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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:38:33 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:38:33 -0700 |
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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 194, July 16, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28476] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 49 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page49"></a>{49}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 194.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, July 16. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>With Index, price 10<i>d.</i><br />Stamped Edition + 11<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Derivation of the Word "Island"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page49">49</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Weather Rules, by Edward Peacock</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page50">50</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>On the modern Practice of assuming Arms</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page50">50</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Morlee and Lovel, by L. B. Larking</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page51">51</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Robert Rawlinson and John Macray</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page51">51</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Unpublished Letter</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page53">53</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Lines on the + Institution of the Order of the Garter—Old Ship—The + Letter "h" in "humble"—"The Angels' + Whisper"—Pronunciation of Coke—The Advice supposed to + have been given to Julius III.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page53">53</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Bishop Gardiner "De Vera Obedientiā"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page54">54</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Lord + Byron—Curious Custom of ringing Bells for the + Dead—Unpublished Essay by Lamb—Peculiar Ornament in + Crosthwaite Church—Cromwell's Portrait—Governor + Brooks—Old Books—The Privileges of the See of + Canterbury—Heraldic Colour pertaining to + Ireland—Descendants of Judas Iscariot—Parish Clerks and + Politics—"Virgin Wife and widowed Maid"—"Cutting off the + little Heads of Light"—Medal of Sir Robert Walpole—La + Fźte des Chaudrons—Who first thought of + Table-turning?—College Guide</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page55">55</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Done + Pedigree—Scotch Newspapers, &c.—Dictum de + Kenilworth—Dr. Harwood</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page57">57</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Names of Places, by J. J. A. Worsaae</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page58">58</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Cleaning old Oak, by Henry Herbert Hele, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page58">58</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Burial in an Erect Posture, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page59">59</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lawyers' Bags</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page59">59</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—New + Photographic Process</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page60">60</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—The Ring + Finger—The Order of St. John of Jerusalem—Calvin's + Correspondence—Old Booty's + Case—Chatterton—House-marks, + &c.—Bibliography—Parochial Libraries—Faithful + Teate—Lack-a-daisy—Bacon—Angel-beast: Cleek: + Longtriloo—Hans Krauwinckel—Revolving + Toy—Rub-a-dub—Muffs worn by Gentlemen—Detached + Church Towers—Christian Names—Hogarth's + Pictures—Old Fogie—Clem—Kissing Hands—Uniform + of the Foot Guards—Book Inscriptions—Humbug—Sir + Isaac Newton and Voltaire on Railway + Travelling—Engine-ą-verge—"Populus vult decipi," + &c.—Sir John Vanbrugh—Erroneous Forms of + Speech—Devonianisms</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page61">61</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page65">65</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page66">66</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page66">66</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>DERIVATION OF THE WORD "ISLAND."</h3> + + <p>Lexicographers from time to time have handed down to us, and proposed + for our choice, two derivations of our English word <i>Island</i>; and, + that one of these two is correct, has, I believe, never yet been called + in question. The first which they offer, and that most usually accepted + as the true one, is the A.-S. <i>Ealand</i>, <i>Ealond</i>, + <i>Igland</i>; Belg. <i>Eylandt</i>: the first syllable of which, they + inform us, is <i>ea</i>, Low Germ. <i>aue</i>, water, <i>i.e.</i> + water-land, or land surrounded by water. If this etymon be deemed + unsatisfactory, they offer the following: from the Fr. <i>isle</i>, It. + <i>isola</i>, Lat. <i>insula</i>, the word <i>island</i>, they say, is + easily deflected.</p> + + <p>At the risk of being thought presumptuous, I do not hesitate to say, + that both these alternatives are manifestly erroneous; and, for the + following reason, I propose a third source, which seems to carry + conviction with it: first, from analogy; and secondly, from the usage of + the language from which our English word is undoubtedly derived, the + Anglo-Saxon.</p> + + <p>First, from analogy. Let us only consider how frequently names are + given to parts of our hills, shores, rivers, &c., from their supposed + resemblance to parts of the human body. Thus, for instance, we have a + <i>head</i> land, a <i>neck</i> of land, a <i>tongue</i> of land, a + <i>nose</i> of land (as in Ness, in Orfordness, Dungeness, and, on the + opposite coast, Grinez); also a <i>mouth</i> of a river or harbour, a + <i>brow</i> of a hill, <i>back</i> or <i>chine</i> of a hill, <i>foot</i> + of a hill; an <i>arm</i> of the sea, <i>sinus</i> or bosom of the sea. + With these examples, and many more like them, before us, why should we + ignore an <i>eye</i> of land as unlikely to be the original of our word + <i>island</i>? The correspondence between the two is exact. How + frequently is the term <i>eye</i> applied to any small spot standing by + itself, and peering out as it were, in fact an <i>insulated</i> spot: + thus we have the <i>eye</i> of an apple, the <i>eye</i> or centre of a + target, the <i>eye</i> of a stream (<i>i.e.</i> where the stream collects + into a point—a point well known to salmon fishers), and very many + other instances. What more natural term, then, to apply to a spot of land + standing alone in the midst of an expanse of water than an <i>eye</i> of + land? <!-- Page 50 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page50"></a>{50}</span></p> + + <p>In confirmation of this view, let us look to the original language; + there we find the compounds of <i>eag</i>, <i>ea</i>, <i>ęgh</i>, the + eye, of very frequent occurrence: all of them showing that this compound + <i>ea-land</i> is not only legitimate, but extremely probable. Thus we + find, <i>eag-ęple</i>, the pupil of the eye; <i>eag-dura</i>, a + window-light, eye-door; <i>eag ece</i>, pain in the eye; + <i>eah-hringas</i>, the orbits of the eyes. In the last instance, the + <i>g</i> is dropped; and it is certain that <i>eag</i> was pronounced + nearly as eye now is. From all this, is it too much to conclude that + <i>ea-land</i> is the same as <i>eye-land</i>? But farther, <i>Ig</i> + (A.-S.) sometimes stands by itself for an island, as also do + <i>Igland</i> and <i>Igoth</i>, and <i>Ii</i> was the old name of Iona. + Now I cannot find that there ever was the slightest connexion between the + A.-S. <i>Ig</i> and <i>water</i>; nor do I believe that such an idea + would ever have been started, but to support the old derivation of the + word; I have never seen a genuine instance of such connexion brought + forward. Then the word <i>Ig</i>, if it be supposed to mean an + <i>eye</i>, as I contend, may very well stand by itself for + <i>island</i>; but, if <i>water</i> be expressed by it, I cannot + understand how it can serve to import <i>land</i>.</p> + + <p>If any farther confirmation be wanted, we have it in the diminutive + <i>eyot</i>, of which <i>ait</i>, <i>aight</i>, <i>eight</i> are + corruptions.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WEATHER RULES.</h3> + + <p>Thomas Passenger, who dwelt at the Three Bibles and Star, on London + Bridge, was very celebrated during the latter part of the seventeenth + century for publishing popular histories and chap-books. His shop seems + to have been the principal place of resort for the hawkers who then + supplied the provinces with literature. Many of the works which issued + from his press are now very rare: one of the most curious, and, at the + same time, the rarest, is <i>The Shepherd's Kalendar: or, the Citizen's + and Country Man's Daily Companion</i>, &c. The contents of this book + are of a very singular nature, it being a kind of epitome of the facts it + was then thought necessary for a countryman to be acquainted with. A + considerable portion of the work is occupied by remarks on the weather, + and on lucky and unlucky days: if I were to extract all on those + subjects, this communication would extend to an unreasonable length.</p> + + <p>We are informed, under the head "Observations on Remarkable Days, to + know how the whole Year will succeed in Weather, Plenty," &c., + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If the sun shine clear and bright on Christmas-day, it promiseth a + peaceable year from clamours and strife, and foretells much plenty to + ensue; but if the wind blow stormy towards sunset, it betokeneth sickness + in the spring and autumn quarters."</p> + + <p>"If January 25 (being St. Paul's day) be fair, it promises a happy + year; but if cloudy, windy, or rainy, otherwise: hear in this case what + an ancient judicious astrologer writes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'If St. Paul be fair and clear,</p> + <p>It promises then a happy year;</p> + <p>But if it chance to snow or rain,</p> + <p>Then will be dear all sorts of grain:</p> + <p>Or if the wind do blow aloft,</p> + <p>Great stirs will vex the world full oft;</p> + <p>And if dark clouds do muff the sky,</p> + <p>Then foul and cattle oft will die.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Mists or hoar frosts on the tenth of March betokens (<i>sic</i>) a + plentiful year, but not without some diseases."</p> + + <p>"If, in the fall of the leaf in October, many of them wither on the + bows, and hang there, it betokens a frosty winter and much snow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Under "The Signs of Rain in Creatures" we have the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When the hern or bitron flies low, the air is gross, and thickening + into showers."</p> + + <p>"The froggs much croaking in ditches and pools, &c., in the + evening, foretells rain in little time to follow: also, the sweating of + stone pillars or tombs denotes rain."</p> + + <p>"The often doping or diving of water fowl foreshows rain is at + hand."</p> + + <p>"The peacock's much crying denotes rain."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is a list given of Lucky Days, which contains all the red letter + saints' days of the Reformed English kalendar. We are also informed that + there are other days in each month which "are successful enough." + Thus—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In January there are three, viz. 16. 18. 26.</p> + <p>In February there are four, viz. 10. 19. 27. 28.</p> + <p>In March there are two, viz. 14. 18.</p> + <p>In April there are three, viz. 13. 22. 27.</p> + <p>In May there are five, viz. 3. 5. 7. 11. 19.</p> + <p>In June there are four, viz. 10. 17. 20. 27.</p> + <p>In July there are six, viz. 1. 13. 19. 21. 27. 30.</p> + <p>In August there are three, viz. 3. 7. 9.</p> + <p>In September there are five, viz. 4. 8. 11. 15. 19.</p> + <p>In October there are three, viz. 1. 8. 13.</p> + <p>In November there are four, viz. 3. 9. 11. 15.</p> + <p>In December there are three, viz. 9. 13. 17."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bottesford, Messingham, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ON THE MODERN PRACTICE OF ASSUMING ARMS.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If any person be advanced into an office or dignity of publique + administration, be it eyther ecclesiasticall, martiall, or ciuill: so + that the same office comprehendeth in it <i>dignitatem vel dignitatis + titulum</i>, either dignitie or (at the least) a title of dignitye: the + Heralde must not refuse to devise to such a publique person, upon his + instant request and willingnes to beare the same without reproche, a + coate of armes: and thenceforth to matriculate him, with his <!-- Page 51 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page51"></a>{51}</span>intermarriages, + and issues descending, in the register of the Gentle and Noble."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Thus wrote Sir John Ferne in <i>The Blazon of Gentrie</i>, printed in + the year 1586. So also Coates, in his additions to Gwillim, writing in + 1724, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For though arms, in their first acceptation, were (as is shewed) + taken up at any gentleman's pleasure, yet hath that liberty for many ages + been deny'd, and they, by regal authority, made the rewards and ensigns + of merit, &c., the gracious favours of princes; no one being, by the + law of gentility in England, allowed the bearing thereof, but those that + either have them by descent, or grant, or purchase from the body or badge + of any prisoner they in open and lawful war had taken."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He proceeds to adduce various authorities on this subject, for which I + would refer to the Introduction to the last edition of Gwillim's + <i>Heraldry</i>, p. 16. &c.</p> + + <p>Porny defines <i>assumptive arms</i> to be—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Such as are taken up by the caprice or fancy of <i>upstarts</i>, who, + being advanced to a degree of fortune, assume them without having + deserved them by any glorious action. This, indeed (he adds), is <i>great + abuse of heraldry</i>; but yet so common, and so much tolerated, almost + everywhere, that little or no notice is taken of it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This was written in 1765. Archdeacon Nares, in his very amusing + <i>Heraldic Anomalies</i>, printed in 1823, says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"At present, <i>similarity of name</i> is quite enough to lead any man + to conclude himself to be a branch of some very ancient or noble stock, + and, if occasion arise, to assume the arms appropriate to such families, + without any appeal to the Heralds' office; nor would any <i>Alderman + Gathergrease</i>, living in affluence, be without such marks and symbols + on his plate, seals, carriages, &c., with no higher authority, + perhaps, than his own fancy and conceit."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It must be confessed that the middle of the nineteenth century offers + the most ample facilities for the would-be aristocrats of the age, and + <i>that</i> without troubling Sir Charles Young or the College of Arms; + witness the following advertisement cut from a newspaper of the + day:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span class="sc">The Family Livery</span>.—Arms and Crests + correctly ascertained, and in any case a steel die expressly cut for the + buttons, free of cost," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There can, indeed, be no doubt that this foolish practice of assuming + arms without right has of late years grown to an absurd height; and I + fear the assumption is by no means confined to persons who have risen by + trade, or by some lucky speculation in railways &c.; even those who + have been "<i>advanced into an office or dignity of publique + administration</i>" have but seldom made their "<i>instant request</i>" + to the heralds "<i>to devise a coate of armes to be borne by them without + reproch</i>."</p> + + <p>The episcopal bench, in particular, are very generally faulty in this + respect, and, for the greater part, content themselves (if not by birth + entitled to bear arms) by assuming the coat of some old-established + family of the same, or <i>nearly the same</i>, name. In the case of + temporal peerages, which are not seldom, thanks to the ancient + constitution of England, renovated from the middle and lower classes, the + practice is more in accordance with the precepts of <i>The Blazon of + Gentrie</i>; but I believe there is at least <i>one instance</i>, that of + a lawyer of the greatest eminence, who was last year advanced to a + peerage, and to the highest rank in his profession, who has assumed both + arms and supporters without the fiat of the College of Arms. The "novi + homines" of a former age set a better example to those of the present + day, and were not ashamed to go honestly to the proper office and take + out their patent of arms, thus "founding a family" who have a + <i>right</i> to the ensigns of honour which they assume.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Spes</span>.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>MORLEE AND LOVEL.</h3> + + <p>The following document, in connexion with the trial between Morlee and + Lovell, in the Court of Chivalry, will probably interest your heraldic + readers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">L. B. Larking</span>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Ceste indentur tesmoyne q' mos<sup>r</sup> Joh<span + class="over">n</span> de Cobeh<span class="over">m</span> s<sup>r</sup> + de Cobeh<span class="over">m</span> ad baille <span + style="text-decoration:line-through">p</span> assent de les sires de + Morlee et Louel dys lib' de bone moneye amest' Joh<span + class="over">n</span> Barnet, cest assau' cent south p<sup>r</sup> le un + <span style="text-decoration:line-through">p</span>tye et cent south + p<sup>r</sup> lautre <span + style="text-decoration:line-through">p</span>tye acause q' mesme le dit + mestre Joh<span class="over">n</span> et mest' Will<span + class="over">m</span> Dawode et mest' Will<span class="over">m</span> + Sondeye serrount assessours sur la matire pendaunt <span + style="text-decoration:line-through">p</span>entre les deux syngn' + susdite p<sup>r</sup> leur armes en le Court de Chiualerie. En + tesmoynaunce de quel payment a ycestes endentur lez <span + style="text-decoration:line-through">p</span>tyes susditez + entrechaungeablement ount mys lours sceals.</p> + + <p>Don a Loundres le xx iu<sup>r</sup> de Feu'er lan du rengne le Roy + Richard secounde quinzisme.</p> + + <p>[In dorso.]</p> + + <p>Lendentur de x li paye a mest' Joh<span class="over">n</span> Barnet + p<sup>r</sup> Morlee et Louel.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Shakspeare Emendations.</i>—As this is the age of Shakspeare + emendations, I beg to propose the following for the consideration of the + numerous readers of "N. & Q." I am the more emboldened to do so, as I + find several marginal corrections made from time to time are verified by + the manuscript corrections in <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> folio + of 1632. These proposed are not, however, there, or I would not have + troubled you, though it is many months since I first altered the reading + of my copy. <!-- Page 52 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page52"></a>{52}</span></p> + + <p><i>Taming of the Shrew,</i> Act V. Sc. 2.—On the exit of + Katharina to "fetch" in the disobedient wives, Lucentio remarks:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Luc.</i> Here is a wonder, if you talk of a wonder.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Hort.</i> And so it is. I wonder what it bodes.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Pet.</i> Marry, peace it bodes, and love, and quiet life,</p> + <p><i>An awful</i> rule, and right supremacy;</p> + <p>And, to be short, what not that's sweet and happy."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>For "an awful rule" I propose to substitute <i>and lawful rule</i>, as + agreeing better with the text and context; indeed, the whole passage + indicates it. Petruchio means that the change in Katharina's temper and + conduct bodes love, peace, law, and order, in contradistinction to awe or + fear. The repetition of the conjunction <i>and</i> also makes the harmony + of the language more equal; "and love, and quiet life, and lawful rule, + and right supremacy," rings evenly to the ear. Considering the number and + character of the emendations in <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> + volume, I have the less hesitation in proposing this one. The language of + Shakspeare is, as we know it, for the most part so clear, harmonious, + distinct, and forcible, that I think we are justified in considering any + obscure, inconsistent, or harsh passage, as having met with some mishap + either in hearing, transcribing, or in printing. Some months ago, and + certainly before <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> volume of + corrections appeared, I forwarded to "N. & Q." (it never appeared) a + correction from <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, Act V. Sc. 2., where + Cleopatra, contemplating suicide, says it is—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"To do that thing that ends all other deeds,</p> + <p>Which shackles accidents, and bolts up change;</p> + <p>Which sleeps, and never palates more the dung.</p> + <p>The beggar's nurse and Cęsar's."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The word "dung" ending the third line, was so evidently <i>dug</i>, or + nipple, that I thought no man to whom it was pointed out could have a + doubt about it. <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> remarks in his recent + volume, "This emendation may, or may not, have been conjectural, but we + may be pretty sure it is right." I doubt if <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier</span> would have accepted any authority other than that of his + own folio, although Shakspeare has frequently used the word <i>dug</i> as + a synonym for nipple, as see <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act I. Sc. 3.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Nurse.</i> And she was wean'd,—I never shall forget it,—</p> + <p>Of all the days of the year, upon that day:</p> + <p>For I had then laid wormwood to my dug.</p> + <p> . . . . . . </p> + <p class="i10">—but, as I said,</p> + <p>When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple</p> + <p>Of my dug, and felt it bitter, pretty fool,</p> + <p>To see it tetchy, and fall out with the dug!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>This quotation proves clearly, I consider, that dug was meant by + Cleopatra, and not <i>dung</i>; and so I considered before the old + manuscript correction of <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> appeared. + The words "an awful" are as clearly to my mind <i>and lawful</i>. I + doubt, however, if they will be so acknowledged, as the use of the words + "an awful," it may be contended, are countenanced by other passages in + Shakspeare; I quote the following.</p> + + <p><i>Two Gentlemen of Verona</i>, Act IV. Sc. I.—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>3rd Outlaw.</i> Know then, that some of us are gentlemen,</p> + <p>Such as the fury of ungovern'd youth</p> + <p>Thrust from the company of <i>awful</i> men."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The word "awful" is surely, in this place, <i>lawful</i>; an outlaw + would be little inclined to consider men as "awful," but the contrary. + Read the last line as under—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thrust from the company of <i>lawful</i> men,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>and the meaning is simple and clear. The outlaws were thrust from the + company of <i>lawful men</i>, that is, men who obeyed the laws they had + broken in "the fury of ungovern'd youth."</p> + + <p>In <i>King Richard II.</i>, Act III. Sc. 3., the following use of the + words <i>lawful</i> and <i>awful</i> occurs:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>K. Rich.</i> We are amazed; and thus long have we stood</p> + <p>To watch the fearful bending of thy knee,</p> + <p class="i10">[<i>To Northumberland.</i></p> + <p>Because we thought ourself thy lawful king;</p> + <p>And if we be, how dare thy joints forget</p> + <p>To pay their awful duty to our presence?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The meaning in this case is no doubt clear enough, and the words + "awful duty" may be the right ones; but had they stood <i>lawful duty</i> + in any old copy, he should have been a bold man who would have proposed + to substitute <i>awful</i> for <i>lawful</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Second Part of King Henry IV.</i>, Act IV. Sc. 1.—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Arch.</i> To us, and to our purposes, confin'd:</p> + <p>We come within our <i>awful</i> banks again,</p> + <p>And knit our powers to the arm of peace."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The use of the word "awful" in this passage may be right, but, as in + the preceding case, I think, had <i>lawful banks</i> stood in any old + printed copy, or had it even been found in <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier's</span> volume, the fitness would have been acknowledged.</p> + + <p>Shakspeare used the word "lawful" in many instances where, no doubt, + it may with reason, strong as any given here, be changed to <i>awful</i>. + In the historical plays, <i>lawful</i> king, <i>lawful</i> progeny, + <i>lawful</i> heir, <i>lawful</i> magistrate, <i>lawful</i> earth, + <i>lawful</i> sword, &c., may be found. These suggestions, like the + pinch of sand thrown on the old woman's cow, if they do no good, will, I + trust, do no harm.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Rawlinson</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Shakspeare.</i>—A German writer, Professor Hilgers, of + Aix-la-Chapelle, published in 1852 a pamphlet, in which he endeavoured to + prove that many passages in Shakspeare, which were originally written in + verse, have been "degraded" into prose, and quotes several passages from + the plays <!-- Page 53 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page53"></a>{53}</span>in support of his thesis. Professor Hilgers + says that emendation of the text, by means of such a mode of correction + as would restore the corrupted verses to their original form, has + hitherto been almost entirely neglected by commentators, or else employed + by them with very little ability and success. I have not seen the + Professor's Treatise, and only write from a short notice which I have + just perused of it in a German review; but, if what Professor H. states + be correct, the subject appears to deserve more particular attention from + the writers in the "N. & Q.," who have devoted their ingenuity and + research to the illustration of Shakspeare. In the hope of attracting + them to "fresh fields and pastures new," in which to recreate themselves, + and to instruct and delight the world-wide readers of the great + dramatist, I venture to solicit attention to Professor Hilger's pamphlet + and its subject. In this I only echo the German reviewer's language, who + most highly praises the Professor's acuteness, and the value of his + strictures, and promises to return to them at greater length in a future + number of the periodical in which he writes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Macray.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>UNPUBLISHED LETTER.</h3> + + <p>I have thought that the following old letter, from a retired lawyer of + the seventeenth century to his future son-in-law, might not be altogether + uninteresting to your readers, as referring to the value of land and + money at the period when it was written.</p> + + <p class="author">C. W. B.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">July y<sup>e</sup> 16<sup>th</sup>, (16)95.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>S<sup>r</sup>,</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Since you are pleased to demand my opinion concerning your intended + purchase, I shall give you it as well as I can upon so short a warning. + You say, if lett, you suppose it was worth a 130<i>l.</i> per annū. + I cannot tell by your letter whether the mills, lett at 20<i>l.</i> per + annū, are a part of y<sup>e</sup> 130<i>l.</i>: if it be, I think + 2600<i>l.</i> a great price, being much above twenty years' purchase, + considering the lord's rent. But if they are not included in that sum, + 'tis a good twenty years' purchase. Now you must consider what returne + this will make for your money. I am sure, as times goe, not three per + cent; and money makes full five, and very seldom, if ever, pays taxes. I + believe it may be very convenient for you, and it is very advantageous to + be entire; but if you should contract a debt to buy this estate you will + be very uneasy, and, if you marry, the first setting out will be + expensive, and it will be ill taking up money to defray necessary + charges. I conceive the land is in hand, and not lett; so that, if you + have not a tenant, you must be at the expence of stocking, w<sup>ch</sup> + will sett very hard upon you. And you know, w<sup>n</sup> your sister + marrys, there is a 1000 pounds more to be provided. Pray putt all these + things together, and propose some way of solving all these difficultys; + and, if you can, I should be glad to have it annexed to your estate, and + settled upon the heirs male of your body. Upon w<sup>ch</sup> + consideration I shall be more inclined to farther your desires in a + reasonable manner.</p> + + <p>Pray, w<sup>n</sup> you hear any more of that coūselor's amours + send me word, but lett me advise you never to say anything of him or his + estate that may come to the lady's ears. I hope my Lady Morton will not + tell M<sup>rs</sup> Tregonell any more than what all the world should + know. I heard the K<sup>t</sup> had bid adieu to the Woodland Lady. I am + very glad of it, for I wish him better ffortune. I writt lately to + S<sup>r</sup> John, who honoured me with a letter. As for public news, + you have heard, I suppose, of our burning St. Malos and Grandvile; and + that wee have left a great many of our men before Namur, but they + continue the siege vigorously. They say the ffrench are about to sett + downe before Dixmude, to bring us of by revultion. Pray p<sup>r</sup>sent + mine and my daughter's service to your sister, and believe me to be, + S<sup>r</sup>, your affectionate kinsman and servant</p> + + <p><span class="sc">J. Potenger.</span></p> + + <p>Remember, at this time there is a great deal of land to be sold, but + few purchasers. I have spooke to S<sup>r</sup> Miles Cooke, who promises + to lett me have your settlement to peruse, and to end matters fairly. + Since I writt my letter 'tis reported ... is surrendered or taken.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>These ffor Richard Binghā, Esq., at</p> + <p>Bingham's Malcombe, to be left at</p> + <p>the post-house in St. Andrew's,</p> + <p>Milborne, Dorsett.</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Lines on the Institution of the Order of the Garter.</i>—I + send you the following, which may be worth a corner in "N. & Q." The + only account I can give of them is that I found them in MS. among other + poetical extracts, without date or author's name:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"When Salisbury's famed Countess was dancing with glee,</p> + <p>Her stocking's security fell from her knee.</p> + <p>Allusions and hints, sneers and whispers went round;</p> + <p>The trifle was scouted, and left on the ground.</p> + <p>When Edward the Brave, with true soldier-like spirit,</p> + <p>Cried, 'The garter is mine; 'tis the order of merit;</p> + <p>The first knight in my court shall be happy to wear,</p> + <p>Proud distinction! the garter that fell from the fair:</p> + <p>While in letters of gold—'tis your monarch's high will—</p> + <p>Shall there be inscribed, "Ill to him that thinks ill."'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tee Bee.</span></p> + +<p><!-- Page 54 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page54"></a>{54}</span></p> + + <p><i>Old Ship.</i>—It may be of interest to some of your readers + to learn that the ship which conveyed General Wolfe on his expedition to + Quebec is still afloat under the name of the "William and Ann."</p> + + <p>She was built in 1759 for a bomb-ketch, and was in dock in the Thames + a few days since, sound and likely to endure for many years yet: she is + mostly now engaged in the Honduras and African timber trades, which is in + itself a proof of her great strength.</p> + + <p class="author">A. O. H.</p> + + <p class="address">Blackheath.</p> + + <p><i>The Letter "h" in "humble."</i>—I was always taught in my + childhood to sink the <i>h</i> in this word, and was confirmed in this + habit by the usage of all the well-educated people that I met in those + days, as also by the authority of every pronouncing dictionary in the + English language: and to this day hear many people quite as well + educated, and of as high station in all but literary society, as Mr. + Dickens, use the same pronunciation; but this eminent writer has thought + fit of late to proscribe this practice as far as in him lies, by making + it the Shibboleth of two of the meanest and vilest characters in his + works. I should like to know whether the aspiration of this letter is due + to Mr. D.'s London birth and residence, or whether it has become of late + the general usage of good society. If the latter, it is clear that a new + edition of <i>Walker</i> is required for the benefit of such as have no + wish to be confounded with the "Heeps."</p> + + <p>Your late Numbers have given some curious instances of Cockney and + other rhymes. I am sorry to see that the offensive <i>r</i> not only + appears to be gaining ground in poetry, but also in the mouths of many + whose station and education might have been supposed to preserve them + from this vulgarism. If the masters of our great schools took as much + pains with their pupils' pronunciation of English, as with that of Latin + and Greek, we should hear less of this.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + + <p><i>"The Angels' Whisper."</i>—The admirers of that popular song + will be surprised to find that there prevails in India a tradition very + similar to the one on which that song is founded.</p> + + <p>The other day our Hindoo nurse was watching our baby asleep, and + noticing that it frequently smiled, said, "God is talking to it!" The + tradition, as elicited from this woman, seems to be here, that when a + child smiles in its sleep, God is saying something pleasing to it; but + when it cries, He is talking to it of sorrow.</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Punjab.</p> + + <p><i>Pronunciation of Coke</i> (Vol. vii., p. 586.).—Probably the + under-mentioned particulars may tend to elucidate the Query discussed in + your paper touching the pronunciation of Chief Justice Coke's surname in + his Lordship's time.</p> + + <p>In numerous original family "Coke documents" in my possession, amongst + which are a most spirited and highly interesting letter written by the + celebrated Lady Elizabeth Hatton<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, Sir Edward Coke's widow, quite in + character with her ladyship, shortly after her husband's death; and + likewise several letters written by his children and grandchildren; Sir + Edward's surname is invariably spelt Coke, whilst in other his family + documents<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> and + public precepts I possess, the latter of which came under the eye of + Lords Keepers Coventry and Littleton, Sir Edward's name is, in nine cases + out of ten in five hundred instances, spelt <i>Cooke</i> and <i>Cook</i>; + thus, I submit, raising an almost irresistible presumption that, however + the Chief Justice's surname was written, it was pronounced <i>Cook</i> + and not C<i>o</i>ke.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. W. Jones.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Nantwich.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Her surname is so written.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>Some of them of so early a date as the year 1600, when Sir Edward was + Attorney-General to Queen Elizabeth.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>The Advice supposed to have been given to Julius III.</i>—The + <i>Consilium</i>, sometimes and inadvertently called a <i>Council</i>, + addressed to Julius III., Pope of Rome, by certain prelates, has just + been once more quoted, for the fiftieth time, perhaps, within the present + generation, as a genuine document, and as proceeding from adherents of + the Church of Rome. This re-quotation appears in an otherwise useful + little volume of the Religious Tract Society, entitled <i>The Bible in + many Tongues</i>, p. 96.; and it may tend to check the use made of the + supposed Advice or Council to state, what a perusal either of the + original in Brown's <i>Fasciculus Rerum Expetend. et Fugiend.</i>, or of + a translation in Gibson's <i>Preservative</i> (vol. i. pp. 183. 191., ed. + 1848), will soon make evident, that the document in question is a piece + of banter, and must be attributed to the pen of P. P. Vergerio, in whose + <i>Works</i> it is in fact included, in the single volume published + Tubing. 1563, fol. 94—104.</p> + + <p>So frequently has this supposed Advice been cited as a <i>serious</i> + affair, that the pages of "N. & Q." may be well employed in + endeavouring to stop the somewhat perverse use of a friendly weapon.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Novus.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>BISHOP GARDINER "DE VERA OBEDIENTIĀ."</h3> + + <p>It is probable that others of your readers besides myself have had + good reason to complain that Dr. Maitland has cruelly raised the price of + this little book to a bibliomaniacal height, by his inimitable + description of its curious contents and history. (<i>Essays on Subjects + connected with the Reformation</i>, xvii. xviii. xix.)</p> + +<p><!-- Page 55 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page55"></a>{55}</span></p> + + <p>Some of the things which seem to be indubitable respecting the + original work are these:—1. That it was first printed in 1535. 2. + That, consequently, Bishop Burnet (<i>Hist. of Ref.</i>, Part I. b. iii. + p. 166.: Dublin, 1730) was mistaken in representing it as having been + written in reply to Cardinal Pole. 3. That there <i>was</i> an octavo + edition published at Strasburg in 1536, and that Goldastus followed it. + 4. That there was an additional reprint of the tract at London in 1603. + (Schelhornii, <i>Amœn. Hist. Eccles.</i>, tom. i. pp. 15. 849.) But + I am anxious to make three inquiries relative to this really important + document and its fictitious preface.</p> + + <p>1. The Roane volume, certainly the earliest in English, professes to + have been printed by "Michal Wood" in 1553. Can we not determine the + place of its origin by the recollection of the fact, that Bishop Bale's + <i>Mysterye of Iniquyte, or Confutation of Ponce Pantolabus</i>, was + printed at <i>Geneva</i> by "Mychael Woode" in 1545?</p> + + <p>2. With regard to the typographical achievements of the Brocards, is + it not rather an <i>apropos</i> circumstance, that "Biliosus Balęus," as + Fuller calls him, was the author of a <i>Historia Divi Brocardi</i>? + (Ware's <i>Works</i>, ii. 325.)</p> + + <p>3. May not Bale (or <i>Baal</i>, according to Pits) be suspected to + have been the composer of the Bonnerian Preface? He might have reckoned + it among the many <i>Facetias et Jocos</i> which he declares that he had + put forth. It is observable that, while the writer of this Preface + designates Bishop Gardiner as the "common cutthrot of Englande," the same + title is bestowed upon Bonner in the Foxian Letter addressed to him by + "an unknown person" (Strype's <i>Memor.</i> iii., Catal. p. 161.: London, + 1721), and which, from internal evidence taken from the part relating to + Philpot, must be referred to the year 1555. The style of these + performances is similar; and let "gaie Gardiner, blow-bole Boner, trusti + Tonstal, and slow-bellie Samson" of the Preface be compared with + "glorious Gardiner, blow-bolle Bonner, tottering Tunstal, wagtaile + Weston, and carted Chicken." (Bale's <i>Declaration of Bonner's + Articles</i>, fol. 90. b., London, 1561.)</p> + + <p class="author">R. G.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Lord Byron.</i>—What relation to the poet was the Lord Byron + mentioned in the <i>Apology for the Life of George Ann Bellamy</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Curious Custom of ringing Bells for the Dead.</i>—In + Marshfield, Massachusets, it has been customary for a very long period to + ring the bell of the parish church most violently for eight or ten + minutes, whenever a death occurs in the village; then to strike it slowly + three times three, which makes known to the inhabitants that a man or boy + has expired, and finally to toll it the number of times that the deceased + had numbered years of existence.</p> + + <p>The first settlers of Marshfield having been Englishmen, may I ask if + this custom ever did, or does now, exist in the mother country?</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Unpublished Essay by Lamb.</i>—Coleridge is represented in + his <i>Table Talk</i> (p. 253. ed. 1836), to have said that "Charles Lamb + wrote an essay on a man, who had lived in past time." The editor in a + note tells us he knows "not when or where." I do not find it in the + edition of his works published in 1846, nor have I been able to discover + it in any of the journals, to which he contributed, that have fallen in + my way. Have any of your correspondents met with it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliott.</span></p> + + <p><i>Peculiar Ornament in Crosthwaite Church.</i>—On lately + visiting Crosthwaite Church, Cumberland, I was exceedingly struck with + the great peculiarity of a carving, pointed out to me by the sexton, on + the left jambs of all the windows in the north and south aisles, both + inside and out. It is in the form of a circle with eight radiations, and + always occurs about half-way between the shoulder of the arch and the + sill. During the late restoration of the church, it has been covered with + plaster in every case in the interior, save one in the north aisle, which + is left very distinct. It does not appear on any of the windows at the + east end or in the tower. I noticed a similar figure over the stone + door-way of the old inn at Threlkeld, with the letters C G inscribed on + one side, and the date 1688 on the other. The sexton said, he had never + been able to obtain any intelligence as to its symbolical meaning or + history, although he had inquired of nearly every one who had been to see + the church. Can any of your correspondents throw a light upon the + subject?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliott.</span></p> + + <p><i>Cromwell's Portrait.</i>—In the <i>Annual Register</i>, 1773, + "Characters," p. 77.; in Hughes's <i>Letters</i>, ii. 308.; in <i>Gent. + Mag.</i>, xxxv. 357.; and in Noble's <i>House of Cromwell</i>, i. 307., + is a statement, originally made by Mr. Say, of Lowestoft, in his account + of Mrs. Bridget Bendish, importing that the best picture of Oliver which + the writer had ever seen, was at Rosehall (Beccles), in the possession of + Sir Robert Rich. Where is this portrait? Has it ever been engraved?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Rix.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Beccles.</p> + + <p><i>Governor Brooks</i>, about a century since, was governor of one of + the West India Islands. I have heard Cuba named as his government; and it + might have been that, the short time Cuba was in <!-- Page 56 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page56"></a>{56}</span>the possession of the + English, he was governor of it; but I am uncertain. If any correspondent, + versed in West Indian affairs, can give me any particulars of the family + and antecedents of the above, or any reference to his services (for I + suppose him to have been a military man), it will great oblige</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tee Bee.</span></p> + + <p><i>Old Books.</i>—I notice some of your correspondents, having + fancied that they have picked up at some old book-stall an invaluable + treasure, are coolly told by others more learned, "It would be a bad + exchange for a shilling;" and, again, "If it cost three shillings and + sixpence, the purchaser was most unfortunate."</p> + + <p>May I ask the value of the following? They came into possession of my + family about thirty years ago:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Epitome Thesauri antiquitatum hoc est Impp. Rom. orientalium et + occidentalium Iconum ex antiquis numismatibus quam fidelissime + delineatum.</p> + + <p>"Ex Musęo Jacobi de Strada Mantuani Antiquatum.</p> + + <p>"Lugduni, apud Jacobum de Strada et Thomam Guercinum, <span + class="scac">MDLIII</span>. (1553). Cum Privilegio Regio."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Handsomely got up; gilt edges, pp. 339. Also,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sommario delle vite de gl'Imperiatore Romani da C. Giolio Cesare sino + a Ferdinando II., con le loro effigie Causte dalle Medaglie: In Roma + apresso, Lodovico Grignani, <span class="scac">MDCXXXVII</span>, pp. + 80."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bristoliensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Privileges of the See of Canterbury.</i>—I find preserved + by William of Malmsbury, in his <i>Chronicle</i>, book iii., the + following letter from Pope Boniface to Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury, + respecting the privileges of his see:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Far be it from every Christian, that anything concerning the city of + Canterbury be diminished or changed, in present or <i>future times</i>, + which was appointed by our predecessor Pope Gregory, <i>however human + circumstances may be changed</i>: but more especially by the authority of + St. Peter, the chief of the Apostles, we command and ordain, that the + city of Canterbury <i>shall ever hereafter be esteemed the Metropolitan + See</i> of all Britain; and we decree and appoint <i>immutably</i>, that + all the provinces of the kingdom of England shall be subject to the + Metropolitan Church of the aforesaid See. And if any one attempt to + injure this church, which is more especially under the power and + protection of the Holy Roman Church, or to lessen the jurisdiction + conceded to it, may <span class="sc">God</span> expunge him from the book + of life; and let him know that he is bound by the sentence of a + curse."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>How can the expressions I have Italicised be reconciled with the + creation of the Archiepiscopal See of Westminster?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Heraldic Colour pertaining to Ireland.</i>—There occurs in + the <i>Dublin University Magazine</i> for October, 1852, an article + entitled "A Night in the Fine Arts' Court of our National Exhibition," + and at the conclusion a "Note," in which I find the following + remarks:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This last (the figure of Erin), as described, is purely ideal, but + legitimately brought in, as Hogan's figure of 'Hibernia' occupied a + position in the Fine Arts' Court, and suggested it. It may be as well to + add that Erin is described as wearing a <i>blue</i> mantle, as blue, not + green, is the heraldic colour pertaining to Ireland now."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>May I inquire at what time, and under what circumstances, blue was + substituted for the old favourite green?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p> + + <p><i>Descendants of Judas Iscariot.</i>—In Southey's + <i>Omniana</i> is the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It was believed in Pier della Valle's time that the descendants of + Judas still existed at Corfu, though the persons who suffered this + imputation stoutly denied the truth of the genealogy."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is anything farther to be met with on this curious subject?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Creed.</span></p> + + <p><i>Parish Clerks and Politics.</i>—In <i>Twenty-six Psalms of + Thanksgiving and Praise, Love and Glory, for the use of a Parish + Church</i> (Exon., And. Brice, 1725), the rector (who compiled it), among + other reasons for omitting all the <i>imprecatory</i> Psalms, + says,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lest a parish clerk, or any other, should be whetting his + <i>spleen</i>, or obliging his <i>spite</i>, when he should be + entertaining his devotion."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>That such practices were indulged in, we have the farther evidence of + Bramston the satirist:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Not long since <i>parish clerks</i>, with saucy airs,</p> + <p>Apply'd <i>King David's Psalms</i> to <i>state-affairs</i>."<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Can any readers of "N. & Q." point out examples of such + misapplication?</p> + + <p class="author">J. O.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p><i>The Art of Politicks, in imitation of Horace</i>, 1729, with a + hybrid portrait of Heidegger, the <i>arbit. elegant.</i> of his day.</p> + +</div> + <p>"<i>Virgin Wife and widowed Maid.</i>"—Whence come the words + "Virgin wife and widow'd maid," quoted, apparently, by Liddell and Scott + in their Greek Lexicon, s.v. <span title="aparthenos" class="grk" + >ἀπάρθενος</span>, + as a rendering or illustration of Hec. 610.?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Numphźn t' anumphon, parthenon t' aparthenon" class="grk">Νύμφην τ' ἄνυμφον, πάρθενον τ' ἀπάρθενον</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Cutting off the little heads of light.</i>"—Perhaps you or + one of your correspondents would help me to the whereabouts of some + thoughtful lines which I recently came across, in a volume which I + accidentally took up, but the name of which has completely skipped my + memory.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 57 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page57"></a>{57}</span></p> + + <p>The lines referred to typified Tyranny under the form of the man who + puts out the gas-lights at dawn: "Cutting off the little heads of light + which lit the world." I am not sure of the rhythm, and so have put the + lines like prose; but they wind up with a fine analogy of the sun in all + its glory bursting on the earth, and putting the proceedings of the light + extinguisher utterly to nought.</p> + + <p class="author">A. B. R.</p> + + <p><i>Medal of Sir Robert Walpole.</i>—On a brass medal, without + date, rather larger than half a crown, are these effigies.</p> + + <p>On one side the devil, horned and tailed proper, with a fork in his + right hand, and marching with a very triumphant step, is conducting a + courtier in full dress (no doubt meant for Walpole), by a rope round his + neck, into the open jaws of a monster, which represent the entrance to + the place of punishment. Out of the devil's mouth issues a label with the + words, "Make room for Sir Robert." Underneath, "No Excise."</p> + + <p>On the reverse are the figures of two naval officers, with the legend, + "The British Glory <span class="correction" title="Original reads `re-revived' on line break." + >revived</span> by Admiral Vernon and Commodore Brown." This refers of + course to the taking of Porto Bello in November, 1739.</p> + + <p>Is this piece one of rarity and value?</p> + + <p class="author">J.</p> + + <p><i>La Fźte des Chaudrons.</i>—In the exhibition of pictures in + the British Institution is one (No. 17.) by Teniers, entitled "La Fźte + des Chaudrons." In what publication can the description of this fźte, or + fair, be found?</p> + + <p class="author">C. I. R.</p> + + <p><i>Who first thought of Table-turning?</i>—Whilst the people are + amusing themselves, and the learned are puzzling themselves, on the + subject of table-turning, would you have any objection to answer the + following Query?</p> + + <p>Who first thought of table-turning? and whence has it suddenly risen + to celebrity?</p> + + <p class="author">J. G. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Hagley.</p> + + <p><i>College Guide.</i>—Will some of your correspondents kindly + inform a father, who is looking forward to his boys going to college, in + what work he will find the fullest particulars respecting scholarships + and exhibitions at the different colleges in both universities? Querist + is in possession of Gilbert's <i>Liber Scholasticus</i> (1843), the + <i>Family Almanack</i> for 1852, and, of course, the <i>University + Calendars</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. S.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Done Pedigree.</i>—A very old MS. pedigree of the family of + Done of Utkington, in the county before me, connects with that family no + less than twenty-three Cheshire families of distinction, viz. + Cholmondeley, Egerton, Wilbraham, Booth, Arden, Leicester, and seventeen + others. Now, as it appears by your note on the communication of a + correspondent (Vol. vi., p. 273.), that there exists a pedigree of the + family of Done, of Utkington, in the British Museum, Additional MS. No. + 5836. pp. 180. and 186., perhaps you will be good enough to say whether + that pedigree discloses the extensive Cheshire family connexion with the + Done family above noticed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. W. Jones.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Nantwich.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The following families connected with Done of Utkington occur in the + pedigree (Add. MS. 5836. p. 186.) "Richard de Kingsley, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1233; Venables, Swinerton, Peter de Thornton, + Lord Audley, Dutton, Aston, Gerrard, Wilbraham, Manwaring, Eliz. + Trafford, widow of Geo. Booth of Dunham, Ralph Legh of High Legh, + Davenport Thomas Stanley de Alderley, Thomas Wagstaff of Tachbroke, and + Devereux Knightley of Fawsley." This pedigree was copied by Cole from an + old MS. book of pedigrees formerly belonging to Sir John Crew. See also + Ormerod's <i>Cheshire</i>, vol. ii. p. 133., for a pedigree of Done of + Utkington, Flax-Yards, and Duddon, compiled from inquisitions <i>post + mortem</i>, the parochial registers, and the Visitations of 1580 and + 1664.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Scotch Newspapers, &c.</i>—What are the earliest + publications of Scotland giving an account of the current events of that + kingdom?</p> + + <p class="author">T. F.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[<i>The Edinburgh Gazette, or Scotch Postman</i>, printed by Robert + Brown on Tuesdays and Thursdays, appears to have been the earliest + gazette. The first Number was published in March, 1715. This was followed + by <i>The Edinburgh Evening Courant</i>, published on Mondays, Tuesdays, + and Thursdays. No. 1. appeared on the 15th December, 1718, and has + existed to the present time. There was another paper issued on May 8, + 1692, called <i>The Scotch Mercury</i>, giving a true account of the + daily proceedings and most remarkable public occurrences in Scotland; but + this seems to have been printed in London for R. Baldwin. The earliest + <i>Almanack</i> published in Scotland was in 1677, by Mr. Forbes of + Aberdeen, under the title of <i>A New Prognostication, calculated for + North Britain</i>, and which was continued until the year 1700.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Dictum de Kenilworth.</i>—Said to have passed anno 1266. What + was the nature of it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abredonensis.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[It is a declaration of the parliament of Henry III., containing the + terms on which the king was to grant a general pardon to the malcontents + of Ely, namely, that all who took arms against the king should pay him + the value of their lands, some for five years, others for three and for + one. A copy of it is in the Cottonian Library, Claudius, D. ii., 119. b., + and in Tyrrel's <i>Hist. of England</i>, p. 1064.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Dr. Harwood.</i>—Can you tell me in what year the Rev. Dr. + Harwood of Lichfield, author of a History of that city, and other works, + died? I <!-- Page 58 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page58"></a>{58}</span>believe it was about 1849; but I have not + been able to ascertain the exact date.</p> + + <p class="author">A. Z.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Dr. Harwood died 23rd December, 1842, aged 75. For a biographical + notice of him, see <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for February, 1843, p. 202.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>NAMES OF PLACES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 536.)</p> + + <p>I have been travelling so much about in the country since I left + England, that I have not always the opportunity of seeing your "N. & + Q." until long after the publication of the different Numbers. I have in + this way seen some Queries put to me about matters connected with the + history of the Danish settlements in England. But as I have had no + particular information to give, I have not thought it worth while to + write to say that I know nothing of any great consequence.</p> + + <p>Just when I left Copenhagen, some days ago, a friend of mine showed me + that <span class="sc">Mr. Taylor</span>, of Ormesby in Norfolk, asked + some questions regarding the Danish names of places in Norfolk.</p> + + <p>In answer to them I beg to state, that all the names terminating in + <i>-by</i> unquestionably are of Danish origin. <span class="sc">Mr. + Taylor</span> is perfectly right in supposing that several of these names + of places contain the names of the old Danish conquerors. But I do not + think that Ormesby originally has been Gormsby. Gorm certainly is the + same as Guthrum; but both of these names are distinctly different from + the name "Orme" or "Orm," which, in our old language, signifies a + serpent, and also a worm. (The famous ship, on board of which King Olaf + Tryggveson was killed in the year 1000, was called "Ormen hin lange," + <i>i.e.</i> the long serpent.) I have observed that several English + families (undoubtedly of old Scandinavian descent) at this day have the + family-name "Orm" or "Orme."</p> + + <p>Among the other names of places quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. + Taylor</span>, Rollesby most probably must be derived from the name + "Rollo" or "Rolf;" but I regard the origin of the other names as being + much more doubtful. If we had the original forms of these names, it might + have been easier to decide upon it. As the names are now, I do not see + anything purely Scandinavian in them, except the termination <i>-by</i>. + It is not at all unlikely that the name Ashby or Askeby might have been + called so from "Ash-trees" (Danish "Ask eller Esk"), but I dare not + venture into conjectures of this kind.</p> + + <p>I should be very happy if I in any other way could be of any service + to <span class="sc">Mr. Taylor</span> in his researches about the Danish + settlements in East Anglia. His remarks upon the situation of the + villages with Danish names are most interesting and instructive. I always + sincerely wish that inhabitants of the different old Danish districts in + the North and East of England would, in the same way, take up the + question about the Danish influence, as I feel fully convinced that very + remarkable and important elucidations might be gained to the history of + England during a long and hitherto very little known period.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. J. A. Worsaae.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>CLEANING OLD OAK.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 45.)</p> + + <p>Having been so frequently benefited by the instruction, especially + photographic, issuing from your most useful periodical, I feel myself + almost bound to contribute my mite of information whenever I may chance + to have the power of doing so; consequently, should you not get a better + method of assisting <span class="sc">Mr. F. M. Middleton</span> out of + his difficulty of softening old paint, as describe in the "N. & Q.," + No. 191., I beg to offer him the following, and from experience I can + vouch for its certainty of leading him to the desired result.</p> + + <p>Some years since, having had occasion to enter a lumber-room of an old + building, I was struck with the antiquated appearance of an arm-chair, + which had, in days long gone by, been daubed over with a dirty bluish + paint. Finding, on inquiry, that its owner set no particular value on it, + I met with but little difficulty in inducing him to make an exchange with + me for a good mahogany one. Soon after its being brought into my house, + one of my domestics discovered that it positively swarmed with a species + of lice, issuing from innumerable minute worm-holes and crevices, which + of course rendered it in its present state worse than useless. Determined + not to be deprived of my prize, I resolved on attempting to rid it of + this troublesome pest by washing it over with a strong solution of + caustic soda, made by mixing some quick-lime with a very strong solution + of the common washing soda (impure carbonate of soda), and pouring off + the clear supernatant liquid for use. This proceeding, much to my + satisfaction, not only succeeded in entirely getting rid of the vermin, + but on my servant's scrubbing the chair with a hard brush and hot soap + and water, I found that the caustic soda had formed a kind of soap, by + chemically uniting with the oil contained in the old paint, thereby + reducing it to such a state of softness, that by a few vigorous + applications and soakings of the above-named solution, and subsequent + scrubbings, my new favourite was also freed from its ugly time-worn + jacket of dirty paint, discovering underneath a beautifully carved and + darkly coloured oaken surface.</p> + + <p>After being perfectly dried and saturated with linseed oil, it was + frequently well rubbed, and the <!-- Page 59 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page59"></a>{59}</span>chair stands to this day, like some of the + valuable discoveries made by the alchemists when in search of the Elixir + Vitę, or the Philosopher's Stone, an example of a fortunate and + unexpected disclosure made when not directly in search of it. I have + since learnt that a fluid possessing the above-named detergent qualities, + is to be purchased at some of the oil and colour shops, the formula for + its preparation being kept a secret.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Herbert Hele.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ashburton, Devonshire.</p> + + <p>P. S.—In making the solution on a caustic alkali, perhaps I + should have said that the common carbonate of potass of commerce will do + as well as the common carbonate of soda, if not better, from the + probability of its making a stronger solution.</p> + + <p>The following recipe for taking paint off old oak is from No. 151. of + <i>The Builder</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Make a strong solution of American potash (which can be bought at any + colour-shop, and resembles burnt brick in appearance); mix this with + sawdust into a kind of paste, and spread it all over the paint, which + will become softened in a few hours, and is then easily removed by + washing with cold water. If, after the wood has dried, it becomes + cracked, apply a solution of hot size with a brush, which will bind it + well together and make it better for varnishing, as well as destroy the + beetle which is often met with in old oak, and is erroneously called the + worm."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The following is also from the same Number:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To make dark oak pale in colour, which is sometimes a desideratum, + apply with a brush a little dilute nitric acid judiciously; and to stain + light oak dark, use the dregs of black ink and burnt amber mixed. It is + better to try these plans on oak of little value at first, as, to make a + good job, requires care, practice, and attention."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton</span> will find that American + potash, soft soap, and warm water, will remove paint from oak. The + mixture should be applied with a paint-brush, and allowed to remain on + until the paint and it can be removed by washing with warm water and a + hard brush.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Getsrn.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BURIAL IN AN ERECT POSTURE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 5.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Cheverells</span> refers to the + "tradition" of one of the Harcourt family being buried in an erect + posture, and asks, "Is the probability of this being the case supported + by any, and what instances?" As this Query has been raised, it may be + worth while to mention the following circumstance, as a singular + illustration of a remarkable subject; though (as will be seen) the actual + burial in an erect posture is here also probably "traditional."</p> + + <p>Towards the close of the last century, there lived in Kidderminster an + eccentric person of the name of Orton (<i>not</i> that Orton, the friend + of Doddridge, who passed some time in the town), but "Job Orton," the + landlord of the Bell Inn. During his lifetime he erected his tomb in the + parish churchyard, with this <i>memento-mori</i> inscription graven in + large characters on the upper slab:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Job Orton, a man from Leicestershire;</p> + <p>And when he's dead, he must lie under here."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>This inscription remains unaltered to this day, and may be seen on the + right-hand of the broad walk on the north side of the spacious + churchyard. His coffin was constructed at the same time; and, until it + should be required for other and personal purposes, was used as a + <i>wine-bin</i>. But, to carry his eccentricity even to the grave, he + left strict orders that he should be buried in an <i>erect posture</i>: + and "tradition" (of course) says that his request was complied with. Your + correspondent says that tradition "assigns no reason for the peculiarity" + of the Harcourt knight's burial; but tradition has been more explicit in + Job Orton's case, whose <i>reason</i> (?) for his erect posture in the + tomb was, that at the last day he might be able to rise from his grave + before his wife, who was buried in the usual horizontal manner! Job Orton + appears to have had a peculiar talent for the composition of epitaphs; + as, in his more playful moments, he was accustomed to tell his + better-half that if he outlived her he should put the following lines on + her tombstone:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Esther Orton—a bitter, sour weed;</p> + <p>God never lov'd her, nor increas'd her seed."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>He seems, however, to have spared her this gratuitous insult. As a + farther illustration of the characters of this singular couple, the + following anecdote is told. Esther Orton having frequently declared, that + she should "never die happy until she had rolled in riches," Job, like a + good husband, determined to secure his wife's happiness. Having sold some + land for a thousand pounds, he insisted that the money should be paid + wholly in guineas. Taking these home in a bag, he locked his wife up in a + room; knocked her down, opened his bag of guineas, and raining the golden + wealth upon her, rolled his Danae over and over in the coin. "And now, + Esther," said Job Orton, "thee mayst die as soon as thee pleases: for + thee'st had thy wish, and <i>roll'd in riches</i>."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LAWYERS' BAGS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 557.)</p> + + <p>Additional evidence of the fact that lawyers used to carry + <i>green</i> bags towards the end of the <!-- Page 60 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page60"></a>{60}</span>seventeenth century, is + to be found in the <i>Plain Dealer</i>, a comedy by Wycherley.</p> + + <p>One of the principal characters in the play is the Widow Blackacre, a + petulant, litigious woman, always in law, and mother of Jerry Blackacre, + "a true raw squire under age and his mother's government, <i>bred to the + law</i>."</p> + + <p>In Act I. Sc. 1., I find the following stage directions:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Enter Widow Blackacre with a mantle and a <i>green</i> bag, and + several papers in the other hand. Jerry Blackacre, her son, in a gown, + laden with <i>green</i> bags, following her."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In Act III. Sc. 1. the widow is called impertinent and ignorant by a + lawyer of whom she demands back her fee, on his returning her brief and + declining to plead for her. This draws from her the following reply:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Impertinent again and ignorant to me! Gadsbodikins, you puny upstart + in the law to use me so, you <i>green bag</i> carrier, you murderer of + unfortunate causes," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Farther on, in the same scene, Freeman, a gentleman well educated, but + of a broken fortune, a complier with the age, thus admonishes Jerry:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Come, Squire, let your mother and your trees fall as she pleases, + rather than wear this gown and carry <i>green</i> bags all thy life, and + be pointed at for a tony. But you shall be able to deal with her yet the + common way. Thou shalt make false love to some lawyer's daughter, whose + father, upon the hopes of thy marrying her, shall lend thee money and law + to preserve thy estate and trees."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">A. W. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>[By the courtesy of our valued cotemporary <i>The Athenęum</i>, we are + permitted to reprint the following interesting communication, which + appeared in that journal on Saturday last.]</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"NEW PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS.</span></p> + + <p class="author">"Henley Street, July 6.</p> + + <p>"Your insertion of the annexed letter from my brother-in-law, Mr. John + Stewart, of Pau, will much oblige me. The utility of this mode of + reproduction seems indisputable. In reference to its concluding + paragraph, I will only add, that the <i>publication</i> of concentrated + microscopic editions of works of reference—maps, atlases, + logarithmic tables, or the concentration for pocket use of private notes + and MSS., &c., &c., and innumerable other similar + applications—is brought within the reach of any one who possesses a + small achromatic object-glass of an inch or an inch and a half in + diameter, and a brass tube, with slides before and behind the lens of a + fitting diameter to receive the plate or plates to be operated + upon,—central or nearly central rays only being required. The + details are too obvious to need mention.—I am, &c.</p> + + <p class="author">"<span class="sc">J. F. W. Herschel.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p class="author">"Pau, June 11.</p> + + <p>"Dear Herschel.—I sent you some time ago a few small-sized + studies of animals from the life, singly and in flocks, upon + collodionised glass. The great rapidity of exposition required for such + subjects, being but the fraction of a second, together with the very + considerable depth and harmony obtained, gave me reason to hope that ere + this I should have been able to produce microscopic pictures of animated + objects. For the present, I have been interrupted. Meantime, one of my + friends here, Mr. Heilmann, following the same pursuit, has lighted on an + ingenious method of taking from glass negatives positive impressions of + different dimensions, and with all the delicate minuteness which the + negative may possess. This discovery is likely, I think, to extend the + resources and the application of photography,—and with some + modifications, which I will explain, to increase the power of + reproduction to an almost unlimited amount. The plan is as + follows:—The negative to be reproduced is placed in a slider at one + end (<i>a</i>) of a camera or other box, constructed to exclude the light + throughout. The surface prepared for the reception of the + positive—whether albumen, collodion, or paper—is placed in + another slider, as usual, at the opposite extremity (<i>c</i>) of the + box, and intermediately between the two extremities (at <i>b</i>) is + placed a lens. The negative at <i>a</i> is presented to the light of the + sky, care being taken that no rays enter the box but those traversing the + partly transparent negative. These rays are received and directed by the + lens at <i>b</i> upon the sensitive surface at <i>c</i>, and the + impression of the negative is there produced with a rapidity proportioned + to the light admitted, and the sensibility of the surface presented. By + varying the distances between <i>a</i> and <i>c</i>, and <i>c</i> and + <i>b</i>, any dimension required may be given to the positive impression. + Thus, from a medium-sized negative, I have obtained negatives four times + larger than the original, and other impressions reduced thirty times, + capable of figuring on a watch-glass, brooch, or ring.</p> + + <p>"Undoubtedly one of the most interesting and important advantages + gained by this simple arrangement is, the power of varying the dimensions + of a picture or portrait. Collodion giving results of almost microscopic + minuteness, such negatives bear enlarging considerably without any very + perceptible deterioration in that respect. Indeed, as regards portraits, + there is a gain instead of a loss; the power of obtaining good and + pleasing likenesses appears to me decidedly increased, the facility of + subsequent enlargement permitting them to be taken sufficiently small, at + a sufficient distance (and therefore with greater rapidity and certainty) + <!-- Page 61 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page61"></a>{61}</span>to + avoid all the focal distortion so much complained of,—while the due + enlargement of a portrait taken on glass has the effect, moreover, of + depriving it of that hardness of outline so objectionable in a collodion + portrait, giving it more artistic effect, and this without quitting the + perfect focal point as has been suggested.</p> + + <p>"But there are many other advantages obtained by this process. For + copying by engraving, &c. the exact dimension required of any picture + may at once be given to be copied from.</p> + + <p>"A very small photographic apparatus can thus be employed when a large + one might be inconvenient or impracticable, the power of reproducing on a + larger scale being always in reserve. Independent of this power of + varying the size, positives so taken of the <i>same</i> dimension as the + negative reproduce, as will be readily understood, much more completely + the finer and more delicate details of the negatives than positives taken + by any other process that I am acquainted with.</p> + + <p>"The negative also may be reversed in its position at <i>a</i> so as + to produce upon glass a positive to be seen either upon or under the + glass. And while the rapidity and facility of printing are the same as in + the case of positives taken on paper prepared with the iodide of silver, + the negatives, those on glass particularly, being so easily injured, are + much better preserved, all actual contact with the positive being + avoided. For the same reason, by this process positive impressions can be + obtained not only upon wet paper, &c., but also upon hard inflexible + substances, such as porcelain, ivory, glass, &c.,—and upon this + last, the positives being transparent are applicable to the stereoscope, + magic lantern, &c.</p> + + <p>"By adopting the following arrangement, this process may be used + largely to increase the power and speed of reproduction with little loss + of effect. From a positive thus obtained, say on collodion, <i>several + hundred</i> negatives may be produced either on paper or on albumenised + glass. If on the latter, and the dimension of the original negative is + preserved, the loss in minuteness of detail and harmony is almost + imperceptible, and even when considerably enlarged, is so trifling as in + the majority of cases to prove no objection in comparison with the + advantage gained in size, while in not a few cases, as already stated, + the picture actually gains by an augmentation of size. Thus, by the + simultaneous action, if necessary, of some hundreds of negatives, many + thousand impressions of the same picture may be produced in the course of + a day.</p> + + <p>"I cannot but think, therefore, that this simple but ingenious + discovery will prove a valuable addition to our stock of photographic + manipulatory processes. It happily turns to account and utilises one of + the chief excellencies of collodion—that extreme minuteness of + detail which from its excess becomes almost a defect at + times,—toning it down by increase of size till the harshness is + much diminished, and landscapes, always more or less unpleasing on + collodion from that cause, are rendered somewhat less dry and crude.</p> + + <p>"A very little practice will suffice to show the operator the quality + of glass negatives—I mean as to vigour and development—best + adapted for reproducing positives by this method. He will also find that + a great power of correction is obtained, by which overdone parts in the + negative can be reduced and others brought up. Indeed, in consequence of + this and other advantages, I have little doubt that this process will be + very generally adopted in portrait taking.</p> + + <p>"Should your old idea of preserving public records in a concentrated + form on microscopic negatives ever be adopted, the immediate positive + reproduction on an enlarged readable scale, without the possibility of + injury to the plate, will be of service.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"I am, &c. "<span class="sc">John Stewart.</span>"</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>The Ring Finger</i> (Vol. vii., p. 601.).—The Greek Church + directs that the ring be put on the right hand (Schmid, <i>Liturgik</i>, + iii. 352.: Nassau, 1842); and although the direction of the Sarum + <i>Manual</i> is by no means clear (see Palmer's <i>Origines + Liturgicę</i>, ii. 213., ed. 2.), such may have formerly been the + practice in England, since Rastell, in his counter-challenge to Bishop + Jewel, notes it as novelty of the Reformation,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"That the man should put the wedding-ring on the fourth finger in the + left hand of the woman, and not on the right hand, as hath been many + hundreds of years continued."—Heylyn, <i>Hist. Ref.</i>, ii. 430. + 8vo. ed.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But the practice of the Roman communion in general agrees with that of + the Anglican. (Schmid, iii. 350-2.) Martene quotes from an ancient + pontifical an order that the bridegroom should place the ring + successively on three fingers of the right hand, and then shall leave it + on the fourth finger of the left, in order to mark the difference between + the marriage ring, the symbol of a love which is mixed with carnal + affection, and the episcopal ring, the symbol of entire chastity. + (<i>Mart. de Antiquis Eccl. Ritibus</i>, ii. 128., ed. Venet. 1783; + Schmid, p. 352.)</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. R.</p> + + <p><i>The Order of St. John of Jerusalem</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 407. + 628.).—As my old neighbour R. L. P. dates from the banks of the + Lake of Constance, and may possibly not see W. W.'s communication for + some time, I in the meanwhile take the liberty of informing W. W. that + the order of St. John was restored in England by Queen Mary, and, with + other orders revived by her, was again suppressed by the act 1 Eliz. c. + 24.</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. R.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 62 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page62"></a>{62}</span></p> + + <p><i>Calvin's Correspondence</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 501. 621.).—It + may be well to mention that all the letters of Calvin which <span + class="sc">Mr. Walter</span> quotes, are to be found in the old + collection of his correspondence; perhaps, however, the latter copies may + be fuller or more correct in some parts.</p> + + <p>The original French of the lone letter to Protector Somerset is + printed by Henry in his <i>Life of Calvin;</i> but, like the other + documents of that laborious work, it is omitted without notice in the + English travestie which bears the name of Dr. Stebbing.</p> + + <p>Heylyn's mis-statement as to Calvin and Cranmer is exposed, and the + ground of it is pointed out, in the late edition of the <i>Ecclesia + Restaurata</i>, vol. i. p. 134.</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. R.</p> + + <p><i>Old Booty's Case</i> (Vol. vii., p. 634.).—A friend, on whose + accuracy I can rely, has examined the <i>London Gazettes</i> for 1687 and + 1688, in the British Museum: they do not contain any report of Booty's + case. I thought I had laid Booty's ghost in Vol. iii., p. 170., by + showing that the facts of the case were unlikely and the law + impossible.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C.</p> + + <p class="address">U. U. Club.</p> + + <p><i>Chatterton</i> (Vol. vii., p. 267.).—We are all very curious + in Bristol to know what evidence or light J. M. G. of Worcester can bring + to bear upon the Rowley Poems from the researches (as he states) of an + individual here to prove not only that Chatteron was not their author, + but that probably the "Venerable Rowley" himself was.</p> + + <p>I had thought in 1853 no one doubted their authorship. There is + abundance of proof to show Rowley could not have written them, and that + only Chatterton could have done so.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bristoliensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>House-marks, &c.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 594.).—It is very + well known that the sign of the "Swan with two Necks," in London, is a + corruption of the private mark of the owner of the swans, viz., two nicks + made by cutting the neck feathers close in two spaces. It is also a + common custom in Devon to mark all cattle, horses, &c., with the + owner's mark when sent out on Exmoor, Dartmoor, and other large + uninclosed tracts for summering: thus, Sir Thos. Dyke Acland's mark is an + anchor on the near side of each of his large herd of ponies, on + Exmoor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Collyns.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Harlow.</p> + + <p><i>Bibliography</i> (Vol. vii., p. 597.).—The following may + assist <span class="sc">Mariconda</span>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Fischer: Beschreibung einiger Typographischer Seltenheiten nebst + Beyträgen zur Erfindungsgeschichte der Buchdruckerkunst, 8vo. Mainz, + 1800-4.</p> + + <p>Origin of Printing, in Two Essays; with Remarks and Appendix, 8vo. + 1776.</p> + + <p>The Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain, by J. Johnson, Dr. + Dibdin, Dr. Wilkins, and others, Longmans, 1824.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>He will also find a list of works under the head <span + class="sc">Printing</span> in the <i>Penny Cyclopędia</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Getsrn.</span></p> + + <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432. Vol. vii. + <i>passim.</i>).—A parochial library was for many years deposited + in the room over the south entrance of Beccles Church. The books consist + chiefly of old divinity, &c., and appear to have been gifts from + various persons; among whom were Bishop Trimnel (of Norwich), Sir Samuel + Barnardiston, Sir Edmund Bacon of Gillingham, Sir John Playters, Mrs. + Anna North, and Mr. Ridgly of London. There is a copy of Walton's + <i>Polyglot Bible</i>, 1655-7, besides an odd volume of the same work + (Job to Malachi), 1656, uncut. It is probable that many of the books have + been lost, as the room in which they were kept was used as a repository + for discarded ecclesiastical appliances, and, latterly, for charity + blankets during summer. In 1840, with the consent of the late bishop of + Norwich, and of the rector and churchwardens of the parish, the remaining + volumes (about 170) were removed to the public library room, and placed + under the care of the committee of that institution. A catalogue of them + was then printed. The greater part have been repaired, with the aid of a + donation of 10<i>l.</i> from a former inhabitant, who had reason to + believe that some of the works had been lost in consequence of their + having been in his hands many years ago. Are there not numerous instances + elsewhere in which this example might be copied with propriety?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Rix.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Beccles.</p> + + <p><i>Faithfull Teate</i> (Vol. vii., p. 529.).—"Though this + author's name be spelt Teate, there is great reason to believe that he + was the father of Nahum Tate, translator of the Psalms."—<i>Bibl. + Anglopoetica</i>, p. 361. In the punning copy of verses preceding the + "Ter Tria" is this distich:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"We wish that Teats and Herberts may inspire</p> + <p>Randals and Davenants with poetick fire.—<span class="sc">Jo. Chishutt.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>My copy is on miserable paper, yet priced 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, with + this remark in MS. by some former possessor: "Very rare: which will not + be wondered at by any one who will read five pages carefully."</p> + + <p class="author">E. D.</p> + + <p><i>Lack-a-daisy</i> (Vol. vi., p. 353.).—Todd had better have + allowed Johnson to speak for himself: <i>lack-a-daisy, lack-a-day, alack + the day</i>, as Juliet's nurse exclaims, and <i>alas-the-day</i>, are + only various readings of the same expression. And of such inquiries and + such solutions as Todd's, I cannot refrain from expressing my sentiments + in the <!-- Page 63 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page63"></a>{63}</span>words of poor Ophelia, "Alack! and fye for + shame!"</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Bacon</i> (Vol. ii., p. 247.; Vol. iii., p. 41.).—I think + that you have not noticed one very common use of this word, as evidently + meaning <i>beechen.</i> Schoolboys call tops made of boxwood, + <i>boxers;</i> while the inferior ones, which are generally made of + beechwood, they call <i>bacons.</i></p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Angel-beast—Cleek—Longtriloo</i> (Vol. v., p. + 559.).—An account of these games, the nature of which is required + by your correspondent, is given in the <i>Compleat Gamester</i>, + frequently reprinted in the latter part of the seventeenth century. The + first, which is there called <i>beast</i>, is said to derive its name + from the French <i>la bett</i>, meaning, no doubt, <i>bźte</i>. It seems + to have resembled the game of loo. <i>Gleek</i> is the proper name of the + second game, and not <i>check</i>, as your correspondent suggests. It was + played by three persons, and the cards bore the names of Tib, Tom, Tiddy, + Towser, and Tumbler. Hence we may conclude that it was an old English + game. The third game, or <i>lanterloo</i>, is evidently the original form + of the game now known as <i>loo</i>. Its name would seem to indicate a + Dutch origin.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Hans Krauwinckel</i> (Vol. v., p. 450.).—When the ground in + Charterhouse Square was opened in 1834, for the purposes of sewerage (I + believe), vast numbers of bones and skeletons were found, being the + remains, as was supposed, of those who died of the Plague in 1348, and + had been interred in that spot, as forming a part of Pardon Churchyard, + which had lately been purchased by Sir Walter Manny, for the purposes of + burial, and attached to the Carthusian convent there. Among the bones a + few galley halfpence, and other coins, were found, as also a considerable + number of abbey counters or jettons. I do not recollect if there was any + date on the counters but the name "Hans Krauwinckel" occurred on some of + them which fell into my possession, and which I gave some years ago to + the Museum of the City Library, Guildhall. If these were coeval, as was + generally supposed, with the Plague of 1348, it is singular that the same + name should be found on abbey counters with the date 1601. I should be + obliged if any of your correspondents could inform me when the use of + jettons ceased in England; and whether Pardon Churchyard was used as a + place of sepulture after 1348, and, if so, how long?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Revolving Toy</i> (Vol. vi., p. 517.).—The Chinese have + lanterns with paper figures in them which revolve by the heat, and are + very common about New Year time.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Shanghai.</p> + + <p><i>Rub-a-dub</i> (Vol. iii., p. 388.).—Your correspondent seems + at a loss for an early instance of this expression. In Percy's + <i>Reliques</i> there is a song, the refrain or burden of which is:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Rub-a-dub, rub-a-dub, so beat your drums,</p> + <p>Tantara, tantara, the Englishman comes."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Muffs worn by Gentlemen.</i>—In one of Goldsmith's + <i>Essays</i> I remember well an allusion to the practice. The writer of + the letter, or essay, states that he met his female cousin in the Mall, + and after some sparring conversation, she ridicules him for carrying "a + nasty <i>old</i>-fashioned [<span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1760] muff;" + and his retort is, that he "heartily wishes it were a tippet, for her + sake,"—glancing at her dress, which was, I suppose, somewhat what + we moderns call "décolletée".</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. G.</p> + + <p><i>Detached Church Towers.</i>—The Norman tower at Bury St. + Edmund's should not be included in the lists. Although now used as the + bell tower of the neighbouring church of St. James, it was erected + several centuries before the church, and was known as the "Great Gate of + the Churchyard," or the "Great Gate of the Church of St. Edmund." It + would be very desirable to add to the list the date of the tower, and its + distance from the church.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis.</span></p> + + <p>Add to the list the modern Roman Catholic chapel at Baltinglass, + Ireland. It has a detached tower built in a field above it, and, although + devoid of architectural beauty, is so placed that it appears an integral + part of the chapel from almost any point of view.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Leeper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p>Is not the bell-tower at Hackney detached from the church? I do not + remember that it has been yet named by your correspondents.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + + <p><i>Christian Names</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 626.).—On the name + of Besilius Fetiplace, Sheriff of Berkshire, in 26 Elizabeth, Fuller + remarks,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Some may colourably mistake it for <i>Basilius</i> or <i>Basil</i>, + whereas indeed it is <i>Besil</i>, a surname.... Reader, I am confident + an instance can hardly be produced of a surname made Christian, in + England, save since the Reformation; before which time the priests were + scrupulous to admit any at font, except they were baptised with the name + of a Scripture or legendary saint. Since, it hath been common; and + although the Lord Coke was pleased to say he had noted many of them prove + unfortunate, yet the good success in others confutes the general truth of + the observation."—<i>Worthies</i>, vol. i. pp. 159, 160., edit. + Nuttall.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">J. C. R.</p> + + <p>Lord C. of Ireland, which <span class="sc">Mr. William Bates</span> + guesses to be Lord <i>Castlereagh</i>, was Lord <i>Clare</i>, Chancellor + of Ireland, who used also to call men <!-- Page 64 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page64"></a>{64}</span>with three names by a + term opprobrious among the Romans: "Homines trium literarum."</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Hogarth's Pictures</i> (Vol. vii. <i>passim</i>).—One of the + correspondents of "N. & Q." inquires where he could see some pictures + from this great artist. May I ask if he is aware of the three very fine + large paintings in the Church of St. Mary, Redcliffe, Bristol? which I am + told will shortly be sold.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bristoliensis.</span></p> + + <p>P.S.—They were painted for the church, and the vestry holds his + autograph receipt for the payment of them.</p> + + <p><i>Old Fogie</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 354. 559. 632.).—Whether the + origin of this term be Irish, Scotch, or Swedish I know not; but I cannot + help stating the significant meaning which, as an Edinburgh boy at the + beginning of the century, I was taught to attach to it. Every High-School + boy agreed in applying it to the veterans of the Castle garrison, to the + soldiers of the Town Guard (veterans also, and especial foes of my + school-mates), and more generally to any old and objectionable gentleman, + civil or military. It implied that, like stones which have ceased to + roll, they had obtained the proverbial covering of <i>moss</i>, or, as it + is called in Scotland (probably in Ireland also), <i>fog</i>. I have + heard in Scotland the "<i>Moss</i> Rose" called the "<i>Fogie</i> Rose;" + and there is a well-known species of the humble bee which has its nest in + a mossy bank, and is itself clothed with a moss-like covering: its name + among the Scottish peasantry is the <i>fogie</i> bee.</p> + + <p class="author">G. J. F.</p> + + <p class="address">Bolton.</p> + + <p><i>Clem</i> (Vol. vii., p. 615.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley</span> considers this word to mean <i>press</i> or + <i>restrain</i>, and quotes three passages from Massinger and Jonson in + support of his opinion; admitting, however, that it is usually rendered + <i>starve</i>. Now, whatever may have been the root of this word, or + whencesoever it may have been derived, I think it must be admitted that + <i>starve</i> is the correct meaning of the word in these passages. Let + the reader test it by substituting <i>starve</i> for <i>clem</i> in each + case. In Cheshire and Lancashire the word is in common use to this day, + and invariably means <i>starved</i> for want of food. Of a thin, + emaciated child it is said, "His mother <i>clems</i> him." A person + exceedingly hungry says, "I'm welly <i>clem'd</i>; I'm almost or + well-nigh <i>starved</i>." It is the ordinary appeal of a beggar in the + streets, when asking for food.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edw. Hawkins.</span></p> + + <p><i>Kissing Hands</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.).—<span + class="sc">Cape</span> will find in Suetonius that Caligula's hands were + kissed.</p> + + <p class="author">C.</p> + + <p><i>Uniform of the Foot Guards</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.).—In + answer to D. N., as to where he can see uniforms of the Foot Guards, 1660 + to 1670, I have to refer him to the Orderly-room, Horse Guards, where he + will see the costume of the three regiments since they were raised. In + Mackinnon's <i>History of the Coldstream Guards</i>, he will find that + regiment's dress from the year 1650 to 1840.</p> + + <p class="author">C. D.</p> + + <p><i>Book Inscriptions</i> (Vol. vii., p. 455.).—At the end of No. + 1801. <i>Harl. MSS.</i> is the following:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hic liber est scriptus,</p> + <p>Qui scripsit sit benedictus.</p> + <p>Qui scriptoris manum</p> + <p>Culpat, basiat anum."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In the printed catalogue there is this note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Neotricus quidam hos scripsit versiculos, ex alio forsan Codice + depromptos."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="grk">ω</span>. <span class="grk">φ</span>.</p> + + <p>I have not seen the following amongst your deprecatory rhymes. It may + come in with another batch. The nature of the punishment is somewhat + different from that usually selected, and savours of Spain:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Si quisquis furetur</p> + <p class="i1">This little libellum,</p> + <p>Per Phœbum, per Jovem,</p> + <p class="i1">I'll kill him, I'll fell him!</p> + <p>In ventum illius</p> + <p class="i1">I'll stick my scalpellum,</p> + <p>And teach him to steal</p> + <p class="i1">My little libellum."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rubi.</span></p> + + <p>In a Gesner's <i>Thesaurus</i> I have the following label of the date + 1762:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ex Caroli Ferd. Hommelii Bibliotheca.</p> + + <p>"Intra quatuordecim dies comodatum ni reddideris, neq' belle + custodieris, alio tempore, Non habeo, dicam."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Humbug</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 550. 631.).—I do not remember any + earlier use of this word than in Fielding's <i>Amelia</i>, 1751. Its + origin is involved in obscurity: but may it not be a corruption of the + Latin <i>ambages</i>, or the singular ablative <i>ambage</i>? which + signifies <i>quibbling, subterfuge</i>, and that kind of conduct which is + generally supposed to constitute <i>humbug</i>. It is very possible that + it may have been pedantically introduced in the seventeenth century. May, + in his translation of Lucan, uses the word <i>ambages</i> as an English + word.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p> + + <p>A severe instance of the use of the term "humbug" occurred in a court + of justice. A female in giving her evidence repeatedly used this term. In + her severe cross-examination, the counsel (a very plain, if not an ugly + person) observed she had frequently used the term humbug, and desired to + know what she meant by it, and to <!-- Page 65 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page65"></a>{65}</span>have an explanation; to + which she replied, "Why, Sir, if I was to say you were a very handsome + man, would you not think I was humbugging you?" The counsel sat down + perfectly satisfied.</p> + + <p class="author">G. H. J.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Isaac Newton and Voltaire on Railway Travelling</i> (Vol. + viii., p. 34.).—The passage in Daniel alluded to is probably the + following:—"Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be + increased," chap. xii. v. 4. <span class="sc">Mr. Craig</span> should + send to your pages the exact words of Newton and Voltaire, with + references to the books in which the passages may be found.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Bruce.</span></p> + + <p><i>Engine-ą-verge</i> (Vol. vii., p. 619.).—Is not this what we + term a garden engine? The French <i>vergier</i> (<i>viridarium</i>) is + doubtless so named, quia <i>virgā</i> definita; and we have the old + English word <i>verge</i>, a garden, from the same source.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>"Populus vult decipi," &c.</i> (Vol. vii., p. 572.).—The + origin of this phrase is found in Thuanus, lib. xvii. <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1556. See Jackson's <i>Works</i>, book iii. ch. + 32. § 9. <i>note</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">C. P. E.</p> + + <p><i>Sir John Vanbrugh</i> (Vol. vii., p. 619.).—Sir John Vanbrugh + was the grandson of a Protestant refugee, from a family originally of + Ghent in Flanders. The Duke of Alva's persecution drove him to England, + where he became a merchant in London. Giles, the son of this refugee, + resided in Chester, became rich by trade, and married the youngest + daughter of Sir Dudley Carleton, by whom he had eight sons, of whom Sir + John Vanbrugh was the second. The presumption is he was born in Chester, + but the precise date is unknown.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p><i>Erroneous Forms of Speech</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 329. + 632.).—With regard to your two correspondents E. G. R. and M., I + hold that, with Cowper's disputants, "both are right and both are + wrong."</p> + + <p>The name of the <i>field</i> beet is, in the language of the + unlearned, <i>mangel-wurzel</i>, "the root of poverty." It acquired that + name from having been used as food by the poor in Germany during a time + of great famine. Turning to Buchanan's <i>Technological Dictionary</i>, I + find,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Mangel-wurzel.</i> Field beet; a variety between the red and + white. It has as yet been only partially cultivated in Britain."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In reference to the assertion of your later correspondent, that "such + a thing as mangel-wurzel is not known on the Continent," I would ask if + either he or his friends are familiar with half the beautiful and + significant terms applied to English flowers and herbs? If he prefer + using mangold for beet, he is quite at liberty to do so, and I believe on + sufficiently good authority. What says Noehden, always a leading + authority in German:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Mangold.</i> Red beet; name of some other plants, such as lungwort + and sorrel."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Mangold is here, then, a generic term, standing for other plants + equally with the beet. One suggestion, however; I would recommend the + generic term, when used at all, to be used alone, leaving the more + familiar appellation as it stands, for the adoption of those who prefer + the homely but suggestive phraseology to which it belongs.</p> + + <p class="author">E. L. H.</p> + + <p><i>Devonianisms</i> (Vol. vii., p. 630.).—<i>Plum</i>, adj. I am + at a loss for the origin of this word as employed in Devonshire in the + sense of "soft," <i>e.g.</i> "a <i>plum</i> bed:" meaning a soft, downy + bed.</p> + + <p>Query: Can it be from the Latin <i>pluma</i>? And if so, what is its + history?</p> + + <p>There is also a verb <i>to plum</i>, which is obscure. Dough, when + rising under the influence of heat and fermentation, is said to be + <i>plumming</i> well; and the word <i>plum</i>, as an adjective, is used + as the opposite of <i>heavy</i> with regard to currant and other cakes + when baked. If the cake rises well in the oven, it is commonly said that + it is "nice and plum;" and <i>vice versā</i>, that it is heavy.</p> + + <p><i>Clunk</i>, verb. This word is used by the common people, more + especially the peasantry, to denote the swallowing of masses of + unmasticated food; and of morsels that may not be particularly relished, + such as fat. What is the origin of the word?</p> + + <p><i>Dollop</i>, subs. This word, as well as the one last-named, is very + expressive in the vocabulary of the vulgar. It is applied to lumps of any + substances, whether food or otherwise. Such a phrase as this might be + heard: "What a <i>dollop</i> of fat you have given me!" "Well," would be + the reply, "if you don't like it, <i>clunk</i> it at once." I should be + glad to be enlightened as to the etymology of this term.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Isaiah W. N. Keys.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Plymouth, Devon.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">A Narrative of the Holy Life and Happy Death of Mr. + John Angier.</span> London. 1685.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Moore's Melodies.</span> 15th Edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Wood's Athenę Oxonienses</span> (ed. Bliss). 4 vols. + 4to. 1813-20.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Complaynts of Scotland.</span> 8vo. Edited by + Leyden. 1804.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Shakspeare's Plays.</span> Vol. V. of Johnson and + Steevens's edition, in 15 vols. 8vo. 1739.</p> + + <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to + send their names.</i></p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 66 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page66"></a>{66}</span></p> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><i>Owing to the necessity of infringing on the present Number for the + Title-page of our</i> Seventh Volume, <i>we are compelled to omit many + interesting communications, and our usual</i> <span class="sc">Notes on + Books</span>, &c.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Abredonensis</span> <i>must be referred to the</i> + Philosophical Transactions, vol. xliii. p. 249., <i>for a reply to his + Query. It will be sufficient here to state, that the Willingham Boy was + at his birth of gigantic form, and an object of great curiosity to the + philosophical world. It is not stated how long he lived, or what + education he received, so that we cannot ascertain whether he + distinguished himself in any "department of literature or art."</i></p> + + <p>H. N. <i>will find in our</i> Seventh Volume, p. 192., <i>that the + quotation—</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love," &c.,</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p><i>is from J. P. Kemble's Comedy of</i> The Panel, <i>altered from + Bickerstaff's</i> 'Tis well 'tis no worse.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Pollock's Process.</span>—"<i>In answer + to</i> N. T. B., <i>a saturated solution of hypo. saturated with iodide + of silver.</i></p> + + <p>"21. Maddox Street. <span + class="sc">Henry Pollock.</span>"</p> + + <p>T. B. (Coventry). <i>Paper positives are seldom varnished. The glossy + appearance which they possess may depend either upon their being printed + on albumenised paper, or upon their being hot-pressed. The latter process + always much improves the picture. Where the size has been much removed, + it is well to re-size the paper, which may be done by boiling a few + parchment cuttings in water, and soaking the prints in the + liquor.</i></p> + + <p>H. H. H. (Ashburton). <i>All the best authorities concur in the + uncertain properties of the salts of gold. We have seen some + Daguerreotypes which have been executed about three years, and were + treated with the salts of gold, and which are now mere shades.</i></p> + + <p>C. M. M. (Abbey Road). <i>Your question as to the spots has been + carefully answered in a late Number. The film which you notice on the + surface of your nit. silver bath depends upon the remaining portion of + ether in the collodion being liberated, which, not being very soluble in + water, causes the greasy appearance. It soon evaporates, and is of no + consequence.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">T. Cook</span> <i>is thanked for his offer of a cheap + and easy method of obtaining pictures for the stereoscope. We shall be + glad to receive it.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. Diamond's Photographic Notes.</span>—<i>We + share in the desire expressed by</i> W. C., J. M. S., <i>and many other + Correspondents, for the speedy publication of this volume. But we believe + the delay is not to be regretted. It is a very easy matter to write a + book upon Photography; but it requires no small labour, and great + consideration, to produce such a volume as</i> <span class="sc">Dr. + Diamond</span> <i>proposes, in which it is his desire to explain + everything so clearly, that a person living in a remote part of the + country, or in the colonies, may, from his directions, make a good + photograph.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—P. 25., last line, read "camp<i>u</i>s" for + "camp<i>re</i>s;" p. 26., fourth line, read "iar<i>o</i>" for + "iar<i>s</i>;" p. 36., 2nd col. line 18., read "regularity" for + "irregularity."</p> + + <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., <i>price Three Guineas and a + Half, may now be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</p> + + <p>BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,</p> + + <p>RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that + he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information + respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN, + &c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with + Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Material, &c., &c.</p> + + <p>Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct + communications by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory + arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + +<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by + post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different + Bedsteads; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. + And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room + Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render + their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical +and Photographical Instrument Makers, and +Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BROMIZED COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, are ready to supply the above Photographic Agent: Vide + <i>Photographic Journal</i>, June 21st. Their Iodized Collodion is highly + sensitive, and retains all its qualities unimpaired for three months. The + Sensitive Solution may be had separate. Pure Chemicals, Apparatus, and + all the requisites for the practice of Photography, and Instruction in + all its Branches.</p> + + <p>A very superior Positive Paper.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frčres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION. + Translated from the French.</p> + + <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S + celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p> + + <p>General Depōt for Turner's, Whatman's Canson Frčres', La Croix, and + other Talbotype Papers.</p> + + <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p> + + <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, + Islington.</p> + + <p>T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call + the attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the + superiority of his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, + possessing the efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, + with the portability and convenience of the Folding Ditto.</p> + + <p>Every description of Apparatus to order.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>SPECTACLES.—WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a + Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a + Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's + Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement + of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p> + + <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited + at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are + so constructed that the rays of Light fall nearly perpendicular to the + surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely + removed, and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power + and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the + various sizes on application to</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 67 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page67"></a>{67}</span></p> + + <p>HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS for the PIANOFORTE. Thirty-eighth + Edition Price 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"So simple and clear are the directions laid down that any one with a + moderate degree of application would have no difficulty in overcoming the + intricacies of the instrument. The lessons are progressive, and the + treatise is popular," &c.—Tallis's <i>London Weekly + Paper</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>ROBERT COCKS & CO.'s CHORISTER'S HAND-BOOK. Edited by JOSEPH + WARREN. 1 vol. 4to., white cloth boards, price 8<i>s.</i> or in 52 + Numbers, each 2<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Valuable contribution to choral melody; contains no fewer than + fifty-two anthems, arranged for two, three, or four voices (with piano or + organ accompaniment), in a very effective style. The work is marvellously + cheap, and should find a place in every parochial choir."—Tallis's + <i>London Weekly Paper</i>, March 12.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>HAMILTON'S MODERN INSTRUCTIONS IN SINGING. Large music folio, + 5<i>s.</i> ROBERT COCKS & CO.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"One of the most useful of the many works which the Messrs. Cocks have + published. We cordially recommend this volume; like the Author's 'Modern + Instructions for the Pianoforte,' it will become one of the most popular + works of the day."—<i>Scottish Press</i>, March 16.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>SACRED MUSIC.—A Select CATALOGUE of SACRED MUSIC, Vocal and for + the Organ, including the favourite Oratorios of Handel and others (with + Tables of Contents), Cathedral Music, Choral Music, Psalmody, &c. New + Edition, enlarged, 4to., 40 pp.—Gratis, and Postage free, on + application to the Publishers, ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington + Street, London: and of all Music-sellers and Booksellers.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New +Burlington Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, +NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,<br /> +DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING +FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p> + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> +"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In 2 vols. Imperial 8vo., cloth, 4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE IMPERIAL DICTIONARY; ENGLISH, TECHNOLOGICAL, AND SCIENTIFIC. + Adapted to the Present State of Literature, Science, and Art, on the + Basis of Webster's "English Dictionary;" with the Addition of many + Thousand Words and Phrases from the other Standard Dictionaries and + Encyclopedias, and from numerous other sources; comprising all Words + purely English, and the principal and most generally used Technical and + Scientific Terms, together with their Etymologies, and their + Pronunciation, according to the best authorities.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">ILLUSTRATED BY UPWARDS OF TWO +THOUSAND ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I can safely pronounce it to be the most perfect work of its kind + that has ever appeared. No man, literary or mercantile, should be without + it.—<span class="sc">Charles Edward Tindal</span>, Rector of St. + Andrew's Church, Dublin.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I have examined 'Blackie's Imperial Dictionary,' and it appears to me + to be decidedly the best work of the kind in the English + language."—<span class="sc">Walter Scott</span>, President and + Theological Tutor of Airedale Castle.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the beauty of the type, + the clearness of the definitions, and to the great addition of words of + recent introduction into our language. I have compared it with several + contemporary publications of a similar character, and hesitate not for + one moment to say, it is decidedly the best of those which have come + under my notice."—<span class="sc">E. Cobham Brewer</span>, LL.D., + Author of "Guide to Science," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">BLACKIE & SON, Warwick Square, London, +and Edinburgh and Glasgow.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">READING FOR TRAVELLERS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, foolscap, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>SAMUEL JOHNSON. By THOMAS CARLYLE. Reprinted from "Critical and + Miscellaneous Essays."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Recently published,</p> + + <p>CHARACTER and ANECDOTES of CHARLES the SECOND. 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>MONTENEGRO and the SLAVONIANS of TURKEY. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE VILLAGE DOCTOR. 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>FRANKLIN'S FOOTSTEPS; a Sketch of Greenland, &c. 1<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>MAGIC and WITCHCRAFT. 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>OLD ROADS AND NEW ROADS. 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: CHAPMAN & HALL<br /> +193. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This day, post 8vo. cloth, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE TURKS IN EUROPE: A Sketch of Manners and Politics in the Ottoman + Empire. By BAYLE ST. JOHN, Author of "Village Life in Egypt," "Two Years' + Residence in a Levantine Family," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: CHAPMAN & HALL,<br /> +193. Piccadilly.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ARUNDEL SOCIETY.—Casts of one of the most Perfect Slabs (No. + 47.) of the PARTHENON FRIEZE in the Elgin Collection, lately reduced by + MR. CHEVERTON to one-third scale, will now be sold by Written Order of + MR. MACKAY:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>1. Fictile Ivory 15<i>s.</i> (to Members, 10<i>s.</i>)—2. + Superfine Plaster, 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> (Members, 7<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>)—3. Rough Plaster, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> (Members, + 5<i>s.</i>)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Electro-bronze Copies may be had at MESSRS. ELKINGTON'S 22. Regent + Street, price 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> (to Members, 35<i>s.</i>)</p> + + <p>Casts of THESEUS and ILISSUS are still kept.</p> + + <p>These Casts are independent of the Annual Publications supplied to + Members.</p> + + <p>Apply at MESSRS. P. & D. COLNAGHI'S, 14. Pall Mall, East.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 68 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page68"></a>{68}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">MURRAY'S +RAILWAY READING</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, new and revised Edition, post 8vo., +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS: Historical and Romantic. Translated, with + Notes, by JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART, ESQ.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, fcap, 8vo., 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A MONTH IN NORWAY, during the Summer of 1852. By JOHN G. HOLLWAY, + ESQ.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">The former Volumes of Murray's Railway +Reading are—</p> + + <p>LIFE OF LORD BACON. By LORD CAMPBELL.</p> + + <p>WELLINGTON. By JULES MAUREL.</p> + + <p>FALL OF JERUSALEM. By DEAN MILMAN.</p> + + <p>STORY OF JOAN OF ARC. By LORD MAHON.</p> + + <p>LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. By HENRY HALLAM.</p> + + <p>LIFE OF THEODORE HOOK.</p> + + <p>THE EMIGRANT. By SIR F. B. HEAD.</p> + + <p>CHARACTER OF WELLINGTON. By LORD ELLESMERE.</p> + + <p>MUSIC AND DRESS. By a LADY.</p> + + <p>POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. By A. H. LAYARD.</p> + + <p>BEES AND FLOWERS. By a CLERGYMAN.</p> + + <p>"THE FORTY-FIVE." By LORD MAHON.</p> + + <p>ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES."</p> + + <p>DEEDS of NAVAL DARING. By EDWARD GIFFARD.</p> + + <p>THE ART OF DINING.</p> + + <p>JOURNEY TO NEPAUL. By LAURENCE OLIPHANT.</p> + + <p>THE CHACE, TURF, AND ROAD. By NIMROD.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Just ready,</p> + + <p>HISTORY, AS A CONDITION OF SOCIAL PROGRESS. By SAMUEL LUCAS. Fcap. + 8vo., price 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, with Woodcuts, Post 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, and of many who have lived there. Collected + from Ancient Chronicles and Records; also, from the Private Memoirs of a + Family resident there in the Time of the Civil Wars, which include + various particulars of the Court of Charles I., when at York, and + afterwards at Oxford. By the RIGHT HON. GEORGE BANKES, M.P.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR +GARDENS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE +AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. +LINDLEY,)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Of Saturday, July 9 contains Articles on</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Contents." title="Contents."> +<tr><td class="rightbsing" valign="top"> +Abies bracteata<br /> +Acorns, Mexican<br /> +Agriculture, progressive, by Mr. Morton<br /> +Anbury, by Mr. Goodiff<br /> +Ants, how to get rid of black<br /> +Balsam, the<br /> +Bees, right of claiming<br /> +Bidwill (Mr.), death of<br /> +Bohn's (Mr.) Rose fete<br /> +Books noticed<br /> +Botany of the camp, by Mr. Ilott<br /> +Bottles, to cut<br /> +Calendar, horticultural<br /> +—— agricultural<br /> +Carts and waggons<br /> +Cattle, red water in<br /> +Celery, to blanch<br /> +Chiswick shows<br /> +Chopwell wood<br /> +Cottages, labourers', by Mr. Elton<br /> +Draining match<br /> +Forests, royal<br /> +Grasses for lawns<br /> +Hampstead Heath (with engraving) +</td><td class="spacsingle" valign="top"> +Horticultural Society's shows<br /> +Irrigation, Italian, by Captain Smith<br /> +Labourers' cottages, by Mr. Elton<br /> +Lawn grasses<br /> +Lime water, a steep for timber<br /> +Oaks, Mexican acorns<br /> +Peach trees, young, by Mr. Burnet<br /> +Peas, early<br /> +Pelargonium leaves, a cure for wounds<br /> +Pelargonium, scarlet<br /> +Potatoes, autumn planted<br /> +—— to cure diseased, by Mr. Baudoin<br /> +Poultry literature<br /> +Rhubarb wine<br /> +Right of claiming bees<br /> +Rose fete, Mr Bohn's<br /> +Societies, proceedings of the Entomological,<br /> Caledonian Horticultural, Botanical<br /> of Edinburgh, Agricultural of England<br /> +Timber, to season<br /> +Waggons and carts<br /> +Walpers, Dr.<br /> +Wine, rhubarb<br /> +Wounds, cure for +</td></tr></table><p></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool, and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week.</i></p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Willington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This day, Seventh Edition, revised, 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p> + + <p>LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORDS APOSTLES, 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LECTURES ON THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD AND EVIL ANGELS. + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,<br /> +West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i> (by Post for 18 stamps),</p> + + <p>A COLLECTION of CURIOUS, INTERESTING, and FACETIOUS EPITAPHS, &c. + By JOSEPH SIMPSON, Librarian of the Islington Literary and Scientific + Society.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, price 6<i>d.</i> (by Post for 8 stamps), to be +continued Yearly,</p> + + <p>A WEATHER JOURNAL for 1852: containing Readings of Thermometer, Wind, + and Weather daily, in the North of London.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Published and Sold by JOSEPH SIMPSON, +1. College Place, Highbury Vale; and Literary +Institution, Wellington Street, Islington.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ARNOLD'S (REV. T. K.) THIRD AND +FOURTH GREEK BOOKS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready,</p> + +<p class="cenhead">I.</p> + + <p>THE THIRD GREEK BOOK, containing a Selection from XENEPHON'S + CYROPĘDIA, with Explanatory Notes, Syntax, and a Glossarial Index. By the + late REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and formerly + Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>THE FOURTH GREEK BOOK: or the Last Four Books of XENOPHON'S ANABASIS, + containing the HISTORY of the RETREAT of the TEN THOUSAND GREEKS: with + Explanatory Notes, and Grammatical References. By the SAME EDITOR. Price + 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and +Waterloo Place;</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Of whom may be had, by the Same Author,</p> + + <p>1. THE FIRST GREEK BOOK, on the Plan of Henry's "First Latin Book." + Second Edition. 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>2. THE SECOND GREEK BOOK, on the Same Plan. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>PAROCHIAL FRAGMENTS relating to the PARISH of WEST TARRING, and the + CHAPELRIES of HEENE and DURRINGTON, in the County of SUSSEX; including a + Life of THOMAS ą BECKET. and some Account of the learned JOHN SELDEN. + (Published in Aid of the Restoration of the Church of West Tarring.) By + JOHN WOOD WARTER, B.D., Vicar of West Tarring.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and +Waterloo Place.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BURKE'S (Right Hon. Edmund) WORKS and CORRESPONDENCE. The NEW EDITION + (containing the whole of the Contents of the former Edition published in + 20 Volumes, 8vo., at the price of 9<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>) is now + completed, handsomely printed in 8 vols, 8vo., with Portrait and + Fac-simile, price 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church +Yard, and Waterloo Place.</p> + + <p>*** The Reflections on the French Revolution may be had separately, + price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in cloth boards.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p> + + <p>NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing + Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, + and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all + Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. + Price 4<i>d.</i> or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p> + + <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the + careful perusal of our invalid readers."—<i>John Bull Newspaper, + June 5, 1852.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, price 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE MANUSCRIPT EMENDATIONS OF THE TEXT OF + SHAKSPEARE. By J. O. HALLIWELL, Esq., F.R.S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, +London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, July 16, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 194, July +16, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 28476-h.htm or 28476-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/4/7/28476/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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