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+Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880
+       An Illustrated Weekly
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2009 [EBook #28777]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 6, 1880 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Annie McGuire
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: HARPER'S
+
+YOUNG PEOPLE
+
+AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.]
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. I.--NO. 23. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR
+CENTS.
+
+Tuesday, April 6, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 per
+Year, in Advance.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: JIM AND CHARLEY IN THE WOODS.]
+
+A RABBIT DAY.
+
+BY W. O. STODDARD.
+
+
+"Jim," said Charley, "has that dog of yours gone crazy?"
+
+"Old Nap? No. Why? What's the matter with him?"
+
+"Just look at the way he's diving in and out among the trees. He'll run
+full split right against one first thing he knows."
+
+"No, he won't. He's after rabbits. We're 'most to the swamp now, and Nap
+knows what we've come for as well as we do."
+
+There was no mistake but what he was a wonderfully busy dog just then.
+It looked as if he was trying to be all around, everywhere, at the same
+time; and every few moments he would give expression to his excitement
+in a short sharp yelp.
+
+"He means to tell us he'll stir one out in a minute," said Jim. "It's a
+prime rabbit day."
+
+"Are there more rabbits some days than there are others?"
+
+"Easier to get 'em. You see, there came a thaw, and the old snow got
+settled down, and a good hard crust froze on top of it; then there was a
+little snow last night, and the rabbits'll leave their tracks in that
+when they come out for a run on the crust. Old Nap knows. See him; he'll
+have one out in a minute."
+
+"Is this the swamp?" asked Charley.
+
+"All that level ahead of us. In spring, and in summer too, unless it's a
+dry season, there's water everywhere among the trees and bushes; but
+it's frozen hard now."
+
+"What is there beyond?"
+
+"Nothing but mountains, 'way back into the Adirondacks. We'd better load
+up, Charley."
+
+"Why, are not the guns loaded?"
+
+"No. Father never lets a loaded gun come into the house. Aunt Sally
+won't either. Shall I load your gun for you?"
+
+"Load my gun! Well, I guess not. As if I couldn't load my own gun!"
+
+Charley set himself to work at once, for the movements of old Nap were
+getting more and more eager and rapid, and there was no telling what
+might happen.
+
+But Charley had never loaded a gun before in all his life. Still, it was
+a very simple piece of business, and he knew all about it. He had read
+of it and heard it talked of ever so many times, and there was Jim
+loading his own gun within ten feet, just as if he meant to show how it
+should be done. He could imitate Jim, at all events; and so he thought
+he did, to the smallest item; and he hurried to get through as quickly,
+for it would not do to be beaten by a country boy. And then, too, there
+was old Napoleon Bonaparte--that is to say Nap--beginning to yelp like
+mad.
+
+They were just on the edge of the swamp, and it was, as Jim said, "a
+great place for rabbits."
+
+"He's after one! There he comes!"
+
+"Where? Where? I see him! Oh, what a big one!"
+
+Bang!
+
+Charley had been gazing, open-mouthed, at the rapid leaps of that
+frightened white rabbit, and wondering if he would ever sit down long
+enough to be shot at, with that dog less than half a dozen rods behind
+him.
+
+He was in a tremendous hurry, that rabbit, and he would hardly have
+"taken a seat" if one had been offered him; but he was down now, for Jim
+had not only fired at him--he had hit him.
+
+"One for me. I meant to let you have the first shot. Never mind; you
+take the next one. Keep your eyes out. He may be along before I'm
+loaded."
+
+Old Nap's interest in a rabbit seemed to cease the moment it was killed,
+for he was now ranging the bushes at quite a distance.
+
+"Here comes one. Quick, Charley! He's stopped to listen for the dog."
+
+So he had, like a very unwise rabbit, and was perking up his long ears
+within quite easy range of Charley's gun as he levelled it.
+
+"Cock it! cock it!" shouted Jim. "Cock your gun!"
+
+"Oh, I forgot that."
+
+But he knew how; and when he once more lifted his gun, and pulled the
+triggers, one after the other, they came down handsomely.
+
+"Only snapped your caps?" said Jim. "I never knew that gun to miss fire
+before. He's gone."
+
+The rabbit had taken a hint from the bursting of the caps, and was now
+running a race with Napoleon Bonaparte across the swamp.
+
+Charley looked at his weapon very gravely, and put on another pair of
+caps, remarking, "I never had a gun miss fire like that with me before."
+
+Jim's own gun was ready again in short order, but there was a queer
+questioning look stealing into his face, and he said,
+
+"Take mine, Charley; I'll look into that business."
+
+Charley traded guns, and stood anxiously watching for another rabbit,
+while Jim "looked into" both barrels of the offending piece, and tried
+them with the ramrod.
+
+"Got enough in 'em; no mistake about that. Guess I'd better draw the
+charges."
+
+There was a corkscrew on the end of the ramrod for that sort of thing,
+and in a moment more Jim had a wad out of each barrel.
+
+"Hullo! Powder? I declare! Why, Charley, you've put your ammunition in
+wrong end first. You might have cracked caps on that thing all day. Your
+shot's all at the bottom."
+
+"Is that so? Well, you see, I never used that kind of a gun before,
+and--"
+
+"Here comes Nap! Big rabbit. There's a chance for you. Take him on the
+run."
+
+He tried. That is, he raised Jim's gun, and blazed away with one barrel,
+but all the harm he did that rabbit was to knock down a whole bunch of
+bright red mountain-ash berries from a branch twenty feet above him.
+
+"Quick, Charley! Your other barrel. He's turning on Nap, around those
+sumac bushes."
+
+Charley had held his gun a little loosely, and it had given him a smart
+kick in consequence; but he saw what Jim meant, and his reputation as a
+sportsman was at stake. He knew, too, that Jim was trying his best not
+to laugh, and he was determined to get that rabbit.
+
+"Bow-ow-ow-wow!"
+
+Rabbit and dog seemed somehow to come within range of that gun at the
+same instant, just as it went off. It was a grand good thing for old Nap
+that his master's city cousin aimed so high, and that the gun kicked
+again. As it was, the astonished dog was now making the snow fly in a
+whirl, as he dashed around in it after the tip of his tail, where one of
+the little leaden pellets had struck him.
+
+That was only for a moment, however, and then he came gravely marching
+across the crust, and looked up in the faces of the boys, one after the
+other, as much as if he was asking, "Which of you was green enough to
+take me for a rabbit?"
+
+He had not been very badly hurt, except, perhaps, in his sense of
+justice; but now Charley suddenly gave a shout, and sprang forward.
+
+"I hit him! I hit him!"
+
+"Fact," said Jim; "so you did. Come here, Nap. Poor fellow! How's your
+old tail now?"
+
+Charley was back in a twinkling with his own rabbit and the one Jim had
+killed, but there was a wide difference between them. There was shot
+enough in the latter to have killed half a dozen, while all the mark
+they could find on Charley's game was one little spot at the roots of
+his ears.
+
+"So much for making the shot scatter. If I hadn't put in a double load
+of shot, you'd have lost 'em both."
+
+"There wasn't but one," said Charley.
+
+"I mean that rabbit and old Napoleon Bonaparte. Come on now. Your gun's
+all right. Let's try the other side of the swamp."
+
+He pointed out a rabbit, sitting among some bushes, on the way, and
+Charley's gun went off finely, now that the powder had been put in
+first.
+
+"Don't you ever shoot them when they're sitting still, Jim?"
+
+"No; and you won't when you're used to it. There's one coming for me.
+I'll take him as he goes by."
+
+Nap was entirely safe this time. Indeed, he seemed inclined all the rest
+of that morning to do his rabbit-hunting at a somewhat unsociable
+distance from his friends.
+
+There were plenty of rabbits in the swamp, and the boys were more than a
+little proud of their success, especially Charley; but when the time
+came for going home, it was curious how ready they both were to go. So
+was Napoleon Bonaparte. Truth to tell, it had been hard work, and the
+boys declared the rabbit a remarkably heavy beast, for his size, by the
+time they reached home with their game.
+
+
+
+
+THE AWAKENING.
+
+BY M. M.
+
+
+  Down all the rugged mountain-slopes,
+    Through all the mossy dells,
+  There comes a gentle purling sound,
+    Like peals of fairy bells.
+
+  A tinkling, rippling, gurgling song
+    Is borne on every breeze;
+  Mysterious whispers seem to stir
+    The grim old forest trees.
+
+  The tiny grasses wave their hands
+    And gayly nod their heads
+  To lazy buds, still half asleep
+    In cozy winter beds.
+
+  And now the riotous sunbeams come;
+    They draw the curtains wide;
+  Nor leave untouched the smallest nook
+    Where sleepy buds may hide.
+
+  "Awake! awake!" the whole Earth cries:
+    "King Winter's reign is past;
+  His crown he yields to his fairest child,
+    And Spring is Queen at last."
+
+
+
+
+SALT AND ITS VALUE.
+
+
+All our young readers know the value of that familiar and useful
+substance, salt, which enters so largely into our daily wants, and is so
+essential to our existence. Formerly prisoners in Holland were kept from
+the use of salt; but this deprivation produced such terrible diseases
+that this practice was abolished. The Mexicans, in old times, in cases
+of rebellion, deprived entire provinces of this indispensable commodity,
+and thus left innocent and guilty alike to rot to death.
+
+This mineral is frequently mentioned in the Bible. The sacrifices of the
+Jews were all seasoned with salt, and we read of a _covenant_ of salt.
+Salt was procured by the Hebrews from the hills of salt which lie about
+the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, and from the waters of that sea,
+which overflow the banks yearly, and leave a deposit of salt both
+abundant and good.
+
+Among ancient nations salt was a symbol of friendship and fidelity, as
+it is at present among the Arabs and other Oriental people. In some
+Eastern countries, if a guest has tasted salt with his host, he is safe
+from all enemies, even although the person receiving the salt may have
+committed an injury against his entertainer himself.
+
+Among the common people all over Scotland, a new house, or one which a
+new tenant was about to enter, was always sprinkled with salt by way of
+inducing "good luck." Another custom of a curious nature once prevailed
+in England and other countries in reference to salt. Men of rank
+formerly dined at the same table with their dependents and servants. The
+master of the house and his relations sat at the upper end, where the
+floor was a little raised. The persons of greatest consequence sat next,
+and all along down the sides, toward the bottom of the table, the
+servants were placed according to their situations. At a certain part of
+the table was placed a large salt vat, which divided the superior from
+the inferior classes. Sitting _above_ the salt was the mark of a
+gentleman or man of good connections, while to sit _beneath_ it showed a
+humble station in society.
+
+Salt is found in greater or less quantities in almost every substance on
+earth, but the waters of the sea appear to have been its first great
+magazine. It is found there dissolved in certain proportions, and two
+purposes are thus served, namely, the preservation of that vast body of
+waters, which otherwise, from the innumerable objects of animal and
+vegetable life within it, would become an insupportable mass of
+corruption, and the supplying of a large proportion of the salt we
+require in our food, and for other purposes. The quantity of salt
+contained in the sea (according to the best authorities) amounts to
+_four hundred thousand billion_ cubic feet, which, if piled up, would
+form a mass one hundred and forty miles long, as many broad, and as many
+high, or, otherwise disposed, would cover the whole of Europe, islands,
+seas, and all, to the height of the summit of Mont Blanc, which is about
+sixteen thousand feet in height.
+
+If salt, however, were only to be obtained from the sea, the people who
+live on immense continents would have great difficulty in supplying
+themselves with it; and here you see how kindly Providence watches over
+the comfort of human creatures, for nature has provided that the sea, on
+leaving those continents, all of which were once overspread with it,
+should deposit vast quantities of salt, sufficient to provide for the
+necessities of the inhabitants of those parts. In some places the salt
+is exposed on the surface of the ground in a glittering crust several
+inches thick; in others, thicker layers have been covered over with
+other substances, so that salt now requires to be dug for like coal or
+any other mineral. Salt is found in this last shape in almost every part
+of the world; though in the vast empire of China it is so scarce that it
+is smuggled into that country in large quantities.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A SUN-DIAL.
+
+
+Our young friends would, we doubt not, like to know how to make a
+sun-dial that will give the time very accurately. Common sun-dials
+depend on the shadow of a post, which is thick and heavy, and affords
+only a very rough idea of the time. But the one we are going to tell
+them about will show the time as precisely as a clock. And it is quite
+easy to make. It has, in the first place, a face set up slanting on a
+pedestal. The proper slant answers to the latitude of the place. At and
+near New York it should be about forty-one degrees from the
+perpendicular, or a little more than half upright. The face is divided
+into hour spaces, just like the face of a clock, but the whole circle is
+not used. A semicircle is all that the sun can traverse, except in the
+long days of summer. The fourth part of a circle is about all that can
+be used in ordinary windows. It will answer for the hours between nine
+o'clock and three. It is divided into six equal parts for the hour
+spaces, and each of these is subdivided for the minutes. If the radius
+of the circle be one foot, the minute spaces will be about one-sixteenth
+of an inch, or about the same as on the face of a watch. The dividing is
+easily done with a pair of compasses, a ruler, and a sharp lead-pencil.
+
+Now we will explain the indicator. It is made of three pieces--a base
+and two uprights. The base is fifteen inches long, three wide, and
+three-quarters of an inch thick. The uprights are of the same thickness,
+and about seven inches high. They are morticed into the base, and have
+the shape shown in the picture. A hole half an inch in diameter is bored
+through the upright at A, and another at B. Over each of these holes
+pieces of tin are tacked, with a little hole in the centre about as
+large as a pin's head. When the sun-dial is placed in position, the sun
+shines through these holes, and makes a little bright circle on the
+other upright. The upper hole, A, is for summer, when the sun is high,
+and the lower one, B, for winter. The indicator is pivoted by a large
+screw to the centre, C, of the face, so that it can be turned round like
+the hand of a clock. At the upper end of the indicator a little pointer
+is fastened directly over the scale of hours and minutes. A needle, or a
+pin with the head cut off, makes a good pointer.
+
+After the sun-dial is made, the next thing is to set it in its proper
+position, which is so that when the pointer is at XII. it will also be
+directed exactly south, while the lower end of the indicator is to the
+north. Then, at noon by sun time, the sun will make its little bright
+circle exactly in the middle of the lower upright. A line should be
+drawn up and down to show the middle; then this line will cut the sun
+circle equally in two. To find out the time before and after noon, the
+indicator is moved so that the sun circle will fall on the same middle
+line, and the pointer will show the time. This sun time differs somewhat
+from clock time. The difference for every day in the year is given by
+the almanacs, and very exactly by the Nautical Almanac. This difference
+being added or subtracted, makes known the true clock time. Thus, for
+the 1st of March, clock time is twelve minutes faster than sun time.
+Hence noon by the sun-dial is just that much later than noon by the
+clock. Any of our readers who have a little mechanical skill can make a
+sun-dial, on the plan described, that, when put in proper position, will
+be more reliable than the best of clocks, and that will be found a
+convenient means of setting them right. But don't despise the clocks;
+for very likely you will have to resort to one in order to get the
+sun-dial in position; and then, too, remember that the sun does not
+shine all the while, but is very fond of hiding behind clouds.
+
+
+
+
+[Begun in No. 19 of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, March 9.]
+
+ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE.
+
+A True Story.
+
+BY J. O. DAVIDSON.
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+FRANK AND THE CAPTAIN.
+
+
+Austin was still the centre of an admiring group, when a deep voice made
+itself heard from behind.
+
+"Say, mates, ye'd better let the lad git on some dry duds, 'stead o'
+fussin' over him that way; why, he's as wet as the lee scuppers."
+
+Frank recognized old Herrick, the quartermaster, who had roused him from
+his nap on the coil of rope the first night of the voyage.
+
+"Come, youngster," pursued the old man, "hurry up and git a dry shirt
+on. What d'ye look so queer for?--hain't ye got nary one?"
+
+Frank explained that his bag and bundle had "disappeared somehow,"
+before they had been two days at sea.
+
+"Stolen, I reckon," growled a sailor; "but 'twarn't nobody on the
+fo'c'stle as done it, anyhow. It's been some o' them blessed
+firemen--thievin' wharf-rats every one!"
+
+"Ay, _they're_ the boys for hookin' things," added another. "Last v'y'ge
+I made, there was a fireman we called Sandy, as I'd seen hangin' around
+my sea-chest jist afore I missed suthin'. So I fixed a fish-hook to the
+lock, and nex' day Mr. Sandy had a precious sore finger somehow; and
+from that day for'ard we never called him nothing but 'Sandy Hook'. [A
+loud laugh from the rest applauded the joke.] But _I_'ll lend the
+younker a shirt, willin'."
+
+"And I."
+
+"And I."
+
+"Well, look'ee here, boys," said old Herrick, "let's give him poor
+Allen's chest and kit. _He_'ll never need it more, poor fellow, and I've
+heerd him say he'd nary relation ashore. Seems to me Frank's the one as
+ought to have it: what say ye all?"
+
+All agreed, and the drowned man's chest was pulled out and rummaged. Out
+came caps, jackets, trousers, shirts, sea-boots. Out came three or four
+letters and a photograph, which were laid aside to be handed over to the
+purser; and lastly, out came a small, well-thumbed Bible of
+old-fashioned look, which Herrick (after eying it thoughtfully for a
+moment) put into his own pocket.
+
+"Whew! who'd ha' thought Allen kep' a Bible?"
+
+"I _have_ seen him spellin' in it, though, once and again; but he always
+shet it up when anybody cum nigh him."
+
+"Well, well, 'twarn't _it_ as brought him his ill luck, anyhow. Now,
+young un, let's see how the duds fit you."
+
+But, as might have been expected, everything was "miles too big," and
+bagged about him in such a way as to make one of the men remark, with a
+grin, that "if he carried so much loose canvas, he'd founder in the
+first squall."
+
+"We must take in a reef or two, then, that's all," said Herrick. "Bear a
+hand, my boy, and we'll soon turn you out ship-shape."
+
+[Illustration: FRANK AND OLD HERRICK.]
+
+To work went the two amateur tailors, while Frank seized the chance of
+taking a good look at his new friend. The old tar was certainly well
+worth looking at. Tall, broad-shouldered, active, with his brown hard
+face framed in iron-gray hair and beard--a pleasant twinkle in the keen
+blue eyes that looked out from beneath his bushy brows, and a kindly
+smile flickering over his rugged features ever and anon, like sunshine
+upon a bare moor--he looked the very model of one of those sturdy old
+sea-dogs who held their own against England's stoutest "hearts of oak"
+in the old days of '76.
+
+As he worked on, making stitches which, though they would have horrified
+a fashionable tailor, were at least strong and durable, he began to pour
+forth a series of yarns, a tithe of which would "set up" any novelist
+for life. Fights with West-Indian pirates; hair-breadth escapes from
+polar icebergs; picturesque cruises among the Spice Islands; weary days
+and nights in a calm off the African coast, on short allowance of water,
+with the burning sun melting the very pitch out of the seams--were
+"reeled off" in unbroken succession, while Frank listened open-mouthed,
+and more than once forgot his tailoring altogether.
+
+But the stroke of a bell overhead broke in upon the talk.
+
+"My watch on deck," said the old man, springing up as nimbly as a boy.
+"Now, lad, slip on them togs agin. Ay, _now_ you look all a-taunto."
+
+Frank was indeed improved. His shore clothes, which, with grease,
+coal-dust, tar, salt-water, and the rents made by the fight with Monkey,
+were (as the boatswain said) "not fit for a 'spectable scarecrow to wear
+of a Sunday," were exchanged for a blue flannel shirt and a pair of trim
+white canvas trousers. A neat black silk handkerchief was knotted around
+his neck, and his battered "stiff-rim" replaced by a jaunty sailor cap.
+
+"Hello, youngster! the cap'n wants yer," shouted a sailor, as Frank
+appeared on deck.
+
+"You're in luck, my boy," said Herrick. "Keep a stiff upper lip, but
+don't speak unless you're spoken to, and then say as little as you can."
+
+On entering the captain's room Frank found the latter busied in
+"pricking out" the ship's course on the chart, and was thus able to
+survey him at leisure. Captain Gray's plain black suit and standing
+collar, his grayish-brown hair, close-cut whiskers, and mild expression,
+made him look more like a preacher than like one who had led a forlorn
+hope over the ruins of Fort Sumter, and had captured, single-handed, the
+ringleader of a dangerous mutiny in the West Indies. This mutiny,
+however, had occurred aboard another vessel, for nothing of the sort had
+ever been heard of on his own. The crew "froze to him" in all he did or
+said; and any "sea-lawyer" who tried to breed a disturbance soon found
+the _Arizona_ too hot for him.
+
+"Talk 'bout the officers as ye like," was the constant saying on the
+forecastle, "but nary word agin the old 'deacon.'"
+
+For, strange to say, Captain Gray _was_ a deacon when ashore, and not a
+few of his best hands were members of the old white church at home in
+Nantucket.
+
+[Illustration: THE CAPTAIN'S ROOM.]
+
+His room was like himself--simple, but perfectly orderly. A neat bed,
+with snow-white coverlet and pillow; a little cupboard beside it,
+containing a pitcher and wash-basin; a Bible in a neat wooden rack on a
+small table; a rifle, cutlass, and two revolvers, all bright and clean,
+hanging on the wall above it; a cabinet of books, mostly works of travel
+and navigation; several chairs, on one of which lay the captain's coat
+and cap; and a curtain along the wall, above which appeared various
+articles of clothing hung on pegs.
+
+Presently the captain looked up, and after "figuring" a moment on a slip
+of paper, touched a bell. Instantly a panel flew open, and a hoarse
+voice shouted, "Ay, ay, sir!"
+
+"How's her head now, quartermaster?"
+
+"S.E. by S., sir."
+
+"All right; keep her so."
+
+"Ay, ay, sir;" and the panel closed again.
+
+Then, for the first time, the captain appeared to become aware of
+Frank's presence, and bending forward, fixed upon him a look that seemed
+to read his very soul. It was a proverb with the crew of the _Arizona_
+that "no rogue could ever face the old man's eye;" and although he was
+never known to utter an oath or unseemly word, his very glance had more
+effect than any amount of bluster and bullying.
+
+"So you're the boy who oiled the outboard bearing to-day? I hear you've
+been fighting with Monkey. We won't say any more about that now, but
+don't let it happen again. Can you read and write?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Is this your handwriting on the ship's articles, and in the store-room
+account-book?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Have you studied arithmetic? Well, then, work me out this example."
+
+Austin obeyed.
+
+"Right," said the captain, glancing at the result. "After this, Mr.
+Hurst [the chief engineer] will put you in the place of the oiler who
+was lost this morning. The fifty dollars reward is in the purser's
+hands, where I advise you to leave it till you really need it. You may
+go now. Good-night."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"What! couldn't they make ye nothin' better'n a kettle-iler?" growled
+old Herrick, on hearing the result of the interview; for, like a true
+sailor of the old school, he abominated everything connected with "that
+'ere new-fangled steam." "A _sailor's_ what you're cut out for, and a
+sailor's what every man ought to be as can. Howsomdever, there's no fear
+but you'll git on well enough with the old man; for he's a good feller,
+if ever there was one. We shipped together for our first v'y'ge, him and
+me, when we were no bigger'n you are; and if we ever part comp'ny agin,
+'twon't be _my_ fault, anyhow."
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+HOUSEHOLD PETS.
+
+
+An amusing story is told of a modern puss which sailed across the seas.
+A Polynesian missionary took a cat with him to the island of Raratonga,
+but Puss, not liking her new abode, fled to the mountains. One of the
+new converts, a priest who had destroyed his idol, was one night,
+sleeping on his mat, when his wife, who sat watching beside him, was
+terribly alarmed by the sight of two small fires gleaming in the
+doorway, and by the sound of a plaintive and mysterious voice. Her blood
+curdling with fear, she awoke her husband, with wifely reproaches on his
+folly in having burned his god, who was now come to be avenged on them.
+
+The husband, opening his eyes, saw the same glaring lamps, heard the
+same dismal sound, and, in an agony of fright, began to recite the
+alphabet, by way of an incantation against the powers of darkness. The
+cat on hearing the loud voices felt as much alarm as she had caused, and
+fled in the darkness, leaving the worthy pair much relieved.
+
+A short while afterward Puss took up her quarters in a retired temple,
+where her "mews" struck terror into the breasts of the priest and
+worshippers who came with offerings to the gods. They fled in all
+directions, shouting, "A monster from the deep! a monster from the
+deep!" to return with a large body of their companions in full war
+array, with spears, clubs, and shields, and faces blackened with
+charcoal. The cat, however, was too nimble for them, and escaped through
+the midst of their ranks, sending these brave warriors flying in every
+direction.
+
+That night, however, Puss, tired of her lonely life, foolishly entered a
+native hut, and creeping beneath the coverlet under which the whole
+family were lying, fell asleep. Her purring awoke the owner of the hut,
+who procured the help of some other models of valor, and with their
+assistance murdered poor Pussy in her tranquil and confiding slumbers.
+
+But cats, though thus at first misunderstood, were afterward welcomed in
+Raratonga, which was devastated with a plague of rats. The missionaries
+imported a cargo consisting of pigs, cocoa-nuts, and cats.
+
+A youthful clerk who was once appointed to make out an invoice of
+shipments on a Mississippi steamer, was perplexed by the item of "Four
+boxes of tom-cats." On inquiry, the mystery was solved. "Why," said the
+indignant sutler, "that means four boxes of _tomato catsup_. Don't you
+understand abbreviations?"
+
+An amusing reason is given for cats washing their faces after a meal. A
+cat caught a sparrow, and was about to devour it, but the sparrow said,
+
+"No gentleman eats till he has first washed his face."
+
+The cat, struck with this remark, set the sparrow down, and began to
+wash his face, on which the sparrow flew away. This vexed Pussy
+extremely, and he said,
+
+"As long as I live I will eat first, and wash my face afterward."
+
+Which all cats do even to this day.
+
+Here is another cat and sparrow fable:
+
+"I wonder," said a sparrow, "what the eagles are about, that they don't
+fly away with the cats? And now I think of it, a civil question can not
+give offense." So the sparrow finished her breakfast, went to the eagle,
+and said: "May it please your Majesty, I see you and your race fly away
+with the birds and the lambs, that do no harm. But there is not a
+creature so malignant as a cat; she prowls about our nests, eats up our
+young, and bites off our own heads. She feeds so daintily that she must
+be herself good eating. Why do you not feed upon a cat?"
+
+"Ah!" said the eagle, "there is sense in your question. I had a worm
+here this morning, asking me why I did not breakfast upon sparrows. Do I
+see a morsel of worm's skin on your beak, my child?"
+
+The sparrow cleaned his bill upon his bosom, and said, "I should like to
+see the worm that made that complaint."
+
+"Come forward, worm," the eagle said. But when the worm appeared, the
+sparrow snapped him up and ate him, after which he went on with his
+argument against the cats.
+
+
+
+
+HOW HE BROUGHT HIS ENGINE DOWN.
+
+BY CHARLES BARNARD.
+
+
+It was one of the most difficult parts of the whole line. A range of
+high hills lay directly north and; south, and the railroad ran nearly
+east and west; that is, the stations on each side of the range of hills
+lay east and west, but to cross the range the road wound about in the
+most complicated and curious fashion. At the summit of the range, where
+the line crossed, there was a water tank, and a cross-over switch, and a
+house for the line-man. This place was eight miles from the station, on
+the east side, as the crow flies; by rail it was seventeen miles, a
+steady up grade all the way. All the west-bound trains had to have help
+in getting over this seventeen-mile grade, and for this service there
+were several pushing-engines kept there to go behind the trains, and
+help them up the grade. When the top of the grade was reached, the
+trains went on, for there were no passengers to be taken or left there.
+The line-man's house was the only house within five miles, and all the
+rugged hills round about were covered with deep woods. The
+pushing-engines that came up the grade usually stopped for a moment or
+two for water, took the cross-over switch, and ran back on the down
+track without using steam, as it was down grade all the way. Of course
+all east-bound trains, both freight and passenger, came down without
+help, and, in fact, without using steam, except to get a good start at
+the top.
+
+One day a long freight train moving west came to the foot of the grade,
+and took on an extra engine to help it up the hill. This extra engine
+stood on a siding, and when the freight had passed, it drew out on the
+main line, and took its place behind the train. It was not coupled to
+the train, as its duty was merely to push behind. There were about
+thirty-five cars in the train, chiefly empty grain cars going west, and
+with a "caboose" behind. There were half a dozen brakemen and the
+conductor scattered along the train on top of the cars. All these points
+you must remember, to understand what happened soon after.
+
+The line for the seventeen miles up the grade is very crooked, with
+several high embankments and very sharp turns. Not a nice bit of road
+for a fast run with a heavy train. Nearly all the distance is through
+thick woods, so that the brave engineer's deeds were not seen by any one
+save the few men who were on the train, and in the greatest peril.
+
+The two engines and long line of cars crept slowly up the grade, and
+without accident, till almost at the top. The forward engine reached the
+top, and kept straight on; there was no need to stop; and when the train
+fairly passed the summit, and began to descend the grade on the western
+side of the hills, the pushing-engine merely stopped, and was left
+behind. Just then something very singular happened. The engineer
+reversed his engine, and started to run back to the cross-over switch
+that was just below. He intended to take the down track, and return to
+the station, seventeen miles below. The station-master was at the
+switch, and had already opened it. Suddenly the fireman gave a cry, and
+the engineer looked out his forward window to see what had happened. The
+train was still in sight up the line, but it was moving down instead of
+up. It had broken apart. A coupling had given way, and some of the cars
+were rolling down the grade right on to his engine. He could see the men
+on top waving their hands for him to get out of the way. The
+freight-cars had broken loose, and were running away. The men on top
+could not stop them.
+
+Where would it end? Where would the cars go? Would they ever reach the
+bottom of the long grade without jumping the rails at some sharp curve,
+only to plunge into the woods down some lofty embankment? No time to
+think about that. The thing to do was to get out of the way, and prevent
+the runaway train from dashing into the engine. He whistled to the
+station-master to close the switch, and give him the clear line. He must
+run away from the runaway train. He put on steam, and started down the
+grade. The station-master seemed to understand what had happened, and
+promptly closed the switch. Faster and faster rolled the cars, and the
+engine shot ahead to keep out of the way.
+
+Now for a race for life and death. If he kept ahead, he was safe--safe
+from collision, but not from running off the line at the terrible curves
+below. On and on the engine flew, down and down through the woods, till
+the trees seemed to whirl past in a dizzy dance. Faster and faster came
+the train gaining speed at every rail. How the woods roared with the
+rush of the runaway cars, and the engine flying on before! The cars
+swayed from side to side, and the men on top sat down, as if calmly
+waiting their dreadful fate. They swept round a curve, and the engineer
+had a chance to look back up the line, and saw to his dismay that there
+were more cars behind. A second and shorter train was fast following the
+first. The train had evidently broken into three parts, and two of the
+parts, one of eighteen cars, and one of nine cars, were tearing down the
+grade at forty miles an hour. It was a killing pace, and growing worse
+every second. It was sure death to all to keep it up much longer.
+Something must be done to save engine, men, and cars.
+
+The engine was using steam, and kept ahead of the cars; but it could not
+do so much longer. What if he let them gain on him, and then time the
+speed till they collided? It was a desperate experiment, but he would
+try it. Slowly and very carefully he took off the steam, and ran slower.
+In a moment he had the speeds just alike. Then he made the pace of the
+engine a little less, and a little less, while the roaring and swaying
+train came nearer and nearer. Both were still flying down the grade at a
+fearful pace. The men on the cars watched the engine sharply. They saw
+what the engineer meant to do. If he succeeded, he would save their
+lives--provided he could let the cars strike the engine, could hitch on,
+and then pull ahead before the train behind smashed into them from the
+rear. On and on flew train and engine. Slowly they drew nearer, and at
+last they bumped with a gentle jar. The fireman was on the pilot all
+ready to couple on. He dropped the pin in the coupling, and the men on
+the car gave a ringing cheer that was heard above the roar of the train;
+and the engineer opened the throttle wide, and away they dashed down the
+grade, just in time to escape the train behind.
+
+The men wanted to climb down on the engine to shake hands with the
+engineer, but he motioned them back. The danger was not over. One of the
+men stood on top of the caboose, with his back to the engine and his
+arms extended. One of the others held him up, for the cars swayed
+frightfully in the terrible pace they were going. He watched the train
+following behind, and with his hands made motions to the engineer to run
+slower and slower, till, with a crash, the two parts of the train came
+together. This feat was not so successful as the first, as the engineer
+could not see the rear cars. The engine was reversed, and the brakes put
+on, and they came to a stop--not a wheel off the metals, and not a man
+hurt. Two of the cars badly smashed, but that was all. What had
+threatened to be a fearful disaster, with a loss of men, engine, and
+cars, was only a slight splintering of two cars that the carpenters
+could repair in a day. They had a general shaking of hands alone there
+in the woods over the engineer's splendid feat; and for months it was
+told to listening men in every flag station and freight-house along the
+line how the brave and cool engineer brought his engine down the
+seventeen-mile grade.
+
+
+
+
+AN OFFICER'S DOG.
+
+BY BOB THORNBURGH.
+
+
+  FORT OMAHA, NEBRASKA, _March 2, 1880_.
+
+I am eight years old, and I have a Gordon setter--liver and white--just
+as old as I am. His name is Paul. He was born in Tennessee, and given to
+my papa as a puppy, and soon learned to be a good retriever, to carry
+newspapers and bundles, and to bring papa's slippers to him.
+
+When I was old enough to crawl, he would watch to see that I did not get
+hurt, and if I got too near a flight of steps, he would stand between me
+and them, and pull my dress to get me away. If I went to crawl under
+him, he would lie down, and over him, he would stand up, and so guarded
+me safe till my nurse came, and she often found me asleep with my head
+on Paul's back, who kept still till I waked up.
+
+At Fort Foote, Maryland, Paul became an excellent hunter, and was out
+with my papa nearly every day, bringing home plenty of quail and other
+game. He was a happy dog, taking great interest in garrison life, always
+attending retreat and tattoo with the officer of the day, and even going
+the rounds with him on his tour of inspection after midnight. No weather
+was too bad for Paul, who knew every note of the bugle, and was always
+on hand at the proper "call."
+
+When we went to Fort Brown, Texas, Paul staid behind for cooler weather;
+then he was sent around by sea from New York. He landed at Point Isabel,
+and came over by rail to Brownsville, where my papa met him early one
+morning. Paul barked a welcome at once, and was wild with joy when papa
+released him from the box in which he had travelled, and let him run
+after him out to our quarters. I was still asleep, but Paul knew I must
+be near, so he ran all over the house till he found my bed, when he
+jumped in, and lay down beside me; it woke me up, and we had a fine
+meeting, after six months' separation.
+
+When I went out to ride on my Mexican pony--General Robertson--with our
+boy Florentio, then Paul, and then Billy (my goat), we made quite a
+procession. Paul always looked so dignified, and never noticed one of
+Billy's tricks, who pranced along, butting him in the funniest way, and
+trying to attract his attention.
+
+Poor Paul's misfortunes began in Texas, where a large black dog bit him
+through the shoulder, causing a lameness that has never left him, and
+making him hate all black dogs.
+
+After I went North, Paul went with my papa all over Texas, from one fort
+to another, and always rode in his ambulance, which he would leave for
+no one but him. At one of the upper posts he once followed a
+deserter--who had fed him--and to avoid suspicion, the man put Paul down
+a deep hole, and left him. After searching some time, my papa at last
+found him; but he was almost starved, as he had had nothing to eat for
+several days.
+
+Paul next went with us to Omaha, where he suffered from the great change
+of climate, and was too lame for much hunting. He was very jealous of
+our two other dogs, Tom and Bill, and would not let them come near my
+sister, brother, or me.
+
+Then we went to Fort Steele, Wyoming, where he hunted a little, and
+played with me a great deal. The high and dry air did him good. He was
+very fond of my little brother George--our "Centennial baby," whose
+birthday was the 22d of February. When George and I got the scarlet
+fever, Paul would visit both our rooms, and look so sorry for us. After
+Georgie "fell asleep," Paul would trot off every day, alone, to the
+cemetery, and lie down by his "resting-place" awhile, then get up and
+walk home again, his mind satisfied.
+
+Paul has always been an "officer's dog," and never visited the barracks
+at any post, and will not follow soldiers, except the one who feeds him.
+He dislikes citizens, and any stranger _not_ in uniform arouses his
+suspicions at once, and he watches him closely till satisfied he is a
+friend of ours; but did he wear _uniform_, it would be all right at
+first.
+
+Paul is now at Fort Omaha on the "retired list," and valued for "the
+good he has done." He is getting as fat as a seal, and has the gout--my
+sister says the go-out. But he's a good old fellow. My grandpa takes
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE for me, and I like it so much I thought I would
+like to tell you about my dog.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT ON THE MARCH.]
+
+THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT.
+
+
+When the Thirty Years' War was finally brought to a termination by the
+treaty of peace of Westphalia, which was concluded at Nuremberg in 1560,
+the authorities of that place ordered in commemoration public rejoicings
+of various kinds--banquets, balls, fire-works, etc. But among all these
+public diversions, none was more distinguished for singularity and
+originality, and perhaps childish simplicity, than the procession of
+lads and boys on sticks or hobby-horses. Thus mounted, they rode,
+regularly divided into companies, through the streets, and halted before
+the hotel of the Red Horse, where was staying the Imperial Commissioner,
+Duc D'Amali.
+
+The Duke was so pleased with the novel cavalcade that he requested a
+repetition of the same procession at an early day of the following week,
+which they performed in much larger numbers. On arriving before his
+hotel, the Duke distributed amongst them small square silver medals
+which he had in the interval caused to be struck. The coin represented
+on the obverse a boy on a hobby-horse with whip in hand, and the year
+1560 was inscribed in the centre, while the reverse represented the
+double eagle and armorial bearings of Austria, with the inscription,
+"Vivat Ferdinandus III., Rom. Imp. vivat!"
+
+
+
+
+THE LITTLE SWISS MAN.
+
+
+There was once a little Swiss man who had a mind and will of his own. He
+was one inch high, and carved out of wood by the busy people of Brienz,
+in the long cold winter season. Perhaps the bit of wood out of which he
+was cut was unusually hard, and even knotted; but certainly he had more
+character than his companions, the pretty birds perched on boxes, the
+deer and chamois supporting vases, and all the trinkets made in that
+town, where the wooden houses with projecting roofs, and balconies
+filled with flowers, on the border of Lake Brienz, are precisely like
+the tiny toy mansions in shop windows.
+
+When he was finished, the little Swiss man was very proud of himself. He
+wore gaiters, a jacket, a broad straw hat--all in wood--and carried a
+creel on his back, as if just about to climb a mountain, laden with
+butter, cheese, or wine.
+
+The contents of the workshop were scattered like a handful of leaves in
+the wind. The chamois were sent to Paris and London, the little birds on
+the boxes journeyed as far as Russia and America, with the luggage of
+travellers.
+
+"I am sure to be much admired wherever I go," said the little Swiss man,
+with a smile, which was none the less conceited because it was a wooden
+one.
+
+Soon he found himself in the window of a shop at Geneva, and he was not
+immediately bought, to his own surprise. However, he was in very good
+company, although he took upon himself to look down on his companions,
+and he only an inch high!
+
+The shop was located on the Rue du Rhone, but the small window where the
+toys were exposed opened on the rear. The river Rhone, of a beautiful
+color, as pure as ice, quitting the Lake Leman above, swept down under
+the bridges past this window, dividing the city of Geneva. Had the
+little Swiss man possessed any eyes except for his own importance, he
+would have found the view from his shelf interesting. On the right the
+Isle Rousseau was visible, where the ducks and swans live; opposite, a
+foot-bridge crossed the rushing Rhone; and below were the tall old
+houses of the island, with plants in the windows, terminating in a clock
+tower. Along the river margin the Geneva washer-women toiled all day,
+not like those of America, scrubbing at a steaming wash-tub, but under
+long sheds which appeared to float on the surface of the stream, and
+dipping their linen in the flowing water.
+
+The little Swiss man could not understand why he was not bought
+immediately. To be sure, the next shop displayed sparkling heaps of
+crystal, veined agate, and onyx, yet he found himself better than all.
+Children paused before the pane, and laughed with delight, pointing out
+different objects. Our hero took all this admiration to himself as his
+due. On the same shelf was a goose, wearing top-boots, the Ulster of a
+tourist, a bag fastened over his shoulder with a strap, and an eyeglass.
+Here were to be found also a fat little boy in India rubber, from
+Nuremberg; a beautiful pasteboard theatre, with a lady of blue paper
+advancing from a side scene; tiny Swiss houses in boxes; two
+rope-dancers hanging over their cord; balls and tops. The shelf below
+held the most tempting dishes, representing cakes and dessert, in china,
+ever placed on the table of a doll-house; wax babies rocking in cradles;
+tiny lamps; sewing-machines; miniature goats and cows.
+
+The little Swiss man observed especially a large bear of Berne, wearing
+a cotton night-cap with a red tassel, and a white shirt collar, who
+carried a hand-organ, and a good St. Bernard dog, with the flask
+suspended about his throat, ready to help the poor wanderers lost in the
+snow. Beyond was an interesting company of monkeys on a music-box, some
+playing harps, others scraping violins in obedience to the head monkey,
+who stood in the attitude of a leader of the orchestra, wearing a black
+coat with long tails. The vain little Swiss man fancied the passers-by
+paused only to admire him.
+
+Night came, and the master of the shop closed the door, placed shutters
+before the show-cases, and seated himself at his desk. The little window
+in the rear was still uncovered, and revealed the light on the desk
+where the master wrote. He heard the scratching of his pen on the paper,
+and the patter of rain-drops outside, for the night was stormy. There
+was another sound in the shop, softer than fall of the rain, and finer
+than chirp of a cricket, or humming sound of a mosquito: the toys in the
+window were talking together.
+
+"I have been here for a month, and everybody says I am too dear at five
+francs," said the goose in top-boots.
+
+"How could you expect to sell, when I am in the same window?" growled
+the bear.
+
+"What do you say?" cackled the goose, indignantly.
+
+"He is only a bear," said one of the rope-dancers, cutting a caper.
+
+"Do you know who I am?" retorted the bear, with dignity. "I am the Bear
+of Berne. You will find me on the shield of the city, and kept in a pit
+by the citizens to this day."
+
+"What is the use of boasting?" interposed the St. Bernard dog,
+pettishly. "The bears of Berne live in idleness; they walk about in a
+pit all day, or stand on their hind-legs begging for nuts. A St. Bernard
+dog is better employed, I should hope. We save the travellers in the
+snow who lose their way on the great St. Bernard mountain. If you wish
+to see the dog Barry, who saved fifteen lives, look for him in the Berne
+Museum, stuffed, and kept in a glass case."
+
+The bear was very cross at this reply. He pulled his cotton night-cap
+over his right eye, which gave him a very savage appearance, and turned
+the handle of his organ as if his life depended on it.
+
+"I am not Swiss; I am a German," said the Nuremberg fat boy, puffing out
+his India rubber cheeks.
+
+"Hear him!" cried the lady made of blue paper, on the stage of the
+little theatre--"hear the rubber boy boast of being a German, when there
+are French toys about!"
+
+At this all the little babies made of pink wax, in the cradles, laughed;
+and even the goats shook their heads, because they came from the Savoy
+side of Lake Geneva, which made them very French in their feelings.
+
+"If somebody would wind us up, we would play," said the monkeys.
+
+The little Swiss man listened.
+
+"I shall not stay in the shop window a month," he said.
+
+His neighbors looked at each other in surprise. On the wall was placed a
+card, and on it was grouped a bunch of flowers like white velvet.
+
+"See, we are above the rest of you; we are the Edelweiss," said these
+flowers. "We grow high up on the mountains, and as we can only bloom in
+such a pure air, a poet has compared us with Gratitude."
+
+At this moment something happened. A boy pressed his face against the
+pane, and stared at the toys. Crack!--a stone hit the glass, and the boy
+ran away. The wind and the rain swooped in together, upsetting the
+theatre, and knocking the dolls about. The master hastened to close the
+shutter.
+
+The little Swiss man had fallen outside.
+
+In the morning a porter passing by kicked the tiny bit of wood toward
+the parapet, and the next comer sent it spinning into the river.
+
+"Pride goes before a fall," said the St. Bernard dog.
+
+"Why did he feel so superior to the rest of us?" inquired the goose.
+
+"It was all in the grain of the wood," said the leading monkey.
+
+Below Geneva the Rhone joins the Arve, and the two rivers remain
+distinct for a long while--the Rhone like a green ribbon, and the Arve
+whitened by glacier torrents. Here a poor boy was fishing. What he
+caught was the little Swiss man, bobbing along on the stream, and he
+took this prize to the stone cottage, his home.
+
+"I am glad to be out of the water," thought our wooden hero. "All the
+same, I wish I was back in the shop window. Ah! I did not know
+gratitude, as the Edelweiss said."
+
+
+
+
+THE CANARY'S MUSIC LESSON.
+
+
+  "Now teach me your song, Canary," said Maud with the roguish eyes,
+  "And when father comes home with mother, I'll give them such a
+      surprise;
+  They'll think I am you, Canary, and wonder what set you free,
+  And nearly die a-laughing, when they find it is only me.
+  Teach me your song, Canary; I'll whistle it if I can;
+  Now open your throat, dear Tiptoe, and sing like a little man."
+
+  Tiptoe, the pretty fellow, cocked up his bright black eye,
+  As if to say, "Little mistress, it will do you no harm to try."
+  Then taking some slight refreshments, and polishing off his bill,
+  Broke into a rapture of singing that ended off with a trill;
+  And Maud, with her head bent forward, sat listening to his lay,
+  And fast as he sang, she whistled, till gathered the twilight gray.
+
+  Then she crept down to the parlor as quietly as a mouse:
+  The maids were in the kitchen, and no one else in the house.
+  And when the key in the doorway the dear little mischief heard,
+  She whistled away so sweetly, they thought it was surely the bird.
+  Hither and thither she flitted, behind the sofa and chairs;
+  Her mother cried, "Mercy, Edward! the bird! Is the cat down stairs?"
+
+  Wildly they stared around them, till, "It's me, it is me, papa!"
+  Said Maud, from her corner springing. Ah, then what a loud "Ha! ha!"
+  Rang through the room. Her father, convulsed, on the sofa sat.
+  Gravely appeared among them their sober old pussy cat.
+  Maud merrily laughed and shouted, "A cunning old cat like you--
+  To think _you_ should mistake me for a little canary too!"
+
+
+
+
+MODEL YACHT-BUILDING.
+
+A SLOOP-YACHT.
+
+
+The boat here described is a model of a sloop-yacht of about fifteen
+tons measurement, forty-four feet long, and fifteen feet beam; the
+model, on a scale of half an inch to the foot, being consequently
+twenty-two inches long, on the water-line, and seven and a half inches
+wide. The wood should be a block of clear dry pine, twenty-five inches
+long, seven and a half inches wide, and five inches thick, the sides
+being first planed square; then on one of the five-inch sides lines are
+drawn two inches apart across the block; the water-line (W L, Fig. 2) is
+drawn two inches and thirteen-sixteenths from the top at the end
+selected for the bow, and two inches and five-sixteenths at the stern;
+the stern-post (_s t_) is laid off, and the outer line of the stern
+(_t f_); and finally the curved lines _a f_ and _a v_ are drawn,
+completing what is called the sheer plan.
+
+In copying from the drawings it must be kept in mind that they are
+exactly one-fourth the full size, so that any distance taken from them
+with the dividers must be laid off four times on the block.
+
+To copy the curved lines, their distance from some line, as A B or W L,
+is measured on each of the two-inch lines, by which a number of points
+on the curve are found, and a line drawn as nearly as possible through
+all of them by means of a flexible ruler, held in place by pins.
+
+The block must now be cut away to the outline _a f t s v_, after which
+lines two inches apart are drawn on the top, the line A B drawn entirely
+around the block in the centre of the top, bottom, and ends, and Fig. 1
+drawn on top, both halves being of course the same.
+
+The block is next cut to the line _a b c d_, Fig. 1, the widest part
+being, not on deck, but along the line _c d_, as there is some "tumble
+home" from _b_ to the stern.
+
+The outline of the deck is _a b e f_, the stern being a segment of a
+circle of five inches radius.
+
+A piece of thin board must be cut of the shape of Fig. 5 (which is half
+size), which is the widest part of the boat, and is fourteen inches from
+the bow, and by using it for a guide, both sides may be cut out exactly
+alike.
+
+The stem piece, half an inch thick, and the stern-post, five-sixteenths
+of an inch, are sawed out, and tacked in place temporarily, and a wooden
+keel of the shape shown in Fig. 4 (marked "Lead Keel"), half an inch
+thick, tapering to five-sixteenths where it joins the stern-post, is
+fitted in between them.
+
+The shaping of the hull may now be completed, using a gouge, spokeshave,
+and rasp, keeping the midship section for a guide, and running the
+curved surfaces smoothly and evenly into the sides of the keel, stern,
+and stem, the latter tapering to five-sixteenths of an inch forward.
+
+The hole for the rudder-stock is next bored, one-fourth of an inch in
+diameter, and burned out with a moderately hot iron to five-sixteenths
+of an inch; then, should the stock swell when wet, it will not stick in
+the charred wood, but will still turn freely.
+
+The keel, stem, and stern are removed, to avoid injury to them, and the
+line _l m n o p_, Fig. 1, is drawn, after which the wood inside is cut
+away with a large gouge or carving tool, until it is one-fourth of an
+inch thick, care being taken to have it all an even thickness, and not
+to cut through at any point, and also to leave the wood solid around the
+rudder-hole.
+
+After the hollowing out is completed, a rabbet one-eighth of an inch
+wide and deep is cut to receive the deck, its outer line being
+_g h i k_, Fig. 1. Then a light deck beam is set in amidships, the mast
+step put in, and the inside of the hull and the bottom of the deck
+painted. The deck is of pine, one-eighth of an inch thick, and after
+being cut out should have lines scratched in with the compasses
+three-eighths of an inch from each edge to represent the water-ways, and
+parallel lines one-fourth of an inch apart scratched in to represent the
+joints of the deck plank.
+
+Now the deck is laid and tacked down, and the joints painted, and calked
+if needed, the stem and stern-post replaced permanently, and the
+bowsprit screwed to the deck and stem.
+
+The length of the bowsprit is eight and a half inches from the point
+_a_, Fig. 4, to the outer end, three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter,
+and three inches from _a_ to the inner end, where it is framed into the
+bitts, the inner end being half an inch square.
+
+A piece (_x_, Fig. 4) is next fitted on deck at the stern, forming the
+after portion of the bulwarks, which on the sides are one-eighth of an
+inch thick, flaring out at the bow, where they are nailed to the
+bowsprit, and tumbling in aft, where they are nailed to the piece _x_, a
+strip one-eighth of an inch thick (shown in Fig. 5) being first tacked
+to the deck, and the bulwarks nailed against it. Small brads should be
+used in nailing.
+
+The rail is of walnut or mahogany, one-fourth by three-thirty-secondths
+of an inch, nailed on top of the bulwarks, and running out on the
+bowsprit to a point (Fig. 3).
+
+For a sailing model a leaden keel of about two pounds is needed, a mould
+being made in plaster of Paris from the wooden pattern, and the melted
+lead poured in, after which it is smoothed with a plane. It is put on
+temporarily, and the boat, when rigged, put in the water; then enough
+may be planed off to make her trim properly, and the keel put on
+permanently.
+
+The mast is twenty-one inches from deck, where it is half an inch in
+diameter, to cap, where it is a quarter of an inch square, and the
+topmast is eleven inches long, projecting eight inches above the lower
+mast.
+
+The boom is twenty-two inches long, fitted to the mast by wire staples;
+and the gaff, fourteen inches long, has two jaws embracing the mast.
+
+All spars are of yellow pine; the rigging is of fishing-line; and the
+blocks, five-sixteenths of an inch long, and the dead-eyes, one-fourth
+of an inch in diameter, are cut out of any hard wood. The lower one of
+each pair of dead-eyes has a wire looped around it, the other end being
+turned up, and driven into the boat's side, as in Fig. 5.
+
+The upper end of each shroud has a loop spliced in, which goes over the
+mast-head, and a dead-eye is spliced into the lower end.
+
+The forestay has a loop at the top, and runs through the bowsprit,
+forming a bobstay.
+
+Davits are placed on each bow for the anchor, and two on each side for
+the boats, and a capstan stands just forward of the mast.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The sky-lights and companion way are of mahogany, and with the decks,
+spars, and rail, are varnished, the rest of the hull being painted
+black, white, or green, and that portion below the water-line being
+varnished, and dusted over with bronze powder, and when perfectly dry,
+varnished again, giving the appearance of metal sheathing.
+
+The sails are of muslin or lawn, and are laced to the boom and gaff and
+to curtain-rings on the mast, or for the jibs the common "eye" used for
+dresses makes a capital jib hank, and will slip readily up and down the
+forestay.
+
+The drawings show all the remaining details, and by following them
+carefully a handsome and able boat may be built.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE RABBITS AND THE TAR BABY.
+
+BY AGNES CARR.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+Ten little white rabbits once lived on the edge of a wood, in a snug
+little hole at the foot of a tall tree; and they were as happy as ten
+rabbits could be, for every day a good little girl, who lived just back
+of the wood, brought them their breakfast of white rolls and brown
+gingerbread; and near by there was a beautiful stream of clear, sweet
+water, where they went to drink, and which sang a merry tune to them as
+it went rippling along.
+
+But one morning when the little rabbits went for their water, they found
+the brook full of sticks and stones, and the water so muddy they could
+not drink it at all.
+
+"Who has done this?" asked Frisky, the oldest and wisest of the rabbits.
+
+"It was old Reynard the fox," said the brook; "and I am so choked up I
+can not sing."
+
+So the little rabbits set to work to clear away the dirt and rubbish,
+and did it so well that before long the brook began its gay song again,
+and the water was clear enough for them to drink.
+
+Next day, however, the stream was filled up again, and they had all the
+work to do over, until their little paws ached. So when, on the third
+morning, they found the water as muddy as ever, they all sat down on the
+bank and cried.
+
+At last Frisky jumped up and said, "It is no use to cry over muddy
+water; but we must do something to punish this old rascal of a fox, and
+make him leave our brook alone."
+
+"But what can we do?" asked his brothers and sisters.
+
+"Come with me, and I will show you."
+
+So the little rabbits followed Frisky to a pile of tar and pitch that
+some men had left; and out of it they made a black tar baby, which they
+set up on a rock close by the edge of the brook, with a piece of
+gingerbread in its mouth; and when night came, and the moon shone
+bright, they all hid behind a tree to see what would happen.
+
+Pretty soon the old fox smelled the gingerbread, and spied the baby on
+the rock.
+
+Then he came up close and said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a
+piece of your gingerbread, or I'll box your ears."
+
+The baby did not answer, so the old fox climbed up on the rock, and
+boxed her on the ear; and his paw stuck so fast he could not pull it
+away again.
+
+Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll box you on the other ear."
+
+The baby did not say a word, so he boxed her on the other ear, and his
+other paw stuck fast.
+
+Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll bite off your nose." Still the baby would not
+answer, so the fox bit at her nose; and his teeth stuck tight in the
+pitch, and he was almost choked with the tar.
+
+The little rabbits then all came out and danced around the wicked old
+fox, saying, "Now you can't choke the pretty brook, for your own mouth
+is choked with tar!"
+
+At last Frisky asked, "Now what shall we do with him?"
+
+"Leave him to starve," said one. "Set fire to his tail," said another.
+And they all proposed something, except Snowflake, the youngest and
+prettiest of the family, who said nothing until Frisky turned to her and
+asked, "And what would you do?"
+
+"I should let him go," replied Snowflake, "if he would promise not to
+trouble the water again."
+
+"Snowflake is right," said Frisky; "he has been punished enough. We will
+let him go."
+
+So they first loosened his mouth, and rubbed his teeth with butter to
+take off the tar, and when he had said three times, "Hope my tail may
+drop off if I ever hurt you or the brook again," they set his paws free,
+and he scampered off, and hid himself in his den in the wood.
+
+And the little rabbits lived happy forever after.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.]
+
+
+  BUFFALO, NEW YORK.
+
+     I am a teacher in one of the public schools of this city. I take
+     HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE to school with me, and my pupils enjoy it
+     very much.
+
+     I have the oldest children in the building, and they can
+     understand all of the pieces. I read them the articles as a reward
+     for good behavior and well-learned lessons, and let them copy and
+     work out the puzzles.
+
+     It would please you to see how anxiously they wait for each new
+     issue, and how happy they are when it comes. We are reading the
+     touching story of "Biddy O'Dolan" now, and I hope it will lead
+     them to think more about these unfortunate children, and try to do
+     what they can to make the life of some one a little happier.
+     Permit me to congratulate you on the success your paper has
+     achieved both here and abroad.
+
+  A TEACHER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PINAL CITY, ARIZONA TERRITORY.
+
+     I am a little girl ten years old. I live in Arizona, where the
+     great silver mines are, and where the cactus grows forty feet
+     high. There were only three white families in this place when we
+     came, three years ago. The place was called Picket Post then,
+     because soldiers were stationed here. I have several pets.
+     Nuisance is my pet deer. She is almost two years old, and is as
+     tame as my cat. She wears a red collar, so hunters will not kill
+     her. Bub is my pet donkey. I love my Arizona pets very much, but
+     not so much as my dear pet grandma, whom we left in Chicago. When
+     papa strikes it rich, we are going home to her.
+
+  PEARL R. BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     I have had a great many different kinds of pets, but two that
+     amused me the most were Charley, a snow-white rabbit, and Jet, a
+     black kitten. The two were good friends, and played together, and
+     ate out of the same dish. One day bunny stole a large red rose,
+     and came running into the house with it in his mouth, and Jet at
+     his heels. The deep red of the rose, the snowy rabbit, and black
+     Jet made a picture pretty enough to paint. After a while bunny
+     became very troublesome, and ate the paper off the dining-room
+     wall as high as he could reach. Then he was sent away, and Jet
+     seemed lonely for days. Soon after he disappeared, and my pets
+     since have been birds and dogs, but none were brighter and
+     prettier than Jet and Charley.
+
+  AGGIE R. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     The alligator I told you about [Post-office No. 19] was finally
+     found in a dark corner of the cellar. It only lived two days after
+     we found it.
+
+  PUSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ISHPEMING, MICHIGAN.
+
+     In a late number of YOUNG PEOPLE, Edwin A. H. wrote about his
+     cabinet of curiosities, and inquired if any other readers had one.
+     I would like to tell him that my brother and I each has a small
+     one.
+
+  F. B. MYERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     In answer to L. H. N.'s question in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 20, I would
+     say that the whale is dead.
+
+  JOHN R. BLAKE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
+
+     In YOUNG PEOPLE No. 18 there was a letter from Nellie R. asking
+     what to do for her parrot. In Holden's book on birds I found if
+     you feed your bird with too rich food, it causes a skin disease
+     and an itching sensation which the bird tries to relieve by
+     pulling out its feathers. The only remedy is to feed it on raw or
+     boiled carrots, or well-roasted pea-nuts.
+
+  LYDIA R. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     I would like to have you tell E. L. M., of Washington, that the
+     reason the mouse she used to feed is wild now is because mice are
+     very shy, and when they can get their supper without going in
+     danger, they will not take any foolish risk. Before E. L. M. fed
+     the little fellow, I suppose he was almost starved, and did not
+     think anything about getting hurt.
+
+  MABEL H. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ENTERPRISE, MISSISSIPPI.
+
+     I read YOUNG PEOPLE every week, and I like it very much. I am now
+     reading "Biddy O'Dolan." We have not had any snow and ice here
+     this winter, so we can not make snow images and skate, like our
+     little friends in the North. But we find other ways to amuse
+     ourselves. Our flowers are blooming very pretty. I wish I could
+     give you one of our fresh bouquets.
+
+  ADDIE CHAMBERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  OLD WESTBURY, LONG ISLAND.
+
+     This morning I made cake from Puss Hunter's recipe in YOUNG PEOPLE
+     No. 19. Mamma measured the things; but I made it all myself, and
+     it was lovely. I hope some other little girl will try it. I baked
+     it in two saucers. One cake we ate, and the other I cut in two,
+     and sent a piece to each of my grandmothers. I have a little
+     brother Sam. He is six years old, and the dearest little fellow in
+     the world. He and I have a nice dog. He is a pointer, and his name
+     is Perie. He is very handsome, but he is very naughty to cats. He
+     chases and kills them, so we can not have a kitty. I have six
+     dolls--three are French, and three are wax.
+
+  NELLIE T. WILLETS (8 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  FORT PREBLE, PORTLAND, MAINE.
+
+     I thought you might be interested to hear about some Indians who
+     were confined in the old Spanish fort at St. Augustine, Florida,
+     when I was there. They were sent from the West, as disturbers of
+     the friendly relations between us and their tribes. When they
+     first came they looked very wild and savage, with their red
+     blankets, and long black hair, of which the men were very proud:
+     but when they went away their hair was short; they wore shoes and
+     collars and neck-ties, and the United States uniform. They behaved
+     so well that they were allowed to post their own sentinels, were
+     drilled by the officer in charge of them, and made a very
+     respectable company. Many of them learned to read and write, and a
+     large number are now at school in Pennsylvania.
+
+  CAMPBELL HAMILTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  GROESBECK, OHIO.
+
+     My cousin Harry and I found some pepper-and-salt (or erigenia, as
+     my big sister calls it) on the east side of a hill in our woods on
+     the 28th of February. We also found spring-beauties and
+     pepper-root in bud. I never found wild flowers so early before.
+     Last year we found the first on the 11th of March.
+
+  HAZIE POOLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  GALLIPOLIS, OHIO.
+
+     I am seven and a half years old, and I go to school. I had a
+     canary named Sweet. It died, and I buried it under the kitchen
+     window. I take YOUNG PEOPLE, and like the Post-office best of all.
+     My cousin Lizzie made me a fire-fly out of pasteboard, and it
+     flies nicely.
+
+  HERBERT H. HENKING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  TOPEKA, KANSAS.
+
+     I am a subscriber to YOUNG PEOPLE. I think it is a very nice
+     paper. I have a little pet antelope, and we feed it out of a
+     bottle.
+
+  HENRY BLAKESLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     When I was four years old we had a young mule. The day it was born
+     my brother and I were going to see a little friend who lived near
+     us. I asked mamma if the mule could not go too, because it looked
+     very anxious to go. After that we always called it the anxious
+     mule.
+
+  WALTER H. C. (9 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ELDRED, NEW YORK, _March 10_.
+
+     The picture of a little girl pulling the Chinaman's pigtail, and
+     asking if it would ring, amused us very much, for it reminded us
+     of something that happened to my little brother. He went with papa
+     and mamma to the Centennial Exhibition. At first he was very shy
+     of the life-size groups dressed in the costumes of different
+     countries; but when he found they were not alive, he would go and
+     examine them very closely. When he visited the Chinese Department,
+     a gentleman stood there in full Chinese costume. The little fellow
+     ran up and touched his dress, thinking he was a figure like the
+     others, and was frightened almost to death when the supposed
+     figure stooped down and patted his cheek. Willow "pussies" were
+     here two weeks ago.
+
+  ELIZABETH E. BECK (10 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
+
+     I like YOUNG PEOPLE very much. My father is a clergyman, and he
+     says it is a good paper for boys and girls. I like to make
+     "Wiggles." I made a big pig from No. 9, but it was very crooked,
+     and looked like a calf. When I get to be a man, I will learn to
+     print newspapers, and I will put in lots of "Wiggles." I like the
+     new story, "Across the Ocean," very much.
+
+  THEO. F. JOHN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  HASTINGS, MINNESOTA.
+
+     In our school we use HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE for a reader, and we
+     all like it so much. We had a lesson to-day about "Tracking a
+     buried River." On Saturday before Washington's Birthday our
+     teacher let us have a school party. He bought candy and oranges
+     for us, and the boys and girls brought pies and cake. Some of the
+     teachers from the other schools came, and we set a table, and made
+     tea.
+
+  LUCY A. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  XENIA, OHIO, _March. 8, 1880_.
+
+     I have been to a sugar camp, and I saw how maple sugar is made.
+     When I did not want to stay in the camp, I ran over the hills, and
+     I went with the boys on the sled to gather sap, and I found some
+     pretty moss and flowers. When they made sugar, one of the boys
+     made me a little wooden ladle to eat it with.
+
+  JESSA HOOVEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  FORT CONCHO, TEXAS.
+
+     I wish that every boy and girl would read HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE,
+     for I like it very much. I like the puzzle part best of all. I
+     have read Bertie Brown's letter. I live at an army post too, but
+     there are no Indians here. We have prairie-dogs, all kinds of
+     cactus, and mesquite-trees. I have seen some big tarantulas, too.
+     I go to the post school every day. We have good times out here. I
+     am a little over ten years old.
+
+  ARTHUR W. DUNBAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     I would like to inquire if the pupils of a big school, of which I
+     am one, each send a short story, essay, poem, or a drawing to
+     YOUNG PEOPLE, if the one the editors think the best would be
+     published, with the name of the author.
+
+  B.
+
+We will publish such contributions, giving full name and address of
+author. But before being sent, the stories, poems, essays, and drawings
+must be submitted to your teacher, and only those forwarded to us which
+the teacher considers the best. We will ourselves make the final
+decision. The copy must be neatly written, and on one side of the paper
+only.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARTHUR M. M.--There will be a table of contents published at the end of
+every volume of YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HARRY S.--An answer to your question would occupy too much space in this
+department. It will, however, be made the subject of a separate article
+in some future number of YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+J. U. B.--Any taxidermist will give you the desired information.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JESSIE S.--The great Greenland whale which is found in the Northern
+Ocean has a throat so small that it can not swallow anything larger than
+a herring. Its principal food consists of a small marine mollusk, about
+an inch and a half long. It catches its dinner by rushing through the
+water with its immense jaws wide open. When its mouth is full, it ejects
+the water, while the whalebone fringe with which it is provided catches
+all the little sea-creatures, which serve as food for the monster. The
+sperm-whale has a much larger throat, and is said to be able to swallow
+a man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES H. B.--There are so many kinds of worms, snakes, and other
+little creatures which may be the architects of the holes you have
+noticed, that you had better dig open some of the little dwellings, and
+see what you can find. Dig very carefully, and send word to YOUNG
+PEOPLE'S Post-office if you discover anything curious.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BIRDIE S.--Thanks for your very kind notice, but your pretty puzzle is
+so complimentary to ourselves that we can not print it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EMMET M. L.--_The American_, your amateur paper, is very neatly printed,
+and well made up.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARIE L.--The extra number of brakes on Mount Washington steam-engines
+is to increase the safety of the descent.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Sallie Floyd reports Japan quinces in bloom at Carthage, Missouri, on
+March 7; Nellie Sands, of Lawrence, Kansas, writes that robins and
+redbirds have lived all winter in the evergreens in her garden; "Henry,"
+of Philadelphia, says the dandelions have been in bloom almost all the
+time; and Lillie Cassiday writes that it snowed hard on March 14 and 18
+in Winterset, Iowa--the only snow of the winter in that locality.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIZZIE S. S.--You can make an Æolian harp of a box of thin pine. The box
+should be the length of your window, about five inches broad, and three
+deep. Put a row of hitch pins at one end, and tuning pins at the other,
+and two narrow bridges of hard wood about two inches within the pins,
+over which to stretch the strings. Eight strings will make a good harp.
+They should be of catgut, and if you tune them in unison, the sound will
+be sweeter than if they are tuned in thirds or fifths. The tension
+should be rather slack. The ends of the box should be raised about an
+inch above the strings to support a thin pine board upon which the
+window rests. The draught of air passes over the strings stretched
+midway between the upper board and the sound-board, which should have
+two round holes cut in it. The harp will sound sweeter if placed in a
+window which is struck obliquely by the wind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Charlie Cubbery, Lizzie Brown, Blanche T. S., Grace Roberts, Lizzie
+Falconer, and M. M. Coleman write pretty stories of gold-fish, canaries,
+turtles, goats, and other pets, which we sincerely regret we have no
+room to print.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS.
+
+No. 1.
+
+ENIGMA.
+
+  My first is in swine, but not in cow.
+  My second is in quarrel, but not in row.
+  My third is in rip, but not in tear.
+  My fourth is in pretty, but not in fair.
+  My fifth is in herb, but not in root.
+  My sixth is in inch, but not in foot.
+  My seventh is in rake, but not in hoe.
+  My eighth is in yes, but not in no.
+  My whole is a precious stone.
+
+  KATIE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 2.
+
+WORD SQUARE.
+
+First, not any. Second, a part of a stove. Third, necessity. Fourth,
+extremities.
+
+  LOUISA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 3.
+
+DIAMOND PUZZLE.
+
+A consonant. A pronoun. A dwelling. Utility. A vowel.
+
+  REGINALD F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 4.
+
+DOUBLE ACROSTIC.
+
+Cunning. Something always found on board of ships. An article used in
+soap-making. A girl's name. Something good to eat. A number. The name of
+a large river. Answer--Capitals of two of the United States.
+
+  JOHNNY R. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 5.
+
+NUMERICAL CHARADE.
+
+  I am composed of 19 letters.
+  My 9, 7, 3, 5, 10 is an animal.
+  My 19, 15, 16 is a problem.
+  My 2, 4, 6 is to strike.
+  My 16, 4, 1, 10 are small animals.
+  My 8, 7, 6 is an article of kitchen furniture.
+  My 14, 18, 16, 17, 10, 11 is used in building.
+  My 12, 13, 6 is a small bed.
+  My whole is the name of an eminent navigator.
+
+  GEORGE B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 6.
+
+WORD SQUARE.
+
+First, parts of the fingers. Second, a girl's name. Third, the name of a
+line of ocean steamers. Fourth, deceivers. Fifth, understanding.
+
+  HARRY VAN A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 20.
+
+No. 1.
+
+Rio do la Plata.
+
+No. 2.
+
+  C  or   D
+  O  do   R
+  W   h   Y
+  P  lai  D
+  E mbrac E
+  R  ai   N
+
+Cowper, Dryden.
+
+No. 3.
+
+Orion.
+
+No. 4.
+
+  F A L L
+    S E A T
+      T R I M
+        K E E P
+
+No. 5.
+
+  S T E P
+  T I D E
+  E D I T
+  P E T S
+
+No. 6.
+
+      A
+    A P E
+  A P P L E
+    E L I
+      E
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Personation, on page 264--Charles the First of England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Favors are acknowledged from A. A. Gilmore, Jun., Bessie Comstock, J. A.
+Bokee, Roscoe C., Thad and Jennie V., Pearl L. M., Willie MacMahan,
+Richard Graham, H. B. N., M. H. Tod., Grace Putnam, Bessie T., L. A.
+Barry, William B. B., Louis Pomeroy, H. S. T., Mary L. B., Barton
+Scales, C. D. H., Willie Everett, Bertie Wheeler, S. M. Nelson, Nick
+O. D., Clara Commons, Maggie Zane, Mary Maxey, Edith Cragg, Abbie
+Parkhurst, Arthur Ellis, James Penner, Fannie Hartwell, Ada Hathaway,
+Arthur Jones, Beatrice Gower, Jessie Evans, Vince Applegate, Sallie
+Walton, H. A. Forster, G. C. Leiber, Beecher Stephens, L. C. M., Fred
+Anderson, Jessie Kelsey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Correct answers to puzzles are received from Herbert Parmenter, C. H.
+Gilson, H. and B., Lulu Pearce, Mary Nesmith, A. L. Bliss, A. H.
+Bechtold, C. F. Langton, "Blind Floretta," Aggie R. H., Charlie A. P.,
+Louise Gates, "Jupiter," Isabel and Marion Copeland, Johnny Glen, May
+S., John Blake, Fannie and Belle M., Gertrude H., Stella and Harry M.,
+James Smith, E. S. Robinson, F. B., Jennie S., Effie Talboys, C. Frank
+H., "Sleepy Dick," Willie Kurtz, Helen Mackay, Florence MacCulley,
+George Duncan, Fannie MacCulley, Edward Keeler, John G. M., John
+MacClintock, Stella, William Lewis, Mary Liddy, Mary Randal, Mabel
+Hatfield, Marguerite Bucknall, G. C., Charlie Rosenberg.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+
+
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at
+the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_:
+
+  SINGLE COPIES                     $0.04
+  ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_       1.50
+  FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_     7.00
+
+Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it
+will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the
+Number issued after the receipt of order.
+
+Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid
+risk of loss.
+
+ADVERTISING.
+
+The extent and character of the circulation of Harper's Young People
+will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of
+approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents
+per line.
+
+  Address
+  HARPER & BROTHERS,
+  Franklin Square, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+CANDY
+
+Send one, two, three, or five dollars for a sample box, by express, of
+the best Candies in America, put up elegantly and strictly pure. Refers
+to all Chicago. Address
+
+  C. F. GUNTHER,
+  Confectioner,
+  78 MADISON STREET, CHICAGO.
+
+
+
+
+=KEEP YOUR BIRD IN HEALTH AND SONG= by using =SINGER'S PATENT GRAVEL
+PAPER=. Sold by Druggists and Bird Dealers.
+
+=Depot, 582 Hudson St., N. Y.=
+
+
+
+
+OUR CHILDREN'S SONGS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Our Children's Songs. Illustrated. 8vo, Ornamental Cover, $1.00.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The best compilation of songs for the children that we have ever
+seen.--_New Bedford Mercury._
+
+This is a large collection of songs for the nursery, for childhood, for
+boys and for girls, and sacred songs for all. The range of subjects is a
+wide one, and the book is handsomely illustrated.--_Philadelphia
+Ledger._
+
+It contains some of the most beautiful thoughts for children that ever
+found vent in poesy, and beautiful "pictures to match."--_Chicago
+Evening Journal._
+
+An excellent anthology of juvenile poetry, covering the whole range of
+English and American literature.--_Independent_, N. Y.
+
+Songs for the nursery, songs for childhood, for girlhood, boyhood,
+and sacred songs--the whole melody of childhood and youth bound in
+one cover. Full of lovely pictures; sweet mother and baby faces;
+charming bits of scenery, and the dear old Bible story-telling
+pictures.--_Churchman_, N. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+HARPER & BROTHERS _will send the above work by mail, postage prepaid, to
+any part of the United States, on receipt of the price_.
+
+
+
+
+CHILDREN'S
+
+PICTURE-BOOKS.
+
+    Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted
+    Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50
+    per volume.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals.
+
+    With Sixty Illustrations by HARRISON WEIR.
+
+The Children's Bible Picture-Book.
+
+    With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by STEINLE, OVERBECK, VEIT,
+    SCHNORR, &c.
+
+The Children's Picture Fable-Book.
+
+    Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations
+    by HARRISON WEIR.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Birds.
+
+    With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia.
+
+    With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on
+receipt of the price._
+
+
+
+
+Old Books for Young Readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Arabian Nights' Entertainments.
+
+     The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights'
+     Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with
+     Explanatory Notes, by E. W. LANE. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2
+     vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50.
+
+Robinson Crusoe.
+
+     The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York,
+     Mariner. By DANIEL DEFOE. With a Biographical Account of Defoe.
+     Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.
+
+The Swiss Family Robinson.
+
+     The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother
+     and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo,
+     Cloth, $1.50.
+
+     The Swiss Family Robinson--Continued: being a Sequel to the
+     Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo; Cloth, $1.50.
+
+Sandford and Merton.
+
+     The History of Sandford and Merton. By THOMAS DAY. 18mo, Half
+     Bound, 75 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on
+receipt of the price._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BOSSY PUZZLE.
+
+
+Re-arrange this picture so as to get a rustic group out of it. It is
+left to your own ingenuity to find out of what the group consists.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO MAKE INDIANS AND MICE.
+
+BY BESSIE GUYTON.
+
+
+Figs and raisins seem very queer things to make an Indian of; but with a
+bit of wire, two figs, a handful of raisins, a few feathers, a dash of
+red and blue paint, a piece of red flannel, and two beads, a very savage
+old fellow can be produced.
+
+Take a piece of fine wire fourteen or fifteen inches long, and draw it
+through a round, plump fig, pushing the fig to the middle; bend the wire
+together, and slip one large raisin on the double wire, close to the
+fig: now we have the head and neck. Spread the wires, and put through a
+fig larger than the head, for the body; fill both wires with raisins,
+for the legs, turning up the length of one for the feet; pass a piece of
+wire three or four inches long through the upper part of the body fig,
+and string both ends with raisins, which makes the arms, with a turn on
+the ends for the hands. Stick a few feathers around the head (a duster
+can be robbed for the purpose), set black or white beads for eyes (peas
+or beans have a very startling effect when large eyes are required).
+Make use of your paint-box for mouth, nose, brows, war-paint, etc.,
+according to taste, pin a square of bright flannel about the shoulders,
+and you have an alarmingly startling likeness of a Pi-ute chief. A boy
+handy with his penknife can add a wooden tomahawk.
+
+Apple seeds can be converted into the cutest little mice imaginable by
+following these directions:
+
+With a fine needle draw black sewing silk through the pointed end of a
+good fat apple seed, and clip it short enough to appear a proper length
+for ears; then with a sharp penknife shave a narrow strip from the under
+or flat side of the seed, and turn it out at the other end for the tail.
+Now pass the needle through a white card, and through the seed near the
+tail, and again through the card, and draw down snugly to the card;
+repeat the same at the ear end, and the little chap stands on all fours,
+a very realistic mouse. Two or three tiny muslin bags, filled with
+cotton, marked, "The malt that lay in the house that Jack built," and
+sewed on one corner of the card, with half a dozen or so of these
+miniature pests headed toward it, furnish a very unique trifle, the
+making of which will give an hour's pleasure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANSWER TO THE PUZZLE OF THE TRAMP TRANSFORMED.
+
+The Tramp Puzzle given in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 20 is solved as follows: The
+dotted line _A B_ indicates the cut you are to make with the scissors.
+The brim of the man's hat, his pipe, and his nose will fit into the
+spaces _C_, _D_, and _E_. The other piece off the hat represents the
+sea-cow. The few lines marked _F_ represent the reflection of the
+sea-cow in the water.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Tricking Bruin.--The Laps and Finns have an idea that when they kill an
+animal it has the power of haunting them if it condescends to take that
+advantage. When therefore they have slain a bear, they surround the body
+and utter loud lamentations; expressive of the deepest regret. Presently
+one of them asks, in pitying tones, "Who killed thee, poor creature? Who
+destroyed thy beautiful life?" Another of the party replies on behalf of
+the bear, "It was the wicked Swede who lives across the mountain!" And
+there is a chorus of "What a cruel deed! What a dreadful crime!"
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: TOP-SY-TURVY--HOW WOULD YOU LIKE IT YOURSELVES, BOYS?]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 6, 1880 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 28777-8.txt or 28777-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/7/7/28777/
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various.
+    </title>
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+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880
+       An Illustrated Weekly
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2009 [EBook #28777]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 6, 1880 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Annie McGuire
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_RABBIT_DAY"><b>A RABBIT DAY.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_AWAKENING"><b>THE AWAKENING.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#SALT_AND_ITS_VALUE"><b>SALT AND ITS VALUE.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#A_SUN-DIAL"><b>A SUN-DIAL.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#ACROSS_THE_OCEAN_OR_A_BOYS_FIRST_VOYAGE"><b>ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#HOUSEHOLD_PETS"><b>HOUSEHOLD PETS.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#HOW_HE_BROUGHT_HIS_ENGINE_DOWN"><b>HOW HE BROUGHT HIS ENGINE DOWN.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#AN_OFFICERS_DOG"><b>AN OFFICER'S DOG.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_HOBBY-HORSE_REGIMENT"><b>THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_LITTLE_SWISS_MAN"><b>THE LITTLE SWISS MAN.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_CANARYS_MUSIC_LESSON"><b>THE CANARY'S MUSIC LESSON.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#MODEL_YACHT-BUILDING"><b>MODEL YACHT-BUILDING.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#THE_WHITE_RABBITS_AND_THE_TAR_BABY"><b>THE WHITE RABBITS AND THE TAR BABY.</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX"><b>OUR POST-OFFICE-BOX</b></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><a href="#HOW_TO_MAKE_INDIANS_AND_MICE"><b>HOW TO MAKE INDIANS AND MICE.</b></a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1000px;">
+<img src="images/ill_001.jpg" width="1000" height="386" alt="Banner: Harper&#39;s Young People" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 100%;' />
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Vol</span>. I.&mdash;<span class="smcap">No</span>. 23.</td><td align='center'><span class="smcap">Published by HARPER &amp; BROTHERS, New York</span>.</td><td align='right'><span class="smcap">Price Four Cents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Tuesday, April 6, 1880.</td><td align='center'>Copyright, 1880, by <span class="smcap">Harper &amp; Brothers</span>.</td><td align='right'>$1.50 per Year, in Advance.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 100%;' />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;"><a name="A_RABBIT_DAY" id="A_RABBIT_DAY"></a>
+<img src="images/ill_002.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="JIM AND CHARLEY IN THE WOODS." title="" />
+<span class="caption">JIM AND CHARLEY IN THE WOODS.</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2>A RABBIT DAY.</h2>
+
+<h2>BY W.&nbsp;O. STODDARD.</h2>
+
+<p>"Jim," said Charley, "has that dog of yours gone crazy?"</p>
+
+<p>"Old Nap? No. Why? What's the matter with him?"</p>
+
+<p>"Just look at the way he's diving in and out among the trees. He'll run
+full split right against one first thing he knows."</p>
+
+<p>"No, he won't. He's after rabbits. We're 'most to the swamp now, and Nap
+knows what we've come for as well as we do."</p>
+
+<p>There was no mistake but what he was a wonderfully busy dog just then.
+It looked as if he was trying to be all around, everywhere, at the same
+time; and every few moments he would give expression to his excitement
+in a short sharp yelp.</p>
+
+<p>"He means to tell us he'll stir one out in a minute," said Jim. "It's a
+prime rabbit day."</p>
+
+<p>"Are there more rabbits some days than there are others?"</p>
+
+<p>"Easier to get 'em. You see, there came a thaw, and the old snow got
+settled down, and a good hard crust froze on top of it; then there was a
+little snow last night, and the rabbits'll leave their tracks in that
+when they come out for a run on the crust. Old Nap knows. See him; he'll
+have one out in a minute."</p>
+
+<p>"Is this the swamp?" asked Charley.</p>
+
+<p>"All that level ahead of us. In spring, and in summer too, unless it's a
+dry season, there's water everywhere among the trees and bushes; but
+it's frozen hard now."</p>
+
+<p>"What is there beyond?"</p>
+
+<p>"Nothing but mountains, 'way back into the Adirondacks. We'd better load
+up, Charley."</p>
+
+<p>"Why, are not the guns loaded?"</p>
+
+<p>"No. Father never lets a loaded gun come into the house. Aunt Sally
+won't either. Shall I load your gun for you?"</p>
+
+<p>"Load my gun! Well, I guess not. As if I couldn't load my own gun!"</p>
+
+<p>Charley set himself to work at once, for the movements of old Nap were
+getting more and more eager and rapid, and there was no telling what
+might happen.</p>
+
+<p>But Charley had never loaded a gun before in all his life. Still, it was
+a very simple piece of business, and he knew all about it. He had read
+of it and heard it talked of ever so many times, and there was Jim
+loading his own gun within ten feet, just as if he meant to show how it
+should be done. He could imitate Jim, at all events; and so he thought
+he did, to the smallest item; and he hurried to get through as quickly,
+for it would not do to be beaten by a country boy. And then, too, there
+was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span> old Napoleon Bonaparte&mdash;that is to say Nap&mdash;beginning to yelp like
+mad.</p>
+
+<p>They were just on the edge of the swamp, and it was, as Jim said, "a
+great place for rabbits."</p>
+
+<p>"He's after one! There he comes!"</p>
+
+<p>"Where? Where? I see him! Oh, what a big one!"</p>
+
+<p>Bang!</p>
+
+<p>Charley had been gazing, open-mouthed, at the rapid leaps of that
+frightened white rabbit, and wondering if he would ever sit down long
+enough to be shot at, with that dog less than half a dozen rods behind
+him.</p>
+
+<p>He was in a tremendous hurry, that rabbit, and he would hardly have
+"taken a seat" if one had been offered him; but he was down now, for Jim
+had not only fired at him&mdash;he had hit him.</p>
+
+<p>"One for me. I meant to let you have the first shot. Never mind; you
+take the next one. Keep your eyes out. He may be along before I'm
+loaded."</p>
+
+<p>Old Nap's interest in a rabbit seemed to cease the moment it was killed,
+for he was now ranging the bushes at quite a distance.</p>
+
+<p>"Here comes one. Quick, Charley! He's stopped to listen for the dog."</p>
+
+<p>So he had, like a very unwise rabbit, and was perking up his long ears
+within quite easy range of Charley's gun as he levelled it.</p>
+
+<p>"Cock it! cock it!" shouted Jim. "Cock your gun!"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, I forgot that."</p>
+
+<p>But he knew how; and when he once more lifted his gun, and pulled the
+triggers, one after the other, they came down handsomely.</p>
+
+<p>"Only snapped your caps?" said Jim. "I never knew that gun to miss fire
+before. He's gone."</p>
+
+<p>The rabbit had taken a hint from the bursting of the caps, and was now
+running a race with Napoleon Bonaparte across the swamp.</p>
+
+<p>Charley looked at his weapon very gravely, and put on another pair of
+caps, remarking, "I never had a gun miss fire like that with me before."</p>
+
+<p>Jim's own gun was ready again in short order, but there was a queer
+questioning look stealing into his face, and he said,</p>
+
+<p>"Take mine, Charley; I'll look into that business."</p>
+
+<p>Charley traded guns, and stood anxiously watching for another rabbit,
+while Jim "looked into" both barrels of the offending piece, and tried
+them with the ramrod.</p>
+
+<p>"Got enough in 'em; no mistake about that. Guess I'd better draw the
+charges."</p>
+
+<p>There was a corkscrew on the end of the ramrod for that sort of thing,
+and in a moment more Jim had a wad out of each barrel.</p>
+
+<p>"Hullo! Powder? I declare! Why, Charley, you've put your ammunition in
+wrong end first. You might have cracked caps on that thing all day. Your
+shot's all at the bottom."</p>
+
+<p>"Is that so? Well, you see, I never used that kind of a gun before,
+and&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Here comes Nap! Big rabbit. There's a chance for you. Take him on the
+run."</p>
+
+<p>He tried. That is, he raised Jim's gun, and blazed away with one barrel,
+but all the harm he did that rabbit was to knock down a whole bunch of
+bright red mountain-ash berries from a branch twenty feet above him.</p>
+
+<p>"Quick, Charley! Your other barrel. He's turning on Nap, around those
+sumac bushes."</p>
+
+<p>Charley had held his gun a little loosely, and it had given him a smart
+kick in consequence; but he saw what Jim meant, and his reputation as a
+sportsman was at stake. He knew, too, that Jim was trying his best not
+to laugh, and he was determined to get that rabbit.</p>
+
+<p>"Bow-ow-ow-wow!"</p>
+
+<p>Rabbit and dog seemed somehow to come within range of that gun at the
+same instant, just as it went off. It was a grand good thing for old Nap
+that his master's city cousin aimed so high, and that the gun kicked
+again. As it was, the astonished dog was now making the snow fly in a
+whirl, as he dashed around in it after the tip of his tail, where one of
+the little leaden pellets had struck him.</p>
+
+<p>That was only for a moment, however, and then he came gravely marching
+across the crust, and looked up in the faces of the boys, one after the
+other, as much as if he was asking, "Which of you was green enough to
+take me for a rabbit?"</p>
+
+<p>He had not been very badly hurt, except, perhaps, in his sense of
+justice; but now Charley suddenly gave a shout, and sprang forward.</p>
+
+<p>"I hit him! I hit him!"</p>
+
+<p>"Fact," said Jim; "so you did. Come here, Nap. Poor fellow! How's your
+old tail now?"</p>
+
+<p>Charley was back in a twinkling with his own rabbit and the one Jim had
+killed, but there was a wide difference between them. There was shot
+enough in the latter to have killed half a dozen, while all the mark
+they could find on Charley's game was one little spot at the roots of
+his ears.</p>
+
+<p>"So much for making the shot scatter. If I hadn't put in a double load
+of shot, you'd have lost 'em both."</p>
+
+<p>"There wasn't but one," said Charley.</p>
+
+<p>"I mean that rabbit and old Napoleon Bonaparte. Come on now. Your gun's
+all right. Let's try the other side of the swamp."</p>
+
+<p>He pointed out a rabbit, sitting among some bushes, on the way, and
+Charley's gun went off finely, now that the powder had been put in
+first.</p>
+
+<p>"Don't you ever shoot them when they're sitting still, Jim?"</p>
+
+<p>"No; and you won't when you're used to it. There's one coming for me.
+I'll take him as he goes by."</p>
+
+<p>Nap was entirely safe this time. Indeed, he seemed inclined all the rest
+of that morning to do his rabbit-hunting at a somewhat unsociable
+distance from his friends.</p>
+
+<p>There were plenty of rabbits in the swamp, and the boys were more than a
+little proud of their success, especially Charley; but when the time
+came for going home, it was curious how ready they both were to go. So
+was Napoleon Bonaparte. Truth to tell, it had been hard work, and the
+boys declared the rabbit a remarkably heavy beast, for his size, by the
+time they reached home with their game.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_AWAKENING" id="THE_AWAKENING"></a>THE AWAKENING.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY M.&nbsp;M.</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Down all the rugged mountain-slopes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Through all the mossy dells,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">There comes a gentle purling sound,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Like peals of fairy bells.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">A tinkling, rippling, gurgling song</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Is borne on every breeze;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Mysterious whispers seem to stir</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">The grim old forest trees.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">The tiny grasses wave their hands</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">And gayly nod their heads</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">To lazy buds, still half asleep</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">In cozy winter beds.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">And now the riotous sunbeams come;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">They draw the curtains wide;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">Nor leave untouched the smallest nook</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Where sleepy buds may hide.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">"Awake! awake!" the whole Earth cries:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">"King Winter's reign is past;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">His crown he yields to his fairest child,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">And Spring is Queen at last."</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="SALT_AND_ITS_VALUE" id="SALT_AND_ITS_VALUE"></a>SALT AND ITS VALUE.</h2>
+
+<p>All our young readers know the value of that familiar and useful
+substance, salt, which enters so largely into our daily wants, and is so
+essential to our existence. Formerly prisoners in Holland were kept from
+the use of salt; but this deprivation produced such terrible diseases
+that this practice was abolished. The Mexicans, in old times, in cases
+of rebellion, deprived entire provinces of this indispensable commodity,
+and thus left innocent and guilty alike to rot to death.</p>
+
+<p>This mineral is frequently mentioned in the Bible. The sacrifices of the
+Jews were all seasoned with salt, and we read of a <i>covenant</i> of salt.
+Salt was procured by the Hebrews from the hills of salt which lie about
+the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, and from the waters of that sea,
+which overflow the banks yearly, and leave a deposit of salt both
+abundant and good.</p>
+
+<p>Among ancient nations salt was a symbol of friendship and fidelity, as
+it is at present among the Arabs and other Oriental people. In some
+Eastern countries, if a guest has tasted salt with his host, he is safe
+from all enemies, even although the person receiving the salt may have
+committed an injury against his entertainer himself.</p>
+
+<p>Among the common people all over Scotland, a new house, or one which a
+new tenant was about to enter, was always sprinkled with salt by way of
+inducing "good luck." Another custom of a curious nature once prevailed
+in England and other countries in reference to salt. Men of rank
+formerly dined at the same table with their dependents and servants. The
+master of the house and his relations sat at the upper end, where the
+floor was a little raised. The persons of greatest consequence sat next,
+and all along down the sides, toward the bottom of the table, the
+servants were placed according to their situations. At a certain part of
+the table was placed a large salt vat, which divided the superior from
+the inferior classes. Sitting <i>above</i> the salt was the mark of a
+gentleman or man of good connections, while to sit <i>beneath</i> it showed a
+humble station in society.</p>
+
+<p>Salt is found in greater or less quantities in almost every substance on
+earth, but the waters of the sea appear to have been its first great
+magazine. It is found there dissolved in certain proportions, and two
+purposes are thus served, namely, the preservation of that vast body of
+waters, which otherwise, from the innumerable objects of animal and
+vegetable life within it, would become an insupportable mass of
+corruption, and the supplying of a large proportion of the salt we
+require in our food, and for other purposes. The quantity of salt
+contained in the sea (according to the best authorities) amounts to
+<i>four hundred thousand billion</i> cubic feet, which, if piled up, would
+form a mass one hundred and forty miles long, as many broad, and as many
+high, or, otherwise disposed, would cover the whole of Europe, islands,
+seas, and all, to the height of the summit of Mont Blanc, which is about
+sixteen thousand feet in height.</p>
+
+<p>If salt, however, were only to be obtained from the sea, the people who
+live on immense continents would have great difficulty in supplying
+themselves with it; and here you see how kindly Providence watches over
+the comfort of human creatures, for nature has provided that the sea, on
+leaving those continents, all of which were once overspread with it,
+should deposit vast quantities of salt, sufficient to provide for the
+necessities of the inhabitants of those parts. In some places the salt
+is exposed on the surface of the ground in a glittering crust several
+inches thick; in others, thicker layers have been covered over with
+other substances, so that salt now requires to be dug for like coal or
+any other mineral. Salt is found in this last shape in almost every part
+of the world; though in the vast empire of China it is so scarce that it
+is smuggled into that country in large quantities.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="A_SUN-DIAL" id="A_SUN-DIAL"></a>A SUN-DIAL.</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 391px;">
+<img src="images/ill_003.jpg" width="391" height="400" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Our young friends would, we doubt not, like to know how to make a
+sun-dial that will give the time very accurately. Common sun-dials
+depend on the shadow of a post, which is thick and heavy, and affords
+only a very rough idea of the time. But the one we are going to tell
+them about will show the time as precisely as a clock. And it is quite
+easy to make. It has, in the first place, a face set up slanting on a
+pedestal. The proper slant answers to the latitude of the place. At and
+near New York it should be about forty-one degrees from the
+perpendicular, or a little more than half upright. The face is divided
+into hour spaces, just like the face of a clock, but the whole circle is
+not used. A semicircle is all that the sun can traverse, except in the
+long days of summer. The fourth part of a circle is about all that can
+be used in ordinary windows. It will answer for the hours between nine
+o'clock and three. It is divided into six equal parts for the hour
+spaces, and each of these is subdivided for the minutes. If the radius
+of the circle be one foot, the minute spaces will be about one-sixteenth
+of an inch, or about the same as on the face of a watch. The dividing is
+easily done with a pair of compasses, a ruler, and a sharp lead-pencil.</p>
+
+<p>Now we will explain the indicator. It is made of three pieces&mdash;a base
+and two uprights. The base is fifteen inches long, three wide, and
+three-quarters of an inch thick. The uprights are of the same thickness,
+and about seven inches high. They are morticed into the base, and have
+the shape shown in the picture. A hole half an inch in diameter is bored
+through the upright at A, and another at B. Over each of these holes
+pieces of tin are tacked, with a little hole in the centre about as
+large as a pin's head. When the sun-dial is placed in position, the sun
+shines through these holes, and makes a little bright circle on the
+other upright. The upper hole, A, is for summer, when the sun is high,
+and the lower one, B, for winter. The indicator is pivoted by a large
+screw to the centre, C, of the face, so that it can be turned round like
+the hand of a clock. At the upper end of the indicator a little pointer
+is fastened directly over the scale of hours and minutes. A needle, or a
+pin with the head cut off, makes a good pointer.</p>
+
+<p>After the sun-dial is made, the next thing is to set it in its proper
+position, which is so that when the pointer is at XII. it will also be
+directed exactly south, while the lower end of the indicator is to the
+north. Then, at noon by sun time, the sun will make its little bright
+circle exactly in the middle of the lower upright. A line should be
+drawn up and down to show the middle; then this line will cut the sun
+circle equally in two. To find out the time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span> before and after noon, the
+indicator is moved so that the sun circle will fall on the same middle
+line, and the pointer will show the time. This sun time differs somewhat
+from clock time. The difference for every day in the year is given by
+the almanacs, and very exactly by the Nautical Almanac. This difference
+being added or subtracted, makes known the true clock time. Thus, for
+the 1st of March, clock time is twelve minutes faster than sun time.
+Hence noon by the sun-dial is just that much later than noon by the
+clock. Any of our readers who have a little mechanical skill can make a
+sun-dial, on the plan described, that, when put in proper position, will
+be more reliable than the best of clocks, and that will be found a
+convenient means of setting them right. But don't despise the clocks;
+for very likely you will have to resort to one in order to get the
+sun-dial in position; and then, too, remember that the sun does not
+shine all the while, but is very fond of hiding behind clouds.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4>[Begun in No. 19 of <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span>, March 9.]</h4>
+
+<h2><a name="ACROSS_THE_OCEAN_OR_A_BOYS_FIRST_VOYAGE" id="ACROSS_THE_OCEAN_OR_A_BOYS_FIRST_VOYAGE"></a>ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE.</h2>
+
+<h4>A True Story.</h4>
+
+<h3>BY J.&nbsp;O. DAVIDSON.</h3>
+
+<h3><span class="smcap">Chapter V</span>.</h3>
+
+<h3>FRANK AND THE CAPTAIN.</h3>
+
+<p>Austin was still the centre of an admiring group, when a deep voice made
+itself heard from behind.</p>
+
+<p>"Say, mates, ye'd better let the lad git on some dry duds, 'stead o'
+fussin' over him that way; why, he's as wet as the lee scuppers."</p>
+
+<p>Frank recognized old Herrick, the quartermaster, who had roused him from
+his nap on the coil of rope the first night of the voyage.</p>
+
+<p>"Come, youngster," pursued the old man, "hurry up and git a dry shirt
+on. What d'ye look so queer for?&mdash;hain't ye got nary one?"</p>
+
+<p>Frank explained that his bag and bundle had "disappeared somehow,"
+before they had been two days at sea.</p>
+
+<p>"Stolen, I reckon," growled a sailor; "but 'twarn't nobody on the
+fo'c'stle as done it, anyhow. It's been some o' them blessed
+firemen&mdash;thievin' wharf-rats every one!"</p>
+
+<p>"Ay, <i>they're</i> the boys for hookin' things," added another. "Last v'y'ge
+I made, there was a fireman we called Sandy, as I'd seen hangin' around
+my sea-chest jist afore I missed suthin'. So I fixed a fish-hook to the
+lock, and nex' day Mr. Sandy had a precious sore finger somehow; and
+from that day for'ard we never called him nothing but 'Sandy Hook'. [A
+loud laugh from the rest applauded the joke.] But <i>I</i>'ll lend the
+younker a shirt, willin'."</p>
+
+<p>"And I."</p>
+
+<p>"And I."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, look'ee here, boys," said old Herrick, "let's give him poor
+Allen's chest and kit. <i>He</i>'ll never need it more, poor fellow, and I've
+heerd him say he'd nary relation ashore. Seems to me Frank's the one as
+ought to have it: what say ye all?"</p>
+
+<p>All agreed, and the drowned man's chest was pulled out and rummaged. Out
+came caps, jackets, trousers, shirts, sea-boots. Out came three or four
+letters and a photograph, which were laid aside to be handed over to the
+purser; and lastly, out came a small, well-thumbed Bible of
+old-fashioned look, which Herrick (after eying it thoughtfully for a
+moment) put into his own pocket.</p>
+
+<p>"Whew! who'd ha' thought Allen kep' a Bible?"</p>
+
+<p>"I <i>have</i> seen him spellin' in it, though, once and again; but he always
+shet it up when anybody cum nigh him."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, well, 'twarn't <i>it</i> as brought him his ill luck, anyhow. Now,
+young un, let's see how the duds fit you."</p>
+
+<p>But, as might have been expected, everything was "miles too big," and
+bagged about him in such a way as to make one of the men remark, with a
+grin, that "if he carried so much loose canvas, he'd founder in the
+first squall."</p>
+
+<p>"We must take in a reef or two, then, that's all," said Herrick. "Bear a
+hand, my boy, and we'll soon turn you out ship-shape."</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/ill_004.jpg" width="500" height="436" alt="FRANK AND OLD HERRICK." title="" />
+<span class="caption">FRANK AND OLD HERRICK.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>To work went the two amateur tailors, while Frank seized the chance of
+taking a good look at his new friend. The old tar was certainly well
+worth looking at. Tall, broad-shouldered, active, with his brown hard
+face framed in iron-gray hair and beard&mdash;a pleasant twinkle in the keen
+blue eyes that looked out from beneath his bushy brows, and a kindly
+smile flickering over his rugged features ever and anon, like sunshine
+upon a bare moor&mdash;he looked the very model of one of those sturdy old
+sea-dogs who held their own against England's stoutest "hearts of oak"
+in the old days of '76.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>As he worked on, making stitches which, though they would have horrified
+a fashionable tailor, were at least strong and durable, he began to pour
+forth a series of yarns, a tithe of which would "set up" any novelist
+for life. Fights with West-Indian pirates; hair-breadth escapes from
+polar icebergs; picturesque cruises among the Spice Islands; weary days
+and nights in a calm off the African coast, on short allowance of water,
+with the burning sun melting the very pitch out of the seams&mdash;were
+"reeled off" in unbroken succession, while Frank listened open-mouthed,
+and more than once forgot his tailoring altogether.</p>
+
+<p>But the stroke of a bell overhead broke in upon the talk.</p>
+
+<p>"My watch on deck," said the old man, springing up as nimbly as a boy.
+"Now, lad, slip on them togs agin. Ay, <i>now</i> you look all a-taunto."</p>
+
+<p>Frank was indeed improved. His shore clothes, which, with grease,
+coal-dust, tar, salt-water, and the rents made by the fight with Monkey,
+were (as the boatswain said) "not fit for a 'spectable scarecrow to wear
+of a Sunday," were exchanged for a blue flannel shirt and a pair of trim
+white canvas trousers. A neat black silk handkerchief was knotted around
+his neck, and his battered "stiff-rim" replaced by a jaunty sailor cap.</p>
+
+<p>"Hello, youngster! the cap'n wants yer," shouted a sailor, as Frank
+appeared on deck.</p>
+
+<p>"You're in luck, my boy," said Herrick. "Keep a stiff upper lip, but
+don't speak unless you're spoken to, and then say as little as you can."</p>
+
+<p>On entering the captain's room Frank found the latter busied in
+"pricking out" the ship's course on the chart, and was thus able to
+survey him at leisure. Captain Gray's plain black suit and standing
+collar, his grayish-brown hair, close-cut whiskers, and mild expression,
+made him look more like a preacher than like one who had led a forlorn
+hope over the ruins of Fort Sumter, and had captured, single-handed, the
+ringleader of a dangerous mutiny in the West Indies. This mutiny,
+however, had occurred aboard another vessel, for nothing of the sort had
+ever been heard of on his own. The crew "froze to him" in all he did or
+said; and any "sea-lawyer" who tried to breed a disturbance soon found
+the <i>Arizona</i> too hot for him.</p>
+
+<p>"Talk 'bout the officers as ye like," was the constant saying on the
+forecastle, "but nary word agin the old 'deacon.'"</p>
+
+<p>For, strange to say, Captain Gray <i>was</i> a deacon when ashore, and not a
+few of his best hands were members of the old white church at home in
+Nantucket.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/ill_005.jpg" width="250" height="400" alt="THE CAPTAIN&#39;S ROOM." title="" />
+<span class="caption">THE CAPTAIN&#39;S ROOM.</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>His room was like himself&mdash;simple, but perfectly orderly. A neat bed,
+with snow-white coverlet and pillow; a little cupboard beside it,
+containing a pitcher and wash-basin; a Bible in a neat wooden rack on a
+small table; a rifle, cutlass, and two revolvers, all bright and clean,
+hanging on the wall above it; a cabinet of books, mostly works of travel
+and navigation; several chairs, on one of which lay the captain's coat
+and cap; and a curtain along the wall, above which appeared various
+articles of clothing hung on pegs.</p>
+
+<p>Presently the captain looked up, and after "figuring" a moment on a slip
+of paper, touched a bell. Instantly a panel flew open, and a hoarse
+voice shouted, "Ay, ay, sir!"</p>
+
+<p>"How's her head now, quartermaster?"</p>
+
+<p>"S.E. by S., sir."</p>
+
+<p>"All right; keep her so."</p>
+
+<p>"Ay, ay, sir;" and the panel closed again.</p>
+
+<p>Then, for the first time, the captain appeared to become aware of
+Frank's presence, and bending forward, fixed upon him a look that seemed
+to read his very soul. It was a proverb with the crew of the <i>Arizona</i>
+that "no rogue could ever face the old man's eye;" and although he was
+never known to utter an oath or unseemly word, his very glance had more
+effect than any amount of bluster and bullying.</p>
+
+<p>"So you're the boy who oiled the outboard bearing to-day? I hear you've
+been fighting with Monkey. We won't say any more about that now, but
+don't let it happen again. Can you read and write?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir."</p>
+
+<p>"Is this your handwriting on the ship's articles, and in the store-room
+account-book?"</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir."</p>
+
+<p>"Have you studied arithmetic? Well, then, work me out this example."</p>
+
+<p>Austin obeyed.</p>
+
+<p>"Right," said the captain, glancing at the result. "After this, Mr.
+Hurst [the chief engineer] will put you in the place of the oiler who
+was lost this morning. The fifty dollars reward is in the purser's
+hands, where I advise you to leave it till you really need it. You may
+go now. Good-night."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>"What! couldn't they make ye nothin' better'n a kettle-iler?" growled
+old Herrick, on hearing the result of the interview; for, like a true
+sailor of the old school, he abominated everything connected with "that
+'ere new-fangled steam." "A <i>sailor's</i> what you're cut out for, and a
+sailor's what every man ought to be as can. Howsomdever, there's no fear
+but you'll git on well enough with the old man; for he's a good feller,
+if ever there was one. We shipped together for our first v'y'ge, him and
+me, when we were no bigger'n you are; and if we ever part comp'ny agin,
+'twon't be <i>my</i> fault, anyhow."</p>
+
+<h4>[<span class="smcap">to be continued</span>.]</h4>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HOUSEHOLD_PETS" id="HOUSEHOLD_PETS"></a>HOUSEHOLD PETS.</h2>
+
+<p>An amusing story is told of a modern puss which sailed across the seas.
+A Polynesian missionary took a cat with him to the island of Raratonga,
+but Puss, not liking her new abode, fled to the mountains. One of the
+new converts, a priest who had destroyed his idol, was one night,
+sleeping on his mat, when his wife, who sat watching beside him, was
+terribly alarmed by the sight of two small fires gleaming in the
+doorway, and by the sound of a plaintive and mysterious voice. Her blood
+curdling with fear, she awoke her husband, with wifely reproaches on his
+folly in having burned his god, who was now come to be avenged on them.</p>
+
+<p>The husband, opening his eyes, saw the same glaring lamps, heard the
+same dismal sound, and, in an agony of fright, began to recite the
+alphabet, by way of an incantation against the powers of darkness. The
+cat on hearing the loud voices felt as much alarm as she had caused, and
+fled in the darkness, leaving the worthy pair much relieved.</p>
+
+<p>A short while afterward Puss took up her quarters in a retired temple,
+where her "mews" struck terror into the breasts of the priest and
+worshippers who came with offerings to the gods. They fled in all
+directions, shouting, "A monster from the deep! a monster from the
+deep!" to return with a large body of their companions in full war
+array, with spears, clubs, and shields, and faces blackened with
+charcoal. The cat, however, was too nimble for them, and escaped through
+the midst of their ranks, sending these brave warriors flying in every
+direction.</p>
+
+<p>That night, however, Puss, tired of her lonely life, foolishly entered a
+native hut, and creeping beneath the coverlet under which the whole
+family were lying, fell asleep. Her purring awoke the owner of the hut,
+who procured the help of some other models of valor, and with their
+assistance murdered poor Pussy in her tranquil and confiding slumbers.</p>
+
+<p>But cats, though thus at first misunderstood, were afterward welcomed in
+Raratonga, which was devastated with a plague of rats. The missionaries
+imported a cargo consisting of pigs, cocoa-nuts, and cats.</p>
+
+<p>A youthful clerk who was once appointed to make out an invoice of
+shipments on a Mississippi steamer, was perplexed by the item of "Four
+boxes of tom-cats." On inquiry, the mystery was solved. "Why," said the
+indignant sutler, "that means four boxes of <i>tomato catsup</i>. Don't you
+understand abbreviations?"</p>
+
+<p>An amusing reason is given for cats washing their faces after a meal. A
+cat caught a sparrow, and was about to devour it, but the sparrow said,</p>
+
+<p>"No gentleman eats till he has first washed his face."</p>
+
+<p>The cat, struck with this remark, set the sparrow down, and began to
+wash his face, on which the sparrow flew away. This vexed Pussy
+extremely, and he said,</p>
+
+<p>"As long as I live I will eat first, and wash my face afterward."</p>
+
+<p>Which all cats do even to this day.</p>
+
+<p>Here is another cat and sparrow fable:</p>
+
+<p>"I wonder," said a sparrow, "what the eagles are about, that they don't
+fly away with the cats? And now I think of it, a civil question can not
+give offense." So the sparrow finished her breakfast, went to the eagle,
+and said: "May it please your Majesty, I see you and your race fly away
+with the birds and the lambs, that do no harm. But there is not a
+creature so malignant as a cat; she prowls about our nests, eats up our
+young, and bites off our own heads. She feeds so daintily that she must
+be herself good eating. Why do you not feed upon a cat?"</p>
+
+<p>"Ah!" said the eagle, "there is sense in your question. I had a worm
+here this morning, asking me why I did not breakfast upon sparrows. Do I
+see a morsel of worm's skin on your beak, my child?"</p>
+
+<p>The sparrow cleaned his bill upon his bosom, and said, "I should like to
+see the worm that made that complaint."</p>
+
+<p>"Come forward, worm," the eagle said. But when the worm appeared, the
+sparrow snapped him up and ate him, after which he went on with his
+argument against the cats.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HOW_HE_BROUGHT_HIS_ENGINE_DOWN" id="HOW_HE_BROUGHT_HIS_ENGINE_DOWN"></a>HOW HE BROUGHT HIS ENGINE DOWN.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY CHARLES BARNARD.</h3>
+
+<p>It was one of the most difficult parts of the whole line. A range of
+high hills lay directly north and; south, and the railroad ran nearly
+east and west; that is, the stations on each side of the range of hills
+lay east and west, but to cross the range the road wound about in the
+most complicated and curious fashion. At the summit of the range, where
+the line crossed, there was a water tank, and a cross-over switch, and a
+house for the line-man. This place was eight miles from the station, on
+the east side, as the crow flies; by rail it was seventeen miles, a
+steady up grade all the way. All the west-bound trains had to have help
+in getting over this seventeen-mile grade, and for this service there
+were several pushing-engines kept there to go behind the trains, and
+help them up the grade. When the top of the grade was reached, the
+trains went on, for there were no passengers to be taken or left there.
+The line-man's house was the only house within five miles, and all the
+rugged hills round about were covered with deep woods. The
+pushing-engines that came up the grade usually stopped for a moment or
+two for water, took the cross-over switch, and ran back on the down
+track without using steam, as it was down grade all the way. Of course
+all east-bound trains, both freight and passenger, came down without
+help, and, in fact, without using steam, except to get a good start at
+the top.</p>
+
+<p>One day a long freight train moving west came to the foot of the grade,
+and took on an extra engine to help it up the hill. This extra engine
+stood on a siding, and when the freight had passed, it drew out on the
+main line, and took its place behind the train. It was not coupled to
+the train, as its duty was merely to push behind. There were about
+thirty-five cars in the train, chiefly empty grain cars going west, and
+with a "caboose" behind. There were half a dozen brakemen and the
+conductor scattered along the train on top of the cars. All these points
+you must remember, to understand what happened soon after.</p>
+
+<p>The line for the seventeen miles up the grade is very crooked, with
+several high embankments and very sharp turns. Not a nice bit of road
+for a fast run with a heavy train. Nearly all the distance is through
+thick woods, so that the brave engineer's deeds were not seen by any one
+save the few men who were on the train, and in the greatest peril.</p>
+
+<p>The two engines and long line of cars crept slowly up the grade, and
+without accident, till almost at the top. The forward engine reached the
+top, and kept straight on; there was no need to stop; and when the train
+fairly passed the summit, and began to descend the grade on the western
+side of the hills, the pushing-engine merely stopped, and was left
+behind. Just then something very singular happened. The engineer
+reversed his engine, and started to run back to the cross-over switch
+that was just below. He intended to take the down track, and return to
+the station, seventeen miles below. The station-master was at the
+switch, and had already opened it. Suddenly the fireman gave a cry, and
+the engineer looked out his forward window to see what had happened. The
+train was still in sight up the line, but it was moving down instead of
+up. It had broken apart. A coupling had given way, and some of the cars
+were rolling down the grade right on to his engine. He could see the men
+on top waving their hands for him to get out of the way.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span> The
+freight-cars had broken loose, and were running away. The men on top
+could not stop them.</p>
+
+<p>Where would it end? Where would the cars go? Would they ever reach the
+bottom of the long grade without jumping the rails at some sharp curve,
+only to plunge into the woods down some lofty embankment? No time to
+think about that. The thing to do was to get out of the way, and prevent
+the runaway train from dashing into the engine. He whistled to the
+station-master to close the switch, and give him the clear line. He must
+run away from the runaway train. He put on steam, and started down the
+grade. The station-master seemed to understand what had happened, and
+promptly closed the switch. Faster and faster rolled the cars, and the
+engine shot ahead to keep out of the way.</p>
+
+<p>Now for a race for life and death. If he kept ahead, he was safe&mdash;safe
+from collision, but not from running off the line at the terrible curves
+below. On and on the engine flew, down and down through the woods, till
+the trees seemed to whirl past in a dizzy dance. Faster and faster came
+the train gaining speed at every rail. How the woods roared with the
+rush of the runaway cars, and the engine flying on before! The cars
+swayed from side to side, and the men on top sat down, as if calmly
+waiting their dreadful fate. They swept round a curve, and the engineer
+had a chance to look back up the line, and saw to his dismay that there
+were more cars behind. A second and shorter train was fast following the
+first. The train had evidently broken into three parts, and two of the
+parts, one of eighteen cars, and one of nine cars, were tearing down the
+grade at forty miles an hour. It was a killing pace, and growing worse
+every second. It was sure death to all to keep it up much longer.
+Something must be done to save engine, men, and cars.</p>
+
+<p>The engine was using steam, and kept ahead of the cars; but it could not
+do so much longer. What if he let them gain on him, and then time the
+speed till they collided? It was a desperate experiment, but he would
+try it. Slowly and very carefully he took off the steam, and ran slower.
+In a moment he had the speeds just alike. Then he made the pace of the
+engine a little less, and a little less, while the roaring and swaying
+train came nearer and nearer. Both were still flying down the grade at a
+fearful pace. The men on the cars watched the engine sharply. They saw
+what the engineer meant to do. If he succeeded, he would save their
+lives&mdash;provided he could let the cars strike the engine, could hitch on,
+and then pull ahead before the train behind smashed into them from the
+rear. On and on flew train and engine. Slowly they drew nearer, and at
+last they bumped with a gentle jar. The fireman was on the pilot all
+ready to couple on. He dropped the pin in the coupling, and the men on
+the car gave a ringing cheer that was heard above the roar of the train;
+and the engineer opened the throttle wide, and away they dashed down the
+grade, just in time to escape the train behind.</p>
+
+<p>The men wanted to climb down on the engine to shake hands with the
+engineer, but he motioned them back. The danger was not over. One of the
+men stood on top of the caboose, with his back to the engine and his
+arms extended. One of the others held him up, for the cars swayed
+frightfully in the terrible pace they were going. He watched the train
+following behind, and with his hands made motions to the engineer to run
+slower and slower, till, with a crash, the two parts of the train came
+together. This feat was not so successful as the first, as the engineer
+could not see the rear cars. The engine was reversed, and the brakes put
+on, and they came to a stop&mdash;not a wheel off the metals, and not a man
+hurt. Two of the cars badly smashed, but that was all. What had
+threatened to be a fearful disaster, with a loss of men, engine, and
+cars, was only a slight splintering of two cars that the carpenters
+could repair in a day. They had a general shaking of hands alone there
+in the woods over the engineer's splendid feat; and for months it was
+told to listening men in every flag station and freight-house along the
+line how the brave and cool engineer brought his engine down the
+seventeen-mile grade.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="AN_OFFICERS_DOG" id="AN_OFFICERS_DOG"></a>AN OFFICER'S DOG.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY BOB THORNBURGH.</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Fort Omaha, Nebraska</span>, <i>March 2, 1880</i>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>I am eight years old, and I have a Gordon setter&mdash;liver and white&mdash;just
+as old as I am. His name is Paul. He was born in Tennessee, and given to
+my papa as a puppy, and soon learned to be a good retriever, to carry
+newspapers and bundles, and to bring papa's slippers to him.</p>
+
+<p>When I was old enough to crawl, he would watch to see that I did not get
+hurt, and if I got too near a flight of steps, he would stand between me
+and them, and pull my dress to get me away. If I went to crawl under
+him, he would lie down, and over him, he would stand up, and so guarded
+me safe till my nurse came, and she often found me asleep with my head
+on Paul's back, who kept still till I waked up.</p>
+
+<p>At Fort Foote, Maryland, Paul became an excellent hunter, and was out
+with my papa nearly every day, bringing home plenty of quail and other
+game. He was a happy dog, taking great interest in garrison life, always
+attending retreat and tattoo with the officer of the day, and even going
+the rounds with him on his tour of inspection after midnight. No weather
+was too bad for Paul, who knew every note of the bugle, and was always
+on hand at the proper "call."</p>
+
+<p>When we went to Fort Brown, Texas, Paul staid behind for cooler weather;
+then he was sent around by sea from New York. He landed at Point Isabel,
+and came over by rail to Brownsville, where my papa met him early one
+morning. Paul barked a welcome at once, and was wild with joy when papa
+released him from the box in which he had travelled, and let him run
+after him out to our quarters. I was still asleep, but Paul knew I must
+be near, so he ran all over the house till he found my bed, when he
+jumped in, and lay down beside me; it woke me up, and we had a fine
+meeting, after six months' separation.</p>
+
+<p>When I went out to ride on my Mexican pony&mdash;General Robertson&mdash;with our
+boy Florentio, then Paul, and then Billy (my goat), we made quite a
+procession. Paul always looked so dignified, and never noticed one of
+Billy's tricks, who pranced along, butting him in the funniest way, and
+trying to attract his attention.</p>
+
+<p>Poor Paul's misfortunes began in Texas, where a large black dog bit him
+through the shoulder, causing a lameness that has never left him, and
+making him hate all black dogs.</p>
+
+<p>After I went North, Paul went with my papa all over Texas, from one fort
+to another, and always rode in his ambulance, which he would leave for
+no one but him. At one of the upper posts he once followed a
+deserter&mdash;who had fed him&mdash;and to avoid suspicion, the man put Paul down
+a deep hole, and left him. After searching some time, my papa at last
+found him; but he was almost starved, as he had had nothing to eat for
+several days.</p>
+
+<p>Paul next went with us to Omaha, where he suffered from the great change
+of climate, and was too lame for much hunting. He was very jealous of
+our two other dogs, Tom and Bill, and would not let them come near my
+sister, brother, or me.</p>
+
+<p>Then we went to Fort Steele, Wyoming, where he hunted a little, and
+played with me a great deal. The high and dry air did him good. He was
+very fond of my little brother George&mdash;our "Centennial baby," whose
+birthday was the 22d of February. When George and I got the scarlet
+fever, Paul would visit both our rooms, and look so sorry for us. After
+Georgie "fell asleep," Paul would trot off every day, alone, to the
+cemetery, and lie down by his "resting-place" awhile, then get up and
+walk home again, his mind satisfied.</p>
+
+<p>Paul has always been an "officer's dog," and never visited the barracks
+at any post, and will not follow soldiers, except the one who feeds him.
+He dislikes citizens, and any stranger <i>not</i> in uniform arouses his
+suspicions at once, and he watches him closely till satisfied he is a
+friend of ours; but did he wear <i>uniform</i>, it would be all right at
+first.</p>
+
+<p>Paul is now at Fort Omaha on the "retired list," and valued for "the
+good he has done." He is getting as fat as a seal, and has the gout&mdash;my
+sister says the go-out. But he's a good old fellow. My grandpa takes
+<span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> for me, and I like it so much I thought I would
+like to tell you about my dog.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1000px;"><a name="THE_HOBBY-HORSE_REGIMENT" id="THE_HOBBY-HORSE_REGIMENT"></a>
+<img src="images/ill_006.jpg" width="1000" height="715" alt="THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT ON THE MARCH." title="" />
+<span class="caption">THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT ON THE MARCH.</span>
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT.</h2>
+
+<p>When the Thirty Years' War was finally brought to a termination by the
+treaty of peace of Westphalia, which was concluded at Nuremberg in 1560,
+the authorities of that place ordered in commemoration public rejoicings
+of various kinds&mdash;banquets, balls, fire-works, etc. But among all these
+public diversions, none was more distinguished for singularity and
+originality, and perhaps childish simplicity, than the procession of
+lads and boys on sticks or hobby-horses. Thus mounted, they rode,
+regularly divided into companies, through the streets, and halted before
+the hotel of the Red Horse, where was staying the Imperial Commissioner,
+Duc D'Amali.</p>
+
+<p>The Duke was so pleased with the novel cavalcade that he requested a
+repetition of the same procession at an early day of the following week,
+which they performed in much larger numbers. On arriving before his
+hotel, the Duke distributed amongst them small square silver medals
+which he had in the interval caused to be struck. The coin represented
+on the obverse a boy on a hobby-horse with whip in hand, and the year
+1560 was inscribed in the centre, while the reverse represented the
+double eagle and armorial bearings of Austria, with the inscription,
+"Vivat Ferdinandus III., Rom. Imp. vivat!"</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_LITTLE_SWISS_MAN" id="THE_LITTLE_SWISS_MAN"></a>THE LITTLE SWISS MAN.</h2>
+
+<p>There was once a little Swiss man who had a mind and will of his own. He
+was one inch high, and carved out of wood by the busy people of Brienz,
+in the long cold winter season. Perhaps the bit of wood out of which he
+was cut was unusually hard, and even knotted; but certainly he had more
+character than his companions, the pretty birds perched on boxes, the
+deer and chamois supporting vases, and all the trinkets made in that
+town, where the wooden houses with projecting roofs, and balconies
+filled with flowers, on the border of Lake Brienz, are precisely like
+the tiny toy mansions in shop windows.</p>
+
+<p>When he was finished, the little Swiss man was very proud of himself. He
+wore gaiters, a jacket, a broad straw hat&mdash;all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span> in wood&mdash;and carried a
+creel on his back, as if just about to climb a mountain, laden with
+butter, cheese, or wine.</p>
+
+<p>The contents of the workshop were scattered like a handful of leaves in
+the wind. The chamois were sent to Paris and London, the little birds on
+the boxes journeyed as far as Russia and America, with the luggage of
+travellers.</p>
+
+<p>"I am sure to be much admired wherever I go," said the little Swiss man,
+with a smile, which was none the less conceited because it was a wooden
+one.</p>
+
+<p>Soon he found himself in the window of a shop at Geneva, and he was not
+immediately bought, to his own surprise. However, he was in very good
+company, although he took upon himself to look down on his companions,
+and he only an inch high!</p>
+
+<p>The shop was located on the Rue du Rhone, but the small window where the
+toys were exposed opened on the rear. The river Rhone, of a beautiful
+color, as pure as ice, quitting the Lake Leman above, swept down under
+the bridges past this window, dividing the city of Geneva. Had the
+little Swiss man possessed any eyes except for his own importance, he
+would have found the view from his shelf interesting. On the right the
+Isle Rousseau was visible, where the ducks and swans live; opposite, a
+foot-bridge crossed the rushing Rhone; and below were the tall old
+houses of the island, with plants in the windows, terminating in a clock
+tower. Along the river margin the Geneva washer-women toiled all day,
+not like those of America, scrubbing at a steaming wash-tub, but under
+long sheds which appeared to float on the surface of the stream, and
+dipping their linen in the flowing water.</p>
+
+<p>The little Swiss man could not understand why he was not bought
+immediately. To be sure, the next shop displayed sparkling heaps of
+crystal, veined agate, and onyx, yet he found himself better than all.
+Children paused before the pane, and laughed with delight, pointing out
+different objects. Our hero took all this admiration to himself as his
+due. On the same shelf was a goose, wearing top-boots, the Ulster of a
+tourist, a bag fastened over his shoulder with a strap, and an eyeglass.
+Here were to be found also a fat little<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span> boy in India rubber, from
+Nuremberg; a beautiful pasteboard theatre, with a lady of blue paper
+advancing from a side scene; tiny Swiss houses in boxes; two
+rope-dancers hanging over their cord; balls and tops. The shelf below
+held the most tempting dishes, representing cakes and dessert, in china,
+ever placed on the table of a doll-house; wax babies rocking in cradles;
+tiny lamps; sewing-machines; miniature goats and cows.</p>
+
+<p>The little Swiss man observed especially a large bear of Berne, wearing
+a cotton night-cap with a red tassel, and a white shirt collar, who
+carried a hand-organ, and a good St. Bernard dog, with the flask
+suspended about his throat, ready to help the poor wanderers lost in the
+snow. Beyond was an interesting company of monkeys on a music-box, some
+playing harps, others scraping violins in obedience to the head monkey,
+who stood in the attitude of a leader of the orchestra, wearing a black
+coat with long tails. The vain little Swiss man fancied the passers-by
+paused only to admire him.</p>
+
+<p>Night came, and the master of the shop closed the door, placed shutters
+before the show-cases, and seated himself at his desk. The little window
+in the rear was still uncovered, and revealed the light on the desk
+where the master wrote. He heard the scratching of his pen on the paper,
+and the patter of rain-drops outside, for the night was stormy. There
+was another sound in the shop, softer than fall of the rain, and finer
+than chirp of a cricket, or humming sound of a mosquito: the toys in the
+window were talking together.</p>
+
+<p>"I have been here for a month, and everybody says I am too dear at five
+francs," said the goose in top-boots.</p>
+
+<p>"How could you expect to sell, when I am in the same window?" growled
+the bear.</p>
+
+<p>"What do you say?" cackled the goose, indignantly.</p>
+
+<p>"He is only a bear," said one of the rope-dancers, cutting a caper.</p>
+
+<p>"Do you know who I am?" retorted the bear, with dignity. "I am the Bear
+of Berne. You will find me on the shield of the city, and kept in a pit
+by the citizens to this day."</p>
+
+<p>"What is the use of boasting?" interposed the St. Bernard dog,
+pettishly. "The bears of Berne live in idleness; they walk about in a
+pit all day, or stand on their hind-legs begging for nuts. A St. Bernard
+dog is better employed, I should hope. We save the travellers in the
+snow who lose their way on the great St. Bernard mountain. If you wish
+to see the dog Barry, who saved fifteen lives, look for him in the Berne
+Museum, stuffed, and kept in a glass case.</p>
+
+<p>The bear was very cross at this reply. He pulled his cotton night-cap
+over his right eye, which gave him a very savage appearance, and turned
+the handle of his organ as if his life depended on it.</p>
+
+<p>"I am not Swiss; I am a German," said the Nuremberg fat boy, puffing out
+his India rubber cheeks.</p>
+
+<p>"Hear him!" cried the lady made of blue paper, on the stage of the
+little theatre&mdash;"hear the rubber boy boast of being a German, when there
+are French toys about!"</p>
+
+<p>At this all the little babies made of pink wax, in the cradles, laughed;
+and even the goats shook their heads, because they came from the Savoy
+side of Lake Geneva, which made them very French in their feelings.</p>
+
+<p>"If somebody would wind us up, we would play," said the monkeys.</p>
+
+<p>The little Swiss man listened.</p>
+
+<p>"I shall not stay in the shop window a month," he said.</p>
+
+<p>His neighbors looked at each other in surprise. On the wall was placed a
+card, and on it was grouped a bunch of flowers like white velvet.</p>
+
+<p>"See, we are above the rest of you; we are the Edelweiss," said these
+flowers. "We grow high up on the mountains, and as we can only bloom in
+such a pure air, a poet has compared us with Gratitude."</p>
+
+<p>At this moment something happened. A boy pressed his face against the
+pane, and stared at the toys. Crack!&mdash;a stone hit the glass, and the boy
+ran away. The wind and the rain swooped in together, upsetting the
+theatre, and knocking the dolls about. The master hastened to close the
+shutter.</p>
+
+<p>The little Swiss man had fallen outside.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning a porter passing by kicked the tiny bit of wood toward
+the parapet, and the next comer sent it spinning into the river.</p>
+
+<p>"Pride goes before a fall," said the St.Bernard dog.</p>
+
+<p>"Why did he feel so superior to the rest of us?" inquired the goose.</p>
+
+<p>"It was all in the grain of the wood," said the leading monkey.</p>
+
+<p>Below Geneva the Rhone joins the Arve, and the two rivers remain
+distinct for a long while&mdash;the Rhone like a green ribbon, and the Arve
+whitened by glacier torrents. Here a poor boy was fishing. What he
+caught was the little Swiss man, bobbing along on the stream, and he
+took this prize to the stone cottage, his home.</p>
+
+<p>"I am glad to be out of the water," thought our wooden hero. "All the
+same, I wish I was back in the shop window. Ah! I did not know
+gratitude, as the Edelweiss said."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_CANARYS_MUSIC_LESSON" id="THE_CANARYS_MUSIC_LESSON"></a>THE CANARY'S MUSIC LESSON.</h2>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">"Now teach me your song, Canary," said Maud with the roguish eyes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">"And when father comes home with mother, I'll give them such a surprise;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">They'll think I am you, Canary, and wonder what set you free,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">And nearly die a-laughing, when they find it is only me.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Teach me your song, Canary; I'll whistle it if I can;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Now open your throat, dear Tiptoe, and sing like a little man."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Tiptoe, the pretty fellow, cocked up his bright black eye,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">As if to say, "Little mistress, it will do you no harm to try."</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Then taking some slight refreshments, and polishing off his bill,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Broke into a rapture of singing that ended off with a trill;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">And Maud, with her head bent forward, sat listening to his lay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">And fast as he sang, she whistled, till gathered the twilight gray.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Then she crept down to the parlor as quietly as a mouse:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">The maids were in the kitchen, and no one else in the house.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">And when the key in the doorway the dear little mischief heard,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">She whistled away so sweetly, they thought it was surely the bird.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Hither and thither she flitted, behind the sofa and chairs;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Her mother cried, "Mercy, Edward! the bird! Is the cat down stairs?"</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Wildly they stared around them, till, "It's me, it is me, papa!"</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Said Maud, from her corner springing. Ah, then what a loud "Ha! ha!"</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Rang through the room. Her father, convulsed, on the sofa sat.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Gravely appeared among them their sober old pussy cat.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">Maud merrily laughed and shouted, "A cunning old cat like you&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 17em;">To think <i>you</i> should mistake me for a little canary too!"</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="MODEL_YACHT-BUILDING" id="MODEL_YACHT-BUILDING"></a>MODEL YACHT-BUILDING.</h2>
+
+<h3>A SLOOP-YACHT.</h3>
+
+<p>The boat here described is a model of a sloop-yacht of about fifteen
+tons measurement, forty-four feet long, and fifteen feet beam; the
+model, on a scale of half an inch to the foot, being consequently
+twenty-two inches long, on the water-line, and seven and a half inches
+wide. The wood should be a block of clear dry pine, twenty-five inches
+long, seven and a half inches wide, and five inches thick, the sides
+being first planed square; then on one of the five-inch sides lines are
+drawn two inches apart across the block; the water-line (W L, Fig. 2) is
+drawn two inches and thirteen-sixteenths from the top at the end
+selected for the bow, and two inches and five-sixteenths<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span> at the stern;
+the stern-post (<i>s t</i>) is laid off, and the outer line of the stern (<i>t
+f</i>); and finally the curved lines <i>a f</i> and <i>a v</i> are drawn, completing
+what is called the sheer plan.</p>
+
+<p>In copying from the drawings it must be kept in mind that they are
+exactly one-fourth the full size, so that any distance taken from them
+with the dividers must be laid off four times on the block.</p>
+
+<p>To copy the curved lines, their distance from some line, as A B or W L,
+is measured on each of the two-inch lines, by which a number of points
+on the curve are found, and a line drawn as nearly as possible through
+all of them by means of a flexible ruler, held in place by pins.</p>
+
+<p>The block must now be cut away to the outline <i>a f t s v</i>, after which
+lines two inches apart are drawn on the top, the line A B drawn entirely
+around the block in the centre of the top, bottom, and ends, and Fig. 1
+drawn on top, both halves being of course the same.</p>
+
+<p>The block is next cut to the line <i>a b c d</i>, Fig. 1, the widest part
+being, not on deck, but along the line <i>c d</i>, as there is some "tumble
+home" from <i>b</i> to the stern.</p>
+
+<p>The outline of the deck is <i>a b e f</i>, the stern being a segment of a
+circle of five inches radius.</p>
+
+<p>A piece of thin board must be cut of the shape of Fig. 5 (which is half
+size), which is the widest part of the boat, and is fourteen inches from
+the bow, and by using it for a guide, both sides may be cut out exactly
+alike.</p>
+
+<p>The stem piece, half an inch thick, and the stern-post, five-sixteenths
+of an inch, are sawed out, and tacked in place temporarily, and a wooden
+keel of the shape shown in Fig. 4 (marked "Lead Keel"), half an inch
+thick, tapering to five-sixteenths where it joins the stern-post, is
+fitted in between them.</p>
+
+<p>The shaping of the hull may now be completed, using a gouge, spokeshave,
+and rasp, keeping the midship section for a guide, and running the
+curved surfaces smoothly and evenly into the sides of the keel, stern,
+and stem, the latter tapering to five-sixteenths of an inch forward.</p>
+
+<p>The hole for the rudder-stock is next bored, one-fourth of an inch in
+diameter, and burned out with a moderately hot iron to five-sixteenths
+of an inch; then, should the stock swell when wet, it will not stick in
+the charred wood, but will still turn freely.</p>
+
+<p>The keel, stem, and stern are removed, to avoid injury to them, and the
+line <i>l m n o p</i>, Fig. 1, is drawn, after which the wood inside is cut
+away with a large gouge or carving tool, until it is one-fourth of an
+inch thick, care being taken to have it all an even thickness, and not
+to cut through at any point, and also to leave the wood solid around the
+rudder-hole.</p>
+
+<p>After the hollowing out is completed, a rabbet one-eighth of an inch
+wide and deep is cut to receive the deck, its outer line being <i>g h i
+k</i>, Fig. 1. Then a light deck beam is set in amidships, the mast step
+put in, and the inside of the hull and the bottom of the deck painted.
+The deck is of pine, one-eighth of an inch thick, and after being cut
+out should have lines scratched in with the compasses three-eighths of
+an inch from each edge to represent the water-ways, and parallel lines
+one-fourth of an inch apart scratched in to represent the joints of the
+deck plank.</p>
+
+<p>Now the deck is laid and tacked down, and the joints painted, and calked
+if needed, the stem and stern-post replaced permanently, and the
+bowsprit screwed to the deck and stem.</p>
+
+<p>The length of the bowsprit is eight and a half inches from the point
+<i>a</i>, Fig. 4, to the outer end, three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter,
+and three inches from <i>a</i> to the inner end, where it is framed into the
+bitts, the inner end being half an inch square.</p>
+
+<p>A piece (<i>x</i>, Fig. 4) is next fitted on deck at the stern, forming the
+after portion of the bulwarks, which on the sides are one-eighth of an
+inch thick, flaring out at the bow, where they are nailed to the
+bowsprit, and tumbling in aft, where they are nailed to the piece <i>x</i>, a
+strip one-eighth of an inch thick (shown in Fig. 5) being first tacked
+to the deck, and the bulwarks nailed against it. Small brads should be
+used in nailing.</p>
+
+<p>The rail is of walnut or mahogany, one-fourth by three-thirty-secondths
+of an inch, nailed on top of the bulwarks, and running out on the
+bowsprit to a point (Fig. 3).</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/ill_007.jpg" width="400" height="385" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>For a sailing model a leaden keel of about two pounds is needed, a mould
+being made in plaster of Paris from the wooden pattern, and the melted
+lead poured in, after which it is smoothed with a plane. It is put on
+temporarily, and the boat, when rigged, put in the water; then enough
+may be planed off to make her trim properly, and the keel put on
+permanently.</p>
+
+<p>The mast is twenty-one inches from deck, where it is half an inch in
+diameter, to cap, where it is a quarter of an inch square, and the
+topmast is eleven inches long, projecting eight inches above the lower
+mast.</p>
+
+<p>The boom is twenty-two inches long, fitted to the mast by wire staples;
+and the gaff, fourteen inches long, has two jaws embracing the mast.</p>
+
+<p>All spars are of yellow pine; the rigging is of fishing-line; and the
+blocks, five-sixteenths of an inch long, and the dead-eyes, one-fourth
+of an inch in diameter, are cut out of any hard wood. The lower one of
+each pair of dead-eyes has a wire looped around it, the other end being
+turned up, and driven into the boat's side, as in Fig. 5.</p>
+
+<p>The upper end of each shroud has a loop spliced in, which goes over the
+mast-head, and a dead-eye is spliced into the lower end.</p>
+
+<p>The forestay has a loop at the top, and runs through the bowsprit,
+forming a bobstay.</p>
+
+<p>Davits are placed on each bow for the anchor, and two on each side for
+the boats, and a capstan stands just forward of the mast.</p>
+
+<p>The sky-lights and companion way are of mahogany, and with the decks,
+spars, and rail, are varnished, the rest of the hull being painted
+black, white, or green, and that portion below the water-line being
+varnished, and dusted over with bronze powder, and when perfectly dry,
+varnished again, giving the appearance of metal sheathing.</p>
+
+<p>The sails are of muslin or lawn, and are laced to the boom and gaff and
+to curtain-rings on the mast, or for the jibs the common "eye" used for
+dresses makes a capital jib hank, and will slip readily up and down the
+forestay.</p>
+
+<p>The drawings show all the remaining details, and by following them
+carefully a handsome and able boat may be built.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;">
+<img src="images/ill_008.jpg" width="700" height="472" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="THE_WHITE_RABBITS_AND_THE_TAR_BABY" id="THE_WHITE_RABBITS_AND_THE_TAR_BABY"></a>THE WHITE RABBITS AND THE TAR BABY.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY AGNES CARR.</h3>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 377px;">
+<img src="images/ill_009.jpg" width="377" height="600" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Ten little white rabbits once lived on the edge of a wood, in a snug
+little hole at the foot of a tall tree; and they were as happy as ten
+rabbits could be, for every day a good little girl, who lived just back
+of the wood, brought them their breakfast of white rolls and brown
+gingerbread; and near by there was a beautiful stream of clear, sweet
+water, where they went to drink, and which sang a merry tune to them as
+it went rippling along.</p>
+
+<p>But one morning when the little rabbits went for their water, they found
+the brook full of sticks and stones, and the water so muddy they could
+not drink it at all.</p>
+
+<p>"Who has done this?" asked Frisky, the oldest and wisest of the rabbits.</p>
+
+<p>"It was old Reynard the fox," said the brook; "and I am so choked up I
+can not sing."</p>
+
+<p>So the little rabbits set to work to clear away the dirt and rubbish,
+and did it so well that before long the brook began its gay song again,
+and the water was clear enough for them to drink.</p>
+
+<p>Next day, however, the stream was filled up again, and they had all the
+work to do over, until their little paws ached. So when, on the third
+morning, they found the water as muddy as ever, they all sat down on the
+bank and cried.</p>
+
+<p>At last Frisky jumped up and said, "It is no use to cry over muddy
+water; but we must do something to punish this old rascal of a fox, and
+make him leave our brook alone."</p>
+
+<p>"But what can we do?" asked his brothers and sisters.</p>
+
+<p>"Come with me, and I will show you."</p>
+
+<p>So the little rabbits followed Frisky to a pile of tar and pitch that
+some men had left; and out of it they made a black tar baby, which they
+set up on a rock close by the edge of the brook, with a piece of
+gingerbread in its mouth; and when night came, and the moon shone
+bright, they all hid behind a tree to see what would happen.</p>
+
+<p>Pretty soon the old fox smelled the gingerbread, and spied the baby on
+the rock.</p>
+
+<p>Then he came up close and said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a
+piece of your gingerbread, or I'll box your ears."</p>
+
+<p>The baby did not answer, so the old fox climbed up on the rock, and
+boxed her on the ear; and his paw stuck so fast he could not pull it
+away again.</p>
+
+<p>Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll box you on the other ear."</p>
+
+<p>The baby did not say a word, so he boxed her on the other ear, and his
+other paw stuck fast.</p>
+
+<p>Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll bite off your nose." Still the baby would not
+answer, so the fox bit at her nose; and his teeth stuck tight in the
+pitch, and he was almost choked with the tar.</p>
+
+<p>The little rabbits then all came out and danced around the wicked old
+fox, saying, "Now you can't choke the pretty brook, for your own mouth
+is choked with tar!"</p>
+
+<p>At last Frisky asked, "Now what shall we do with him?"</p>
+
+<p>"Leave him to starve," said one. "Set fire to his tail," said another.
+And they all proposed something, except Snowflake, the youngest and
+prettiest of the family, who said nothing until Frisky turned to her and
+asked, "And what would you do?"</p>
+
+<p>"I should let him go," replied Snowflake, "if he would promise not to
+trouble the water again."</p>
+
+<p>"Snowflake is right," said Frisky; "he has been punished enough. We will
+let him go."</p>
+
+<p>So they first loosened his mouth, and rubbed his teeth with butter to
+take off the tar, and when he had said three times, "Hope my tail may
+drop off if I ever hurt you or the brook again," they set his paws free,
+and he scampered off, and hid himself in his den in the wood.</p>
+
+<p>And the little rabbits lived happy forever after.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX" id="OUR_POST_OFFICE_BOX"></a>
+<img src="images/ill_010.jpg" width="600" height="258" alt="OUR POST-OFFICE BOX." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Buffalo, New York</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a teacher in one of the public schools of this city. I take
+<span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> to school with me, and my pupils enjoy it
+very much.</p>
+
+<p>I have the oldest children in the building, and they can
+understand all of the pieces. I read them the articles as a reward
+for good behavior and well-learned lessons, and let them copy and
+work out the puzzles.</p>
+
+<p>It would please you to see how anxiously they wait for each new
+issue, and how happy they are when it comes. We are reading the
+touching story of "Biddy O'Dolan" now, and I hope it will lead
+them to think more about these unfortunate children, and try to do
+what they can to make the life of some one a little happier.
+Permit me to congratulate you on the success your paper has
+achieved both here and abroad.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">A Teacher</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Pinal City, Arizona Territory</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a little girl ten years old. I live in Arizona, where the
+great silver mines are, and where the cactus grows forty feet
+high. There were only three white families in this place when we
+came, three years ago. The place was called Picket Post then,
+because soldiers were stationed here. I have several pets.
+Nuisance is my pet deer. She is almost two years old, and is as
+tame as my cat. She wears a red collar, so hunters will not kill
+her. Bub is my pet donkey. I love my Arizona pets very much, but
+not so much as my dear pet grandma, whom we left in Chicago. When
+papa strikes it rich, we are going home to her.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Pearl R. Brown</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><small>Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</small>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I have had a great many different kinds of pets, but two that
+amused me the most were Charley, a snow-white rabbit, and Jet, a
+black kitten. The two were good friends, and played together, and
+ate out of the same dish. One day bunny stole a large red rose,
+and came running into the house with it in his mouth, and Jet at
+his heels. The deep red of the rose, the snowy rabbit, and black
+Jet made a picture pretty enough to paint. After a while bunny
+became very troublesome, and ate the paper off the dining-room
+wall as high as he could reach. Then he was sent away, and Jet
+seemed lonely for days. Soon after he disappeared, and my pets
+since have been birds and dogs, but none were brighter and
+prettier than Jet and Charley.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Aggie R.&nbsp;H.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The alligator I told you about [Post-office No. 19] was finally
+found in a dark corner of the cellar. It only lived two days after
+we found it.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Puss</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Ishpeming, Michigan</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In a late number of <span class="smcap">Young People</span>, Edwin A.&nbsp;H. wrote about his
+cabinet of curiosities, and inquired if any other readers had one.
+I would like to tell him that my brother and I each has a small
+one.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">F.&nbsp;B. Myers</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">New York City</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In answer to L.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;N.'s question in <span class="smcap">Young People</span> No. 20, I would
+say that the whale is dead.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">John R. Blake</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Cambridge, Massachusetts</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In <span class="smcap">Young People</span> No. 18 there was a letter from Nellie R. asking
+what to do for her parrot. In Holden's book on birds I found if
+you feed your bird with too rich food, it causes a skin disease
+and an itching sensation which the bird tries to relieve by
+pulling out its feathers. The only remedy is to feed it on raw or
+boiled carrots, or well-roasted pea-nuts.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Lydia R.&nbsp;F.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">New York City</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I would like to have you tell E.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;M., of Washington, that the
+reason the mouse she used to feed is wild now is because mice are
+very shy, and when they can get their supper without going in
+danger, they will not take any foolish risk. Before E.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;M. fed
+the little fellow, I suppose he was almost starved, and did not
+think anything about getting hurt.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Mabel H.&nbsp;B.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Enterprise, Mississippi</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I read <span class="smcap">Young People</span> every week, and I like it very much. I am now
+reading "Biddy O'Dolan." We have not had any snow and ice here
+this winter, so we can not make snow images and skate, like our
+little friends in the North. But we find other ways to amuse
+ourselves. Our flowers are blooming very pretty. I wish I could
+give you one of our fresh bouquets.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Addie Chambers</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Old Westbury, Long Island</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>This morning I made cake from Puss Hunter's recipe in <span class="smcap">Young People</span>
+No. 19. Mamma measured the things; but I made it all myself, and
+it was lovely. I hope some other little girl will try it. I baked
+it in two saucers. One cake we ate, and the other I cut in two,
+and sent a piece to each of my grandmothers. I have a little
+brother Sam. He is six years old, and the dearest little fellow in
+the world. He and I have a nice dog. He is a pointer, and his name
+is Perie. He is very handsome, but he is very naughty to cats. He
+chases and kills them, so we can not have a kitty. I have six
+dolls&mdash;three are French, and three are wax.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><small>Nellie T. Willets</small> (8 years).</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Fort Preble, Portland, Maine</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I thought you might be interested to hear about some Indians who
+were confined in the old Spanish fort at St. Augustine, Florida,
+when I was there. They were sent from the West, as disturbers of
+the friendly relations between us and their tribes. When they
+first came they looked very wild and savage, with their red
+blankets, and long black hair, of which the men were very proud:
+but when they went away their hair was short; they wore shoes and
+collars and neck-ties, and the United States uniform. They behaved
+so well that they were allowed to post their own sentinels, were
+drilled by the officer in charge of them, and made a very
+respectable company. Many of them learned to read and write, and a
+large number are now at school in Pennsylvania.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Campbell Hamilton</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Groesbeck, Ohio</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>My cousin Harry and I found some pepper-and-salt (or erigenia, as
+my big sister calls it) on the east side of a hill in our woods on
+the 28th of February. We also found spring-beauties and
+pepper-root in bud. I never found wild flowers so early before.
+Last year we found the first on the 11th of March.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Hazie Poole</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Gallipolis, Ohio</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am seven and a half years old, and I go to school. I had a
+canary named Sweet. It died, and I buried it under the kitchen
+window. I take <span class="smcap">Young People</span>, and like the Post-office best of all.
+My cousin Lizzie made me a fire-fly out of pasteboard, and it
+flies nicely.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Herbert H. Henking</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Topeka, Kansas</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I am a subscriber to <span class="smcap">Young People</span>. I think it is a very nice
+paper. I have a little pet antelope, and we feed it out of a
+bottle.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Henry Blakesley</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>When I was four years old we had a young mule. The day it was born
+my brother and I were going to see a little friend who lived near
+us. I asked mamma if the mule could not go too, because it looked
+very anxious to go. After that we always called it the anxious
+mule.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Walter H.&nbsp;C.</span> (9 years).</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Eldred, New York</span>, <i>March 10</i>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The picture of a little girl pulling the Chinaman's pigtail, and
+asking if it would ring, amused us very much, for it reminded us
+of something that happened to my little brother. He went with papa
+and mamma to the Centennial Exhibition. At first he was very shy
+of the life-size groups dressed in the costumes of different
+countries; but when he found they were not alive, he would go and
+examine them very closely. When he visited the Chinese Department,
+a gentleman stood there in full Chinese costume. The little fellow
+ran up and touched his dress, thinking he was a figure like the
+others, and was frightened almost to death when the supposed
+figure stooped down and patted his cheek. Willow "pussies" were
+here two weeks ago.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Elizabeth E. Beck</span> (10 years).</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">St. Louis, Missouri</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I like <span class="smcap">Young People</span> very much. My father is a clergyman, and he
+says it is a good paper for boys and girls. I like to make
+"Wiggles." I made a big pig from No. 9, but it was very crooked,
+and looked like a calf. When I get to be a man, I will learn to
+print newspapers, and I will put in lots of "Wiggles." I like the
+new story, "Across the Ocean," very much.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Theo. F. John</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Hastings, Minnesota</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>In our school we use <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> for a reader, and we
+all like it so much. We had a lesson to-day about "Tracking a
+buried River." On Saturday before Washington's Birthday our
+teacher let us have a school party. He bought candy and oranges
+for us, and the boys and girls brought pies and cake. Some of the
+teachers from the other schools came, and we set a table, and made
+tea.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Lucy A.&nbsp;T.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Xenia, Ohio</span>, <i>March. 8, 1880</i>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I have been to a sugar camp, and I saw how maple sugar is made.
+When I did not want to stay in the camp, I ran over the hills, and
+I went with the boys on the sled to gather sap, and I found some
+pretty moss and flowers. When they made sugar, one of the boys
+made me a little wooden ladle to eat it with.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Jessa Hooven</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">Fort Concho, Texas</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I wish that every boy and girl would read <span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span>,
+for I like it very much. I like the puzzle part best of all. I
+have read Bertie Brown's letter. I live at an army post too, but
+there are no Indians here. We have prairie-dogs, all kinds of
+cactus, and mesquite-trees. I have seen some big tarantulas, too.
+I go to the post school every day. We have good times out here. I
+am a little over ten years old.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Arthur W. Dunbar</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 34em;"><span class="smcap">New York City</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I would like to inquire if the pupils of a big school, of which I
+am one, each send a short story, essay, poem, or a drawing to
+<span class="smcap">Young People</span>, if the one the editors think the best would be
+published, with the name of the author.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">B</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>We will publish such contributions, giving full name and address of
+author. But before being sent, the stories, poems, essays, and drawings
+must be submitted to your teacher, and only those forwarded to us which
+the teacher considers the best. We will ourselves make the final
+decision. The copy must be neatly written, and on one side of the paper
+only.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Arthur M.&nbsp;M.</span>&mdash;There will be a table of contents published at the end of
+every volume of <span class="smcap">Young People</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Harry S.</span>&mdash;An answer to your question would occupy too much space in this
+department. It will, however, be made the subject of a separate article
+in some future number of <span class="smcap">Young People</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">J.&nbsp;U.&nbsp;B.</span>&mdash;Any taxidermist will give you the desired information.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Jessie S.</span>&mdash;The great Greenland whale which is found in the Northern
+Ocean has a throat so small that it can not swallow anything larger than
+a herring. Its principal food consists of a small marine mollusk, about
+an inch and a half long. It catches its dinner by rushing through the
+water with its immense jaws wide open. When its mouth is full, it ejects
+the water, while the whalebone fringe with which it is provided catches
+all the little sea-creatures, which serve as food for the monster. The
+sperm-whale has a much larger throat, and is said to be able to swallow
+a man.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Charles H.&nbsp;B.</span>&mdash;There are so many kinds of worms, snakes, and other
+little creatures which may be the architects of the holes you have
+noticed, that you had better dig open some of the little dwellings, and
+see what you can find. Dig very carefully, and send word to <span class="smcap">Young
+People's</span> Post-office if you discover anything curious.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Birdie S.</span>&mdash;Thanks for your very kind notice, but your pretty puzzle is
+so complimentary to ourselves that we can not print it.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Emmet M.&nbsp;L.</span>&mdash;<i>The American</i>, your amateur paper, is very neatly printed,
+and well made up.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Marie L.</span>&mdash;The extra number of brakes on Mount Washington steam-engines
+is to increase the safety of the descent.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Sallie Floyd reports Japan quinces in bloom at Carthage, Missouri, on
+March 7; Nellie Sands, of Lawrence, Kansas, writes that robins and
+redbirds have lived all winter in the evergreens in her garden; "Henry,"
+of Philadelphia, says the dandelions have been in bloom almost all the
+time; and Lillie Cassiday writes that it snowed hard on March 14 and 18
+in Winterset, Iowa&mdash;the only snow of the winter in that locality.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lizzie S.&nbsp;S.</span>&mdash;You can make an &AElig;olian harp of a box of thin pine. The box
+should be the length of your window, about five inches broad, and three
+deep. Put a row of hitch pins at one end, and tuning pins at the other,
+and two narrow bridges of hard wood about two inches within the pins,
+over which to stretch the strings. Eight strings will make a good harp.
+They should be of catgut, and if you tune them in unison, the sound will
+be sweeter than if they are tuned in thirds or fifths. The tension
+should be rather slack. The ends of the box<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span> should be raised about an
+inch above the strings to support a thin pine board upon which the
+window rests. The draught of air passes over the strings stretched
+midway between the upper board and the sound-board, which should have
+two round holes cut in it. The harp will sound sweeter if placed in a
+window which is struck obliquely by the wind.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Charlie Cubbery, Lizzie Brown, Blanche T.&nbsp;S., Grace Roberts, Lizzie
+Falconer, and M.&nbsp;M. Coleman write pretty stories of gold-fish, canaries,
+turtles, goats, and other pets, which we sincerely regret we have no
+room to print.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS.</h3>
+
+<h3>No. 1.</h3>
+
+<h3>ENIGMA.</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My first is in swine, but not in cow.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My second is in quarrel, but not in row.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My third is in rip, but not in tear.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fourth is in pretty, but not in fair.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My fifth is in herb, but not in root.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My sixth is in inch, but not in foot.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My seventh is in rake, but not in hoe.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My eighth is in yes, but not in no.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My whole is a precious stone.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Katie</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>No. 2.</h3>
+
+<h3>WORD SQUARE.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">First, not any. Second, a part of a stove. Third, necessity. Fourth,
+extremities.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Louisa</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>No. 3.</h3>
+
+<h3>DIAMOND PUZZLE.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">A consonant. A pronoun. A dwelling. Utility. A vowel.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Reginald F.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>No. 4.</h3>
+
+<h3>DOUBLE ACROSTIC.</h3>
+
+<p>Cunning. Something always found on board of ships. An article used in
+soap-making. A girl's name. Something good to eat. A number. The name of
+a large river. Answer&mdash;Capitals of two of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Johnny R.&nbsp;G.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>No. 5.</h3>
+
+<h3>NUMERICAL CHARADE.</h3>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">I am composed of 19 letters.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 9, 7, 3, 5, 10 is an animal.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 19, 15, 16 is a problem.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 2, 4, 6 is to strike.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 16, 4, 1, 10 are small animals.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 8, 7, 6 is an article of kitchen furniture.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 14, 18, 16, 17, 10, 11 is used in building.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My 12, 13, 6 is a small bed.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 24em;">My whole is the name of an eminent navigator.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">George B.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>No. 6.</h3>
+
+<h3>WORD SQUARE.</h3>
+
+<p>First, parts of the fingers. Second, a girl's name. Third, the name of a
+line of ocean steamers. Fourth, deceivers. Fifth, understanding.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 42em;"><span class="smcap">Harry Van A.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 20.</h3>
+
+<h3>No. 1.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Rio do la Plata.</p>
+
+<h3>No. 2.</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>C</td><td align='center'>or</td><td align='right'>D</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>O</td><td align='center'>do</td><td align='right'>R</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W</td><td align='center'>h</td><td align='right'>Y</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>P</td><td align='center'>lai</td><td align='right'>D</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>E</td><td align='center'>mbrac</td><td align='right'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R</td><td align='center'>ai</td><td align='right'>N</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="center">Cowper, Dryden.</p>
+
+<h3>No. 3.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Orion.</p>
+
+<h3>No. 4.</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>F</td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>L</td><td align='left'>L</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>T</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>T</td><td align='left'>R</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>M</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>K</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>P</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<h3>No. 5.</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>S</td><td align='left'>T</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>P</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>T</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>D</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>D</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>T</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>P</td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>T</td><td align='left'>S</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<h3>No. 6.</h3>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="10%" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>A</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>P</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td align='left'>P</td><td align='left'>P</td><td align='left'>L</td><td align='left'>E</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>L</td><td align='left'>I</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>E</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p class="center">A Personation, on page 264&mdash;Charles the First of England.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Favors are acknowledged from A.&nbsp;A. Gilmore, Jun., Bessie Comstock, J.&nbsp;A.
+Bokee, Roscoe C., Thad and Jennie V., Pearl L.&nbsp;M., Willie MacMahan,
+Richard Graham, H.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;N., M.&nbsp;H. Tod., Grace Putnam, Bessie T., L.&nbsp;A.
+Barry, William B.&nbsp;B., Louis Pomeroy, H.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;T., Mary L.&nbsp;B., Barton
+Scales, C.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;H., Willie Everett, Bertie Wheeler, S.&nbsp;M. Nelson, Nick O.&nbsp;D.,
+Clara Commons, Maggie Zane, Mary Maxey, Edith Cragg, Abbie
+Parkhurst, Arthur Ellis, James Penner, Fannie Hartwell, Ada Hathaway,
+Arthur Jones, Beatrice Gower, Jessie Evans, Vince Applegate, Sallie
+Walton, H.&nbsp;A. Forster, G.&nbsp;C. Leiber, Beecher Stephens, L.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;M., Fred
+Anderson, Jessie Kelsey.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>Correct answers to puzzles are received from Herbert Parmenter, C.&nbsp;H.
+Gilson, H. and B., Lulu Pearce, Mary Nesmith, A.&nbsp;L. Bliss, A.&nbsp;H.
+Bechtold, C.&nbsp;F. Langton, "Blind Floretta," Aggie R.&nbsp;H., Charlie A.&nbsp;P.,
+Louise Gates, "Jupiter," Isabel and Marion Copeland, Johnny Glen, May
+S., John Blake, Fannie and Belle M., Gertrude H., Stella and Harry M.,
+James Smith, E.&nbsp;S. Robinson, F.&nbsp;B., Jennie S., Effie Talboys, C. Frank
+H., "Sleepy Dick," Willie Kurtz, Helen Mackay, Florence MacCulley,
+George Duncan, Fannie MacCulley, Edward Keeler, John G.&nbsp;M., John
+MacClintock, Stella, William Lewis, Mary Liddy, Mary Randal, Mabel
+Hatfield, Marguerite Bucknall, G.&nbsp;C., Charlie Rosenberg.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>ADVERTISEMENTS.</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.</h2>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Harper's Young People</span> will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at
+the following rates&mdash;<i>payable in advance, postage free</i>:</p>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Single Copies</span></td><td align='right'>$0.04</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">One Subscription</span>, <i>one year</i></td><td align='right'>1.50</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Five Subscriptions</span>, <i>one year</i></td><td align='right'>7.00</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it
+will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the
+Number issued after the receipt of order.</p>
+
+<p>Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid
+risk of loss.</p>
+
+<h3>ADVERTISING.</h3>
+
+<p>The extent and character of the circulation of Harper's Young People
+will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of
+approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents
+per line.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 25em;">Address</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 30em;">HARPER &amp; BROTHERS,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 35em;">Franklin Square, N.&nbsp;Y.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h1>CANDY</h1>
+
+<p>Send one, two, three, or five dollars for a sample box, by express, of
+the best Candies in America, put up elegantly and strictly pure. Refers
+to all Chicago. Address</p>
+
+<h3>C.&nbsp;F. GUNTHER,</h3>
+<h4>Confectioner,</h4>
+<h4>78 MADISON STREET, CHICAGO.</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p class="center"><b>KEEP YOUR BIRD IN HEALTH AND SONG</b> by using <b>SINGER'S PATENT GRAVEL PAPER</b>.
+Sold by Druggists and Bird Dealers.</p>
+
+<h4>Depot, 582 Hudson St., N.&nbsp;Y.</h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>OUR CHILDREN'S SONGS</h2>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Our Children's Songs. Illustrated. 8vo, Ornamental Cover, $1.00.</h3>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<p>The best compilation of songs for the children that we have ever
+seen.&mdash;<i>New Bedford Mercury.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a large collection of songs for the nursery, for childhood, for
+boys and for girls, and sacred songs for all. The range of subjects is a
+wide one, and the book is handsomely illustrated.&mdash;<i>Philadelphia
+Ledger.</i></p>
+
+<p>It contains some of the most beautiful thoughts for children that ever
+found vent in poesy, and beautiful "pictures to match."&mdash;<i>Chicago
+Evening Journal.</i></p>
+
+<p>An excellent anthology of juvenile poetry, covering the whole range of
+English and American literature.&mdash;<i>Independent</i>, N.&nbsp;Y.</p>
+
+<p>Songs for the nursery, songs for childhood, for girlhood, boyhood, and
+sacred songs&mdash;the whole melody of childhood and youth bound in one
+cover. Full of lovely pictures; sweet mother and baby faces; charming
+bits of scenery, and the dear old Bible story-telling
+pictures.&mdash;<i>Churchman</i>, N.&nbsp;Y.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Published by HARPER &amp; BROTHERS, New York.</h3>
+
+<h4>&#9758; <span class="smcap">Harper &amp; Brothers</span> <i>will send the above work by mail,
+postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on receipt of the
+price.</i></h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHILDRENS" id="CHILDRENS"></a>CHILDREN'S</h2>
+
+<h2>PICTURE-BOOKS.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted
+Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50
+per volume.</p>
+
+<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">With Sixty Illustrations by <span class="smcap">Harrison Weir</span>.</p>
+
+<h3>The Children's Bible Picture-Book.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by <span class="smcap">Steinle</span>, <span class="smcap">Overbeck</span>, <span class="smcap">Veit</span>,
+<span class="smcap">Schnorr</span>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<h3>The Children's Picture Fable-Book.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations
+by <span class="smcap">Harrison Weir</span>.</p>
+
+<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Birds.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">With Sixty-one Illustrations by <span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>.</p>
+
+<h3>The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">With Sixty-one Illustrations by <span class="smcap">W. Harvey</span>.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Published by HARPER &amp; BROTHERS, New York.</h3>
+
+<h4>&#9758; <i>Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the
+United States, on receipt of the price.</i></h4>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>Old Books for Young Readers.</h2>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Arabian Nights' Entertainments.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights'
+Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with
+Explanatory Notes, by <span class="smcap">E.&nbsp;W. Lane</span>. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2
+vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50.</p>
+
+<h3>Robinson Crusoe.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York,
+Mariner. By <span class="smcap">Daniel Defoe</span>. With a Biographical Account of Defoe.
+Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.</p>
+
+<h3>The Swiss Family Robinson.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother
+and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo,
+Cloth, $1.50.</p>
+
+<p class="center">The Swiss Family Robinson&mdash;Continued: being a Sequel to the
+Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo; Cloth, $1.50.</p>
+
+<h3>Sandford and Merton.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">The History of Sandford and Merton. By <span class="smcap">Thomas Day</span>. 18mo, Half
+Bound, 75 cents.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 25%;' />
+
+<h3>Published by HARPER &amp; BROTHERS, New York.</h3>
+
+<h4>&#9758; <i>Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the
+United States, on receipt of the price.</i></h4>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/ill_011.jpg" width="500" height="438" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2>THE BOSSY PUZZLE.</h2>
+
+<p>Re-arrange this picture so as to get a rustic group out of it. It is
+left to your own ingenuity to find out of what the group consists.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="HOW_TO_MAKE_INDIANS_AND_MICE" id="HOW_TO_MAKE_INDIANS_AND_MICE"></a>HOW TO MAKE INDIANS AND MICE.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY BESSIE GUYTON.</h3>
+
+<p>Figs and raisins seem very queer things to make an Indian of; but with a
+bit of wire, two figs, a handful of raisins, a few feathers, a dash of
+red and blue paint, a piece of red flannel, and two beads, a very savage
+old fellow can be produced.</p>
+
+<p>Take a piece of fine wire fourteen or fifteen inches long, and draw it
+through a round, plump fig, pushing the fig to the middle; bend the wire
+together, and slip one large raisin on the double wire, close to the
+fig: now we have the head and neck. Spread the wires, and put through a
+fig larger than the head, for the body; fill both wires with raisins,
+for the legs, turning up the length of one for the feet; pass a piece of
+wire three or four inches long through the upper part of the body fig,
+and string both ends with raisins, which makes the arms, with a turn on
+the ends for the hands. Stick a few feathers around the head (a duster
+can be robbed for the purpose), set black or white beads for eyes (peas
+or beans have a very startling effect when large eyes are required).
+Make use of your paint-box for mouth, nose, brows, war-paint, etc.,
+according to taste, pin a square of bright flannel about the shoulders,
+and you have an alarmingly startling likeness of a Pi-ute chief. A boy
+handy with his penknife can add a wooden tomahawk.</p>
+
+<p>Apple seeds can be converted into the "cutest little mice imaginable by
+following these directions:</p>
+
+<p>With a fine needle draw black sewing silk through the pointed end of a
+good fat apple seed, and clip it short enough to appear a proper length
+for ears; then with a sharp penknife shave a narrow strip from the under
+or flat side of the seed, and turn it out at the other end for the tail.
+Now pass the needle through a white card, and through the seed near the
+tail, and again through the card, and draw down snugly to the card;
+repeat the same at the ear end, and the little chap stands on all fours,
+a very realistic mouse. Two or three tiny muslin bags, filled with
+cotton, marked, "The malt that lay in the house that Jack built," and
+sewed on one corner of the card, with half a dozen or so of these
+miniature pests headed toward it, furnish a very unique trifle, the
+making of which will give an hour's pleasure.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 65%;' />
+
+<h2>ANSWER TO THE PUZZLE OF THE TRAMP TRANSFORMED.</h2>
+
+<p>The Tramp Puzzle given in <span class="smcap">Young People</span> No. 20 is solved as follows: The
+dotted line <i>A B</i> indicates the cut you are to make with the scissors.
+The brim of the man's hat, his pipe, and his nose will fit into the
+spaces <i>C</i>, <i>D</i>, and <i>E</i>. The other piece off the hat represents the
+sea-cow. The few lines marked <i>F</i> represent the reflection of the
+sea-cow in the water.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/ill_012.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p><b>Tricking Bruin.</b>&mdash;The Laps and Finns have an idea that when they kill an
+animal it has the power of haunting them if it condescends to take that
+advantage. When therefore they have slain a bear, they surround the body
+and utter loud lamentations; expressive of the deepest regret. Presently
+one of them asks, in pitying tones, "Who killed thee, poor creature? Who
+destroyed thy beautiful life?" Another of the party replies on behalf of
+the bear, "It was the wicked Swede who lives across the mountain!" And
+there is a chorus of "What a cruel deed! What a dreadful crime!"</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/ill_013.jpg" width="600" height="252" alt="TOP-SY-TURVY&mdash;HOW WOULD YOU LIKE IT YOURSELVES, BOYS?" title="" />
+<span class="caption">TOP-SY-TURVY&mdash;HOW WOULD YOU LIKE IT YOURSELVES, BOYS?</span>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880
+       An Illustrated Weekly
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 12, 2009 [EBook #28777]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 6, 1880 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Annie McGuire
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: HARPER'S
+
+YOUNG PEOPLE
+
+AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.]
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. I.--NO. 23. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR
+CENTS.
+
+Tuesday, April 6, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 per
+Year, in Advance.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: JIM AND CHARLEY IN THE WOODS.]
+
+A RABBIT DAY.
+
+BY W. O. STODDARD.
+
+
+"Jim," said Charley, "has that dog of yours gone crazy?"
+
+"Old Nap? No. Why? What's the matter with him?"
+
+"Just look at the way he's diving in and out among the trees. He'll run
+full split right against one first thing he knows."
+
+"No, he won't. He's after rabbits. We're 'most to the swamp now, and Nap
+knows what we've come for as well as we do."
+
+There was no mistake but what he was a wonderfully busy dog just then.
+It looked as if he was trying to be all around, everywhere, at the same
+time; and every few moments he would give expression to his excitement
+in a short sharp yelp.
+
+"He means to tell us he'll stir one out in a minute," said Jim. "It's a
+prime rabbit day."
+
+"Are there more rabbits some days than there are others?"
+
+"Easier to get 'em. You see, there came a thaw, and the old snow got
+settled down, and a good hard crust froze on top of it; then there was a
+little snow last night, and the rabbits'll leave their tracks in that
+when they come out for a run on the crust. Old Nap knows. See him; he'll
+have one out in a minute."
+
+"Is this the swamp?" asked Charley.
+
+"All that level ahead of us. In spring, and in summer too, unless it's a
+dry season, there's water everywhere among the trees and bushes; but
+it's frozen hard now."
+
+"What is there beyond?"
+
+"Nothing but mountains, 'way back into the Adirondacks. We'd better load
+up, Charley."
+
+"Why, are not the guns loaded?"
+
+"No. Father never lets a loaded gun come into the house. Aunt Sally
+won't either. Shall I load your gun for you?"
+
+"Load my gun! Well, I guess not. As if I couldn't load my own gun!"
+
+Charley set himself to work at once, for the movements of old Nap were
+getting more and more eager and rapid, and there was no telling what
+might happen.
+
+But Charley had never loaded a gun before in all his life. Still, it was
+a very simple piece of business, and he knew all about it. He had read
+of it and heard it talked of ever so many times, and there was Jim
+loading his own gun within ten feet, just as if he meant to show how it
+should be done. He could imitate Jim, at all events; and so he thought
+he did, to the smallest item; and he hurried to get through as quickly,
+for it would not do to be beaten by a country boy. And then, too, there
+was old Napoleon Bonaparte--that is to say Nap--beginning to yelp like
+mad.
+
+They were just on the edge of the swamp, and it was, as Jim said, "a
+great place for rabbits."
+
+"He's after one! There he comes!"
+
+"Where? Where? I see him! Oh, what a big one!"
+
+Bang!
+
+Charley had been gazing, open-mouthed, at the rapid leaps of that
+frightened white rabbit, and wondering if he would ever sit down long
+enough to be shot at, with that dog less than half a dozen rods behind
+him.
+
+He was in a tremendous hurry, that rabbit, and he would hardly have
+"taken a seat" if one had been offered him; but he was down now, for Jim
+had not only fired at him--he had hit him.
+
+"One for me. I meant to let you have the first shot. Never mind; you
+take the next one. Keep your eyes out. He may be along before I'm
+loaded."
+
+Old Nap's interest in a rabbit seemed to cease the moment it was killed,
+for he was now ranging the bushes at quite a distance.
+
+"Here comes one. Quick, Charley! He's stopped to listen for the dog."
+
+So he had, like a very unwise rabbit, and was perking up his long ears
+within quite easy range of Charley's gun as he levelled it.
+
+"Cock it! cock it!" shouted Jim. "Cock your gun!"
+
+"Oh, I forgot that."
+
+But he knew how; and when he once more lifted his gun, and pulled the
+triggers, one after the other, they came down handsomely.
+
+"Only snapped your caps?" said Jim. "I never knew that gun to miss fire
+before. He's gone."
+
+The rabbit had taken a hint from the bursting of the caps, and was now
+running a race with Napoleon Bonaparte across the swamp.
+
+Charley looked at his weapon very gravely, and put on another pair of
+caps, remarking, "I never had a gun miss fire like that with me before."
+
+Jim's own gun was ready again in short order, but there was a queer
+questioning look stealing into his face, and he said,
+
+"Take mine, Charley; I'll look into that business."
+
+Charley traded guns, and stood anxiously watching for another rabbit,
+while Jim "looked into" both barrels of the offending piece, and tried
+them with the ramrod.
+
+"Got enough in 'em; no mistake about that. Guess I'd better draw the
+charges."
+
+There was a corkscrew on the end of the ramrod for that sort of thing,
+and in a moment more Jim had a wad out of each barrel.
+
+"Hullo! Powder? I declare! Why, Charley, you've put your ammunition in
+wrong end first. You might have cracked caps on that thing all day. Your
+shot's all at the bottom."
+
+"Is that so? Well, you see, I never used that kind of a gun before,
+and--"
+
+"Here comes Nap! Big rabbit. There's a chance for you. Take him on the
+run."
+
+He tried. That is, he raised Jim's gun, and blazed away with one barrel,
+but all the harm he did that rabbit was to knock down a whole bunch of
+bright red mountain-ash berries from a branch twenty feet above him.
+
+"Quick, Charley! Your other barrel. He's turning on Nap, around those
+sumac bushes."
+
+Charley had held his gun a little loosely, and it had given him a smart
+kick in consequence; but he saw what Jim meant, and his reputation as a
+sportsman was at stake. He knew, too, that Jim was trying his best not
+to laugh, and he was determined to get that rabbit.
+
+"Bow-ow-ow-wow!"
+
+Rabbit and dog seemed somehow to come within range of that gun at the
+same instant, just as it went off. It was a grand good thing for old Nap
+that his master's city cousin aimed so high, and that the gun kicked
+again. As it was, the astonished dog was now making the snow fly in a
+whirl, as he dashed around in it after the tip of his tail, where one of
+the little leaden pellets had struck him.
+
+That was only for a moment, however, and then he came gravely marching
+across the crust, and looked up in the faces of the boys, one after the
+other, as much as if he was asking, "Which of you was green enough to
+take me for a rabbit?"
+
+He had not been very badly hurt, except, perhaps, in his sense of
+justice; but now Charley suddenly gave a shout, and sprang forward.
+
+"I hit him! I hit him!"
+
+"Fact," said Jim; "so you did. Come here, Nap. Poor fellow! How's your
+old tail now?"
+
+Charley was back in a twinkling with his own rabbit and the one Jim had
+killed, but there was a wide difference between them. There was shot
+enough in the latter to have killed half a dozen, while all the mark
+they could find on Charley's game was one little spot at the roots of
+his ears.
+
+"So much for making the shot scatter. If I hadn't put in a double load
+of shot, you'd have lost 'em both."
+
+"There wasn't but one," said Charley.
+
+"I mean that rabbit and old Napoleon Bonaparte. Come on now. Your gun's
+all right. Let's try the other side of the swamp."
+
+He pointed out a rabbit, sitting among some bushes, on the way, and
+Charley's gun went off finely, now that the powder had been put in
+first.
+
+"Don't you ever shoot them when they're sitting still, Jim?"
+
+"No; and you won't when you're used to it. There's one coming for me.
+I'll take him as he goes by."
+
+Nap was entirely safe this time. Indeed, he seemed inclined all the rest
+of that morning to do his rabbit-hunting at a somewhat unsociable
+distance from his friends.
+
+There were plenty of rabbits in the swamp, and the boys were more than a
+little proud of their success, especially Charley; but when the time
+came for going home, it was curious how ready they both were to go. So
+was Napoleon Bonaparte. Truth to tell, it had been hard work, and the
+boys declared the rabbit a remarkably heavy beast, for his size, by the
+time they reached home with their game.
+
+
+
+
+THE AWAKENING.
+
+BY M. M.
+
+
+  Down all the rugged mountain-slopes,
+    Through all the mossy dells,
+  There comes a gentle purling sound,
+    Like peals of fairy bells.
+
+  A tinkling, rippling, gurgling song
+    Is borne on every breeze;
+  Mysterious whispers seem to stir
+    The grim old forest trees.
+
+  The tiny grasses wave their hands
+    And gayly nod their heads
+  To lazy buds, still half asleep
+    In cozy winter beds.
+
+  And now the riotous sunbeams come;
+    They draw the curtains wide;
+  Nor leave untouched the smallest nook
+    Where sleepy buds may hide.
+
+  "Awake! awake!" the whole Earth cries:
+    "King Winter's reign is past;
+  His crown he yields to his fairest child,
+    And Spring is Queen at last."
+
+
+
+
+SALT AND ITS VALUE.
+
+
+All our young readers know the value of that familiar and useful
+substance, salt, which enters so largely into our daily wants, and is so
+essential to our existence. Formerly prisoners in Holland were kept from
+the use of salt; but this deprivation produced such terrible diseases
+that this practice was abolished. The Mexicans, in old times, in cases
+of rebellion, deprived entire provinces of this indispensable commodity,
+and thus left innocent and guilty alike to rot to death.
+
+This mineral is frequently mentioned in the Bible. The sacrifices of the
+Jews were all seasoned with salt, and we read of a _covenant_ of salt.
+Salt was procured by the Hebrews from the hills of salt which lie about
+the southern extremity of the Dead Sea, and from the waters of that sea,
+which overflow the banks yearly, and leave a deposit of salt both
+abundant and good.
+
+Among ancient nations salt was a symbol of friendship and fidelity, as
+it is at present among the Arabs and other Oriental people. In some
+Eastern countries, if a guest has tasted salt with his host, he is safe
+from all enemies, even although the person receiving the salt may have
+committed an injury against his entertainer himself.
+
+Among the common people all over Scotland, a new house, or one which a
+new tenant was about to enter, was always sprinkled with salt by way of
+inducing "good luck." Another custom of a curious nature once prevailed
+in England and other countries in reference to salt. Men of rank
+formerly dined at the same table with their dependents and servants. The
+master of the house and his relations sat at the upper end, where the
+floor was a little raised. The persons of greatest consequence sat next,
+and all along down the sides, toward the bottom of the table, the
+servants were placed according to their situations. At a certain part of
+the table was placed a large salt vat, which divided the superior from
+the inferior classes. Sitting _above_ the salt was the mark of a
+gentleman or man of good connections, while to sit _beneath_ it showed a
+humble station in society.
+
+Salt is found in greater or less quantities in almost every substance on
+earth, but the waters of the sea appear to have been its first great
+magazine. It is found there dissolved in certain proportions, and two
+purposes are thus served, namely, the preservation of that vast body of
+waters, which otherwise, from the innumerable objects of animal and
+vegetable life within it, would become an insupportable mass of
+corruption, and the supplying of a large proportion of the salt we
+require in our food, and for other purposes. The quantity of salt
+contained in the sea (according to the best authorities) amounts to
+_four hundred thousand billion_ cubic feet, which, if piled up, would
+form a mass one hundred and forty miles long, as many broad, and as many
+high, or, otherwise disposed, would cover the whole of Europe, islands,
+seas, and all, to the height of the summit of Mont Blanc, which is about
+sixteen thousand feet in height.
+
+If salt, however, were only to be obtained from the sea, the people who
+live on immense continents would have great difficulty in supplying
+themselves with it; and here you see how kindly Providence watches over
+the comfort of human creatures, for nature has provided that the sea, on
+leaving those continents, all of which were once overspread with it,
+should deposit vast quantities of salt, sufficient to provide for the
+necessities of the inhabitants of those parts. In some places the salt
+is exposed on the surface of the ground in a glittering crust several
+inches thick; in others, thicker layers have been covered over with
+other substances, so that salt now requires to be dug for like coal or
+any other mineral. Salt is found in this last shape in almost every part
+of the world; though in the vast empire of China it is so scarce that it
+is smuggled into that country in large quantities.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A SUN-DIAL.
+
+
+Our young friends would, we doubt not, like to know how to make a
+sun-dial that will give the time very accurately. Common sun-dials
+depend on the shadow of a post, which is thick and heavy, and affords
+only a very rough idea of the time. But the one we are going to tell
+them about will show the time as precisely as a clock. And it is quite
+easy to make. It has, in the first place, a face set up slanting on a
+pedestal. The proper slant answers to the latitude of the place. At and
+near New York it should be about forty-one degrees from the
+perpendicular, or a little more than half upright. The face is divided
+into hour spaces, just like the face of a clock, but the whole circle is
+not used. A semicircle is all that the sun can traverse, except in the
+long days of summer. The fourth part of a circle is about all that can
+be used in ordinary windows. It will answer for the hours between nine
+o'clock and three. It is divided into six equal parts for the hour
+spaces, and each of these is subdivided for the minutes. If the radius
+of the circle be one foot, the minute spaces will be about one-sixteenth
+of an inch, or about the same as on the face of a watch. The dividing is
+easily done with a pair of compasses, a ruler, and a sharp lead-pencil.
+
+Now we will explain the indicator. It is made of three pieces--a base
+and two uprights. The base is fifteen inches long, three wide, and
+three-quarters of an inch thick. The uprights are of the same thickness,
+and about seven inches high. They are morticed into the base, and have
+the shape shown in the picture. A hole half an inch in diameter is bored
+through the upright at A, and another at B. Over each of these holes
+pieces of tin are tacked, with a little hole in the centre about as
+large as a pin's head. When the sun-dial is placed in position, the sun
+shines through these holes, and makes a little bright circle on the
+other upright. The upper hole, A, is for summer, when the sun is high,
+and the lower one, B, for winter. The indicator is pivoted by a large
+screw to the centre, C, of the face, so that it can be turned round like
+the hand of a clock. At the upper end of the indicator a little pointer
+is fastened directly over the scale of hours and minutes. A needle, or a
+pin with the head cut off, makes a good pointer.
+
+After the sun-dial is made, the next thing is to set it in its proper
+position, which is so that when the pointer is at XII. it will also be
+directed exactly south, while the lower end of the indicator is to the
+north. Then, at noon by sun time, the sun will make its little bright
+circle exactly in the middle of the lower upright. A line should be
+drawn up and down to show the middle; then this line will cut the sun
+circle equally in two. To find out the time before and after noon, the
+indicator is moved so that the sun circle will fall on the same middle
+line, and the pointer will show the time. This sun time differs somewhat
+from clock time. The difference for every day in the year is given by
+the almanacs, and very exactly by the Nautical Almanac. This difference
+being added or subtracted, makes known the true clock time. Thus, for
+the 1st of March, clock time is twelve minutes faster than sun time.
+Hence noon by the sun-dial is just that much later than noon by the
+clock. Any of our readers who have a little mechanical skill can make a
+sun-dial, on the plan described, that, when put in proper position, will
+be more reliable than the best of clocks, and that will be found a
+convenient means of setting them right. But don't despise the clocks;
+for very likely you will have to resort to one in order to get the
+sun-dial in position; and then, too, remember that the sun does not
+shine all the while, but is very fond of hiding behind clouds.
+
+
+
+
+[Begun in No. 19 of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, March 9.]
+
+ACROSS THE OCEAN; OR, A BOY'S FIRST VOYAGE.
+
+A True Story.
+
+BY J. O. DAVIDSON.
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+FRANK AND THE CAPTAIN.
+
+
+Austin was still the centre of an admiring group, when a deep voice made
+itself heard from behind.
+
+"Say, mates, ye'd better let the lad git on some dry duds, 'stead o'
+fussin' over him that way; why, he's as wet as the lee scuppers."
+
+Frank recognized old Herrick, the quartermaster, who had roused him from
+his nap on the coil of rope the first night of the voyage.
+
+"Come, youngster," pursued the old man, "hurry up and git a dry shirt
+on. What d'ye look so queer for?--hain't ye got nary one?"
+
+Frank explained that his bag and bundle had "disappeared somehow,"
+before they had been two days at sea.
+
+"Stolen, I reckon," growled a sailor; "but 'twarn't nobody on the
+fo'c'stle as done it, anyhow. It's been some o' them blessed
+firemen--thievin' wharf-rats every one!"
+
+"Ay, _they're_ the boys for hookin' things," added another. "Last v'y'ge
+I made, there was a fireman we called Sandy, as I'd seen hangin' around
+my sea-chest jist afore I missed suthin'. So I fixed a fish-hook to the
+lock, and nex' day Mr. Sandy had a precious sore finger somehow; and
+from that day for'ard we never called him nothing but 'Sandy Hook'. [A
+loud laugh from the rest applauded the joke.] But _I_'ll lend the
+younker a shirt, willin'."
+
+"And I."
+
+"And I."
+
+"Well, look'ee here, boys," said old Herrick, "let's give him poor
+Allen's chest and kit. _He_'ll never need it more, poor fellow, and I've
+heerd him say he'd nary relation ashore. Seems to me Frank's the one as
+ought to have it: what say ye all?"
+
+All agreed, and the drowned man's chest was pulled out and rummaged. Out
+came caps, jackets, trousers, shirts, sea-boots. Out came three or four
+letters and a photograph, which were laid aside to be handed over to the
+purser; and lastly, out came a small, well-thumbed Bible of
+old-fashioned look, which Herrick (after eying it thoughtfully for a
+moment) put into his own pocket.
+
+"Whew! who'd ha' thought Allen kep' a Bible?"
+
+"I _have_ seen him spellin' in it, though, once and again; but he always
+shet it up when anybody cum nigh him."
+
+"Well, well, 'twarn't _it_ as brought him his ill luck, anyhow. Now,
+young un, let's see how the duds fit you."
+
+But, as might have been expected, everything was "miles too big," and
+bagged about him in such a way as to make one of the men remark, with a
+grin, that "if he carried so much loose canvas, he'd founder in the
+first squall."
+
+"We must take in a reef or two, then, that's all," said Herrick. "Bear a
+hand, my boy, and we'll soon turn you out ship-shape."
+
+[Illustration: FRANK AND OLD HERRICK.]
+
+To work went the two amateur tailors, while Frank seized the chance of
+taking a good look at his new friend. The old tar was certainly well
+worth looking at. Tall, broad-shouldered, active, with his brown hard
+face framed in iron-gray hair and beard--a pleasant twinkle in the keen
+blue eyes that looked out from beneath his bushy brows, and a kindly
+smile flickering over his rugged features ever and anon, like sunshine
+upon a bare moor--he looked the very model of one of those sturdy old
+sea-dogs who held their own against England's stoutest "hearts of oak"
+in the old days of '76.
+
+As he worked on, making stitches which, though they would have horrified
+a fashionable tailor, were at least strong and durable, he began to pour
+forth a series of yarns, a tithe of which would "set up" any novelist
+for life. Fights with West-Indian pirates; hair-breadth escapes from
+polar icebergs; picturesque cruises among the Spice Islands; weary days
+and nights in a calm off the African coast, on short allowance of water,
+with the burning sun melting the very pitch out of the seams--were
+"reeled off" in unbroken succession, while Frank listened open-mouthed,
+and more than once forgot his tailoring altogether.
+
+But the stroke of a bell overhead broke in upon the talk.
+
+"My watch on deck," said the old man, springing up as nimbly as a boy.
+"Now, lad, slip on them togs agin. Ay, _now_ you look all a-taunto."
+
+Frank was indeed improved. His shore clothes, which, with grease,
+coal-dust, tar, salt-water, and the rents made by the fight with Monkey,
+were (as the boatswain said) "not fit for a 'spectable scarecrow to wear
+of a Sunday," were exchanged for a blue flannel shirt and a pair of trim
+white canvas trousers. A neat black silk handkerchief was knotted around
+his neck, and his battered "stiff-rim" replaced by a jaunty sailor cap.
+
+"Hello, youngster! the cap'n wants yer," shouted a sailor, as Frank
+appeared on deck.
+
+"You're in luck, my boy," said Herrick. "Keep a stiff upper lip, but
+don't speak unless you're spoken to, and then say as little as you can."
+
+On entering the captain's room Frank found the latter busied in
+"pricking out" the ship's course on the chart, and was thus able to
+survey him at leisure. Captain Gray's plain black suit and standing
+collar, his grayish-brown hair, close-cut whiskers, and mild expression,
+made him look more like a preacher than like one who had led a forlorn
+hope over the ruins of Fort Sumter, and had captured, single-handed, the
+ringleader of a dangerous mutiny in the West Indies. This mutiny,
+however, had occurred aboard another vessel, for nothing of the sort had
+ever been heard of on his own. The crew "froze to him" in all he did or
+said; and any "sea-lawyer" who tried to breed a disturbance soon found
+the _Arizona_ too hot for him.
+
+"Talk 'bout the officers as ye like," was the constant saying on the
+forecastle, "but nary word agin the old 'deacon.'"
+
+For, strange to say, Captain Gray _was_ a deacon when ashore, and not a
+few of his best hands were members of the old white church at home in
+Nantucket.
+
+[Illustration: THE CAPTAIN'S ROOM.]
+
+His room was like himself--simple, but perfectly orderly. A neat bed,
+with snow-white coverlet and pillow; a little cupboard beside it,
+containing a pitcher and wash-basin; a Bible in a neat wooden rack on a
+small table; a rifle, cutlass, and two revolvers, all bright and clean,
+hanging on the wall above it; a cabinet of books, mostly works of travel
+and navigation; several chairs, on one of which lay the captain's coat
+and cap; and a curtain along the wall, above which appeared various
+articles of clothing hung on pegs.
+
+Presently the captain looked up, and after "figuring" a moment on a slip
+of paper, touched a bell. Instantly a panel flew open, and a hoarse
+voice shouted, "Ay, ay, sir!"
+
+"How's her head now, quartermaster?"
+
+"S.E. by S., sir."
+
+"All right; keep her so."
+
+"Ay, ay, sir;" and the panel closed again.
+
+Then, for the first time, the captain appeared to become aware of
+Frank's presence, and bending forward, fixed upon him a look that seemed
+to read his very soul. It was a proverb with the crew of the _Arizona_
+that "no rogue could ever face the old man's eye;" and although he was
+never known to utter an oath or unseemly word, his very glance had more
+effect than any amount of bluster and bullying.
+
+"So you're the boy who oiled the outboard bearing to-day? I hear you've
+been fighting with Monkey. We won't say any more about that now, but
+don't let it happen again. Can you read and write?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Is this your handwriting on the ship's articles, and in the store-room
+account-book?"
+
+"Yes, sir."
+
+"Have you studied arithmetic? Well, then, work me out this example."
+
+Austin obeyed.
+
+"Right," said the captain, glancing at the result. "After this, Mr.
+Hurst [the chief engineer] will put you in the place of the oiler who
+was lost this morning. The fifty dollars reward is in the purser's
+hands, where I advise you to leave it till you really need it. You may
+go now. Good-night."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"What! couldn't they make ye nothin' better'n a kettle-iler?" growled
+old Herrick, on hearing the result of the interview; for, like a true
+sailor of the old school, he abominated everything connected with "that
+'ere new-fangled steam." "A _sailor's_ what you're cut out for, and a
+sailor's what every man ought to be as can. Howsomdever, there's no fear
+but you'll git on well enough with the old man; for he's a good feller,
+if ever there was one. We shipped together for our first v'y'ge, him and
+me, when we were no bigger'n you are; and if we ever part comp'ny agin,
+'twon't be _my_ fault, anyhow."
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+HOUSEHOLD PETS.
+
+
+An amusing story is told of a modern puss which sailed across the seas.
+A Polynesian missionary took a cat with him to the island of Raratonga,
+but Puss, not liking her new abode, fled to the mountains. One of the
+new converts, a priest who had destroyed his idol, was one night,
+sleeping on his mat, when his wife, who sat watching beside him, was
+terribly alarmed by the sight of two small fires gleaming in the
+doorway, and by the sound of a plaintive and mysterious voice. Her blood
+curdling with fear, she awoke her husband, with wifely reproaches on his
+folly in having burned his god, who was now come to be avenged on them.
+
+The husband, opening his eyes, saw the same glaring lamps, heard the
+same dismal sound, and, in an agony of fright, began to recite the
+alphabet, by way of an incantation against the powers of darkness. The
+cat on hearing the loud voices felt as much alarm as she had caused, and
+fled in the darkness, leaving the worthy pair much relieved.
+
+A short while afterward Puss took up her quarters in a retired temple,
+where her "mews" struck terror into the breasts of the priest and
+worshippers who came with offerings to the gods. They fled in all
+directions, shouting, "A monster from the deep! a monster from the
+deep!" to return with a large body of their companions in full war
+array, with spears, clubs, and shields, and faces blackened with
+charcoal. The cat, however, was too nimble for them, and escaped through
+the midst of their ranks, sending these brave warriors flying in every
+direction.
+
+That night, however, Puss, tired of her lonely life, foolishly entered a
+native hut, and creeping beneath the coverlet under which the whole
+family were lying, fell asleep. Her purring awoke the owner of the hut,
+who procured the help of some other models of valor, and with their
+assistance murdered poor Pussy in her tranquil and confiding slumbers.
+
+But cats, though thus at first misunderstood, were afterward welcomed in
+Raratonga, which was devastated with a plague of rats. The missionaries
+imported a cargo consisting of pigs, cocoa-nuts, and cats.
+
+A youthful clerk who was once appointed to make out an invoice of
+shipments on a Mississippi steamer, was perplexed by the item of "Four
+boxes of tom-cats." On inquiry, the mystery was solved. "Why," said the
+indignant sutler, "that means four boxes of _tomato catsup_. Don't you
+understand abbreviations?"
+
+An amusing reason is given for cats washing their faces after a meal. A
+cat caught a sparrow, and was about to devour it, but the sparrow said,
+
+"No gentleman eats till he has first washed his face."
+
+The cat, struck with this remark, set the sparrow down, and began to
+wash his face, on which the sparrow flew away. This vexed Pussy
+extremely, and he said,
+
+"As long as I live I will eat first, and wash my face afterward."
+
+Which all cats do even to this day.
+
+Here is another cat and sparrow fable:
+
+"I wonder," said a sparrow, "what the eagles are about, that they don't
+fly away with the cats? And now I think of it, a civil question can not
+give offense." So the sparrow finished her breakfast, went to the eagle,
+and said: "May it please your Majesty, I see you and your race fly away
+with the birds and the lambs, that do no harm. But there is not a
+creature so malignant as a cat; she prowls about our nests, eats up our
+young, and bites off our own heads. She feeds so daintily that she must
+be herself good eating. Why do you not feed upon a cat?"
+
+"Ah!" said the eagle, "there is sense in your question. I had a worm
+here this morning, asking me why I did not breakfast upon sparrows. Do I
+see a morsel of worm's skin on your beak, my child?"
+
+The sparrow cleaned his bill upon his bosom, and said, "I should like to
+see the worm that made that complaint."
+
+"Come forward, worm," the eagle said. But when the worm appeared, the
+sparrow snapped him up and ate him, after which he went on with his
+argument against the cats.
+
+
+
+
+HOW HE BROUGHT HIS ENGINE DOWN.
+
+BY CHARLES BARNARD.
+
+
+It was one of the most difficult parts of the whole line. A range of
+high hills lay directly north and; south, and the railroad ran nearly
+east and west; that is, the stations on each side of the range of hills
+lay east and west, but to cross the range the road wound about in the
+most complicated and curious fashion. At the summit of the range, where
+the line crossed, there was a water tank, and a cross-over switch, and a
+house for the line-man. This place was eight miles from the station, on
+the east side, as the crow flies; by rail it was seventeen miles, a
+steady up grade all the way. All the west-bound trains had to have help
+in getting over this seventeen-mile grade, and for this service there
+were several pushing-engines kept there to go behind the trains, and
+help them up the grade. When the top of the grade was reached, the
+trains went on, for there were no passengers to be taken or left there.
+The line-man's house was the only house within five miles, and all the
+rugged hills round about were covered with deep woods. The
+pushing-engines that came up the grade usually stopped for a moment or
+two for water, took the cross-over switch, and ran back on the down
+track without using steam, as it was down grade all the way. Of course
+all east-bound trains, both freight and passenger, came down without
+help, and, in fact, without using steam, except to get a good start at
+the top.
+
+One day a long freight train moving west came to the foot of the grade,
+and took on an extra engine to help it up the hill. This extra engine
+stood on a siding, and when the freight had passed, it drew out on the
+main line, and took its place behind the train. It was not coupled to
+the train, as its duty was merely to push behind. There were about
+thirty-five cars in the train, chiefly empty grain cars going west, and
+with a "caboose" behind. There were half a dozen brakemen and the
+conductor scattered along the train on top of the cars. All these points
+you must remember, to understand what happened soon after.
+
+The line for the seventeen miles up the grade is very crooked, with
+several high embankments and very sharp turns. Not a nice bit of road
+for a fast run with a heavy train. Nearly all the distance is through
+thick woods, so that the brave engineer's deeds were not seen by any one
+save the few men who were on the train, and in the greatest peril.
+
+The two engines and long line of cars crept slowly up the grade, and
+without accident, till almost at the top. The forward engine reached the
+top, and kept straight on; there was no need to stop; and when the train
+fairly passed the summit, and began to descend the grade on the western
+side of the hills, the pushing-engine merely stopped, and was left
+behind. Just then something very singular happened. The engineer
+reversed his engine, and started to run back to the cross-over switch
+that was just below. He intended to take the down track, and return to
+the station, seventeen miles below. The station-master was at the
+switch, and had already opened it. Suddenly the fireman gave a cry, and
+the engineer looked out his forward window to see what had happened. The
+train was still in sight up the line, but it was moving down instead of
+up. It had broken apart. A coupling had given way, and some of the cars
+were rolling down the grade right on to his engine. He could see the men
+on top waving their hands for him to get out of the way. The
+freight-cars had broken loose, and were running away. The men on top
+could not stop them.
+
+Where would it end? Where would the cars go? Would they ever reach the
+bottom of the long grade without jumping the rails at some sharp curve,
+only to plunge into the woods down some lofty embankment? No time to
+think about that. The thing to do was to get out of the way, and prevent
+the runaway train from dashing into the engine. He whistled to the
+station-master to close the switch, and give him the clear line. He must
+run away from the runaway train. He put on steam, and started down the
+grade. The station-master seemed to understand what had happened, and
+promptly closed the switch. Faster and faster rolled the cars, and the
+engine shot ahead to keep out of the way.
+
+Now for a race for life and death. If he kept ahead, he was safe--safe
+from collision, but not from running off the line at the terrible curves
+below. On and on the engine flew, down and down through the woods, till
+the trees seemed to whirl past in a dizzy dance. Faster and faster came
+the train gaining speed at every rail. How the woods roared with the
+rush of the runaway cars, and the engine flying on before! The cars
+swayed from side to side, and the men on top sat down, as if calmly
+waiting their dreadful fate. They swept round a curve, and the engineer
+had a chance to look back up the line, and saw to his dismay that there
+were more cars behind. A second and shorter train was fast following the
+first. The train had evidently broken into three parts, and two of the
+parts, one of eighteen cars, and one of nine cars, were tearing down the
+grade at forty miles an hour. It was a killing pace, and growing worse
+every second. It was sure death to all to keep it up much longer.
+Something must be done to save engine, men, and cars.
+
+The engine was using steam, and kept ahead of the cars; but it could not
+do so much longer. What if he let them gain on him, and then time the
+speed till they collided? It was a desperate experiment, but he would
+try it. Slowly and very carefully he took off the steam, and ran slower.
+In a moment he had the speeds just alike. Then he made the pace of the
+engine a little less, and a little less, while the roaring and swaying
+train came nearer and nearer. Both were still flying down the grade at a
+fearful pace. The men on the cars watched the engine sharply. They saw
+what the engineer meant to do. If he succeeded, he would save their
+lives--provided he could let the cars strike the engine, could hitch on,
+and then pull ahead before the train behind smashed into them from the
+rear. On and on flew train and engine. Slowly they drew nearer, and at
+last they bumped with a gentle jar. The fireman was on the pilot all
+ready to couple on. He dropped the pin in the coupling, and the men on
+the car gave a ringing cheer that was heard above the roar of the train;
+and the engineer opened the throttle wide, and away they dashed down the
+grade, just in time to escape the train behind.
+
+The men wanted to climb down on the engine to shake hands with the
+engineer, but he motioned them back. The danger was not over. One of the
+men stood on top of the caboose, with his back to the engine and his
+arms extended. One of the others held him up, for the cars swayed
+frightfully in the terrible pace they were going. He watched the train
+following behind, and with his hands made motions to the engineer to run
+slower and slower, till, with a crash, the two parts of the train came
+together. This feat was not so successful as the first, as the engineer
+could not see the rear cars. The engine was reversed, and the brakes put
+on, and they came to a stop--not a wheel off the metals, and not a man
+hurt. Two of the cars badly smashed, but that was all. What had
+threatened to be a fearful disaster, with a loss of men, engine, and
+cars, was only a slight splintering of two cars that the carpenters
+could repair in a day. They had a general shaking of hands alone there
+in the woods over the engineer's splendid feat; and for months it was
+told to listening men in every flag station and freight-house along the
+line how the brave and cool engineer brought his engine down the
+seventeen-mile grade.
+
+
+
+
+AN OFFICER'S DOG.
+
+BY BOB THORNBURGH.
+
+
+  FORT OMAHA, NEBRASKA, _March 2, 1880_.
+
+I am eight years old, and I have a Gordon setter--liver and white--just
+as old as I am. His name is Paul. He was born in Tennessee, and given to
+my papa as a puppy, and soon learned to be a good retriever, to carry
+newspapers and bundles, and to bring papa's slippers to him.
+
+When I was old enough to crawl, he would watch to see that I did not get
+hurt, and if I got too near a flight of steps, he would stand between me
+and them, and pull my dress to get me away. If I went to crawl under
+him, he would lie down, and over him, he would stand up, and so guarded
+me safe till my nurse came, and she often found me asleep with my head
+on Paul's back, who kept still till I waked up.
+
+At Fort Foote, Maryland, Paul became an excellent hunter, and was out
+with my papa nearly every day, bringing home plenty of quail and other
+game. He was a happy dog, taking great interest in garrison life, always
+attending retreat and tattoo with the officer of the day, and even going
+the rounds with him on his tour of inspection after midnight. No weather
+was too bad for Paul, who knew every note of the bugle, and was always
+on hand at the proper "call."
+
+When we went to Fort Brown, Texas, Paul staid behind for cooler weather;
+then he was sent around by sea from New York. He landed at Point Isabel,
+and came over by rail to Brownsville, where my papa met him early one
+morning. Paul barked a welcome at once, and was wild with joy when papa
+released him from the box in which he had travelled, and let him run
+after him out to our quarters. I was still asleep, but Paul knew I must
+be near, so he ran all over the house till he found my bed, when he
+jumped in, and lay down beside me; it woke me up, and we had a fine
+meeting, after six months' separation.
+
+When I went out to ride on my Mexican pony--General Robertson--with our
+boy Florentio, then Paul, and then Billy (my goat), we made quite a
+procession. Paul always looked so dignified, and never noticed one of
+Billy's tricks, who pranced along, butting him in the funniest way, and
+trying to attract his attention.
+
+Poor Paul's misfortunes began in Texas, where a large black dog bit him
+through the shoulder, causing a lameness that has never left him, and
+making him hate all black dogs.
+
+After I went North, Paul went with my papa all over Texas, from one fort
+to another, and always rode in his ambulance, which he would leave for
+no one but him. At one of the upper posts he once followed a
+deserter--who had fed him--and to avoid suspicion, the man put Paul down
+a deep hole, and left him. After searching some time, my papa at last
+found him; but he was almost starved, as he had had nothing to eat for
+several days.
+
+Paul next went with us to Omaha, where he suffered from the great change
+of climate, and was too lame for much hunting. He was very jealous of
+our two other dogs, Tom and Bill, and would not let them come near my
+sister, brother, or me.
+
+Then we went to Fort Steele, Wyoming, where he hunted a little, and
+played with me a great deal. The high and dry air did him good. He was
+very fond of my little brother George--our "Centennial baby," whose
+birthday was the 22d of February. When George and I got the scarlet
+fever, Paul would visit both our rooms, and look so sorry for us. After
+Georgie "fell asleep," Paul would trot off every day, alone, to the
+cemetery, and lie down by his "resting-place" awhile, then get up and
+walk home again, his mind satisfied.
+
+Paul has always been an "officer's dog," and never visited the barracks
+at any post, and will not follow soldiers, except the one who feeds him.
+He dislikes citizens, and any stranger _not_ in uniform arouses his
+suspicions at once, and he watches him closely till satisfied he is a
+friend of ours; but did he wear _uniform_, it would be all right at
+first.
+
+Paul is now at Fort Omaha on the "retired list," and valued for "the
+good he has done." He is getting as fat as a seal, and has the gout--my
+sister says the go-out. But he's a good old fellow. My grandpa takes
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE for me, and I like it so much I thought I would
+like to tell you about my dog.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT ON THE MARCH.]
+
+THE HOBBY-HORSE REGIMENT.
+
+
+When the Thirty Years' War was finally brought to a termination by the
+treaty of peace of Westphalia, which was concluded at Nuremberg in 1560,
+the authorities of that place ordered in commemoration public rejoicings
+of various kinds--banquets, balls, fire-works, etc. But among all these
+public diversions, none was more distinguished for singularity and
+originality, and perhaps childish simplicity, than the procession of
+lads and boys on sticks or hobby-horses. Thus mounted, they rode,
+regularly divided into companies, through the streets, and halted before
+the hotel of the Red Horse, where was staying the Imperial Commissioner,
+Duc D'Amali.
+
+The Duke was so pleased with the novel cavalcade that he requested a
+repetition of the same procession at an early day of the following week,
+which they performed in much larger numbers. On arriving before his
+hotel, the Duke distributed amongst them small square silver medals
+which he had in the interval caused to be struck. The coin represented
+on the obverse a boy on a hobby-horse with whip in hand, and the year
+1560 was inscribed in the centre, while the reverse represented the
+double eagle and armorial bearings of Austria, with the inscription,
+"Vivat Ferdinandus III., Rom. Imp. vivat!"
+
+
+
+
+THE LITTLE SWISS MAN.
+
+
+There was once a little Swiss man who had a mind and will of his own. He
+was one inch high, and carved out of wood by the busy people of Brienz,
+in the long cold winter season. Perhaps the bit of wood out of which he
+was cut was unusually hard, and even knotted; but certainly he had more
+character than his companions, the pretty birds perched on boxes, the
+deer and chamois supporting vases, and all the trinkets made in that
+town, where the wooden houses with projecting roofs, and balconies
+filled with flowers, on the border of Lake Brienz, are precisely like
+the tiny toy mansions in shop windows.
+
+When he was finished, the little Swiss man was very proud of himself. He
+wore gaiters, a jacket, a broad straw hat--all in wood--and carried a
+creel on his back, as if just about to climb a mountain, laden with
+butter, cheese, or wine.
+
+The contents of the workshop were scattered like a handful of leaves in
+the wind. The chamois were sent to Paris and London, the little birds on
+the boxes journeyed as far as Russia and America, with the luggage of
+travellers.
+
+"I am sure to be much admired wherever I go," said the little Swiss man,
+with a smile, which was none the less conceited because it was a wooden
+one.
+
+Soon he found himself in the window of a shop at Geneva, and he was not
+immediately bought, to his own surprise. However, he was in very good
+company, although he took upon himself to look down on his companions,
+and he only an inch high!
+
+The shop was located on the Rue du Rhone, but the small window where the
+toys were exposed opened on the rear. The river Rhone, of a beautiful
+color, as pure as ice, quitting the Lake Leman above, swept down under
+the bridges past this window, dividing the city of Geneva. Had the
+little Swiss man possessed any eyes except for his own importance, he
+would have found the view from his shelf interesting. On the right the
+Isle Rousseau was visible, where the ducks and swans live; opposite, a
+foot-bridge crossed the rushing Rhone; and below were the tall old
+houses of the island, with plants in the windows, terminating in a clock
+tower. Along the river margin the Geneva washer-women toiled all day,
+not like those of America, scrubbing at a steaming wash-tub, but under
+long sheds which appeared to float on the surface of the stream, and
+dipping their linen in the flowing water.
+
+The little Swiss man could not understand why he was not bought
+immediately. To be sure, the next shop displayed sparkling heaps of
+crystal, veined agate, and onyx, yet he found himself better than all.
+Children paused before the pane, and laughed with delight, pointing out
+different objects. Our hero took all this admiration to himself as his
+due. On the same shelf was a goose, wearing top-boots, the Ulster of a
+tourist, a bag fastened over his shoulder with a strap, and an eyeglass.
+Here were to be found also a fat little boy in India rubber, from
+Nuremberg; a beautiful pasteboard theatre, with a lady of blue paper
+advancing from a side scene; tiny Swiss houses in boxes; two
+rope-dancers hanging over their cord; balls and tops. The shelf below
+held the most tempting dishes, representing cakes and dessert, in china,
+ever placed on the table of a doll-house; wax babies rocking in cradles;
+tiny lamps; sewing-machines; miniature goats and cows.
+
+The little Swiss man observed especially a large bear of Berne, wearing
+a cotton night-cap with a red tassel, and a white shirt collar, who
+carried a hand-organ, and a good St. Bernard dog, with the flask
+suspended about his throat, ready to help the poor wanderers lost in the
+snow. Beyond was an interesting company of monkeys on a music-box, some
+playing harps, others scraping violins in obedience to the head monkey,
+who stood in the attitude of a leader of the orchestra, wearing a black
+coat with long tails. The vain little Swiss man fancied the passers-by
+paused only to admire him.
+
+Night came, and the master of the shop closed the door, placed shutters
+before the show-cases, and seated himself at his desk. The little window
+in the rear was still uncovered, and revealed the light on the desk
+where the master wrote. He heard the scratching of his pen on the paper,
+and the patter of rain-drops outside, for the night was stormy. There
+was another sound in the shop, softer than fall of the rain, and finer
+than chirp of a cricket, or humming sound of a mosquito: the toys in the
+window were talking together.
+
+"I have been here for a month, and everybody says I am too dear at five
+francs," said the goose in top-boots.
+
+"How could you expect to sell, when I am in the same window?" growled
+the bear.
+
+"What do you say?" cackled the goose, indignantly.
+
+"He is only a bear," said one of the rope-dancers, cutting a caper.
+
+"Do you know who I am?" retorted the bear, with dignity. "I am the Bear
+of Berne. You will find me on the shield of the city, and kept in a pit
+by the citizens to this day."
+
+"What is the use of boasting?" interposed the St. Bernard dog,
+pettishly. "The bears of Berne live in idleness; they walk about in a
+pit all day, or stand on their hind-legs begging for nuts. A St. Bernard
+dog is better employed, I should hope. We save the travellers in the
+snow who lose their way on the great St. Bernard mountain. If you wish
+to see the dog Barry, who saved fifteen lives, look for him in the Berne
+Museum, stuffed, and kept in a glass case."
+
+The bear was very cross at this reply. He pulled his cotton night-cap
+over his right eye, which gave him a very savage appearance, and turned
+the handle of his organ as if his life depended on it.
+
+"I am not Swiss; I am a German," said the Nuremberg fat boy, puffing out
+his India rubber cheeks.
+
+"Hear him!" cried the lady made of blue paper, on the stage of the
+little theatre--"hear the rubber boy boast of being a German, when there
+are French toys about!"
+
+At this all the little babies made of pink wax, in the cradles, laughed;
+and even the goats shook their heads, because they came from the Savoy
+side of Lake Geneva, which made them very French in their feelings.
+
+"If somebody would wind us up, we would play," said the monkeys.
+
+The little Swiss man listened.
+
+"I shall not stay in the shop window a month," he said.
+
+His neighbors looked at each other in surprise. On the wall was placed a
+card, and on it was grouped a bunch of flowers like white velvet.
+
+"See, we are above the rest of you; we are the Edelweiss," said these
+flowers. "We grow high up on the mountains, and as we can only bloom in
+such a pure air, a poet has compared us with Gratitude."
+
+At this moment something happened. A boy pressed his face against the
+pane, and stared at the toys. Crack!--a stone hit the glass, and the boy
+ran away. The wind and the rain swooped in together, upsetting the
+theatre, and knocking the dolls about. The master hastened to close the
+shutter.
+
+The little Swiss man had fallen outside.
+
+In the morning a porter passing by kicked the tiny bit of wood toward
+the parapet, and the next comer sent it spinning into the river.
+
+"Pride goes before a fall," said the St. Bernard dog.
+
+"Why did he feel so superior to the rest of us?" inquired the goose.
+
+"It was all in the grain of the wood," said the leading monkey.
+
+Below Geneva the Rhone joins the Arve, and the two rivers remain
+distinct for a long while--the Rhone like a green ribbon, and the Arve
+whitened by glacier torrents. Here a poor boy was fishing. What he
+caught was the little Swiss man, bobbing along on the stream, and he
+took this prize to the stone cottage, his home.
+
+"I am glad to be out of the water," thought our wooden hero. "All the
+same, I wish I was back in the shop window. Ah! I did not know
+gratitude, as the Edelweiss said."
+
+
+
+
+THE CANARY'S MUSIC LESSON.
+
+
+  "Now teach me your song, Canary," said Maud with the roguish eyes,
+  "And when father comes home with mother, I'll give them such a
+      surprise;
+  They'll think I am you, Canary, and wonder what set you free,
+  And nearly die a-laughing, when they find it is only me.
+  Teach me your song, Canary; I'll whistle it if I can;
+  Now open your throat, dear Tiptoe, and sing like a little man."
+
+  Tiptoe, the pretty fellow, cocked up his bright black eye,
+  As if to say, "Little mistress, it will do you no harm to try."
+  Then taking some slight refreshments, and polishing off his bill,
+  Broke into a rapture of singing that ended off with a trill;
+  And Maud, with her head bent forward, sat listening to his lay,
+  And fast as he sang, she whistled, till gathered the twilight gray.
+
+  Then she crept down to the parlor as quietly as a mouse:
+  The maids were in the kitchen, and no one else in the house.
+  And when the key in the doorway the dear little mischief heard,
+  She whistled away so sweetly, they thought it was surely the bird.
+  Hither and thither she flitted, behind the sofa and chairs;
+  Her mother cried, "Mercy, Edward! the bird! Is the cat down stairs?"
+
+  Wildly they stared around them, till, "It's me, it is me, papa!"
+  Said Maud, from her corner springing. Ah, then what a loud "Ha! ha!"
+  Rang through the room. Her father, convulsed, on the sofa sat.
+  Gravely appeared among them their sober old pussy cat.
+  Maud merrily laughed and shouted, "A cunning old cat like you--
+  To think _you_ should mistake me for a little canary too!"
+
+
+
+
+MODEL YACHT-BUILDING.
+
+A SLOOP-YACHT.
+
+
+The boat here described is a model of a sloop-yacht of about fifteen
+tons measurement, forty-four feet long, and fifteen feet beam; the
+model, on a scale of half an inch to the foot, being consequently
+twenty-two inches long, on the water-line, and seven and a half inches
+wide. The wood should be a block of clear dry pine, twenty-five inches
+long, seven and a half inches wide, and five inches thick, the sides
+being first planed square; then on one of the five-inch sides lines are
+drawn two inches apart across the block; the water-line (W L, Fig. 2) is
+drawn two inches and thirteen-sixteenths from the top at the end
+selected for the bow, and two inches and five-sixteenths at the stern;
+the stern-post (_s t_) is laid off, and the outer line of the stern
+(_t f_); and finally the curved lines _a f_ and _a v_ are drawn,
+completing what is called the sheer plan.
+
+In copying from the drawings it must be kept in mind that they are
+exactly one-fourth the full size, so that any distance taken from them
+with the dividers must be laid off four times on the block.
+
+To copy the curved lines, their distance from some line, as A B or W L,
+is measured on each of the two-inch lines, by which a number of points
+on the curve are found, and a line drawn as nearly as possible through
+all of them by means of a flexible ruler, held in place by pins.
+
+The block must now be cut away to the outline _a f t s v_, after which
+lines two inches apart are drawn on the top, the line A B drawn entirely
+around the block in the centre of the top, bottom, and ends, and Fig. 1
+drawn on top, both halves being of course the same.
+
+The block is next cut to the line _a b c d_, Fig. 1, the widest part
+being, not on deck, but along the line _c d_, as there is some "tumble
+home" from _b_ to the stern.
+
+The outline of the deck is _a b e f_, the stern being a segment of a
+circle of five inches radius.
+
+A piece of thin board must be cut of the shape of Fig. 5 (which is half
+size), which is the widest part of the boat, and is fourteen inches from
+the bow, and by using it for a guide, both sides may be cut out exactly
+alike.
+
+The stem piece, half an inch thick, and the stern-post, five-sixteenths
+of an inch, are sawed out, and tacked in place temporarily, and a wooden
+keel of the shape shown in Fig. 4 (marked "Lead Keel"), half an inch
+thick, tapering to five-sixteenths where it joins the stern-post, is
+fitted in between them.
+
+The shaping of the hull may now be completed, using a gouge, spokeshave,
+and rasp, keeping the midship section for a guide, and running the
+curved surfaces smoothly and evenly into the sides of the keel, stern,
+and stem, the latter tapering to five-sixteenths of an inch forward.
+
+The hole for the rudder-stock is next bored, one-fourth of an inch in
+diameter, and burned out with a moderately hot iron to five-sixteenths
+of an inch; then, should the stock swell when wet, it will not stick in
+the charred wood, but will still turn freely.
+
+The keel, stem, and stern are removed, to avoid injury to them, and the
+line _l m n o p_, Fig. 1, is drawn, after which the wood inside is cut
+away with a large gouge or carving tool, until it is one-fourth of an
+inch thick, care being taken to have it all an even thickness, and not
+to cut through at any point, and also to leave the wood solid around the
+rudder-hole.
+
+After the hollowing out is completed, a rabbet one-eighth of an inch
+wide and deep is cut to receive the deck, its outer line being
+_g h i k_, Fig. 1. Then a light deck beam is set in amidships, the mast
+step put in, and the inside of the hull and the bottom of the deck
+painted. The deck is of pine, one-eighth of an inch thick, and after
+being cut out should have lines scratched in with the compasses
+three-eighths of an inch from each edge to represent the water-ways, and
+parallel lines one-fourth of an inch apart scratched in to represent the
+joints of the deck plank.
+
+Now the deck is laid and tacked down, and the joints painted, and calked
+if needed, the stem and stern-post replaced permanently, and the
+bowsprit screwed to the deck and stem.
+
+The length of the bowsprit is eight and a half inches from the point
+_a_, Fig. 4, to the outer end, three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter,
+and three inches from _a_ to the inner end, where it is framed into the
+bitts, the inner end being half an inch square.
+
+A piece (_x_, Fig. 4) is next fitted on deck at the stern, forming the
+after portion of the bulwarks, which on the sides are one-eighth of an
+inch thick, flaring out at the bow, where they are nailed to the
+bowsprit, and tumbling in aft, where they are nailed to the piece _x_, a
+strip one-eighth of an inch thick (shown in Fig. 5) being first tacked
+to the deck, and the bulwarks nailed against it. Small brads should be
+used in nailing.
+
+The rail is of walnut or mahogany, one-fourth by three-thirty-secondths
+of an inch, nailed on top of the bulwarks, and running out on the
+bowsprit to a point (Fig. 3).
+
+For a sailing model a leaden keel of about two pounds is needed, a mould
+being made in plaster of Paris from the wooden pattern, and the melted
+lead poured in, after which it is smoothed with a plane. It is put on
+temporarily, and the boat, when rigged, put in the water; then enough
+may be planed off to make her trim properly, and the keel put on
+permanently.
+
+The mast is twenty-one inches from deck, where it is half an inch in
+diameter, to cap, where it is a quarter of an inch square, and the
+topmast is eleven inches long, projecting eight inches above the lower
+mast.
+
+The boom is twenty-two inches long, fitted to the mast by wire staples;
+and the gaff, fourteen inches long, has two jaws embracing the mast.
+
+All spars are of yellow pine; the rigging is of fishing-line; and the
+blocks, five-sixteenths of an inch long, and the dead-eyes, one-fourth
+of an inch in diameter, are cut out of any hard wood. The lower one of
+each pair of dead-eyes has a wire looped around it, the other end being
+turned up, and driven into the boat's side, as in Fig. 5.
+
+The upper end of each shroud has a loop spliced in, which goes over the
+mast-head, and a dead-eye is spliced into the lower end.
+
+The forestay has a loop at the top, and runs through the bowsprit,
+forming a bobstay.
+
+Davits are placed on each bow for the anchor, and two on each side for
+the boats, and a capstan stands just forward of the mast.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The sky-lights and companion way are of mahogany, and with the decks,
+spars, and rail, are varnished, the rest of the hull being painted
+black, white, or green, and that portion below the water-line being
+varnished, and dusted over with bronze powder, and when perfectly dry,
+varnished again, giving the appearance of metal sheathing.
+
+The sails are of muslin or lawn, and are laced to the boom and gaff and
+to curtain-rings on the mast, or for the jibs the common "eye" used for
+dresses makes a capital jib hank, and will slip readily up and down the
+forestay.
+
+The drawings show all the remaining details, and by following them
+carefully a handsome and able boat may be built.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE WHITE RABBITS AND THE TAR BABY.
+
+BY AGNES CARR.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+Ten little white rabbits once lived on the edge of a wood, in a snug
+little hole at the foot of a tall tree; and they were as happy as ten
+rabbits could be, for every day a good little girl, who lived just back
+of the wood, brought them their breakfast of white rolls and brown
+gingerbread; and near by there was a beautiful stream of clear, sweet
+water, where they went to drink, and which sang a merry tune to them as
+it went rippling along.
+
+But one morning when the little rabbits went for their water, they found
+the brook full of sticks and stones, and the water so muddy they could
+not drink it at all.
+
+"Who has done this?" asked Frisky, the oldest and wisest of the rabbits.
+
+"It was old Reynard the fox," said the brook; "and I am so choked up I
+can not sing."
+
+So the little rabbits set to work to clear away the dirt and rubbish,
+and did it so well that before long the brook began its gay song again,
+and the water was clear enough for them to drink.
+
+Next day, however, the stream was filled up again, and they had all the
+work to do over, until their little paws ached. So when, on the third
+morning, they found the water as muddy as ever, they all sat down on the
+bank and cried.
+
+At last Frisky jumped up and said, "It is no use to cry over muddy
+water; but we must do something to punish this old rascal of a fox, and
+make him leave our brook alone."
+
+"But what can we do?" asked his brothers and sisters.
+
+"Come with me, and I will show you."
+
+So the little rabbits followed Frisky to a pile of tar and pitch that
+some men had left; and out of it they made a black tar baby, which they
+set up on a rock close by the edge of the brook, with a piece of
+gingerbread in its mouth; and when night came, and the moon shone
+bright, they all hid behind a tree to see what would happen.
+
+Pretty soon the old fox smelled the gingerbread, and spied the baby on
+the rock.
+
+Then he came up close and said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a
+piece of your gingerbread, or I'll box your ears."
+
+The baby did not answer, so the old fox climbed up on the rock, and
+boxed her on the ear; and his paw stuck so fast he could not pull it
+away again.
+
+Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll box you on the other ear."
+
+The baby did not say a word, so he boxed her on the other ear, and his
+other paw stuck fast.
+
+Then he said, "Little girl, little girl, give me a piece of your
+gingerbread, or I'll bite off your nose." Still the baby would not
+answer, so the fox bit at her nose; and his teeth stuck tight in the
+pitch, and he was almost choked with the tar.
+
+The little rabbits then all came out and danced around the wicked old
+fox, saying, "Now you can't choke the pretty brook, for your own mouth
+is choked with tar!"
+
+At last Frisky asked, "Now what shall we do with him?"
+
+"Leave him to starve," said one. "Set fire to his tail," said another.
+And they all proposed something, except Snowflake, the youngest and
+prettiest of the family, who said nothing until Frisky turned to her and
+asked, "And what would you do?"
+
+"I should let him go," replied Snowflake, "if he would promise not to
+trouble the water again."
+
+"Snowflake is right," said Frisky; "he has been punished enough. We will
+let him go."
+
+So they first loosened his mouth, and rubbed his teeth with butter to
+take off the tar, and when he had said three times, "Hope my tail may
+drop off if I ever hurt you or the brook again," they set his paws free,
+and he scampered off, and hid himself in his den in the wood.
+
+And the little rabbits lived happy forever after.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.]
+
+
+  BUFFALO, NEW YORK.
+
+     I am a teacher in one of the public schools of this city. I take
+     HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE to school with me, and my pupils enjoy it
+     very much.
+
+     I have the oldest children in the building, and they can
+     understand all of the pieces. I read them the articles as a reward
+     for good behavior and well-learned lessons, and let them copy and
+     work out the puzzles.
+
+     It would please you to see how anxiously they wait for each new
+     issue, and how happy they are when it comes. We are reading the
+     touching story of "Biddy O'Dolan" now, and I hope it will lead
+     them to think more about these unfortunate children, and try to do
+     what they can to make the life of some one a little happier.
+     Permit me to congratulate you on the success your paper has
+     achieved both here and abroad.
+
+  A TEACHER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PINAL CITY, ARIZONA TERRITORY.
+
+     I am a little girl ten years old. I live in Arizona, where the
+     great silver mines are, and where the cactus grows forty feet
+     high. There were only three white families in this place when we
+     came, three years ago. The place was called Picket Post then,
+     because soldiers were stationed here. I have several pets.
+     Nuisance is my pet deer. She is almost two years old, and is as
+     tame as my cat. She wears a red collar, so hunters will not kill
+     her. Bub is my pet donkey. I love my Arizona pets very much, but
+     not so much as my dear pet grandma, whom we left in Chicago. When
+     papa strikes it rich, we are going home to her.
+
+  PEARL R. BROWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     I have had a great many different kinds of pets, but two that
+     amused me the most were Charley, a snow-white rabbit, and Jet, a
+     black kitten. The two were good friends, and played together, and
+     ate out of the same dish. One day bunny stole a large red rose,
+     and came running into the house with it in his mouth, and Jet at
+     his heels. The deep red of the rose, the snowy rabbit, and black
+     Jet made a picture pretty enough to paint. After a while bunny
+     became very troublesome, and ate the paper off the dining-room
+     wall as high as he could reach. Then he was sent away, and Jet
+     seemed lonely for days. Soon after he disappeared, and my pets
+     since have been birds and dogs, but none were brighter and
+     prettier than Jet and Charley.
+
+  AGGIE R. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     The alligator I told you about [Post-office No. 19] was finally
+     found in a dark corner of the cellar. It only lived two days after
+     we found it.
+
+  PUSS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ISHPEMING, MICHIGAN.
+
+     In a late number of YOUNG PEOPLE, Edwin A. H. wrote about his
+     cabinet of curiosities, and inquired if any other readers had one.
+     I would like to tell him that my brother and I each has a small
+     one.
+
+  F. B. MYERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     In answer to L. H. N.'s question in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 20, I would
+     say that the whale is dead.
+
+  JOHN R. BLAKE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
+
+     In YOUNG PEOPLE No. 18 there was a letter from Nellie R. asking
+     what to do for her parrot. In Holden's book on birds I found if
+     you feed your bird with too rich food, it causes a skin disease
+     and an itching sensation which the bird tries to relieve by
+     pulling out its feathers. The only remedy is to feed it on raw or
+     boiled carrots, or well-roasted pea-nuts.
+
+  LYDIA R. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     I would like to have you tell E. L. M., of Washington, that the
+     reason the mouse she used to feed is wild now is because mice are
+     very shy, and when they can get their supper without going in
+     danger, they will not take any foolish risk. Before E. L. M. fed
+     the little fellow, I suppose he was almost starved, and did not
+     think anything about getting hurt.
+
+  MABEL H. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ENTERPRISE, MISSISSIPPI.
+
+     I read YOUNG PEOPLE every week, and I like it very much. I am now
+     reading "Biddy O'Dolan." We have not had any snow and ice here
+     this winter, so we can not make snow images and skate, like our
+     little friends in the North. But we find other ways to amuse
+     ourselves. Our flowers are blooming very pretty. I wish I could
+     give you one of our fresh bouquets.
+
+  ADDIE CHAMBERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  OLD WESTBURY, LONG ISLAND.
+
+     This morning I made cake from Puss Hunter's recipe in YOUNG PEOPLE
+     No. 19. Mamma measured the things; but I made it all myself, and
+     it was lovely. I hope some other little girl will try it. I baked
+     it in two saucers. One cake we ate, and the other I cut in two,
+     and sent a piece to each of my grandmothers. I have a little
+     brother Sam. He is six years old, and the dearest little fellow in
+     the world. He and I have a nice dog. He is a pointer, and his name
+     is Perie. He is very handsome, but he is very naughty to cats. He
+     chases and kills them, so we can not have a kitty. I have six
+     dolls--three are French, and three are wax.
+
+  NELLIE T. WILLETS (8 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  FORT PREBLE, PORTLAND, MAINE.
+
+     I thought you might be interested to hear about some Indians who
+     were confined in the old Spanish fort at St. Augustine, Florida,
+     when I was there. They were sent from the West, as disturbers of
+     the friendly relations between us and their tribes. When they
+     first came they looked very wild and savage, with their red
+     blankets, and long black hair, of which the men were very proud:
+     but when they went away their hair was short; they wore shoes and
+     collars and neck-ties, and the United States uniform. They behaved
+     so well that they were allowed to post their own sentinels, were
+     drilled by the officer in charge of them, and made a very
+     respectable company. Many of them learned to read and write, and a
+     large number are now at school in Pennsylvania.
+
+  CAMPBELL HAMILTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  GROESBECK, OHIO.
+
+     My cousin Harry and I found some pepper-and-salt (or erigenia, as
+     my big sister calls it) on the east side of a hill in our woods on
+     the 28th of February. We also found spring-beauties and
+     pepper-root in bud. I never found wild flowers so early before.
+     Last year we found the first on the 11th of March.
+
+  HAZIE POOLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  GALLIPOLIS, OHIO.
+
+     I am seven and a half years old, and I go to school. I had a
+     canary named Sweet. It died, and I buried it under the kitchen
+     window. I take YOUNG PEOPLE, and like the Post-office best of all.
+     My cousin Lizzie made me a fire-fly out of pasteboard, and it
+     flies nicely.
+
+  HERBERT H. HENKING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  TOPEKA, KANSAS.
+
+     I am a subscriber to YOUNG PEOPLE. I think it is a very nice
+     paper. I have a little pet antelope, and we feed it out of a
+     bottle.
+
+  HENRY BLAKESLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
+
+     When I was four years old we had a young mule. The day it was born
+     my brother and I were going to see a little friend who lived near
+     us. I asked mamma if the mule could not go too, because it looked
+     very anxious to go. After that we always called it the anxious
+     mule.
+
+  WALTER H. C. (9 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ELDRED, NEW YORK, _March 10_.
+
+     The picture of a little girl pulling the Chinaman's pigtail, and
+     asking if it would ring, amused us very much, for it reminded us
+     of something that happened to my little brother. He went with papa
+     and mamma to the Centennial Exhibition. At first he was very shy
+     of the life-size groups dressed in the costumes of different
+     countries; but when he found they were not alive, he would go and
+     examine them very closely. When he visited the Chinese Department,
+     a gentleman stood there in full Chinese costume. The little fellow
+     ran up and touched his dress, thinking he was a figure like the
+     others, and was frightened almost to death when the supposed
+     figure stooped down and patted his cheek. Willow "pussies" were
+     here two weeks ago.
+
+  ELIZABETH E. BECK (10 years).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
+
+     I like YOUNG PEOPLE very much. My father is a clergyman, and he
+     says it is a good paper for boys and girls. I like to make
+     "Wiggles." I made a big pig from No. 9, but it was very crooked,
+     and looked like a calf. When I get to be a man, I will learn to
+     print newspapers, and I will put in lots of "Wiggles." I like the
+     new story, "Across the Ocean," very much.
+
+  THEO. F. JOHN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  HASTINGS, MINNESOTA.
+
+     In our school we use HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE for a reader, and we
+     all like it so much. We had a lesson to-day about "Tracking a
+     buried River." On Saturday before Washington's Birthday our
+     teacher let us have a school party. He bought candy and oranges
+     for us, and the boys and girls brought pies and cake. Some of the
+     teachers from the other schools came, and we set a table, and made
+     tea.
+
+  LUCY A. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  XENIA, OHIO, _March. 8, 1880_.
+
+     I have been to a sugar camp, and I saw how maple sugar is made.
+     When I did not want to stay in the camp, I ran over the hills, and
+     I went with the boys on the sled to gather sap, and I found some
+     pretty moss and flowers. When they made sugar, one of the boys
+     made me a little wooden ladle to eat it with.
+
+  JESSA HOOVEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  FORT CONCHO, TEXAS.
+
+     I wish that every boy and girl would read HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE,
+     for I like it very much. I like the puzzle part best of all. I
+     have read Bertie Brown's letter. I live at an army post too, but
+     there are no Indians here. We have prairie-dogs, all kinds of
+     cactus, and mesquite-trees. I have seen some big tarantulas, too.
+     I go to the post school every day. We have good times out here. I
+     am a little over ten years old.
+
+  ARTHUR W. DUNBAR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  NEW YORK CITY.
+
+     I would like to inquire if the pupils of a big school, of which I
+     am one, each send a short story, essay, poem, or a drawing to
+     YOUNG PEOPLE, if the one the editors think the best would be
+     published, with the name of the author.
+
+  B.
+
+We will publish such contributions, giving full name and address of
+author. But before being sent, the stories, poems, essays, and drawings
+must be submitted to your teacher, and only those forwarded to us which
+the teacher considers the best. We will ourselves make the final
+decision. The copy must be neatly written, and on one side of the paper
+only.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARTHUR M. M.--There will be a table of contents published at the end of
+every volume of YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HARRY S.--An answer to your question would occupy too much space in this
+department. It will, however, be made the subject of a separate article
+in some future number of YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+J. U. B.--Any taxidermist will give you the desired information.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JESSIE S.--The great Greenland whale which is found in the Northern
+Ocean has a throat so small that it can not swallow anything larger than
+a herring. Its principal food consists of a small marine mollusk, about
+an inch and a half long. It catches its dinner by rushing through the
+water with its immense jaws wide open. When its mouth is full, it ejects
+the water, while the whalebone fringe with which it is provided catches
+all the little sea-creatures, which serve as food for the monster. The
+sperm-whale has a much larger throat, and is said to be able to swallow
+a man.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHARLES H. B.--There are so many kinds of worms, snakes, and other
+little creatures which may be the architects of the holes you have
+noticed, that you had better dig open some of the little dwellings, and
+see what you can find. Dig very carefully, and send word to YOUNG
+PEOPLE'S Post-office if you discover anything curious.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BIRDIE S.--Thanks for your very kind notice, but your pretty puzzle is
+so complimentary to ourselves that we can not print it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EMMET M. L.--_The American_, your amateur paper, is very neatly printed,
+and well made up.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARIE L.--The extra number of brakes on Mount Washington steam-engines
+is to increase the safety of the descent.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Sallie Floyd reports Japan quinces in bloom at Carthage, Missouri, on
+March 7; Nellie Sands, of Lawrence, Kansas, writes that robins and
+redbirds have lived all winter in the evergreens in her garden; "Henry,"
+of Philadelphia, says the dandelions have been in bloom almost all the
+time; and Lillie Cassiday writes that it snowed hard on March 14 and 18
+in Winterset, Iowa--the only snow of the winter in that locality.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIZZIE S. S.--You can make an AEolian harp of a box of thin pine. The box
+should be the length of your window, about five inches broad, and three
+deep. Put a row of hitch pins at one end, and tuning pins at the other,
+and two narrow bridges of hard wood about two inches within the pins,
+over which to stretch the strings. Eight strings will make a good harp.
+They should be of catgut, and if you tune them in unison, the sound will
+be sweeter than if they are tuned in thirds or fifths. The tension
+should be rather slack. The ends of the box should be raised about an
+inch above the strings to support a thin pine board upon which the
+window rests. The draught of air passes over the strings stretched
+midway between the upper board and the sound-board, which should have
+two round holes cut in it. The harp will sound sweeter if placed in a
+window which is struck obliquely by the wind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Charlie Cubbery, Lizzie Brown, Blanche T. S., Grace Roberts, Lizzie
+Falconer, and M. M. Coleman write pretty stories of gold-fish, canaries,
+turtles, goats, and other pets, which we sincerely regret we have no
+room to print.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS.
+
+No. 1.
+
+ENIGMA.
+
+  My first is in swine, but not in cow.
+  My second is in quarrel, but not in row.
+  My third is in rip, but not in tear.
+  My fourth is in pretty, but not in fair.
+  My fifth is in herb, but not in root.
+  My sixth is in inch, but not in foot.
+  My seventh is in rake, but not in hoe.
+  My eighth is in yes, but not in no.
+  My whole is a precious stone.
+
+  KATIE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 2.
+
+WORD SQUARE.
+
+First, not any. Second, a part of a stove. Third, necessity. Fourth,
+extremities.
+
+  LOUISA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 3.
+
+DIAMOND PUZZLE.
+
+A consonant. A pronoun. A dwelling. Utility. A vowel.
+
+  REGINALD F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 4.
+
+DOUBLE ACROSTIC.
+
+Cunning. Something always found on board of ships. An article used in
+soap-making. A girl's name. Something good to eat. A number. The name of
+a large river. Answer--Capitals of two of the United States.
+
+  JOHNNY R. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 5.
+
+NUMERICAL CHARADE.
+
+  I am composed of 19 letters.
+  My 9, 7, 3, 5, 10 is an animal.
+  My 19, 15, 16 is a problem.
+  My 2, 4, 6 is to strike.
+  My 16, 4, 1, 10 are small animals.
+  My 8, 7, 6 is an article of kitchen furniture.
+  My 14, 18, 16, 17, 10, 11 is used in building.
+  My 12, 13, 6 is a small bed.
+  My whole is the name of an eminent navigator.
+
+  GEORGE B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+No. 6.
+
+WORD SQUARE.
+
+First, parts of the fingers. Second, a girl's name. Third, the name of a
+line of ocean steamers. Fourth, deceivers. Fifth, understanding.
+
+  HARRY VAN A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 20.
+
+No. 1.
+
+Rio do la Plata.
+
+No. 2.
+
+  C  or   D
+  O  do   R
+  W   h   Y
+  P  lai  D
+  E mbrac E
+  R  ai   N
+
+Cowper, Dryden.
+
+No. 3.
+
+Orion.
+
+No. 4.
+
+  F A L L
+    S E A T
+      T R I M
+        K E E P
+
+No. 5.
+
+  S T E P
+  T I D E
+  E D I T
+  P E T S
+
+No. 6.
+
+      A
+    A P E
+  A P P L E
+    E L I
+      E
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A Personation, on page 264--Charles the First of England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Favors are acknowledged from A. A. Gilmore, Jun., Bessie Comstock, J. A.
+Bokee, Roscoe C., Thad and Jennie V., Pearl L. M., Willie MacMahan,
+Richard Graham, H. B. N., M. H. Tod., Grace Putnam, Bessie T., L. A.
+Barry, William B. B., Louis Pomeroy, H. S. T., Mary L. B., Barton
+Scales, C. D. H., Willie Everett, Bertie Wheeler, S. M. Nelson, Nick
+O. D., Clara Commons, Maggie Zane, Mary Maxey, Edith Cragg, Abbie
+Parkhurst, Arthur Ellis, James Penner, Fannie Hartwell, Ada Hathaway,
+Arthur Jones, Beatrice Gower, Jessie Evans, Vince Applegate, Sallie
+Walton, H. A. Forster, G. C. Leiber, Beecher Stephens, L. C. M., Fred
+Anderson, Jessie Kelsey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Correct answers to puzzles are received from Herbert Parmenter, C. H.
+Gilson, H. and B., Lulu Pearce, Mary Nesmith, A. L. Bliss, A. H.
+Bechtold, C. F. Langton, "Blind Floretta," Aggie R. H., Charlie A. P.,
+Louise Gates, "Jupiter," Isabel and Marion Copeland, Johnny Glen, May
+S., John Blake, Fannie and Belle M., Gertrude H., Stella and Harry M.,
+James Smith, E. S. Robinson, F. B., Jennie S., Effie Talboys, C. Frank
+H., "Sleepy Dick," Willie Kurtz, Helen Mackay, Florence MacCulley,
+George Duncan, Fannie MacCulley, Edward Keeler, John G. M., John
+MacClintock, Stella, William Lewis, Mary Liddy, Mary Randal, Mabel
+Hatfield, Marguerite Bucknall, G. C., Charlie Rosenberg.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+
+
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.
+
+HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at
+the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_:
+
+  SINGLE COPIES                     $0.04
+  ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_       1.50
+  FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_     7.00
+
+Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it
+will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the
+Number issued after the receipt of order.
+
+Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid
+risk of loss.
+
+ADVERTISING.
+
+The extent and character of the circulation of Harper's Young People
+will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of
+approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents
+per line.
+
+  Address
+  HARPER & BROTHERS,
+  Franklin Square, N. Y.
+
+
+
+
+CANDY
+
+Send one, two, three, or five dollars for a sample box, by express, of
+the best Candies in America, put up elegantly and strictly pure. Refers
+to all Chicago. Address
+
+  C. F. GUNTHER,
+  Confectioner,
+  78 MADISON STREET, CHICAGO.
+
+
+
+
+=KEEP YOUR BIRD IN HEALTH AND SONG= by using =SINGER'S PATENT GRAVEL
+PAPER=. Sold by Druggists and Bird Dealers.
+
+=Depot, 582 Hudson St., N. Y.=
+
+
+
+
+OUR CHILDREN'S SONGS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Our Children's Songs. Illustrated. 8vo, Ornamental Cover, $1.00.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The best compilation of songs for the children that we have ever
+seen.--_New Bedford Mercury._
+
+This is a large collection of songs for the nursery, for childhood, for
+boys and for girls, and sacred songs for all. The range of subjects is a
+wide one, and the book is handsomely illustrated.--_Philadelphia
+Ledger._
+
+It contains some of the most beautiful thoughts for children that ever
+found vent in poesy, and beautiful "pictures to match."--_Chicago
+Evening Journal._
+
+An excellent anthology of juvenile poetry, covering the whole range of
+English and American literature.--_Independent_, N. Y.
+
+Songs for the nursery, songs for childhood, for girlhood, boyhood,
+and sacred songs--the whole melody of childhood and youth bound in
+one cover. Full of lovely pictures; sweet mother and baby faces;
+charming bits of scenery, and the dear old Bible story-telling
+pictures.--_Churchman_, N. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+HARPER & BROTHERS _will send the above work by mail, postage prepaid, to
+any part of the United States, on receipt of the price_.
+
+
+
+
+CHILDREN'S
+
+PICTURE-BOOKS.
+
+    Square 4to, about 300 pages each, beautifully printed on Tinted
+    Paper, embellished with many Illustrations, bound in Cloth, $1.50
+    per volume.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Sagacity of Animals.
+
+    With Sixty Illustrations by HARRISON WEIR.
+
+The Children's Bible Picture-Book.
+
+    With Eighty Illustrations, from Designs by STEINLE, OVERBECK, VEIT,
+    SCHNORR, &c.
+
+The Children's Picture Fable-Book.
+
+    Containing One Hundred and Sixty Fables. With Sixty Illustrations
+    by HARRISON WEIR.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Birds.
+
+    With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY.
+
+The Children's Picture-Book of Quadrupeds and other Mammalia.
+
+    With Sixty-one Illustrations by W. HARVEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on
+receipt of the price._
+
+
+
+
+Old Books for Young Readers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Arabian Nights' Entertainments.
+
+     The Thousand and One Nights; or, The Arabian Nights'
+     Entertainments. Translated and Arranged for Family Reading, with
+     Explanatory Notes, by E. W. LANE. 600 Illustrations by Harvey. 2
+     vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3.50.
+
+Robinson Crusoe.
+
+     The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York,
+     Mariner. By DANIEL DEFOE. With a Biographical Account of Defoe.
+     Illustrated by Adams. Complete Edition. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.
+
+The Swiss Family Robinson.
+
+     The Swiss Family Robinson; or, Adventures of a Father and Mother
+     and Four Sons on a Desert Island. Illustrated. 2 vols., 18mo,
+     Cloth, $1.50.
+
+     The Swiss Family Robinson--Continued: being a Sequel to the
+     Foregoing. 2 vols., 18mo; Cloth, $1.50.
+
+Sandford and Merton.
+
+     The History of Sandford and Merton. By THOMAS DAY. 18mo, Half
+     Bound, 75 cents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
+
+_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on
+receipt of the price._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE BOSSY PUZZLE.
+
+
+Re-arrange this picture so as to get a rustic group out of it. It is
+left to your own ingenuity to find out of what the group consists.
+
+
+
+
+HOW TO MAKE INDIANS AND MICE.
+
+BY BESSIE GUYTON.
+
+
+Figs and raisins seem very queer things to make an Indian of; but with a
+bit of wire, two figs, a handful of raisins, a few feathers, a dash of
+red and blue paint, a piece of red flannel, and two beads, a very savage
+old fellow can be produced.
+
+Take a piece of fine wire fourteen or fifteen inches long, and draw it
+through a round, plump fig, pushing the fig to the middle; bend the wire
+together, and slip one large raisin on the double wire, close to the
+fig: now we have the head and neck. Spread the wires, and put through a
+fig larger than the head, for the body; fill both wires with raisins,
+for the legs, turning up the length of one for the feet; pass a piece of
+wire three or four inches long through the upper part of the body fig,
+and string both ends with raisins, which makes the arms, with a turn on
+the ends for the hands. Stick a few feathers around the head (a duster
+can be robbed for the purpose), set black or white beads for eyes (peas
+or beans have a very startling effect when large eyes are required).
+Make use of your paint-box for mouth, nose, brows, war-paint, etc.,
+according to taste, pin a square of bright flannel about the shoulders,
+and you have an alarmingly startling likeness of a Pi-ute chief. A boy
+handy with his penknife can add a wooden tomahawk.
+
+Apple seeds can be converted into the cutest little mice imaginable by
+following these directions:
+
+With a fine needle draw black sewing silk through the pointed end of a
+good fat apple seed, and clip it short enough to appear a proper length
+for ears; then with a sharp penknife shave a narrow strip from the under
+or flat side of the seed, and turn it out at the other end for the tail.
+Now pass the needle through a white card, and through the seed near the
+tail, and again through the card, and draw down snugly to the card;
+repeat the same at the ear end, and the little chap stands on all fours,
+a very realistic mouse. Two or three tiny muslin bags, filled with
+cotton, marked, "The malt that lay in the house that Jack built," and
+sewed on one corner of the card, with half a dozen or so of these
+miniature pests headed toward it, furnish a very unique trifle, the
+making of which will give an hour's pleasure.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ANSWER TO THE PUZZLE OF THE TRAMP TRANSFORMED.
+
+The Tramp Puzzle given in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 20 is solved as follows: The
+dotted line _A B_ indicates the cut you are to make with the scissors.
+The brim of the man's hat, his pipe, and his nose will fit into the
+spaces _C_, _D_, and _E_. The other piece off the hat represents the
+sea-cow. The few lines marked _F_ represent the reflection of the
+sea-cow in the water.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Tricking Bruin.--The Laps and Finns have an idea that when they kill an
+animal it has the power of haunting them if it condescends to take that
+advantage. When therefore they have slain a bear, they surround the body
+and utter loud lamentations; expressive of the deepest regret. Presently
+one of them asks, in pitying tones, "Who killed thee, poor creature? Who
+destroyed thy beautiful life?" Another of the party replies on behalf of
+the bear, "It was the wicked Swede who lives across the mountain!" And
+there is a chorus of "What a cruel deed! What a dreadful crime!"
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: TOP-SY-TURVY--HOW WOULD YOU LIKE IT YOURSELVES, BOYS?]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, April 6, 1880, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, APR 6, 1880 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 28777.txt or 28777.zip *****
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #28777 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28777)