diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:38:33 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:38:33 -0700 |
| commit | ac758edb8f32df83907aeb7147e2763a97e086f4 (patch) | |
| tree | 216c9c159557ab76564368fbf626dcc3176414a8 /28477-8.txt | |
Diffstat (limited to '28477-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 28477-8.txt | 3524 |
1 files changed, 3524 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/28477-8.txt b/28477-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f7b2ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/28477-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3524 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 195, July 23, 1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 195, July 23, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28477] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{69} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 195.] +SATURDAY, JULY 23. 1853.. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + William Blake 69 + A Poem by Shelley, not in his Works 71 + The Impossibilities of History 72 + "Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat," by T. J. + Buckton 73 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. Payne Collier, + George Blink, &c. 73 + "The Dance of Death," by Weld Taylor 76 + + MINOR NOTES:--Old Lines newly revived--Inscription + near Cirencester--Wordsworth--"Magna est Veritas et + prævalebit"--"Putting your foot into it" 76 + + QUERIES:-- + Fragments of MSS., by Philip Hale 77 + The Electric Telegraph, by W. Matthews 78 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Sir Walter Raleigh--Ancient + Fortifications: Hertstone, Pale, Brecost--Newton and + Somers--Daventry, Duel at--Passage in Burial Service-- + "They shot him on the nine-stane rig"--Wardhouse, and + Fishermen's Custom there--"Adrian turn'd the bull"-- + Cary's "Palæologia Chronica"--The Southwark Pudding + Wonder--Roman Catholics confined in Fens of Ely--White + Bell Heather transplanted--Green's "Secret Plot"-- + "The full Moon brings fine Weather"--Nash the Artist-- + Woodwork of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell-- + "The Mitre and the Crown"--Military Music 78 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Stoven Church--The + Statute of Kilkenny--Kenne of Kenne--Rents of Assize, + &c.--Edifices of Ancient and Modern Times--Gorram-- + "Rock of Ages" 80 + + REPLIES:-- + Remuneration of Authors 81 + On the Use of the Hour-glass in Pulpits 82 + Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge 83 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Multiplication of + Photographs--Yellow Bottles for Photographic + Chemicals 85 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Donnybrook Fair--Abigail-- + Honorary Degrees--Red Hair--Historical Engraving-- + Proverbs quoted by Suetonius--"Sat cito, si sat bene"-- + Council of Laodicea, Canon 35.--Anna Lightfoot--Jack + and Gill--Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle-- + Gibbon's Library--St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca-- + "Hip, Hip, Hurrah!"--Emblemata--Campvere, Privileges of-- + Slang Expressions: "Just the cheese"--The Honorable Miss + E. St. Leger--Queries from the Navorscher--"Pity + is akin to Love" 86 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 89 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 90 + Notices to Correspondents 90 + Advertisements 90 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +WILLIAM BLAKE. + +My antiquarian tendencies bring me acquainted with many neglected and +obscure individuals connected with our earlier English literature, who, +after "fretting their hour" upon life's stage, have passed away; leaving +their names entombed upon the title-page of some unappreciated or +crotchetty book, only to be found upon the shelves of the curious. + +To look for these in Kippis, Chalmers, Gorton, or Rose would be a waste of +time; and although agreeing to some extent with the _Utilitarians_, that we +have all that was worth preserving of the _Antediluvians_, there is, I +think, here and there a name worth resuscitating, possessing claims to a +_niche_ in our "Antiquary's Newspaper;" and for that distinction, I would +now put in a plea on behalf of my present subject, William Blake. + +Although our author belongs to the _eccentric category_, he is a character +not only deserving of notice, but a model for imitation: the "_bee_ in his +bonnet" having set his sympathies in the healthy direction of a large +_philanthropy_ for the spiritual and temporal interests of his fellow men. + +The congenial reader has already, I doubt not, anticipated that I am about +to introduce that nondescript book bearing the running title--and it never +had any other--of _Silver Drops, or Serious Things;_ purporting, in a kind +of colophon, to be "written by William Blake, housekeeper to the Ladies' +Charity School."[1] The curious in old books knows too, that, apart from +its subject, the _Silver Drops_ of W. B. has usually an attractive +exterior; most of the _exemplaires_ which have come under my notice being +sumptuously bound in old morocco, profusely tooled; with the name of the +party to whom it had apparently been presented, stamped in a compartment +upon the cover. Its value is farther enhanced by its pictorial and +emblematical accompaniments. These are four in number: the first +representing a heart, whereon {70} a fanciful picture of Charity supported +by angels; second, a view of Highgate Charity Schools (Dorchester House); +third, Time with his scythe and hour-glass[2]; and the fourth, in three +compartments, the centre containing butterflies; the smaller at top and +bottom, sententious allusions to the value of time--"Time drops pearles +from his golden wings," &c. These are respectable engravings, but by whom +executed I know not. After these, and before coming to the _Silver Drops_, +which are perhaps something akin to Master Brooks' _Apples of Gold_, the +book begins abruptly: "The Ladies' Charity School-house Roll of Highgate, +or a subscription of many noble well-disposed ladies for the easie carrying +of it on." "Being well informed," runs the Prospectus, "that there is a +pious, good, commendable work for maintaining near forty poor or fatherless +children, born all at or near Highgate, Hornsey, or Hamsted: we, whose +names are subscribed, do engage or promise, that if the said boys are +decently cloathed in blew, lined with yellow; constantly fed all alike with +good and wholsom diet; taught to read, write, and cast accompts, and so put +out to trades, in order to live another day; then we will give for one +year, two or three (if we well like the design, and prudent management of +it,) once a year, the sum below mentioned," &c. The projector of this good +work was the subject of my present note; and after thus introducing it, the +worthy "woollen-draper, at the sign of the Golden Boy, Maiden Lane, Covent +Garden," for such he was, goes on to recommend and enforce its importance +in a variety of cajolling addresses, or, as he calls them, "charity-school +sticks," to the great and wealthy; ostensibly the production of the boys, +but in reality the concoctions of Mr. Blake, and in which he pleads +earnestly for his _hobby_. In _An Essay, or Humble Guess, how the Noble +Ladies may be inclined to give to and encourage their Charity-school at +Highgate_, Mr. Blake farther humorously shows up the various dispositions +of his fair friends:--"And first," says he, "my lady such-a-one cryed, +Come, we will make one purse out of our family;" and "my lady such-an-one +said she would give for the fancy of the Roll and charity stick. My lady +such-an-one cryed by her troth she would give nothing at all, for she had +waies enough for her money; while another would give five or six stone of +beef every week." Again, in trying to come at the great citizen-ladies, he +magnifies, in the following characteristic style, the city of London; and, +by implication, their noble husbands and themselves:--"There is," says Mr. +Blake, "the Tower and the Monument; the old Change, Guild-Hall, and +Blackwall-Hall, _which some would fain burn again_; there is Bow steeple, +the _Holy Bible_, _the Silver Bells of Aaron_, _the godly-outed ministers_; +the melodious musick of the Gospels; Smithfield martyrs yet alive; and the +best society, the very best in all the world for civility, loyalty, men, +and manners; with the greatest cash, bulk, mass, and stock of all sorts of +silks, cinnamon, spices, wine, gold, pearls, Spanish wooll and cloaths; +with the river _Nilus_, and the stately ships of _Tarshish_ to carry in and +out the great merchandizes of the world." In this the city dames are +attacked collectively. Individually, he would wheedle them thus into his +charitable plans:--"Now pray, dear madam, speak or write to my lady out of +hand, and tell her how it is with us; and if she will subscribe a good +_gob_, and get the young ladies to do so too; and then put in altogether +with your lordship's and Sir James's also: for it is necessary he or you in +his stead should do something, _now the great ship is come safe in, and by +giving some of the first-fruits of your great bay, or new plantation, to +our school, the rest will be blessed the better_." The scheme seems to have +offered attractions to the Highgate gentry:--"The great ladies do allow +their house-keeper," he continues, "one bottle of wine, three of ale, half +a dozen of rolls, and two dishes of meat a-day; who is to see the +wilderness, orchard, great prospects, walks, and gardens, all well kept and +rolled for their honours' families; and to give them small treats according +to discretion when they please to take the air, which is undoubtedly the +best round London." Notwithstanding the eloquent pleadings of Mr. Blake for +their assistance and support, it is to be feared that the _noble ladies_ +allowed the predictions of his friends to be verified, and _did_ "suffer +such an inferiour meane and little person (to use his own phraseology) to +sink under the burden of so good and great a work:" for we find that Gough, +in allusion thereto, says (_Topographical Anecdotes_, vol. i. p. 644.):-- + + "This Hospital at Highgate, called the Ladies' Charity School, was + erected by one W. Blake, a woollen-draper in Covent Garden; who having + purchased Dorchester House, and having fooled away his estate in + building, was thrown into prison." + +Even here, and under such circumstances, our subject was nothing daunted; +for the same authority informs us, that, still full of his philanthropic +projects, he took the opportunity his leisure there admitted to write +another work upon his favourite topic of educating and caring for the {71} +poor; its title is, _The State and Case of a Design for the better +Education of Thousands of Parish Children successively in the vast Northern +Suburbs of London vindicated, &c._ Besides the above, there is another +remarkable little piece which I have seen, beginning abruptly, "Here +followeth a briefe exhortation which I gave in my owne house at my wife's +funerall to our friends then present," by Blake, with the MS. date, 1650; +and exhibits this original character in another not less amiable light:--"I +was brought up," says he, "by my parents to learne _Hail Mary_, +paternoster, the Beliefe, and learne to reade; and where I served my +apprenticeship little more was to be found." He attributes it to God's +grace that he fell a reading the _Practice of Piety_, by which means he got +a little persuading of God's love to his soul:--"Well, my time being out, I +set up for myselfe; and seeking out for a wife, which, with long waiting +and difficulty, much expence and charge, at last I got. Four children God +gave me by her; but he hath taken them and her all again too, who was a +woman of a thousand." Mr. B. then naturally indulges in a panegyric upon +this pattern of wives, and reproaches himself for his former insensibility +to her surpassing merits: relating with great _naïveté_ some domestic +passages, with examples of her piety and trials, in one of which latter the +_enemy_ would tempt her to suicide:--"There lie your garters," said he; +"but she threw them aside, and so escaped this will of the Devil." + +In conclusion, let me inquire if your Highgate correspondents are cognisant +of any existing institution raised upon the foundation of William Blake's +Charity School at Dorchester House? + +J. O. + + [Our correspondent's interesting communication suggests a Query: Is + there any biographical notice of William Blake; and was he the author + of the following piece, preserved among the Kings' pamphlets in the + British Museum? "The Condemned Man's Reprieve, or God's Love-Tokens, + flowing in upon the heart of William Blake, a penitent sinner, giving + him assurance of the pardon of his sins, and the enjoyment of eternal + happiness through the merits of Christ his Saviour. Recommended by him + (being a condemned prisoner for manslaughter within the statute) unto + his sister, and bequeathed unto her as a legacy." It is dated from + "Exon Jayle," June 25, 1653, and was published July 14, 1653."--ED.] + +[Footnote 1: "Mr. Henry Cornish, merchant," was a coadjutor of Blake's in +this charitable undertaking; and as that Alderman was not executed until +1635, this publication may be assigned to about that date.] + +[Footnote 2: [It appears, from the following advertisement at the end of +_Silver Drops_, that the plates of Time and Charity were used as +receipts:--"It is humbly desired, that what you or any of you, most noble +Ladies, Gentlewomen, or others, are pleased to bestow or give towards this +good or great design, that you would be pleased to take a receipt on the +backside of Time or Charity, sealed with three seales, namely, the +Treasurer's, Housekeeper's, and Register's; and it shall be fairly +recorded, and hung up in the school-house, to be read of all from Time to +Time, to the world's end, we hope."--ED.]] + + * * * * * + +A POEM BY SHELLEY, NOT IN HIS WORKS. + +The following poem was published in a South Carolina newspaper in the year +1839. The person who communicates it states that it was among the papers of +a deceased friend, in a small packet, endorsed "A letter and two poems +written by Shelley the poet, and lent to me by Mr. Trelawney in 1823. I was +prevented from returning them to him, for which I am sorry, since this is +the only copy of them--they have never been published." Upon this poem was +written, "Given to me by Shelley, who composed it as we were sailing one +evening together." + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + "_The Calm._ + + "Hush! hark! the Triton calls + From his hollow shell, + And the sea is as smooth as a well; + For the winds and the waves + In wild order form, + To rush to the halls + And the crystal-roof'd caves + Of the deep, deep ocean, + To hold consultation + About the next storm. + + "The moon sits on the sky + Like a swan sleeping + On the stilly lake: + No wild breath to break + Her smooth _massy_ light + And _ruffle_ it into _beams:_ + + "The downy clouds droop + Like moss upon a tree; + And in the earth's bosom grope + Dim vapours and streams. + The darkness is weeping, + Oh, most silently! + Without audible sigh, + All is noiseless and bright. + + "Still 'tis living silence here, + Such as fills not with fear. + Ah, do you not hear + A humming and purring + All about and about? + 'Tis from souls let out, + From their day-prisons freed, + And joying in release, + For no slumber they need. + + "Shining through this _veil of peace,_ + Love now pours her omnipresence, + And various nature + Feels through every feature + The joy intense, + Yet so _passionless,_ + Passionless and pure; + The human mind restless + Long could not endure. + + "But hush while I tell, + As the _shrill whispers flutter_ + Through the pores of the sea,-- + Whatever they utter + I'll interpret to thee. + King Neptune now craves + Of his turbulent vassals + Their workings to quell; + And the billows are quiet, + _Though thinking on riot._ + On the left and the right + In ranks they are coil'd up, + {72} + Like snakes on the plain; + And each one has roll'd up + A bright flashing streak + Of the white moonlight + On his glassy green neck: + On every one's forehead + There glitters a star, + With a hairy train + Of light _floating from afar_, + And pale or fiery red. + Now old Eolus goes + To each muttering blast, + Scattering blows; + And some he binds fast + In hollow rocks vast, + And others he gags + With thick heavy foam. + 'Twing them round + The sharp rugged crags + That are sticking out near,' + Growls he, 'for fear + They all should rebel, + And so play hell.' + Those that he bound, + Their prison-walls grasp, + And through the dark gloom + Scream fierce and yell: + While all the rest gasp, + In rage fruitless and vain. + Their shepherd now leaves them + To howl and to roar-- + Of his presence bereaves them, + To feed some young breeze + On the violet odour, + And to teach it on shore + To rock the green trees. + But no more can be said + Of what was transacted + And what was enacted + In the heaving abodes + Of the great sea-gods." + + * * * * * + +THE IMPOSSIBILITIES OF HISTORY. + +In _The Tablet_ of June 18 is a leading article on the proposed erection of +Baron Marochetti's statue of Richard Coeur de Lion. Theology and history +are mixed: of course I shall carefully exclude the former. I have tried to +trace the statements to their sources; and where I have failed, perhaps +some of your readers may be able to help me. + + "When the physicians told him that they could do nothing more for him, + and when his confessor had done his duty faithfully and with all + honesty, the stern old soldier commanded his attendants to take him off + the bed, and lay him naked on the bare floor. When this was done, he + then bade them take a discipline and scourge him with all their might. + This was the last command of their royal master; and in this he was + obeyed with more zeal than he found displayed when at the head of his + troops in Palestine." + +I find no record that "the stern old soldier," who was then forty-two years +of age, and whom the writer oddly calls Richard II., had any reason to +complain of want of zeal in his troops. They fought well, and flogged +well--if they flogged at all. Richard died of gangrene in the shoulder; and +I have the authority of an eminent physician for saying, that gangrene, so +near the vital parts, would produce such mental and bodily prostration, +that it is highly improbable that the patient, unless in delirium, should +give such an order, and impossible that he should live through its +execution. + +Hume and Lingard do not allude to the "discipline;" and the silence of the +latter is important. Henry says: + + "Having expressed great penitence for his vices, and having undergone a + very severe discipline from the hands of the clergy, who attended him + in his last moments," &c.--Vol. iii. p. 161. ed. 1777. + +He cites Brompton, and there I find the penance given much stronger than in +_The Tablet_: + + "Præcepitque pedes sibi ligari, et in altum suspendi nudumque corpus + flagellis cædi et lacerari, donec ipse præciperat ut silerent. Cumque + diu cæderetur, ex præcepto, ad modicum siluerunt. Et spiritu iterum + reassumpto, hoc idem secundo ac tertio in abundantiâ sanguinis + compleverunt. Tamdiu in se revertens, afferri viaticum sibi jussit et + se velut proditorem et hostem, contra dominum suum ligatis pedibus fune + trahi." + +This is taken from Brompton's Chronicle in _Decem Scriptores Historiæ +Anglicanæ_, 1652, p. 1279., edited by Selden. As Brompton lived in the +reign of Edward III., he is not a high authority upon any matter in that of +Richard I. I cannot find any other. Hoveden and Knyghton are silent. Is the +fact stated elsewhere? Hoveden states, and the modern historians follow +him, that after the king's death, Marchader seized the archer, flayed him +alive, and then hanged him. My medical authority says, that no man could be +flayed _alive_: and that the most skilful operator could not remove the +skin of one arm from the elbow to the wrist, before the patient would die +from the shock to his system. + +Mr. Riley, in a note on the passage in Hoveden, cites from the _Winchester +Chronicle_ a possible account of Gurdum being tortured to death. The +historian of _The Tablet_, in the same article, says: + + "We are far from attributing absolute perfection to the son of Henry + II., one of that awful race popularly believed to be descended from the + devil. When Henry, as a boy, practising Whiggery by revolting against + his father, was presented to St. Bernard at the Court of the King of + France, the saint looked at him with a sort of terror, and said, 'From + the Devil you came, and to the Devil you will go.'" + +The fact that Henry II. rebelled against his father is not given in any +history which I have {73} read; and the popular belief in the remarkable +descent of Henry, and consequently of our present royal family, is quite +new to me, and to all of whom I have inquired. Still, finding that the +writer had an authority for the "discipline," he may have one for the +Devil. If so, I should like to know it; for I contemplate something after +the example of Lucian's _Quomodo Historia sit conscribenda_. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + + * * * * * + +"QUEM DEUS VULT PERDERE PRIUS DEMENTAT." + +Having disposed of the allegation that the Greek Iambic, + + "[Greek: hon theos thelei apolesai prôt' apophrenai]," + +was from Euripides, by denying the assertion, I am also, on farther +investigation, compelled to deny to him also the authorship of the cited +passage,-- + + "[Greek: hotan de Daimôn andri porsunêi kaka, ton noun eblapse + prôton]." + +Its first appearance is in Barnes, who quotes it from Athenagoras "sine +auctoris nomine." Carmeli includes it with others, to which he prefixes the +observation,-- + + "A me piacque come al Barnesio di porle per disteso, ed a canto + mettervi la traduzione in nostra favella, _senza entrare tratto tratto + in quistioni_ inutili, _se alcuni versi appartengano a Tragedia di + Euripide, o no_." + +There is, then, no positive evidence of this passage having ever been +attributed, by any competent scholar, to Euripides. Indirect proof that it +could not have been written by him is thus shown:--In the Antigone of +Sophocles (v. 620.) the chorus sings, according to Brunck,-- + + "[Greek: Sophiai gar ek tou] + [Greek: kleinon epos pephantai;] + [Greek: To kakon dokein pot' esthlon] + [Greek: tôid' emmen, hotôi phrenas] + [Greek: theos agei pros atan;] + [Greek: prassein d' oligoston chronon ektos atas]." + + "For a splendid saying has been revealed by the wisdom of _some one_: + That evil appears to be good to him whose mind God leads to + destruction; _but that he (God) practises this a short time without + destroying such a one_." + +Now, had Barnes referred to the scholiast on the Antigone, or remembered at +the time the above-cited passage, he would either not have omitted the +conclusion of his distich, or he would at once have seen that a passage +quoted as "[Greek: ek tou], _of some one_," by Sophocles, seventeen years +the senior of Euripides, could not have been the original composition of +his junior competitor. The conclusion of the distich is thus given by the +old scholiast: + + "[Greek: hotan d' ho Daimôn andri porsunêi kaka,] + [Greek: ton noun eblapse prôton hôi BOULEUETAI]." + +The words "when he wills it" being left out by Barnes and Carmeli, but +which correspond with the last line of the quotation from Sophocles. The +old scholiast introduces the exact quotation referred to by Sophocles as "a +celebrated (notorious, [Greek: aoidimon]) and splendid saying, revealed by +the wisdom of _some one_, [Greek: meta sophias gar hupo tinos]." + +Indeed, the sentiment must have been as old as Paganism, wherein, whilst +all _voluntary_ acts are attributed to the individual, all _involuntary_ +ones are ascribed to the Deity. Even _sneezing_ was so considered: hence +the phrase common in the lower circles in England, "Bless us," and in a +higher grade in Germany, "Gott segne euch," which form the usual chorus to +a sneeze. + +The other scholiast, Triclinius, explains the passage of Sophocles by +saying, "The gods lead to error ([Greek: blabên]) him whom they intend to +make miserable ([Greek: dustuchein]): hence the application to Antigone, +who considers death as sweet." + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_A Passage in "The Taming of the Shrew."_--Perhaps I mistake it, but MR. C. +MANSFIELD INGLEBY seems to me to write in a tone as if he fancied I should +be unwilling to answer his questions, whether public or private. Although I +am not personally acquainted with him, we have had some correspondence, and +I must always feel that a man so zealous and intelligent is entitled to the +best reply I can afford. I can have no hesitation in informing him that, in +preparing what he terms my "monovolume Shakspeare," I pursued this plan +throughout; I adopted, as my foundation, the edition in eight volumes +octavo, which I completed in 1844; that was "formed from an entirely new +collation of the old editions," and my object there was to give the most +accurate representation of the text of the folios and quartos. Upon that +stock I engrafted the manuscript alterations in my folio 1632, in every +case in which it seemed to me possible that the old corrector might be +right--in short, wherever two opinions could be entertained as to the +reading: in this way my text in the "monovolume Shakspeare" was "regulated +by the old copies, and by the recently discovered folio of 1632." + +MR. INGLEBY will see that in the brief preface to the "monovolume +Shakspeare," I expressly say that "while a general similarity (to the folio +1632) has been preserved, care has been taken _to rectify the admitted +mistakes of the early impression_, and to introduce such alterations of a +corrupt and imperfect text, as were warranted by better authorities. Thus, +while the new readings of the old corrector of the folio 1632, considerably +exceeding a thousand, are duly inserted in the places {74} to which they +belong, the old readings, which, during the last century and a half, have +recommended themselves for adoption, and have been derived from a +comparison of ancient printed editions, have also been incorporated." I do +not know how I could have expressed myself with greater clearness; and it +was merely for the sake of distinctness that I referred to the result of my +own labours in 1842, 1843, and 1844, during which years my eight volumes +octavo were proceeding through the press. Those labours, it will be seen, +essentially contributed to lighten my task in preparing the "monovolume +Shakspeare." + +My answer respecting the passage in _The Taming of the Shrew_, referred to +by MR. INGLEBY, will, I trust, be equally satisfactory; it shall be equally +plain. + +I inserted _ambler_, because it is the word substituted in manuscript in +the margin of my folio 1632. I adopted _mercatantè_, as proposed by +Steevens, not only because it is the true Italian word, but because it +exactly fits the place in the verse, _mercatant_ (the word in the folios) +being a syllable short of the required number. In the very copy of Florio's +_Italian Dictionary_, which I bought of Rodd at the time when I purchased +my folio 1632, I find _mercatantè_ translated by the word "marchant," +"marter," and "trader," exactly the sense required. Then, as to "surely" +instead of _surly_, I venture to think that "surely" is the true reading: + + "In gait and countenance surely like a father." + +"Surely like a father" is certainly like a father; and although a man may +be _surly_ in his "countenance," I do not well see how he could be _surly_ +in his "gait;" besides, what had occurred to make the pedant _surly_? This +appears to me the best reason for rejecting _surly_ in favour of "surely;" +but I have another, which can hardly be refused to an editor who professes +to follow the old copies, where they are not contradicted. I allude to the +folio 1628, where the line stands precisely thus: + + "In gate and countenance surely like a Father." + +The folio 1632 misprinted "surely" _surly_, as, in _Julius Cæsar_, Act I. +Sc. 3., it committed the opposite blunder, by misprinting "surly" _surely_. +Another piece of evidence, to prove that "surely" was the poet's word in +_The Taming of the Shrew_, has comparatively recently fallen in my way; I +did not know of its existence in 1844, or it would have been of +considerable use to me. It is a _unique_ quarto of the play, which came out +some years before the folio 1623, and is not to be confounded with the +quarto of _The Taming of the Shrew_, with the date of 1631 on the +title-page. This new authority has the line exactly as it is given in the +folio 1623, which, in truth, was printed from it. It is now before me. + +J. PAYNE COLLIER. + +July 10. + +_Critical Digest of various Readings in the Works of Shakspeare._--There is +much activity in the literary world just now about the text of Shakspeare: +but one most essential work, in reference to that text, still remains to be +performed,--I mean, the publication of a complete digest of _all_ the +various readings, in a concise shape, such as those which we possess in +relation to the MSS. and other editions of nearly every classical author. + +At present, all editions of Shakspeare which claim to be considered +critical, contain much loose information on readings, mixed up with notes +(frequently very diffuse) on miscellaneous topics. This is not in the least +what we require: we need a regular _digest_ of readings, wholly distinct +from long debates about their value. + +What I mean will be plain to any one who is familiar with any good critical +edition of the Greek New Testament, or with such books as Gaisford's +_Herodotus_, the Berlin _Aristotle_, the Zurich _Plato_, and the like. We +ought to have, first, a good text of Shakspeare: such as may represent, as +fairly as possible, the real results of the labours of the soundest +critics; and, secondly, page by page, at the foot of that text, the +following particulars: + +I. All the readings of the folios, which should be cited as A, B, C, and D. + +II. All the readings of the quartos, which might be cited separately in +each play that possesses them, either as a, b, c, d; or as 1, 2, 3, and 4. + +III. A succinct summary of all the respectable criticisms, in the way of +conjecture, on the text. This is especially needed. The recent volumes of +Messrs. Collier, Singer, and Dyce, show that even editors of Shakspeare +scarcely know the history of all the emendations. Let their precise +_pedigree_ be in the last case recorded with the most absolute brevity; +simply the _suggestion_, and the names of its proposers and adopters. + +IV. To simplify this last point, a new siglation might be introduced to +denote the various critical editions. + +Such a publication should be kept distinct from any commentary; especially +from one laid out in the broad flat style of modern editors. Mr. Collier's +volume of _Emendations_, &c., for instance, need not have occupied half its +present space, if he had first denoted his MS. corrector by some short +symbol, instead of by a lengthy phrase; and, secondly, introduced his +suggestions by some such formularies as those employed in classical +criticisms, instead of toiling laboriously after variations in his style of +expression, till we are wearied by the real iteration which lies under the +seeming diversity. + +There should be none of this _phrasework_ in the digest which I recommend. +If indeed it were found absolutely necessary to connect it with a +commentary, then arrange the two portions of the {75} apparatus as in +Arnold's edition of _Thucydides_: the _variæ lectiones_ in the middle of +the page, and the comment in a different type below it. But I repeat, it +would be better still to give us the digest _without_ the comment. All +would go into one large volume. And it cannot be doubted that such a +volume, if thoroughly well done, would furnish at once a sort of _textus +receptus_, and a critical basis, from which future editors might commence +their labours. It would also be an indispensable book of reference to all +who treat of, or are interested in, the poet's text. Such, I say, would be +its certain prospects if the editor were at once an accurate, painstaking +scholar, and a man of true poetical feeling. The labour would be great, but +so would be the reward. It is only what the ablest scholars have proudly +undertaken for the classics, even in the face of toils far more severe. +Would that Mr. Dyce could be roused to attempt it! + +B. + + [Some such edition as that alluded to by our correspondent has been + long desired and contemplated. A proposal in connexion with it has been + afloat for some time past, and we had hoped would have been publicly + made in our pages before now. There are difficulties in the way which + do not exist in the parallel instances from classical literature, and + which do not seem to have occurred to our correspondent; but the + project is in good hands, and we hope will soon be brought to + bear.--ED.] + +_Emendations of Shakspeare._--I am sadly afraid, what with one annotator +and another, that we, in a very little time, shall have Shakspeare so +modernised and weeded of his peculiarities, that he will become a very +second-rate sort of a person indeed; for I now see with no little alarm, +that one of his most delightful quaintnesses is to give way to the march of +refinement, and be altogether ruined. Hazlitt, one the most original and +talented of critics, has somewhere said, that there was not in any passage +of Shakspeare any single word that could be changed to one more +appropriate, and as an instance he gives a passage from _Macbeth_, which +certainly is one of the most perfect and beautiful to be found in the whole +of his works: + + "This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air + Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself + Unto our gentle senses. + This guest of summer, + The temple-haunting martlet, does approve + By his loved mansionry, that the heaven's breath + Smells wooingly here: no jutty, frieze, buttress, + Nor coin of vantage, but this bird hath made + His pendent bed, and procreant cradle: where they + Most breed and haunt, I have observed, the air + Is delicate." + +There are some who differ from Hazlitt in the present day, and assert that +there is an error in the press in Dogberry's reproof of Borachio for +calling him an "ass." The passage as it stands is as follows: + + "I am a wise fellow; and which is more, an officer, and which is more, + a _householder_, and which is more, as pretty a piece of flesh as any + is in Messina, and one that knows the law, go to; and a rich fellow + enough, go to; and a fellow that hath had _losses_, and one that hath + two gowns, and everything handsome about him." + +His having had losses evidently meaning, though he was then poor, that his +circumstances were at one time so prosperous, that he could afford to +_bear_ losses; and he, even then, had a superfluity of wardrobe in "two +gowns, and everything handsome about him." But this little word _losses_, +the perfect Shakspearian quaintness of which is universally acknowledged, +is to be changed into _leases_; if it should be _leases_, how is it that it +does not follow upon "householder," instead of being introduced so many +words after? as, if _leases_ were the proper word, it would assuredly have +suggested itself immediately as an additional item to his respectability as +a householder: for a moment only fancy similar corrections to be introduced +in others of Shakspeare's plays, and Falstaff be made to exclaim at the +robbery at Gad's Hill, "Down with them, they dislike us old men," instead +of "they hate us youth;" for Falstaff was no boy at the time, and this +might be advanced as an authority for the emendation. But seriously, if +this alteration is sent forth as a specimen of the improvements about to be +effected in Shakspeare, from an edition of his plays lately discovered, I +shall, for one, deeply regret that it was ever rescued front its oblivion; +for with my prejudices and prepossessions against interpolations, and in +favour of old readings, I shall find it no easy matter to reconcile my mind +to the new. Strip history of its romance, and you deprive it of its +principal charm; the scenery of a play-house imposes upon us an illusion, +and though we know it to be so, it is not essential that the impression +should be removed. I remember once travelling at night in Norfolk, and a +part of my way was through a wood, at the end of which I came upon a lake +lit up by a magnificent moon. I subsequently went the same road by day: the +wood, I then found, was a mere belt of trees, and the lake had dwindled to +a duck-pond. I have ever since wished that the first impression had +remained unchanged; but this is a digression. There is no author so +universal as Shakspeare, and would that be the case if he was not +thoroughly understood? He is appreciated alike in the closet and on the +stage, quoted by saints and sages, in the pulpit and the senate, and your +nostrum-monger advertises his wares with a quotation from his pages; does +he then require interpreting who is his own interpreter? Johnson says of +him that-- + + "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain." + +{76} And that he-- + + "Exhausted worlds and then imagined new." + +There is no passion that he has not pourtrayed, and laid bare in its beauty +or deformity; no feeling or affection to which his genius has not given the +stamp of immortality: and does he want an interpreter? It is treading on +dangerous ground to attempt to improve him. Even MR. KNIGHT, enthusiast as +he is in his veneration for Shakspeare, and who, by his noble editions of +the poet's works, has won the admiration and secured the gratitude of every +lover of the poet, has gone too far in his emendations when he changes a +line in _Romeo and Juliet_ from + + "Hence will I to my ghostly father's cell." + +to + + "Hence will I to my ghostly friar's close cell." + +As in the latter case the line will not scan unless the word "friar" be +reduced to a monosyllable, which, on reflection, I think MR. KNIGHT will be +inclined to admit. But my paper is, I fear, extending to a limit beyond +which you have occasionally warned your correspondents not to go, and I +must therefore draw my remarks to a close, with a hope that not any offence +will be taken where none is intended by those to whom any of my +observations may apply. + +GEORGE BLINK. + +Canonbury. + + * * * * * + +"THE DANCE OF DEATH." + +Amongst the numerous emblematic works, it has often appeared to me that the +above work should be republished entire; to give any part of it would be +spoiling a most admirable series. I should desire to see it executed not as +a fac-simile, but improved by good modern artists. The history of "The +Dance of Death" is too long and too obscure to enter upon here; but from +the general tenor of the accounts and criticisms of the work, it does not +appear to have originated at all with Hans Holbein, or even his father, who +also really painted it at Basil, in Switzerland, but to have had its origin +in more remote times, as quoted in several authors, that anciently +monasteries usually had a painted representation of a Death's Dance upon +the walls. It is a subject, therefore, open to any artist, nor could it be +said he had pirated anything if he treated the subject after his own +fashion. "The Dance of Death" begins of course with king, the queen, the +bishop, the lawyer, the lovers, &c., and ends with the child, whom Death is +leading away from the weeping mother. The original plates of Hollar, from +Holbein's drawings, are possibly still extant, but they are by no means +perfect, although admirable in expression. The deaths or skeletons are very +ill-drawn as to the anatomical structure, and were they better the work +would be excellent. The Death lugging off the fat abbot is inimitable; and +the gallant way he escorts the lady abbess out the convent door is very +good. I have the engravings by Hollar, and have made some of the designs +afresh, intending to lithograph them at some future day; but there being +thirty subjects in all, the work would be a difficult task. Mr. J. B. Yates +might, indeed, with his excellent collection of Emblemata, revive this old +and beautiful taste now in abeyance: it is now rarely practised by our +painters. There is, however, a very fine picture in the Royal Academy +Exhibition, by Mr. Goodall, which is, strictly speaking, an emblem, though +the artist calls it an historical episode. Now it appears to me an episode +cannot be reduced into a representation; it might embrace a complete +picture in writing, but as I read the picture it is an emblem, and would +have been still more perfect had the painter treated it accordingly. The +old man at the helm of the barge might well represent Strafford, because, +though he holds the tiller, he is not engaged in steering right, his eyes +are not directed to his port. Charles himself, rightly enough, has his back +to the port, and is truly not engaged in manly affairs, nor attending to +his duty; but the sentiment of frivolity here painted cannot, I should say, +attach itself to him, for he is not to be reproached with idling away his +time with women and children, as this more strictly must be laid to his +son. But the port where some grim-looking men are seriously waiting for +him, completes a very happy and poetical idea, but incomplete as an emblem, +which it really is; and were the emblematic rules more cultivated, it would +have told its story much better. + +At present, the taste of the day lies in more direct caricature, and our +volatile friend _Punch_ does the needful in his wicked sallies of wit, and +his fertile pencil. His sharp rubs are perhaps more effective to John +Bull's temper, who can take a blow with Punch's truncheon and bear no +malice after it,--the heavy lectures of the ancients are not so well suited +to his constitution. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +Bayswater. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Old Lines newly revived._--The old lines of spondees and dactyls are just +now applicable:-- + + C[=o]nt[=u]rb[=a]b[=a]nt[=u]r C[=o]nst[=a]nt[=i]n[=o]p[)o]l[)i]t[=a]n[=i] + Inn[)u]m[)e]r[=a]b[)i]l[)i]b[=u]s s[=o]l[)i]c[)i]t[=u]d[)i]n[)i]b[=u]s." + +W. COLLYNS. + +Harlow. + +_Inscription near Cirencester._--In Earl Bathurst's park, near Cirencester, +stands a building--the resort in the summer months of occasional pic-nic +parties. During one of these visits, at which I {77} was present, I copied +an inscription, painted in old characters on a board, and nailed to one of +the walls, and as the whole thing had not the appearance of belonging to +modern times, and, as far as I could decipher it, it referred to some +agreement between Alfred and some of his neighbouring brother kings, +concerning boundaries of territory, I send it to you for insertion. + +A. SMITH. + + [cross] "FOEDVS . QUOD . ÆLFREDVS . ET . LVTHRVNVS . REGES . OMNES . + ANGLIAM . INTOLEBANT . ORIENTALEM . FERIERVNT . ET . NON . SOLVM . DE . + SEIPSIS . VERVM . ETIAM . DE . NATIS . SVIS . AC . NONDVM . IN . LVCEM + . EDITIS . QVOTQVOT . MISERICORDIÆ . DIVINÆ . AVT . REGIÆ . VELVNT . + ESSE . PARTICIPES . JVREJVRANDO . SANXERVNT." [cross] + + [cross] "PRIMO . DITIONIS . NOSTRÆ . FINES . TAMESIN . EVEHVNTOR . INDE + . LEAM . VSQVE . FONTEM . EJVS . TAM . RECTA . AD . BEDFORDIAM . AC . + DENIQVE . PER . VSAM . AD . VIAM . VETE . LINTIANAM." + +_Wordsworth._--In Wordsworth's touching "Lament of Mary Queen of Scots," +one of the stanzas opens with: + + "_Born all too high; by wedlock rais'd_ + _Still higher_, to be brought thus low!" + +Is it straining a point to suppose that the author has here translated the +opening words of the well-known epitaph on the Empress Matilda, mother of +our Henry II.? + + "_Ortu magna; viro major_; sed maxima prole; + Hic jacet Henrici filia, sponsa, parens." + +A. W. + +Sunningdale. + +"_Magna est Veritas et prævalebit._"--I was asked the other day whence came +this hackneyed quotation. It is taken from the uncanonical Scriptures, 3 +Esdras iv. 41.: + + "Et desiit loquendo: Et omnes populi clamaverunt, et dixerunt: Magna + est veritas, et _prævalet_." + +T. H. DE H. + +"_Putting your Foot into it._"--The legitimate origin of this term I have +seen thus explained. Perhaps it may pass as correct until a better be +found. According to the _Asiatic Researches_, a very curious mode of trying +the title to land is practised in Hindostan. Two holes are dug in the +disputed spot, in each of which the lawyers on either side put one of their +legs, and remain there until one of them is tired, or complains of being +stung by insects, in which case his client is defeated. An American writer +has remarked that in the United States it is generally the _client_, and +not the _lawyer_, "who puts his foot in it." + +W. W. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +FRAGMENTS OF MSS. + +Dr. Maitland, in his valuable volume on the "Dark Ages," has the following +remarks on a subject which I think has not met with the attention it +deserves: + + "Those who are in the habit of looking at such things, know how + commonly early printed books, whose binding has undergone the + analytical operation of damp, or mere old age, disclose the under end + pieces of beautiful and ancient manuscript. They know how freely + parchment was used for backs and bands, and fly-leaves, and even for + covers. The thing is so common, that those who are accustomed to see + old books _have ceased to notice it_." + +In order to come within the design of your pages, I must put this in the +shape of a Query, and ask, if it is not a pity that this fact has _ceased +to be noticed_? We do not know what treasures may be contained in the +shabby covers which we contemplate getting rid of. "There are thousands" +(of MSS.), says the same writer, "equally destroyed,--thousands of murdered +wretches not so completely annihilated: their ghosts do walk the earth; +they glide unseen into our libraries, our studies, our very hands; they are +all about and around us. We even take them up and lay them down, without +knowing of their existence; unless time and damp (as if to punish and mock +us for robbing them of their prey) have loosed their bonds, and set them to +confront us." + +Archbishop Tenison had not "ceased to notice it." He very diligently +rescued these "fragments" from the hands of his bookbinder and it is to be +regretted that he did not take equal precaution in preserving them. +Recently, all that I could collect have been cleaned, inlaid, and arranged +chronologically, making two interesting and valuable volumes. + +How far would it be desirable to unite for the purpose of collecting MS. +fragments, and early printed leaves? + +Might not a Society, which should have for its especial object the +_discovery_, cataloguing, and circulating information about these stray +bits, be of great service? _E. g._ I have before me five volumes of +Justinian's _Codices_ and _Digesta_, Paris, 1526; the covers of which are +made of MS. Thirteen leaves go to make one board. They are written on both +sides and thus an easy multiplication gives us 260 pages of MS., or early +printing, in the covers of one work! + +It is not unlikely that, if the results of research in this direction were +carefully registered, many perfect pieces might be recovered. + +PHILIP HALE. + +Archbishop Tenison's Library, St. Martin-in-the-Fields. + + * * * * * + +{78} + +THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. + +I have just met with a passage in the _Pseudodoxia Epidemica_ of Sir Thomas +Browne, wherein this invention is foreshadowed in terms more remarkable and +significant, if less imaginative and beautiful, than that from _The +Spectator_, to which public attention has already been directed, and which, +I conceive, must unquestionably have been written, with this particular +example of the "received tenets and commonly presumed truths" of the +learned physician's day, distinctly present to the mind of Addison. The +passage referred to is as follows: + + "There is another conceit of better notice, and _whispered thorow the + world_ with some attention; credulous and vulgar auditors readily + believing it, and more judicious and distinctive heads not altogether + rejecting it. The conceit is excellent, and, if the effect would + follow, somewhat divine: whereby we might communicate like spirits, and + confer on earth with Menippus in the moon. And this is pretended from + the sympathy of two needles touched with the same loadstone, and placed + in the centre of two abecedary circles, or rings with letters described + round about them, one friend keeping one, and another the other, and + agreeing upon the hour wherein they will communicate. For then, _saith + tradition_, at what distance of place soever, when one needle shall be + removed unto any letter, the other, by a wonderful sympathy, will move + unto the same."--Book II. chap. ii, 4to., 1669, p. 77. + +Thus it is that "coming events cast their shadows before:" and, in the +present case, one is curious to learn how far back the _shadow_ may be +traced. By whom has this _conceit_ been _whispered thorow the world_? and +in what musty tomes is that _tradition_ concealed, which speaks concerning +it? Kircher's _Catena Magnetica_ might haply tell us something in reply to +these inquiries. + +In conformity with an often repeated suggestion to the correspondents of +"N. & Q.," to the simple signature of my _habitat_, alone hitherto adopted +by me, I now subjoin my name. + +WM. MATTHEWS. + +Cowgill. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Sir Walter Raleigh._--In the discussions on the copyright question some +years ago, Sir Walter Raleigh was mentioned as one of the authors whose +posterity is totally extinct; but in his Life, as given in _Lodge's +Portraits_, his descendants are given as far down as his +great-grandchildren, of whom many were still living in 1699, at which +period, says Mr. Lodge, my information ceases. It seems unlikely that a +family then so numerous should have utterly perished since, both in its +male and female branches; and perhaps some of your correspondents may be +able to trace their subsequent history: the _name_ is certainly not +extinct, whether its bearers be his descendants or not. + +Is the gallant Sir Walter Raleigh Gilbert descended from one of Sir +Walter's half-brothers? + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Ancient Fortifications: Hertstone, Pale, Brecost._--In the Clause Rolls, +16 John, M. 6. (_Public Records_, vol. i. p. 192.) is a warrant of King +John's, addressed to the bailiffs of Peter de Maulay of Doncaster, as +follows: + + "Mandam' vob' q[=d] villa de Danecast[=r] claudi faciatis heritone et + palo sc[=d]m q[=d] fossatu f[=cm] exigit, et una leve bretasca fi + faciatis su[p=] ponte ad villa defendenda." + +Which, in Miller's History of that town (p. 40.), is thus translated: + + "We command ye, cause the town of Doncaster to be inclosed with + _hertstone_ and _pale_, according as the ditch that is made doth + require; and that ye make a light _brecost_ or barbican upon the + bridge, to defend the town." + +I shall be obliged by being informed if _hertstone_ is the correct +translation of the word "heritone," and, if so, what species of +fortification it was. _Pale_ is probably a defence composed of high wooden +stakes. _Brecost_ is questionable, I imagine, and should most likely be +spelt _bretesk_ or _bretex_. I shall be glad, however, of explanations of +the words. + +C. J. + +_Newton and Somers._--It has been said that there is a complimentary +allusion to Somers in Newton's writings. Where? + +M. + +_Daventry, Duel at._-- + + + "Veni Daintreo cum puella, + Procerum celebre duello." + + "Thence to Daintree with my jewel, + Famous for a noble duel."--_Drunken Barnaby's Journal._ + +Can any Northamptonshire reader of "N. & Q." say between whom, and when, +this duel took place? + +J. H. L. + +_Passage in Burial Service._--Whence comes the expression in the Burial +Service, "In the midst of life we are in death." I have observed that Mr. +Palmer, in his _Origines Liturgicæ_, refers for a parallel passage to +ancient liturgies, but, if I mistake not, to none but those used in +England. The passage is very scriptural: but I do not believe it exists in +the Bible. + +J. G. T. + +"_They shot him on the nine-stane rig._"--Where is the ballad beginning +with the words-- + + "They shot him on the nine-stane rig, + Beside the headless cross." + +to be found? Who is the author? + +BORDERER. + +_Wardhouse, and Fishermen's Custom there._--In a MS. local history, written +in 1619, there is this {79} passage: "They bought herrings during the +season, and then departed, _as those fishermen which kill fish at Wardhouse +do use to do at present_." + +Where was Wardhouse, and what was the custom there? + +C. J. P. + +Great Yarmouth. + +"_Adrian turn'd the bull._"--In an old MS. in my possession, the following +verse occurs:-- + + "Of whate'er else your head be full, + Remember Adrian turn'd the bull; + 'Tis time that you should turn the chase, + Kick out the knave and take the place." + +Would any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." be so good as to explain to me +the reference in the second line of the verse? + +G. M. + +_Cary's "Palæologia Chronica._"--I have an old book entitled: + + "Palæologia Chronica; a Chronological Account of Ancient Time. + Performed by Robert Cary, D.LL., Devon. London: printed by J. Darby, + for Richard Chiswell, at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church Yard, + 1677." + +and shall be glad to be informed whether the author was any relation of Dr. +Valentine Carey, who was consecrated bishop of Exeter in 1620, and died in +1626. (See Walton's _Life of Dr. Donne_.) + +CHRIS. ROBERTS. + +Bradford, Yorkshire. + +_The Southwark Pudding Wonder._--I have been very much pleased with the +perusal of a collection of MS. letters, written by the celebrated antiquary +William Stukeley to Maurice Johnson, Esq., the founder of the Gentlemen's +Society at Spalding. These letters have not been published; the MSS. exist +in the library of the Spalding Society. They contain much interesting +matter, and furnish many traits of the manners, character, and modes of +thinking and acting of their respected author. + +Can any of your readers explain the meaning of the following passage, which +is found in a letter dated 19th June, 1718: "_The Southwark Pudding wonder +is over?_" + +In the same letter the Dr. alludes to a contested election for the office +of Chamberlain of the City of London, which took place in 1718: + + "The city is all in an uproar about the election of a chamberlain, like + a country corporation for burgesses, where roast pig and beef and wine + are dealt about freely at taverns, and advertisements about it more + voluminous than the late celebrated Bangorean Notification, though not + in a calm and undisturbed way." + +PISHEY THOMPSON. + +Stoke Newington. + +_Roman Catholics confined in Fens of Ely._--Mr. Dickens, in _Household +Words_, No. 169. p. 382., in the continuation of a "Child's History of +England," says, when alluding to the threatened invasion of England by the +Spanish Armada: + + "Some of the Queen's advisers were for seizing the principal English + Catholics, and putting them to death; but the queen--who, to her + honour, used to say that she would never believe any ill of her + subjects, which a parent would not believe of her own + children--neglected the advice, and only confined a few of those who + were the most suspected among them, in the fens of Lincolnshire." + +Mr. Dickens had, of course, as he supposed, good authority for making this +statement; but, in reply to a private communication, he states it should +have been _Fens of Ely_. I am, perhaps convicting myself of gross ignorance +by seeking for information respecting it; nevertheless, I venture to ask +the readers of at "N. & Q." for a reference to the authentic history, where +a corroboration of Mr. Dickens' statement is to be found? + +PISHEY THOMPSON. + +Stoke Newington. + +_White Bell Heather transplanted._--Is it generally known that _white bell_ +heather becomes _pink_ on being transplanted from its native hills into a +garden? Two plants were shown to me a few days ago, by a country neighbour, +flowering pink, which were transplanted, the one three, and the other two, +years ago; the former had white bells for two years, the latter for one +year only. What I wish to know is, Whether these are exceptional cases or +not? + +W. C. + +Argyleshire. + +_Green's "Secret Plot."_--Can you inform me where the scene of the +following drama is laid, and the names of the _dramatis personæ_? _The +Secret Plot_; a tragedy by Rupert Green, 12mo., 1777. The author of this +play, which was published when he was only in his ninth year, was the son +of Mr. Valentine Green, who wrote a history of Worcester. + +A. Z. + +"_The full Moon brings fine Weather._"--When did this saying originate, and +have we any proof of its correctness? The late Duke of Wellington is +reported to have said, that, as regarded the weather, it was "nonsense to +have any faith in the moon." (Vide Larpent's _Private Journal_, vol. ii. p. +283.) + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Nash the Artist._--In the year 1802, Mr. F. Nash made a water-colour +drawing of the Town Hall, churches, &c., in the High Street of the ancient +borough of Dorchester; a line engraving (now rather scarce) was shortly +afterwards published therefrom by Mr. J. Frampton, then a bookseller in the +town. Can any reader of the {80} "N. & Q." inform me what Mr. Nash this +was, and what became of him? Was he related to the _Castles and Abbeys_ +Nash? + +JOHN GARLAND. + +Dorchester. + +_Woodwork of St. Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell._--The Cambridge +Architectural Society, which is now attempting the restoration of St. +Andrew's Priory Church, Barnwell, will feel deeply indebted to any of your +readers who can give them any information respecting the carved woodwork +removed from that church some forty years ago, to make way for the present +hideous arrangement of pews and pulpit. A man who lives on the spot speaks +of a fine wood screen, and highly decorated pulpit, some portions of which +were sold by auction; and the rest was in his possession for some time, and +portions of it were given away by him to all who applied for it. + +THE TREASURER. + +Trin. Coll. Camb. + +"_The Mitre and the Crown._"--I find the following work, at first published +anonymously, reprinted as Dr. Atterbury's in Sir Walter Scott's edition of +the _Somers' Tracts_. No reason is assigned by the editor for ascribing it +to him, and I should be glad to know whether there is any satisfactory +evidence for doing so. The original tract appears as anonymous the Bodleian +Catalogue: + + "The Mitre and the Crown, or a real Distinction between them: in a + Letter to a Reverend Member of the Convocation: Lond. 1711, 8vo." + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + +_Military Music._--Was military music ever played at night in the time of +King Charles I.? + +MILITARIS. + +Belfast. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Stoven Church._--Can you give me any information concerning the _original_ +church of Stoven, Suffolk, which was of good Norman work throughout, as +lately ascertained by the vast number of Norman mouldings found in the +walls in restoring it? + +L. (2) + + [In Jermyn's "Suffolk Collections," vol. vi. (Add. MSS. 8173.), in the + British Museum, are the following Notes of this church, taken 1st June, + 1808, by H. I. and D. E. D.: "The Church consists of a nave and + chancel, both under one roof, which is covered with thatch. The chancel + is 30 ft. 3 in. long, and 15 ft. 5 in. wide. The communion-table is + neither raised nor inclosed. The floor of the whole church is also of + the same height. The nave is 30 ft. long, and 16 ft. 1 in. wide. + Between the chancel and nave are the remains of a screen, and over it + the arms of George II., between two tables containing the Lord's + Prayer, &c. In the N. E. angle is the pulpit, which is of oak, hexagon, + ordinary, as are also the pews and seats. At the W. end stands the + font, which is octagon, the faces containing roses and lions, and two + figures holding blank escutcheons, the pedestal supported by four + lions. The steeple is in the usual place, small, square, of flints, but + little higher than the roof. In it is only one bell, inscribed 1759. + The entrance into the church on the N. side is through a circular Saxon + arch, not much ornamented. On the side is another of the same + description, but more ornamented, with zig-zag moulding, &c." Then + follow the inscriptions, &c. in the chancel, of Mrs. Elizabeth Brown, + John Brown, Thomas Brown; in the nave, of Henry Keable, with extracts + from the parish register commencing in 1653.] + +_The Statute of Kilkenny._--Said to have been passed in 1364. What was the +nature of it? + +ABREDONENSIS. + + [This statute legally abolished the ancient code of the Irish, called + the Brehon laws, and was passed in a parliament held at Kilkenny in the + 40th Edward III., under the government of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, + Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. By this act, the English are commanded in + all controversies to govern themselves by the common laws of England, + so that whoever submitted himself to the Brehon law, or the law of the + Marches, is declared a traitor. Among other things the statute enacted + that "the alliaunce of the English by marriage with any Irish, the + nurture of infantes, and gossipred with the Irish, be deemed high + treason." And again, "If anie man of English race use an Irish name, + Irish apparell, or any other guize or fashion of the Irish, his lands + shall be seized, and his bodie imprisoned, till he shall conform to + English modes and customs." This statute was followed by the 18th Henry + VI. c. i. ii. iii., and the 28th Hen. VI., c. i., with similar + prohibitions and penalties. These prohibitions, however, had little + effect; nor were the English laws universally submitted to throughout + Ireland until the time of James I., when the final extirpation of the + ancient Brehon law was effected.] + +_Kenne of Kenne._--Can any of your Kentish correspondents inform me to whom +a certain Christ. Kenne of Kenne, in co. Somerset, sold the manor of +"Oakley," in the parish of Higham, near Rochester; and in whose possession +it was about the close of the reign of Queen Elizabeth or commencement of +James I.? + +The above Kenne, by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Roger +Cholmeley, and widow of Sir Leonard Beckwith, of Selby, in co. York, +acquired possession of the same manor in co. Kent. + +After the death of his first wife, he married a Florence Stalling, who +survived him. He died in 1592. + +F. T. + + ["Christopher Kenne of Kenne, in the county of Somerset, Esq., was + possessed of the manor of Little Okeley, in Higham, Kent, in the right + of his wife, the daughter and co-heir of Sir Roger Cholmeley, anno {81} + 22 Eliz.; and then, having levied a fine of it, sold it to Thompson, + and he, in the reign of Charles I., alienated it to Best."--_Hasted._ + + Of course, the Christian name of Thompson, and other particulars if + required, can be obtained by a reference to the foot of the fine in the + Record Office, Carlton Ride.] + +_Rents of Assize, &c._--In the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, the following +varieties of income derived from rent of land constantly recur, viz.: + + "De redditu (simply). + De redditu assisæ. + De redditu libero. + De redditu ad voluntatem." + +Can the distinction between these be exactly explained by any corresponding +annual payments for land according to present custom? And will any of your +readers be kind enough to give such explanation? + +J. + + [_Redditus._--Rents from lands let out to tenants; modern farm rents. + + _Redditus Assisæ._--Quit rents: fixed sums paid by the tenants of a + manor annually to the lord; as in modern times. + + _Redditus Liberi._--Those quit rents which were paid to the lord by + "liberi tenentes," freeholders; as distinguished from "villani bassi + tenentes," &c. + + _Redditus ad voluntatem._--Annual payments "ad voluntatem donatium;" + such as "confrana," &c. The modern Easter Offering perhaps corresponds + with them.] + +_Edifices of Ancient and Modern Times._--Can any of your architectural or +antiquarian readers inform me where a chronological list of the principal +edifices of ancient and modern times can be found? + +GETSRN. + + [Consult _Chronological Tables of Ancient and Modern History + Synchronistically and Ethnographically arranged_, fol., Oxford, 1835. + For those relating to Great Britain, see Britton's _Chronological and + Historical Illustrations_, and his _Architectural Antiquities of Great + Britain_.] + +_Gorram._--Please to direct me where I can find a short account of Gorram, +an ecclesiastical writer (I suppose) mentioned by D'Aubigné, vol. v. p. +245. + +L. (2) + + [The divine alluded to by D'Aubigné is no doubt Nicholas de Gorran, a + Dominican, confessor to Philip the Fair of France. He was an admired + and eloquent preacher, and his Sermons, together with a Commentary on + the Gospels, appeared at Paris, 1523 and 1539. He died in 1295.] + +"_Rock of Ages._"--Who is the author of the hymn beginning "Rock of Ages?" + +J. G. T. + + [That celebrated advocate for _The Calvinism of the Church of England_, + the Rev. Augustus Montague Toplady.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +REMUNERATION OF AUTHORS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 591.) + +Responding to the challenge of your correspondent MR. ANDREWS, I copy the +following from my common-place book: + +_From Lintot's memorandum-book of "Copies when purchased."_ + + _Farquhar._ + £ s. d. + 1705. Recruiting Officer 16 2 6 + 1706. Beaux Stratagem 30 0 0 + + _Betterton._ + + 1712. The Miller's Tale, with some characters + from Chaucer 5 7 6 + + _Mr. Centlivre._ + + 1703. May 14. Love's Contrivance 10 0 0 + 1709. May 14. Busy Body 10 0 0 + + _Mr. Cibber._ + + 1701. Nov. 8. A third of Love's Last Shift 3 4 6 + 1705. Nov. 5. Perolla and Izadora 36 11 0 + 1707. Oct. 27. Double Gallant 16 2 6 + Nov. 22. Lady's Last Stake 32 5 0 + Feb. 26. Venus and Adonis 5 7 6 + 1708. Oct. 9. Comical Lover 10 15 0 + 1712. Mar. 16. Cinna's Conspiracy 13 0 0 + 1718. Oct. 1. The Nonjuror 105 0 0 + + _Mr. Gay._ + + 1713. May 12. Wife of Bath 25 0 0 + 1714. Nov. 11. Letter to a Lady 5 7 6 + 1715. Feb. 14. The What-d'ye-call-it? 16 2 6 + Dec. 22. Trivia 43 0 0 + Epistle to the Earl of Burlington 10 15 0 + 1717. May 4. Battle of the Frogs 16 2 6 + Jan. 8. Three Hours after Marriage 43 2 6 + Revival of the Wife of Bath 75 0 0 + The Mohocks, a farce 2l. 10s. + Sold the Mohocks to him again. + ----------- + 234 10 0 + ----------- + + _Captain Killegrew._ + + 1718-l9. Feb. 14. Chit Chat 84 0 0 + + _Mr. Ozell._ + + 1711. Nov. 18. } Translating Homer's Iliad, + 1712. Jan. 4. } books i. ii. iii. 10 8 6 + 1713. April 29. Translating Molière 37 12 6 + + _N. Rowe, Esq._ + + Dec. 12. Jane Shore 50 15 0 + 1715. April 27. Jane Grey 73 5 0 + + _Somerville._ + + 1727. July 14. A Collection of Poems. 35 15 0 + + {82} + + _Pope._ + + 1712. Feb. 19. Statius, 1st book, and Verstumnus + and Pomona 16 2 6 + Mar. 21. First edition of the Rape 7 0 0 + April 9. To a lady presenting Voiture. + Upon Silence. To the author + of a poem called Successio 3 16 6 + + 1712-13. Windsor Forest (Feb. 23) 32 5 0 + + 1713. July 23. Ode to St. Cecilia's Day 15 0 0 + + 1714. Feb. 20. Addition to the Rape 15 0 0 + Mar. 23. Homer, vol. i. 215 0 0 + 650 copies on royal paper 176 0 0 + + 1715. Feb. 1. Temple of Fame 32 5 0 + April 21. Key to the Lock 10 15 0 + + 1716. Feb. 9. Homer, vol. ii. 215 0 0 + May 2. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 + July 17. Essay on Criticism 15 0 0 + + 1717. Aug. 9. Homer, vol. iii. 215 0 0 + + 1718. Jan. 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 + Mar. 3. Homer, vol. iv. 210 0 0 + 650 royal paper 150 0 0 + Oct. 17. Homer, vol. v. 210 0 0 + + 1719. April 6. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 + + 1720. Feb. 26. Homer, vol. vi. 210 0 0 + May 7. 650 royal paper 150 0 0 + + 1721. Parnell's Poems 15 0 0 + Paid Mr. Pope for the subscription-money + due on the 2nd volume of his + Homer, and on his 5th volume, at + the agreement for the said 5th vol.--(I + had Mr. Pope's assignment for + the royal paper that was then left of + his Homer) 840 0 0 + + Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. i. ii. iii., + and 750 of each volume printed on royal + paper, 4to. 615 0 0 + + Copy-money for the Odyssey, vols. iv. and + v., and 750 of each royal 425 18 7½ + ---------------- + £4244 8 7½ + ---------------- + + +From that storehouse of instruction and amusement, Nichols's _Anecdotes_, +vol. viii. pp. 293-304. + +I take this opportunity of forwarding to you a curious memorandum which I +found in rummaging the papers of a "note-maker" of the last century. It +appears to be a bill of fare for the entertainment of a party, upon the +"flitch of bacon" being decreed to a happy couple. It is at Harrowgate, and +not at Dunmow, which would lead us to believe that this custom was not +confined to one county. The feast itself is almost as remarkable, as +regards its component parts, as that produced by Mr. Thackeray, in his +delightful "Lectures," as characteristic of polite feeding in Queen Anne's +reign: + + "_June 25.--Mr. and Mrs. Liddal's Dinner at Green Dragon, Harrowgate, + on taking Fflitch Bacon Oath._ + + _Bill Fare._ + Beans and bacon. + Cabbage, colliflower. + Three doz. chickens. + Two shoulders mutton, cowcumbers. + Two turbets. + Rump beef, &c. &c. + Goose and plumbpudding. + Quarter lamb, sallad. + Tarts, jellies, strawberries, cream. + Cherrys, syllabubs, and blomonge. + Leg lamb, spinnage. + Crawfish, pickled salmon. + Fryd tripe, calves' heads. + Gravy and Pease soup. + Two piggs. + Breast veal, ragoud. + Ice cream, pine apple. + Surloin beaf. + Pidgeons, green peas. + Lobsters, crabs. + Twelve red herrings, twenty-two dobils." + +W. R. + +Stockwell. + + * * * * * + +ON THE USE OF THE HOUR-GLASS IN PULPITS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 489.) + +Perhaps the following may be of service as a farther illustration of this +subject. + +Zacharie Boyd says, in _The Last Battell of the Sovle in Death_, 1629, +reprinted Glasgow, 1831, at p. 469.: + + "Now after his Battell ended hee hath surrendered the spirit, + _Clepsydra effluxit_, his _houre-glasse_ is now runne out, and his + soule is come to its wished home, where it is free from the fetters of + flesh." + +This divine was minister of the barony parish of Glasgow, the church for +which was then in the crypt of the cathedral. I have no doubt the +hour-glass was there used from which he draws his simile. Your +correspondent refers to sermons an hour long, but, to judge from the +contents of "Mr. Zacharie's" MS. sermons still preserved in the library of +the College of Glasgow, each, at the rate of ordinary speaking, must have +occupied at least an hour and a half in delivery. When he had become infirm +and near his end, and had found it necessary to shorten his sermons, his +"kirk session" was offended, as-- + + "Feb. 13, 1651. Some are to speak to Mr. Z. Boyd about the soon + skailing (dismissing) of the Baronie Kirk on Sunday afternoon." + +Though sermons are now generally restricted from three quarters to an +hour's delivery, the practice of long preaching in the olden times in the +west of Scotland had much prevailed. Within my own recollection I have +heard sermons of nearly two hours' duration; and early among a few classes +of the first Dissenters, on "Sacramental Occasions" as they are yet called, +the services lasted altogether (not unfrequently) continuously from ten +o'clock on Sabbath forenoon, to three and {83} four o'clock the following +morning. A traditional anecdote is current of an old Presbyterian +clergyman, unusually full of matter, who, having preached out his +hour-glass, was accustomed to pause, and addressing the precentor, +"_Another glass and then_," recommenced his sermon. + +A pictorial representation of the hour-glass in a country church is to be +seen in front of the precentor's desk, or pulpit, in a very scarce +humorsome print, entitled "Presbyterian Penance," by the famous David +Allan. It also figures in the engraving of the painting by Wilkie, of John +Knox preaching before Mary Queen of Scots. About twenty years ago it was +either in the Cathedral of Stirling or the Armory of the Castle (the +ancient chapel), that I saw the hour-glass (about twelve inches high) which +had been connected with one or other of the pulpits, from both of which +John Knox is said to have preached. It is likely the hour-glass is there +"even unto this day" (unless abstracted by some relic hunter); and if it +could be depended on as an original appendage to the pulpits, would prove +that its use was coeval with the times of the Scottish Reformation. I think +its high antiquity as certain as the oaken pulpits themselves. + +At an early period the general poverty of the country, and the scarcity of +clocks and watches, must have given rise to the adoption of the hour +sand-glass, a simple instrument, but yet elegant and impressive, for the +measurement of a brief portion of our fleeting span. + +G. N. + +Glasgow. + +On the 31st May, 1640, the churchwardens of great Staughton, co. +Huntingdonshire, "are, and stand charged with (among other church goods), a +pulpit standinge in the church, having a cover over the same, and an +houre-glasse adjoininge." + +Copy of a cutting from a magazine, name and date unknown: + + "Among Dr. Rawlinson's manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, No. 941 + contains collection of _Miscellaneous Discourses_, by Mr. Lewis of + Margate, in Kent, whence the following extract has been made: + + "'It appears that these hour-glasses were coeval with our Reformation. + In a fine frontispiece, prefixed to the Holy Bible of the bishops' + translation, printed in 4to. by John Day, 1569, Archbishop Parker is + represented in the pulpit with an hour-glass standing on his right + hand; ours, here, stood on the left without any frame. It was proper + that some time should be prescribed for the length of the sermon, and + clocks and watches were not then so common as they are now. This time + of an hour continued till the Revolution, as appears by Bishop + Sanderson's, Tillotson's, Stillingfleet's, Dr. Barrow's, and others' + sermons, printed during that time.' + + "The writer of this article was informed in 1811 by the Rev. Mr. + Burder, who had the curacy of St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, that the + large silver hour-glass formerly used in that church, was melted down + into two staff heads for the parish beadles. + + "An hour-glass frame of iron, fixed in the wall by the side of the + pulpit, was remaining in 1797 in the church of North Moor, in + Oxfordshire." + +JOSEPH RIX. + +St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. + +In many of our old pulpits built during the seventeenth century, when hour +sermons were the rule, and thirty minutes the exception, the shelf on which +the glass used to stand may still be seen. If I recollect rightly, that of +Miles Coverdale was thus furnished, as stated in the newspapers, at the +time the church of Bartholomew was removed. Perhaps this emblem was adopted +on gravestones as significant of the character of Death as a minister or +preacher. + +The late Basil Montague, when delivering a course of lectures on "Laughter" +at the Islington Institution some few years since, kept time by the aid of +this antique instrument. If I remember aright, he turned the glass and +said, "_Another glass and then_," or some equivalent expression. + +E. G. BALLARD. + +There is an example at the church of St. Alban, Wood Street, Cheapside. +This church was rebuilt by Sir C. Wren, and finished 1685; showing that the +hour-glass was in use subsequent to the times alluded to. + +J. D. ALLCROFT. + +I saw on 13th January last, an iron hour-glass stand affixed to a pillar in +the north aisle of Belton Church, in the Isle of Axholme. + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey. + + * * * * * + +LADIES' ARMS BORNE IN A LOZENGE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 571.) + +The subject of the Query put by your correspondent is one that has +frequently occurred to me, but which is involved in obscurity. Heraldic +writers generally have contented themselves with the mere statement of +ladies' arms being thus borne; and where we do find an opinion hazarded, it +is more in the form of a quotation from a nameless author, or of a timid +suggestion, than an attempt to elucidate the question by argument or from +history. + +By some this form of shield is said to have descended to us from the +Amazons, who bore such: others say, from the form of their tombstones! Now +we find it to represent the ancient spindle so much used by ladies; and +again to be a shield found by the Romans unfit for use, and therefore +transferred to the weaker sex, who were "allowed to place their ensigns +upon it, with one corner always uppermost." {84} + +Here are quotations from a few of our writers on the science of Heraldry:-- + +BURKE, _Encyclop. Herald._ 1844. Queen Victoria bears her arms on a full +and complete shield; "for," says the old rhyme-- + + "Our sagest men of lore define + The kingly state as masculine, + Paiseant, martial bold and strong, + The stay of right, the scourge of wrong; + Hence those that England's sceptre wield, + Must buckle on broad sword and shield, + And o'er the land, and o'er the sea, + Maintain her sway triumphantly." + +This, unfortunately, is only one side of the question: and, though +satisfactorily accounting for the shape of the shield of royalty, does not +enlighten us on the "origin and meaning" of the lozenge. + +BARRINGTON, _Display of Heraldry_, 1844:-- + + "An unmarried daughter bears her father's arms on a lozenge-shaped + shield, without any addition or alteration." + +BERRY, _Encycl. Herald._ 1830:-- + + "The arms of maidens and widows should be borne in shields of this + shape." + +ROBSON, _British Herald_, 1830:-- + + "Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, differing from the fusil, being + shorter and broader. Plutarch says that in Megara [read Megura], an + ancient town of Greece, _the tombstones under which the bodies of + Amazons lay_ were of that form: some conjecture this to be the cause + why ladies have their arms on lozenges." + +PORNY, _Elements of Heraldry_, 1795, supposes-- + + "The lozenge may have been originally a _fusil_, or _fusée_, as the + French call it: it is a figure longer than the lozenge, and _signifies + a spindle_, which is a woman's instrument." + +This writer also quotes _Sylvester de Petra Sancta_, who would have this +shield to "_represent a cushion_, whereon women used to sit and spin, or do +other housewifery." + +BRYDSON, _Summary View of Heraldry_, 1795:-- + + "The shields on which armorial bearings are represented are of various + forms, as round, oval, or somewhat resembling a heart; which last is + the most common form. Excepting sovereigns, women unmarried, or widows, + bear their arms on a lozenge shield, which is of a square form, so + placed as to have one of its angles upwards, _and is supposed to + resemble a distoff_." + +BOYES, _Great Theatre of Honour_, 1754. In this great work the various +forms of shields, and the etymology of their names, are treated on at +considerable length. The Greeks had five:--the _Aspis_, the _Gerron_ or +_Gerra_, the _Thurios_, the _Laiveon_, and the _Pelte_ or _Pelta_. The +Romans had the _Ancile_, the _Scutum_, the _Clypeus_, the _Parma_, the +_Cetra_, and others; but none of these approached the shape of the lozenge. +The shields of modern nations are also dealt with at length; still the +author appears to have had no information nor an opinion upon the lozenge, +which he dismisses with these remarks:-- + + "L'écu des filles est _en lozenge_, de même de celui des veuves; et en + France et ailleurs, celles-ci l'ornent et l'entourent d'une cordelière + ou cordon à divers neuds. Quant aux femmes mariées, elles accollent + d'ordinaire leurs armes avec celles de leurs époux; mais quelquefois + elles les portent aussi _en lozenge_." + +COATES, _Dictionary of Heraldry_, 1725, quotes Colombière, a French herald, +who, he says, gives upwards of thirty examples of differently formed +shields; but no allusion is made to the lozenge. + +CARTER, _Honor Redivivus_, 1660. + +DUGDALE, _Ancient Usage in bearing Arms_, 1682. + +GWILLIM, _Display of Heraldry_, 1638. + +CAMDEN, _Remains_, 1637. + +GERARD LEGH, _Accedence of Armorie_, 1576. + +None of these authors have touched on the subject; which, considering that +at the least two of them are the greatest authorities, appears somewhat +strange. + +FERNE, _Blazon of Gentrie_, 1586-- + + "Thinks the lozenge is formed of the shield called _Tessera_ or + _Tessela_, which the Romans, finding unfit for use, did allow to women + to place their ensigns upon, with one of its angles always upmost." + +Though unable at this moment to furnish examples in proof of my opinion, I +must say that it is contrary to the one expressed by your correspondent +CEYREP, that "formerly all ladies of rank" bore their arms upon a complete +shield, or bore shields upon their seals. The two instances cited by him +are rather unfortunate, the connexion of both ladies with royalty being +sufficiently close to suggest the possibility of their right to the "full +and complete" shield. + +Margaret, Duchess (not Countess) of Norfolk, was sole heir of her father, +Thomas of Brotherton, fifth Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I., and +Marshal of England. She, "for the greatness of her birth, her large +revenues and wealth," was created Duchess of Norfolk for life; and at the +coronation of King Richard II. she exhibited her petition "to be accepted +to the office of High Marshal," which was, I believe, granted. In such +case, setting aside her royal descent, I apprehend that, by virtue of her +office, she would not bear her arms in a lozenge. She bore the arms of +England with only a label for difference. + +Margaret, Countess of Richmond, was herself royally descended, being +great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III.; was +daughter-in-law of Henry V.'s widow, and mother of Henry VII. Being +descended from the antenuptial children of John of Gaunt's third wife, who +had been legitimatised by act of parliament for all purposes except +succession to the crown, {85} Henry VII. would probably desire by every +means in his power to suppress anything suggestive of his unsubstantial +title to the crown. It might be by his particular desire that his mother +assumed the full regal shield, on which to emblazon arms differing but +slightly from those of her son, the king. + +It is not, however, my opinion that the form of shield under consideration +is anything like so ancient as some of the authors would make it. I do not +believe it comes to us either from the Amazons or the Romans. + +My own opinion, in the absence of any from the great writers to guide me, +is, that we owe the use of this form of shield amongst ladies to +_hatchments_ or _funeral achievements_. During the time of mourning for +persons of rank, their coats of arms are set up in churches and over the +principal entrances of their houses. On these occasions it is well known +their arms are always placed in a large black lozenge; a form adopted as +the most proper figure for admitting the coats of arms of sixteen ancestors +to be placed round it, four on each of the sides of the square. + +It was not until the reign of Richard III. that the College of Arms was +regularly incorporated; and though the science of heraldry received its +highest polish during the splendid reigns of Edward III. and Henry V., it +had yet scarcely been subjected to those rules which since the +establishment of the College have controlled it. Mark Noble, in his +_History of the College of Arms_, says that the latter reign-- + + "If it did not add to the wealth of the nation at large, gave rise to a + number of great families, enriched by the spoils of Azincourt, the + plunder of France, and the ransom of princes. The heraldic body was + peculiarly prized and protected by the king, who, however, was very + whimsical in the adoption of cognizances and devices." + +During the greater portion of the fourteenth century, and the early part of +the fifteenth, there was a rage for jousts, tilts, and tournaments; and +almost every English nobleman had his officers of arms; dukes, marquesses, +and earls were allowed a herald and pursuivant; the lower nobility, and +even knights, might retain one of the latter. To these officers belonged +the ordering of everything relating to the solemn and magnificent funerals, +which were so general in these centuries, and which they presided over and +marshalled. + +During the reign of Edward IV. the exact form of these obsequies was +prescribed. Not only were the noblemen's own heralds there, but the king's +also; and not in tabards bearing the sovereign's, but the deceased's arms. + +So preposterously fond of funeral rites were monarchs and their subjects, +that the obsequies of princes were observed by such sovereigns as were in +alliance with them, and in the same state as if the royal remains had been +conveyed from one Christian kingdom to another. Individuals had their +obsequies kept in various places where they had particular connexions.[3] + +Is it too much then to presume that in the midst of all this pomp and +affectation of grief, the hatchment of the deceased nobleman would be +displayed as much, and continued as long, as possible by the widow? May we +not reasonably believe that these ladies would vie with each other in these +displays of the insignia of mourning, until, by usage, the lozenge-shaped +hatchment became the shield appropriated to the sex? + +These hypotheses are not without some foundation; but if any of your +correspondents will enunciate another theory, I shall be glad to give it my +support if it is found to be more reasonable than the foregoing. + +BROCTUNA. + +Bury, Lancashire. + +[Footnote 3: Noble.] + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Multiplication of Photographs._--In Vol. viii., p. 60. is a letter from +MR. JOHN STEWART of Pau suggesting certain modes of operating in producing +positive photographs, and which suggestions are apparently offered as +_novelties_, when, in fact, they have been for some considerable time in +practice by other manipulators. Of course, I do not suppose that they are +otherwise regarded by MR. STEWART than as novelties, who cannot be +acquainted with what is doing here; but it appears to me desirable to +discriminate between facts that are _absolutely_, and those that are +_relatively_ new. + +Most of the transparent stereoscopic photographs sold in such numbers by +all our eminent opticians, _are actually produced_ in the way recommended +by MR. STEWART; and reduced copies of photographs, &c., have been produced +in almost every possible variety by DR. DIAMOND, and many others of our +most eminent photographers. Very early in the history of this science, the +idea was suggested by Mr. Fox Talbot himself, of taking views of a small +size, and enlarging them for multiplication; and, if I am rightly informed, +Mr. Ross was applied to to construct a lens specially for the purpose. Some +months back, as early at least as March or April in the present year, Mr. +F. H. Wenham actually printed on common chloride paper a _life-size_ +positive from a small negative on collodion; and immediately afterwards +adopted the use of iodized paper for the same purpose; and after he had +exhibited the proofs, I myself repeated the experiment. In fact, had there +been time at the last meeting of the Photographic Society, a paper on this +very subject would have been read by Mr. Wenham; but the {86} business +before the meeting was too extensive to admit of it. My object is not, of +course, to offer any objection to the proposition, but simply to put in a +claim of merit for the idea originally due to Mr. Fox Talbot, and +secondarily to Mr. Wenham, who I believe was an earlier operator in this +way than any one. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Yellow Bottles for Photographic Chemicals._--As light transmitted through +a yellow curtain, or yellow glass, does not affect photographic operations, +would it not be desirable to keep the nitrate of silver and its solutions +in yellow glass bottles, instead of covering the plain white glass with +black paper, as I see directed in some cases? + +CERIDWEN. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Donnybrook Fair_ (Vol. vii., p. 549.).--ABHBA will find his answer in +D'Alton's _History of the County of Dublin_, p. 804.: + + "About the year 1174, Earl 'Strongbow' gave Donnybrock (Devonalbroc), + amongst other lands, to Walter de Riddlesford; and in 1204, King John + granted to the corporation of Dublin license for an _annual eight-day + fair here_, commencing on the day of the finding of the Holy Cross (May + 3rd), with similar stallages and tolls, as established in Waterford and + Limerick." + +This scene of an Irishman's glory has been daguerreotyped in lines that may +be left in your pages, as being probably quite as little known to your +readers as is the work above cited: + + "Instead of weapons, either band + Seized on such arms as came to hand. + And as famed Ovid paints th' adventures + Of wrangling Lapithæ and Centaurs, + Who at their feast, by Bacchus led, + Threw bottles at each others' head; + And these arms failing in their scuffles, + Attack'd with andirons, tonges, and shovels: + So clubs and billets, staves and stones, + Met fierce, encountering every sconce, + And cover'd o'er with knobs and pains, + Each void receptacle for brains." + +J. D. + +_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424.; Vol. v., pp. 38. 94. 450., Vol. viii., p. +42.).--Not having my "N. & Q." at hand, I cannot say what may have been +already told on this subject, but I think I can answer the Queries of your +last correspondent, H. T. RYLEY. There can be, I think, no doubt that the +familiar use of the name Abigail, for the _genus_ "lady's maid," is derived +from one whom I may call _Abigail the Great_; who, before she ascended King +David's bed and throne, introduced herself under the oft-reiterated +description of a "hand-maid." (See 1 Sam. xxv. 24, 25, 27, 28, 31.) I have +no _Concordance_ at hand, but I suspect there is no passage in Scripture +where the word _hand-maid_ is more prominent; and so the idea became +associated with the name _Abigail_. An _Abigail_ for a hand-maid is +therefore merely analogous to a _Goliath_ for a giant; a _Job_ for a +patient man; a _Samson_ for a strong one; a _Jezebel_ for a shrew, &c. I +need hardly add, that H. T. RYLEY'S conjecture, that this use of the term +_Abigail_ had any relation to the Lady Masham, is, therefore, quite +supererogative--but I may go farther. The old Duchess of Marlborough's +_Apology_, which _first_ told the world that Lady Masham's Christian name +was Abigail, and that she was a poor cousin of her own, was not published +till 1742, when all feeling about "Abigail Hill and her brother Jack" was +extinct. In fine, it will be found that the use of the term _Abigail_ for a +lady's maid was much more frequent _before_ the change of Queen Anne's Whig +ministry than _after_. + +C. + +_Honorary Degrees_ (Vol. viii, p. 8.).--Honorary degrees give no corporate +rights. Johnson never himself assumed the title of Doctor; conferred on him +first by the University of Dublin in 1765, and afterwards in 1775 by that +of Oxford. See Croker's _Boswell_, p. 168. n. 5., for the probable motives +of Johnson's never having called himself Doctor. + +C. + +_Red Hair_ (Vol. vii., p. 616.).--The Danes are said to have been (and to +be even now) a red-haired race. + +They were long the scourge of England, and to this possibly may be +attributed in some degree the prejudice against people having hair of that +colour. + +In Denmark, it is said, red-hair is esteemed a beauty. + +That red-haired people are fiery and passionate is undoubtedly true; at +least I vouch for it as far as my experience goes; but that they emit a +disagreeable odour when inattentive to personal cleanliness, is probably a +vulgar prejudice arising from the colour of their hair, resembling that of +the fox--_unde_ the term "foxy." + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + +_Historical Engraving_ (Vol. vii., p. 619).--I am glad I happen to be able +to inform E. S. TAYLOR that his engraving, about the restoration of Charles +II., is to be found in a book entitled-- + + "Verhael in forme van Journal, van de Reys ende 't Vertoeven van den + seer Doorluchtige ende Machtige Prins Carel de II." &c. "In 's + Graven-hage, by Adrian Vlack, M.DC.LX." &c. + +Folio. The names at the corner of the engraving are apparently "F. T. +vliet, jn. P. Phillipe, sculp." + +J. M. G. + +_Proverbs quoted by Suetonius_ (Vol. vii., p. 594).--A full explanation of +the proverb [Greek: speude bradeôs] {87} will be found in the _Adagia_ of +Erasmus, under the head "Festina lente," p. 588., edit. 1599. That it was a +favourite proverb of the Emperor Augustus is also stated by Gellius, _Noct. +Att._ x. 11., and Macrob., Saturn. vi. 8. The verse,-- + + "[Greek: asphalês gar est' ameinôn ê thrasus stratêlatês]," + +is from the _Phoenissæ_ of Euripides, v. 599. + +L. + +"_Sat cito, si sat bene_" (Vol. v., p. 594; Vol. viii., p. 18.).--Your +correspondent C. thinks that F. W. J. is mistaken in calling it a favourite +maxim of Lord Eldon. Few persons are more apt to make mistakes than +F. W. J. He therefore sends the following extract from Twiss's _Life of +Lord C. Eldon_, vol. i. p. 49. They are Lord Eldon's own words, after +having narrated the anecdote to which C. refers: + + "In short, in all that I have had to do in future life, professional + and judicial, I have always felt the effect of this early admonition on + the pannels of the vehicle which conveyed me from school, 'Sat cito, si + sat bene.' It was the impression of this which made me that + deliberative judge--as some have said, too deliberative; and reflection + on all that is past will not authorise me to deny, that whilst I have + been thinking 'Sat cito, si sat bene,' I may not sufficiently have + recollected whether 'Sat bene, si sat cito' has had its influence." + +The anecdote, and this observation upon it, are taken by Twiss from a book +of anecdotes in Lord Eldon's own handwriting. + +F. W. J. + +_Council of Laodicea, Canon 35._ (Vol. viii., p. 7.).--CLERICUS (D.) will +find _Angelos_ in the text, without _Angulos_ in the margin, in any volume +which contains the version by Dionysius Exiguus, or that by Gentianus +Hervetus; the former printed Mogunt. 1525; Paris, 1609, 1661, and 1687: the +latter, Paris, 1561 and 1618; and sufficiently supplied by Beverege and +Howell. Both translations are given by Crabbe, Surius, Binius, and others. + +The corrupt reading _Angulos_, derived from Isidorus Mercator, appears in +the text, and without a marginal correction, in James Merlin's edition of +the _Councils_, Colon. 1530; in Carranza's _Summa_, Salmant. 1551, Lugd. +1601, Lovan. 1668 (in which last impression, the twelfth, the true heading +of the Canon, according to Dionysius and Crisconius, viz. "De his qui +_Angelos_ colunt," is restored); and in the _Sanctiones Ecclesiasticæ_ of +Joverius, Paris, 1555. + +For _Angelos_ in the text, with a courageous "fortè legendum" _Angulos_ in +the margin, in Pope Adrian's _Epitome Canonum_, we are deeply indebted to +Canisius (_Thesaur. Monum._, ii. 271. ed. Basnage); and this is the method +adopted by Longus à Coriolano and Bail. + +R. G. + +_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--I have heard my mother speak of +Anna Lightfoot: her family belonged to the religious community called +Friends or Quakers. My mother was born 1751, and died in the year 1836. The +aunt of Anna Eleanor Lightfoot was next-door-neighbour to my grandfather, +who lived in Sir Wm. Warren's Square, Wapping. The family were from +Yorkshire, and the father of Anna was a shoemaker, and kept a shop near +Execution Dock, in the same district. He had a brother who was a +linendraper, living in the neighbourhood of St. James's, at the west end of +the town; and Anna was frequently his visitor, and here it was that she +became acquainted with the great man of the day. She was missing, and +advertised for by her friends; and, after some time had elapsed, they +obtained some information as to her retreat, stating that she was well +provided for; and her condition became known to them. She had a son who was +a corn-merchant, but, from some circumstance, became deranged in his +intellects, and it is said committed suicide. But whether she had a +daughter, I never heard. A retreat was provided for Anna in one of those +large houses surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district of +Cat-and-Mutton Fields, on the east side of Hackney Road, leading from Mile +End Road; where she lived, and it is said died, but in what year I cannot +say. All this I have heard my mother tell when I was a young lad; +furthermore your deponent knoweth not. + +J. M. C. + +_Jack and Gill_ (Vol. vii., p. 572.).--A somewhat earlier instance of the +occurrence of the expression "Jack and Gill" is to be found (with a slight +difference) in John Heywood's _Dialogue of Wit and Folly_, page 11. of the +Percy Society's reprint: + + "No more hathe he in mynde, ether payne or care, + Than hathe other Cock my hors, or Gyll my mare!" + +This is probably not more than twenty years earlier than your +correspondent's quotation from Tusser. + +H. C. K. + +_Simile of the Soul and the Magnetic Needle_ (Vol. vi. _passim_; Vol. vii., +p. 508.).--Southey, in his _Omniana_ (vol. i. p. 210.), cites a passage +from the _Partidas_, in which the magnetic needle is used in illustration. +It is as follows: + + "E bien assí como los marineros se guian en la noche escura por el + aguja, que les es medianera entre la piedra é la estrella, é les + muestra por de vayan, tambien en los malos tiempos, como en los buenos; + otrosí los que han de consejar al Rey, se deven siempre guiar por la + justicia; que es medianera entre Dios é el mundo, en todo tiempo, para + dar guardalon á los buenos, é pena á los malos, á cada uno segund su + merescimiento."--2 _Partida_, tit. ix. ley 28. + +This passage is especially worthy of attention, as having been written half +a century before the supposed invention of the mariner's compass by Flavius +Gioias at Amalfi; and, as Southey {88} remarks, "it must have been well +known and in general use before it would thus be referred to as a familiar +illustration." + +I do not think that any of your correspondents have quoted the halting +lines with which Byron mars the pathos of the Rousseau-like letter of Donna +Julia (_Don Juan_, canto I. stanza cxcvi.): + + "My heart is feminine, nor can forget-- + To all, except one image, madly blind; + So shakes the needle, and so stands the pole, + As vibrates my fond heart to my fix'd soul." + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +_Gibbon's Library_ (Vol. vii., pp. 407. 455. 535.).--The following +quotation from Cyrus Redding's "Recollections of the Author of Vathek" +(_New Monthly Magazine_, vol. lxxi. p. 308.) may interest J. H. M. and your +other correspondents under this head: + + "'I bought it (says Beckford) to have something to read when I passed + through Lausanne. I have not been there since. I shut myself up for six + weeks, from early in the morning until night, only now and then taking + a ride. The people thought me mad. I read myself nearly blind.' + + "I inquired if the books were rare or curious. He replied in the + negative. There were excellent editions of the principal historical + writers, and an extensive collection of travels. The most valuable work + was an edition of _Eustathius_; there was also a MS. or two. All the + books were in excellent condition; in number, considerably above six + thousand, near seven perhaps. He should have read himself mad if there + had been novelty enough, and he had stayed much longer. + + "'I broke away, and dashed among the mountains. There is excellent + reading there, too, equally to my taste. Did you ever travel alone + among mountains?' + + "I replied that I had, and been fully sensible of their mighty + impressions. 'Do you retain Gibbon's library?' + + "'It is now dispersed, I believe. I made it a present to my excellent + physician, Dr. Schall or Scholl (I am not certain of the name). I never + saw it after turning hermit there.'" + +WILLIAM BATES. + +Birmingham. + +_St. Paul's Epistles to Seneca_ (Vol. vii., pp. 500. 583.).--The +affirmation so frequently made and alluded to by J. M. S. of Hull, that +Seneca became, in the last year of his life, a convert to Christianity, is +an old tradition, which has just been revived by a French author, M. Amédée +Fleury, and is discussed and attempted to be established by him at great +length in two octavo volumes. I have not read the book, but a learned +reviewer of it, M. S. De Sacy, shows, with the greatest appearance of +reason and authority, that the tradition, instead of being strengthened, is +weakened by all that M. Fleury has said about it. M. De Sacy's review is +contained in the _Journal des Débats_ of June 30, in which excellent paper +he is a frequent and delightful writer on literary subjects. In the hope +that it may interest and gratify J. M. S. to be informed of M. Fleury's new +work, I send this scrap of information to the "N. & Q." + +JOHN MACRAY. + +Oxford. + +_"Hip, Hip, Hurrah!"_ (Vol. vii., pp. 595. 633).--The reply suggested by +your correspondent R. S. F., that the above exclamation originated in the +Crusades, and is a corruption of the initial letters of "Hierosolyma est +perdita," never appeared to me to be very apposite. + +In _A Collection of National English Ballads_, edited and published by W. +Chapple, 1838, in a description of the song "Old Simon, the King," the +favourite of Squire Western in _Tom Jones_, the following lines are quoted: + + "'Hang up all the poor hep drinkers,' + Cries old Sim, the king of skinkers."[4] + +A note to the above states, in reference to the word "hep," that it was a +term of derision, applied to those who drank a weak infusion of the "hep" +(hip) berry, or sloe. "Hence," says the writer, "the exclamation of 'Hip, +hip, hurrah,' corrupted from 'Hip, hip, away.'" The couplet quoted above +was written up in the Apollo Room at the Devil Tavern, Temple Bar, where +Ben Jonson's club, the "Apollo Club," used to meet. Many a drinker of +modern Port has equally good reason to exclaim with his brethren of old, +"Hip, hip, away!" + +J. BRENT. + +[Footnote 4: A _skinker_ is one who serves drink.] + +_Emblemata_ (Vol. vii., p. 614.).--I have a small edition of the _Emblemata +Horatiana_, with the following title-page: + + "Othonis VænI Emblemata Horatiana Imaginibus in _æs_ incisis atque + Latino, Germanico, Gallico et Belgico carmine Illustrata: Amstelædami, + apud Henricum Wetstenium, M. DC. LXXXIV." + +The engravings, of which there are 103, measure about four inches by three; +the book contains 207 pages, exclusive of the index. "Amicitiæ Trutina," +mentioned by MR. WELD TAYLOR, is the sixty-sixth plate on page 133. + +There is another volume of Emblems by Otho Venius, of which I have a copy: + + "Amorum Emblemata Figuris Æneis Incisa, studio Othonis VænI: Batavo + Lugdunensis Antverpiæe Venalia apud Auctorem prostant apud Hieronymum + Verdussen, MDCIIX." + +The engravings, of which (besides an allegorical frontispiece representing +the power of Venus) there are 124, are oval, measuring five inches in +length by three and a half inches in height. The designs appear to me to be +very good. On the {89} first plate is the name of the engraver, "C. Boel +fecit." Each engraving has a motto, with verses in Latin, Italian, and +French. Recommendatory verses, by Hugo Grotius, Daniel Heinsius, Max. +Vrientius, Ph. Rubentius, and Petro Benedetti, are prefixed. It appears +from Rose's _Biographical Dictionary_ (article "Van Veen"), that Venius +published another illustrated work, _The Seven Twin Sons of Lara_. Is this +work known? + +Horace Walpole did not appreciate Venius. He says: + + "The perplexed and silly emblems of Venius are well known."--_Anecdotes + of Painting_, vol. ii. p. 167. + +The Emblems of Gabriele Rollenhagius (of which I have also a copy) consist +of two centuries. The engravings are circular, with a motto round each, and +Latin verses at foot. My edition was published at Utrecht, MDCXIII. + +I write rather in the hope of eliciting information, than of attempting to +give any, on a subject which appears to me to deserve farther inquiry. + +Q. D. + +_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., pp. 262. 440.).--Will your +contributors J. D. S. and J. L. oblige me with references to the works in +which these privileges are mentioned? + +They will find them noticed also at pages 67. and 68. of the second volume +of L. Guicciardini's _Belgium_ (ed. 1646): "_Jus Gruis liberæ._" This is +mentioned as one of the privileges of Campvere. Can any of your legal +friends tell me what this is, and where I may find it treated of? + +E. + +_Slang Expressions: "Just the Cheese"_ (Vol. vii., p. 617.).--This phrase +is only some ten or twelve years old. Its origin was this:--Some desperate +witty fellows, by way of giving a comic turn to the phrase "C'est une autre +chose," used to translate it, "That is another cheese;" and after awhile +these words became "household words," and when anything positive or +specific was intended to be pointed out, "That's the cheese" became +adopted, which is nearly synonymous with "Just the cheese." + +ASTOLPHO. + +_The Honorable Miss E. St. Leger_ (Vol. vii., p. 598.).--Perhaps your +correspondent MR. BREEN may like to be informed that the late General the +Honorable Arthur St. Leger related to me the account of his relative having +been made a master mason, and that she had secreted herself in an old +clock-case in Doneraile House, on purpose to learn the secrets of the +lodge, but was discovered from having coughed. The Rev. Richard Arthur St. +Leger, of Starcross, Devon, has an engraving of the lady, who is +represented arrayed in all the costume of a master mason, with the apron, +ring, and jewel of the order. + +W. COLLYNS. + +Harbow. + +_Queries from the Navorscher_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.)--"The Choice of +Hercules," in the _Tatler_, was written by Addison; Swift did not +contribute more than one article to that publication, a treatise on +"Improprieties of Language." The allegory of "Religion being the Foundation +of Contentment" in the _Adventurer_, was the work of Hawkesworth, to whose +pen most of those papers are attributable. + +"_Amentium haud amantium._"--The alliteration of this passage in the +_Andria_ of Terence is somewhat difficult to preserve in English; perhaps +to render it + + "An act of _frenzy_ rather than _friendship_," + +would keep up the pun, though a weak translation, bringing to mind the +words of the song: + + "O call it by some other name, + For _friendship_ is too cold." + +In French the expression might be turned "follement plutôt que +folâtrement," although this is a fault on the other side, and a stronger +word than the original. + +T. O. M. + +"_Pity is akin to love_" (Vol. i., p. 248.).--Though a long time has +elapsed since the birthplace of these words was queried, no answer has, I +think, appeared in your columns. Will you then allow me to refer H. to +Southern's _Oroonoko_, Act II. Sc. 1.? + + "_Blandford._ Alas! I pity you. + + _Oroonoko._ Do pity me; + _Pity's akin to love_, and every thought + Of that soft kind is welcome to my soul. + I would be pity'd here." + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Our library table is covered at this time with books for all classes of +readers. The theological student will peruse with no ordinary interest the +learned _Dissertation on the Origin and Connexion of the Gospels, with a +Synopsis of the Parallel Passages in the Original and Authorised Version, +and Critical Notes_, by James Smith, Esq., of Jordan Hill: and when he has +mastered the arguments contained in it, he may turn to the new number of +_The Journal of Sacred Literature_, in which will be found a great variety +of able papers. Our antiquarian friends will be gratified with a volume +compiled in a great measure from original family papers, by its author Mr. +Bankes, the Member for Dorsetshire; and which narrates _The Story of Corfe +Castle, and of many who have lived there, collected from Ancient Chronicles +and Records; also from the Private Memoirs of a Family resident there in +the Time of the Civil Wars_. The volume, which is with good feeling +inscribed by the author to his friends and neighbours, Members of the +Society for Mutual Improvement in the borough of Corfe Castle, contains +many interesting {90} notices of his ancestors, the well-known judge, Sir +John Bankes and his lady--so memorable for her gallant defence of Corfe +Castle--drawn from the family papers. _The Royal Descent of Nelson and +Wellington from Edward I., King of England, with Tables of Pedigree and +Genealogical Memoirs_, compiled by G. R. French, is a handsomely printed +volume, which will please the genealogist; while the historical student +will be more interested in _The Flowers of History, especially such as +relate to the Affairs of Britain from the Beginning of the World to the +Year 1307, collected by Matthew of Westminster, translated by C. D. Yonge_, +Vol. I., a new volume of Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_, and an important +addition to his series of translations of our early national chronicles. +The classical student is indebted to the same publisher for the second +volume of Mr. Owen's _Translation of the Organon, or Logical Treatises of +Aristotle_: nor will he regard as the least important addition to his +library, the new Part (No. VII.) of Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman +Geography_, which extends from _Cyrrhus_ to _Etruria_, and is distinguished +by the same excellences as the preceding Parts. We must conclude these +Notes with a brief reference to a handsome reprint of the great work of De +Quincy, the appearance of which in the _London Magazine_ some thirty years +since created so great a sensation, we mean of course his _Confessions of +an English Opium-eater_. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LITERARY GAZETTE, 1834 to 1845. + +ATHENÆUM, Commencement to 1835. + +A NARRATIVE OF THE HOLY LIFE AND HAPPY DEATH OF MR. JOHN ANGIER. London +1685. + +MOORE'S MELODIES. 15th Edition. + +WOOD'S ATHENÆ OXONIENSES (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20. + +THE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804. + +SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steevens's edition, in 15 vols. +8vo. 1739. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +CECIL HARBOTTLE _in our next._ + +W. MERRY _and_ M. E. C. _Our Correspondents are right. The oversight in +question is certainly open to their censure._ + +_Answers to other Correspondents next week._ + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price +Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is +desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +booksellers may receive Copies in that nights parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by +Special Permission to + +THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + +PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the +Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for +Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services. Responses to the Commandments and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, +by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, +in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell +Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for +that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music +Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears"--_Musical + World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."--_John Bull._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Also, lately published, + +J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2s. + +C. LONSDALE. 26. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c., &c., used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 163. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. + +OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every +other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of +Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability +and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +BROMIZED COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO. Chemists, 289. Strand, are ready to +supply the above Photographic Agent: Vide _Photographic Journal_, June +21st. Their Iodized Collodion is highly sensitive, and retains all its +qualities unimpaired for three months. The Sensitive Solution can be had +separate. Pure Chemicals, Apparatus, and all the requisites for the +practice of Photography, and Instruction in all its Branches. + +A very superior Positive Paper. + + * * * * * + + +LA LUMIERE; French Photographic Journal. The only Journal which gives +weekly all the principal Photographic News of England and the Continent; +with Original Articles and Communications on the different Processes and +Discoveries, Reports of the French Academy of Sciences, Articles on Art, +Reviews, &c. + +Published at PARIS every SATURDAY. + +Terms, 16s. per annum in advance. All English Subscriptions and +Communications to be addressed to the English Editor, 6. Henman Terrace, +Camden Town, London. + + * * * * * + + +The Twenty-eighth Edition. + +NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on +the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means +of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by +DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from +the Author for Five Penny Stamps. + + "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5, + 1852._ + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d., + +THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. +Translated from the French. + +Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated +Lenses for Portraits and Views. + +General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères, La Croix, and other +Talbotype Papers. + +Pure Photographic Chemicals. + +Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +{91} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of +the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his +practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection +of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve +the sight to extreme old age. + +ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the +Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so +constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface +of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and +with a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light +than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes +on application to + +WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases. in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in +1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London. + +HONORARY PRESIDENTS. + + Earl of Courtown + Earl Leven and Melville + Earl of Norbury + Earl of Stair + Viscount Falkland + Lord Elphinstone + Lord Belhaven and Stenton + Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan + +LONDON BOARD. + +_Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq. +_Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq. + + H. Blair Avarne, Esq. + E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_. + C. Berwick Curtis, Esq. + William Fairlie, Esq. + D. Q. Henriques, Esq. + J. G. Henriques, Esq. + F. C. Maitland, Esq. + William Railton, Esq. + F. H. Thomson, Esq. + Thomas Thorby, Esq. + +MEDICAL OFFICERS. + +_Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D., 8. Bennett Street, St. +James's. +_Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street. + +The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as +follows:-- + + ---------+----------+--------------------+---------- + Sum | Time | Sum added to | Sum + Assured. | Assured. | Policy | Payable + | +--------------------+ at Death. + | | In 1841. In 1848. | + ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- + £ | | £ s.d.| £ s.d.| £ s.d. + 5000 | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8 + * 1000 | 7 years | - - | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0 + 500 | 1 year | - - | 11 5 0 | 511 5 0 + ---------+----------+---------+----------+---------- + +* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took +out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in +1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2¼ per +cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each +1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the +premiums paid. + +The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only +one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for +Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident +Director. + + * * * * * + + +GILBERT J. FRENCH, + +BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he +replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information +respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, +&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches, +Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c. + +Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications +by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS +delivered Free by Railway. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads; +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, +DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_ + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, + all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of + body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys + and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp + of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER. + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +{92} + +A CHEAP ISSUE OF + +MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS. + +FOR THE CONTINENT. + +HANDBOOK--TRAVEL TALK. 3s. 6d. + +HANDBOOK--BELGIUM AND THE RHINE. 5s. + +HANDBOOK--SWITZERLAND, SAVOY, AND PIEDMONT. 7s. 6d. + +HANDBOOK--NORTH GERMANY, AND HOLLAND. 9s. + +HANDBOOK--SOUTH GERMANY AND THE TYROL. 9s. + +HANDBOOK--FRANCE AND THE PYRENEES. 9s. + +HANDBOOK--SPAIN, ANDALUSIA, ETC. 16s. + +HANDBOOK--NORTH ITALY AND FLORENCE. 9s. + +HANDBOOK--SOUTH ITALY AND NAPLES. + +HANDBOOK--EGYPT AND THEBES. 15s. + +HANDBOOK--DENMARK, NORWAY, AND SWEDEN. 12s. + +HANDBOOK--RUSSIA AND FINLAND. 12s. + +FOR ENGLAND. + +HANDBOOK--MODERN LONDON. 5s. + +HANDBOOK--ENGLAND. PART I. DEVON AND CORNWALL. 6s. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXV., is published THIS DAY. + +CONTENTS: + + I. IRELAND, BY THE FOUR MASTERS. + II. HAXTHAUSEN ON RUSSIA. + III. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY--PROFESSOR OWEN. + IV. ECCLESIASTICAL FORGERIES. + V. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIGNOR RUFFINI. + VI. COUNT FICQUELMONT ON FOREIGN POLICY. + VII. REPORT OF THE OXFORD COMMISSION. + VIII. LIFE OF THOMAS MOORE. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, + +THE CHRISTIAN REMEMBRANCER, No. LXXXI., for JULY, 1853. + +CONTENTS. + + 1. Recent Metaphysics. + 2. Miss Yonge's Novels. + 3. Palmer's Dissertations on the Orthodox Communion. + 4. Stirling's Cloister Life of Charles V. + 5. Alford's Greek Testament. Vol. II. + 6. Modern Poetry. + 7. Church Penitentiary Association. + 8. Spicilegium Solesmense. + 9. Notices of New Books, &c. + +London: J. & C. MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +J. R. SMITH'S + +NEW PUBLICATIONS. + +BRITANNIC RESEARCHES; or, New Facts and Rectifications of Ancient British +History. by the REV. BEALE POSTE, M.A. Just published, 8vo. (pp. 488.), +with engravings, cloth, 15s. + +A FEW NOTES ON SHAKSPEARE, with Occasional Remarks on Mr. Collier's Folio +of 1632. By the REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. 8vo. cloth, 5s. + +WILTSHIRE TALES, illustrative of the Manners, Customs, and Dialect of that +and adjoining Counties. By J. Y. AKERMAN, ESQ. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d. + +FACTS AND SPECULATIONS on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By W. A. +CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving." In one handsome +volume, 8vo., illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, +cloth, 1l. 1s. + +BOSWORTH'S (Rev. Dr.) Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary. 8vo., +closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 2s. + +LOWER'S (M.A.) ESSAYS on English Surnames. 2 vols. post 8vo. Third Edition, +greatly enlarged, cloth, 12s. + +LOWER'S CURIOSITIES of HERALDRY, with Illustrations from Old English +Writers. 8vo., numerous Engravings, cloth, 14s. + +WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS on the Literature, Popular Superstitions, and +History of England in the Middle Ages. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 16s. + +GUIDE to ARCHÆOLOGY. An Archæological Index to Remains of Antiquity of the +Celtic, Romano British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, +Fellow and Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo., +illustrated with numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of 500 objects, +cloth, 15s. + +A NEW LIFE OF SHAKSPEARE; including many Particulars respecting the Poet +and his Family, never before published. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, F.R.S., +F.S.A., &c. 8vo., 76 Engravings by Fairholt, cloth, 15s. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +NEW EDITIONS OF SHARON TURNER'S HISTORICAL WORKS, WITH THE AUTHOR'S FINAL +CORRECTIONS. + +Just published, in 4 vols. 8vo., price 50s. cloth. + +SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY of ENGLAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES: Comprising the +Reigns from the Norman Conquest to the Accession of Henry VIII. The Fifth +Edition, revised; with the Author's final Corrections added by the Author's +Son, the REV. SYDNEY TURNER. + +By the same Author, New Editions, + +THE HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS. The Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo., price +36s. + +THE SACRED HISTORY OF THE WORLD. The Eighth Edition, in 3 vols. post 8vo., +price 31s. 6d. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +A COMPLETE HISTORY OF DRUGS, by M. POMET; with what is Observable from +MESSRS. LEMERQ and TOURNEFORT. Divided into Three Classes: Vegetable, +Animal, and Mineral, and their Use in Chemistry, Pharmacy, and the Arts. +Illustrated with above 400 Copper Cuts. Done into English. 2 vols. 4to. in +one. London: R. Bornirck & Co., 1712. Dedicated to Dr. Sloane. + +DE HUMANA PHYSIOGNOMIA JOANNIS BAPTISTÆ PORTÆ Neapolitani. Libri 4. 1601. +Ursellis Typ. Conellatorii. Numerous Woodcuts. To be disposed of. + +Apply by letter to W. C., care of MR. BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +LITERARY CURIOSITIES. + +An Original and Highly Interesting Newspaper (_A Little Mercury_, of eight +pages), published in the ever Memorable Year of the Martyrdom of KING +CHARLES THE FIRST, 205 years ago! Very rare, exceedingly curious, and in +fine preservation! Sent free on receipt of 12s. 6d. + +An Original, Rare, and Curious Newspaper (_A Little Mercury_, of sixteen +pages), published in CHARLES THE SECOND'S Reign, sent free on receipt of +6s. + +An Original Newspaper (_A Little Gazette_), rich in curious historical and +domestic announcements, published in CHARLES THE SECOND'S Reign, sent free +on receipt of 4s. 6d. + +An Original Newspaper of JAMES THE SECOND'S Reign, rare and curious, sent +free on receipt of 3s. 6d. + +An Original Newspaper of WILLIAM AND MARY'S Reign, rare and curious, sent +free on receipt of 3s. 6d. + +An Original Newspaper of QUEEN ANNE'S Reign, ornamented with curious +woodcuts, rare and very interesting, sent free on receipt of 3s. + +An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE FIRST'S Reign, with a curious woodcut +title, rare, sent free on receipt of 2s. 6d. + +An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE SECOND'S Reign, sent free on receipt of +2s. + +An Original Newspaper of GEORGE THE THIRD'S Reign, sent free on receipt of +1s. + +Apply, BY LETTER ONLY, inclosing a Remittance, either Post-office Order, or +Postage Stamps, addressed to MR. JAMES HAMILTON FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, +Holborn, London. + + * * * * * + + +TO PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, AUTHORS, ETC. + +WOOD ENGRAVINGS.--Illustrations for Books, Periodicals, Newspapers, and +every Class of Wood Engravings executed in a Superior Style, at reasonable +Prices, by GEORGE DORRINGTON, Designer and Engraver on Wood, 4. Ampton +Street, Gray's Inn Road.--Specimens and Estimates forwarded upon receipt of +particulars. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 23, +1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 57, "Spicilegium Solesmense": 'Solesmence' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 195, July +23, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 28477-8.txt or 28477-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/4/7/28477/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |