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diff --git a/28478-8.txt b/28478-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dd17493 --- /dev/null +++ b/28478-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3347 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 196, July 30, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 196, July 30, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28478] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{93} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 196.] +SATURDAY, JULY 30. 1853.. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Books chained to Desks in Churches: Font Inscription: + Parochial Libraries, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A. 93 + Real Signatures _versus_ Pseudo-names, by the Rev. + James Graves 94 + Popular Stories of the English Peasantry, by Vincent + T. Sternberg 94 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by Cecil Harbottle, &c. 95 + Epitaph and Monuments in Wingfield Church, Suffolk 98 + Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta 99 + + MINOR NOTES:--Meaning of "Clipper"--Anathema, + Maran-atha--Convocation and the Society for the + Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts--Pigs said + to see the Wind--Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester 100 + + QUERIES:-- + Lord William Russell 100 + Ancient Furniture--Prie-Dieu 101 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Reynolds' Nephew--Sir Isaac + Newton--Limerick, Dublin, and Cork--Praying to the + West--Mulciber--Captain Booth of Stockport--"A saint + in crape"--French Abbés--What Day is it at our + Antipodes?--"Spendthrift"--Second Growth of Grass-- + The Laird of Brodie--Mrs. Tighe, Author of "Psyche"-- + Bishop Ferrar--Sir Thomas de Longueville--Quotations + wanted--Symon Patrick, Bishop of Ely: Durham: Weston: + Jephson--The Heveninghams of Suffolk and Norfolk-- + Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund + Mortimer, Earl of March)--Shape of Coffins--St. George + Family Pictures--Caley (John), "Ecclesiastical Survey + of the Possessions, &c. of the Bishop of St. David's," + &c.--Adamson's "Lusitania Illustrata"--Blotting-paper-- + Poetical Versions of the Fragments in Athenĉus 102 + + REPLIES:-- + Robert Drury 104 + The Termination -by 105 + The Rosicrucians, by William Bates 106 + Inscriptions on Bells, by W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A. 108 + Was Cook the Discoverer of the Sandwich Islands? by + C. E. Bagot 108 + Megatherium Americanum, by W. Pinkerton 109 + + Photographic Correspondence:--Stereoscopic + Angles--Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals 109 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Earth upon Earth, + &c.--Picalyly--Mr. Justice Newton--Manners of the + Irish--Arms of the See of York--"Up, Guards, and at + 'em!"--Coleridge's Christabel: the 3rd Part--Mitigation + of Capital Punishment--The Man with the Iron Mask-- + Gentleman executed for Murder of a Slave--Jahn's + Jahrbuch--Character of the Song of the Nightingale, + &c. 110 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 114 + Notices to Correspondents 114 + Advertisements 115 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES: FONT INSCRIPTION: PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES. + +It would be interesting to have a complete list of the various books still +to be found chained to desks in our ancient churches. The "Bible of the +largest volume," the "Books of Homilies allowed by authority," and the Book +of Common Prayer, are ordered by Canon 80. to be provided for every church. +In some places this regulation is still complied with: at Oakington, +Cambridgeshire, a copy of a recent (1825) edition of the Homilies lies on a +small desk in the nave. But besides these authoritative works, other books +are found _chained_ to their ancient desks: at Impington, Cambridgeshire +are, or were, "three black-letter volumes of Fox's _Martyrs_ chained to a +stall in the chancel." (Paley's _Ecclesiologist's Guide, &c._) At St. +Nicholas, Rochester, chained to a small bracket desk at the south side of +the west door, is a copy of _A Collection of Cases and other Discourses to +recover Dissenters to the Church of England_, small 8vo., 1718. The +_Paraphrase_ of Erasmus may probably be added to the list (see Professor +Blunt's _Sketch of the History of the Reformation_, 10th edit., p. 130.), +though I cannot call to mind any church in which a copy of this work may +now be found. In the noble minster church at Wimborne, Dorsetshire, is a +rather large collection of books, comprising some old and valuable +editions: all these books were, and many still are, chained to their +shelves; an iron rod runs along the front of each shelf, on which rings +attached to the chains fastened to the covers of the works have free play; +these volumes are preserved in an upper chamber on the south side of the +chancel. The parochial library at St. Margaret's, Lynn, Norfolk, is one of +considerable interest and importance; amongst other treasures are a curious +little manuscript of the New Testament very neatly written, a (mutilated) +black-letter copy of the _Sarum Missal_, and many fine copies of the works +of the Fathers, and also of the Reformers; these are preserved in the south +aisle of the chancel, which is fitted up as a library, and are in very good +order. At Margate Church are a few volumes, of what kind my note-book does +{94} not inform me. I may also mention, in connexion with St. Nicholas, +Rochester, that the font is octagonal, and inscribed with the following +capital letters, the first surmounted by a crown: + + C . R . I . * . * . * . A . N. + +The large panel on each side contains one of the letters; the font is +placed close to the wall, so that the remaining letters, indicated by +asterisks, cannot now be read: the sexton said that the whole word was +supposed to be "Christian," or rather "Cristian." Beside the font is a very +quaint iron bracket-stand, painted blue and gold, "constructed to carry" +two candles. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON. + +P. S.--Permit me to correct an error of the press in my communication at p. +8. of your present volume, col. 1. l. 10. from bottom; for "worn," read +"won." + + * * * * * + +REAL SIGNATURES VERSUS PSEUDO-NAMES. + +It is pleasant to see so many of the correspondents of "N. & Q." joining in +the remonstrance against the anonymous system. Were one to set about +accumulating the reasons for the abandonment of pseudo-names and initials, +many of the valuable columns of this periodical might be easily filled; +such an essay it is not, however, my intention to inflict on its readers, +who by a little thought can easily do for themselves more than a large +effusion of ink on the part of any correspondent could effect. I shall +content myself with recounting the good which, in one instance, has +resulted from a knowledge of the real name and address of a contributor. + +The REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE (one of the first to raise his voice against the +use of pseudo-names) having observed in "N. & Q." many communications +evincing no ordinary acquaintance with the national Records of Ireland, and +wishing to enter into direct communication with the writer (who merely +signed himself J. F. F.), put a Query in the "Notices to Correspondents," +begging J. F. F. to communicate his real name and address. There in all +probability the matter would have ended, as J. F. F. did not happen to take +"N. & Q.," but that the writer of these lines chanced to be aware, that +under the above given initials lurked the name of the worthy, the +courteous, the erudite, and, yet more strange still, the _unpaid_ guardian +of the Irish Exchequer Records--James Frederick Ferguson,--a name which +many a student of Irish history will recognise with warm gratitude and +unfeigned respect. Now it had so happened that by a strange fortune MR. +ELLACOMBE was the repository of information as to the whereabouts of +certain of the ancient Records of Ireland (see MR. ELLACOMBE'S notice of +the matter, Vol. viii., p. 5.), abstracted at some former period from the +"legal custody" of some heedless keeper, and sold by a Jew to a German +gentleman, and the result of his communicating this knowledge to Mr. +Ferguson, has been the latter gentleman's "chivalrous" and successful +expedition for their recovery. The _English Quarterly Review_ (not +_Magazine_, as MR. ELLACOMBE inadvertently writes), in a forthcoming +article on the Records of Ireland, will, it is to be hoped, give the full +details of this exciting record hunt, and thus exemplify the _great +utility_, not to speak of the _manliness_, of real names and addresses, +_versus_ false names and equally Will-o'-the-Wisp initials. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + + * * * * * + +POPULAR STORIES OF THE ENGLISH PEASANTRY. + +(Vol. v., p. 363. &c.) + +Will you allow me, through the medium of "N. & Q.," to say how much obliged +I should be for any communications on this subject. Since I last addressed +you (about a year ago) I have received many interesting contributions +towards my proposed collection; but not, I regret to say, quite to the +extent I had anticipated. My own researches have been principally confined +to the midland counties, and I have very little from the north or east. +Such a large field requires many gleaners, and I hope your correspondents +learned in Folklore will not be backward in lending their aid to complete a +work which Scott, Southey, and a host of illustrious names, have considered +a desideratum in our national antiquities. + +I propose to divide the tales into three classes--Mythological, Humorous, +and Nurse-tales. Of the mythological I have already given several specimens +in your journal, but I will give the following, as it illustrates another +link in the transmission of MR. KEIGHTLEY'S Hindustani legend, which +appeared in a recent Number. It is from Northamptonshire. + +_The Bogie and the Farmer._ + +Once upon a time a Bogie asserted a claim to a field which had been +hitherto in the possession of a farmer; and after a great deal of +disputing, they came to an arrangement by agreeing to divide its produce +between them. At seed time, the farmer asks the Bogie what part of the crop +he will have, "tops or bottoms." "Bottoms," said the spirit: upon which the +crafty farmer sows the field with wheat, so that when harvest arrives the +corn falls to his share, while the poor Bogie is obliged to content himself +with the stubble. Next year the spirit, finding he had made such an +unfortunate selection in the bottoms, chose the tops; whereupon cunning +Hodge set the field with turnips, thus again outwitting the simple {95} +claimant. Tired of this unprofitable farming, the Bogie agrees to hazard +his claims on a mowing-match, thinking that his supernatural strength would +give him an easy victory; but before the day of meeting, the cunning +earth-tiller procures a number of iron bars which he stows among the grass +to be mown by his opponent; and when the trial commences, the unsuspecting +goblin finds his progress retarded by his scythe coming into contact with +these obstacles, which he takes to be some very hard--very hard--species of +dock. "Mortal hard docks, these," said he; "Nation hard docks!" His blunted +scythe soon brings him to a stand still, and as, in such cases, it is not +allowed for one to sharpen without the other, he turns to his antagonist, +now far ahead, and inquires, in a tone of despair, "When d'ye wiffle-waffle +(whet), mate?" "Waffle!" said the farmer, with a well-feigned stare of +amazement, "O, about noon mebby." "Then," said the despairing spirit, "That +thief of a Christian has done me;" and so saying, he disappeared and was +never heard of more. + +Under _Nurse-tales_, I include the extremely puerile stories of the +nursery, often (as in the German ones) interlaced with rhymes. The +following, from the banks of the Avon, sounds like an echo from a German +story-book. + +_Little Elly._ + +In the old time, a certain good king laid all the ghosts, and hanged all +the witches and wizards save one, who fell into a bad way, and kept a +school in a small village. One day Little Elly looked through a chink-hole, +and saw him eating man's flesh and drinking man's blood; but Little Elly +kept it all to herself, and went to school as before. And when school was +over the Ogee fixed his eyes upon her, and said-- + + "All go home but Elly, + And Elly come to me." + +And when they were gone he said, "What did you see me eat, Elly?" + + "O something did I see, + But nothing will I tell, + Unto my dying day." + +And so he pulled off her shoes, and whipped her till she bled (this +repeated three days); and the third day he took her up, and put her into a +rose-bush, where the rain rained, and the snow snowed, and the hail hailed, +and the wind blew upon her all night. Quickly her tiny spirit crept out of +her tiny body and hovered round the bed of her parents, where it sung in +mournful voice for evermore-- + + "Dark, weary, and cold am I, + Little knoweth Gammie where am I." + +Of the Humorous stories I have already given a specimen in Vol. v., p. 363. + +Any notes of legends, or suggestions of any kind, forwarded to my address +as below, will be thankfully received and acknowledged. + +VINCENT T. STERNBERG. + +15. Store Street, Bedford Square. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_The old Corrector on "The Winter's Tale."_--I am glad to find that you +have another correspondent, and a very able one too, under the signature of +A. E. B., who takes the same view of "Aristotle's checks" as I have done; +though I think he might have paid me the compliment of _just_ noticing my +prior remonstrance on this subject. It is to be lamented, that MR. COLLIER +should have hurried out his new edition of Shakspeare, adopting all the +sweeping _emendations_ of his newly-found commentator, without paying the +slightest heed to any of the suggestions which have been offered to him in +a friendly spirit, or affording time for the farther objections which are +continually pouring in. At the risk of probably wearying some of your +readers, I cannot forbear submitting to you a few more remarks; but I shall +confine them on this occasion to one play, _The Winter's Tale_: which +contains, perhaps, as many poetical beauties as any single work of our +great dramatic bard. With reference to the passage quoted in p. 437., I can +hardly believe that Shakspeare ever wrote such a poor unmeaning line as-- + + " . . . they are false as _dead blacks_." + +nor can I perceive any possible objection to the original words "o'er dyed +blacks." They may either mean false mourners, putting an _over_ dark +semblance of grief; or they may allude figuratively to the material of +mourning, the colours of which if _over-dyed_ will not stand. In either of +these senses, the passage is poetical; but there is nothing like poetry in +"_our dead blacks_." + +In p. 450. the alteration of the word "and" to "heaven" may be right, +though it is difficult to conceive how the one can have been mistaken for +the other. At all events, the sense is improved by the change; but I do not +see that anything is gained by the substitution in the next line of "dream" +for "theme." Whatever the king said in his ravings about Hermione, might as +aptly be called part of his "theme" as part of his "dream." The subject of +his _dream_ was in fact his _theme_! + +Neither can I discover any good reason for changing, in p. 452., + + " . . . and one may drink, depart, + And yet partake no venom," + +into "drink a part." The context clearly shows the author's meaning to have +been, that if any one _departed_ at once after tasting of the beverage, he +would have no knowledge of what he had drunk; {96} but if he remained, some +one present might point out to him the spider in the cup, and _then_ "he +cracks his gorge," &c. + +In p. 460. MR. COLLIER says that the passage, "dangerous, unsafe lunes i' +the king," is mere tautology, and _therefore_ he follows the old corrector +in substituting "_unsane lunes_." Now it strikes me that there is quite as +much _tautology_ in "_unsane lunes_" as in the double epithet, "dangerous, +unsafe." It is, in fact, equivalent to "insane madness;" and, moreover, +drags in quite needlessly a very unusual and uncouth word. + +In p. 481. we have the last word of the following passage-- + + "I never saw a vessel of like sorrow, + So fill'd and so becoming,"-- + +converted into "_o'er-running_." This may possibly be the correct reading; +but, seeing that it is immediately followed by the words-- + + " . . . in pure white robes, + Like very sanctity," + +I question whether "becoming" is not the more natural expression. + + "There weep--and leave it crying," + +is made-- + + "There _wend_--and leave it crying," + +which I submit is decidedly wrong. I will not be hypercritical, or I might +suggest that in that case the words would have been "_thither_ wend;" but I +maintain that the change is contrary to the _sense_. The spirit of Hermione +never could have been intended to say that the _child_ should be left +_crying_. She would rather wish that it might _not cry_! The meaning, as it +seems to me, is, that Antigonus should _weep_ over the babe, and leave it +while so _weeping_. + +In p. 487. the words "missingly noted" are altered to "_musingly_ noted," +which is a very questionable improvement. Camillo, _missing_ Florigel from +court, would naturally _note_ his absence; and he may have _mused_ over the +causes of it, but there could be no necessity for _musing_ to note the fact +of his absence: and I cannot help thinking that the word _missingly_ is +more in Shakspeare's style. + +I cannot subscribe at all to the alteration in p. 492. of the word +"unrolled" to "enrolled." To be enrolled _and placed_ in the book of virtue +is very like tautology; but I conceive Shakspeare meant Autolycus to wish +that his name might be _unrolled_ from the company of thieves and gypsies +with whom he was associated, and transferred to the book of virtue. + +I am entirely at issue with the old corrector upon his _emendation_ in p. +498.: + + " . . . Nothing she does or _seems_, + But smacks of something greater than herself;" + +he says, ought to be: "Nothing she does or _says_." And how does MR. +COLLIER explain this misprint? Why, by stating that formerly "says" was +often written "saies." Now, I cannot for the life of me discover why the +word "saies" should have been mistaken for "seems," any more than the word +"says." But surely the phrase, "nothing she does or seems," is far more +poetical and elegant than the other. It says in effect: there is nothing +either in her acts or her carriage, "but smacks of something greater than +herself." We have positive evidence, however, that the passage could not +have been "nothing she does or says," viz. that this speech of Polixenes +immediately follows a long dialogue between Florizel and Perdita, which +could not have been overheard, because Camillo directly afterwards says to +the king: + + " . . . He tells her something, + That makes her blood look out." + +Thereby clearly proving, that the king could not have been remarking on +what _she said_. + +The transformation of the last-mentioned line into-- + + "That _wakes_ her blood--look out!" + +cannot, I think, be justified on any ground. He tells her something which +"makes her blood look out." That is, something which makes her blush rush +to the surface to look out upon it! What can be more natural? The proposed +alteration is not only unnecessary, but awkward! + +In p. 499., if the words "unbraided wares" must be altered, I see no reason +for the change to "_embroided_" wares. It seems to me that _embraided_ +would be the most proper word. + +What possible reason can there be for converting "force and knowledge," in +p. 506., to "sense and knowledge?" If I may be excused a play upon the +words, I should say the _sense_ of the passage is not at all improved, and +the _force_ is entirely lost. + +I must protest most decidedly against the correction of the following +lines, p. 507.: + + " . . . Can he speak? hear? + Know man from man? dispute his own estate?" + +Dispute his own estate means, _defend_ his property, dispute with any one +who questions his rights. The original passage expresses the sense quite +perfectly, while "dispose his own estate" appears to me poor and insipid in +comparison. + +MR. COLLIER'S objection to the speech of Camillo, in p. 514., + + " . . . it shall be so my care + To have you royally appointed, as if + The scene you play were mine;" + +is, that to make the scene appear as if it were Camillo's, could be of no +service to the young prince. Now Camillo says nothing about the scene +_appearing_ as his. He says he will have the prince royally appointed, as +if the scene he played _were_ really his own: that is, as if _he_ were the +party interested in it, instead of the prince. {97} + +The reading of the old corrector-- + + " . . . . As if + The scene you play were true," + +would be nonsense; because, so far as the prince appearing to be Bohemia's +son (which was what he was most anxious about), the scene to be played was +_really true_! + +The last correction I have now to notice is in the soliloquy of Autolycus +in p. 522.: where MR. COLLIER proposes to read, "who knows how that may +turn _luck_ to my advantage," instead of "may turn _back_ to my advantage." +I see no advantage in the change, but the very reverse. "Who knows but my +availing myself of the means to do the prince my master a service, may come +back to me in the shape of some advancement?" This seems to me to be the +author's meaning, and it is legitimately expressed. How frequently it has +been said that an evil deed recoils upon the head of the perpetrator! Then +why not a good deed _turn back_ to reward the doer? + +CECIL HARBOTTLE. + +P. S.--It is rather singular that A. E. B., who, as I have already shown, +has so completely _shelved_ me in his remarks upon "Aristotle's checks," +should now complain of the very same thing himself, and say that his +"humble auxilia have been coolly appropriated, without the slightest +acknowledgment." However, as our opinions coincide upon the passage in +question, I am not disposed to pick a quarrel with him. I cannot, however, +at all concur in his alteration of the passage in _King Lear_: "Our means +secure us," to "Our means _recuse_ us." I will certainly leave him "in the +quiet possession of whatever merit is due to this _restoration_," or rather +this invention! Can A. E. B. show any other instance in which Shakspeare +has used the verb _recuse_; or will he point out any other author who has +adopted it in the sense referred to? Johnson calls it a "juridical word:" +and I certainly have no recollection of having met with it, except in +judicial proceedings. + +I can neither subscribe to the emendation of A. E. B., nor to that of the +old commentator, but infinitely prefer the original words, which appear to +me perfectly intelligible. The sense, as it strikes me, is, that however we +may desire things which we have not, the _means_ we already possess are +sufficient for our security; and even our _defects_ prove serviceable. +Blindness, for instance, will make a man more careful of himself; and then +the other faculties he enjoys will secure him from harm. + +_"King Lear," Act IV. Sc. 1._-- + + "Our means secure us, and our mere defects + Prove our commodities." + +I should not object to your correspondent A. E. B.'s conjectural +emendation, "recuse" for "secure," but that, unless my memory and Ayscough +are both deceptive, the word "recuse" is nowhere to be found in Shakspeare; +nor, as far as I know, in any dramatist of the age. If it be used by any of +the latter, it is probably only in the strict legal meaning, which is quite +different from that which A. E. B. would attach to it. This is conclusive +with me; for I hold that there is no sounder canon in Shakspearian +criticism than never to introduce by conjecture a word of which the poet +does not himself elsewhere make use, or which is not at least strongly +sanctioned by contemporary employment. + +I therefore, as the passage is flat nonsense, return to the well-abused +"corrector's" much modester emendation, "wants" for "means." + +And now permit one word in defence of this deceased and untoward personage. + +I think much of the unpopularity into which he has fallen with a certain +class of critics, is owing to their not allowing him fair play. + +Suppose a MS. placed in our hands, containing, beyond all doubt, what MR. +COLLIER'S corrected second folio is alleged to contain, authoritative +emendations of the text: what should we, _à priori_, expect to find in it? + +That text is abominably corrupt beyond a doubt; it contains many impossible +readings, which must be misprints or otherwise erroneous; it contains also +many improbable readings, harsh, strained, mean, inadequate, and the like. + +Now it is excessively unlikely that a truly corrected copy, could we find +one, would remove all the impossible readings, and leave all the improbable +ones. + +It is still more unlikely that, in correcting the improbable passages, it +would leave those to which Mr. A., or Mr. B., or Mr. C., ay, or all of us +together, have formed an attachment from habit, predilection, or prejudice +of some kind. Such phrases as "the blanket of the dark," "a man that hath +had losses," "unthread the rude eye of rebellion," and many more, have +become consecrated in our eyes by habit; they have assumed, as it were, the +character of additions to our ordinary vocabulary; and yet I think sound +reason itself, and that kind of secondary reason or instinct which long +familiarity with critical pursuits gives us, combine to suggest that, +_occurring in a corrupt text_, they are probably corruptions; and +corruptions in lieu of some very common and even prosaic phrases, such as +the corrector substitutes for them, and such as no conjectural critic would +venture on. + +In short, the kind of disappointment which many of these corrections +unavoidably give to the reader, is with me an argument in favour of their +genuineness, not against it. + +And, lastly, in so very corrupt a text, it is _à priori_ probable that many +phrases which appear to need no correction at all, are misprints or {98} +mistakes nevertheless. It is probably that the true text of the poet +contained many variations utterly unimportant, as well as others of +importance, from the printed one. Now here it is precisely, that we find in +the corrector what we should anticipate, and what it is difficult to +account for on any theory disparaging his authority. What could have +induced him to make such substitutions as _swift_ for "sweet," _then_ for +"there," _all arose_ for "are arose," _solemn_ for "sorry," _fortune_ for +"nature," to quote from a single play, the _Comedy of Errors_, which +happens to lie before me,--none of them necessary emendations, most of them +trivial, unless he had under his eye some original containing those +variations, to which he wished his own copy to conform? It is surely wild +guessing to attribute corrections like these to a mere wanton itch for +altering the text; and yet no other alternative is suggested by the +corrector's enemies. + +I am myself as yet a sceptic in the matter, being very little disposed to +hasty credulity on such occasions, especially where there is a possibility +of deceit. But I must say that the doctrine of probabilities seems to me to +furnish strong arguments in the corrector's favour; and that the attacks of +professed Shakspearian critics on him, both in and out of "N. & Q.," have +hitherto rather tended to raise him in my estimation. + +H. M. + +_Aristotle's Checks v. Aristotle's Ethics._-- + + "Only, good master, while we do admire + This virtue, and this moral discipline, + Let's be no stoicks, nor no stocks, I pray; + Or so devote to Aristotle's _checks_, + As Ovid be an outcast quite abjur'd." + _Taming of the Shrew_, Act I. Sc. 1. + +The following are instances of the use of the substantive _check_ by +Shakspeare: + + "_Orlando._ A man that had a wife with such a wit, might say,--'Wit + whither wilt?' + "_Rosalind._ Nay, you might keep that _check_ for it, till you met your + wife's wit going to your neighbour's bed." + + "_Falstaff._ I never knew yet, but rebuke and _check_ was the reward of + valour." + + "_Antony._ This is a soldier's kiss; rebukable, + And worthy shameful _check_ it were to stand + On more mechanic compliment." + + "_Belarius._ . . . O, this life + Is nobler, than attending for a _check_." + + "_Iago._ However, this may gall him with some _check_. + + "_Desdemona._ And yet his trespass, in our common reason + . . . . is not almost a fault + To incur a private _check_." + +These instances may show that the word in question was a favourite +expression of the poet. It is true there was a translation of the Ethics of +Aristotle in his time, _The _Ethiques_ of Aristotle_. If he spelt it +_ethiques_, no printer would have blundered and substituted _checks_. + +Judge Blackstone suggested _ethicks_, but Johnson and Steevens kept to +_checks_. And Johnson, in his _Dictionary_, _sub voce_ Devote, quotes the +passage, but which, by a strange printer's misreading, is referred to +"_Tim._ of Ath." instead of _Tam. of Sh._ in Todd's edit. of _Johnson's +Dictionary_ (1818). + +W. N. + +Pall Mall. + + * * * * * + +EPITAPH AND MONUMENTS IN WINGFIELD CHURCH, SUFFOLK. + +I am not aware if the following epitaph has yet appeared in print; but I +can safely assert that it really has a sepulchral origin; unlike those +whose doubtful character causes them to be placed by your correspondent MR. +SHIRLEY HIBBERD among the "gigantic gooseberries" ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. +190.). I copied it myself from a gravestone in the churchyard of the +village of Wingfield, Suffolk. After the name, &c. of the deceased is the +following verse: + + "Pope boldly says (some think the maxim odd), + 'An honest man's the noblest work of God;' + If Pope's assertion be from error clear, + The noblest work of God lies buried here." + +Wingfield Church itself is an interesting old place, but has been a good +deal mauled in times past; and the brasses, of which there were once +several, are all gone. It is, I believe, a good deal noted for a parvise, +or room over the porch, from which, by an opening in the wall, a view of +the altar is obtained. There are two or three piscinas in different parts +of the church, and a sedilla near the altar. The most interesting objects +are, however, three altar tombs, with recumbent figures of the Earls of +Suffolk; the earliest, which is of wood, representing either the first or +second peer of the family, with his spouse. The next in date is that of the +celebrated noble who figures in Shakspeare's _Henry VI._ The monument is, +if I recollect right, of alabaster. The figure is attired in complete +armour, and was originally painted; a good deal of the colour still +remaining. This and the following monument are partly let into the wall, +and are surmounted by beautiful Gothic canopies. The third is, I believe, +also of alabaster, and is the effigy of (I think) the nephew of Margaret of +Anjou's earl, and who lies by the side of his wife, one of Edward IV.'s +family. + +It is very likely that all I have been writing is no news to any one. In +that case I have but to ask your pardon for troubling you with such a +worthless Note. + +PICTOR. + + * * * * * + +{99} + +ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS OF MALTA. + +In searching through the manuscripts now filed away in the Record Office of +this island with Dr. Villa, who has charge of them, and for whose +assistance in my search I am greatly indebted, I have been gratified by +seeing several original letters, addressed by different monarchs of England +to the Grand Masters of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Each of the +royal letters in the following list bears the signature of the writer: + + +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+ + |Writer. |Date. |In what |To whom addressed, | + | | |language |or by whom | + | | |written. |received. | + +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+ + |Henry VIII. |8th January, 1523 | Latin |Villiers de L'Isle Adam. | + |Ditto |1st August, 1524 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |14th January, 1526 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |10th day, 1526 | Ditto | Ditto. | + | |(month omitted) | | | + |Ditto |22nd November, 1530 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |17th November, 1534 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Charles II. |17th January, 1667-8 | Ditto |Nicholas Cotoner. | + |Ditto |29th April, 1668 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |26th January, 1675-6 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |Last day of November,| Ditto | Ditto. | + | |1674 | | | + |Ditto |21st June, 1675 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |James II. |13th July, 1689 |French |Gregory Carafa. | + |Anne |8th July, 1713 | Ditto |Raymond Perellos de | + | | | | Roccaful. | + |George I.* |24th August, 1722 | Latin |Anthony Manoel de | + | | | | Villena. | + |James (the |14th September, 1725 |French | Ditto. | + | Pretender) | | | | + |George II. |19th June, 1741 | Latin |Emanuel Pinto de | + | | | | Fonseca. | + |Ditto |8th December, 1748 | Ditto | Ditto. | + |Ditto |6th November, 1756 | Ditto | Ditto. | + +-------------+---------------------+---------+-------------------------+ + + * The letter of George I. is countersigned "Carteret;" those of George + II. by "Harrington," "H. Fox," and "Bedford." None of the other letters + in the above list bear any signature but that of the king or queen who + wrote them. Among the letters of Henry VIII., addressed to Villiers de + L'Isle Adam, there is one of much interest. I refer to that of the + earliest date, in which his majesty strongly recommended the Grand + Master to accept of Tripoli, on the coast of Barbary, and the islands + of Malta and Gozo, as a residence for the convent, which Charles V. had + offered him. The importance of Malta as a military station was known in + England three hundred years ago. L'Isle Adam (with the exception of La + Valetta), the most distinguished of all the Maltese Grand Masters, died + on the 21st of August, 1534. The last letter of Henry VIII., addressed + to him, came to his successor, Nicholas Cotoner. On the mantle which + covered the remains of this great man these few words were + inscribed,--"Here lies Virtue triumphant over Misfortune."] + +Intending in a short time to examine these royal letters more closely, and +hoping to refer to them again in "N.& Q.," I refrain from writing more at +length on the present occasion. + +W. W. + +La Valetta, Malta. + +P.S.--Perhaps the following chronological table, referring to the Maltese +Grand Masters who are mentioned in the above Note, may not be uninteresting +to the readers of "N. & Q.": + + +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+ + |Name. |When elected. |When deceased at Malta.| + +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+ + |Villiers de L'Isle Adam |At Rhodes, 1521 |1534, 21st of August. | + |Nicholas Cotoner |At Malta, 1663 |1680. | + |Gregory Carafa | Ditto 1680 |1690. | + |Raymond Perellos | Ditto 1697 |1720. | + |Anthony Manoel de Villena| Ditto 1722 |1736. | + |Emanuel Pinto de Fonseca | Ditto 1741 |1773. | + +-------------------------+----------------+-----------------------+ + + + + * * * * * + + +{100} + +Minor Notes. + +_Meaning of "Clipper."_--I have more than once been asked the meaning and +derivation of the term _clipper_, which has been so much in vogue for some +years past. It is now quite a nautical term, at least among the fresh-water +sailors: and we find it most frequently applied to yachts, steamers, +fast-sailing merchant vessels, &c. And in addition to the colloquial use of +the word, so common in praising the appearance or qualities of a vessel, it +has become one quite recognised in the official description given of their +ships by merchants, &c. Thus we often see an advertisement headed "the +well-known clipper ship," "the noted clipper bark," and so forth. This use +of the word, however, and its application to _vessels_, is somewhat wide of +the original. + +The word in former times meant merely a hackney, or horse adapted for the +road. The owners of such animals naturally valued them in proportion to +their capabilities for such service, among which great speed in trotting +was considered one of the chief: fast trotting horses were eagerly sought +after, and trials of speed became the fashion. A horse then, which was +pre-eminent in this particular, was termed a _clipper_, _i.e._ a _hackney, +par excellence_. + +The original of the term is perhaps the following: _Klepper-lehn_ was a +feudal tenure, so termed among the old Germans, where the yearly due from +the vassal to the lord was a _klepper_, or, in its stead, so many bushels +of oats: and the word _klepper_, or _kleopper_, is explained by Haltaus. +_Glos. Germ. Med. Ĉvi_, 1758: + + "Equus qui corripit gradum, et gressus duplicat. Nomen habet a celeri + correptorum passuum sonitu." + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Anathema, Maran-atha._--Perhaps the following observation on these words +may be as instructive to some of the readers of "N. & Q." as it was to me. +Maran-atha means "The Lord cometh," and is used apparently by St. Paul as a +kind of motto: compare [Greek: ho kurios engus], Phil. iv. 5. The Greek +word has become blended with the Hebrew phrase, and the compound used as a +formula of execration. (See Conybeare and Howson's _Life and Epistles of +St. Paul_, p. 64., note 4.) + +F. W. J. + +_Convocation and the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign +Parts._-- + + "When the committee I have mentioned was appointed, March 13, 1700, to + consider what might be done towards _propagating the Christian Religion + as professed in the Church of England in our Foreign Plantations_; and + the committee, composed of very venerable and experienced men, well + suited for such an inquiry, had sat several times at St. Paul's, and + made some progress in the business referred to them, a charter was + presently procured to place the consideration of that matter in other + hands, where it now remains, and will, we hope, produce excellent + fruits. But whatever they are, they must be acknowledged to have sprung + from the overtures to that purpose first made by the lower house of + Convocation."--_Some Proceedings in the Convocation of 1705 faithfully + represented_, p. 10. of Preface. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Pigs said to see the Wind._--In _Hudibras_, Independant says to Presbyter: + + "You stole from the beggars all your tones, + And gifted mortifying groans; + Had lights when better eyes were blind, + _As pigs are said to see the wind_."--Pt. 3. c. ii. l. 1105. + +That most delightful of editors, Dr. Zachary Grey, with all his +multifarious learning, leaves us here in the lurch for once with a simple +reference to "Hudibras at Court," _Posthumous Works_, p. 213. + +Is this phrase merely an hyperbolic way of saying that pigs are very +sharp-sighted, or is it an actual piece of folk-lore expressing a belief +that pies have the privilege of seeing "the viewless wind?" I am inclined +to take the latter view. Under the head of "Superstitions," in Hone's +_Year-Book_ for Feb. 29, 1831, we find: + + "Among common sayings at present are these, _that pigs can see the + wind_," &c. + +The version I have always heard of it is-- + + "Pigs can see the wind 'tis said, + And it seemeth to them _red_." + +EIRIONNACH. + +_Anecdote of the Duke of Gloucester._--Looking through some of the +Commonwealth journals, I met with a capital _mot_ of this spirited little +Stuart. + + "It is reported that the titular Duke of Gloucester, being informed + that the Dutch fleet was about the Isle of Wight, he was asked to which + side he stood most addicted. The young man, apprehending that his + livelihood depended on the parliament, and that it might be an art to + circumvent him, turning to the governor, demanded of him how he did + construe 'Quamdiu se bene gesserit.'"--_Weekly Intelligencer._ + +SPERIEND. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +LORD WILLIAM RUSSELL. + +Can any of your correspondents inform me where the virtuous and patriotic +William Lord Russell was buried? It is singular that neither Burnet, who +attended him to the scaffold, nor his descendant Lord John Russell in +writing his life, nor Collins's _Peerage_, nor the accounts and letters of +his admirable widow, make any allusion to his {101} remains. At last I +found, in the _State Trials_, vol. ix. p. 684., that after the executioner +had held up the head to the people, "Mr. Sheriff ordered his Lordship's +friends or servants to take the body and dispose of it as they pleased, +being given them by His Majesty's favour." Probably, therefore, it was +buried at Cheneys; but it is worth a Query to ascertain the fact. + +My attention was drawn to this omission by the discovery of the decapitated +man found at Nuneham Regis ("N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 386.), and from +observing that the then proprietor of the place appears to have been +half-sister to Lady Russell, viz. daughter of the fourth Lord Southampton, +by his second wife Frances, heiress of the Leighs, Lords Dunsmore, and the +last of whom was created Earl of Chichester. But a little inquiry satisfied +me this could not have been Lord Russell's body; among other reasons, +because it was very improbable he should be interred at Nuneham, and +because the incognito body had a peaked beard, whereas the prints from the +picture at Woburn represent Lord Russell, according to the fashion of the +time, without a beard. + +But who then was the decapitated man? He was evidently an offender of +consequence, from his having been beheaded, and from the careful embalming +and the three coffins in which his remains were inclosed. The only +conjecture I see hazarded in your pages is that of MR. HESLEDEN (Vol. vi., +p. 488.), who suggests Monmouth; but he has overlooked the fact stated in +the original communication of L. M. M. R., that Nuneham only came into the +possession of the Buccleuch family through the Montagues, _i.e._ by the +marriage of Henry, third Duke of Buccleuch, to Lady Elizabeth Montagu; the +present proprietor, Lord John Scott, being their grandson. This marriage +took place in 1767, or eighty-two years after Monmouth's execution, and +thirty-three years after the death of his widow, the Duchess of Buccleuch +and Monmouth, who is supposed to have caused the body to be removed from +Tower Hill. + +Notwithstanding the failure of heirs male in three noble families within +the century, viz. the Leighs, the Wriothesleys, and the Montagus, the +present proprietor is their direct descendant, and there are indications in +the letter referred to, that the place of interment of his ancestors, as +well as of this singular unknown, will no longer be abandoned to be a +depository of farm rubbish. + +W. L. M. + + * * * * * + +ANCIENT FURNITURE--PRIE-DIEU. + +Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." will be able to give me some +information as to the use of an ancient piece of furniture which I have met +with. At Codrington, a small village in Gloucestershire, in the old house +once the residence of the family of that name, now a farm-house, they show +you in the hall a piece of furniture which was brought there from the +chapel when that part of the building was turned into a dairy. It is a +cupboard, forming the upper part of a five-sided structure, which has a +base projecting equally with the top, which itself hangs over a hollow +between the cupboard and the base, and is finished off with pendants below +the cupboard. The panel which forms the door of the cupboard is wider than +the sides. All the panels are carved with sacred emblems; the vine, the +instruments of the Passion, the five wounds, the crucifix, the Virgin and +child, and a shield, with an oak tree with acorns, surmounted by the papal +tiara and the keys. The dimensions are as follows: + +Depth from front to back, 2 feet 4½ inches. + +Height, 4 feet 8 inches. + +Height of cupboard from slab to pendants, 2 feet 6 inches. + +Height of base, 9½ inches. + +Width of side panels, 1 foot 8 inches; of centre panel, 1 foot 10½ inches. + +Width of the door of the cupboard, 1 foot 5 inches. + +The door has carved upon it a scene representing two men, one an old man +sitting upon a chair, the other a young one falling back from a stool; a +table separates them and in the next compartment (for an arcade runs +through the group) a female figure clasps her hands, as if in astonishment. +This I can hardly understand. But the panel with the papal ensigns I think +may throw some light on the use of the whole. In the year 1429, John +Codrington of Codrington obtained a bull from Pope Martin V. to have a +portable altar in his house, to have mass celebrated when and where he +pleased. I find that such a portable altar ought to have "a suitable frame +of wood whereon to set it." Such altars are frequently mentioned, though I +believe very few remain; but I never could hear of the existence of +anything to show what the frame would be. It occurs to me as possible that +this piece of furniture may have been used for the purpose. The whole +question of portable altars is an interesting one, and if this account +should by the means of "N. & Q." fall into the hands of any one who is +acquainted with the subject, I hope he would consider it worth a +communication. + +For some time I was at a loss for another instance; however, I have just +received from a friend, who took interest in the subject, a sketch of +something almost identical from the disused chapel at Chillon in the Canton +Vaud. Of this I have not the measurements, but it stands about breast-high. +It is there called a "prie-dieu," and is said to have belonged to the Dukes +of Savoy, but the size is very unusual for such a use. I send sketches of +each of the subjects of my Query, {102} and hope that, if this should be +thought worthy of a place in "N. & Q.," some one will be able and willing +to afford some information about them. I would add as a farther Query, the +question of the meaning of the battle-axe and pansy, which appear on the +"prie-dieu" at Chillon. Is it a known badge of the Savoy family? + +R. H. C. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Reynolds' Nephew._--In the Correspondence of David Garrick, vol. i. pp. +664. 658., 4to., 1831, there are letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds regarding a +play written by his nephew. Can you tell me whether this was the Rev. Mr. +Palmer, minister of the Temple Church, and who was afterwards Dean of +Gashel; or had Sir Joshua any other nephew? The letters are dated 1774, and +the author appears to have been resident in London about that time. + +A. Z. + +_Sir Isaac Newton._--Which is the passage in Newton's _Optics_ to which +Flamsteed refers, in his account of the altercation between them, as having +given occasion to some of the enemies of the former to tax him with +Atheism? and is there any evidence, besides what this passage may afford, +in favour of Dr. Johnson's assertion, that Newton _set out_ as an infidel? +(Boswell, July 28, 1763.) The _Optics_ were not published till 1704, but +had been composed many years previously. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Limerick, Dublin, and Cork._--Can any of your Irish or other +correspondents inform me to whom we are indebted for the lines-- + + "Limerick was, Dublin is, and Cork shall be, + The finest city of the three"? + +Also, in what respect Limerick was formerly superior to Dublin? + +N. + +Dublin. + +_Praying to the West._--A friend of mine told me that a Highland woman in +Strathconan, wishing to say that her mother-in-law prayed for my friend +daily, said: "She holds up her hands to the _West_ for you every day." If +to the _East_ it would have been more intelligible; but why to the West? + +L. M. M. R. + +_Mulciber._--Who was Mulciber, immortalised (!) in Garth's _Dispensary_ +(ed. 1699, p. 65.) as "the Mayor Bromicham?" My copy contains on the +fly-leaf a MS. key to all the names save this. + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_Captain Booth of Stockport_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--As yet, no reply to this +Query has been elicited; but as it is a subject of some interest to both +Lancashire and Cheshire men, I should like to ascertain from JAYTEE in what +collection he met with the MS. copy of Captain Booth's _Ordinary of Arms_? +Its existence does not appear to have been known to any of our Cheshire or +Lancashire historians; for in none of their works do I find any mention of +such an individual as Capt. Booth of Stockport. Sir Peter Leycester, in his +_Antiquities of Bucklow Hundred_, Cheshire, repeatedly acknowledges the +assistance rendered him by John Booth of Twanbow's _Book of Pedigrees_; but +this gentleman appears merely to have collected for Cheshire, and not for +Lancashire. Sir George Booth, afterwards Lord Delamere, is the only +_Captain_ Booth I have met with in my limited sphere of historical +research; and I am not aware that he ever indulged much in genealogical +study. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +"_A saint in crape._"-- + + "A saint in crepe is twice a saint in lawn." + +Whence this line? + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + +_French Abbés._--What was the precise ecclesiastical and social _status_ of +a French Abbé before the Revolution? + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_What Day is it at our Antipodes?_--Perhaps you can give me a satisfactory +answer to the following question, a reply to which I have not yet been able +to procure. + +I write this at 11 p.m. on Tuesday, July 12; at our Antipodes it is, of +course, 11 a.m.: but is it 11 a.m. on Tuesday, July 12, or on Wednesday, +July 13? And whichever it is, what is the reason for its being so? for it +seems to me that the solution of the question must be perfectly arbitrary. + +H. + +"_Spendthrift._"--In Lord John Russell's _Memorials of Charles James Fox_, +vol. i. p. 43., there is a letter addressed to Mr. Richard Fitzpatrick, in +which Mr. Fox asks "if he was in England when Lord Carlisle's _Spendthrift_ +came out." And at the foot of the same page there is a note in which it is +stated that this "was probably some periodical paper of 1767." + +My object in writing the above is for the purpose of asking what +publication the _Spendthrift_ really was, and where it can be purchased or +seen? + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Second Growth of Grass._--The second growth of grass is known by different +names in different localities. In some it is called _fog_, in others +_after-math_ and _after-grass_. The former name is common about Uxbridge, +and the latter about Stoke Pogis, in Buckinghamshire. In Hertfordshire it +is {103} called _hugga-mabuff_; I am not certain that this is the correct +spelling of the name, never having seen it either in writing or print. In +Leicestershire and Cambridgeshire the name _eddish_ prevails, I am told, +and hence _eddish cheese_, made from the milk of cows which have grazed +_eddish_. Can any of your correspondents add to the above names, or throw a +light upon their origin? + +R. W. F. + +Bath. + +_The Laird of Brodie._--Can any of your correspondents explain what James +V. of Scotland means in his celebrated ballad when he says: + + "I thocht you were a gentleman, + At least the Laird of Brodie." + +According to the literal meaning, it would seem that the Laird of Brodie +was something less than a gentleman? Could his majesty intend to satirise +the alleged royal descent of Brodie from Bruidhie, the son of Billi, king +of the Picts (see James' _Critical Essay_), by insinuating that the "Picts" +and their descendants were not entitled to be ranked as "Generosi?" + +I. H. B. + +_Mrs. Tighe, Author of "Psyche."_--There is a monument in Inistioge +churchyard, co. Kilkenny, to the memory of the authoress of that beautiful +poem _Psyche_, Mrs. Mary Tighe, with a statue of her, said to be by +Flaxman, which statement, as to its being from the chisel of that +celebrated sculptor, I have seen contradicted. She was the daughter of the +Rev. W. Blackford, and married Mr. Henry Tighe of Woodstock, Ireland, in +1793. The inscription, which, I believe, is in existence, was not added to +the monument in 1845. Can any of your correspondents favour me with a copy +of it? and was the statue by Flaxman? Is there any authentic memoir of this +delightful poetess? When did her husband Mr. Tighe die? He is said to have +survived his lady, who died in 1810, but a short time; and that he was the +author of a _History of the County of Kilkenny_. I believe it was on +visiting the churchyard of Inistioge that Mrs. Hemans wrote "The Grave of a +Poetess." She is said to have been very beautiful. Is there any other +engraved portrait of her in existence beside the one annexed to the several +editions of her poems? Any particulars relating to this lady or her husband +will be esteemed by + +T. B. WHITBORNE. + +_Bishop Ferrar._--Was the Bishop Ferrar (or Farrar), the martyr who +suffered during the reign of Mary, of the same family as Ferrers (or +Ferrars) earl of Derby and Nottingham, in the reign of Henry III.? + +A CONSTANT READER. + +_Sir Thomas de Longueville._--In the year 1753, a Sir Thomas de +Longueville, baronet, was a lieutenant in his Majesty's fleet, and his +commission bore date 3rd June, 1719. I should be glad if any of your +correspondents could inform me if he was a descendant of the De +Longueville, the second _Fides Achates_ of Scotland's "ill-requited chief." +The real Sir Thomas de Longueville reposes in the churchyard of Bourtie, in +the county of Aberdeen. Bourtie is a parish fraught with historic +recollections. On the hill of Barra, within a mile of the parish church, +Bruce at once and for ever put a period to the sway and power of the +Cuming. I should be glad to learn if any of the descendants of the +_Lieutenant_ Longueville still survive, and if he was any descendant of the +favorite "De Longueville" of the olden time. + +ABREDONENSIS. + +_Quotations wanted._-- + + (1.) "Never ending, still beginning." + + (2.) "Chew the bitter cud of disappointment." + +Whence? + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Symon Patrick, Bishop of Ely--Durham--Weston--Jephson._--In a small +autobiography of Symon Patrick, the bishop's wife is stated to have been +_Penelope Jephson_, grandchild of Lady Durham of Borstall. Can any of your +readers inform me who this Lady Durham was? + +Penelope Jephson was daughter of Sir Cornelius (?) Jephson, I suppose of +Mallow in Ireland. + +One of Bishop Patrick's granddaughters, Penelope, married Edward Weston, +Under-Secretary of State, of Corkenhatch (Herts?). Query, Who was he, and +are there any descendants of this marriage? + +K. G. + +_The Heveninghams of Suffolk and Norfolk._--This ancient family traces its +pedigree through twenty-five knights in succession to Galtir Heveninghame, +who lived when Canute was king of England, ann. 1020. (See Harleian MSS. +1449. fol. 91 b.; and Southey's _Doctor_, &c.) + +From one of those knights, Sir John Hevenyngham (ob. 1536), descended a +collateral branch, represented by Walter Heveningham of Pipe Hall and Aston +estates, Staffordshire (1562), who married Annela, daughter of Fitzherbert +the Judge. His eldest son was Nicholas, who married Eliza, daughter of Sir +John Beevor; and the eldest son of the last-named was Sir Walter +Heveningham (1612, ob. 1691). + +Now I should feel greatly obliged to any of your readers if, from any of +the published or written documents relating to the county of Stafford, or +from any other source, they could favour me with answers to the following +Queries: + +1. Whom did Sir Walter Heveningham marry? His second son married the widow +of Sir Edward Simeon, Bart.; but + +2. What was the name of Sir Walter's eldest son, and whom did he marry? The +issue of this {104} latter marriage was Charles Heveningham of Lichfield +(ob. 1782), who married a daughter of Robinson of Appleby, and John +Heveningham. + +A CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK. + +_Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of +March)._--Upon what authority does Miss Strickland say (_Lives of the +Queens of England_, vol. iv. p. 300.) that it is stated "by all ancient +heralds" that this lady died without issue? What herald can say this +without bastardising the second Earl of Northumberland? This assertion is a +very sweeping one, and I have sought in vain for the statement said to be +made by all heralds. + +G. + +_Shape of Coffins._--It would be interesting to ascertain in what +localities any peculiar form of coffin is used? + +In Devonshire, particularly among the farmers and poorer classes, the +_ridged_ coffin is very general, the end being gabled. The top, instead of +being flat with one board, is made of two boards, like the double roof of a +house; in other respects the shape is of the common form. The idea is, that +such coffins resist much longer the weight of the superincumbent earth; but +there can be no doubt that it is a very ancient shape. Many years ago I +heard that in some parish in this county the coffin was shaped like a +flat-bottomed boat; the boat shape is known to have been an old form. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +Clyst St. George. + +_St. George Family Pictures._--In Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, vol. iii. +p. 77., it is mentioned, with reference to the estate of Hatley St. George, +in county of Cambridge, that, at the sale of the house in 1782, "The family +pictures were removed to Mr. Pearce's house at Cople, Bedford." Can any one +tell me if the family pictures here spoken of were those of the St. George +family (which inhabited the house for six hundred years); and if so, what +has become of them? + +R. A. S. O. + +Ceylon, June 11, 1853. + +_Caley (John), "Ecclesiastical Survey of the Possessions, &c. of the Bishop +of St. David's," 8vo. 1812._--The above is said, in a bookseller's +catalogue, to be privately printed. It is unknown to the bishop of the +diocese and Mr. Black. Can any of your readers give any information about +it? + +JOHN MARTIN. + +Froxfield. + +_Adamson's "Lusitania Illustrata."_--Is there any prospect of Mr. Adamson +continuing his _Lusitania Illustrata_? Could that accomplished Portuguese +student kindly inform me if there is any better insight into Portuguese +literature than that contained in Bouterweck's _Geschichte der Poesie und +Beredsamkeit_? + +W. M. M. + +_Blotting-paper._--When did blotting-paper first come into use. Carlyle, in +his _Life of Cromwell_, twice repeats that it was not known in those days. +Is not this a mistake? I have a piece which I am able to refer to 1670. + +SPERIEND. + +_Poetical Versions of the Fragments in Athenĉus._--Can any of your +correspondents inform me of the locus of any of these, in addition to +_Blackwood_, xxxvi., and _Fraser's Magazine_? + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +ROBERT DRURY. + +(Vol. v., p. 533.; Vol. vii., p. 485.) + +Under the conviction that Robert Drury was a real character, and his +_Madagascar_ a true narrative of his shipwreck, sufferings, and captivity, +I crave your permission to give a few additional reasons why I think he +should be discharged from the fictitious, and admitted into the catalogue +of real and _bonâ fide_ English travellers. + +I have before stated that Drury did not skulk in the background when he +published his book in 1727; but, on the contrary, invited the public to +Tom's Coffee-house, where he engaged to satisfy the incredulous, and +resolve the doubting. By the 3rd edition of _Madagascar_, 1743, it farther +appears that he continued "for some years before his death" to resort to +the above-named house; "at which place several inquisitive gentlemen +received from his own mouth the confirmation of those particulars which +seemed dubious, or carried with them the air of romance." The period was +certainly unpropitious for any but a writer of fiction, and Drury seems to +have anticipated no higher rank for his _Treatise_, in point of +authenticity, than that occupied by the several members of the Robinson +Crusoe school. He, however, positively affirms it to be "a plain honest +narrative of the matter of fact;" which is endorsed in the following terms +by "Capt. William Mackett:" + + "This is to certify, that Robert Drury, fifteen years a slave in + Madagascar, now living in London, was redeemed from thence and brought + into England, his native country, by myself. I esteem him an honest + industrious man, of good reputation, and do firmly believe that the + account he gives of his strange and surprising adventures is genuine + and authentic." + +Mackett was a commander in the E. I. Comp. service; and the condenser of +Drury's MSS., after showing the opportunities the Captain had of assuring +himself upon the points he certifies to, characterises him as a well-known +person, of the highest integrity and honour: a man, indeed, as unlikely to +be imposed upon, as to be guilty of lending himself to others, to carry out +a deception upon the public. {105} + +Mr. Burton, in his lately published "Narratives," points out another source +of information regarding Drury, in the _Gent. Mag._ for 1769, where will be +found an account of W. Benbow; in this, allusion is made to his brother +John Benbow, who was wrecked with Drury in the "Degrave" Indiaman, on +Madagascar. W. D., who communicates the information to SYLVANUS URBAN, +asserts that he recollects hearing the MS. Journal of this John Benbow +read; and that it afforded to his mind a strong confirmation of the +truthfulness of Drury's _Madagascar_. He adds the following curious +particulars anent our subject:--"Robin Drury," he says, "among those who +knew him (and he was known to many, being _a porter at the East India +House_), had the character of a downright honest man, without any +appearance of fraud or imposture. He was known to a friend of mine (now +living), who frequently called upon him at his house in Lincoln's Inn +Fields, which were not then enclosed. He tells me he has often seen him +throw a javelin there, and strike a small mark at a surprising distance. It +is a pity," he adds, "that this work of Drury's is not better known, and a +new edition published[1] (it having been long out of print); as it contains +much more particular and authentic accounts of that large and barbarous +island, than any yet given; and, though it is true, it is in many respects +as entertaining as Gulliver or Crusoe." + +It may farther be mentioned that the French, who have a good acquaintance +with Madagascar, "have found Drury's statement of the geography, the +natural history, the manners of the people, and the conspicuous men of the +time, in Madagascar, remarkably accurate." (_Bib. Gén. des Voyages_, Paris, +1808.) Archdeacon Wrangham says: "Duncombe (?) calls Drury's _Madagascar_ +the best and most genuine account ever given of the island;" and the +missionary Ellis quoted Drury without the slightest suspicion that any +doubt hangs over the genuineness of his narrative. Drury's account of +himself runs thus:--"I, Robert Drury," he says, when commencing his book, +"was born on July 24, 1687, in Crutched Friars, London, where my father +then lived; but soon after removed to the Old Jury, near Cheapside, where +he was well known, and esteemed for keeping that noted house called 'The +King's Head,' or otherwise distinguished by the name of the Beef-stake +House; and to which there was all my father's time a great resort of +merchants, and gentlemen of the best rank and character." To this famous +resort of the Revolutionary and Augustan ages I lately betook myself for +_my stake_, in the hope that _mine host_ might be found redolent of the +traditional glory of his house. But alas! that worthy, although firmly +believing in the antiquity of the King's Head, and of there being _some +book_ in existence that would prove it, could not say of his own knowledge +whether the king originally complimented by his predecessor was Harry the +Eighth or George the Fourth! + +In conclusion, I would just add, is not the circumstance of our subject +holding the humble post of porter at the East India House confirmatory of +that part of his story which represents him as one of the crew of Hon. +Company's ship "Degrave," whose wreck upon Madagascar I take to be an +undoubted fact? What so probable as this recognition, in a small provision +for a man in his old age, whose misfortunes commenced while in their +service? Finally, to me the whole narrative of Robert Drury seems so +probable, and so well vouched for, that I have given in my adhesion thereto +by removing him to a _higher shelf_ in my library than that occupied by +such apocryphal persons as Crusoe, Quarle, Boyle, Falconer, and a host of +the like. + +J. O. + +[Footnote 1: The editions of _Madagascar_ known to me are those of 1727, +1731, and 1743, by the original publisher, Meadows, Hull, 1807, and London, +1826.] + + * * * * * + +THE TERMINATION -BY. + +(Vol. vii., p. 536.) + +I would suggest a doubt, whether the suffix _-by_, in the names of places, +affords us any satisfactory evidence, _per se_, of their exclusively Danish +origin. This termination is of no unfrequent occurrence in districts, both +in this country and elsewhere, to which the Danes, _properly so called_, +were either utter strangers, or wherein they at no time established any +permanent footing. The truth is, there seems to be a fallacy in this Danish +theory, in so far as it rests upon the testimony of language; for, upon +investigation, we generally find that the word or phrase adduced in its +support was one recognised, not in any single territory alone, but +throughout the whole of Scandinavia, whose different tribes, amid some +trifling variations of dialect, which can now be scarcely ascertained, were +all of them as readily intelligible to one another as are, at this day, the +inhabitants of two adjoining English counties. If this were so, it appears +that, in the case before us, nothing can be proved from the existence of +the expression, beyond the fact of its _Norse_ origin; and our reasonable +and natural course is, if we would arrive at its true signification, to +refer at once to the parent tongue of the Scandinavian nations, spoken in +common, and during a long-continued period, amid the snows of distant +Iceland, on the mountains of Norway, the plains of Denmark, and in the +forests of Sweden. + +This ancient and widely-diffused language was the Icelandic, Norman, or +Dönsk tunga,--that in which were written the Eddas and Skálda, the {106} +Njála and Heimskringla. In it we have the suffix _by_, under the forms of +the verbs _ek bŭ_, _ek bió_, or _at búa_, and _ek byggi_ or _byggia_, +manere, habitare, incolere, struere, edificare; also the nouns _bú_ +(Ang.-Sax. _bŭ_, Dan. _bo_, _by_), domus, habitaculum; and _búi_, incola, +colonus, vicinus; closely assimilated expressions all of them, in which the +roots are found of our English words _bide_, _abide_, _be_, _by_ (denoting +proximity), _build_, _borough_, _bury_ (Edmondsbury), _barrow_, _byre_, +_bower_, _abode_, _&c._ Now, these explanations undoubtedly confirm the +interpretation assigned by MR. E. S. TAYLOR to his terminating syllable; +and it is probable enough that the villages to which he refers received +their titles from the Danes, who, we know, on the subjugation of its former +inhabitants, possessed themselves of the country in which they are +situated. This, however, is a begging the question; for, resting simply on +the evidence of the suffix, it is equally probable that these places +preserved the names assigned to them by their former northern colonists. +But our _bŭ_ or _búa_, Ang.-Sax. _bugan_ and _beón_, and the Germ. (ich) +_bin_ and _bauen_, have all been referred by learned philologists to the +Greek [Greek: phuô], or to [Greek: bioô], or to [Greek: pauô, pauomai]; and +the word has affinities scattered throughout numerous languages (there are +the Camb.-Brit. _bydio_, habitare, and _byw_, vivere, for instance), so +that we are surrounded by difficulties, if we attempt to establish from its +use any such point as that involved in your correspondent's Query. + +COWGILL. + + * * * * * + +THE ROSICRUCIANS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 619.) + +When Pope, in dedicating his _Rape of the Lock_ to Mrs. Arabella Fermor, +was desirous of putting within the reach of that lady the information which +MR. E. S. TAYLOR has sought through your pages, he wrote: + + "The _Rosicrucians_ are a people that I must bring you acquainted with. + The best account of them I know is in a French book called _Le Compte + de Gabalis_, which, both in its title and size, is so like a novel, + that many of the fair sex have read it for one by + mistake."--_Dedicatory Letter to the Rape of the Lock._ + +This celebrated work was written by the Abbé Montfaucon de Villars, and +published in 1670. "C'est une partie (says Voltaire, _Siècle de Louis +XIV._) de l'ancienne mythologie des Perses. L'auteur fut tué en 1675 d'un +coup de pistolet. On dit que les sylphes l'avaient assassiné pour avoir +révélé leurs mystères." In 1680, an English translation appeared (_penes +me_), entitled: + + "The Count of Gabalis; or the Extravagant Mysteries of the Cabalists, + exposed in Five Pleasant Discourses on the Secret Sciences. Done into + English by P. A. (Peter Ayres), Gent., with short Animadversions. + London printed for B. M., printer to the Royal Society of the Sages at + the Signe of the Rosy Crusian." + +The original French work went through several editions: my own copy bears +the imprint of _Amsterdam_, 1715, and has appended to it _La Suite du +Compte de Gabalis, ou Entretiens sur les Sciences secrètes, touchant la +nouvelle Philosophie_," &c. + +So much in deference to Pope,--whose only object, however, was to make Mrs. +Fermor acquainted with so much of Rosicrucianism as was necessary to the +comprehension of the machinery of his poem. MR. E. S. TAYLOR must go +farther afield if he is desirous of "earning the _vere adeptus_," and +becoming, like Butler's _Ralpho_-- + + For MYSTIC LEARNING wondrous able, + In magic _Talisman_ and _Cabal_, + Whose primitive tradition reaches + As far as ADAM'S first green breeches; + Deep-sighted in INTELLIGENCES, + IDEAS, ATOMS, INFLUENCES; + And much of TERRA-INCOGNITA, + Th' intelligible world could say; + A deep OCCULT PHILOSOPHER, + As learned as the wild Irish are, + Or SIR AGRIPPA; for profound + And solid lying much renowned. + He ANTHROPOSOPHUS and FLUDD, + And JACOB BEHMEN understood; + Knew many an amulet and charm, + That would do neither good nor harm; + In ROSY-CRUCIAN lore as learned + As he that _vere adeptus_ earned." + _Hudibras_, Part i. Canto 1. + +These lines enumerate, in a scarcely satirical form, the objects and +results of a study of _Rosicrucianism_, in so far as it differs from that +of alchemy and the occult sciences. The history of the _Rosicrucians_,--or +rather the inquiry as to whether actually existed at any time such a +college or brotherhood, and, if so, to what degree of antiquity can it lay +claim,--forms another and, perhaps, somewhat more profitable subject of +attention. This question, however, having been fully discussed elsewhere, I +will conclude by a _catalogue raisonné_ of such books and essays (the most +important of which are readily obtainable) as will enable your +correspondent to acquire for himself the information he seeks. + + Allgemeine und General Reformation der ganzen weiten Welt, beneben der + Fama Fraternitatis, oder Enstehung der Brüderschaft des löblichen + Ordens des _Rosenkreutzes_, &c. 8vo. Cassel, 1614. [Ascribed to John + Valentine Andrea. In this pamphlet occurs the _first_ mention of the + society; no allusion being made to it in the works of Bacon, + Paracelsus, Agrippa, &c. It was republished at Frankfort in 1617 under + a somewhat different title. Appended to it is a tract entitled + "Sendbrieff, oder Bericht an Alle welche von den _neuen_ Brüderschafft + des Ordens von _Rosen-Creutz_ genannt etwas gelesen," &c. This work + contains a full account of the origin and tenets of the brotherhood, + {107} and is the source whence modern writers have drawn their + information. It called into existence a host of pamphlets for and + against the very existence and tenets of the society.] + + Histoire de la Philosophie Hermétique, accompagnée d'un Catalogue + raisonné des Ecrivains de cette Science, par l'Abbé Lenglet du Fresnoy. + 3 vols. 12mo. Paris, 1742. + + Theomagia, or the Temple of Wisdom, containing the Occult Powers of the + Angels of Astromancy in the Telesmatical Sculpture of the Persians and + Ĉgyptians; the knowledge of the _Rosie-Crucian_ Physick, and the + Miraculous in Nature, &c., by John Heydon. 8vo. 1664. [The works of + this enthusiast are extremely curious and rare. He is also the author + of the following.] + + The Wiseman's Crowne, or the Glory of the _Rosie-Cross_, &c.; with the + Regie Lucis, and Holy Household of _Rosie-Crucian_ Philosophers. 8vo. + 1664. + + Elhavarevna, or the English Physitian's Tutor in the Astrabolismes of + Mettals _Rosie-Crucian_, Miraculous Sapphiric Medicines of the Sun and + Moon, &c., all Harmoniously United, and Operated by Astromancy and + Geomancy, in so Easie a Method that a Fine Lady may practise and + compleat Incredible, Extraordinary Telesmes (and read her Gallant's + devices without disturbing her fancy), and cure all Diseases in Yong + and Old, whereunto is added Psonthonphancia, &c. 8vo. 1665. + + Dictionnaire Infernal; ou Répertoire des Etres, Apparitions de la + Magique, des Sciences occultes, Impostures, &c., par Collin de Plancy. + 8vo. Paris, 1844. + +To render this list more complete, a great number may be added, the titles +of which will be found in the following essays, from which much information +on the subject will be gained:-- + + New Curiosities of Literature. By George Soane, B.A. 2 vols. 8vo. + London, 1849. [In vol. ii. p. 135. is an able and interesting essay + entitled "_Rosicrucianism and Freemasonry_," in which the author, with + considerable success, endeavours to show that _Rosicrucianism_ had no + existence before the sixteenth century, and is a mere elaboration of + Paracelsian doctrines: and that _Freemasonry_ is nothing more than an + offspring from it, and has, consequently, no claim to the antiquity of + which it boasts.] + + Swift's Tale of a Tub. [In Section X. of this wonderful book will be + found a caustic piece of satire on the futility of the _Rosicrucian_ + philosophy.] + + Butler's Hudibras. [Grey's notes to part I., _passim._] + + Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. By Charles Mackay, LL.D. 2 + vols. 8vo. [In the section devoted to the _Alchymists_, is a carefully + compiled account of the _Rosicrucians_.] + + Chambers's Papers for the People, No. 33., vol. v., "Secret Societies + of the Middle Ages." + + Idem, No. 66., "Alchemy and the Alchemists." + + The Guardian, No. 166. + + The Spectator, No. 574. + + Idem, No. 379. [This number contains Budgell's _Legend of the Sepulchre + of Rosicrucius_.] + + The Rosicrucian: a Novel. 3 vols. 8vo. + + Zanoni. By Sir E. L. Bulwer. + +After the slumber of a century, with new objects and regulations, +_Rosicrucianism_ (so to speak) was revived in the country of its birth. + +A very curious volume was published fifty years ago, entitled _Proofs of a +Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe, carried on +in the secret meetings of Freemasons, Illuminati, and Reading Societies_, +by John Robinson, A.M., &c., 8vo., London, 1798. This volume is chiefly +occupied by a history of the origin, proceedings, and objects of the +_Illuminati_, a sect which had rendered important services to revolutionary +interests, and laid the foundations of European propagandism. Much curious +matter relative to this sect will also be found in George Sand's _Comtesse +de Rudolstadt_, vol. ii.; upon, or just before, its extinction, a new +political association was formed at Baden and Carlsruhe, under the auspices +of Baron van Edelsheim, police minister of the Elector, under the title of +_Die Rosenkrietzer_. This society was called into existence by a +reactionary dread of that republicanism in politics, and atheism in morals, +which seemed at that time to prey upon the vitals of European society. The +society soon spread, and had its affiliations in various parts of Germany, +giving such uneasiness to Buonaparte, to the accomplishment of whose +projects it exercised an adverse influence, that he despatched a secret +messenger for the purpose of obtaining information as to its projects and +developments. He did everything in his power to destroy the association, +which, however, survived, until his murder of Palm, the bookseller, for +publishing the _Geist der Zeit_, seeming to call for a new and modified +association, led to its extinction, and the creation of a new secret +society, the celebrated _Tungen-Bund_, in its place. + +It will be seen that in the foregoing I have confined myself to that part +of your correspondent's Query which relates to "the Brethren of the +Rosy-Cross." I have not ventured to allude to the Alchymists, or the +writings of Paracelsus, his predecessors and followers, which form a +library, and demand a catalogue for their mere enumeration. If MR. E. S. +TAYLOR, however, is desirous of farther information, and will favour me +with his address, I shall be happy to assist his researches in Hermetic +philosophy to the extent of my ability. + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +The Society of Rosicrucians, or Rosecroix (whom Collier calls a sect of +mountebanks), first started into existence in Germany in the seventeenth +century. They laid claim to the possession of divers secrets, among which +the philosopher's stone was the least. They never dared to appear publicly, +and styled themselves _The Invisible_. {108} + +In 1622 they put forth the following advertisement: + + "We, deputed by our College, the principal of the brethren of the + Rosicrucians, to make our visible and invisible abode in this city, + through the grace of the Most High; towards whom are turned the hearts + of the just: we teach without books or notes, and speak the languages + of the countries wherever we are, to draw men like ourselves from the + error of death." + +The Illuminati of Spain were a branch of this sect. In 1615 one John +Bringeret printed a work in Germany containing two treatises, entitled _The +Manifesto and Confession of Faith of the Fraternity of the Rosicrucians in +Germany_. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + + * * * * * + +INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS. + +(Vol. vi., p. 554. Vol. vii., p. 633.) + +My note-book contains a considerable number of inscriptions on bells; some +extracted from books, but others transcribed from the bells themselves. I +send you a few of the most remarkable inscriptions, with one or two notes +on the subject. + +Chesterton, Cambridgeshire: + +1. "God save the Church." + +2. "Non sono animabus mortuorum, sed viventium." + +S. Benet's, Cambridge (see Le-Keux' _Memorials_): + + 1. "Of all the bels in Bennet, I am the best, + And yet for my casting the parish paid lest. 1607." + + 2. "Non nomen fero ficti, + Sed nomen Benedicti. 1610." + + 3. "This bell was broke, and cast againe, + by John Draper, in 1618, + as plainly doth appeare: + Churchwardens were, + Edward Dixon, + for one, + who stood close to his tacklyn, + and he that was his partner then, + was Alexander Jacklyn." + +Girton, Cambridgeshire: + + "Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei." + +Stoneleigh, Warwickshire: + +1. "Michaele te pulsante Winchelcombe a petente dĉmone te libera. + +2. "O Kenelme nos defende ne maligni sentiamus focula." + +Eastry, Kent: + + "One bell inscribed with the names of the churchwardens and the maker; + a shilling of William III., and other coins are let into the rim." + +Erith, Kent: + + "A tablet in the belfry commemorates the ringing of a peal of 726 + changes in twenty-six minutes." + +S. Clement, Sandwich, Kent: + + "In the ringing chamber of this noble tower is a windlass for lowering + the bells in case of repairs becoming necessary, with a trap-door in + the floor opening into the church." + +S. Mary, Sandwich, Kent: + + "This bel was bought and steeple built, A.D. 1718. J. Bradley, R. + Harvey, Ch. wardens. R. P. F." + +S. Andrew, Histon, Camb.: + + "Coins of Queen Anne in the rim of one bell; but dated 1723." + +S. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster (Weever, _Fur. Mon._, p. 491., edit. fol. +1631): + + "King Edward the Third built in the little sanctuarie a clochard of + stone and timber, and placed therein three bells, for the vse of Saint + _Stephen's_ Chappel. About the biggest bell was engrauen, or cast in + the metall, these words: + + 'King Edward made mee thirtie thousand weight and three: + Take mee downe and wey mee, and more you shall fynd mee.' + + But these bells being to be taken downe, in the raigne of King _Henry_ + the Eight, one writes vnderneath with a coal: + + 'But _Henry_ the Eight will bait me of my weight.'" + +If any farther extracts may interest you, they are very much at your +service. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + * * * * * + +WAS COOK THE DISCOVERER OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS? + +(Vol. viii., p. 6.) + +MR. WARDEN will find this question discussed by La Pérouse (English 8vo. +edit., vol. ii. ch. 6.), who concludes unhesitatingly that the Sandwich +group is identical with a cluster of islands discovered by the Spanish +navigator Gaetan in 1542, and by him named "The King's Islands." These the +Spaniard placed in the tenth, although the Sandwich Islands are near the +twentieth, degree of north latitude, which La Pérouse believed was a mere +clerical error. The difference in longitude, sixteen or seventeen degrees, +he ascribed to the imperfect means of determination possessed by the early +navigators, and to their ignorance of the currents of the Pacific. + +Allowing for the mistake in latitude, the King's Islands are evidently the +same as those found on some old charts, about the nineteenth and twentieth +degrees of north latitude, under the names of _La Mesa_, _Los Mayos_, and +_La Disgraciada_; which Capt. Dixon, as well as La Pérouse, sought for in +vain in the longitude assigned to them. They appear to have been introduced +into the {109} English and French charts from that found in the galleon +taken by Commodore Anson, and of which a copy is given in the account of +his voyage. Cook, or Lieutenant Roberts, the compiler of the charts to his +third voyage, retained them; and La Pérouse was the first to erase them +from the map. There can, indeed, be little doubt of their identity with the +Sandwich Islands. But although Cook was not actually the first European who +had visited those islands, to him rightly belongs all the glory of their +discovery. Forgotten by the Spaniards, misplaced on the chart a thousand +miles too far to the eastward, and unapproached for 240 years, their +existence utterly unknown and unsuspected, Cook was, to all intents and +purposes, their real discoverer. + +C. E. BAGOT. + +Dublin. + + * * * * * + +MEGATHERIUM AMERICANUM. + +(Vol. vii., p. 590.) + +Is not the cast of a skeleton in the British Museum, recently alluded to by +A FOREIGN SURGEON, and which is labelled _Megatherium Americanum_ Blume., +better known to English naturalists by its more correct designation of +_Mylodon robustus_ Owen; and if so, why is the proper appellation not +painted on the label? If that had been done, _A Foreign Surgeon_ would not +have fallen into the error of confounding the remains of two distinctly +different animals. + +Might I beg leave to add, for the information of your correspondent, that +no British naturalist "of any mark or likelihood," has ever assumed that +(though undoubtedly sloths) either the _Mylodon_, _Scelidotherium_, or +_Megatherium_, were climbers. Indeed, the whole osseous structure of those +animals proves that they were formed to uprend the trees that gave them +sustenance. By no other hypothesis can we intelligibly account for the +immense expanse of pelvis, the great bulk of hind-legs, the solid tail, the +massive anterior limbs furnished with such powerful claws, and the +extraordinary large spinal chord--all these the characteristic features of +the _Mylodon_. + +Whether there were palms or not at the period of the telluric formation, I +cannot undertake to say; but as A FOREIGN SURGEON assumes that a palm is an +exogenous tree (!), I am induced to suspect that his acquaintance with +geology may be equally as limited as his knowledge of botany. Besides, what +can he mean by speaking of a sloth "the size of a large bear?" Why, the +_Mylodon_ must have been larger than a rhinoceros or hippopotamus. The +veriest tyro in natural history would see that at the first glance of the +massive skeleton. + +It is a painful and ungracious task to have to pen these observations, +especially, too, in the case of a stranger. But "N. & Q." must not be made +a channel for erroneous statements, and we "natives and to the manner born" +must be allowed to know best what is in our own museums. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Angles._--Like many of your correspondents, I have been an +inquirer on the subject of stereoscopic angles, which seems to be still a +problem for solution. What is this problem? for until that be known, we +cannot hope for a solution. I would ask, is it this?--_Stereoscopic +pictures should create in the mind precisely such a conception as the two +eyes would if viewing the object represented by the stereograph._ If this +be the problem (and I cannot conceive otherwise), its solution is simple +enough, as it consists in placing the cameras _invariably_ 2½ inches apart, +on a line parallel to the building, or a plane passing through such a +figure as a statue, &c. In this mode of treatment we should have two +pictures possessing like stereosity with those on the retinas, and +consequently with like result and as our eyes enable us to conceive +perfectly of any solid figure, so would the stereograph. I believe, +therefore, that this is, under every circumstance, the correct treatment; +simply because every other mode may be proved to be false to nature. + +Professor Wheatstone recommends 1 in 25 when objects are more than 50 feet +distant, and this rule seems to be pretty generally followed. Its +incorrectness admits of easy demonstration. Suppose a wall 300 feet in +extent, with abutments, each two feet in front, and projecting two feet +from the wall, at intervals of five feet. The proper distance from the +observer ought to be 450 feet, which, agreeably with this rule, would +require a space of 18 feet between the cameras. Under this treatment the +result would be, that both of the _sides, as well as the fronts_, of the +three central abutments would be seen; whilst of all the rest, only the +front and one side would be visible. This would be outraging nature, and +false, and therefore should, I believe, be rejected. The eyes of an +observer situated midway between the cameras, could not possibly perceive +either of the sides of the buttress opposite to him, and only the side next +to him of the rest. This seems to me conclusive. + +Again, your correspondent [Phi]. (Vol. vii., p. 16.) says, that for +portraits he finds 1 in 10 a good rule. Let the sitter hold, straight from +the front, _i.e._ in the centre, a box 2½ inches in width. The result would +be, that in the stereographs the box would have both its sides represented, +and the front, instead of being horizontal, consisting of two inclined +lines, _i.e._ unless the cameras were {110} placed on _one line_, when it +would be horizontal. In such treatment the departure from both is as great +as in the first example, and the outrage greater, inasmuch as, under these +circumstances (I mean a boy with a box), to any person of common sense, the +caricature would be at a glance obvious. This rule, then, although it +produces stereosity enough, being false, should also be rejected. + +I believe that 2½ inches will be found to be right under any circumstance; +but should sufficient reasons be offered for a better rule, I trust I am +open to conviction, and shall hail with great pleasure a demonstration of +its correctness. + +Should it, however, turn out that I have given a right definition, and a +correct solution of this most interesting problem, I shall rejoice to know +that I have rendered an essential service to a great number of anxious +students in photography. + +T. L. MERRITT. + +Maidstone. + +_Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals._--The proposal of your +correspondent CERIDWEN to employ yellow glass bottles for preventing the +decomposition of photographic solutions has been anticipated. It was +suggested by me, in some lectures on Photography in November 1847, and in +January of the present year, that yellow bottles might be so used, as well +as for preventing the decomposition, by light, of the vegetable substances +used in pharmacy, such as digitalis, ipecacuanha, cinchona, &c. For +solutions of silver, however, the most effectual remedy against +precipitation is the use of very pure water, procured by slow +redistillation in glass vessels at a temperature much below the boiling +point. + +HUGH OWEN. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Earth upon Earth, &c._--I think the information which has been elicited in +connexion with the so-called "Unpublished Epigram by Sir W. Scott," "N. & +Q.," Vol. vii., p. 498., sufficiently curious to justify an additional +reference to the sentiment in question; the more so as I have to mention +the name of its putative author. In Montgomery's _Christian Poet_, 3rd +edit. p. 58., he gives, under the title of "Earth upon Earth," five verses, +which it would appear are substantially the same as those published by +Weaver (whose _Funeral Monuments_, his only publication, I have not within +reach), but they exhibit considerable verbal difference in the verses +corresponding with those cited in "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 576. Montgomery +tells us in a note that this extract, given under the name of William +Billyng, along with another from a poem entitled "The Five Wounds of +Christ," by the same author, were from "a manuscript on parchment of great +antiquity, in possession of William Bateman, Esq.," of which a few copies +had been printed at Manchester, and "accompanied by rude but exceedingly +curious cuts." Now who was William Billyng? And when did he live? +Montgomery says "the age of this author is well known." The death of the +Archbishop of Canterbury, to whom Weaver (_Fun. Mon._ 1631) applies the +Stratford epigraph, is temp. Edward III. Is Mr. Bateman's MS. in a hand +indicating so early a date? + +J. H. + +_Picalyly_ (Vol. viii., p. 8.).--In Barnaby Rich's _Honestie of this Age_, +p. 37. of the Percy Society reprint, we find this passage: + + "But he that some fortie or fifty yeares sithens should haue asked + after a Pickadilly, I wonder who could haue understood him, or could + haue told what a Pickadilly had beene, either fish or flesh." + +Little did the writer think that in future years the name would become a +"household word;" though his prophecy as to the meaning of the word has +been fulfilled by the appearance of the Query in the pages of "N. & Q." + +The editor of the work, Mr. Peter Cunningham, has a long note on the above +passage; and I am indebted to him for the following. + + "Ben Jonson (_Works_ by Gifford, viii. 370.) speaks of a _picardill_ as + a new cut of band much in fashion: + + 'Ready to cast at one whose band stands still, + And then leap mad on a neat _picardill_.' + + "But Middleton, _The World tost at Tennis_, 1620, speaks of a + _pickadill_ in connexion with the shears, the needle, &c. of the + tailor; from which it appears to have been an instrument used for + plaiting the picked vandyke collar worn in those days. + + "Mr. Gifford, in a note on another passage in Ben Jonson, says: + + '_Picardil_ is simply a diminutive of _picca_ (Span. and Ital.), a + spear-head; and was given to this article of foppery from a fancied + resemblance of its stiffened plaits to the bristled points of these + weapons. Blount thinks, and apparently with justice, that _Picadilly_ + took its name frown the sale of the 'small stiff collars so called,' + which was first set on foot in a house near the western [eastern] + extremity of the present street by one Higgins, a tailor.'" + +The bands worn by the clergy and judges, &c., at the present day, are +lineal descendants of the old _picadils_, reduced to a more sober cut; and +the picked ornament alluded to by your correspondent no doubt derived its +name from its resemblance in shape to these tokens of ancient fashion. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Mr. Justice Newton_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.; Vol. viii., p. 15.).--I did +not answer MR. F. KYFFIN LENTHALL'S first Query, because it was {111} +palpable, from the context, that the "Mr. Justice Newton" he inquired after +could not possibly be the Chief Justice who flourished in the fifteenth +century; and because I am not aware of any judge of the superior courts of +that name, during the time of the Commonwealth, or the years which +immediately preceded or followed that period. Indeed, his designation as +"Mr. Justice Newton, _of the Middle Temple_," plainly proves that he could +not have been a judge upon the Bench at Westminster. He may perhaps have +been a Welsh judge; or, remembering that "Mr. Justice" was the common title +for a Justice of the Peace, it is still more probable that he was merely a +magistrate of the county in which he resided. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Manners of the Irish_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--In the very curious extract +given by your correspondent H., _boyranne_ is very likely to stand for +_borbhan_, the Irish for "lamentation" or "complaint." An Irish landlord +knows full well that, even up to the present day, his tenants "keep the +bread, and make _borbhan_." _Molchan_, I suspect, comes from _miolc_, whey. +_Localran_ stands for _loisgrean_, corn turned out of the ear. As to the +concluding line of the extract, I must leave it to some better Irish +scholar than I can boast myself. + + "I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme," + +plainly has reference to the old practice, still prevalent in some parts of +Ireland on May-day, when young girls carry about a figure dressed as a +baby, singing the Irish song, [Irish: thugamar féin an samhra linn], "We +have brought the summer with us" (See _Transactions of the Kilkenny +Archĉological Society_). _Ultagh_ (_Ultach_) is Irish for an Ulster man, as +H. will see by consulting any Irish dictionary, and can have no connexion +with Utlagh, the Kilkenny money-lender. _Ugteller_ is of course a misprint +for _Kyteller_. Would that H. would give us his real name and address, or +at least allow me to ask whether H. F. H. do not constitute his initials in +full. + +JAMES GRAVES. + +Kilkenny. + +_Arms of the See of York_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--I was about to send a note +to "N. & Q.," pointing out that Mr. Knight, in his heraldic illustrations +to 2 _Hen. IV._, in his _Pictorial Edition of Shakspeare_, has given the +modern bearings of the see of York to Archbishop Scroope, instead of those +which belonged to that date, when I observed a Query from TEE BEE, asking +the date and origin of the _change_ of arms which took place. I am sorry +that I am unable to give any authority for my statement, but I believe it +to be not the less true, that the change in question took place when +Cardinal Wolsey came to the see. Nor can I give any farther reason for that +change than the notorious jealousy of the Cardinal towards the superior +rank of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Up to this period the arms of the two +sees were precisely the same, though TEE BEE gives the number of crosses +"patée fitchée" on the pall for difference; I should be glad to know +whether there is good authority for this statement. The present arms of the +see evidently have reference to the dedication of the ancient cathedral +church to St. Peter. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_"Up, Guards, and at 'em!"_ (Vol. v., p. 426.).--These oft-quoted words +have already engaged the attention of the readers of "N. & Q." Your +frequent correspondent C. (Vol. v., p. 426.) is of opinion that the Duke +_did_ make use of these, or equivalent, words. The following extract I have +copied from an article in the June number of _Bentley's Miscellany_. It +will be found at p. 700. as a foot-note to a clever article, one of a +series, entitled "Random Recollections of Campaigns under the Duke of +Wellington," written by an officer of the second brigade of Guards. + + "The expression attributed to the Duke of 'Up, guards, and at them + again!' I have good reason for _knowing_ was never made use of by him. + He was not even _with_ the brigade of Guards in question at the _time_ + they rose from their recumbent position to attack the French column in + their front, and therefore could not well have thus addressed them. I + never heard this story till long after, on my return to England, when + it was related by a lady at a dinner-table; probably it was the + invention of some goodly Botherby. I remember denying my belief at the + time, and my view has since been sufficiently confirmed. Besides, the + words bear no internal evidence of the style either of thought or even + expression of him to whom they were attributed." + +The invention of the goodly Botherby has prospered! + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +_Coleridge's Christabel--The 3rd Part_ (Vol. viii., pp. 11, 12.).--MR. J. +S. WARDEN asks if I am correct in stating the 3rd part of _Christabel_ to +be the composition of Dr. Maginn. I can but "_give my authority_" in a +reference to a sketch of Maginn's life, in a new and well-conducted +periodical, _The Irish Quarterly Review_, which, in the number for +September, 1852, after giving a most humorous account of a first interview +between Blackwood and his wild Irish contributor, who had for more than a +year been mystifying the editor by contributions under various signatures, +proceeds thus:-- + + "A few days before the first interview with Blackwood, Maginn had sent + in his famous 'Third part of Christabel.' It is only to be found in the + Magazine; and as many of our readers must be unacquainted with the + poem, we here subjoin it." + +{112} The poem follows, containing the lines which led to the first inquiry +on this subject. + +It was having read the Memoir in _The Irish Quarterly_ which enabled me so +promptly to remember where the lines were to be found; but I had long +before heard, and never doubted, that the clever parody was composed by Dr. +Maginn. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +_Mitigation of Capital Punishment_ (Vol. viii., p. 42.).--I am sorry MR. +GATTY takes the phrase "mythic accompaniments" as an imputation on himself. +I did not intend it for one, having no doubt that he repeated the story as +he heard it. In it were two statements of the highest decree of +improbability. One I showed (Vol. v., p. 434.) to be contrary to penal, the +other to forensic practice. One MR. GATTY found to have been only a report, +the other to have occurred at a different place and under different +circumstances. Had these been stated in the first version, I should not +have disputed them. Whittington was thrice Lord Mayor of London--that is +history, to which the prophecy of Bow-bells and the exportation of the cat +are "mythic accompaniments." + +A word as to "disclosing only initials." I think you, as a means of +authentification, should have the name and address of every correspondent. +You have mine, and may give them to any one who pays me the compliment of +asking; but I do not seek farther publicity. + +H. B. C. + +Oxford. + +_The Man with the Iron Mask_ (Vol. vii., pp. 234. 344.).--I think that Mr. +James, in his _Life and Times of Louis XIV._, has, to say the least, shown +strong grounds for doubting the theory which identifies this person with +Mathioli; and since then several writers have been inclined to fall back, +in the want of any more probable explanation, on the old idea that the +captive was a twin brother of Louis. What has become of the letter from M. +de St. Mars, said to have been discovered some years ago, confirming this +last hypothesis? Has any such letter been published, and, if so, what is +the opinion of its genuineness? + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Gentleman executed for Murder of a Slave_ (Vol. vii., p. 107.)--Sometime +between 1800 and 1805, Lord Seaforth being Governor of Barbadoes, a +slaveowner, having killed one of his own slaves, was tried for the murder +and acquitted, the law considering that such an act was not murder. +Thereupon Lord Seaforth came to England, obtained an act of parliament +declaring the killing of a slave to be murder, and returned to Barbadoes to +resume his official duties. Soon afterwards another slave was killed by his +owner, who was tried, convicted, and sentenced to be hanged for murder +under the new act of parliament. At the time appointed the prisoner was +brought out for execution, but so strong was public feeling, that the +ordinary executioner was not forthcoming; and on the governor requiring the +sheriff to perform his office either in person or by deputy, after some +excuses he absolutely refused. The governor then addressed the guard of +soldiers, desiring a volunteer for executioner, adding, "whoever would +volunteer should be subsequently protected as well as rewarded then." One +presented himself, and it thenceforth became as dangerous to kill a slave +as a freeman in Barbadoes. + +G. M. E. C. + +_Jahn's Jahrbuch_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--Permit me to inform your +correspondent E. C. that there is a copy of Jahn's _Jahrbücher für +Philologie und Pädagogik_ in the library of Sir Robert Taylor's +Institution, Oxford. Although this library is for the use of members of the +university, I am sure the curators of the institution will give their +permission to consult the books in it, to any gentleman who is properly +recommended to them. + +J. MACRAY. + +Oxford. + +_Character of the Song of the Nightingale_ (Vol. vii., p. 397.).--I imagine +that many of the writers quoted by your correspondent lived in places too +far removed to the north or west (as is my own case) ever to have heard the +nightingale, and are, in consequence, not competent authorities as to a +song they can only have described at second hand; but that Shelley was not +far wrong in styling it voluptuous, and placing it amidst the luxurious +bowers of Daphne, may receive some confirmation from an anecdote told by +Nimrod ("Life and Times," _Fraser's Magazine_, vol. xxv. p. 301.) of the +sad effects produced both on morals and parish rates by the visit of a +nightingale one summer to the groves of Erthig, near Wrexham. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +I accidently met with a scrap of evidence on this point lately, as I was +driving at midnight on a sudden call to visit a dying man. The nightingales +were singing in full choir, when my servant, an intelligent young man from +the country, remarked, "A cheerful little bird the nightingale, Sir. It is +beautiful to hear them singing when one is walking alone on a dark night." + +Unsophisticated judgment of this sort, when met with unsought, seems to be +of real value in a question depending for its decision so much upon the +faithful record of impressions. + +OXONIENSIS. + +Walthamstow. + +MR. CUTHBERT BEDE gives, in his list of epithets of the nightingale, +"solemn," as used by Milton, Otway, Graingle. How the last two employ the +term I do not know, perhaps they {113} copied from Milton; but he uses it, +not as an epithet exactly, but to express the frequency of the bird's +appearance. "Night, her _solemn_ bird," means the _customary_ attendant of +the night: _solemn_ being used in the classical sense, and derived front +_soles_. So Virgil, "Solemnes tum forte dapes et tristia dona ante urbem in +luco," &c. + +The word _solemn_ probably acquired its present signification from the +staid manner in which Englishmen go through their customary ceremonies. +"They took their pleasure _sadly_," as Froissart has it. + +SYDNEY GEDGE, B.A. + +_Mysterious Personage_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--There is no mystery about the +legitimate claimant of the British throne. He is the Duke of Modena, +lineally descended from Henrietta of England, youngest daughter of Charles +I.: she married Philip Duke of Orleans, son of Louis XIII. and Anne of +Austria, and had two daughters; Louisa married to Charles II. of Spain (she +died without issue), and Anna Maria, married to Victor Amadeus, Duke of +Savoy and King of Sardinia. Their son Charles Emanuel III. succeeded in +1730, and was succeeded by his son Victor Amadeus III. He was succeeded by +his eldest son Charles Emanuel IV., who died without issue, and was +succeeded by his brother Victor Emanuel, who left twin daughters, the elder +of whom, Mary Beatrice, married Francis Duke of Modena, while the crown of +Sardinia passed to her father's heirs male. The Duchess Mary Beatrice of +Modena has left two sons, the elder of whom (born June 14, 1819) is the +direct, undoubted heir of the House of Stuart. + +L. M. M. R. + +_Ken: "The Crown of Glory"_ (Vol. vii., p. 597.).--This work was properly +rejected by Mr. Round in his edition of Bishop Ken's _Works_; and in the +preface he gives the reasons for so doing. The absence of certain forms of +expression was the chief test relied on. The book is so excellent, and the +prayers so warm and Ken-like, that its exclusion indicates much critical +acumen on the part of Mr. Round. Subsequently to the publication of this +collection, it was ascertained that the prayers and other parts of _The +Crown of Glory_ were taken from a book of Dean Brough, of Gloucester, +entitled _Sacred Principles_, which was published, I believe (I am writing +at a distance from my books), in 1661. + +W. D----N. + +_Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth_ (Vol. viii., p. 8.).--In days gone by, +when the boundaries of the town were much more circumscribed than at the +present day, a well-known old female (a perfect character in her way) had +long fixed her abode in a curiously built hut-like cot in the locality in +question; the rusticity of which, together with the obliging demeanour of +its tenants, had gradually induced the good folk of Plymouth to make +holiday bouts to this retired spot for the purpose of merry-making. As +years rolled on, the shrewd old dame became a general favourite with the +pleasure-seekers; the increasing frequency of these pic-nics suggesting to +her an opportunity which might be turned to good account, viz. that of +providing her visitors with the cheap requisite, boiling water, for the +brewing their sober afternoon's beverage, at the low rate of a penny a +head. Still later in the evening of life, shrugging herself closely in her +old scarlet cloak, which had served her well for better than half a +century, she would, with much apparent gusto, recount to her pleased +auditory how many a time and often she had made the "penny come quick," by +the above-recited inexpensive vocation; until at length her saying became a +by-word in the neighbourhood, and universal consent fixed on the ever-happy +octogenarian's triplet as a fitting appellation for the then nameless and +retired little nook, but now thickly studded grounds, of _Pennycomequick_. + +That equally simple occurrences have frequently given rise to the names of +places, is shown by other remarkable titles of localities not far distant +from _Pennycomequick_, such as those of "The Bold Venture," and of "No +Place." + +HENRY H. HELE. + +Ashburton. + +Your correspondent R. H. B. is informed that the name of this village is +Welsh, viz. _Pen y cwn gwich_, and signifies a village at the head of a +valley. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 504. 607.).--May I be permitted a word +with your correspondent A. I., and at the same time assist MR. HUGHES in +his laudable attempt "to convert him to the faith?" To do this, it will not +be necessary for me to search either in annual or parish registers, or to +decipher half-defaced inscriptions on marble monuments or humble +headstones. + +A lady is now living, or was two months ago, in Williamsburg, State of +South Carolina, by the name of Singleton, who is known to be in the _one +hundred and thirty-first year of her age_: + + "Her mental faculties are still unimpaired, and she retains all her + senses except that of sight, of which she was deprived at the advanced + age of ninety-nine years by an attack of the measles. Her bodily energy + exhibits no diminution for many years, she being still able to walk + briskly about the room. She has outlived all her children: her oldest + descendant living being a granddaughter, over sixty years old. The + first granddaughter of this granddaughter, if now living, would be over + sixteen years of age." + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Arms: Battle-axe_ (Vol. vii., p. 407.).--The undermentioned families bore +three battle-axes {114} simply, their coats of arms varying only in metal +and colour: + + Aynisworthe. + Bainbrige. + Batten. + Daueys. + Daverston. + Gyves. + Gibbes. + Hall. + Hakelett. + Lewston. + +Stephen Hoby (the earliest ancestor of the Bisham family of whom any record +is preserved), married ----, the daughter and heiress of ---- Bylmore, +whose arms were--Gu. three halberds (long-handled battle-axes) in pale ar. +handled or.: hence, no doubt, the three battle-axes in connexion with the +Hoby or Hobby name at Bisham Church. William Hoby, of Leominster, the tenth +in descent from the above-mentioned Stephen, married Catherine, sole +daughter and heiress of John Forden _alias_ Fordayne, by Gwentwynar, +daughter and heiress of Sir Griffith Vahan _alias_ Vaughan, Knight +Banneret; who was, as I am led to think, of Denbigh or its neighbourhood. I +shall be happy to find I have thrown any light upon the Query of A. C. + +H. C. C. + +_Sir G. Browne, Bart._ (Vol. vii., p. 528.)--Your correspondent NEWBURY is +in error in styling this George Browne a baronet, nor was he of West +Stafford or Wickham. He was the sole son and heir of Sir George Browne, +Knight, of Wickhambreux, co. Kent, Caversham, co. Oxford, and Cowdray in +Midhurst, co. Sussex; which last estate devolved on this family by the will +of William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton, the son of Lucy (daughter and +co-heiress of John Nevill, Marquess of Montagu) by her first husband, Sir +Thomas Fitzwillam of Aldwark, co. York; which Lucy became the wife of Sir +Anthony Browne, who was knighted at the battle of Stoke, June 6, 1487, and +succeeded as above-mentioned to the Cowdray estate. + +George Browne, who married Elizabeth or Eleanor, the daughter of Sir +Richard Blount, was of Wickhambreux, Caversham, and also of West Shefford +in co. Berks; his name appears as thus in the Visitation of this county +anno 1623. Of the nineteen children, he had three sons whose names are not +given, and who died in the Royal cause during the civil wars: but as +Richard, the third son, is expressly mentioned, he certainly was not one of +the three killed in the service of King Charles I. Sir George Browne, +second, but eldest surviving son, was made a K.B. at the coronation of King +Charles II.; and was celebrated by Pope in his "Windsor Forest." He married +Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Englefield, the second baronet of +Wootton Bassett, co. Wilts, and died _s. p. m._ George, the eldest born, +died an infant. Henry, the fourth son, died unmarried March 19, 1668, and +was buried at West Shefford; and John, the fifth son, was of Caversham, and +created a baronet May 19, 1665. He married the widow of ---- Bradley, and +was the ancestor of the baronets of Caversham, extinct in 1774. Three +daughters, whose names are not given, became nuns. Eleanor, another +daughter, died unmarried, Nov. 27, 1662, and was buried at West Shefford: +and Elizabeth was the wife of John Yate of West Hanney, co. Berks; and who +died Jan. 26, 1671, before his wife. + +H. C. C. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +MEMOIRS OF THE ROSE, by Mr. John Holland. 1 Vol. 12mo. 1824. + +LITERARY GAZETTE, 1834 to 1845. + +ATHENĈUM, commencement to 1835. + +A NARRATIVE OF THE HOLY LIFE AND HAPPY DEATH OF MR. JOHN ANGIER. London, +1685. + +MOORE'S MELODIES. 15th Edition. + +WOOD'S ATHENĈ OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20. + +THE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804. + +SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steevens's edition, in 15 vols. +8vo. 1739. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_In consequence of being compelled to go to press with the present Number +on Thursday, and of the number of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES _waiting for +insertion, we have been compelled to omit our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. + +T. M. B. _The oft-quoted lines_-- + + "So down thy hill, romantic Ashbourn, glides, + The Derby dilly, carrying THREE insides," &c.-- + +_will be found in the_ Poetry of the Antijacobin, _at the close of the +Second Part of_ The Loves of the Triangles. + +J. D. _Where is the sentence of which you ask an explanation to be found? +Send the context, or farther particulars._ + +C. E. F. _and_ T. D. (Leeds). _Your inquiry as to the best mode of +constructing a glass chamber for photographic purposes will be answered in +our next._ + +MR. JOHN COOK _has sent us a plan for taking cheaper pictures for +stereoscopic purposes by means of a common camera, and the substitution for +the ordinary ground glass of a piece of plate glass and a piece of paper, +on which the outline of the figure is to be traced. When one sketch is thus +made, the camera is to be moved fifteen or sixteen inches to the right or +left, and a second drawing made in the same way. The plan is a very obvious +one; and though adapted for those who can draw and have an ordinary camera, +it presents few advantages to photographers._ + +H. H. H. (Ashburton). _Were we to recommend you to any particular maker for +your collodion tent, we should deviate from our rule of impartiality where +several vendors are concerned, and we would therefore refer you to our +advertising columns._ + +W. N. (Kingston). _We are sorry we cannot afford space for answering all +your Queries on the making of gun cotton. A portion made according to Dr. +Diamond's formulary has been forwarded to your address; and if it is not_ +entirely _soluble, then the fault is in your ether._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price +Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is +desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published an noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +{115} + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, +DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_ + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, + all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of + body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys + and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp + of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER. + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--THE COLLODION PROCESS, with the latest improvements; +Calotype, Daguerreotype, Stereoscopic, and Microscopic Pictures: being a +most complete Guide to the successful Production of good Pictures by this +interesting Art. Price 1s. in wrapper, and 1s. 6d. cloth, gilt; free by +Post for 18d. + +London: CLARK, 17. Warwick Lane. SHEW, 32. Rathbone Place. BAKER, 244. +Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +LA LUMIERE; French Photographic Journal. The only Journal which gives +weekly all the principal Photographic News of England and the Continent; +with Original Articles and Communications on the different Processes and +Discoveries, Reports of the French Academy of Sciences, Articles on Art, +Reviews, &c. + +Published every SATURDAY at PARIS, 9. Rue de la Perle. + +Terms, 16s. per annum in advance. All English Subscriptions and +Communications to be addressed to the English Editor, 6. Henman Terrace, +Camden Town, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +ESTABLISHED 1841. + +MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE, + +25. PALL MALL. + +During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand +One Hundred and Fifty Policies_-- + +Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and +Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_-- + +Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_. + +This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of +Diseased Lives. + +Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other +Offices. + +A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at +last Division of Profits. + +Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June, +1853, will participate. + +Agents wanted for vacant places. + +Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be +obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of +the Society's Agents in the country. + + F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary. + C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +{116} + +J. R. SMITH'S + +NEW PUBLICATIONS + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. By the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. Just published, 8vo. (pp. 488.), +with engravings, cloth, 15s. + +A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE, with Occasional Remarks on Mr. Collier's Folio +of 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo. cloth, 5s. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of that +and adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d. + +FACTS AND SPECULATIONS on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By W. A. +CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving." In one handsome +volume, 8vo., illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, +cloth, 1_l_. 1s. + +BOSWORTH'S (Rev. Dr.) Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. 8vo., +closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 2s. + +LOWER'S (M.A.) ESSAYS on English Surnames. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third Edition, +greatly enlarged, cloth, 12s. + +LOWER'S CURIOSITIES of HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English +Writers. 8vo., numerous Engravings, cloth, 14s. + +WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, and +History of England in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth 16s. + +GUIDE TO ARCHĈOLOGY. An Archĉological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the +Celtic, Romano British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, +Fellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo., +illustrated with numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, +cloth, 15s. + +A NEW LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE; including many Particulars respecting the Poet +and his Family, never before published. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., +F.S.A., &c. 8vo., 76 Engravings by Fairholt, cloth, 15s. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 35. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR AUGUST. + +FOSTER'S LECTURES, delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, 3rd Edition, +edited, with Additions, by J. E. RYLAND, Esq. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 3s. +6d. per volume. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR AUGUST. + +THE COMEDIES OF ARISTOPHANES, literally translated into English Prose, with +Copious Notes, by W. J. HICKIE. In 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth. Vol. I. with +Frontispiece. Price 5s. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR AUGUST. + +MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate to +the affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to A.D. 1307. +Translated by C. D. YONGE, B.A. In 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth. Vol. II. Price +5s. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE. + +Respectfully informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointed Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. + + * * * * * + + +This day is published in 8vo., with Fac-simile from an early MS. at Dulwich +College, price 1s. + +CURIOSITIES OF MODERN SHAKSPEARIAN CRITICISM. By J. O. HALLIWELL, ESQ., +F.R.S. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + + "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neutronics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, + 1852._ + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a +telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than +could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on +application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY,) + +Of Saturday, July 23, contains Articles on + + Agricultural Society's show at Gloucester + Agricultural College examination papers + Atmospheric agents, influence of, by Mr. Rigby + Attraction, capillary + Books reviewed + Bottles, to cut, by Mr. Prideaux + Broccoli, winter + Calendar, horticultural + ---- agricultural + Cattle breeding + Diclytra v. Dielytra + Drainage and capillary attraction + Ellipse + Fir leaves, uses of dried, by Mr. Mackenzie + Forests, royal + Frog, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe + Fruit preserving + Fungi, eatable + Gloucestershire, trip through + Grove Gardens, noticed + Guano, Peruvian + Heating, galvanised iron for, by Mr. Ayres + Holt forest + Honey + Implements, agricultural, at Gloucester + Iron, galvanised + Manure, peat mould as + Mechi's (Mr.), gathering + Mildew, grape + Mulberries, to propagate, by Mr. Brown + Mushrooms, bad + Peat mould + Plant-houses, to fumigate, Mr. Whalley + Potato disease + Potentillas + Poultry at Gloucester + Preserving fruit + Roses, Bedding + Sheep, breeds of + ---- handbook on + Skimmia Japonica, by Messrs. Standish and Noble + Societies, proceedings of the Entomological, Caledonian and Cheltenham, + Horticultural, National Floricultural, Belfast Flax + Spermatozoids + Stock breeding + Strawberry, Nimrod + Stylidium fasciculatum + Tanks, galvanised, by Mr. Ayres + Toad, reproduction of, by Mr. Lowe + Vine, culture of + ---- to propagate, by Mr. Brown + ---- mildew + Wheat, culture of, by Mr. Rigby + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transaction of the week._ + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 2s. 6d. cloth, + +THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being sketches of Clerical Life in a +Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., vicar of +Ecclesfield. + + "We sincerely thank Mr. Gatty for his interesting Sketches."--_English + Churchman._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. +Edinburgh: R. GRANT & SON. + + * * * * * + + +For August, Now Ready, + +W. S. LINCOLN'S Ninety-Fifth Catalogue of Cheap Second-Hand English and +Foreign Books. A copy will be sent GRATIS and POSTAGE-FREE to any Gentleman +in Town or Country, who forwards his Address to Cheltenham House, +Westminster Road, London. + + * * * * * + + +EVERY MAN HIS OWN ENGRAVER: or, a New, Cheap, and Simple Process, by which +to produce from a Substitute, and multiply to any extent, either Portraits, +Names on Cards, Drawings, Maps, &c., the Proofs of which will be equal to +Copper-plate Engravings. + +This invaluable and profitable Art will be taught to Ladies and Gentlemen, +by printed instructions, with ease and certainty, IN ONE LESSON, upon +receipt of Fourteen Postage Stamps, addressed to MR. A. B. CLEVELAND, 15. +Western Cottages, Brighton. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 30, +1853. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 196, July +30, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 28478-8.txt or 28478-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/4/7/28478/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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