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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 196, July 30, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28478] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 93 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page93"></a>{93}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 196.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, July 30. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books chained to Desks in Churches: Font Inscription: Parochial + Libraries, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page93">93</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Real Signatures <i>versus</i> Pseudo-names, by the Rev. James + Graves</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page94">94</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Popular Stories of the English Peasantry, by Vincent T. + Sternberg</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page94">94</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Cecil Harbottle, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page95">95</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Epitaph and Monuments in Wingfield Church, Suffolk</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page98">98</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page99">99</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Meaning of + "Clipper"—Anathema, Maran-atha—Convocation and the + Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts—Pigs + said to see the Wind—Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page100">100</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lord William Russell</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page100">100</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Ancient Furniture—Prie-Dieu</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page101">101</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Reynolds' + Nephew—Sir Isaac Newton—Limerick, Dublin, and + Cork—Praying to the West—Mulciber—Captain Booth of + Stockport—"A saint in crape"—French Abbés—What Day + is it at our Antipodes?—"Spendthrift"—Second Growth of + Grass—The Laird of Brodie—Mrs. Tighe, Author of + "Psyche"—Bishop Ferrar—Sir Thomas de + Longueville—Quotations wanted—Symon Patrick, Bishop of + Ely: Durham: Weston: Jephson—The Heveninghams of Suffolk and + Norfolk—Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund + Mortimer, Earl of March)—Shape of Coffins—St. George + Family Pictures—Caley (John), "Ecclesiastical Survey of the + Possessions, &c. of the Bishop of St. David's," + &c.—Adamson's "Lusitania + Illustrata"—Blotting-paper—Poetical Versions of the + Fragments in Athenĉus</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page102">102</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Robert Drury</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page104">104</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Termination -by</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page105">105</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Rosicrucians, by William Bates</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page106">106</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page108">108</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Was Cook the Discoverer of the Sandwich Islands? by C. E. + Bagot</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page108">108</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Megatherium Americanum, by W. Pinkerton</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page109">109</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Stereoscopic Angles—Yellow Bottles + for Photographic Chemicals</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page109">109</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:—Earth upon + Earth, &c.—Picalyly—Mr. Justice Newton—Manners + of the Irish—Arms of the See of York—"Up, Guards, and at + 'em!"—Coleridge's Christabel: the 3rd Part—Mitigation of + Capital Punishment—The Man with the Iron Mask—Gentleman + executed for Murder of a Slave—Jahn's Jahrbuch—Character + of the Song of the Nightingale, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page110">110</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page114">114</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page114">114</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page115">115</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES: FONT INSCRIPTION: PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.</h3> + + <p>It would be interesting to have a complete list of the various books + still to be found chained to desks in our ancient churches. The "Bible of + the largest volume," the "Books of Homilies allowed by authority," and + the Book of Common Prayer, are ordered by Canon 80. to be provided for + every church. In some places this regulation is still complied with: at + Oakington, Cambridgeshire, a copy of a recent (1825) edition of the + Homilies lies on a small desk in the nave. But besides these + authoritative works, other books are found <i>chained</i> to their + ancient desks: at Impington, Cambridgeshire are, or were, "three + black-letter volumes of Fox's <i>Martyrs</i> chained to a stall in the + chancel." (Paley's <i>Ecclesiologist's Guide, &c.</i>) At St. + Nicholas, Rochester, chained to a small bracket desk at the south side of + the west door, is a copy of <i>A Collection of Cases and other Discourses + to recover Dissenters to the Church of England</i>, small 8vo., 1718. The + <i>Paraphrase</i> of Erasmus may probably be added to the list (see + Professor Blunt's <i>Sketch of the History of the Reformation</i>, 10th + edit., p. 130.), though I cannot call to mind any church in which a copy + of this work may now be found. In the noble minster church at Wimborne, + Dorsetshire, is a rather large collection of books, comprising some old + and valuable editions: all these books were, and many still are, chained + to their shelves; an iron rod runs along the front of each shelf, on + which rings attached to the chains fastened to the covers of the works + have free play; these volumes are preserved in an upper chamber on the + south side of the chancel. The parochial library at St. Margaret's, Lynn, + Norfolk, is one of considerable interest and importance; amongst other + treasures are a curious little manuscript of the New Testament very + neatly written, a (mutilated) black-letter copy of the <i>Sarum + Missal</i>, and many fine copies of the works of the Fathers, and also of + the Reformers; these are preserved in the south aisle of the chancel, + which is fitted up as a library, and are in very good order. At Margate + Church are a few volumes, of what kind my note-book does <!-- Page 94 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page94"></a>{94}</span>not inform me. I + may also mention, in connexion with St. Nicholas, Rochester, that the + font is octagonal, and inscribed with the following capital letters, the + first surmounted by a crown:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>C . R . I . * . * . * . A . N.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The large panel on each side contains one of the letters; the font is + placed close to the wall, so that the remaining letters, indicated by + asterisks, cannot now be read: the sexton said that the whole word was + supposed to be "Christian," or rather "Cristian." Beside the font is a + very quaint iron bracket-stand, painted blue and gold, "constructed to + carry" two candles.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson.</span></p> + + <p>P. S.—Permit me to correct an error of the press in my + communication at p. 8. of your present volume, col. 1. l. 10. from + bottom; for "worn," read "won."</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>REAL SIGNATURES VERSUS PSEUDO-NAMES.</h3> + + <p>It is pleasant to see so many of the correspondents of "N. & Q." + joining in the remonstrance against the anonymous system. Were one to set + about accumulating the reasons for the abandonment of pseudo-names and + initials, many of the valuable columns of this periodical might be easily + filled; such an essay it is not, however, my intention to inflict on its + readers, who by a little thought can easily do for themselves more than a + large effusion of ink on the part of any correspondent could effect. I + shall content myself with recounting the good which, in one instance, has + resulted from a knowledge of the real name and address of a + contributor.</p> + + <p>The <span class="sc">Rev. H. T. Ellacombe</span> (one of the first to + raise his voice against the use of pseudo-names) having observed in "N. + & Q." many communications evincing no ordinary acquaintance with the + national Records of Ireland, and wishing to enter into direct + communication with the writer (who merely signed himself J. F. F.), put a + Query in the "Notices to Correspondents," begging J. F. F. to communicate + his real name and address. There in all probability the matter would have + ended, as J. F. F. did not happen to take "N. & Q.," but that the + writer of these lines chanced to be aware, that under the above given + initials lurked the name of the worthy, the courteous, the erudite, and, + yet more strange still, the <i>unpaid</i> guardian of the Irish Exchequer + Records—James Frederick Ferguson,—a name which many a student + of Irish history will recognise with warm gratitude and unfeigned + respect. Now it had so happened that by a strange fortune <span + class="sc">Mr. Ellacombe</span> was the repository of information as to + the whereabouts of certain of the ancient Records of Ireland (see <span + class="sc">Mr. Ellacombe's</span> notice of the matter, Vol. viii., p. + 5.), abstracted at some former period from the "legal custody" of some + heedless keeper, and sold by a Jew to a German gentleman, and the result + of his communicating this knowledge to Mr. Ferguson, has been the latter + gentleman's "chivalrous" and successful expedition for their recovery. + The <i>English Quarterly Review</i> (not <i>Magazine</i>, as <span + class="sc">Mr. Ellacombe</span> inadvertently writes), in a forthcoming + article on the Records of Ireland, will, it is to be hoped, give the full + details of this exciting record hunt, and thus exemplify the <i>great + utility</i>, not to speak of the <i>manliness</i>, of real names and + addresses, <i>versus</i> false names and equally Will-o'-the-Wisp + initials.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kilkenny.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POPULAR STORIES OF THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. v., p. 363. &c.)</p> + + <p>Will you allow me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to say how + much obliged I should be for any communications on this subject. Since I + last addressed you (about a year ago) I have received many interesting + contributions towards my proposed collection; but not, I regret to say, + quite to the extent I had anticipated. My own researches have been + principally confined to the midland counties, and I have very little from + the north or east. Such a large field requires many gleaners, and I hope + your correspondents learned in Folklore will not be backward in lending + their aid to complete a work which Scott, Southey, and a host of + illustrious names, have considered a desideratum in our national + antiquities.</p> + + <p>I propose to divide the tales into three classes—Mythological, + Humorous, and Nurse-tales. Of the mythological I have already given + several specimens in your journal, but I will give the following, as it + illustrates another link in the transmission of <span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley's</span> Hindustani legend, which appeared in a recent Number. + It is from Northamptonshire.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>The Bogie and the Farmer.</i></p> + + <p>Once upon a time a Bogie asserted a claim to a field which had been + hitherto in the possession of a farmer; and after a great deal of + disputing, they came to an arrangement by agreeing to divide its produce + between them. At seed time, the farmer asks the Bogie what part of the + crop he will have, "tops or bottoms." "Bottoms," said the spirit: upon + which the crafty farmer sows the field with wheat, so that when harvest + arrives the corn falls to his share, while the poor Bogie is obliged to + content himself with the stubble. Next year the spirit, finding he had + made such an unfortunate selection in the bottoms, chose the tops; + whereupon cunning Hodge set the field with turnips, thus again outwitting + the simple <!-- Page 95 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page95"></a>{95}</span>claimant. Tired of this unprofitable + farming, the Bogie agrees to hazard his claims on a mowing-match, + thinking that his supernatural strength would give him an easy victory; + but before the day of meeting, the cunning earth-tiller procures a number + of iron bars which he stows among the grass to be mown by his opponent; + and when the trial commences, the unsuspecting goblin finds his progress + retarded by his scythe coming into contact with these obstacles, which he + takes to be some very hard—very hard—species of dock. "Mortal + hard docks, these," said he; "Nation hard docks!" His blunted scythe soon + brings him to a stand still, and as, in such cases, it is not allowed for + one to sharpen without the other, he turns to his antagonist, now far + ahead, and inquires, in a tone of despair, "When d'ye wiffle-waffle + (whet), mate?" "Waffle!" said the farmer, with a well-feigned stare of + amazement, "O, about noon mebby." "Then," said the despairing spirit, + "That thief of a Christian has done me;" and so saying, he disappeared + and was never heard of more.</p> + + <p>Under <i>Nurse-tales</i>, I include the extremely puerile stories of + the nursery, often (as in the German ones) interlaced with rhymes. The + following, from the banks of the Avon, sounds like an echo from a German + story-book.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Little Elly.</i></p> + + <p>In the old time, a certain good king laid all the ghosts, and hanged + all the witches and wizards save one, who fell into a bad way, and kept a + school in a small village. One day Little Elly looked through a + chink-hole, and saw him eating man's flesh and drinking man's blood; but + Little Elly kept it all to herself, and went to school as before. And + when school was over the Ogee fixed his eyes upon her, and + said—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"All go home but Elly,</p> + <p>And Elly come to me."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And when they were gone he said, "What did you see me eat, Elly?"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O something did I see,</p> + <p>But nothing will I tell,</p> + <p>Unto my dying day."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And so he pulled off her shoes, and whipped her till she bled (this + repeated three days); and the third day he took her up, and put her into + a rose-bush, where the rain rained, and the snow snowed, and the hail + hailed, and the wind blew upon her all night. Quickly her tiny spirit + crept out of her tiny body and hovered round the bed of her parents, + where it sung in mournful voice for evermore—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Dark, weary, and cold am I,</p> + <p>Little knoweth Gammie where am I."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Of the Humorous stories I have already given a specimen in Vol. v., p. + 363.</p> + + <p>Any notes of legends, or suggestions of any kind, forwarded to my + address as below, will be thankfully received and acknowledged.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Vincent T. Sternberg.</span></p> + + <p class="address">15. Store Street, Bedford Square.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>The old Corrector on "The Winter's Tale."</i>—I am glad to + find that you have another correspondent, and a very able one too, under + the signature of A. E. B., who takes the same view of "Aristotle's + checks" as I have done; though I think he might have paid me the + compliment of <i>just</i> noticing my prior remonstrance on this subject. + It is to be lamented, that <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> should + have hurried out his new edition of Shakspeare, adopting all the sweeping + <i>emendations</i> of his newly-found commentator, without paying the + slightest heed to any of the suggestions which have been offered to him + in a friendly spirit, or affording time for the farther objections which + are continually pouring in. At the risk of probably wearying some of your + readers, I cannot forbear submitting to you a few more remarks; but I + shall confine them on this occasion to one play, <i>The Winter's + Tale</i>: which contains, perhaps, as many poetical beauties as any + single work of our great dramatic bard. With reference to the passage + quoted in p. 437., I can hardly believe that Shakspeare ever wrote such a + poor unmeaning line as—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . they are false as <i>dead blacks</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>nor can I perceive any possible objection to the original words "o'er + dyed blacks." They may either mean false mourners, putting an <i>over</i> + dark semblance of grief; or they may allude figuratively to the material + of mourning, the colours of which if <i>over-dyed</i> will not stand. In + either of these senses, the passage is poetical; but there is nothing + like poetry in "<i>our dead blacks</i>."</p> + + <p>In p. 450. the alteration of the word "and" to "heaven" may be right, + though it is difficult to conceive how the one can have been mistaken for + the other. At all events, the sense is improved by the change; but I do + not see that anything is gained by the substitution in the next line of + "dream" for "theme." Whatever the king said in his ravings about + Hermione, might as aptly be called part of his "theme" as part of his + "dream." The subject of his <i>dream</i> was in fact his + <i>theme</i>!</p> + + <p>Neither can I discover any good reason for changing, in p. 452.,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . and one may drink, depart,</p> + <p>And yet partake no venom,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>into "drink a part." The context clearly shows the author's meaning to + have been, that if any one <i>departed</i> at once after tasting of the + beverage, he would have no knowledge of what he had drunk; <!-- Page 96 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page96"></a>{96}</span>but if he + remained, some one present might point out to him the spider in the cup, + and <i>then</i> "he cracks his gorge," &c.</p> + + <p>In p. 460. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> says that the passage, + "dangerous, unsafe lunes i' the king," is mere tautology, and + <i>therefore</i> he follows the old corrector in substituting "<i>unsane + lunes</i>." Now it strikes me that there is quite as much + <i>tautology</i> in "<i>unsane lunes</i>" as in the double epithet, + "dangerous, unsafe." It is, in fact, equivalent to "insane madness;" and, + moreover, drags in quite needlessly a very unusual and uncouth word.</p> + + <p>In p. 481. we have the last word of the following passage—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I never saw a vessel of like sorrow,</p> + <p>So fill'd and so becoming,"—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>converted into "<i>o'er-running</i>." This may possibly be the correct + reading; but, seeing that it is immediately followed by the + words—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . in pure white robes,</p> + <p>Like very sanctity,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I question whether "becoming" is not the more natural expression.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There weep—and leave it crying,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is made—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There <i>wend</i>—and leave it crying,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>which I submit is decidedly wrong. I will not be hypercritical, or I + might suggest that in that case the words would have been "<i>thither</i> + wend;" but I maintain that the change is contrary to the <i>sense</i>. + The spirit of Hermione never could have been intended to say that the + <i>child</i> should be left <i>crying</i>. She would rather wish that it + might <i>not cry</i>! The meaning, as it seems to me, is, that Antigonus + should <i>weep</i> over the babe, and leave it while so + <i>weeping</i>.</p> + + <p>In p. 487. the words "missingly noted" are altered to "<i>musingly</i> + noted," which is a very questionable improvement. Camillo, <i>missing</i> + Florigel from court, would naturally <i>note</i> his absence; and he may + have <i>mused</i> over the causes of it, but there could be no necessity + for <i>musing</i> to note the fact of his absence: and I cannot help + thinking that the word <i>missingly</i> is more in Shakspeare's + style.</p> + + <p>I cannot subscribe at all to the alteration in p. 492. of the word + "unrolled" to "enrolled." To be enrolled <i>and placed</i> in the book of + virtue is very like tautology; but I conceive Shakspeare meant Autolycus + to wish that his name might be <i>unrolled</i> from the company of + thieves and gypsies with whom he was associated, and transferred to the + book of virtue.</p> + + <p>I am entirely at issue with the old corrector upon his + <i>emendation</i> in p. 498.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . Nothing she does or <i>seems</i>,</p> + <p>But smacks of something greater than herself;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>he says, ought to be: "Nothing she does or <i>says</i>." And how does + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> explain this misprint? Why, by + stating that formerly "says" was often written "saies." Now, I cannot for + the life of me discover why the word "saies" should have been mistaken + for "seems," any more than the word "says." But surely the phrase, + "nothing she does or seems," is far more poetical and elegant than the + other. It says in effect: there is nothing either in her acts or her + carriage, "but smacks of something greater than herself." We have + positive evidence, however, that the passage could not have been "nothing + she does or says," viz. that this speech of Polixenes immediately follows + a long dialogue between Florizel and Perdita, which could not have been + overheard, because Camillo directly afterwards says to the king:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . He tells her something,</p> + <p>That makes her blood look out."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Thereby clearly proving, that the king could not have been remarking + on what <i>she said</i>.</p> + + <p>The transformation of the last-mentioned line into—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That <i>wakes</i> her blood—look out!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>cannot, I think, be justified on any ground. He tells her something + which "makes her blood look out." That is, something which makes her + blush rush to the surface to look out upon it! What can be more natural? + The proposed alteration is not only unnecessary, but awkward!</p> + + <p>In p. 499., if the words "unbraided wares" must be altered, I see no + reason for the change to "<i>embroided</i>" wares. It seems to me that + <i>embraided</i> would be the most proper word.</p> + + <p>What possible reason can there be for converting "force and + knowledge," in p. 506., to "sense and knowledge?" If I may be excused a + play upon the words, I should say the <i>sense</i> of the passage is not + at all improved, and the <i>force</i> is entirely lost.</p> + + <p>I must protest most decidedly against the correction of the following + lines, p. 507.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . Can he speak? hear?</p> + <p>Know man from man? dispute his own estate?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Dispute his own estate means, <i>defend</i> his property, dispute with + any one who questions his rights. The original passage expresses the + sense quite perfectly, while "dispose his own estate" appears to me poor + and insipid in comparison.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> objection to the speech of + Camillo, in p. 514.,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . it shall be so my care</p> + <p>To have you royally appointed, as if</p> + <p>The scene you play were mine;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>is, that to make the scene appear as if it were Camillo's, could be of + no service to the young prince. Now Camillo says nothing about the scene + <i>appearing</i> as his. He says he will have the prince royally + appointed, as if the scene he played <i>were</i> really his own: that is, + as if <i>he</i> were the party interested in it, instead of the prince. + <!-- Page 97 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page97"></a>{97}</span></p> + + <p>The reading of the old corrector—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . . As if</p> + <p>The scene you play were true,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>would be nonsense; because, so far as the prince appearing to be + Bohemia's son (which was what he was most anxious about), the scene to be + played was <i>really true</i>!</p> + + <p>The last correction I have now to notice is in the soliloquy of + Autolycus in p. 522.: where <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> proposes + to read, "who knows how that may turn <i>luck</i> to my advantage," + instead of "may turn <i>back</i> to my advantage." I see no advantage in + the change, but the very reverse. "Who knows but my availing myself of + the means to do the prince my master a service, may come back to me in + the shape of some advancement?" This seems to me to be the author's + meaning, and it is legitimately expressed. How frequently it has been + said that an evil deed recoils upon the head of the perpetrator! Then why + not a good deed <i>turn back</i> to reward the doer?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cecil Harbottle.</span></p> + + <p>P. S.—It is rather singular that A. E. B., who, as I have + already shown, has so completely <i>shelved</i> me in his remarks upon + "Aristotle's checks," should now complain of the very same thing himself, + and say that his "humble auxilia have been coolly appropriated, without + the slightest acknowledgment." However, as our opinions coincide upon the + passage in question, I am not disposed to pick a quarrel with him. I + cannot, however, at all concur in his alteration of the passage in + <i>King Lear</i>: "Our means secure us," to "Our means <i>recuse</i> us." + I will certainly leave him "in the quiet possession of whatever merit is + due to this <i>restoration</i>," or rather this invention! Can A. E. B. + show any other instance in which Shakspeare has used the verb + <i>recuse</i>; or will he point out any other author who has adopted it + in the sense referred to? Johnson calls it a "juridical word:" and I + certainly have no recollection of having met with it, except in judicial + proceedings.</p> + + <p>I can neither subscribe to the emendation of A. E. B., nor to that of + the old commentator, but infinitely prefer the original words, which + appear to me perfectly intelligible. The sense, as it strikes me, is, + that however we may desire things which we have not, the <i>means</i> we + already possess are sufficient for our security; and even our + <i>defects</i> prove serviceable. Blindness, for instance, will make a + man more careful of himself; and then the other faculties he enjoys will + secure him from harm.</p> + + <p><i>"King Lear," Act IV. Sc. 1.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Our means secure us, and our mere defects</p> + <p>Prove our commodities."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I should not object to your correspondent A. E. B.'s conjectural + emendation, "recuse" for "secure," but that, unless my memory and + Ayscough are both deceptive, the word "recuse" is nowhere to be found in + Shakspeare; nor, as far as I know, in any dramatist of the age. If it be + used by any of the latter, it is probably only in the strict legal + meaning, which is quite different from that which A. E. B. would attach + to it. This is conclusive with me; for I hold that there is no sounder + canon in Shakspearian criticism than never to introduce by conjecture a + word of which the poet does not himself elsewhere make use, or which is + not at least strongly sanctioned by contemporary employment.</p> + + <p>I therefore, as the passage is flat nonsense, return to the + well-abused "corrector's" much modester emendation, "wants" for + "means."</p> + + <p>And now permit one word in defence of this deceased and untoward + personage.</p> + + <p>I think much of the unpopularity into which he has fallen with a + certain class of critics, is owing to their not allowing him fair + play.</p> + + <p>Suppose a MS. placed in our hands, containing, beyond all doubt, what + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> corrected second folio is alleged + to contain, authoritative emendations of the text: what should we, <i>à + priori</i>, expect to find in it?</p> + + <p>That text is abominably corrupt beyond a doubt; it contains many + impossible readings, which must be misprints or otherwise erroneous; it + contains also many improbable readings, harsh, strained, mean, + inadequate, and the like.</p> + + <p>Now it is excessively unlikely that a truly corrected copy, could we + find one, would remove all the impossible readings, and leave all the + improbable ones.</p> + + <p>It is still more unlikely that, in correcting the improbable passages, + it would leave those to which Mr. A., or Mr. B., or Mr. C., ay, or all of + us together, have formed an attachment from habit, predilection, or + prejudice of some kind. Such phrases as "the blanket of the dark," "a man + that hath had losses," "unthread the rude eye of rebellion," and many + more, have become consecrated in our eyes by habit; they have assumed, as + it were, the character of additions to our ordinary vocabulary; and yet I + think sound reason itself, and that kind of secondary reason or instinct + which long familiarity with critical pursuits gives us, combine to + suggest that, <i>occurring in a corrupt text</i>, they are probably + corruptions; and corruptions in lieu of some very common and even prosaic + phrases, such as the corrector substitutes for them, and such as no + conjectural critic would venture on.</p> + + <p>In short, the kind of disappointment which many of these corrections + unavoidably give to the reader, is with me an argument in favour of their + genuineness, not against it.</p> + + <p>And, lastly, in so very corrupt a text, it is <i>à priori</i> probable + that many phrases which appear to need no correction at all, are + misprints or <!-- Page 98 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page98"></a>{98}</span>mistakes nevertheless. It is probably that + the true text of the poet contained many variations utterly unimportant, + as well as others of importance, from the printed one. Now here it is + precisely, that we find in the corrector what we should anticipate, and + what it is difficult to account for on any theory disparaging his + authority. What could have induced him to make such substitutions as + <i>swift</i> for "sweet," <i>then</i> for "there," <i>all arose</i> for + "are arose," <i>solemn</i> for "sorry," <i>fortune</i> for "nature," to + quote from a single play, the <i>Comedy of Errors</i>, which happens to + lie before me,—none of them necessary emendations, most of them + trivial, unless he had under his eye some original containing those + variations, to which he wished his own copy to conform? It is surely wild + guessing to attribute corrections like these to a mere wanton itch for + altering the text; and yet no other alternative is suggested by the + corrector's enemies.</p> + + <p>I am myself as yet a sceptic in the matter, being very little disposed + to hasty credulity on such occasions, especially where there is a + possibility of deceit. But I must say that the doctrine of probabilities + seems to me to furnish strong arguments in the corrector's favour; and + that the attacks of professed Shakspearian critics on him, both in and + out of "N. & Q.," have hitherto rather tended to raise him in my + estimation.</p> + + <p class="author">H. M.</p> + + <p><i>Aristotle's Checks v. Aristotle's Ethics.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Only, good master, while we do admire</p> + <p>This virtue, and this moral discipline,</p> + <p>Let's be no stoicks, nor no stocks, I pray;</p> + <p>Or so devote to Aristotle's <i>checks</i>,</p> + <p>As Ovid be an outcast quite abjur'd."</p> + <p class="i4"><i>Taming of the Shrew</i>, Act I. Sc. 1.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The following are instances of the use of the substantive <i>check</i> + by Shakspeare:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Orlando.</i> A man that had a wife with such a wit, might + say,—'Wit whither wilt?'<br /> + "<i>Rosalind.</i> Nay, you might keep that <i>check</i> for it, till you + met your wife's wit going to your neighbour's bed."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Falstaff.</i> I never knew yet, but rebuke and <i>check</i> was + the reward of valour."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Antony.</i> This is a soldier's kiss; rebukable,</p> + <p>And worthy shameful <i>check</i> it were to stand</p> + <p>On more mechanic compliment."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Belarius.</i> . . . O, this life</p> + <p>Is nobler, than attending for a <i>check</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Iago.</i> However, this may gall him with some <i>check</i>.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Desdemona.</i> And yet his trespass, in our common reason</p> + <p> . . . . is not almost a fault</p> + <p>To incur a private <i>check</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>These instances may show that the word in question was a favourite + expression of the poet. It is true there was a translation of the Ethics + of Aristotle in his time, <i>The </i>Ethiques<i> of Aristotle</i>. If he + spelt it <i>ethiques</i>, no printer would have blundered and substituted + <i>checks</i>.</p> + + <p>Judge Blackstone suggested <i>ethicks</i>, but Johnson and Steevens + kept to <i>checks</i>. And Johnson, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, <i>sub + voce</i> Devote, quotes the passage, but which, by a strange printer's + misreading, is referred to "<i>Tim.</i> of Ath." instead of <i>Tam. of + Sh.</i> in Todd's edit. of <i>Johnson's Dictionary</i> (1818).</p> + + <p class="author">W. N.</p> + + <p class="address">Pall Mall.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>EPITAPH AND MONUMENTS IN WINGFIELD CHURCH, SUFFOLK.</h3> + + <p>I am not aware if the following epitaph has yet appeared in print; but + I can safely assert that it really has a sepulchral origin; unlike those + whose doubtful character causes them to be placed by your correspondent + <span class="sc">Mr. Shirley Hibberd</span> among the "gigantic + gooseberries" ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 190.). I copied it myself + from a gravestone in the churchyard of the village of Wingfield, Suffolk. + After the name, &c. of the deceased is the following verse:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pope boldly says (some think the maxim odd),</p> + <p>'An honest man's the noblest work of God;'</p> + <p>If Pope's assertion be from error clear,</p> + <p>The noblest work of God lies buried here."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Wingfield Church itself is an interesting old place, but has been a + good deal mauled in times past; and the brasses, of which there were once + several, are all gone. It is, I believe, a good deal noted for a parvise, + or room over the porch, from which, by an opening in the wall, a view of + the altar is obtained. There are two or three piscinas in different parts + of the church, and a sedilla near the altar. The most interesting objects + are, however, three altar tombs, with recumbent figures of the Earls of + Suffolk; the earliest, which is of wood, representing either the first or + second peer of the family, with his spouse. The next in date is that of + the celebrated noble who figures in Shakspeare's <i>Henry VI.</i> The + monument is, if I recollect right, of alabaster. The figure is attired in + complete armour, and was originally painted; a good deal of the colour + still remaining. This and the following monument are partly let into the + wall, and are surmounted by beautiful Gothic canopies. The third is, I + believe, also of alabaster, and is the effigy of (I think) the nephew of + Margaret of Anjou's earl, and who lies by the side of his wife, one of + Edward IV.'s family.</p> + + <p>It is very likely that all I have been writing is no news to any one. + In that case I have but to ask your pardon for troubling you with such a + worthless Note.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pictor.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 99 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page99"></a>{99}</span></p> + +<h3>ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS OF MALTA.</h3> + + <p>In searching through the manuscripts now filed away in the Record + Office of this island with Dr. Villa, who has charge of them, and for + whose assistance in my search I am greatly indebted, I have been + gratified by seeing several original letters, addressed by different + monarchs of England to the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John of + Jerusalem. Each of the royal letters in the following list bears the + signature of the writer:</p> + +<table class="allbctr" summary="Royal letters." title="Royal letters."> +<tr><td class="allb" align="center"> Writer. </td><td class="allb" align="center"> Date. </td><td class="allb" align="center"> In what language<br />written. </td><td class="allb" align="center"> To whom addressed, or by<br />whom received. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Henry VIII. </td><td class="rightbsing"> 8th January, 1523 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Latin </td><td class="rightbsing"> Villiers de L'Isle Adam. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1st August, 1524 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 14th January, 1526 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 10th day, 1526 (month omitted) </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 22nd November, 1530 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 17th November, 1534 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Charles II. </td><td class="rightbsing"> 17th January, 1667-8 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Nicholas Cotoner. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 29th April, 1668 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 26th January, 1675-6 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Last day of November, 1674 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 21st June, 1675 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> James II. </td><td class="rightbsing"> 13th July, 1689 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> French </td><td class="rightbsing"> Gregory Carafa. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Anne </td><td class="rightbsing"> 8th July, 1713 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Raymond Perellos de Roccaful.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> George I.* </td><td class="rightbsing"> 24th August, 1722 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Latin </td><td class="rightbsing"> Anthony Manoel de Villena. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> James (the Pretender) </td><td class="rightbsing"> 14th September, 1725 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> French </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> George II. </td><td class="rightbsing"> 19th June, 1741 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Latin </td><td class="rightbsing"> Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 8th December, 1748 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> 6th November, 1756 </td><td class="rightbsing" align="center"> Ditto </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto. </td></tr> +</table> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>* The letter of George I. is countersigned "Carteret;" those of George + II. by "Harrington," "H. Fox," and "Bedford." None of the other letters + in the above list bear any signature but that of the king or queen who + wrote them. Among the letters of Henry VIII., addressed to Villiers de + L'Isle Adam, there is one of much interest. I refer to that of the + earliest date, in which his majesty strongly recommended the Grand Master + to accept of Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, and the islands of Malta + and Gozo, as a residence for the convent, which Charles V. had offered + him. The importance of Malta as a military station was known in England + three hundred years ago. L'Isle Adam (with the exception of La Valetta), + the most distinguished of all the Maltese Grand Masters, died on the 21st + of August, 1534. The last letter of Henry VIII., addressed to him, came + to his successor, Nicholas Cotoner. On the mantle which covered the + remains of this great man these few words were inscribed,—"Here + lies Virtue triumphant over Misfortune."]</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Intending in a short time to examine these royal letters more closely, + and hoping to refer to them again in "N.& Q.," I refrain from writing + more at length on the present occasion.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">La Valetta, Malta.</p> + + <p>P.S.—Perhaps the following chronological table, referring to the + Maltese Grand Masters who are mentioned in the above Note, may not be + uninteresting to the readers of "N. & Q.":</p> + +<table class="allbctr" summary="Maltese Grand Masters." title="Maltese Grand Masters."> +<tr><td class="allb" align="center"> Name. </td><td class="allb" align="center"> When elected. </td><td class="allb" align="center"> When deceased at Malta.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Villiers de L'Isle Adam </td><td class="rightbsing"> At Rhodes, 1521 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1534, 21st of August. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Nicholas Cotoner </td><td class="rightbsing"> At Malta, 1663 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1680. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Gregory Carafa </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto 1680 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1690. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Raymond Perellos </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto 1697 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1720. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Anthony Manoel de Villena </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto 1722 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1736. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca </td><td class="rightbsing"> Ditto 1741 </td><td class="rightbsing"> 1773. </td></tr> +</table> + + <p> </p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 100 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page100"></a>{100}</span></p> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Meaning of "Clipper."</i>—I have more than once been asked + the meaning and derivation of the term <i>clipper</i>, which has been so + much in vogue for some years past. It is now quite a nautical term, at + least among the fresh-water sailors: and we find it most frequently + applied to yachts, steamers, fast-sailing merchant vessels, &c. And + in addition to the colloquial use of the word, so common in praising the + appearance or qualities of a vessel, it has become one quite recognised + in the official description given of their ships by merchants, &c. + Thus we often see an advertisement headed "the well-known clipper ship," + "the noted clipper bark," and so forth. This use of the word, however, + and its application to <i>vessels</i>, is somewhat wide of the + original.</p> + + <p>The word in former times meant merely a hackney, or horse adapted for + the road. The owners of such animals naturally valued them in proportion + to their capabilities for such service, among which great speed in + trotting was considered one of the chief: fast trotting horses were + eagerly sought after, and trials of speed became the fashion. A horse + then, which was pre-eminent in this particular, was termed a + <i>clipper</i>, <i>i.e.</i> a <i>hackney, par excellence</i>.</p> + + <p>The original of the term is perhaps the following: <i>Klepper-lehn</i> + was a feudal tenure, so termed among the old Germans, where the yearly + due from the vassal to the lord was a <i>klepper</i>, or, in its stead, + so many bushels of oats: and the word <i>klepper</i>, or <i>kleopper</i>, + is explained by Haltaus. <i>Glos. Germ. Med. Ĉvi</i>, 1758:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Equus qui corripit gradum, et gressus duplicat. Nomen habet a celeri + correptorum passuum sonitu."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Anathema, Maran-atha.</i>—Perhaps the following observation + on these words may be as instructive to some of the readers of "N. & + Q." as it was to me. Maran-atha means "The Lord cometh," and is used + apparently by St. Paul as a kind of motto: compare <span title="ho kurios engus" class="grk" + >ὁ κύριος + εγγύς</span>, Phil. iv. 5. The Greek + word has become blended with the Hebrew phrase, and the compound used as + a formula of execration. (See Conybeare and Howson's <i>Life and Epistles + of St. Paul</i>, p. 64., note 4.)</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J.</p> + + <p><i>Convocation and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in + Foreign Parts.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When the committee I have mentioned was appointed, March 13, 1700, to + consider what might be done towards <i>propagating the Christian Religion + as professed in the Church of England in our Foreign Plantations</i>; and + the committee, composed of very venerable and experienced men, well + suited for such an inquiry, had sat several times at St. Paul's, and made + some progress in the business referred to them, a charter was presently + procured to place the consideration of that matter in other hands, where + it now remains, and will, we hope, produce excellent fruits. But whatever + they are, they must be acknowledged to have sprung from the overtures to + that purpose first made by the lower house of Convocation."—<i>Some + Proceedings in the Convocation of 1705 faithfully represented</i>, p. 10. + of Preface.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Pigs said to see the Wind.</i>—In <i>Hudibras</i>, + Independant says to Presbyter:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"You stole from the beggars all your tones,</p> + <p>And gifted mortifying groans;</p> + <p>Had lights when better eyes were blind,</p> + <p><i>As pigs are said to see the wind</i>."—Pt. 3. c. ii. l. 1105.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>That most delightful of editors, Dr. Zachary Grey, with all his + multifarious learning, leaves us here in the lurch for once with a simple + reference to "Hudibras at Court," <i>Posthumous Works</i>, p. 213.</p> + + <p>Is this phrase merely an hyperbolic way of saying that pigs are very + sharp-sighted, or is it an actual piece of folk-lore expressing a belief + that pies have the privilege of seeing "the viewless wind?" I am inclined + to take the latter view. Under the head of "Superstitions," in Hone's + <i>Year-Book</i> for Feb. 29, 1831, we find:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Among common sayings at present are these, <i>that pigs can see the + wind</i>," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The version I have always heard of it is—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pigs can see the wind 'tis said,</p> + <p>And it seemeth to them <i>red</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p> + + <p><i>Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester.</i>—Looking through some + of the Commonwealth journals, I met with a capital <i>mot</i> of this + spirited little Stuart.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is reported that the titular Duke of Gloucester, being informed + that the Dutch fleet was about the Isle of Wight, he was asked to which + side he stood most addicted. The young man, apprehending that his + livelihood depended on the parliament, and that it might be an art to + circumvent him, turning to the governor, demanded of him how he did + construe 'Quamdiu se bene gesserit.'"—<i>Weekly + Intelligencer.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Speriend.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL.</h3> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents inform me where the virtuous and + patriotic William Lord Russell was buried? It is singular that neither + Burnet, who attended him to the scaffold, nor his descendant Lord John + Russell in writing his life, nor Collins's <i>Peerage</i>, nor the + accounts and letters of his admirable widow, make any allusion to his + <!-- Page 101 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page101"></a>{101}</span>remains. At last I found, in the <i>State + Trials</i>, vol. ix. p. 684., that after the executioner had held up the + head to the people, "Mr. Sheriff ordered his Lordship's friends or + servants to take the body and dispose of it as they pleased, being given + them by His Majesty's favour." Probably, therefore, it was buried at + Cheneys; but it is worth a Query to ascertain the fact.</p> + + <p>My attention was drawn to this omission by the discovery of the + decapitated man found at Nuneham Regis ("N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. + 386.), and from observing that the then proprietor of the place appears + to have been half-sister to Lady Russell, viz. daughter of the fourth + Lord Southampton, by his second wife Frances, heiress of the Leighs, + Lords Dunsmore, and the last of whom was created Earl of Chichester. But + a little inquiry satisfied me this could not have been Lord Russell's + body; among other reasons, because it was very improbable he should be + interred at Nuneham, and because the incognito body had a peaked beard, + whereas the prints from the picture at Woburn represent Lord Russell, + according to the fashion of the time, without a beard.</p> + + <p>But who then was the decapitated man? He was evidently an offender of + consequence, from his having been beheaded, and from the careful + embalming and the three coffins in which his remains were inclosed. The + only conjecture I see hazarded in your pages is that of <span + class="sc">Mr. Hesleden</span> (Vol. vi., p. 488.), who suggests + Monmouth; but he has overlooked the fact stated in the original + communication of L. M. M. R., that Nuneham only came into the possession + of the Buccleuch family through the Montagues, <i>i.e.</i> by the + marriage of Henry, third Duke of Buccleuch, to Lady Elizabeth Montagu; + the present proprietor, Lord John Scott, being their grandson. This + marriage took place in 1767, or eighty-two years after Monmouth's + execution, and thirty-three years after the death of his widow, the + Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth, who is supposed to have caused the + body to be removed from Tower Hill.</p> + + <p>Notwithstanding the failure of heirs male in three noble families + within the century, viz. the Leighs, the Wriothesleys, and the Montagus, + the present proprietor is their direct descendant, and there are + indications in the letter referred to, that the place of interment of his + ancestors, as well as of this singular unknown, will no longer be + abandoned to be a depository of farm rubbish.</p> + + <p class="author">W. L. M.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ANCIENT FURNITURE—PRIE-DIEU.</h3> + + <p>Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." will be able to give me + some information as to the use of an ancient piece of furniture which I + have met with. At Codrington, a small village in Gloucestershire, in the + old house once the residence of the family of that name, now a + farm-house, they show you in the hall a piece of furniture which was + brought there from the chapel when that part of the building was turned + into a dairy. It is a cupboard, forming the upper part of a five-sided + structure, which has a base projecting equally with the top, which itself + hangs over a hollow between the cupboard and the base, and is finished + off with pendants below the cupboard. The panel which forms the door of + the cupboard is wider than the sides. All the panels are carved with + sacred emblems; the vine, the instruments of the Passion, the five + wounds, the crucifix, the Virgin and child, and a shield, with an oak + tree with acorns, surmounted by the papal tiara and the keys. The + dimensions are as follows:</p> + + <p>Depth from front to back, 2 feet 4½ inches.</p> + + <p>Height, 4 feet 8 inches.</p> + + <p>Height of cupboard from slab to pendants, 2 feet 6 inches.</p> + + <p>Height of base, 9½ inches.</p> + + <p>Width of side panels, 1 foot 8 inches; of centre panel, 1 foot 10½ + inches.</p> + + <p>Width of the door of the cupboard, 1 foot 5 inches.</p> + + <p>The door has carved upon it a scene representing two men, one an old + man sitting upon a chair, the other a young one falling back from a + stool; a table separates them and in the next compartment (for an arcade + runs through the group) a female figure clasps her hands, as if in + astonishment. This I can hardly understand. But the panel with the papal + ensigns I think may throw some light on the use of the whole. In the year + 1429, John Codrington of Codrington obtained a bull from Pope Martin V. + to have a portable altar in his house, to have mass celebrated when and + where he pleased. I find that such a portable altar ought to have "a + suitable frame of wood whereon to set it." Such altars are frequently + mentioned, though I believe very few remain; but I never could hear of + the existence of anything to show what the frame would be. It occurs to + me as possible that this piece of furniture may have been used for the + purpose. The whole question of portable altars is an interesting one, and + if this account should by the means of "N. & Q." fall into the hands + of any one who is acquainted with the subject, I hope he would consider + it worth a communication.</p> + + <p>For some time I was at a loss for another instance; however, I have + just received from a friend, who took interest in the subject, a sketch + of something almost identical from the disused chapel at Chillon in the + Canton Vaud. Of this I have not the measurements, but it stands about + breast-high. It is there called a "prie-dieu," and is said to have + belonged to the Dukes of Savoy, but the size is very unusual for such a + use. I send sketches of each of the subjects of my Query, <!-- Page 102 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page102"></a>{102}</span>and hope that, + if this should be thought worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," some one + will be able and willing to afford some information about them. I would + add as a farther Query, the question of the meaning of the battle-axe and + pansy, which appear on the "prie-dieu" at Chillon. Is it a known badge of + the Savoy family?</p> + + <p class="author">R. H. C.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Reynolds' Nephew.</i>—In the Correspondence of David Garrick, + vol. i. pp. 664. 658., 4to., 1831, there are letters of Sir Joshua + Reynolds regarding a play written by his nephew. Can you tell me whether + this was the Rev. Mr. Palmer, minister of the Temple Church, and who was + afterwards Dean of Gashel; or had Sir Joshua any other nephew? The + letters are dated 1774, and the author appears to have been resident in + London about that time.</p> + + <p class="author">A. Z.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Isaac Newton.</i>—Which is the passage in Newton's + <i>Optics</i> to which Flamsteed refers, in his account of the + altercation between them, as having given occasion to some of the enemies + of the former to tax him with Atheism? and is there any evidence, besides + what this passage may afford, in favour of Dr. Johnson's assertion, that + Newton <i>set out</i> as an infidel? (Boswell, July 28, 1763.) The + <i>Optics</i> were not published till 1704, but had been composed many + years previously.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + + <p><i>Limerick, Dublin, and Cork.</i>—Can any of your Irish or + other correspondents inform me to whom we are indebted for the + lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Limerick was, Dublin is, and Cork shall be,</p> + <p>The finest city of the three"?</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Also, in what respect Limerick was formerly superior to Dublin?</p> + + <p class="author">N.</p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Praying to the West.</i>—A friend of mine told me that a + Highland woman in Strathconan, wishing to say that her mother-in-law + prayed for my friend daily, said: "She holds up her hands to the + <i>West</i> for you every day." If to the <i>East</i> it would have been + more intelligible; but why to the West?</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R.</p> + + <p><i>Mulciber.</i>—Who was Mulciber, immortalised (!) in Garth's + <i>Dispensary</i> (ed. 1699, p. 65.) as "the Mayor Bromicham?" My copy + contains on the fly-leaf a MS. key to all the names save this.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p> + + <p><i>Captain Booth of Stockport</i> (Vol. vi., p. 340.).—As yet, + no reply to this Query has been elicited; but as it is a subject of some + interest to both Lancashire and Cheshire men, I should like to ascertain + from <span class="sc">Jaytee</span> in what collection he met with the + MS. copy of Captain Booth's <i>Ordinary of Arms</i>? Its existence does + not appear to have been known to any of our Cheshire or Lancashire + historians; for in none of their works do I find any mention of such an + individual as Capt. Booth of Stockport. Sir Peter Leycester, in his + <i>Antiquities of Bucklow Hundred</i>, Cheshire, repeatedly acknowledges + the assistance rendered him by John Booth of Twanbow's <i>Book of + Pedigrees</i>; but this gentleman appears merely to have collected for + Cheshire, and not for Lancashire. Sir George Booth, afterwards Lord + Delamere, is the only <i>Captain</i> Booth I have met with in my limited + sphere of historical research; and I am not aware that he ever indulged + much in genealogical study.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Chester.</p> + + <p>"<i>A saint in crape.</i>"—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"A saint in crepe is twice a saint in lawn."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Whence this line?</p> + + <p class="author">W. T. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Hong Kong.</p> + + <p><i>French Abbés.</i>—What was the precise ecclesiastical and + social <i>status</i> of a French Abbé before the Revolution?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>What Day is it at our Antipodes?</i>—Perhaps you can give me + a satisfactory answer to the following question, a reply to which I have + not yet been able to procure.</p> + + <p>I write this at 11 p.m. on Tuesday, July 12; at our Antipodes it is, + of course, 11 a.m.: but is it 11 a.m. on Tuesday, July 12, or on + Wednesday, July 13? And whichever it is, what is the reason for its being + so? for it seems to me that the solution of the question must be + perfectly arbitrary.</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p>"<i>Spendthrift.</i>"—In Lord John Russell's <i>Memorials of + Charles James Fox</i>, vol. i. p. 43., there is a letter addressed to Mr. + Richard Fitzpatrick, in which Mr. Fox asks "if he was in England when + Lord Carlisle's <i>Spendthrift</i> came out." And at the foot of the same + page there is a note in which it is stated that this "was probably some + periodical paper of 1767."</p> + + <p>My object in writing the above is for the purpose of asking what + publication the <i>Spendthrift</i> really was, and where it can be + purchased or seen?</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Second Growth of Grass.</i>—The second growth of grass is + known by different names in different localities. In some it is called + <i>fog</i>, in others <i>after-math</i> and <i>after-grass</i>. The + former name is common about Uxbridge, and the latter about Stoke Pogis, + in Buckinghamshire. In Hertfordshire it is <!-- Page 103 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page103"></a>{103}</span>called + <i>hugga-mabuff</i>; I am not certain that this is the correct spelling + of the name, never having seen it either in writing or print. In + Leicestershire and Cambridgeshire the name <i>eddish</i> prevails, I am + told, and hence <i>eddish cheese</i>, made from the milk of cows which + have grazed <i>eddish</i>. Can any of your correspondents add to the + above names, or throw a light upon their origin?</p> + + <p class="author">R. W. F.</p> + + <p class="address">Bath.</p> + + <p><i>The Laird of Brodie.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + explain what James V. of Scotland means in his celebrated ballad when he + says:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I thocht you were a gentleman,</p> + <p>At least the Laird of Brodie."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>According to the literal meaning, it would seem that the Laird of + Brodie was something less than a gentleman? Could his majesty intend to + satirise the alleged royal descent of Brodie from Bruidhie, the son of + Billi, king of the Picts (see James' <i>Critical Essay</i>), by + insinuating that the "Picts" and their descendants were not entitled to + be ranked as "Generosi?"</p> + + <p class="author">I. H. B.</p> + + <p><i>Mrs. Tighe, Author of "Psyche."</i>—There is a monument in + Inistioge churchyard, co. Kilkenny, to the memory of the authoress of + that beautiful poem <i>Psyche</i>, Mrs. Mary Tighe, with a statue of her, + said to be by Flaxman, which statement, as to its being from the chisel + of that celebrated sculptor, I have seen contradicted. She was the + daughter of the Rev. W. Blackford, and married Mr. Henry Tighe of + Woodstock, Ireland, in 1793. The inscription, which, I believe, is in + existence, was not added to the monument in 1845. Can any of your + correspondents favour me with a copy of it? and was the statue by + Flaxman? Is there any authentic memoir of this delightful poetess? When + did her husband Mr. Tighe die? He is said to have survived his lady, who + died in 1810, but a short time; and that he was the author of a + <i>History of the County of Kilkenny</i>. I believe it was on visiting + the churchyard of Inistioge that Mrs. Hemans wrote "The Grave of a + Poetess." She is said to have been very beautiful. Is there any other + engraved portrait of her in existence beside the one annexed to the + several editions of her poems? Any particulars relating to this lady or + her husband will be esteemed by</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. B. Whitborne.</span></p> + + <p><i>Bishop Ferrar.</i>—Was the Bishop Ferrar (or Farrar), the + martyr who suffered during the reign of Mary, of the same family as + Ferrers (or Ferrars) earl of Derby and Nottingham, in the reign of Henry + III.?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Constant Reader.</span></p> + + <p><i>Sir Thomas de Longueville.</i>—In the year 1753, a Sir Thomas + de Longueville, baronet, was a lieutenant in his Majesty's fleet, and his + commission bore date 3rd June, 1719. I should be glad if any of your + correspondents could inform me if he was a descendant of the De + Longueville, the second <i>Fides Achates</i> of Scotland's "ill-requited + chief." The real Sir Thomas de Longueville reposes in the churchyard of + Bourtie, in the county of Aberdeen. Bourtie is a parish fraught with + historic recollections. On the hill of Barra, within a mile of the parish + church, Bruce at once and for ever put a period to the sway and power of + the Cuming. I should be glad to learn if any of the descendants of the + <i>Lieutenant</i> Longueville still survive, and if he was any descendant + of the favorite "De Longueville" of the olden time.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abredonensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Quotations wanted.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(1.) "Never ending, still beginning."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(2.) "Chew the bitter cud of disappointment."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Whence?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p><i>Symon Patrick, Bishop of + Ely—Durham—Weston—Jephson.</i>—In a small + autobiography of Symon Patrick, the bishop's wife is stated to have been + <i>Penelope Jephson</i>, grandchild of Lady Durham of Borstall. Can any + of your readers inform me who this Lady Durham was?</p> + + <p>Penelope Jephson was daughter of Sir Cornelius (?) Jephson, I suppose + of Mallow in Ireland.</p> + + <p>One of Bishop Patrick's granddaughters, Penelope, married Edward + Weston, Under-Secretary of State, of Corkenhatch (Herts?). Query, Who was + he, and are there any descendants of this marriage?</p> + + <p class="author">K. G.</p> + + <p><i>The Heveninghams of Suffolk and Norfolk.</i>—This ancient + family traces its pedigree through twenty-five knights in succession to + Galtir Heveninghame, who lived when Canute was king of England, ann. + 1020. (See Harleian MSS. 1449. fol. 91 b.; and Southey's <i>Doctor</i>, + &c.)</p> + + <p>From one of those knights, Sir John Hevenyngham (ob. 1536), descended + a collateral branch, represented by Walter Heveningham of Pipe Hall and + Aston estates, Staffordshire (1562), who married Annela, daughter of + Fitzherbert the Judge. His eldest son was Nicholas, who married Eliza, + daughter of Sir John Beevor; and the eldest son of the last-named was Sir + Walter Heveningham (1612, ob. 1691).</p> + + <p>Now I should feel greatly obliged to any of your readers if, from any + of the published or written documents relating to the county of Stafford, + or from any other source, they could favour me with answers to the + following Queries:</p> + + <p>1. Whom did Sir Walter Heveningham marry? His second son married the + widow of Sir Edward Simeon, Bart.; but</p> + + <p>2. What was the name of Sir Walter's eldest son, and whom did he + marry? The issue of this <!-- Page 104 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page104"></a>{104}</span>latter marriage was Charles Heveningham of + Lichfield (ob. 1782), who married a daughter of Robinson of Appleby, and + John Heveningham.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Chip of the Old Block.</span></p> + + <p><i>Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of + March).</i>—Upon what authority does Miss Strickland say (<i>Lives + of the Queens of England</i>, vol. iv. p. 300.) that it is stated "by all + ancient heralds" that this lady died without issue? What herald can say + this without bastardising the second Earl of Northumberland? This + assertion is a very sweeping one, and I have sought in vain for the + statement said to be made by all heralds.</p> + + <p class="author">G.</p> + + <p><i>Shape of Coffins.</i>—It would be interesting to ascertain in + what localities any peculiar form of coffin is used?</p> + + <p>In Devonshire, particularly among the farmers and poorer classes, the + <i>ridged</i> coffin is very general, the end being gabled. The top, + instead of being flat with one board, is made of two boards, like the + double roof of a house; in other respects the shape is of the common + form. The idea is, that such coffins resist much longer the weight of the + superincumbent earth; but there can be no doubt that it is a very ancient + shape. Many years ago I heard that in some parish in this county the + coffin was shaped like a flat-bottomed boat; the boat shape is known to + have been an old form.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Clyst St. George.</p> + + <p><i>St. George Family Pictures.</i>—In Gough's <i>Sepulchral + Monuments</i>, vol. iii. p. 77., it is mentioned, with reference to the + estate of Hatley St. George, in county of Cambridge, that, at the sale of + the house in 1782, "The family pictures were removed to Mr. Pearce's + house at Cople, Bedford." Can any one tell me if the family pictures here + spoken of were those of the St. George family (which inhabited the house + for six hundred years); and if so, what has become of them?</p> + + <p class="author">R. A. S. O.</p> + + <p class="address">Ceylon, June 11, 1853.</p> + + <p><i>Caley (John), "Ecclesiastical Survey of the Possessions, &c. of + the Bishop of St. David's," 8vo. 1812.</i>—The above is said, in a + bookseller's catalogue, to be privately printed. It is unknown to the + bishop of the diocese and Mr. Black. Can any of your readers give any + information about it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Martin.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Froxfield.</p> + + <p><i>Adamson's "Lusitania Illustrata."</i>—Is there any prospect + of Mr. Adamson continuing his <i>Lusitania Illustrata</i>? Could that + accomplished Portuguese student kindly inform me if there is any better + insight into Portuguese literature than that contained in Bouterweck's + <i>Geschichte der Poesie und Beredsamkeit</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">W. M. M.</p> + + <p><i>Blotting-paper.</i>—When did blotting-paper first come into + use. Carlyle, in his <i>Life of Cromwell</i>, twice repeats that it was + not known in those days. Is not this a mistake? I have a piece which I am + able to refer to 1670.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Speriend.</span></p> + + <p><i>Poetical Versions of the Fragments in Athenĉus.</i>—Can any + of your correspondents inform me of the locus of any of these, in + addition to <i>Blackwood</i>, xxxvi., and <i>Fraser's Magazine</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>ROBERT DRURY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. v., p. 533.; Vol. vii., p. 485.)</p> + + <p>Under the conviction that Robert Drury was a real character, and his + <i>Madagascar</i> a true narrative of his shipwreck, sufferings, and + captivity, I crave your permission to give a few additional reasons why I + think he should be discharged from the fictitious, and admitted into the + catalogue of real and <i>bonâ fide</i> English travellers.</p> + + <p>I have before stated that Drury did not skulk in the background when + he published his book in 1727; but, on the contrary, invited the public + to Tom's Coffee-house, where he engaged to satisfy the incredulous, and + resolve the doubting. By the 3rd edition of <i>Madagascar</i>, 1743, it + farther appears that he continued "for some years before his death" to + resort to the above-named house; "at which place several inquisitive + gentlemen received from his own mouth the confirmation of those + particulars which seemed dubious, or carried with them the air of + romance." The period was certainly unpropitious for any but a writer of + fiction, and Drury seems to have anticipated no higher rank for his + <i>Treatise</i>, in point of authenticity, than that occupied by the + several members of the Robinson Crusoe school. He, however, positively + affirms it to be "a plain honest narrative of the matter of fact;" which + is endorsed in the following terms by "Capt. William Mackett:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This is to certify, that Robert Drury, fifteen years a slave in + Madagascar, now living in London, was redeemed from thence and brought + into England, his native country, by myself. I esteem him an honest + industrious man, of good reputation, and do firmly believe that the + account he gives of his strange and surprising adventures is genuine and + authentic."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mackett was a commander in the E. I. Comp. service; and the condenser + of Drury's MSS., after showing the opportunities the Captain had of + assuring himself upon the points he certifies to, characterises him as a + well-known person, of the highest integrity and honour: a man, indeed, as + unlikely to be imposed upon, as to be guilty of lending himself to + others, to carry out a deception upon the public. <!-- Page 105 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page105"></a>{105}</span></p> + + <p>Mr. Burton, in his lately published "Narratives," points out another + source of information regarding Drury, in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1769, + where will be found an account of W. Benbow; in this, allusion is made to + his brother John Benbow, who was wrecked with Drury in the "Degrave" + Indiaman, on Madagascar. W. D., who communicates the information to <span + class="sc">Sylvanus Urban</span>, asserts that he recollects hearing the + MS. Journal of this John Benbow read; and that it afforded to his mind a + strong confirmation of the truthfulness of Drury's <i>Madagascar</i>. He + adds the following curious particulars anent our subject:—"Robin + Drury," he says, "among those who knew him (and he was known to many, + being <i>a porter at the East India House</i>), had the character of a + downright honest man, without any appearance of fraud or imposture. He + was known to a friend of mine (now living), who frequently called upon + him at his house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, which were not then enclosed. + He tells me he has often seen him throw a javelin there, and strike a + small mark at a surprising distance. It is a pity," he adds, "that this + work of Drury's is not better known, and a new edition published<a + name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> (it having been + long out of print); as it contains much more particular and authentic + accounts of that large and barbarous island, than any yet given; and, + though it is true, it is in many respects as entertaining as Gulliver or + Crusoe."</p> + + <p>It may farther be mentioned that the French, who have a good + acquaintance with Madagascar, "have found Drury's statement of the + geography, the natural history, the manners of the people, and the + conspicuous men of the time, in Madagascar, remarkably accurate." + (<i>Bib. Gén. des Voyages</i>, Paris, 1808.) Archdeacon Wrangham says: + "Duncombe (?) calls Drury's <i>Madagascar</i> the best and most genuine + account ever given of the island;" and the missionary Ellis quoted Drury + without the slightest suspicion that any doubt hangs over the genuineness + of his narrative. Drury's account of himself runs thus:—"I, Robert + Drury," he says, when commencing his book, "was born on July 24, 1687, in + Crutched Friars, London, where my father then lived; but soon after + removed to the Old Jury, near Cheapside, where he was well known, and + esteemed for keeping that noted house called 'The King's Head,' or + otherwise distinguished by the name of the Beef-stake House; and to which + there was all my father's time a great resort of merchants, and gentlemen + of the best rank and character." To this famous resort of the + Revolutionary and Augustan ages I lately betook myself for <i>my + stake</i>, in the hope that <i>mine host</i> might be found redolent of + the traditional glory of his house. But alas! that worthy, although + firmly believing in the antiquity of the King's Head, and of there being + <i>some book</i> in existence that would prove it, could not say of his + own knowledge whether the king originally complimented by his predecessor + was Harry the Eighth or George the Fourth!</p> + + <p>In conclusion, I would just add, is not the circumstance of our + subject holding the humble post of porter at the East India House + confirmatory of that part of his story which represents him as one of the + crew of Hon. Company's ship "Degrave," whose wreck upon Madagascar I take + to be an undoubted fact? What so probable as this recognition, in a small + provision for a man in his old age, whose misfortunes commenced while in + their service? Finally, to me the whole narrative of Robert Drury seems + so probable, and so well vouched for, that I have given in my adhesion + thereto by removing him to a <i>higher shelf</i> in my library than that + occupied by such apocryphal persons as Crusoe, Quarle, Boyle, Falconer, + and a host of the like.</p> + + <p class="author">J. O.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The editions of <i>Madagascar</i> known to me are those of 1727, 1731, + and 1743, by the original publisher, Meadows, Hull, 1807, and London, + 1826.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE TERMINATION -BY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 536.)</p> + + <p>I would suggest a doubt, whether the suffix <i>-by</i>, in the names + of places, affords us any satisfactory evidence, <i>per se</i>, of their + exclusively Danish origin. This termination is of no unfrequent + occurrence in districts, both in this country and elsewhere, to which the + Danes, <i>properly so called</i>, were either utter strangers, or wherein + they at no time established any permanent footing. The truth is, there + seems to be a fallacy in this Danish theory, in so far as it rests upon + the testimony of language; for, upon investigation, we generally find + that the word or phrase adduced in its support was one recognised, not in + any single territory alone, but throughout the whole of Scandinavia, + whose different tribes, amid some trifling variations of dialect, which + can now be scarcely ascertained, were all of them as readily intelligible + to one another as are, at this day, the inhabitants of two adjoining + English counties. If this were so, it appears that, in the case before + us, nothing can be proved from the existence of the expression, beyond + the fact of its <i>Norse</i> origin; and our reasonable and natural + course is, if we would arrive at its true signification, to refer at once + to the parent tongue of the Scandinavian nations, spoken in common, and + during a long-continued period, amid the snows of distant Iceland, on the + mountains of Norway, the plains of Denmark, and in the forests of + Sweden.</p> + + <p>This ancient and widely-diffused language was the Icelandic, Norman, + or Dönsk tunga,—that in which were written the Eddas and Skálda, + the <!-- Page 106 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page106"></a>{106}</span>Njála and Heimskringla. In it we have the + suffix <i>by</i>, under the forms of the verbs <i>ek bŭ</i>, <i>ek + bió</i>, or <i>at búa</i>, and <i>ek byggi</i> or <i>byggia</i>, manere, + habitare, incolere, struere, edificare; also the nouns <i>bú</i> + (Ang.-Sax. <i>bŭ</i>, Dan. <i>bo</i>, <i>by</i>), domus, habitaculum; and + <i>búi</i>, incola, colonus, vicinus; closely assimilated expressions all + of them, in which the roots are found of our English words <i>bide</i>, + <i>abide</i>, <i>be</i>, <i>by</i> (denoting proximity), <i>build</i>, + <i>borough</i>, <i>bury</i> (Edmondsbury), <i>barrow</i>, <i>byre</i>, + <i>bower</i>, <i>abode</i>, <i>&c.</i> Now, these explanations + undoubtedly confirm the interpretation assigned by <span class="sc">Mr. + E. S. Taylor</span> to his terminating syllable; and it is probable + enough that the villages to which he refers received their titles from + the Danes, who, we know, on the subjugation of its former inhabitants, + possessed themselves of the country in which they are situated. This, + however, is a begging the question; for, resting simply on the evidence + of the suffix, it is equally probable that these places preserved the + names assigned to them by their former northern colonists. But our + <i>bŭ</i> or <i>búa</i>, Ang.-Sax. <i>bugan</i> and <i>beón</i>, and the + Germ. (ich) <i>bin</i> and <i>bauen</i>, have all been referred by + learned philologists to the Greek <span title="phuô" class="grk" + >φύω</span>, or to <span title="bioô" class="grk" + >βιόω</span>, or to <span title="pauô, pauomai" class="grk" + >παύω, + παύομαι</span>; and the word has + affinities scattered throughout numerous languages (there are the + Camb.-Brit. <i>bydio</i>, habitare, and <i>byw</i>, vivere, for + instance), so that we are surrounded by difficulties, if we attempt to + establish from its use any such point as that involved in your + correspondent's Query.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowgill.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE ROSICRUCIANS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 619.)</p> + + <p>When Pope, in dedicating his <i>Rape of the Lock</i> to Mrs. Arabella + Fermor, was desirous of putting within the reach of that lady the + information which <span class="sc">Mr. E. S. Taylor</span> has sought + through your pages, he wrote:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The <i>Rosicrucians</i> are a people that I must bring you acquainted + with. The best account of them I know is in a French book called <i>Le + Compte de Gabalis</i>, which, both in its title and size, is so like a + novel, that many of the fair sex have read it for one by + mistake."—<i>Dedicatory Letter to the Rape of the Lock.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This celebrated work was written by the Abbé Montfaucon de Villars, + and published in 1670. "C'est une partie (says Voltaire, <i>Siècle de + Louis XIV.</i>) de l'ancienne mythologie des Perses. L'auteur fut tué en + 1675 d'un coup de pistolet. On dit que les sylphes l'avaient assassiné + pour avoir révélé leurs mystères." In 1680, an English translation + appeared (<i>penes me</i>), entitled:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Count of Gabalis; or the Extravagant Mysteries of the Cabalists, + exposed in Five Pleasant Discourses on the Secret Sciences. Done into + English by P. A. (Peter Ayres), Gent., with short Animadversions. London + printed for B. M., printer to the Royal Society of the Sages at the Signe + of the Rosy Crusian."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The original French work went through several editions: my own copy + bears the imprint of <i>Amsterdam</i>, 1715, and has appended to it <i>La + Suite du Compte de Gabalis, ou Entretiens sur les Sciences secrètes, + touchant la nouvelle Philosophie</i>," &c.</p> + + <p>So much in deference to Pope,—whose only object, however, was to + make Mrs. Fermor acquainted with so much of Rosicrucianism as was + necessary to the comprehension of the machinery of his poem. <span + class="sc">Mr. E. S. Taylor</span> must go farther afield if he is + desirous of "earning the <i>vere adeptus</i>," and becoming, like + Butler's <i>Ralpho</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>For <span class="sc">Mystic Learning</span> wondrous able,</p> + <p>In magic <i>Talisman</i> and <i>Cabal</i>,</p> + <p>Whose primitive tradition reaches</p> + <p>As far as <span class="sc">Adam's</span> first green breeches;</p> + <p>Deep-sighted in <span class="sc">Intelligences</span>,</p> + <p><span class="sc">Ideas, Atoms, Influences</span>;</p> + <p>And much of <span class="sc">Terra-Incognita</span>,</p> + <p>Th' intelligible world could say;</p> + <p>A deep <span class="sc">Occult Philosopher</span>,</p> + <p>As learned as the wild Irish are,</p> + <p>Or <span class="sc">Sir Agrippa</span>; for profound</p> + <p>And solid lying much renowned.</p> + <p>He <span class="sc">Anthroposophus</span> and <span class="sc">Fludd</span>,</p> + <p>And <span class="sc">Jacob Behmen</span> understood;</p> + <p>Knew many an amulet and charm,</p> + <p>That would do neither good nor harm;</p> + <p>In <span class="sc">Rosy-Crucian</span> lore as learned</p> + <p>As he that <i>vere adeptus</i> earned."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Hudibras</i>, Part i. Canto 1.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>These lines enumerate, in a scarcely satirical form, the objects and + results of a study of <i>Rosicrucianism</i>, in so far as it differs from + that of alchemy and the occult sciences. The history of the + <i>Rosicrucians</i>,—or rather the inquiry as to whether actually + existed at any time such a college or brotherhood, and, if so, to what + degree of antiquity can it lay claim,—forms another and, perhaps, + somewhat more profitable subject of attention. This question, however, + having been fully discussed elsewhere, I will conclude by a <i>catalogue + raisonné</i> of such books and essays (the most important of which are + readily obtainable) as will enable your correspondent to acquire for + himself the information he seeks.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Allgemeine und General Reformation der ganzen weiten Welt, beneben der + Fama Fraternitatis, oder Enstehung der Brüderschaft des löblichen Ordens + des <i>Rosenkreutzes</i>, &c. 8vo. Cassel, 1614. [Ascribed to John + Valentine Andrea. In this pamphlet occurs the <i>first</i> mention of the + society; no allusion being made to it in the works of Bacon, Paracelsus, + Agrippa, &c. It was republished at Frankfort in 1617 under a somewhat + different title. Appended to it is a tract entitled "Sendbrieff, oder + Bericht an Alle welche von den <i>neuen</i> Brüderschafft des Ordens von + <i>Rosen-Creutz</i> genannt etwas gelesen," &c. This work contains a + full account of the origin and tenets of the brotherhood, <!-- Page 107 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page107"></a>{107}</span>and is the + source whence modern writers have drawn their information. It called into + existence a host of pamphlets for and against the very existence and + tenets of the society.]</p> + + <p>Histoire de la Philosophie Hermétique, accompagnée d'un Catalogue + raisonné des Ecrivains de cette Science, par l'Abbé Lenglet du Fresnoy. 3 + vols. 12mo. Paris, 1742.</p> + + <p>Theomagia, or the Temple of Wisdom, containing the Occult Powers of + the Angels of Astromancy in the Telesmatical Sculpture of the Persians + and Ĉgyptians; the knowledge of the <i>Rosie-Crucian</i> Physick, and the + Miraculous in Nature, &c., by John Heydon. 8vo. 1664. [The works of + this enthusiast are extremely curious and rare. He is also the author of + the following.]</p> + + <p>The Wiseman's Crowne, or the Glory of the <i>Rosie-Cross</i>, &c.; + with the Regie Lucis, and Holy Household of <i>Rosie-Crucian</i> + Philosophers. 8vo. 1664.</p> + + <p>Elhavarevna, or the English Physitian's Tutor in the Astrabolismes of + Mettals <i>Rosie-Crucian</i>, Miraculous Sapphiric Medicines of the Sun + and Moon, &c., all Harmoniously United, and Operated by Astromancy + and Geomancy, in so Easie a Method that a Fine Lady may practise and + compleat Incredible, Extraordinary Telesmes (and read her Gallant's + devices without disturbing her fancy), and cure all Diseases in Yong and + Old, whereunto is added Psonthonphancia, &c. 8vo. 1665.</p> + + <p>Dictionnaire Infernal; ou Répertoire des Etres, Apparitions de la + Magique, des Sciences occultes, Impostures, &c., par Collin de + Plancy. 8vo. Paris, 1844.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>To render this list more complete, a great number may be added, the + titles of which will be found in the following essays, from which much + information on the subject will be gained:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>New Curiosities of Literature. By George Soane, B.A. 2 vols. 8vo. + London, 1849. [In vol. ii. p. 135. is an able and interesting essay + entitled "<i>Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry</i>," in which the author, + with considerable success, endeavours to show that <i>Rosicrucianism</i> + had no existence before the sixteenth century, and is a mere elaboration + of Paracelsian doctrines: and that <i>Freemasonry</i> is nothing more + than an offspring from it, and has, consequently, no claim to the + antiquity of which it boasts.]</p> + + <p>Swift's Tale of a Tub. [In Section X. of this wonderful book will be + found a caustic piece of satire on the futility of the <i>Rosicrucian</i> + philosophy.]</p> + + <p>Butler's Hudibras. [Grey's notes to part I., <i>passim.</i>]</p> + + <p>Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. By Charles Mackay, LL.D. 2 + vols. 8vo. [In the section devoted to the <i>Alchymists</i>, is a + carefully compiled account of the <i>Rosicrucians</i>.]</p> + + <p>Chambers's Papers for the People, No. 33., vol. v., "Secret Societies + of the Middle Ages."</p> + + <p>Idem, No. 66., "Alchemy and the Alchemists."</p> + + <p>The Guardian, No. 166.</p> + + <p>The Spectator, No. 574.</p> + + <p>Idem, No. 379. [This number contains Budgell's <i>Legend of the + Sepulchre of Rosicrucius</i>.]</p> + + <p>The Rosicrucian: a Novel. 3 vols. 8vo.</p> + + <p>Zanoni. By Sir E. L. Bulwer.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After the slumber of a century, with new objects and regulations, + <i>Rosicrucianism</i> (so to speak) was revived in the country of its + birth.</p> + + <p>A very curious volume was published fifty years ago, entitled + <i>Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of + Europe, carried on in the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati, and + Reading Societies</i>, by John Robinson, A.M., &c., 8vo., London, + 1798. This volume is chiefly occupied by a history of the origin, + proceedings, and objects of the <i>Illuminati</i>, a sect which had + rendered important services to revolutionary interests, and laid the + foundations of European propagandism. Much curious matter relative to + this sect will also be found in George Sand's <i>Comtesse de + Rudolstadt</i>, vol. ii.; upon, or just before, its extinction, a new + political association was formed at Baden and Carlsruhe, under the + auspices of Baron van Edelsheim, police minister of the Elector, under + the title of <i>Die Rosenkrietzer</i>. This society was called into + existence by a reactionary dread of that republicanism in politics, and + atheism in morals, which seemed at that time to prey upon the vitals of + European society. The society soon spread, and had its affiliations in + various parts of Germany, giving such uneasiness to Buonaparte, to the + accomplishment of whose projects it exercised an adverse influence, that + he despatched a secret messenger for the purpose of obtaining information + as to its projects and developments. He did everything in his power to + destroy the association, which, however, survived, until his murder of + Palm, the bookseller, for publishing the <i>Geist der Zeit</i>, seeming + to call for a new and modified association, led to its extinction, and + the creation of a new secret society, the celebrated <i>Tungen-Bund</i>, + in its place.</p> + + <p>It will be seen that in the foregoing I have confined myself to that + part of your correspondent's Query which relates to "the Brethren of the + Rosy-Cross." I have not ventured to allude to the Alchymists, or the + writings of Paracelsus, his predecessors and followers, which form a + library, and demand a catalogue for their mere enumeration. If <span + class="sc">Mr. E. S. Taylor</span>, however, is desirous of farther + information, and will favour me with his address, I shall be happy to + assist his researches in Hermetic philosophy to the extent of my + ability.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Bates.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p>The Society of Rosicrucians, or Rosecroix (whom Collier calls a sect + of mountebanks), first started into existence in Germany in the + seventeenth century. They laid claim to the possession of divers secrets, + among which the philosopher's stone was the least. They never dared to + appear publicly, and styled themselves <i>The Invisible</i>. <!-- Page + 108 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page108"></a>{108}</span></p> + + <p>In 1622 they put forth the following advertisement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We, deputed by our College, the principal of the brethren of the + Rosicrucians, to make our visible and invisible abode in this city, + through the grace of the Most High; towards whom are turned the hearts of + the just: we teach without books or notes, and speak the languages of the + countries wherever we are, to draw men like ourselves from the error of + death."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The Illuminati of Spain were a branch of this sect. In 1615 one John + Bringeret printed a work in Germany containing two treatises, entitled + <i>The Manifesto and Confession of Faith of the Fraternity of the + Rosicrucians in Germany</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 554. Vol. vii., p. 633.)</p> + + <p>My note-book contains a considerable number of inscriptions on bells; + some extracted from books, but others transcribed from the bells + themselves. I send you a few of the most remarkable inscriptions, with + one or two notes on the subject.</p> + + <p>Chesterton, Cambridgeshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">1.</span> + <p class="hg3">"God save the Church."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">2.</span> + <p class="hg3">"Non sono animabus mortuorum, sed viventium."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>S. Benet's, Cambridge (see Le-Keux' <i>Memorials</i>):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">1.</span> + <p class="hg3">"Of all the bels in Bennet, I am the best,</p> + <p>And yet for my casting the parish paid lest. 1607."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">2.</span> + <p class="hg3">"Non nomen fero ficti,</p> + <p>Sed nomen Benedicti. 1610."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">3.</span> + <p class="hg3">"This bell was broke, and cast againe,</p> + <p class="i2">by John Draper, in 1618,</p> + <p class="i2">as plainly doth appeare:</p> + <p class="i2"> Churchwardens were,</p> + <p class="i4">Edward Dixon,</p> + <p class="i5">for one,</p> + <p class="i1">who stood close to his tacklyn,</p> + <p class="i1">and he that was his partner then,</p> + <p class="i2">was Alexander Jacklyn."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Girton, Cambridgeshire:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Stoneleigh, Warwickshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">1.</span> + <p class="hg3">"Michaele te pulsante Winchelcombe a petente dĉmone te libera.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="unpoem">2.</span> + <p class="hg3">"O Kenelme nos defende ne maligni sentiamus focula."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Eastry, Kent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"One bell inscribed with the names of the churchwardens and the maker; + a shilling of William III., and other coins are let into the rim."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Erith, Kent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A tablet in the belfry commemorates the ringing of a peal of 726 + changes in twenty-six minutes."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>S. Clement, Sandwich, Kent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the ringing chamber of this noble tower is a windlass for lowering + the bells in case of repairs becoming necessary, with a trap-door in the + floor opening into the church."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>S. Mary, Sandwich, Kent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This bel was bought and steeple built, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> + 1718. J. Bradley, R. Harvey, Ch. wardens. R. P. F."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>S. Andrew, Histon, Camb.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Coins of Queen Anne in the rim of one bell; but dated 1723."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>S. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster (Weever, <i>Fur. Mon.</i>, p. 491., + edit. fol. 1631):</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"King Edward the Third built in the little sanctuarie a clochard of + stone and timber, and placed therein three bells, for the vse of Saint + <i>Stephen's</i> Chappel. About the biggest bell was engrauen, or cast in + the metall, these words:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'King Edward made mee thirtie thousand weight and three:</p> + <p>Take mee downe and wey mee, and more you shall fynd mee.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>But these bells being to be taken downe, in the raigne of King + <i>Henry</i> the Eight, one writes vnderneath with a coal:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'But <i>Henry</i> the Eight will bait me of my weight.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If any farther extracts may interest you, they are very much at your + service.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WAS COOK THE DISCOVERER OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 6.)</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Warden</span> will find this question discussed + by La Pérouse (English 8vo. edit., vol. ii. ch. 6.), who concludes + unhesitatingly that the Sandwich group is identical with a cluster of + islands discovered by the Spanish navigator Gaetan in 1542, and by him + named "The King's Islands." These the Spaniard placed in the tenth, + although the Sandwich Islands are near the twentieth, degree of north + latitude, which La Pérouse believed was a mere clerical error. The + difference in longitude, sixteen or seventeen degrees, he ascribed to the + imperfect means of determination possessed by the early navigators, and + to their ignorance of the currents of the Pacific.</p> + + <p>Allowing for the mistake in latitude, the King's Islands are evidently + the same as those found on some old charts, about the nineteenth and + twentieth degrees of north latitude, under the names of <i>La Mesa</i>, + <i>Los Mayos</i>, and <i>La Disgraciada</i>; which Capt. Dixon, as well + as La Pérouse, sought for in vain in the longitude assigned to them. They + appear to have been introduced into the <!-- Page 109 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page109"></a>{109}</span>English and French + charts from that found in the galleon taken by Commodore Anson, and of + which a copy is given in the account of his voyage. Cook, or Lieutenant + Roberts, the compiler of the charts to his third voyage, retained them; + and La Pérouse was the first to erase them from the map. There can, + indeed, be little doubt of their identity with the Sandwich Islands. But + although Cook was not actually the first European who had visited those + islands, to him rightly belongs all the glory of their discovery. + Forgotten by the Spaniards, misplaced on the chart a thousand miles too + far to the eastward, and unapproached for 240 years, their existence + utterly unknown and unsuspected, Cook was, to all intents and purposes, + their real discoverer.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. E. Bagot</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 590.)</p> + + <p>Is not the cast of a skeleton in the British Museum, recently alluded + to by <span class="sc">A Foreign Surgeon</span>, and which is labelled + <i>Megatherium Americanum</i> Blume., better known to English naturalists + by its more correct designation of <i>Mylodon robustus</i> Owen; and if + so, why is the proper appellation not painted on the label? If that had + been done, <i>A Foreign Surgeon</i> would not have fallen into the error + of confounding the remains of two distinctly different animals.</p> + + <p>Might I beg leave to add, for the information of your correspondent, + that no British naturalist "of any mark or likelihood," has ever assumed + that (though undoubtedly sloths) either the <i>Mylodon</i>, + <i>Scelidotherium</i>, or <i>Megatherium</i>, were climbers. Indeed, the + whole osseous structure of those animals proves that they were formed to + uprend the trees that gave them sustenance. By no other hypothesis can we + intelligibly account for the immense expanse of pelvis, the great bulk of + hind-legs, the solid tail, the massive anterior limbs furnished with such + powerful claws, and the extraordinary large spinal chord—all these + the characteristic features of the <i>Mylodon</i>.</p> + + <p>Whether there were palms or not at the period of the telluric + formation, I cannot undertake to say; but as <span class="sc">A Foreign + Surgeon</span> assumes that a palm is an exogenous tree (!), I am induced + to suspect that his acquaintance with geology may be equally as limited + as his knowledge of botany. Besides, what can he mean by speaking of a + sloth "the size of a large bear?" Why, the <i>Mylodon</i> must have been + larger than a rhinoceros or hippopotamus. The veriest tyro in natural + history would see that at the first glance of the massive skeleton.</p> + + <p>It is a painful and ungracious task to have to pen these observations, + especially, too, in the case of a stranger. But "N. & Q." must not be + made a channel for erroneous statements, and we "natives and to the + manner born" must be allowed to know best what is in our own museums.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Ham.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles.</i>—Like many of your correspondents, I + have been an inquirer on the subject of stereoscopic angles, which seems + to be still a problem for solution. What is this problem? for until that + be known, we cannot hope for a solution. I would ask, is it + this?—<i>Stereoscopic pictures should create in the mind precisely + such a conception as the two eyes would if viewing the object represented + by the stereograph.</i> If this be the problem (and I cannot conceive + otherwise), its solution is simple enough, as it consists in placing the + cameras <i>invariably</i> 2½ inches apart, on a line parallel to the + building, or a plane passing through such a figure as a statue, &c. + In this mode of treatment we should have two pictures possessing like + stereosity with those on the retinas, and consequently with like result + and as our eyes enable us to conceive perfectly of any solid figure, so + would the stereograph. I believe, therefore, that this is, under every + circumstance, the correct treatment; simply because every other mode may + be proved to be false to nature.</p> + + <p>Professor Wheatstone recommends 1 in 25 when objects are more than 50 + feet distant, and this rule seems to be pretty generally followed. Its + incorrectness admits of easy demonstration. Suppose a wall 300 feet in + extent, with abutments, each two feet in front, and projecting two feet + from the wall, at intervals of five feet. The proper distance from the + observer ought to be 450 feet, which, agreeably with this rule, would + require a space of 18 feet between the cameras. Under this treatment the + result would be, that both of the <i>sides, as well as the fronts</i>, of + the three central abutments would be seen; whilst of all the rest, only + the front and one side would be visible. This would be outraging nature, + and false, and therefore should, I believe, be rejected. The eyes of an + observer situated midway between the cameras, could not possibly perceive + either of the sides of the buttress opposite to him, and only the side + next to him of the rest. This seems to me conclusive.</p> + + <p>Again, your correspondent <span class="grk">Φ</span>. (Vol. vii., + p. 16.) says, that for portraits he finds 1 in 10 a good rule. Let the + sitter hold, straight from the front, <i>i.e.</i> in the centre, a box 2½ + inches in width. The result would be, that in the stereographs the box + would have both its sides represented, and the front, instead of being + horizontal, consisting of two inclined lines, <i>i.e.</i> unless the + cameras were <!-- Page 110 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page110"></a>{110}</span>placed on <i>one line</i>, when it would + be horizontal. In such treatment the departure from both is as great as + in the first example, and the outrage greater, inasmuch as, under these + circumstances (I mean a boy with a box), to any person of common sense, + the caricature would be at a glance obvious. This rule, then, although it + produces stereosity enough, being false, should also be rejected.</p> + + <p>I believe that 2½ inches will be found to be right under any + circumstance; but should sufficient reasons be offered for a better rule, + I trust I am open to conviction, and shall hail with great pleasure a + demonstration of its correctness.</p> + + <p>Should it, however, turn out that I have given a right definition, and + a correct solution of this most interesting problem, I shall rejoice to + know that I have rendered an essential service to a great number of + anxious students in photography.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. L. Merritt</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Maidstone.</p> + + <p><i>Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals.</i>—The proposal + of your correspondent <span class="sc">Ceridwen</span> to employ yellow + glass bottles for preventing the decomposition of photographic solutions + has been anticipated. It was suggested by me, in some lectures on + Photography in November 1847, and in January of the present year, that + yellow bottles might be so used, as well as for preventing the + decomposition, by light, of the vegetable substances used in pharmacy, + such as digitalis, ipecacuanha, cinchona, &c. For solutions of + silver, however, the most effectual remedy against precipitation is the + use of very pure water, procured by slow redistillation in glass vessels + at a temperature much below the boiling point.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hugh Owen</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Earth upon Earth, &c.</i>—I think the information which + has been elicited in connexion with the so-called "Unpublished Epigram by + Sir W. Scott," "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 498., sufficiently curious to + justify an additional reference to the sentiment in question; the more so + as I have to mention the name of its putative author. In Montgomery's + <i>Christian Poet</i>, 3rd edit. p. 58., he gives, under the title of + "Earth upon Earth," five verses, which it would appear are substantially + the same as those published by Weaver (whose <i>Funeral Monuments</i>, + his only publication, I have not within reach), but they exhibit + considerable verbal difference in the verses corresponding with those + cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 576. Montgomery tells us in a note + that this extract, given under the name of William Billyng, along with + another from a poem entitled "The Five Wounds of Christ," by the same + author, were from "a manuscript on parchment of great antiquity, in + possession of William Bateman, Esq.," of which a few copies had been + printed at Manchester, and "accompanied by rude but exceedingly curious + cuts." Now who was William Billyng? And when did he live? Montgomery says + "the age of this author is well known." The death of the Archbishop of + Canterbury, to whom Weaver (<i>Fun. Mon.</i> 1631) applies the Stratford + epigraph, is temp. Edward III. Is Mr. Bateman's MS. in a hand indicating + so early a date?</p> + + <p class="author">J. H.</p> + + <p><i>Picalyly</i> (Vol. viii., p. 8.).—In Barnaby Rich's + <i>Honestie of this Age</i>, p. 37. of the Percy Society reprint, we find + this passage:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But he that some fortie or fifty yeares sithens should haue asked + after a Pickadilly, I wonder who could haue understood him, or could haue + told what a Pickadilly had beene, either fish or flesh."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Little did the writer think that in future years the name would become + a "household word;" though his prophecy as to the meaning of the word has + been fulfilled by the appearance of the Query in the pages of "N. & + Q."</p> + + <p>The editor of the work, Mr. Peter Cunningham, has a long note on the + above passage; and I am indebted to him for the following.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ben Jonson (<i>Works</i> by Gifford, viii. 370.) speaks of a + <i>picardill</i> as a new cut of band much in fashion:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Ready to cast at one whose band stands still,</p> + <p>And then leap mad on a neat <i>picardill</i>.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"But Middleton, <i>The World tost at Tennis</i>, 1620, speaks of a + <i>pickadill</i> in connexion with the shears, the needle, &c. of the + tailor; from which it appears to have been an instrument used for + plaiting the picked vandyke collar worn in those days.</p> + + <p>"Mr. Gifford, in a note on another passage in Ben Jonson, says:</p> + + <p>'<i>Picardil</i> is simply a diminutive of <i>picca</i> (Span. and + Ital.), a spear-head; and was given to this article of foppery from a + fancied resemblance of its stiffened plaits to the bristled points of + these weapons. Blount thinks, and apparently with justice, that + <i>Picadilly</i> took its name frown the sale of the 'small stiff collars + so called,' which was first set on foot in a house near the western + [eastern] extremity of the present street by one Higgins, a tailor.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The bands worn by the clergy and judges, &c., at the present day, + are lineal descendants of the old <i>picadils</i>, reduced to a more + sober cut; and the picked ornament alluded to by your correspondent no + doubt derived its name from its resemblance in shape to these tokens of + ancient fashion.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Mr. Justice Newton</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.; Vol. viii., p. + 15.).—I did not answer <span class="sc">Mr. F. Kyffin + Lenthall's</span> first Query, because it was <!-- Page 111 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page111"></a>{111}</span>palpable, from the + context, that the "Mr. Justice Newton" he inquired after could not + possibly be the Chief Justice who flourished in the fifteenth century; + and because I am not aware of any judge of the superior courts of that + name, during the time of the Commonwealth, or the years which immediately + preceded or followed that period. Indeed, his designation as "Mr. Justice + Newton, <i>of the Middle Temple</i>," plainly proves that he could not + have been a judge upon the Bench at Westminster. He may perhaps have been + a Welsh judge; or, remembering that "Mr. Justice" was the common title + for a Justice of the Peace, it is still more probable that he was merely + a magistrate of the county in which he resided.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Manners of the Irish</i> (Vol. viii., p. 5.).—In the very + curious extract given by your correspondent H., <i>boyranne</i> is very + likely to stand for <i>borbhan</i>, the Irish for "lamentation" or + "complaint." An Irish landlord knows full well that, even up to the + present day, his tenants "keep the bread, and make <i>borbhan</i>." + <i>Molchan</i>, I suspect, comes from <i>miolc</i>, whey. <i>Localran</i> + stands for <i>loisgrean</i>, corn turned out of the ear. As to the + concluding line of the extract, I must leave it to some better Irish + scholar than I can boast myself.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>plainly has reference to the old practice, still prevalent in some + parts of Ireland on May-day, when young girls carry about a figure + dressed as a baby, singing the Irish song,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><a href="images/196_112.png"><img src="images/196_112.png" class="middle" style="height:3ex" alt="thugamar féin an samhra linn" /></a></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"We have brought the summer with us" (See <i>Transactions of the + Kilkenny Archĉological Society</i>). <i>Ultagh</i> (<i>Ultach</i>) is + Irish for an Ulster man, as H. will see by consulting any Irish + dictionary, and can have no connexion with Utlagh, the Kilkenny + money-lender. <i>Ugteller</i> is of course a misprint for + <i>Kyteller</i>. Would that H. would give us his real name and address, + or at least allow me to ask whether H. F. H. do not constitute his + initials in full.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kilkenny.</p> + + <p><i>Arms of the See of York</i> (Vol. viii., p. 34.).—I was about + to send a note to "N. & Q.," pointing out that Mr. Knight, in his + heraldic illustrations to 2 <i>Hen. IV.</i>, in his <i>Pictorial Edition + of Shakspeare</i>, has given the modern bearings of the see of York to + Archbishop Scroope, instead of those which belonged to that date, when I + observed a Query from <span class="sc">Tee Bee</span>, asking the date + and origin of the <i>change</i> of arms which took place. I am sorry that + I am unable to give any authority for my statement, but I believe it to + be not the less true, that the change in question took place when + Cardinal Wolsey came to the see. Nor can I give any farther reason for + that change than the notorious jealousy of the Cardinal towards the + superior rank of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Up to this period the arms + of the two sees were precisely the same, though <span class="sc">Tee + Bee</span> gives the number of crosses "patée fitchée" on the pall for + difference; I should be glad to know whether there is good authority for + this statement. The present arms of the see evidently have reference to + the dedication of the ancient cathedral church to St. Peter.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>"Up, Guards, and at 'em!"</i> (Vol. v., p. 426.).—These + oft-quoted words have already engaged the attention of the readers of "N. + & Q." Your frequent correspondent C. (Vol. v., p. 426.) is of opinion + that the Duke <i>did</i> make use of these, or equivalent, words. The + following extract I have copied from an article in the June number of + <i>Bentley's Miscellany</i>. It will be found at p. 700. as a foot-note + to a clever article, one of a series, entitled "Random Recollections of + Campaigns under the Duke of Wellington," written by an officer of the + second brigade of Guards.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The expression attributed to the Duke of 'Up, guards, and at them + again!' I have good reason for <i>knowing</i> was never made use of by + him. He was not even <i>with</i> the brigade of Guards in question at the + <i>time</i> they rose from their recumbent position to attack the French + column in their front, and therefore could not well have thus addressed + them. I never heard this story till long after, on my return to England, + when it was related by a lady at a dinner-table; probably it was the + invention of some goodly Botherby. I remember denying my belief at the + time, and my view has since been sufficiently confirmed. Besides, the + words bear no internal evidence of the style either of thought or even + expression of him to whom they were attributed."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The invention of the goodly Botherby has prospered!</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B. A.</span></p> + + <p><i>Coleridge's Christabel—The 3rd Part</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 11, + 12.).—<span class="sc">Mr. J. S. Warden</span> asks if I am correct + in stating the 3rd part of <i>Christabel</i> to be the composition of Dr. + Maginn. I can but "<i>give my authority</i>" in a reference to a sketch + of Maginn's life, in a new and well-conducted periodical, <i>The Irish + Quarterly Review</i>, which, in the number for September, 1852, after + giving a most humorous account of a first interview between Blackwood and + his wild Irish contributor, who had for more than a year been mystifying + the editor by contributions under various signatures, proceeds + thus:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A few days before the first interview with Blackwood, Maginn had sent + in his famous 'Third part of Christabel.' It is only to be found in the + Magazine; and as many of our readers must be unacquainted with the poem, + we here subjoin it."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 112 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page112"></a>{112}</span></p> + + <p>The poem follows, containing the lines which led to the first inquiry + on this subject.</p> + + <p>It was having read the Memoir in <i>The Irish Quarterly</i> which + enabled me so promptly to remember where the lines were to be found; but + I had long before heard, and never doubted, that the clever parody was + composed by Dr. Maginn.</p> + + <p class="author">A. B. R.</p> + + <p class="address">Belmont.</p> + + <p><i>Mitigation of Capital Punishment</i> (Vol. viii., p. 42.).—I + am sorry <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty</span> takes the phrase "mythic + accompaniments" as an imputation on himself. I did not intend it for one, + having no doubt that he repeated the story as he heard it. In it were two + statements of the highest decree of improbability. One I showed (Vol. v., + p. 434.) to be contrary to penal, the other to forensic practice. One + <span class="sc">Mr. Gatty</span> found to have been only a report, the + other to have occurred at a different place and under different + circumstances. Had these been stated in the first version, I should not + have disputed them. Whittington was thrice Lord Mayor of + London—that is history, to which the prophecy of Bow-bells and the + exportation of the cat are "mythic accompaniments."</p> + + <p>A word as to "disclosing only initials." I think you, as a means of + authentification, should have the name and address of every + correspondent. You have mine, and may give them to any one who pays me + the compliment of asking; but I do not seek farther publicity.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + + <p><i>The Man with the Iron Mask</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 234. 344.).—I + think that Mr. James, in his <i>Life and Times of Louis XIV.</i>, has, to + say the least, shown strong grounds for doubting the theory which + identifies this person with Mathioli; and since then several writers have + been inclined to fall back, in the want of any more probable explanation, + on the old idea that the captive was a twin brother of Louis. What has + become of the letter from M. de St. Mars, said to have been discovered + some years ago, confirming this last hypothesis? Has any such letter been + published, and, if so, what is the opinion of its genuineness?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gentleman executed for Murder of a Slave</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 107.)—Sometime between 1800 and 1805, Lord Seaforth being Governor + of Barbadoes, a slaveowner, having killed one of his own slaves, was + tried for the murder and acquitted, the law considering that such an act + was not murder. Thereupon Lord Seaforth came to England, obtained an act + of parliament declaring the killing of a slave to be murder, and returned + to Barbadoes to resume his official duties. Soon afterwards another slave + was killed by his owner, who was tried, convicted, and sentenced to be + hanged for murder under the new act of parliament. At the time appointed + the prisoner was brought out for execution, but so strong was public + feeling, that the ordinary executioner was not forthcoming; and on the + governor requiring the sheriff to perform his office either in person or + by deputy, after some excuses he absolutely refused. The governor then + addressed the guard of soldiers, desiring a volunteer for executioner, + adding, "whoever would volunteer should be subsequently protected as well + as rewarded then." One presented himself, and it thenceforth became as + dangerous to kill a slave as a freeman in Barbadoes.</p> + + <p class="author">G. M. E. C.</p> + + <p><i>Jahn's Jahrbuch</i> (Vol. viii., p. 34.).—Permit me to inform + your correspondent E. C. that there is a copy of Jahn's <i>Jahrbücher für + Philologie und Pädagogik</i> in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's + Institution, Oxford. Although this library is for the use of members of + the university, I am sure the curators of the institution will give their + permission to consult the books in it, to any gentleman who is properly + recommended to them.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + + <p><i>Character of the Song of the Nightingale</i> (Vol. vii., p. + 397.).—I imagine that many of the writers quoted by your + correspondent lived in places too far removed to the north or west (as is + my own case) ever to have heard the nightingale, and are, in consequence, + not competent authorities as to a song they can only have described at + second hand; but that Shelley was not far wrong in styling it voluptuous, + and placing it amidst the luxurious bowers of Daphne, may receive some + confirmation from an anecdote told by Nimrod ("Life and Times," + <i>Fraser's Magazine</i>, vol. xxv. p. 301.) of the sad effects produced + both on morals and parish rates by the visit of a nightingale one summer + to the groves of Erthig, near Wrexham.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + + <p>I accidently met with a scrap of evidence on this point lately, as I + was driving at midnight on a sudden call to visit a dying man. The + nightingales were singing in full choir, when my servant, an intelligent + young man from the country, remarked, "A cheerful little bird the + nightingale, Sir. It is beautiful to hear them singing when one is + walking alone on a dark night."</p> + + <p>Unsophisticated judgment of this sort, when met with unsought, seems + to be of real value in a question depending for its decision so much upon + the faithful record of impressions.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Walthamstow.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Cuthbert Bede</span> gives, in his list of + epithets of the nightingale, "solemn," as used by Milton, Otway, + Graingle. How the last two employ the term I do not know, perhaps they + <!-- Page 113 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page113"></a>{113}</span>copied from Milton; but he uses it, not as + an epithet exactly, but to express the frequency of the bird's + appearance. "Night, her <i>solemn</i> bird," means the <i>customary</i> + attendant of the night: <i>solemn</i> being used in the classical sense, + and derived front <i>soles</i>. So Virgil, "Solemnes tum forte dapes et + tristia dona ante urbem in luco," &c.</p> + + <p>The word <i>solemn</i> probably acquired its present signification + from the staid manner in which Englishmen go through their customary + ceremonies. "They took their pleasure <i>sadly</i>," as Froissart has + it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sydney Gedge, B.A.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mysterious Personage</i> (Vol. viii., p. 34.).—There is no + mystery about the legitimate claimant of the British throne. He is the + Duke of Modena, lineally descended from Henrietta of England, youngest + daughter of Charles I.: she married Philip Duke of Orleans, son of Louis + XIII. and Anne of Austria, and had two daughters; Louisa married to + Charles II. of Spain (she died without issue), and Anna Maria, married to + Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia. Their son Charles + Emanuel III. succeeded in 1730, and was succeeded by his son Victor + Amadeus III. He was succeeded by his eldest son Charles Emanuel IV., who + died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Victor Emanuel, who + left twin daughters, the elder of whom, Mary Beatrice, married Francis + Duke of Modena, while the crown of Sardinia passed to her father's heirs + male. The Duchess Mary Beatrice of Modena has left two sons, the elder of + whom (born June 14, 1819) is the direct, undoubted heir of the House of + Stuart.</p> + + <p class="author">L. M. M. R.</p> + + <p><i>Ken: "The Crown of Glory"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 597.).—This work + was properly rejected by Mr. Round in his edition of Bishop Ken's + <i>Works</i>; and in the preface he gives the reasons for so doing. The + absence of certain forms of expression was the chief test relied on. The + book is so excellent, and the prayers so warm and Ken-like, that its + exclusion indicates much critical acumen on the part of Mr. Round. + Subsequently to the publication of this collection, it was ascertained + that the prayers and other parts of <i>The Crown of Glory</i> were taken + from a book of Dean Brough, of Gloucester, entitled <i>Sacred + Principles</i>, which was published, I believe (I am writing at a + distance from my books), in 1661.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. D——n.</span></p> + + <p><i>Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 8.).—In days gone by, when the boundaries of the town were much + more circumscribed than at the present day, a well-known old female (a + perfect character in her way) had long fixed her abode in a curiously + built hut-like cot in the locality in question; the rusticity of which, + together with the obliging demeanour of its tenants, had gradually + induced the good folk of Plymouth to make holiday bouts to this retired + spot for the purpose of merry-making. As years rolled on, the shrewd old + dame became a general favourite with the pleasure-seekers; the increasing + frequency of these pic-nics suggesting to her an opportunity which might + be turned to good account, viz. that of providing her visitors with the + cheap requisite, boiling water, for the brewing their sober afternoon's + beverage, at the low rate of a penny a head. Still later in the evening + of life, shrugging herself closely in her old scarlet cloak, which had + served her well for better than half a century, she would, with much + apparent gusto, recount to her pleased auditory how many a time and often + she had made the "penny come quick," by the above-recited inexpensive + vocation; until at length her saying became a by-word in the + neighbourhood, and universal consent fixed on the ever-happy + octogenarian's triplet as a fitting appellation for the then nameless and + retired little nook, but now thickly studded grounds, of + <i>Pennycomequick</i>.</p> + + <p>That equally simple occurrences have frequently given rise to the + names of places, is shown by other remarkable titles of localities not + far distant from <i>Pennycomequick</i>, such as those of "The Bold + Venture," and of "No Place."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Hele.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ashburton.</p> + + <p>Your correspondent R. H. B. is informed that the name of this village + is Welsh, viz. <i>Pen y cwn gwich</i>, and signifies a village at the + head of a valley.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504. 607.).—May I be + permitted a word with your correspondent A. I., and at the same time + assist <span class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span> in his laudable attempt "to + convert him to the faith?" To do this, it will not be necessary for me to + search either in annual or parish registers, or to decipher half-defaced + inscriptions on marble monuments or humble headstones.</p> + + <p>A lady is now living, or was two months ago, in Williamsburg, State of + South Carolina, by the name of Singleton, who is known to be in the + <i>one hundred and thirty-first year of her age</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Her mental faculties are still unimpaired, and she retains all her + senses except that of sight, of which she was deprived at the advanced + age of ninety-nine years by an attack of the measles. Her bodily energy + exhibits no diminution for many years, she being still able to walk + briskly about the room. She has outlived all her children: her oldest + descendant living being a granddaughter, over sixty years old. The first + granddaughter of this granddaughter, if now living, would be over sixteen + years of age."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Arms: Battle-axe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 407.).—The undermentioned + families bore three battle-axes <!-- Page 114 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page114"></a>{114}</span>simply, their coats of arms varying only + in metal and colour:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Aynisworthe.</p> + <p>Bainbrige.</p> + <p>Batten.</p> + <p>Daueys.</p> + <p>Daverston.</p> + <p>Gyves.</p> + <p>Gibbes.</p> + <p>Hall.</p> + <p>Hakelett.</p> + <p>Lewston.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Stephen Hoby (the earliest ancestor of the Bisham family of whom any + record is preserved), married ——, the daughter and heiress of + —— Bylmore, whose arms were—Gu. three halberds + (long-handled battle-axes) in pale ar. handled or.: hence, no doubt, the + three battle-axes in connexion with the Hoby or Hobby name at Bisham + Church. William Hoby, of Leominster, the tenth in descent from the + above-mentioned Stephen, married Catherine, sole daughter and heiress of + John Forden <i>alias</i> Fordayne, by Gwentwynar, daughter and heiress of + Sir Griffith Vahan <i>alias</i> Vaughan, Knight Banneret; who was, as I + am led to think, of Denbigh or its neighbourhood. I shall be happy to + find I have thrown any light upon the Query of A. C.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + + <p><i>Sir G. Browne, Bart.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 528.)—Your + correspondent <span class="sc">Newbury</span> is in error in styling this + George Browne a baronet, nor was he of West Stafford or Wickham. He was + the sole son and heir of Sir George Browne, Knight, of Wickhambreux, co. + Kent, Caversham, co. Oxford, and Cowdray in Midhurst, co. Sussex; which + last estate devolved on this family by the will of William Fitzwilliam, + Earl of Southampton, the son of Lucy (daughter and co-heiress of John + Nevill, Marquess of Montagu) by her first husband, Sir Thomas Fitzwillam + of Aldwark, co. York; which Lucy became the wife of Sir Anthony Browne, + who was knighted at the battle of Stoke, June 6, 1487, and succeeded as + above-mentioned to the Cowdray estate.</p> + + <p>George Browne, who married Elizabeth or Eleanor, the daughter of Sir + Richard Blount, was of Wickhambreux, Caversham, and also of West Shefford + in co. Berks; his name appears as thus in the Visitation of this county + anno 1623. Of the nineteen children, he had three sons whose names are + not given, and who died in the Royal cause during the civil wars: but as + Richard, the third son, is expressly mentioned, he certainly was not one + of the three killed in the service of King Charles I. Sir George Browne, + second, but eldest surviving son, was made a K.B. at the coronation of + King Charles II.; and was celebrated by Pope in his "Windsor Forest." He + married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, the second baronet + of Wootton Bassett, co. Wilts, and died <i>s. p. m.</i> George, the + eldest born, died an infant. Henry, the fourth son, died unmarried March + 19, 1668, and was buried at West Shefford; and John, the fifth son, was + of Caversham, and created a baronet May 19, 1665. He married the widow of + —— Bradley, and was the ancestor of the baronets of + Caversham, extinct in 1774. Three daughters, whose names are not given, + became nuns. Eleanor, another daughter, died unmarried, Nov. 27, 1662, + and was buried at West Shefford: and Elizabeth was the wife of John Yate + of West Hanney, co. Berks; and who died Jan. 26, 1671, before his + wife.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS AND VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Memoirs of the Rose</span>, by Mr. John Holland. 1 + Vol. 12mo. 1824.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Literary Gazette</span>, 1834 to 1845.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Athenĉum</span>, commencement to 1835.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">A Narrative of the Holy Life and Happy Death of Mr. + John Angier.</span> London, 1685.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Moore's Melodies.</span> 15th Edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Wood's Athenĉ Oxonienses</span> (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. + 4to. 1813-20.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Complaynts of Scotland.</span> 8vo. Edited by + Leyden. 1804.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Shakspeare's Plays.</span> Vol. V. of Johnson and + Steevens's edition, in 15 vols. 8vo. 1739.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to + be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><i>In consequence of being compelled to go to press with the present + Number on Thursday, and of the number of</i> <span class="sc">Replies to + Minor Queries</span> <i>waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to + omit our</i> <span class="sc">Notes on Books</span>, &c.</p> + + <p>T. M. B. <i>The oft-quoted lines</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, glides,</p> + <p>The Derby dilly, carrying <span class="sc">Three</span> insides," &c.—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p><i>will be found in the</i> Poetry of the Antijacobin, <i>at the close + of the Second Part of</i> The Loves of the Triangles.</p> + + <p>J. D. <i>Where is the sentence of which you ask an explanation to be + found? Send the context, or farther particulars.</i></p> + + <p>C. E. F. <i>and</i> T. D. (Leeds). <i>Your inquiry as to the best mode + of constructing a glass chamber for photographic purposes will be + answered in our next.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. John Cook</span> <i>has sent us a plan for taking + cheaper pictures for stereoscopic purposes by means of a common camera, + and the substitution for the ordinary ground glass of a piece of plate + glass and a piece of paper, on which the outline of the figure is to be + traced. When one sketch is thus made, the camera is to be moved fifteen + or sixteen inches to the right or left, and a second drawing made in the + same way. The plan is a very obvious one; and though adapted for those + who can draw and have an ordinary camera, it presents few advantages to + photographers.</i></p> + + <p>H. H. H. (Ashburton). <i>Were we to recommend you to any particular + maker for your collodion tent, we should deviate from our rule of + impartiality where several vendors are concerned, and we would therefore + refer you to our advertising columns.</i></p> + + <p>W. N. (Kingston). <i>We are sorry we cannot afford space for answering + all your Queries on the making of gun cotton. A portion made according to + Dr. Diamond's formulary has been forwarded to your address; and if it is + not</i> entirely <i>soluble, then the fault is in your ether.</i></p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a + Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published an noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 115 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page115"></a>{115}</span></p> + +<h3>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, +NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,<br /> +DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING +FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p> + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> +"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical +and Photographical Instrument Makers, and +Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—THE COLLODION PROCESS, with the latest + improvements; Calotype, Daguerreotype, Stereoscopic, and Microscopic + Pictures: being a most complete Guide to the successful Production of + good Pictures by this interesting Art. Price 1<i>s.</i> in wrapper, and + 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, gilt; free by Post for 18<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: CLARK, 17. Warwick Lane. SHEW, +32. Rathbone Place. BAKER, 244. Holborn.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>LA LUMIERE; French Photographic Journal. The only Journal which gives + weekly all the principal Photographic News of England and the Continent; + with Original Articles and Communications on the different Processes and + Discoveries, Reports of the French Academy of Sciences, Articles on Art, + Reviews, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Published every SATURDAY at PARIS, +9. Rue de la Perle.</p> + + <p>Terms, 16<i>s.</i> per annum in advance. All English Subscriptions and + Communications to be addressed to the English Editor, 6. Henman Terrace, + Camden Town, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different + Bedsteads; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. + And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room + Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render + their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + +<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ESTABLISHED 1841.</p> + +<h3>MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">25. PALL MALL.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than <i>Four + Thousand One Hundred and Fifty Policies</i>—</p> + + <p>Covering Assurances to the extent of <i>One Million Six Hundred and + Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards</i>—</p> + + <p>Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to <i>Seventy-three Thousand + Pounds</i>.</p> + + <p>This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of + Diseased Lives.</p> + + <p>Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most + other Offices.</p> + + <p>A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies + at last Division of Profits.</p> + + <p>Next Division in 1853—in which all Policies effected before 30th + June, 1853, will participate.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>Agents wanted for vacant places.</p> + + <p>Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be + obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any + of the Society's Agents in the country.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.</p> + <p>C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 116 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page116"></a>{116}</span></p> + +<h3>J. R. SMITH'S</h3> + +<h2>NEW PUBLICATIONS</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient + British History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. Just published, 8vo. (pp. + 488.), with engravings, cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE, with Occasional Remarks on Mr. Collier's + Folio of 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of + that and adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ. 12mo. cloth, + 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>FACTS AND SPECULATIONS on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By + W. A. CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving." In one + handsome volume, 8vo., illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and + coloured, cloth, 1<i>l</i>. 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>BOSWORTH'S (Rev. Dr.) Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. + 8vo., closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>LOWER'S (M.A.) ESSAYS on English Surnames. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third + Edition, greatly enlarged, cloth, 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>LOWER'S CURIOSITIES of HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English + Writers. 8vo., numerous Engravings, cloth, 14<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, and + History of England in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth + 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>GUIDE TO ARCHĈOLOGY. An Archĉological Index to Remains of Antiquity of + the Celtic, Romano British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN YONGE + AKERMAN, Fellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo., + illustrated with numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, + cloth, 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A NEW LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE; including many Particulars respecting the + Poet and his Family, never before published. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, + F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 8vo., 76 Engravings by Fairholt, cloth, + 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 35. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for August</span>.</p> + + <p>FOSTER'S LECTURES, delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, 3rd + Edition, edited, with Additions, by J. E. RYLAND, Esq. 2 vols. post 8vo., + cloth, 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per volume.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for August.</span></p> + + <p>THE COMEDIES OF ARISTOPHANES, literally translated into English Prose, + with Copious Notes, by W. J. HICKIE. In 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth. Vol. I. + with Frontispiece. Price 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for August.</span></p> + + <p>MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate + to the affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1307. Translated by C. D. YONGE, B.A. In 2 vols. + post 8vo., cloth. Vol. II. Price 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BOLTON, LANCASHIRE.</p> + + <p>Respectfully informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that + he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information + respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, + &c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with + Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c.</p> + + <p>Having declined appointed Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct + communications by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory + arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published in 8vo., with Fac-simile +from an early MS. at Dulwich College, +price 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>CURIOSITIES OF MODERN SHAKSPEARIAN CRITICISM. By J. O. HALLIWELL, + ESQ., F.R.S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, +London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p>NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neutronics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>SPECTACLES.—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a + Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed; and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, +London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR +GARDENS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE +AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. +LINDLEY,)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Of Saturday, July 23, contains Articles on</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Contents." title="Contents."> +<tr><td class="rightbsing" valign="top"> +Agricultural Society's show at Gloucester<br /> +Agricultural College examination papers<br /> +Atmospheric agents, influence of, by Mr. Rigby<br /> +Attraction, capillary<br /> +Books reviewed<br /> +Bottles, to cut, by Mr. Prideaux<br /> +Broccoli, winter<br /> +Calendar, horticultural<br /> +—— agricultural<br /> +Cattle breeding<br /> +Diclytra <i>v.</i> Dielytra<br /> +Drainage and capillary attraction<br /> +Ellipse<br /> +Fir leaves, uses of dried, by Mr. Mackenzie<br /> +Forests, royal<br /> +Frog, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe<br /> +Fruit preserving<br /> +Fungi, eatable<br /> +Gloucestershire, trip through<br /> +Grove Gardens, noticed<br /> +Guano, Peruvian<br /> +Heating, galvanised iron for, by Mr. Ayres<br /> +Holt forest<br /> +Honey<br /> +Implements, agricultural, at Gloucester<br /> +Iron, galvanised<br /> +Manure, peat mould as +</td><td class="spacsingle" valign="top"> +Mechi's (Mr.), gathering<br /> +Mildew, grape<br /> +Mulberries, to propagate, by Mr. Brown<br /> +Mushrooms, bad<br /> +Peat mould<br /> +Plant-houses, to fumigate, Mr. Whalley<br /> +Potato disease<br /> +Potentillas<br /> +Poultry at Gloucester<br /> +Preserving fruit<br /> +Roses, Bedding<br /> +Sheep, breeds of<br /> +—— handbook on<br /> +Skimmia Japonica, by Messrs. Standish and Noble<br /> +Societies, proceedings of the Entomological,<br /> + Caledonian and Cheltenham, Horticultural,<br /> + National Floricultural, Belfast Flax<br /> +Spermatozoids<br /> +Stock breeding<br /> +Strawberry, Nimrod<br /> +Stylidium fasciculatum<br /> +Tanks, galvanised, by Mr. Ayres<br /> +Toad, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe<br /> +Vine, culture of<br /> +—— to propagate, by Mr. Brown<br /> +—— mildew<br /> +Wheat, culture of, by Mr. Rigby<br /> +</td></tr></table><p></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transaction of the week.</i></p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth,</p> + + <p>THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being sketches of Clerical Life in a + Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., vicar of + Ecclesfield.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We sincerely thank Mr. Gatty for his interesting + Sketches."—<i>English Churchman.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.<br /> +Edinburgh: R. GRANT & SON.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">For August, Now Ready,</p> + + <p>W. S. LINCOLN'S Ninety-Fifth Catalogue of Cheap Second-Hand English + and Foreign Books. A copy will be sent GRATIS and POSTAGE-FREE to any + Gentleman in Town or Country, who forwards his Address to Cheltenham + House, Westminster Road, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>EVERY MAN HIS OWN ENGRAVER: or, a New, Cheap, and Simple Process, by + which to produce from a Substitute, and multiply to any extent, either + Portraits, Names on Cards, Drawings, Maps, &c., the Proofs of which + will be equal to Copper-plate Engravings.</p> + + <p>This invaluable and profitable Art will be taught to Ladies and + Gentlemen, by printed instructions, with ease and certainty, IN ONE + LESSON, upon receipt of Fourteen Postage Stamps, addressed to MR. A. B. + CLEVELAND, 15. Western Cottages, Brighton.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July 30, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 196, July +30, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 28478-h.htm or 28478-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/4/7/28478/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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