, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>new-made, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>next, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>nice, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> +<li>" <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>niggardly, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>nigh, <i>adjacent</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li><i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a><ul> +<li>" <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>noble, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> +<li>" <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>noise, <i>sound</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>noisome, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>non-conformist, <i>heretic</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>non-homogeneous, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>nonsensical, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li><i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a><ul> +<li>" <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>note, <i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> +<li>" <i>sound</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>notes, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>notify, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>notion, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> + +<li>notoriety, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li><i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>prep.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li><i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a><ul> +<li>" <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>nourish, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>nourishment, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>novel, <i>a.</i>, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>novel, <i>n.</i>, <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a><ul> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>novelty, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>novice, <i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li>now, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a><ul> +<li>" <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>noxious, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>nugatory, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>nuisance, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>null, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>nullify, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>number, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>numberless, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>numbers, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>nuptials, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>nurse, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>nurture, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>nutriment, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>nutrition, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="O" id="O"></a><i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>obdurate, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>obedience, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li>obedient, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>obey, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obiter dictum, <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>object, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>objective, <i>subjective</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>objurgation, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>obligation, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>oblige, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>compel</i>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obliging, <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a><ul> +<li>" <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obliterate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>oblivion, <i>pardon</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>oblivious, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li><i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a><ul> +<li>" <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> +<li>" <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> +<li>" <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> +<li>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>observance, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>observation, <i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>observe, <i>celebrate</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> +<li>" <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obsolescent, <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[544]</a></span><i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>obstacle, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> +<li>" <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obstruction, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impediment</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obtain, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>obtrusive, <i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> + +<li>obtuseness, <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>obviate, <i>prevent</i>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a></li> + +<li>obvious, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>occasion, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>occult, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>occupation, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>occupied, <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> + +<li>occupy, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>occur, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>occurrence, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ocean, <i>a.</i>, <i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>oceanic, <i>nautical</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> + +<li>odd, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>offend, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>offense, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> +<li>" <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>offer, <i>v.</i>, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>offer, <i>n.</i>, <i>proposal</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> + +<li>offhand, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>office, <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>officious, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>meddlesome</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>officiousness, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li><i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>olden, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>old-fashioned, <i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>omen, <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>omission, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>oneness, <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li>onerous, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>only, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>onset, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>onslaught, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>on the alert, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>on the lookout, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>on the watch, <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> + +<li>opaque, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>open, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>open-handed, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>open-hearted, <i>generous</i>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> + +<li>opening, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><ul> +<li>" <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a><ul> +<li>" <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>operative, <i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>operator, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>opinion, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>opinionated, <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>opponent, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li>oppose, <i>contrast</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>opposed, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>opposition, <i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a><ul> +<li>" <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> +<li>" <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>oppress, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>option, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>oral, <i>verbal</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> + +<li>oration, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>oratory, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li><i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a><ul> +<li>" <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>" <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> +<li>" <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> +<li>" <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>orderly, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>order of battle, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>ordinance, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ordinary, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>organic, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>origin, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>original, <i>a.</i>, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>native</i>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>original, <i>n.</i>, <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> +<li>" <i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>originator, <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> + +<li>ornament, <i>adorn</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> + +<li>oscillate, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ostracize, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li><i>ought</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>oust, <i>banish</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>outcome, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>outgo, <i>expense</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> + +<li>outgrowth, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>outlandish, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>outlay, <i>expense</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>outline, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>out of date, <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>outrage, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li> + +<li>outset, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>overawe, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_545" id="Page_545">[545]</a></span>overbearing, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>overcome, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>over-confidence, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>overflowing, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>overlook, <i>pardon</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>overmaster, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>overmatch, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>overplus, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>overpower, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li><i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>overt, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>overtake, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>overthrow, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> +<li>" <i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> +<li>" <i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>overture, <i>proposal</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> + +<li>overturn, <i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>overwhelm, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>involve</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>own, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="P" id="P"></a>pabulum, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>pacify, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>pack, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a><ul> +<li>" <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pact, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>pageant, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>pageantry, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li><i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>pains, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>palaver, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li><i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>palpable, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>paltry, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>pamper, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>panegyric, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>pang, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>panic, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>parable, <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + +<li>parade, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>paradox, <i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>paradoxical, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>parapet, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>paraphrase, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li>parcel, <i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li><i>pardon</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a><ul> +<li>" <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>pardon</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pardonable, <i>venial</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>parity, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>parley, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>parody, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>paroxysm, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>parsimonious, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>parsimoniousness, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>parsimony, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li><i>part</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> +<li>" <i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>partiality, <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li><i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>particular, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>participation, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>participator, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>parting salutation, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>partisan, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>partner, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><ul> +<li>" <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>partnership, <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pass, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>passage, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><ul> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> +<li>" <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>passage of arms, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>passageway, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>pass by, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>passing, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>passion, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> +<li>" <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pass over, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>pastime, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>pastoral, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>patent, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>path, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>pathetic, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>pathway, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li><i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a><ul> +<li>" <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>patois, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li>patriarchal, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a><ul> +<li>" <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pattern, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pauperism, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>pause, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>payment, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>pay off, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>peace, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>peaceful, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>peacefulness, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>peculiar, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>peculiarity, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>pecuniary, <i>financial</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>peeping, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>peer, <i>associate</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>peevishness, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>pellucid, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>penetrating, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>penetration, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>penetrative, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> + +<li>penitence, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>pension, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>penurious, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>penury, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_546" id="Page_546">[546]</a></span><i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>people, dregs of the, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li><i>perceive</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>perceptible, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> + +<li>perception, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sensation</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>peremptory, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>perennial, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li><i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>perform, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a><ul> +<li>" <i>execute</i>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> +<li>" <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>performance, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>performer, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>peril, <i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>perilous, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>period, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a><ul> +<li>" <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>periphrasis, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>perish, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li><i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li><i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>permit, <i>a.</i>, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><ul> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>permit, <i>n.</i>, <i>permission</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li><i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>perpetrate, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>perpetual, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a><ul> +<li>" <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> +<li>" <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>perplexing, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li><i>perplexity</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>persecute, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>perseverance, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>persistence, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>persistent, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>personality, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> + +<li>perspicacious, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>perspicacity, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>perspicuous, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li><i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pertinacious, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li><i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>pervert, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>perverting, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>pestiferous, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>pestilential, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>pet, <i>caress</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>petition, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pettishness, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>petulance, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>petulant, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>phalanx, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>phantasm, <i>delusion</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li>phantasy, <i>imagination</i>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a></li> + +<li>pharisaism, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>philanthropy, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>phlegm, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>phrase, <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><ul> +<li>" <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>phraseology, <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li><i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>pick, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><ul> +<li>" <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pick out, <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>picture, <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>picturesque, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + +<li>piece, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>pietism, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a><ul> +<li>" <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>piety, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>pile up, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>pilgrimage, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>pillager, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>piquant, <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li><i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>pirate, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>piteous, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>pithy, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>pitiable, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li><i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li><i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pitying, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>place, <i>put</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>placid, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>plagiarize, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li>plague, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>plain, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a><ul> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>plain-spoken, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>plan, <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>plane, <i>horizontal</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> + +<li><i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>plaudit, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>playfulness, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>plea, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li><i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> +<li>" <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> +<li>" <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pleasantry, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>please, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>pleased, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>pleasing, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pleasurable, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pleasant</i>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pleasure, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pledge, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_547" id="Page_547">[547]</a></span>" <i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>plenteous, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li><i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>pleonasm, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>pliable, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>pliant, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>plunderer, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>plunge, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>poem, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>poesy, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li><i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>point, <i>v.</i>, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>point, <i>n.</i>, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>poisonous, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>policy, <i>polity</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li> + +<li>polished, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>politeness, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>polity</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a><ul> +<li>" <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pollute, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>pommel, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>pomp, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>pomposity, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>pompousness, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>ponder, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>populace, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>popular, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>population, <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>port, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>portal, <i>entrance</i>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> + +<li>portend, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>portentous, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li><i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a><ul> +<li>" <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>portion out, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> + +<li>pose, <i>attitude</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>position, <i>attitude</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><ul> +<li>" <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>positive, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>possess, <i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> + +<li>possession, be in, <i>have</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> + +<li>possibility, <i>accident</i>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><ul> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>postulate, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>posture, <i>attitude</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li> + +<li>pound, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li><i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li><i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>practise, <i>v.</i>, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>practise, <i>n.</i>, <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a><ul> +<li>" <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>practised, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li><i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>prate, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>prattle, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li><i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>precaution, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>precedent, <i>a.</i>, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li><i>precedent</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>" <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>preceding, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>precept, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>precious, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>precipitancy, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>precipitation, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>precipitous, <i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li> + +<li>precise, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>preclude, <i>prevent</i>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>preconception, <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li><i>predestination</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>predicate, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>predict, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>predilection, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li>prefer, <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>preference, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li><i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>preliminary, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>premium, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>prenomen, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>preoccupied, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>prepared, <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> + +<li>prepossession, <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>preposterous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prerogative, <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>presage, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prescience, <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>present, <i>gift</i>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> + +<li>presentiment, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>presently, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>preserve, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>press, <i>v.</i>, <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>press, <i>n.</i>, <i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>press forward, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>prestige, <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>presumable, <i>apparent</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a><ul> +<li>" <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>presume, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>presumption, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> +<li>" <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> +<li>" <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pretend, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>pretender, <i>hypocrite</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li><i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pretension, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>preternatural, <i>supernatural</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>pretext, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>pretty, <i>beautiful</i>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> + +<li>prevail, <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>prevailing, <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li>prevail over, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>prevail upon, <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>prevalent, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prevarication, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li><i>prevent</i>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_548" id="Page_548">[548]</a></span><i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>prevision, <i>anticipation</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li><i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li><i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>prim, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>primal, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>primary, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>prime, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li><i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>primitive, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a><ul> +<li>" <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>primordial, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>princely, <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>principle, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prior, <i>previous</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> + +<li>pristine, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>privacy, <i>retirement</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>privation, <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>privilege, <i>right</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>prize, <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> + +<li>probable, <i>apparent</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a><ul> +<li>" <i>likely</i>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>probity, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>problem, <i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>procedure, <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> + +<li>proceed, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>proceeding, <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>proceeds, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a><ul> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>process, <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>proclaim, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>proclivity, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>procrastinate, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>procrastinating, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>procure, <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><ul> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prodigality, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>produce, <i>v.</i>, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>produce, <i>n.</i>, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li>product, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a><ul> +<li>" <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>production, <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> + +<li>profane swearing, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>profanity, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>profess, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> + +<li>profession, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>proficiency, <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li> + +<li>proficient, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li><i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>profitless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>profound, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>profundity, <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>profuse, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>profusion, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>prognostic, <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>prognosticate, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li><i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li> + +<li>progression, <i>progress</i>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a></li> + +<li><i>prohibit</i>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prohibition, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>project, <i>v.</i>, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>project, <i>n.</i>, <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li>prolixity, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>prolong, <i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>promise, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li><i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>promoter, <i>agent</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><ul> +<li>" <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prompt, <i>v.</i>, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> + +<li>prompt, <i>a.</i>, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>promulgate, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>prone, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>proneness, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li>pronounce, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>proof, <i>demonstration</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a><ul> +<li>" <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prop, <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li>propel, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>propensity, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><ul> +<li>" <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>proper, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>property, <i>attribute</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prophesy, <i>augur</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> + +<li>propinquity, <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li><i>propitiation</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li><i>propitious</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>proportion, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>proposal</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>propose</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> + +<li>proposition, <i>proposal</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a><ul> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>propound, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prosecute, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>proselyte, <i>convert</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> + +<li>prosper, <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>prospered, <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>prosperous, <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prostitute, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>protect, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>protection, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>protest, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prototype, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>protract</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>proud, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>prove, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>provender, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li><i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>provided, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>providence, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_549" id="Page_549">[549]</a></span>provoke, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li><i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>proxy, <i>delegate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li><i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>prying, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>public, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a><ul> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>publications, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>public life, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>publish, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>puerile, <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li> + +<li>pull, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>pungent, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>punish, <i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>pupil, <i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>purchasable, <i>venal</i>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a></li> + +<li><i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li> + +<li><i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>purify, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>purity, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>purloin, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>purpose, <i>v.</i>, <i>propose</i>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> + +<li>purpose, <i>n.</i>, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>purposeless, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>pursue, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>pursuit, <i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>push, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>put</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>put down, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>put on, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>putrefy, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>put to death, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>put up with, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>puzzle, <i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="Q" id="Q"></a>quaint, <i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>quake, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>qualification, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>qualified, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li>qualify, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>quality, <i>attribute</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>quarrel, <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> + +<li>quash, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>quaver, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li><i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>question, <i>v.</i>, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>question, <i>n.</i>, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a><ul> +<li>" <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>questionable, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li> + +<li>quick, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>quick of scent, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>quick-scented, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>quick-witted, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>quiescence, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>quiet, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>quietness, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>quietude, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>quit, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>quiver, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li><i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="R" id="R"></a>rabble, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>race, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a><ul> +<li>" <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> +<li>" <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li><i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>rage, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li>raging, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>raider, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>rail at, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>raillery, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>raiment, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>raise, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>ramble, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>rampart, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rancor, <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>range, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>rank, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>rap, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>rapacious, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>rapture, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rapturous, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li><i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obsolete</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rashness, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>rate, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>ratify, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>ratiocination, <i>reasoning</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> + +<li>rational, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>ravish, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>raze, <i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> + +<li><i>reach</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>readiness, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><ul> +<li>" <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a></li> +<li>" <i>ease</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reading, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>ready, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a><ul> +<li>" <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reality, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>realize, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>reanimate, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>reaping, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_550" id="Page_550">[550]</a></span><i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li><i>reason</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>" <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reasonableness, <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li><i>reasoning</i>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a></li> + +<li>rebellion, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li><i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rebuke, <i>v.</i>, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>rebuke, <i>n.</i>, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>recalcitrant, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>recall, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>recant, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>receipts, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li> + +<li>receive, <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> + +<li>received, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>recent, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>reciprocal, <i>mutual</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>reciprocate, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>recital, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>recite, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li>recklessness, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>reckon, <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> + +<li>recognition, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>recognize, <i>confess</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a><ul> +<li>" <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>recollection, <i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>recompense, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reconciliation, <i>propitiation</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>recondite, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li><i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a><ul> +<li>" <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> +<li>" <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>recreate, <i>entertain</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> + +<li>recreation, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>recruit, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>rectify, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>rectitude, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>recuperate, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>redoubted, <i>formidable</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>reduce, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> +<li>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>redundance, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>redundancy, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reel, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>refer, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attribute</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>referee, <i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> + +<li>refine, <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>refined, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li><i>refinement</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>reflect, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>reflection, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>reform, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>refractory, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>refrain, <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a><ul> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>refreshing, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>refuse, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li><i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> + +<li>regain, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>regal, <i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>regard, <i>v.</i>, <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a><ul> +<li>" <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>regard, <i>n.</i>, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> +<li>" <i>friendship</i>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>regeneration, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>regimen, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>register, <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a><ul> +<li>" <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>regret, <i>v.</i>, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>regret, <i>n.</i>, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>regular, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a><ul> +<li>" <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> +<li>" <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>regularity, <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li> + +<li>regulation, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>rehearsal, <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>reign over, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>reject, <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>rejoiced, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>rejoicing, <i>a.</i>, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>rejoicing, <i>n.</i>, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a></li> + +<li>rejoinder, <i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>relation, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>relationship, <i>kin</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>release, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>relegate, <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>relentless, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li><i>reliable</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a><ul> +<li>" <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reliance, <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>relieve, <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> + +<li><i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>relinquish, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>relish, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li><i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>remain, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>remains, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>remarkable, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>remembrance, <i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>reminiscence, <i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>remission, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>remissness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>remit, <i>pardon</i>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a></li> + +<li>remnant, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>remonstrate, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>remorse, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>remote, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>remove, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_551" id="Page_551">[551]</a></span>" <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> +<li>" <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> +<li>" <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>remunerate, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>remuneration, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li><i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a><ul> +<li>" <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>render, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>rendering, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>renewal, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>renewing, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li><i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>renown, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>repair, <i>amend</i>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> + +<li>repartee, <i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>repay, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>repeal, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>repeat, <i>quote</i>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> + +<li>repel, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>refute</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>repine, <i>complain</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>replete, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>replica, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> + +<li>reply, <i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>report, <i>v.</i>, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li><i>report</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>repose, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>repossess, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>reprehend, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>reprehension, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>representation, <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>representative, <i>delegate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>repress, <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>reprimand, <i>v.</i>, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>reprimand, <i>n.</i>, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>reproach, <i>v.</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reproach, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reprobate, <i>v.</i>, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> + +<li>reprobation, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>reproduction, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> + +<li><i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>reproval, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li><i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><ul> +<li>" <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>repudiate, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>repugnance, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>repugnant, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>repulse, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>repulsion, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>reputation, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>repute, <i>fame</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>request, <i>v.</i>, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>require, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>required, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>requirement, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>requisite, <i>a.</i>, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><ul> +<li>" <i>order</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>requisite, <i>n.</i>, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>requital, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a><ul> +<li>" <i>revenge</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>rescind, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>resemblance, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>resembling, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>resentful, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>resentment, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li> +<li>" <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reserve, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reserved, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>reside, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>residence, <i>home</i>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a></li> + +<li>resign, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>resignation, <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li> + +<li>resist, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>resistance, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>resolute, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>resolution, <i>fortitude</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>resolved, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>resource, <i>alternative</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>respect, <i>v.</i>, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>respect, <i>n.</i>, <i>esteem</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>response, <i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>responsibility, <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>rest, <i>v.</i>, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><i>rest</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>restiff, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li><i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>restless, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>restore, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li><i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><ul> +<li>" <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>" <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>" <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>restraint, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>restrict, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>restriction, <i>barrier</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>result, <i>v.</i>, <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> + +<li>result, <i>n.</i>, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> +<li>" <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> +<li>" <i>operation</i>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>resume, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li>retain, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>retainer, <i>accessory</i>, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> + +<li>retaliate, <i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>retaliation, <i>revenge</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>retard, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reticent, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>retire, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li><i>retirement</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>retort, <i>answer</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>retract, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>retribution, <i>revenge</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>retrieve, <i>recover</i>, <a href="#Page_305">305</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[552]</a></span>retrospect, <i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>retrospection, <i>memory</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> + +<li>return, <i>v.</i>, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>return, <i>n.</i>, <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a><ul> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>returns, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li> + +<li>reveal, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li><i>revelation</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li>revenge, <i>v.</i>, <i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>revenge</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>revere, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>reverence, <i>v.</i>, <i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> + +<li>reverence, <i>n.</i>, <i>veneration</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> + +<li>reverie, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> + +<li>reverse, <i>v.</i>, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> + +<li>reverse, <i>n.</i>, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>revile, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>revoke, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> +<li>" <i>renounce</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>revolt, <i>n.</i>, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li><i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><ul> +<li>" <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>revolve</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>reward, <i>v.</i>, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>reward, <i>n.</i>, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>rhythm, <i>meter</i>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a></li> + +<li>rich, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a><ul> +<li>" <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ride, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li><i>riddle</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>ridicule, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>ridiculous, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>right, <i>a.</i>, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li><i>right</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><ul> +<li>" <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>right away, right off, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>righteous, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> + +<li>righteousness, <i>duty</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a><ul> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> +<li>" <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rightfulness, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li> + +<li>rightness, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>rigid, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>rigorous, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>rim, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>rime (rhyme), <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>rinse, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>riot, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>rip, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li><i>rise</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>rise, <i>n.</i>, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li>risk, <i>n.</i>, <i>danger</i>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>risky, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>rite, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>rival, <i>n.</i>, <i>enemy</i>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> + +<li>rivalry, <i>ambition</i>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> + +<li>rive, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>road, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>roadway, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>roam, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>roar, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li><i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>robes, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>rock, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>roll, <i>v.</i>, <i>revolve</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>roll, <i>n.</i>, <i>record</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>romance, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>root out, <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>rot, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>rotate, <i>revolve</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> + +<li>rough, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rout, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>route, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>routine, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>rove, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li><i>royal</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>rub off or out, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>rude, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rudeness, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a></li> + +<li>rue, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>ruin, <i>v.</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>demolish</i>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a></li> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>ruin, <i>n.</i>, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>ruinous, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>rule, <i>v.</i>, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li>rule, <i>n.</i>, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> +<li>" <i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rumor, <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>rupture, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rural, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>ruse, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>rush, <i>career</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li><i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="S" id="S"></a>sable, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li><i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>sacred, <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>sacrifice, <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>sadness, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>safeguard, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li><i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><ul> +<li>" <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sagacity, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sage, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>saintly, <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> + +<li>salable, <i>venal</i>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a></li> + +<li>salary, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li><i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> + +<li>salubrious, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>salutary, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>salutation, parting, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>salute, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>same, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><ul> +<li>" <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sanctimoniousness, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>sanctimony, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>sanction, <i>v.</i>, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_553" id="Page_553">[553]</a></span>" <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sanitary, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>sarcasm, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>sate, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>satiate, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>satire, <i>banter</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>satisfaction, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a><ul> +<li>" <i>propitiation</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>satisfactory, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>satisfied, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li><i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><ul> +<li>" <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>satisfying, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>sauciness, <i>impudence</i>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>savage, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>" <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>savant, <i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>save, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>saving, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>savory, <i>delicious</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>saw, <i>n.</i>, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>say, <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><ul> +<li>" <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>saying, <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li> + +<li>scan, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>scarce, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>scare, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>schedule, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>scheme, <i>design</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>schismatic, <i>heretic</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li><i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>scholarship, <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> + +<li>school, <i>v.</i>, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>schooling, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li><i>science</i>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>scintilla, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>scintillation, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>scoff, <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>scorch, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>scorn, <i>v.</i>, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>scorn, <i>n.</i>, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>scour, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>scourge, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>scout, <i>spy</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>scrap, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>scratch out, <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> + +<li>scream, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>screen, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> +<li>" <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>scrimping, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>scroll, <i>record</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>scrub, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>scruple, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>scrutinizing, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>search, <i>hunt</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>searching, <i>inquisitive</i>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a></li> + +<li>season, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>seat of government, <i>capital</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>seclusion, <i>retirement</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>second, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>secret, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>secrete, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> + +<li>section, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>secure, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> +<li>" <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>purchase</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>sedate, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>sedition, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>seditious, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>seduce, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>sedulous, <i>industrious</i>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a></li> + +<li>sedulousness, <i>industry</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>see, <i>discern</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a><ul> +<li>" <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>seed, <i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>seed down, <i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>seem, <i>appear</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> + +<li>seeming, <i>a.</i>, <i>apparent</i>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> + +<li>seeming, <i>n.</i>, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li>seemly, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>segment, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>seize, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>select, <i>allot</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>choose</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>self-assertion, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-complacency, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>self-conceit, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-condemnation, <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> + +<li>self-confidence, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-consciousness, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a></li> + +<li>self-control, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-denial, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><ul> +<li>" <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-devotion, <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>self-esteem, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>self-exaltation, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>self-immolation, <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>self-opinionated, <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>self-possessed, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>self-reliance, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>self-renunciation, <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>self-respect, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>self-restraint, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>self-sacrifice, <i>self-abnegation</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>sell, <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> + +<li>semblance, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>senile, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li><i>sensation</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> + +<li>sense, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sensation</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>senseless, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>senselessness, <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li> + +<li><i>sensibility</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> + +<li>sensible, <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a><ul> +<li>" <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_554" id="Page_554">[554]</a></span>sensitive, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>sensitiveness, <i>sensibility</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> + +<li>sensual, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>sentence, <i>v.</i>, <i>condemn</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> + +<li>sententious, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>sentient being, <i>animal</i>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> + +<li>sentiment, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> + +<li>separate, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>separately, <i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li>sequel, <i>catastrophe</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a><ul> +<li>" <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>" <i>event</i>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sequence, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>serene, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>sermon, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>service, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>serviceableness, <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>set, <i>v.</i>, <i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a><ul> +<li>" <i>put</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>set, <i>n.</i>, <i>class</i>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a><ul> +<li>" <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>set apart, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><ul> +<li>" <i>holy</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>set aside, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> + +<li>set fire to, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>set forth, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>set free, <i>absolve</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>set on fire, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>set out, <i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>settle, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>settle with, <i>requite</i>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> + +<li>set upon, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li>sever, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>severally, <i>apiece</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> + +<li><i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><ul> +<li>" <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> +<li>" <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>severity, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>sex, <i>gender</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>shackle, <i>v.</i>, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>shackle, <i>n.</i>, <i>fetter</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>shadowy, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shady, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li><i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>sham, <i>hypocrisy</i>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a></li> + +<li>shame, <i>v.</i>, <i>abash</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li>shame, <i>n.</i>, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shamelessness, <i>effrontery</i>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a></li> + +<li>shape, <i>make</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>share, <i>v.</i>, <i>apportion</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li>share, <i>n.</i>, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a><ul> +<li>" <i>portion</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sharp, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> +<li>" <i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sharpness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><ul> +<li>" <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sharp-witted, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li><a name="TNA" id="TNA"></a>shatter, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>sheen, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>sheer, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a><ul> +<li>" <i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>shelter</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shelter, <i>n.</i>, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>shield, <i>v.</i>, <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li> + +<li>shield, <i>n.</i>, <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>shift, <i>v.</i>, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shimmer, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>shine, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>shining, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>shiver, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shock, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>collision</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shocking, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>shore, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>short, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a><ul> +<li>" <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>should, <i>ought</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>shout, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>show, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shred, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>shrewd, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>shrewdness, <i>acumen</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>shriek, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>shudder, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>shun, <i>abhor</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>shyness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>sickness, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>sight, <i>array</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li><i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> +<li>" <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>signal, <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>signify, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li>silent, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>silver, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>similar, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><ul> +<li>" <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>similarity, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><ul> +<li>" <i>approximation</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>similarly, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>simile, <i>allegory</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>similitude, <i>analogy</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>simple, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>simulation, <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li> + +<li><i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>since, <i>because</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a><ul> +<li>" <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sincere, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sine qua non, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>sinful, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li><i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>singe, <i>burn</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>singular, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>singularity, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>sink, <i>abase</i>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a><ul> +<li>" <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sinless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_555" id="Page_555">[555]</a></span>situation, <i>circumstance</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>skeleton, <i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li><i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>skepticism, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li><i>sketch</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li><i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>skill, <i>dexterity</i>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a><ul> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>skilled, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li>skirmish, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> + +<li>skittish, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>slack, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>slackness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li><i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>slang</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>slant, <i>v.</i>, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>slaughter, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>massacre</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>slay, <i>kill</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> + +<li>sleep, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>sleepless, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>slender, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>slight, <i>a.</i>, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venial</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>slight, <i>n.</i>, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>sling, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>slit, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>slope, <i>v.</i>, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>slothful, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li><i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><ul> +<li>" <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>slowness, <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>sluggish, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sluggishness, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>slumber, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>small, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a><ul> +<li>" <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>smart, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>smartness, <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>smash, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>smiling, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>smirch, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>smite, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>smooth, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>snappish, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>snatch, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li><i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>snug, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>sobriety, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>sociable, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>social, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li><i>socialism</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>society, <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> + +<li>soften, <i>alleviate</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>soil, <i>v.</i>, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>soil, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>sojourn, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>soldiers, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>soldiery, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>solemn, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>solemnity, <i>sacrament</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>solemnize, <i>celebrate</i>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a></li> + +<li>solicit, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>solicitude, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>solitude, <i>retirement</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> + +<li>somber, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>song, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>soothe, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>sordid, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>sorrow, <i>v.</i>, <i>mourn</i>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> + +<li>sorrow, <i>n.</i>, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> +<li>" <i>repentance</i>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sorrowful, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>sort, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> + +<li>sottish, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>soul, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li> + +<li>sound, <i>a.</i>, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li><i>sound</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>sour, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a><ul> +<li>" <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>source, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sourness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>sow, <i>plant</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> + +<li>spacious, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>spank, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>sparing, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>sparkle, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li><i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>speaking, <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>speak to, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>specie, <i>money</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>specify, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>specimen, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sample</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>speck, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>speculation, <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li> + +<li><i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><ul> +<li>" <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>speechless, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>speed, <i>v.</i>, <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>speedy, <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> + +<li>spicy, <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>spirit, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>spirited, <i>racy</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>spite, <i>enmity</i>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hatred</i>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>splendid, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>splenetic, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>split, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>spoil, <i>decay</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sponge, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li><i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>sport, <i>entertainment</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>spot, <i>v.</i>, <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>spot, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>spotless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>spousal, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>spread abroad, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> + +<li>sprightliness, <i>pertness</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>sprightly, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_556" id="Page_556">[556]</a></span>" <i>airy</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>spring, <i>v.</i>, <i>rise</i>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a></li> + +<li>spring, <i>n.</i>, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cause</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>spruce, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>spry, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>spy</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>stable, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li><i>stain</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stain, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>stainless, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stamp out, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> + +<li>stanch, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> + +<li>standard, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>ideal</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stand by, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>stare, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>start, <i>beginning</i>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> + +<li><i>state</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allege</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> +<li>" <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>state, <i>n.</i>, <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>stately, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>statement, <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>statute, <i>law</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>stay, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>steadfast, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>steal, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li><i>steep</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><ul> +<li>" <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stern, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>sticking, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>sticky, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>stiff, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>stigma, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>still, <i>v.</i>, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>still, <i>a.</i>, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>still, <i>conj.</i>, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> +<li>" <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stillness, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stinging, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>stingy, <i>avaricious</i>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> + +<li>stipend, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>stipulation, <i>contract</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> + +<li>stir, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> + +<li>stoicism, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>stolid, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>stoop, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>stop, <i>v.</i>, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> +<li>" <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> +<li>" <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> +<li>" <i>obstruct</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stop, <i>n.</i>, <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li> + +<li>store up, <i>amass</i>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> + +<li>storm, <i>v.</i>, <i>attack</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> + +<li><i>storm</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li> + +<li><i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fiction</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li> +<li>" <i>history</i>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> +<li>" <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>straightforward, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>straightway, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>strand, <i>bank</i>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a></li> + +<li>strange, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stranger, <i>alien</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>stratagem, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>stray, <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>street, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>strength, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li> + +<li>strengthen, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>strict, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>strife, <i>battle</i>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a><ul> +<li>" <i>feud</i>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>strike, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>stripe, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>strive, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> + +<li>stroke, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>strong, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>stronghold, <i>fortification</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>struggle, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>stubborn, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a><ul> +<li>" <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>student, <i>scholar</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>study, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>stupefaction, <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>stupid, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idiocy</i>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stupidity</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>style, <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><ul> +<li>" <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> +<li>" <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subdivision, <i>part</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>subdue, <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subject, <i>v.</i>, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>subject, <i>n.</i>, <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>subjection, <i>allegiance</i>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> + +<li><i>subjective</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><ul> +<li>" <i>inherent</i>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subjoin, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> + +<li>subjugate, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>submerge, <i>immerse</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>submission, <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li> + +<li>submissive, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>submit, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>submit to, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>subordinate, <i>auxiliary</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> + +<li>subside, <i>abate</i>, <a href="#Page_3">3</a></li> + +<li><i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>subsisting, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>substantial, <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li> + +<li>substantiate, <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>substitute, <i>v.</i>, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>substitute, <i>n.</i>, <i>delegate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_557" id="Page_557">[557]</a></span>subterfuge, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subtile, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subtle, <i>astute</i>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>subvention, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li><i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><ul> +<li>" <i>follow</i>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>success, <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>successful, <i>fortunate</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a><ul> +<li>" <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>succession, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>succinct, <i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>succor, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>suck up, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>suffer, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><ul> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sufferance, <i>patience</i>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a></li> + +<li>suffering, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>suffice, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>sufficient, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>suggest, <i>allude</i>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li> + +<li><i>suggestion</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>suitable, <i>adequate</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><ul> +<li>" <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sulky, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>sullen, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>sully, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a><ul> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>summary, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>summon, <i>arraign</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convoke</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sum up, <i>add</i>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><ul> +<li>" <i>calculate</i>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sunder, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sunny, <i>happy</i>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a></li> + +<li>superabundance, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>superannuated, <i>antique</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>superciliousness, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>superfluity, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>superhuman, <i>supernatural</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>superintendence, <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li><i>supernatural</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a></li> + +<li>supersede, <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>superstition, <i>fanaticism</i>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> + +<li>supervene, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>supervision, <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>supplant, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>supple, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> + +<li>supplement, <i>appendage</i>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> + +<li>supplicate, <i>ask</i>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pray</i>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>supply, <i>give</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> + +<li><i>support</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></li> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>support, <i>n.</i>, <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a><ul> +<li>" <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>supporter, <i>adherent</i>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> + +<li><i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> + +<li>supposition, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>suppress, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a></li> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li> +<li>" <i>subvert</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>supremacy, <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>supreme, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>sure, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conscious</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> +<li>" <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>surety, <i>security</i>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> + +<li>surfeit, <i>satisfy</i>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> + +<li>surly, <i>morose</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li> + +<li>surmise, <i>v.</i>, <i>doubt</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a><ul> +<li>" <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>surmise, <i>n.</i>, <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li> + +<li>surmount, <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> + +<li>surname, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>surpass, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>surplus, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>surplusage, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>surprise, <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> + +<li><i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><ul> +<li>" <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>surrounded by, <i>amid</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>surveillance, <i>oversight</i>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> + +<li>survey, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>susceptibility, <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sensibility</i>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>suspect, <i>doubt</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>suspense, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>suspicion, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>suspicious, <i>envious</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sustain, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>sustenance, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>swallow, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>swallow up, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>swarm, <i>flock</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>swart, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>swarthy, <i>dark</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> + +<li>sway, <i>govern</i>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a><ul> +<li>" <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a></li> +<li>" <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>swear, <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>swearing, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>sweep, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>sweet, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>swerve, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>swift, <i>nimble</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> + +<li>swindle, <i>n.</i>, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>swindling, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>swing, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>swinish, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>switch, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>swoon, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>swooning, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>sworn statement, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>sycophancy, <i>praise</i>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> + +<li>sylvan, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>symbol, <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_558" id="Page_558">[558]</a></span>symmetry, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>sympathetic, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>sympathize with, <i>console</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>sympathy, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>symphony, <i>melody</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> + +<li>symptom, <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>syncope, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>synonymic, <i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li><i>synonymous</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li> + +<li>synopsis, <i>abridgment</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li><i>system</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><ul> +<li>" <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> +<li>" <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> +<li>" <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>systematic, <i>dogmatic</i>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a></li> + +<li>system of government, <i>polity</i>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="T" id="T"></a><i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>tact, <i>address</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li> + +<li>taint, <i>v.</i>, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>taint, <i>n.</i>, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>take, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> +<li>" <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>take away, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>take hold of, <i>catch</i>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> + +<li>take in, take up, <i>absorb</i>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> + +<li>take into custody, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>take-off, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>take place, <i>happen</i>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> + +<li>take prisoner, <i>arrest</i>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li> + +<li>take to task, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>tale, <i>report</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><ul> +<li>" <i>story</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>talent, <i>genius</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a><ul> +<li>" <i>power</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>talented, <i>clever</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> + +<li>talents, <i>genius</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> + +<li>talk, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>talk, <i>n.</i>, <i>conversation</i>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>talkative, <i>garrulous</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>tall, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>tame, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>tangible, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a><ul> +<li>" <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tangled, <i>complex</i>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> + +<li>tardy, <i>slow</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>tarnish, <i>blemish</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> +<li>" <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tarry, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>tart, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>tartness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li><i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>tasty, <i>tasteful</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> + +<li>tattle, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>taunt, <i>sneer</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a></li> + +<li>tautology, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li><i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>teachable, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>teaching, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a><ul> +<li>" <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tear, <i>rend</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a></li> + +<li>tease, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>tediousness, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>teeming, <i>plentiful</i>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> + +<li>tell, <i>announce</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>temper, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>temperament, <i>character</i>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> + +<li>temperance, <i>abstinence</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>tempest, <i>storm</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a></li> + +<li>temporary, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>tempt, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>tendency, <i>aim</i>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><ul> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tender, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a><ul> +<li>" <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tender-hearted, <i>humane</i>, <a href="#Page_203">203</a></li> + +<li>tenderness, <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><ul> +<li>" <i>love</i>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a></li> +<li>" <i>mercy</i>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a></li> +<li>" <i>pity</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tenet, <i>doctrine</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>tenuous, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li><i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a><ul> +<li>" <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> +<li>" <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>terminate, <i>abolish</i>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cease</i>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a></li> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>termination, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a><ul> +<li>" <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>terminus, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>terrible, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>formidable</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>terrific, <i>awful</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>terrify, <i>frighten</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>terror, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>terse</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>testify, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>state</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>that, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>theme, <i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>then, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>thence, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>theology, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>theory, <i>hypothesis</i>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>thief, <i>robber</i>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> + +<li>thin, <i>fine</i>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> + +<li>think, <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a><ul> +<li>" <i>suppose</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>thirst, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> + +<li>tho, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>thorough, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>thoroughfare, <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li> + +<li>thoroughgoing, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>thought, <i>idea</i>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>thoughtless, <i>abstracted</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>thoughtlessness, <i>neglect</i>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a></li> + +<li>thrash, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>threatening, <i>imminent</i>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> + +<li>thrift, <i>frugality</i>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a></li> + +<li>thrill, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>thrive, <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> + +<li>throe, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li><i>throng</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a><ul> +<li>" <i>company</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_559" id="Page_559">[559]</a></span>through, <i>by</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a><ul> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>throw, <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li> + +<li>thrust, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>thump, <i>blow</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>thus far, <i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> + +<li>thwart, <i>hinder</i>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a></li> + +<li>tidy, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>tie, <i>bind</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>tillage, <i>agriculture</i>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> + +<li>tilt, <i>tip</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li><i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>time-honored, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>timeless, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>time-worn, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li>timid, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>timidity, <i>alarm</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> +<li>" <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tinge, <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>tint, <i>stain</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a></li> + +<li>tiny, <i>minute</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li><i>tip</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>tip, <i>n.</i>, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li><i>tire</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>title, <i>name</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>tittle, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>toil, <i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> + +<li>toilsome, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>token, <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> +<li>" <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tolerate, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a><ul> +<li>" <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> +<li>" <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tone, <i>sound</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> + +<li>tongue, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li>too, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li><i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li><i>topic</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>torment, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>torpor, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>torture, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>total, <i>radical</i>, <a href="#Page_299">299</a></li> + +<li>totter, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>touching, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>tour, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>tow, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>towering, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li><i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a><ul> +<li>" <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>track, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a><ul> +<li>" <i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tractable, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>trade, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sale</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trading, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>traduce, <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>traffic, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>trail, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>train, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>trained, <i>skilful</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a></li> + +<li>training, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>trait, <i>characteristic</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li> + +<li>trance, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> + +<li>tranquil, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>tranquilize, <i>allay</i>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> + +<li>tranquillity, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rest</i>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a><ul> +<li>" <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>transaction</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a><ul> +<li>" <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transcendent, <i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li><i>transcendental</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transcript, <i>duplicate</i>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a></li> + +<li>transfer, <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> + +<li>transfigure, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>transform, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>transformation, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>transgress, <i>break</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a></li> + +<li>transgression, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li><i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>transit, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a><ul> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transition, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><ul> +<li>" <i>motion</i>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transitory, <i>transient</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a></li> + +<li>translation, <i>definition</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>translucent, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>transmit, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>send</i>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transmutation, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>transmute, <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> + +<li>transparent, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> +<li>" <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>transport, <i>carry</i>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a><ul> +<li>" <i>convey</i>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> +<li>" <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trappings, <i>caparison</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>travel, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>travesty, <i>caricature</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a></li> + +<li>treachery, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>treason, <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> + +<li>treasure, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>treat, <i>transact</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> + +<li>tremble, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>trembling, <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>tremendous, <i>formidable</i>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> + +<li>tremor, <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>trepidation, <i>fear</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>trespass, <i>attack</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> + +<li>trial, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tribe, <i>people</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>tribulation, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tribute, <i>subsidy</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a></li> + +<li>trick, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fraud</i>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a></li> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trickery, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>trifling, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trim, <i>neat</i>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a></li> + +<li>trip, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>triumph, <i>happiness</i>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a><ul> +<li>" <i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trivial, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a><ul> +<li>" <i>venial</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>troops, <i>army</i>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> + +<li>trouble, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> +<li>" <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_560" id="Page_560">[560]</a></span>" <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>true, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>truism, <i>axiom</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a><ul> +<li>" <i>proverb</i>, <a href="#Page_293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trunk, <i>body</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>trust, <i>v.</i>, <i>commit</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>trust, <i>n.</i>, <i>assurance</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faith</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trustworthy, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> +<li>" <i>reliable</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trusty, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a><ul> +<li>" <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a></li> +<li>" <i>reliable</i>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>truth, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><ul> +<li>" <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>truthful, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>truthfulness, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>try, <i>chasten</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a><ul> +<li>" <i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>trying, <i>difficult</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> + +<li>tug, <i>draw</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>tuition, <i>education</i>, <a href="#Page_143">143</a></li> + +<li>tumult, <i>revolution</i>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a></li> + +<li>turbid, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>turn, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a><ul> +<li>" <i>change</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> +<li>" <i>revolve</i>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>tutor, <i>teach</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li>twaddle, <i>babble</i>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a></li> + +<li>twain, <i>both</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>twine, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>twinge, <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li> + +<li>twinkle, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>twinkling, <i>light</i>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a></li> + +<li>twist, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>two, <i>both</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>type, <i>emblem</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a><ul> +<li>" <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> +<li>" <i>model</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> +<li>" <i>sign</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>typical, <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li> + +<li>tyrannical, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>tyro, <i>amateur</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="U" id="U"></a>umbrage, <i>pique</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>umpire, <i>judge</i>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> + +<li>unadorned, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>unadulterated, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unambiguous, <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>unanimity, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>unassured, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>unavailing, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unavoidable, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>unavoidableness, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>unbelief, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>unbeliever, <i>skeptic</i>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> + +<li>unbiased, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>unbidden, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>unblemished, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unbounded, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>unbroken, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>unceasing, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a><ul> +<li>" <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uncertain, <i>equivocal</i>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a><ul> +<li>" <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uncertainty, <i>doubt</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> + +<li>unchangeable, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>unchanging, <i>permanent</i>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> + +<li>uncivil, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>uncivilized, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>uncommon, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uncommunicative, <i>taciturn</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a></li> + +<li>uncompromising, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>unconcern, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>unconditional, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> + +<li>unconditioned, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>uncongeniality, <i>antipathy</i>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> + +<li>unconnected, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> + +<li>unconquerable, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>unconsciousness, <i>stupor</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> + +<li>uncontrollable, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>uncorrupted, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>uncouth, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a><ul> +<li>" <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uncreated, <i>primeval</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a></li> + +<li>uncultivated, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>undaunted, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>undefiled, <i>perfect</i>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>undeniable, <i>necessary</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>underestimate, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>undergo, <i>endure</i>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> + +<li>underrate, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>understand, <i>perceive</i>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a></li> + +<li>understanding, <i>mind</i>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a><ul> +<li>" <i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>undertake, <i>endeavor</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a></li> + +<li>undervalue, <i>disparage</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>undismayed, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>undisturbed, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>undulate, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>undying, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>uneducated, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unemployed, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unending, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>unenlightened, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unequivocal, <i>absolute</i>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unfading, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>unfailing, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>unfairness, <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>prejudice</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unfathomable, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a><ul> +<li>" <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unfathomed, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>unfeelingness, <i>apathy</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> + +<li>unfilled, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>unflinching, <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> + +<li>unfold, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>ungainly, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>ungodliness, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>ungovernable, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unhandy, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>unhealthful, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>unhealthiness, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>unhomogeneous, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>unification, <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_561" id="Page_561">[561]</a></span>uniform, <i>a.</i>, <i>alike</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>uniform, <i>n.</i>, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>uniformity, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> + +<li>unimportant, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>uninformed, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>uninstructed, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unintellectual, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>unintelligible, <i>obscure</i>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a></li> + +<li>uninterrupted, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li><i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alliance</i>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> +<li>" <i>association</i>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> +<li>" <i>attachment</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> +<li>" <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a></li> +<li>" <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unique, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unison, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><ul> +<li>" <i>melody</i>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unity, <i>harmony</i>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a><ul> +<li>" <i>union</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>universal, <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>unkindness, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>unknown, <i>mysterious</i>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a></li> + +<li>unlawful, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>unlearned, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unless, <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>unlettered, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unlike, <i>alien</i>, <i>a.</i>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><ul> +<li>" <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unlikeness, <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> + +<li>unlimited, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>unmanageable, <i>rebellious</i>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> + +<li>unmannerly, <i>bluff</i>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> + +<li>unmatched, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>unmeasured, <i>infinite</i>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> + +<li>unmingled, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unmistakable, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a><ul> +<li>" <i>clear</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unmitigated, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>unmixed, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unobtrusiveness, <i>modesty</i>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> + +<li>unoccupied, <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unparalleled, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>unpolished, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>unpolluted, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unprecedented, <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> + +<li>unprejudiced, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>unpremeditated, <i>extemporaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>unprofitable, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unquestionable, <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li> + +<li>unreal, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unreasonable, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> + +<li>unrelenting, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a></li> + +<li>unremitting, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>unreserved, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> + +<li>unrighteousness, <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unruffled, <i>calm</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>unruly, <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> + +<li>unsatisfying, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unselfishness, <i>benevolence</i>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> + +<li>unserviceable, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unsettle, <i>displace</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>unsettled, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>unskilful, <i>awkward</i>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> + +<li>unskilled, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unsophisticated, <i>candid</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unsoundness, <i>disease</i>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> + +<li>unspiritual, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a></li> + +<li>unspotted, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unstable, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>unstained, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>unsteady, <i>precarious</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>unsubstantial, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>unsuitable, <i>incongruous</i>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> + +<li>unsullied, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>untainted, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>untamed, <i>barbarous</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a></li> + +<li>untarnished, <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> + +<li>untaught, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>untenanted, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>untoward, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>untrained, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>untruth, <i>deception</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>untutored, <i>ignorant</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li> + +<li>unusual, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a><ul> +<li>" <i>rare</i>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>unvarying, <i>continual</i>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>unwavering, <i>faithful</i>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a></li> + +<li>unwholesome, <i>pernicious</i>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> + +<li>unwilling, <i>reluctant</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> + +<li>unyielding, <i>severe</i>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><ul> +<li>" <i>obstinate</i>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>upbraid, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>upbraiding, <i>reproof</i>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a></li> + +<li>uphold, <i>abet</i>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><ul> +<li>" <i>confirm</i>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> +<li>" <i>help</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> +<li>" <i>support</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uplifted, <i>high</i>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a></li> + +<li>upright, <i>honest</i>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a><ul> +<li>" <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uprightness, <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uproot, <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li>upshot, <i>consequence</i>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>upstart, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> + +<li>urbane, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>urge, <i>influence</i>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a><ul> +<li>" <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> +<li>" <i>plead</i>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>urge forward, <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> + +<li>urgency, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> + +<li>urge on, <i>drive</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a><ul> +<li>" <i>promote</i>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> +<li>" <i>quicken</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>usage, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>use, <i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a><ul> +<li>" <i>exercise</i>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> +<li>" <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>usefulness, <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a><ul> +<li>" <i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>useless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>use up, <i>employ</i>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a></li> + +<li><i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a><ul> +<li>" <i>general</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> +<li>" <i>normal</i>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>usurp, <i>assume</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> + +<li>utensil, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li><i>utility</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a><ul> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_562" id="Page_562">[562]</a></span>utmost, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>utter, <i>speak</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li> + +<li>utterance, <i>remark</i>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a><ul> +<li>" <i>speech</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>uttermost, <i>end</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="V" id="V"></a><i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a><ul> +<li>" <i>idle</i>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vacate, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a><ul> +<li>" <i>cancel</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vacillate, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> + +<li>vacuous, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>vagary, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li><i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>vainglory, <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> + +<li>valediction, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>valedictory, <i>farewell</i>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> + +<li>valiant, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>valor, <i>prowess</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> + +<li>value, <i>cherish</i>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a><ul> +<li>" <i>esteem</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> +<li>" <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a></li> +<li>" <i>profit</i>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vanity, <i>egotism</i>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pride</i>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vanquish, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vapid, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>variant, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>variation, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><ul> +<li>" <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>variety, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a><ul> +<li>" <i>difference</i>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>various, <i>heterogeneous</i>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> + +<li>vary, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vast, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>vaunt, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>vaunting, <i>ostentation</i>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a></li> + +<li>veer, <i>change</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a></li> +<li>" <i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vehemence, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>vehement, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>veil, <i>hide</i>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a><ul> +<li>" <i>palliate</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>venal</i>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a></li> + +<li>venerable, <i>old</i>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> + +<li><i>venerate</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a><ul> +<li>" <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>veneration</i>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> + +<li>vengeance, <i>revenge</i>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> + +<li><i>venial</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>venture, <i>hazard</i>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> + +<li>venturesome, <i>brave</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a></li> + +<li>venturesomeness, <i>temerity</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a></li> + +<li><i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li><i>verbal</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> + +<li>verbiage, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a><ul> +<li>" <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>verbose, <i>garrulous</i>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a></li> + +<li>verbosity, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>verdant, <i>rustic</i>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + +<li>verge, <i>boundary</i>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> + +<li>veritable, <i>authentic</i>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><ul> +<li>" <i>real</i>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>verity, <i>veracity</i>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a></li> + +<li>vernacular, <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li> + +<li>verse, <i>meter</i>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a><ul> +<li>" <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vestige, <i>trace</i>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a></li> + +<li>vestments, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>vesture, <i>dress</i>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> + +<li>vex, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>vexation, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><ul> +<li>" <i>chagrin</i>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>viands, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>vibrate, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>vice, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>vicious, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restive</i>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>viciousness, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> + +<li>vicissitude, <i>change</i>, <i>n.</i>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>victimize, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li><i>victory</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>victuals, <i>food</i>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a></li> + +<li>view, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>vigilance, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li><i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vigorous, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vile, <i>brutish</i>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a><ul> +<li>" <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vilify, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><ul> +<li>" <i>slander</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>villainy, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> + +<li>vindicate, <i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> + +<li>vindication, <i>apology</i>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><ul> +<li>" <i>defense</i>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vinegarish, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>violate, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>violent, <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li> + +<li>virile, <i>masculine</i>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a></li> + +<li><i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a><ul> +<li>" <i>justice</i>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>virtuous, <i>innocent</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pure</i>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>virtuousness, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>virulence, <i>acrimony</i>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> + +<li>virulent, <i>bitter</i>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> + +<li>viscid, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>viscous, <i>adhesive</i>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> + +<li>visible, <i>evident</i>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a><ul> +<li>" <i>physical</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vision, <i>dream</i>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a></li> + +<li>visionary, <i>fanciful</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>visit, <i>avenge</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> + +<li>visitation, <i>misfortune</i>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> + +<li>vitiate, <i>defile</i>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> + +<li>vituperate, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>vivacious, <i>alive</i>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> + +<li>vocabulary, <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a><ul> +<li>" <i>language</i>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>vocal, <i>verbal</i>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> + +<li>vocation, <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> + +<li>vociferate, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li>void, <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li> + +<li>voluntary, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>vow, <i>oath</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> + +<li>voyage, <i>journey</i>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a></li> + +<li>vulgar, the, <i>mob</i>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a></li> + +<li>vulgarism, <i>slang</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> + +<li>vulgarity, <i>slang</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="W" id="W"></a>wages, <i>pay</i>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> + +<li>waggery, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>waggishness, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>wait, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_563" id="Page_563">[563]</a></span>wakeful, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li><i>wander</i>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a></li> + +<li>want, <i>necessity</i>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a><ul> +<li>" <i>poverty</i>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>warble, <i>sing</i>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a></li> + +<li>ward, <i>shelter</i>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a></li> + +<li>wariness, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>warmth, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>warn, <i>reprove</i>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> + +<li>warning, <i>example</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>warp, <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> + +<li>warrant, <i>precedent</i>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a></li> + +<li>wary, <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li> + +<li>wash, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>waste, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vacant</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wastefulness, <i>excess</i>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> + +<li>watch, <i>look</i>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> + +<li>watch for, <i>abide</i>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a></li> + +<li>watchful, <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><ul> +<li>" <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>watchfulness, <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> + +<li>watch, on the, <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> + +<li>wave, <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li> + +<li>waver, <i>fluctuate</i>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a><ul> +<li>" <i>shake</i>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>way</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a><ul> +<li>" <i>air</i>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> +<li>" <i>direction</i>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wayward, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>weak, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>weapon, <i>tool</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> + +<li>weapons, <i>arms</i>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> + +<li>wearied, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>wear out, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>weary, <i>tire</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a></li> + +<li>wedded, <i>addicted</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>wedding, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>wedlock, <i>marriage</i>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> + +<li>weigh, <i>deliberate</i>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>weight, <i>load</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>welcome, <i>delightful</i>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a></li> + +<li>well, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>well-behaved, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>well-bred, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>well-disposed, <i>friendly</i>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> + +<li>well-mannered, <i>polite</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>well off, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>well-provided, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>well to do, <i>comfortable</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>whence, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>wherefore, <i>therefore</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li> + +<li>while, <i>time</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a></li> + +<li>whim, <i>fancy</i>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a></li> + +<li>whimsical, <i>queer</i>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a></li> + +<li>whip, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> + +<li>whit, <i>particle</i>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a></li> + +<li>whiten, <i>bleach</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>whitewash, <i>bleach</i>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> + +<li>wholesome, <i>healthy</i>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a></li> + +<li>wicked, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>wickedness, <i>abomination</i>, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><ul> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wide, <i>large</i>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a></li> + +<li>wide-awake, <i>active</i>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><ul> +<li>" <i>alert</i>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> +<li>" <i>vigilant</i>, <a href="#Page_369">369</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>widen, <i>amplify</i>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> + +<li>wild, <i>absurd</i>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><ul> +<li>" <i>fierce</i>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wile, <i>artifice</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pretense</i>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wilful, <i>perverse</i>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> + +<li>willing, <i>spontaneous</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> + +<li>win, <i>allure</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><ul> +<li>" <i>attain</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li> +<li>" <i>get</i>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a></li> +<li>" <i>succeed</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wind up, <i>end</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> + +<li>winning, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><ul> +<li>" <i>charming</i>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>win over, <i>persuade</i>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a></li> + +<li>winsome, <i>amiable</i>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> + +<li>wipe, <i>cleanse</i>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>wipe out, <i>exterminate</i>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a></li> + +<li><i>wisdom</i>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a><ul> +<li>" <i>knowledge</i>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a></li> +<li>" <i>prudence</i>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wise, <i>sagacious</i>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> + +<li>wish, <i>desire</i>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> + +<li><i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>with, <i>by</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> + +<li>withal, <i>also</i>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> + +<li>withdraw, <i>abstract</i>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> + +<li>withdraw from, <i>abandon</i>, <a href="#Page_1">1</a></li> + +<li>wither, <i>die</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>withhold, <i>keep</i>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a><ul> +<li>" <i>restrain</i>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>without delay, <i>immediately</i>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a></li> + +<li>without end, <i>eternal</i>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a></li> + +<li>witness, <i>avow</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a><ul> +<li>" <i>testimony</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>witticism, <i>wit</i>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a></li> + +<li>wo, <i>grief</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a><ul> +<li>" <i>pain</i>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>woful, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>womanish, <i>feminine</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>womanly, <i>feminine</i>, <a href="#Page_169">169</a></li> + +<li>wonder, <i>admire</i>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><ul> +<li>" <i>amazement</i>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wont, <i>habit</i>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a></li> + +<li>wonted, <i>usual</i>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> + +<li>woo, <i>address</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> + +<li>word, <i>term</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> + +<li>wordiness, <i>circumlocution</i>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>wording, <i>diction</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> + +<li><i>work</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a><ul> +<li>" <i>act</i>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> +<li>" <i>business</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>workman, <i>artist</i>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li> + +<li>work out, <i>do</i>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> + +<li>worn, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>worn down, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>worn out, <i>faint</i>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> + +<li>worry, <i>anxiety</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><ul> +<li>" <i>care</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>worship, <i>religion</i>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a></li> + +<li>worst, <i>beat</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a><ul> +<li>" <i>conquer</i>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>worth, <i>price</i>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a><ul> +<li>" <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>worthiness, <i>virtue</i>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> + +<li>worthless, <i>vain</i>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> + +<li>worthy, <i>becoming</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> + +<li>wound, <i>affront</i>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> + +<li>wrangle, <i>reason</i>, <i>v.</i>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a></li> + +<li>wrath, <i>anger</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> + +<li><span class="pgn"><a name="Page_564" id="Page_564">[564]</a></span>wretched, <i>pitiful</i>, <a href="#Page_273">273</a></li> + +<li>writing, metrical, <i>poetry</i>, <a href="#Page_277">277</a></li> + +<li>writings, <i>literature</i>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> + +<li>wrong, <i>v.</i>, <i>abuse</i>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> + +<li>wrong, <i>a.</i>, <i>criminal</i>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>wrong, <i>n.</i>, <i>injury</i>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a><ul> +<li>" <i>injustice</i>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> +<li>" <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>wrong-doing, <i>sin</i>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="Y" id="Y"></a>yearning, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>yell, <i>call</i>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a></li> + +<li><i>yet</i>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a><ul> +<li>" <i>but</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> +<li>" <i>notwithstanding</i>, <i>conj.</i>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>yield, <i>allow</i>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><ul> +<li>" <i>bend</i>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> +<li>" <i>harvest</i>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> +<li>" <i>surrender</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>yielding, <i>docile</i>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> + +<li>young, <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a><ul> +<li>" <i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>youthful</i>, <a href="#Page_375">375</a><ul> +<li>" <i>new</i>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li></ul></li></ul> + +<ul><li><a name="Z" id="Z"></a>zeal, <i>enthusiasm</i>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a></li> + +<li>zealous, <i>eager</i>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a></li> + +<li>zest, <i>appetite</i>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li></ul> + +<div class="figc"><img src="images/001.png" width="221" height="59" alt="" title="" /></div> + +<div class="trn"><p class="hd1"><big>Transcriber's Endnotes:</big></p> + +<p>Significant amendments, invalid links and further notes have been listed below.</p> + +<div class="bq3"><p>p. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, ANIMAL, synonyms re-ordered (<i>fauna</i> originally last);</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, ANIMAL, 'individal' amended to <i>individual</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, AWFUL, 'mein' amended to <i>mien</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, BEAT, invalid reference: '<a name="SHATTER" id="SHATTER"></a>SHATTER', see <a href="#TNA">INDEX</a>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, BEGINNING, '1 John 1' amended to <i>John i, 1</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, BITTER, 'quinin, or strychnin' amended to <i>quinine, or strychnine</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, CAUSE, 'conseqeunce' amended to <i>consequence</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, DESIRE, 'concupisence' amended to <i>concupiscence</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, END, <i>v.</i>, 'synonymns' amended to <i>synonyms</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, END, <i>v.</i>, invalid reference: '<a name="BEGIN" id="BEGIN"></a>BEGIN', see <a href="#TNB">INDEX</a>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, END, <i>n.</i>, 'CONSEQENCE' amended to <i>CONSEQUENCE</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, ENTHUSIASM, 'ecstacy' amended to <i>ecstasy</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, FANCIFUL, 'arangement' amended to <i>arrangement</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, HAPPINESS, invalid reference: '<a name="COMFORT" id="COMFORT"></a>COMFORT', see <a href="#TNC">INDEX</a>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, HETEROGENEOUS, 'heterogenious' amended to <i>heterogeneous</i> (twice);</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, HONEST, 'fradulent' amended to <i>fraudulent</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, IMMERSE, invalid reference: '<a name="BURY" id="BURY"></a>BURY', see <a href="#TND">INDEX</a>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, IMPUDENCE, invalid reference: '<a name="ARROGANCE" id="ARROGANCE"></a>ARROGANCE', see <a href="#TNE">INDEX</a>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, KNOWLEDGE, 'or' amended to <i>of</i>—'... perception of external objects ...';</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, PLENTIFUL, '(Compare synonyms especial reference to giving or expending.', +amended, using a later edition, to <i>(Compare synonyms for ADEQUATE.)</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, POLITE, 'devolopment' amended to <i>development</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_297">297</a>, QUEER, 'an' amended to <i>as</i>—'... and so uneven, as an <i>odd</i> number ...';</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_305">305</a>, RECORD, 'deposito' amended to <i>depository</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, REVELATION, 'mistery' amended to <i>mystery</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, SKETCH and p. <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, SKEPTIC, out-of-sequence entries re-ordered; +estimated new placement of p. 335 marker; index amendments include: +p. <a href="#Page_511">511</a>, agnostic; +p. <a href="#Page_513">513</a>, atheist; +p. <a href="#Page_523">523</a>, deist; +p. <a href="#Page_525">525</a>, disbeliever; +p. <a href="#Page_526">526</a>, doubter; +p. <a href="#Page_532">532</a>, freethinker; +p. <a href="#Page_537">537</a>, infidel; +p. <a href="#Page_555">555</a>, skeptic; +p. <a href="#Page_560">560</a>, unbeliever;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_400">400</a>, ASSUME, 'and' amended to <i>or</i>—'Unless he do profane, steal, or ——.';</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_418">418</a>, DEXTERITY, 'imimitable' amended to <i>inimitable</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>, EXTERMINATE, added <i>is</i>—'... what is the original meaning ...';</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>, FEAR, 'right' amended to <i>fright</i>—'How does it compare with <i>fright</i> ...';</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_434">434</a>, FEUD, 'contentention' amended to <i>contention</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>, HAPPINESS, 'ecstacy' amended to <i>ecstasy</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_487">487</a>, PROVERB, 'apothem' amended to <i>apothegm</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_515">515</a>, INDEX, because: 'therefor' amended to <i>therefore</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_516">516</a>, INDEX, bodily: page number added to <i>physical</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_530">530</a>, INDEX, fancy: sub-listing ordered alphabetically;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_535">535</a>, INDEX, 'immeasureable': amended to <i>immeasurable</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_535">535</a>, INDEX, imagination: page number corrected for <i>idea</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_539">539</a>, INDEX, kind: sub-listing ordered alphabetically;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_540">540</a>, INDEX, loving: 'friendy' amended to <i>friendly</i>;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_543">543</a>, INDEX, nutrition: <i>oath</i> removed from sub-listing and listed separately;</p> + +<p>p. <a href="#Page_546">546</a>, INDEX, plan: <i>horizontal</i> removed from sub-listing.</p></div></div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of English Synonyms and Antonyms, by +James Champlin Fernald + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS *** + +***** This file should be named 28900-h.htm or 28900-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/9/0/28900/ + +Produced by Jan-Fabian Humann, Stephen Blundell and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + 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