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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28474]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{1}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 192.]
+SATURDAY, JULY 2. 1853..
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                              Page
+  Oblation of a white Bull                                 1
+  Newstead Abbey, by W. S. Hasleden                        2
+  On a celebrated Passage in "Romeo and Juliet,"
+  Act III. Sc. 2., by S. W. Singer                         3
+  On the Passage from "King Lear"                          4
+  Manners of the Irish, by H. T. Ellacombe, &c.            4
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Burial in an Erect Posture--The
+  Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout, 1571--The
+  last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in
+  Canada--National Methods of applauding--Curious
+  Posthumous Occurrence                                    5
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Did Captain Cook first discover the Sandwich Islands?
+  by J. S. Warden                                          6
+  Superstition of the Cornish Miners                       7
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Clerical Duel--Pistol--Council
+  of Laodicea, Canon 35.--Pennycomequick, adjoining
+  Plymouth--Park the Antiquary--Honorary D.C.L.'s--
+  Battle of Villers en Couché--Dr. Misaubin--Kemble,
+  Willet, and Forbes--Piccalyly--Post-Office about
+  1770--"Carefully examined and well-authenticated"--
+  Sir Heister Ryley--Effigies with folded Hands            7
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Passage in
+  Bishop Horsley--"Marry come up!"--Dover Court--
+  Porter--Dr. Whitaker's ingenious Earl--Dissimulate       9
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Bishop Ken, by the Rev. J. H. Markland                  10
+  Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by James Graves              11
+  Coleridge's Christabel, by J. S. Warden                 11
+  Its                                                     12
+  Family of Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                  12
+  Books of Emblems--Jacob Behmen, by C. Mansfield
+  Ingleby                                                 13
+  Raffaelle's Sposalizio                                  14
+  Windfall                                                14
+  Mr. Justice Newton, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe and
+  F. Kyffin Lenthall                                      15
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Lyte's
+  Treatment of Positives--Stereoscopic Angles--Query
+  respecting Mr. Pollock's Process--Gallo-nitrate of
+  Silver                                                  15
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Verney Note
+  decyphered--Emblems by John Bunyan--Mr. Cobb's
+  Diary--"Sat cito si sat bene"--Mythe versus Myth--The
+  Gilbert Family--Alexander Clark--Christ's Cross--The
+  Rebellious Prayer--"To the Lords of Convention"--
+  Wooden Tombs and Effigies--Lord Clarendon and the
+  Tubwoman--House-marks--"Amentium haud amantium"--
+  The Megatherium in the British Museum--Pictorial
+  Proverbs--"Hurrah," and other War-cries                 17
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                     20
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            21
+  Notices to Correspondents                               21
+  Advertisements                                          21
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+OBLATION OF A WHITE BULL.
+
+By lease dated 28th April, 1533, the Abbat of St. Edmund's Bury demised to
+John Wright, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of Bury, the manor of
+Haberdon appurtenant to the office of Sacrist in that monastery, with four
+acres in the Vynefeld, for twenty years, at the rent of 5l. 4s. to the
+Sacrist; the tenants also to find a white bull every year of their term, as
+often as it should happen that any gentlewoman, or any other woman, should,
+out of devotion, visit the shrine of the glorious king and martyr of St.
+Edmund, and wish to make the oblation of a white bull. (Dodsw. Coll. in
+_Bibl. Bodl._, vol. lxxi. f. 72.)
+
+If we are to understand a white bull of the ancient race of wild white
+cattle, it may be inferred, I suppose, that in some forest in the vicinity
+of Bury St. Edmund's they had not disappeared in the first half of the
+sixteenth century. The wild cattle, probably indigenous to the great
+Caledonian forest, seem to have become extinct in a wild state before the
+time of Leland, excepting where preserved in certain ancient parks, as
+Chillingham Park, Northumberland, Gisburne Park in Craven, &c., where they
+were, and in the former at all events still are, maintained in their
+original purity of breed. They were preserved on the lands of some abbeys;
+for instance, by the Abbats of Whalley, Lancashire.
+
+Whitaker (_History of Craven_, p. 34.) mentions Gisburne Park as chiefly
+remarkable for a herd of wild cattle, descendants of that indigenous race
+which once roamed in the great forests of Lancashire, and they are said by
+some other writer to have been originally brought to Gisburne from Whalley
+after the dissolution. One of the descendants of Robert de Brus, the
+founder of Gainsborough Priory, is stated by Matthew Paris to have
+conciliated King John with a present of white cattle. The woods of
+Chillingham Castle are celebrated at this day for the breed of this
+remarkable race, by which they are inhabited; and I believe there are three
+or four other places in which they are preserved.
+
+In the form and direction of the horns, these famous wild white oxen seem
+to be living {2} representatives of the race whose bones are found in a
+fossil state in England and some parts of the Continent in the "diluvium"
+bone-caves, mixed with the bones of bears, hyenas, and other wild animals,
+now the cotemporaries of the Bos Gour, or Asiatic Ox, upon mountainous
+slopes of Western India. I have read that white cattle resembling the wild
+cattle of Chillingham exist in Italy, and that it has been doubted whether
+our British wild cattle are descendants of an aboriginal race, or were
+imported by ecclesiastics from Italy. But this seems unlikely, because they
+were not so easily brought over as the Pope's _bulls_ (the pun is quite
+unavoidable), and were undoubtedly inhabitants of our ancient forests at a
+very early period.
+
+However, my present object is only to inquire for any other instances of
+the custom of offering a white bull in honour of a Christian saint. Perhaps
+some of your correspondents would elucidate this singular oblation.
+
+I am not able to refer to Col. Hamilton Smith's work on the mythology and
+ancient history of the ox, which may possibly notice this kind of offering.
+
+W. S. G.
+
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NEWSTEAD ABBEY.
+
+The descent of property, like the family pedigree, occasionally exhibits
+the most extraordinary disruptions; and to those who may be ignorant of the
+cause, the effect may appear as romance. I have been particularly struck
+with the two interesting papers contained in the April number of the
+_Archæological Journal_, having reference to the Newstead Abbey estate,
+formerly the property of Lord Byron's family, which, amongst other matters,
+contain some severe remarks on the conduct of one of its proprietors, the
+great uncle and predecessor of our great poet, and having reference to
+dilapidation. Mr. Pettigrew, in his paper, states that--
+
+    "Family differences, particularly during the time of the fifth Lord
+    Byron, _of eccentric and unsocial manners_, suffered and even aided the
+    dilapidations of time. The castellated stables and offices are,
+    however, yet to be seen."
+
+And Mr. Ashpitel adds that--
+
+    "The state of Newstead at the time the poet succeeded to the estate is
+    not generally known: '_the wicked lord_' had felled all the noble oaks,
+    destroyed the finest herds of deer, and, in short, had denuded the
+    estate of everything he could. The hirelings of the attorney did the
+    rest: they stripped away all the furniture, and everything the law
+    would permit them to remove. The buildings on the east side were
+    unroofed; the old Xenodochium, and the grand refectory, were full of
+    hay; and the entrance-hall and monks' parlour were stable for cattle.
+    In the only habitable part of the building, a place then used as a sort
+    of scullery, under the only roof that kept out wet of all this vast
+    pile, the fifth Lord Byron breathed his last; and to this inheritance
+    the poet succeeded."
+
+It is not necessary for me to refer to the lofty expression of the poet's
+feelings on such his inheritance, nor to the necessity of his parting from
+the estate, which appears now to be happily restored to its former
+splendour; but possessing some knowledge of a lamentable fact, that neither
+Mr. Pettigrew nor Mr. Ashpitel appears to be aware of, I feel inclined to
+soften the asperity of the reflections quoted; and palliate, although I may
+not justify, the apparently reckless proceedings of the eccentric fifth
+Lord, as he is called. In the years 1796 and 1797, after finishing my
+clerkship, I had a seat in the chambers of the late Jas. Hanson, Esq., an
+eminent conveyancer of Lincoln's Inn; and while with him, amongst other
+peers of the realm who came to consult Mr. Hanson regarding their property,
+we had this _eccentric_ fifth Lord Byron, who apparently came up to town
+for the purpose, and under the most painful and pitiable load of
+distress,--and I must confess that I felt for him exceedingly; but his case
+was past remedy, and, after some daily attendance, pouring forth his
+lamentations, he appears to have returned home to subside into the reckless
+operations reported of him. His case was this:--Upon the marriage of his
+son, he, as any other father would do, granted a settlement of his
+property, including the Newstead Abbey estate; but by some unaccountable
+inadvertence or negligence of the lawyers employed, the ultimate reversion
+of the fee-simple of the property, instead of being left, as it ought to
+have been, in the father as the owner of the estates, was limited to the
+heirs of the son. And upon his death, and failure of the issue of the
+marriage, the unfortunate father, _this eccentric lord_, found himself
+robbed of the fee-simple of his own inheritance, and left merely the naked
+tenant for life, without any legal power of raising money upon it, or even
+of cutting down a tree. It is so many years ago, that I now do not remember
+the detail of what passed on these consultations, but it would appear, that
+if the lawyers were aware of the effect of the final limitation, neither
+father nor son appear to have been informed of it, or the result might have
+been corrected, and his lordship would probably have kept up the estate in
+its proper order. Whether this case was at all a promoting cause of the
+alteration of the law, I do not know; but, as the law now stands, the
+estate would revert back to the father as heir of this son. This case made
+a lasting impression on me, and I once had to correct a similar erroneous
+proposition in a large intended settlement; and I quoted this unfortunate
+accident as an authority. Now, although this relation may not fully justify
+the reckless waste that appears to have been committed, it certainly is a
+palliative. I do not recollect whether {3} our fifth lord had any surviving
+daughter to provide for; but if he had, his situation would be a still more
+aggravated position.
+
+W. S. HASLEDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON A CELEBRATED PASSAGE IN "ROMEO AND JULIET," ACT III. SC. 2.
+
+Few passages in Shakspeare have so often and so ineffectually been
+"winnowed" as the opening of the beautiful and passionate soliloquy of
+Juliet, when ardently and impatiently invoking night's return, which was to
+bring her newly betrothed lover to her arms. It stands thus in the first
+folio, from which the best quarto differs only in a few unimportant points
+of orthography:
+
+ "Gallop apace, you fiery footed steedes,
+  Towards Phoebus' lodging, such a wagoner
+  As Phaeton should whip you to the wish,
+  And bring in cloudie night immediately.
+  Spred thy close curtaine, Loue-performing night,
+  That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo
+  Leape to these armes, untalkt of and unseene", &c.
+
+The older commentators do not attempt to change the word _run-awayes_, but
+seek to explain it. Warburton says Phoebus is the runaway. Steevens has a
+long argument to prove that Night is the runaway. Douce thought Juliet
+herself was the runaway; and at a later period the Rev. Mr. Halpin, in a
+very elegant and ingenious essay, attempts to prove that by the runaway we
+must understand Cupid.
+
+MR. KNIGHT and MR. COLLIER have both of them adopted Jackson's conjecture
+of _unawares_, and have admitted it to the honour of a place in the text,
+but MR. DYCE has pronounced it to be "villainous;" and it must be confessed
+that it has nothing but a slight similarity to the old word to recommend
+it. MR. DYCE himself has favoured us with three suggestions; the first two
+in his _Remarks on Collier and Knight's Shakspeare_, in 1844, where he
+says--
+
+    "That _ways_ (the last syllable of _run-aways_) ought to be _days_, I
+    feel next to certain; but what word originally preceded it I do not
+    pretend to determine:
+
+     'Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night!
+      That rude/soon (?) Day's eyes may wink, and Romeo
+      Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen,' &c."
+
+The correctors of MR. COLLIER's folio having substituted--
+
+ "That _enemies_ eyes may wink,"
+
+MR. DYCE, in his recent _Few Notes_, properly rejects that reading, and
+submits another conjecture of his own, founded on the supposition that the
+word _roving_ having been written illegibly, _roavinge_ was mistaken for
+_run-awayes_, and proposes to read--
+
+ "That _roving_ eyes may wink."
+
+Every suggestion of MR. DYCE, certainly the most competent of living
+commentators on Shakspeare, merits attention; but I cannot say that I think
+he has succeeded in either of his proposed readings.
+
+Monck Mason seems to have had the clearest notion of the requirements of
+the passage. He saw that "the word, whatever the meaning of it might be,
+was intended as a proper name;" but he was not happy in suggesting
+_renomy_, a French word with an English termination.
+
+In the course of his note he mentions that Heath, "the author of the
+_Revisal_, reads '_Rumour's_ eyes may wink;' which agrees in sense with the
+rest of the passage, but differs widely from _run-aways_ in the trace of
+the letters."
+
+I was not conscious of having seen this suggestion of Heath's, when, in
+consequence of a question put to me by a gentleman of distinguished taste
+and learning, I turned my thoughts to the passage, and at length came to
+the conclusion that the word must have been _rumourers_, and that from its
+unfrequent occurrence (the only other example of it at present known to me
+being one afforded by the poet) the printer mistook it for _runawayes_;
+which, when written indistinctly, it may have strongly resembled. I
+therefore think that we may read with some confidence:
+
+ "Spread thy close curtains, love-performing Night,
+  That _rumourers'_ eyes may wink, and Romeo
+  Leap to these arms, _untalk'd of_ and _unseen_."
+
+It fulfils the requirements of both metre and sense, and the words
+_untalk'd of_ and _unseen_ make it nearly indisputable. I had at first
+thought it might be "_rumorous_ eyes;" but the personification would then
+be wanting. Shakspeare has personified _Rumour_ in the Introduction to the
+Second Part of _King Henry IV._; and in _Coriolanus_, Act IV. Sc. 6., we
+have--
+
+ "Go see this _rumourer_ whipp'd."
+
+I am gratified by seeing that I have anticipated your able correspondent,
+the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH, in his elucidation of "_clamour_ your tongues," by
+citing the same passage from Udall's _Apophthegmes_, in my _Vindication of
+the Text of Shakspeare_, p. 79. It is a pleasure which must console me for
+having subjected myself to his just animadversion on another occasion. If
+those who so egregiously blunder are to be spared the castigation justly
+merited, we see by late occurrences to what it may lead; and your
+correspondent, in my judgment, is conferring a favour on all true lovers of
+our great poet by exposing pretension and error, from whatever quarter it
+may come,--a duty which has been sadly neglected in some late partial
+reviews of MR. COLLIER's "clever" corrector. MR. ARROWSMITH's
+communications have been so truly _ad rem_, that I think I shall be
+expressing the sentiments of all your readers interested in such {4}
+matters, in expressing an earnest desire for their continuance.
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON THE PASSAGE FROM "KING LEAR."
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 592.)
+
+Will you allow me to suggest to your ingenious Leeds correspondent (whose
+communications would be read with only the more pleasure if they evinced a
+little more respect for the opinions of others) that before he asserts the
+existence of a certain error which he points out in a passage in _King
+Lear_ to be "undeniable," it would be desirable that he should support this
+improved reading by other passages from Shakspeare, or from cotemporary
+writers, in which the word he proposes occurs? For my own part, I think
+A. E. B.'s suggestion well worthy of consideration, but I cannot admit that
+it "demonstrates itself," or "that any attempt to support it by argument
+would be absurd," for it would unquestionably strengthen his case to show
+that the verb "recuse" was not entirely obsolete in Shakspeare's time.
+Neither can I admit that there is an "obvious opposition between _means_
+and _defects_," the two words having no relation to each other. The
+question is, which of two words must be altered; and at present I must own
+I am inclined to put more faith in the authority of "the old corrector"
+than in A. E. B.
+
+Having taken up my pen on this subject, allow me to remark upon the manner
+in which MR. COLLIER's folio is referred to by your correspondent. I have
+carefully considered many of the emendations proposed, and feel in my own
+mind satisfied that _so great a number_ that, in the words of your
+correspondent, _demonstrate themselves_, could not have been otherwise than
+adopted from some authority. Even in the instance of the passage from Henry
+V., "on a table of green friese," which A. E. B. selects, I presume, as
+being especially absurd, I think "the old corrector" right; although I had
+frequently cited Theobald's correction as particularly happy, and therefore
+the new version was at first to me very distasteful. But, whatever opinion
+may be held as to the value of the book, it is surely unbecoming to the
+discussion of a literary question to indulge in the unsparing insinuations
+that have been thrown out on all sides respecting it. I leave out of
+question the circumstance, that the long and great services of MR. COLLIER
+ought to protect him at least from such unworthy treatment.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+P.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. KEIGHTLEY's letter. I hope
+he will not deprive the readers of "N. & Q." of the benefit of his valuable
+communications for the offences of one or two. He might consider, first,
+that his own dignity would suffer least by letting them pass by him "as the
+idle wind;" and, secondly, that some allowance should be made for gentlemen
+who engage in controversy on a subject which, strangely enough, next to
+religion, seems to be most productive of discord.
+
+S. H.
+
+ "I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;
+  I stumbled when I saw. Full oft 'tis seen
+  Our means _secure_ us; and our mere defects
+  Prove our commodities."
+
+Does not Shakspeare here use _secure_ as a verb, in the sense "to make
+careless?" If so, the passage would mean, "Our means," that is, our power,
+our strength, make us wanting in care and vigilance, and too
+self-confident. Gloucester says, "I stumbled when I saw;" meaning, When I
+had eyes I walked carelessly; when I had the "means" of seeing and avoiding
+stumbling-blocks, I stumbled and fell, because I walked without care and
+watchfulness. Then he adds, "And our mere defects prove our commodities."
+Our deficiencies, our weaknesses (the sense of them), make us use such care
+and exertions as to prove advantages to us. Thus the antithesis is
+preserved.
+
+How scriptural is the first part of the passage!
+
+    "Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall."--1 Cor. x.
+    12.
+
+    "He hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down; there
+    shall no harm happen unto me."--Ps. x. 6.
+
+The second part is also scriptural:
+
+    "My strength is made perfect in weakness."--2 Cor. xii. 9.
+
+    "When I am weak then am I strong."--2 Cor. xii. 10.
+
+In _Timon of Athens_ we find _secure_ used as verb "_Secure_ thy
+heart."--Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+Again, in _Othello_:
+
+    "I do not so _secure_ me in the error."--Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+In Du Cange's _Gloss._ is the verb "_Securare_ nudè pro securum reddere."
+In the "Alter Index sive Glossarium" of Ainsworth's _Dictionary_ is the
+verb "_Securo_, as ... to live carelessly." In the "Verba partim Græca
+Latinè scripta, partim barbara," &c., is "_Securo_, as securum reddo."
+
+The _means_ of the hare in the fable for the race (that is, her swiftness)
+_secured_ her; the defects of the tortoise (her slowness) proved her
+_commodity_.
+
+F. W. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MANNERS OF THE IRISH.
+
+The following are extracts from a MS. volume of the sixteenth century,
+containing, _inter alia_, notes of the Manners and Superstitions of the {5}
+Celtic Irish. Some of our readers may be able to elucidate the obscure
+references:
+
+ "The Irish men they have a farme,
+  They kepp the bread,
+    And make _boyranne_.
+  They make butter and eatt _molchan_.
+  And when they haue donne
+    They have noe shamm.
+  They burne the strawe and make _loisbran_.
+  They eatt the flesh and drinke the broth,
+  And when they have done they say
+  _Deo gracias is smar in Doieagh_."
+
+The next appears to be a scrap of a woman's song:
+
+ "Birch and keyre 'tis wal veyre a spyunyng deye a towme.
+  I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme.
+  Justice Deyruse in my lopp, and senscal in my roame," &c.
+
+John Devereux was Justiciary of the Palatinate Liberty of Wexford in the
+early part of Henry VIII.'s reign. That Palatinate was then governed by a
+seneschal or "senscal." The justice would seem to have been a gallant and
+_sensual_ man, and the song may have been a little satirical. Among the
+notes of the "Manners" of the Irish, it is declared that--
+
+    "Sett them a farme--the grandfather, father, son, and they clayme it as
+    their own: if not, they goe to rebellion."
+
+Will any antiquary versed in Celtic customs explain whether this claim of
+possession grew out of any Celtic usage of tenancy? And also point out
+authorities bearing upon the customs of Celtic agricultural tenancy?
+
+The next extract bears upon the communication at Vol. vii., p. 332.:
+
+    "An _Ultagh_ hath three purses. He runneth behind dore to draw his
+    money: one cutteth the throte of another."
+
+Now, was an _Ultagh_ an Irish usurer or money-lender? Your correspondent at
+page 332. requests information respecting Roger Outlaw. Sir William Betham,
+in a note to the "Proceedings against Dame Alice Ugteler," the famous
+pseudo-Kilkenny witch, remarks that "the family of Utlagh were seated in
+Dublin, and filled several situations in the corporation." Utlagh and
+Outlaw are the same surnames. The named Utlagh also occurs in the Calendar
+of Printed Irish Patent Rolls. William Utlagh, or Outlaw, was a _banker_
+and _money-lender_ in Kilkenny, in the days of Edward I. He was the first
+husband of the witch, and brother of Friar Roger Outlaw. In favour of the
+latter, who was Prior of Kilmainham, near Dublin, a mandamus, dated 10 Edw.
+II., was issued for arrears due to him since he was "justice and
+chancellor, and even lieutenant of the justiciary, as well in the late
+king's time as of the present king's." He was appointed Lord Justice, or
+deputy to the Lord Lieutenant, by patent dated Mar. 15, 9 Edw. III.
+
+Many of the Irish records having been lost, your correspondent will do an
+obliging service in pointing out the repository of the discovered roll.
+Perhaps steps might be taken for its restoration.
+
+H.
+
+    [The following communication from our valued correspondent, the REV.
+    H. T. ELLACOMBE, affords at once a satisfactory reply to H's Query, and
+    a proof of the utility of "N. & Q."]
+
+_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 559.).--Thanks to ANON. and others for their
+information.
+
+As for "in viiij mense," I cannot understand it: I copied it as it was sent
+to me. B. Etii was an error of the press for R. Etii, but I purposely
+avoided noticing it, because my very first communication on the subject to
+"N. & Q.," under my own name and address, opened a very pleasing
+correspondence, which has since led to the restoration of these Irish
+documents to their congeners among the public records in Dublin; a
+gentleman having set out most chivalrously from that city at his own cost
+to recover them, and I am happy to say he has succeeded; and in the
+_English Quarterly Magazine_ there will soon appear, I believe, an account
+of the documents in question. It would not, therefore, become me to give in
+this place the explanation which has been kindly communicated to me as to
+the meaning of the last conquest of Ireland; but I have no doubt it will be
+explained in the _English Quarterly_.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Burial in an erect Posture._--In the north transept of Stanton Harcourt
+Church, Oxon, the burial-place of the Harcourt family, is a circular slab
+of blue marble in the pavement, in which is inlaid a shield of brass
+bearing the arms of Harcourt,--two bars, dimidiated with those of Beke; the
+latter, when entire, forming a cros ancrée. The brass is not engraved, but
+forms the outline of the shield and arms. It is supposed to be the monument
+of Sir John, son of Sir Richard Harcourt and Margaret Beke, who died 1330.
+(See extracts from Lord Harcourt's "Account," in the _Oxford Architectural
+Guide_, p. 178.) Tradition relates, if my memory does not mislead me, that
+the knight was buried beneath this stone in an erect posture, but assigns
+no reason for this peculiarity. Is the probability of this being the case
+supported by any, and what instances? Or does the legend merely owe its
+existence to the circular form of the stone? {6} I think that its diameter
+is about two feet. If MR. FRASER has not met with the information already,
+he may be interested, with reference to his Query on "Dimidiation" (Vol.
+vii., p. 548.), in learning that the above mentioned Margaret was daughter
+and coheiress of John Lord Beke of Eresby, who by his will, made the 29th
+of Edw. I., devised the remainder of his arms to be divided between Sir
+Robert de Willoughby and Sir John de Harcourt. And this may lead to the
+farther Query, whether dimidiation was originally or universally resorted
+to in the case of coheiresses?
+
+CHEVERELLS.
+
+_The Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout_, 1571.--Extracted from a
+letter from Thomas Lancaster, Archbishop of Armagh, to Lord Burghley, dated
+from Dublin, March 25, 1571:--
+
+    "I am sorofull for that yo^r honor is greved w^{th} the goute, from the
+    w^{ch} I beseche Almighty God deliver you, and send you health; and yf
+    (it) shall please y^r honor to prove a medicen for the same w^{ch} I
+    brought owt of Duchland, and have eased many w^{th} it, I trust in God
+    it shall also do you good, and this it is. Take ij spaniel whelpes of
+    ij dayes olde, scald them, and cause the entrells betaken out, but wash
+    them not. Take 4 ounces brymstone, 4 ounces torpentyn, 1 ounce
+    parmacete, a handfull nettells, and a quantyte of oyle of balme, and
+    putt all the aforesayd in them stamped, and sowe them up and rost them,
+    and take the dropes and anoynt you wheare your grefe is, and by God's
+    grace yo^r honor shall fynd helpe."--_From the Original in the State
+    Paper Office._
+
+SPES.
+
+_The last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in Canada._--In a recent
+number of the _Montreal Herald_, mention is made of more than twenty
+persons whose ages exceed one hundred years. The editor remarks that--
+
+    "The most venerable patriarch now in Canada is Abraham Miller, who
+    resides in the township of Grey, and is 115 years old. In 1758 he
+    scaled the cliffs of Quebec with General Wolfe, so that his residence
+    in Canada is coincident with British rule in the province. He is
+    attached to the Indians, and lives in all respects like them."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_National Methods of Applauding._--Clapping with the hands is going out of
+use in the United States, and stamping with the feet is taking its place.
+When Mr. Combe was lecturing on phrenology at the Museum building in
+Philadelphia twelve or thirteen years ago, he and his auditors were much
+annoyed by the _pedal_ applause of a company in the room above, who were
+listening to the concerts of a negro band. Complaint was made to the
+authorities of the Museum Society; but the answer was, that nothing could
+be done, as stamping of the feet was "the national method of applauding."
+
+The crying of "hear him! hear him!" during the delivery of a speech, is not
+in use in the United States, as an English gentleman discovered who settled
+here a few years ago. He attended a meeting of the members of the church to
+which he had attached himself, and hearing something said that pleased him,
+he cried out "hear him! hear him!" Upon which the sexton came over to him,
+and told him that, unless he kept himself quiet, he would be under the
+necessity of turning him out of church.
+
+M. E.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Curious Posthumous Occurrence._--If the following be true, though in ever
+so limited a manner, it deserves investigation. Notwithstanding his
+twenty-three years' experience, the worthy grave-digger must have been
+mistaken, unless there is something peculiar in the bodies of Bath people!
+But if the face turns down in any instance, as asserted, it would be right
+to ascertain the cause, and why this change is not general. It is now above
+twenty years since the paragraph appeared in the London papers:--
+
+    "A correspondent in the _Bath Herald_ states the following singular
+    circumstance:--'Having occasion last week to inspect a grave in one of
+    the parishes of this city, in which two or three members of a family
+    had been buried some years since, and which lay in very wet ground, I
+    observed that the upper part of the coffin was rotted away, and had
+    left the head and bones of the skull exposed to view. On inquiring of
+    the grave-digger how it came to pass that I did not observe the usual
+    sockets of the eyes in the skull, he replied that what I saw was the
+    hind part of the head (termed the _occiput_, I believe, by anatomists),
+    and that the face was turned, as usual, to the earth!!--Not exactly
+    understanding his phrase 'as usual,' I inquired if the body had been
+    buried with the face upwards, as in the ordinary way; to which he
+    replied to my astonishment, in the affirmative, adding, that in the
+    course of decomposition the face of every individual turns to the
+    earth!! and that, in the experience of three-and-twenty years in his
+    situation, he had never known more than one instance to the contrary.'"
+
+A. B. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+DID CAPTAIN COOK FIRST DISCOVER THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?
+
+In a French atlas, dated 1762, in my possession, amongst the numerous
+non-existing islands laid down in the map of the Pacific, and the still
+more numerous cases of omission inevitable at so early a period of
+Polynesian discovery, there is inserted an island styled "I. St. François,"
+or "I. S. Francisco," which lies in {7} about 20° N. and 224° E. from the
+meridian of Ferro, and, of course, almost exactly in the situation of
+Owhyhee. That this large and lofty group may have been seen by some other
+voyager long before, is far from improbable; but, beyond a question, Cooke
+was the first to visit, describe, and lay them down correctly in our maps.
+Professor Meyen, however, as quoted in Johnston's _Physical Atlas_,
+mentions these islands in terms which would almost lead one to suppose that
+he, the Professor, considered them to have been known to the Spaniards in
+Anson's time or earlier, and that they had been regular calling places for
+the galleons in those days! It is difficult to conceive such a man capable
+of such a mistake; but if he did not suppose them to have been discovered
+before Cook's voyage in 1778, his words are singularly calculated to
+deceive the reader on that point.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUPERSTITION OF THE CORNISH MINERS.
+
+MR. KINGSLEY records a superstition of the Cornish miners, which I have not
+seen noted elsewhere. In reply to the question, "What are the _Knockers_?"
+Tregarva answers:
+
+    "They are _the ghosts_, the miners hold, _of the Old Jews that
+    crucified our Lord, and were sent for slaves by the Roman emperors to
+    work the mines_: and we find their old smelting-houses, which we call
+    _Jews' houses_, and their blocks of the bottom of the great bogs, which
+    we call _Jews' tin_: and then, a town among us, too, which we call
+    _Market Jew_, but the old name was _Marazion_, that means the
+    Bitterness of Zion, they tell me; and bitter work it was for them no
+    doubt, poor souls! We used to break into the old shafts and adits which
+    they had made, and find old stags-horn pickaxes, that crumbled to
+    pieces when we brought them to grass. And they say that if a man will
+    listen of a still night about those old shafts, he may hear the ghosts
+    of them at working, knocking, and picking, as clear as if there was a
+    man at work in the next level."--_Yeast; a Problem_: Lond. 1851, p.
+    255.
+
+Miners, as a class, are peculiarly susceptible of impressions of the unseen
+world, and the superstitions entertained by them in different parts of the
+world would form a curious volume. Is there any work on Cornish folk lore
+which alludes to this superstition respecting the Jews? It would be
+useless, I dare say, to consult Carew, or Borlase; besides, I have not them
+by me.
+
+Apropos to Cornish matters, a dictionary with a very tempting title was
+advertised for publication two or three years ago:
+
+    "Geslevar Cernewac, a Dictionary of the Cornish Dialect of the Cymraeg
+    or ancient British Language, in which the words are elucidated by
+    numerous examples from the Cornish works now remaining, with
+    translations in English: and the synonyms in Welsh, Armoric, Irish,
+    Gaelic, and Manx, so as to form a Celtic Lexicon. By the Rev. Robert
+    Williams, M.A., Oxon., to be published in one vol. 4to. price 31s. 6d."
+
+When shall we see this desirable lexicon? I was reminded of it the other
+day by hearing of the subscriptions on foot for the publication of the
+great Irish dictionary, which the eminent Irish scholars Messrs. O'Donovan
+and Curry have had in hand for many years.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Clerical Duel._--I shall be obliged to any correspondent who will supply
+the name of the courtier referred to in the following anecdote, which is to
+be found in Burckhardt's _Kirchen-Geschichte der Deutschen Gemeinden in
+London_, Tub. 1798, p. 77.
+
+Anton Wilhelm Böhme, who came over as chaplain with Prince George of
+Denmark, officiated at the German Chapel, St. James's, from the year 1705
+to 1722. He was a favourite of Queen Anne, and a friend of Isaac Watts. On
+one occasion he preached against adultery in a way which gave great offence
+to one of the courtiers present, who conceived that a personal attack on
+himself was intended. He accordingly sent a challenge to the preacher,
+which was without hesitation accepted; and at the time and place appointed
+the chaplain made his appearance in full canonicals, with his Bible in his
+hand, and gave the challenger a lecture which led to their reconciliation
+and friendship.
+
+I should like also to know whether there is any other authority for the
+story than that which I leave quoted.
+
+S. R. MAITLAND.
+
+Gloucester
+
+_Pistol._--What is the date of the original introduction of this word into
+our vocabulary in either of the senses in which it is equivocally used by
+Falstaff in 1 _Henry IV._, Act. V. Sc. 3.? In the sense of fire-arms,
+pistols seem to have been unknown by that name as late as the year 1541;
+for the stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 6., after reciting the murders, &c.
+committed "with cross-bows, little short hand-guns, and little hagbuts,"
+prohibits the possession of "any hand-gun other than such as shall be in
+the stock and gun of the length of one whole yard, or any hagbut or
+demihake other than such as shall be in the stock and gun of the length of
+three quarters of one yard." But throughout the act there is no mention of
+the word "pistol."
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Council of Laodicca, Canon 35._--Can any of your readers inform me
+whether, in any early work on the Councils, the word _angelos_ is in the
+text, without having _angulos_ in the margin? If so, oblige me by stating
+the editions.
+
+CLERICUS (D).
+
+{8}
+
+_Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth._--The Bath and West of England
+Agricultural Society held their recent annual meeting here. Will any of
+your correspondents oblige me with the derivation of this remarkable word?
+
+R. H. B.
+
+_Park the Antiquary._--In a note to the third volume (p. lxxiii.) of the
+_Grenville Correspondence_ the following passage: "Barker has printed a
+second note, which Junius is supposed to have written to Garrick, upon the
+authority of Park the antiquary, _who states_ that he found it in a
+_cotemporary newspaper_," &c. This is not strictly correct. Barker says (p.
+190.), "The letter was found in a copy of Junius belonging to [Query, which
+_had_ belonged to?] T. Park, &c. He had [Query, it is presumed?] cut it out
+of a newspaper; but unfortunately has omitted to furnish the date of the
+newspaper." [Query, How then known to be cotemporary?] The difference is
+important; but where is the copy containing this letter? By whom has it
+been seen? By whom and when first discovered? Where did Barker find the
+story recorded? When and where first printed?
+
+P. T. A.
+
+_Honorary D.C.L.'s._--It was mentioned in a report of proceedings at the
+late Installation, that the two _royal personages_ honoured with degrees,
+having been doctored by diploma, would be entitled to vote in
+Convocation,--a privilege not possessed by the common tribe of honorary
+D.C.L.'s.
+
+Can you inform me whether Dr. Johnson had, or ever exercised, the right
+referred to in virtue of his M.A. degree (conferred on the publication of
+the _Dictionary_), or of the higher academical dignity to which his name
+has given such a world-wide celebrity?
+
+CANTABRIGIENSIS.
+
+_Battle of Villers en Couché._--Some of your correspondents, better versed
+than myself in military matters, will doubtless render me assistance by
+replying to this Query. Where can I find a copious and accurate account of
+the battle, or perhaps I should rather say skirmish, of Villers en Couché?
+If I am rightly informed, it must be one of the most remarkable actions on
+record, when the comparative numbers of the troops engaged are taken into
+consideration. We have, as an heirloom in our family, a medal won by an
+officer on that occasion: it is suspended from a red and white ribbon, and
+is inscribed thus:
+
+   "FORTITUDINE
+  VILLERS EN COUCHÉ.
+      24th APRIL,
+        1794."
+
+I do not remember to have read any account of the battle; but, as I have
+heard from the lips of one who gained his information from the officer
+before alluded to, the particulars were these:--General Mansell, with a
+force consisting of two squadrons of the 15th Hussars, and one squadron of
+the German Legion, _two hundred and seventy-two_ in all, charged a body of
+the French army, _ten thousand_ strong. The French were formed in a hollow
+square: but five times, as I am informed, did our gallant troops charge
+into and out of the square, till the French, struck with a sudden panic,
+retreated with a loss of twelve hundred men. I am desirous of
+authenticating this almost incredible account, and shall be thankful for
+such information as may guide me to an authoritative record of the action
+in question.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
+
+_Dr. Misaubin._--Will any of your numerous correspondents give me any
+information, or refer me to any work where I can find it, respecting Dr.
+Misaubin, who appears to have practised in London during the first half of
+the last century? What was the peculiarity of his practice?
+
+GRIFFIN.
+
+_Kemble, Willet, and Forbes._--What are the two concluding lines of an
+epigram published ten or twelve years ago, beginning,--
+
+ "The case of Kemble, Willet, and Forbes,
+  Much of the Chancellor's time absorbs;
+  If I were the Chancellor I should tremble
+  At the mention of Willet, Forbes, and Kemble"?
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Piccalyly._--The ornament, somewhat between a hood, a scarf, and an
+armlet, worn hanging over the right shoulder of judges and serjeants at
+law, is called a _piccalyly_. What is the origin of this peculiarity of
+judicial costume, what are the earliest examples of it, and what its
+etymology?
+
+NO JUDGE.
+
+_Post-Office about 1770._--Mr. Smith, in the notes prefixed to the
+_Grenville Correspondence_, says several of Junius's letters appear to have
+been sent from the same post-office "as the post-mark is '_peny_ post
+payd,'"--a peculiarity of spelling not likely to occur often. Have any of
+your correspondents letters of that date with a like post-mark? and, if so,
+can they tell us _where_ posted?
+
+P. A. O.
+
+"_Carefully examined and well-authenticated._"--I agree with MR. CRAMP
+(Vol. vii., p. 569.) that "the undecided question of the authorship of
+Junius requires that every statement should be carefully examined, and (as
+far as possible) only well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence." I
+take leave, therefore, to remind him that my question (Vol. iii., p. 262.)
+remains unanswered; that I am anxious that he should authenticate his
+statement (p. 63.), and name some of the "many" {9} persons in whose
+libraries vellum-bound copies of Junius have been found.
+
+V. B.
+
+_Sir Heister Ryley._--Who was the author of the _Visions of Sir Heister
+Ryley_, and whence did it derive its name? It was published in 1710, and
+consists of papers periodically published on serious subjects. It was one
+of the many short-lived periodicals that sprung up in imitation of the
+_Tatler_, and appears to have died a natural death at the end of the
+so-called first volume.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+_Effigies with folded Hands._--On the south side of Llangathen Church,
+Carmarthenshire, is a huge monument (of the style well designated as
+bedstead) for Dr. Anthony Rudd, Bishop of St. David's, and Anne Dalton, his
+wife, 1616, with their recumbent effigies, and those of four sons kneeling
+at their head and feet. From all these figures the iconoclasts had smitten
+the hands upraised in prayer, and they have been replaced by plaister hands
+folded on the bosom. The effect is singular. Is there any other instance of
+such restoration?
+
+E. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Passage in Bishop Horsley._--In the Introduction to _Utrum Horum_, a
+rather curious work by Henry Care, being a comparison of the Thirty-nine
+Articles with the doctrines of Presbyterians on the one hand, and the
+tenets of the Church of Rome on the other, is an extract from Dr.
+Hakewill's _Answer_ (1616) _to Dr. Carier_, "an apostate to Popery." In it
+occurs the following passage: "And so, through Calvin's sides, you strike
+at the throat and heart of our religion." Will you allow me to ask if a
+similar expression is not used by Bishop Horsley in some one of his
+Charges?
+
+S. S. S.
+
+    [The following passage occurs in the bishop's Charge to the clergy of
+    St. Asaph in 1806, p. 26. "Take especial care, before you aim your
+    shafts at Calvinism, that you know what is Calvinism, and what is not:
+    that in that mass of doctrine, which it is of late become the fashion
+    to abuse under the name of Calvinism, you can distinguish with
+    certainty that part of it which is nothing better than Calvinism, and
+    that which belongs to our common Christianity, and the general faith of
+    the Reformed Churches; _lest, when you mean only to fall foul of
+    Calvinism, you should unwarily attack something more sacred and of
+    higher origin_."]
+
+"_Marry come up!_"--What is the origin of this expression, found in the old
+novelists? It perhaps originates in an adjuration of the Virgin Mary. If
+so, how did it gain its present form?
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [Halliwell explains it as an interjection equivalent to indeed! _Marry
+    on us, marry come up, Marry come out_, interjections given by Brockett.
+    _Marry and shall_, that I will! _Marry come up, my dirty cousin_, a
+    saying addressed to any one who affects excessive delicacy.]
+
+_Dover Court._--What is the origin of the expression of a "_Dover Court_,
+where all are talkers and none are hearers?" There is a place called by
+this name in the vicinity of Harwich?
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [There is a legend, that Dover-Court Church in Essex once possessed a
+    miraculous cross which spoke, thus noticed in the _Collier of Croydon_:
+
+     "And how the rood of _Dovercot_ did speak,
+      Confirming his opinions to be true."
+
+    So that it is possible, as Nares suggests, that this church was the
+    scene of confusion alluded to in the proverb: "Dover Court, all
+    speakers and no hearers." Fox, in his _Martyrology_, vol. ii. p. 302.,
+    states, that "a rumour was spread that no man could shut the door,
+    which therefore stood open night and day; and that the resort of people
+    to it was much and very great."]
+
+_Porter._--In what book is the word _porter_, meaning the malt liquor so
+called, first found? I have an impression that the earliest use of it that
+I have seen is in Nicholas Amherst's _Terræ Filius_, about 1726.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [We doubt whether an earlier use of this word, as descriptive of a malt
+    liquor, will be found than the one noticed by our correspondent; for it
+    was only about 1722 that Harwood, a London brewer, commenced brewing
+    this liquor, which he called "entire," or "entire butt," implying that
+    it was drawn from one cask or butt. It subsequently obtained the name
+    of _porter_, from its consumption by porters and labourers.]
+
+_Dr. Whitaker's Ingenious Earl._--
+
+    "To our equal surprise and vexation at times, we find the ancients
+    possessed of degrees of physical knowledge with which we were mostly or
+    entirely unacquainted ourselves. I need not appeal in proof of this to
+    that extraordinary operation of chemistry, by which Moses reduced the
+    golden calf to powder, and then give it mingled with water as a drink
+    to the Israelites; an operation the most difficult in all the processes
+    of chemistry, and concerning which it is a sufficient honour for the
+    moderns to say, that they have once or twice practised it. I need not
+    appeal to the mummies of Egypt, in which the art of embalming bodies is
+    so eminently displayed, that all attempts at imitation have only showed
+    the infinite superiority of the original to the copy. I need not appeal
+    to the gilding upon those mummies so fresh in its lustre; to the
+    stained silk of them, so vivid in its colours after a lapse of 3000
+    years; to the ductility and malleability of glass, discovered by an
+    artist of Rome in the days of Tiberius, but instantly lost by the
+    immediate murder of the man under the orders of the emperor, and just
+    now boasted vainly to be re-discovered by the wildly eccentric, yet
+    vividly vigorous, genius of that earl who professes to teach law to my
+    lord chancellor, and divinity to my lords the {10} bishops, who
+    proposes to send ship, by the force of steam, with all the velocity of
+    a ball from the mouth of a cannon, and who pretends by the power of his
+    steam-impelled oars to beat the waters of the ocean into the hardness
+    of adamant; or to the burning-glasses of Archimedes, recorded in their
+    effects by credible writers, actually imitated by Proclus at the siege
+    of Constantinople with Archimedes' own success, yet boldly pronounced
+    by some of our best judges, demonstrably impracticable in themselves,
+    and lately demonstrated by some faint experiments to be very
+    practicable, the skill of the moderns only going so far as to render
+    credible the practices of the ancients."--_The Course of Hannibal___,
+    by John Whitaker, B.D., 1794, vol. ii. p. 142.
+
+Who was the earl whose universality of genius is described above by this
+"laudator temporis acti?"
+
+H. J.
+
+    [Charles Earl Stanhope, whose versatility of talent succeeded in
+    abolishing the old wooden printing-press, with its double pulls, and
+    substituting in its place the beautiful iron one, called after him the
+    "Stanhope Press." His lordship's inventive genius, however, failed in
+    the composing-room; for his transmogrified letter-cases, with his eight
+    logotypes, once attempted at _The Times'_ office, were soon abandoned,
+    and the old process of single letters preferred.]
+
+_Dissimulate._--Where is the earliest use of this word to be found? It is
+to be met with in Bernard Mandeville's _Fable of the Bees_, 1723; but is
+not to be found, I think, in any dictionary. I was once heavily censured at
+school for using it in my theme; but I have more than once of late seen it
+used in a leading article of _The Times_.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [_Dissimulate_ occurs in Richardson's Dictionary, with the two
+    following examples:
+
+     "Under smiling she was _dissimulate_,
+      Prouocatiue with blinkes amorous."
+                  Chaucer, _The Testament of Creseide_.
+
+    "We commaunde as kynges, and pray as men, that al thyng be forgiuen to
+    theim that be olde and broken, and to theim that be yonge and lusty, to
+    _dissimulate_ for a time, and nothyng to be forgiuen to very yong
+    children."--_Golden Boke_, c. ix.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BISHOP KEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 526.)
+
+By converting a noun into a surname, Dodsley has led J. J. J. into a
+natural, but somewhat amusing mistake. The lines quoted are in Horace
+Walpole's well-known epistle, from Florence, addressed to his college
+friend T[homas] A[shton,] tutor of the Earl of P[lymouth].
+
+In Walpole's _Fugitive Pieces_, printed at Strawberry Hill, 1758 (the copy
+of which, now before me, was given by Walpole to Cole in 1762, and contains
+several notes by the latter), the passage stands correctly thus:
+
+ "Or, with wise ken, judiciously define,
+  When Pius marks the honorary coin,
+  Of Carnealla, or of Antonine."
+
+Your correspondent refers to an edition of the _Collection of Poems_ of
+1758. In a much later edition of that work, viz. 1782, the line is again
+printed--
+
+ "Or with wise KEN," &c.
+
+It is strange that the mistake was not corrected, at the instance of
+Walpole himself, during this long interval.
+
+Turning to Bishop Ken, I would observe that in his excellent Life of this
+prelate, Mr. Anderdon has given the three well-known hymns "word for word,"
+as first penned. These, Mr. A. tells us, are found, for the first time, in
+a copy of the _Manual of Prayers For the Use of the Winchester Scholars_,
+printed in 1700. The bishop's versions vary so very materially from those
+to which we have been accustomed from childhood, that these original copies
+are very interesting. Indeed, within five years after their first
+appearance, and during the author's life, material changes were made,
+several of which are retained to the present hour. It must be admitted that
+some of the stanzas, as they first came from the bishop's pen, are
+singularly rugged and inharmonious, almost justifying the request made by
+the lady to Byrom (as I have stated elsewhere[1]), "to revise and polish
+the bishop's poems." How came these hymns, so far the most popular of his
+poetical works, to be omitted by Hawkins in the collected edition of the
+poems, printed in 4 vols., 1721?
+
+My present object is, to call your attention to a "Midnight Hymn," by Sir
+Thomas Browne, which will be found in his works (vol. ii. p. 113., edit.
+Wilkin). Can there be question that to it Ken is indebted for some of the
+thoughts and expressions in two of his own hymns?
+
+The good bishop's fame will not be lessened by his adopting what was good
+in the works of the learned physician. He doubtless thought far more of the
+benefit which he could render to the youthful Wykehamists, than of either
+the originality or smoothness of his own verses.
+
+      _Sir Thomas Browne._
+ "While I do rest, my soul advance;
+  Make my sleep a holy trance:
+  That I may, my rest being wrought,
+  Awake into some holy thought,
+  And with as active vigour run
+  My course as doth the nimble sun.
+
+ "Sleep is a death: O make me try,
+  By sleeping, what it is to die!
+  {11}
+  And as gently lay my head
+  On my grave, as now my bed.
+
+ "These are my drowsy days; in vain
+  I do now wake to sleep again.
+  O come that hour when I shall never
+  Sleep again, but wake for ever!
+
+ "Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
+  Whose eyes are open while mine close;
+  Let no dreams my head infest,
+  But such as Jacob's temples blest."
+
+      _Bishop Ken._
+ "Awake, my soul, and with the sun
+  Thy daily stage of duty run.
+
+ "Teach me to live that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed.
+
+ "O when shall I in endless day
+  For ever chase dark sleep away,
+  And endless praise with th' Heavenly choir,
+  Incessant sing and never tire.
+
+ "You, my blest Guardian, whilst I sleep,
+  Close to my bed your vigils keep;
+  Divine love into me instil,
+  Stop all the avenues of ill.
+
+ "Thought to thought, with my soul converse
+  Celestial joys to me rehearse;
+  And in my stead, all the night long,
+  Sing to my God a grateful song."
+
+In the work referred to--one of the most valuable and best edited of modern
+days--Mr. Wilkin, when speaking of a fine passage on music in the _Religio
+Medici_ (vol. ii. p. 106.), asks whether it may not have suggested to
+Addison the beautiful conclusion of his Hymn on the Glories of Creation:
+
+ "What tho' in solemn silence, all," &c.
+
+This passage in Sir Thomas Browne appears forcibly to have struck the
+gifted author of _Confessions of an English Opium-eater_ (see p. 106. of
+that work).
+
+J. H. MARKLAND.
+
+[Footnote 1: _Sketch of Bishop Ken's Life_, p. 107.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOHN'S EDITION OF HOVEDEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 579.)
+
+MR. RILEY mistakes my purpose if he thinks that my object was to make a
+personal attack on him; and for anything in my last communication which may
+have appeared to possess that tendency, I hereby freely express my regret.
+Still I cannot allow that he has explained away the mistakes of which I
+complained, and of which I still have to complain. The kingdom of Cork
+_never_ "extended to within a short distance of Waterford;" and the
+territory of Desmond was _never_ co-extensive with Cork, having been always
+confined to the county of Kerry. MR. RILEY, therefore, is in error when he
+uses "Cork" and "Desmond" as synonymous. Again, he falls into the same
+mistake by assuming "Crook, Hook Point, or The Crook," to be synonyms. I
+never heard that Henry II. landed at Hook Point, which is in the county of
+Wexford, and from which a land journey to Waterford would be very
+circuitous. At Crook, however, on the opposite side of Waterford Harbour,
+and within the shelter of Creden Head, he is said to have done so; and as
+that point answers pretty exactly to the _Crock_ of Hoveden, why assume
+some indefinite point of the "Kingdom of Cork" as the locality, even
+supposing that its boundary _did_ approach Waterford city? Really MR.
+RILEY's explanations but make matters worse.
+
+With regard to "Erupolensis" being an _alias_ of Ossoriensis, I may quote
+the authority of the learned De Burgo, who, speaking of the diocese of
+Ossory, observes:
+
+    "Quandoque tamen nuncupata erat _Eyrupolensis_ ab _Eyro_ Flumine, vulgò
+    _Neoro_, quod _Kilkenniam_ alluit."--_Hibernia Dominicana_, p. 205.
+    note _i_.
+
+I maintain that the reading public has just cause to complain, not (as I
+said on a former occasion) because the editor of such a book as Hoveden's
+_Annals_ does not know everything necessary to elucidate his author, but
+because baseless conjectures are put forward as elucidations of the text.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.)
+
+It is difficult to believe that the third part of _Christabel_, published
+in Blackwood for June, 1819, vol. v. p. 286., could have either "perplexed
+the public," or "pleased Coleridge." In the first place, it was avowedly
+written by "Morgan Odoherty;" and in the next, it is too palpable a parody
+to have pleased the original author, who could hardly have been satisfied
+with the raving rhapsodies put into his mouth, or with the treatment of his
+innocent and virtuous heroine. This will readily be supposed when it is
+known that the Lady Geraldine is made out to have been a man in woman's
+attire, and that "the mark of Christabel's shame, the seal of her sorrow,"
+is neither more nor less than the natural consequence of her having shared
+her chamber with such a visitor.
+
+Is your correspondent A. B. R. correct in stating this parody to have been
+the composition of Dr. Maginn? In the biography of this brilliant writer in
+the twenty-third volume of the _Dublin University Magazine_, Dr. Moir, who
+had undoubtedly good opportunities of knowing, mentions that his first
+contribution to _Blackwood_ was the Latin translation of "Chevy Chase," in
+the number for November 1819; if this be correct, many of the cleverest
+papers that appeared under the name of Odoherty, and which are all
+popularly attributed {12} to Maginn, must have been the work of other
+authors, a circumstance which I had been already led to suspect from the
+frequent local allusions to Scotland in general, and to Edinburgh in
+particular, which could have scarcely proceeded from the pen of a native of
+Cork, who had then never visited Scotland. Since Dr. Moir's own death, it
+appears that the _Eve of St. Jerry_, and the _Rhyme of the Auncient
+Waggonere_, have been claimed for him, as well as some other similar
+pieces; and I believe that the series of _Boxiana_, which also appeared
+under the name of the renowned ensign and adjutant, was written by
+Professor Wilson. Maginn's contributions were at first under various
+signatures, and some time elapsed before he made use of the _nom de guerre_
+of Morgan Odoherty, which eventually became so identified with him.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ITS.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 578.)
+
+I am sorry to intrude upon your valuable space again in reference to this
+little word, but the inquiry of MR. RYE (p. 578.), and other reasons,
+render it desirable. The truth is that MR. KEIGHTLEY, MR. RYE and myself,
+are more or less mistaken. 1. MR. KEIGHTLEY, in his quotation from
+Fairfax's _Tasso_ (MR. SINGER's accurate reprint, 1817), has _his_ in both
+lines. 2. MR. RYE, in understanding me to refer to any translation proper;
+unless Sternhold and Hopkins are to be considered as having produced one.
+3. Myself, in supposing the old metrical version in the Book of Common
+Prayer originally had the word _its_. I copied from the Oxford edition in
+fol. of 1770; but a 4to. edition, "printed by Iohn Daye, dwelling over
+Aldersgate, anno 1574," does not exhibit the word in the places specified;
+we have instead _her_ in both places.
+
+Hitherto, then, the oldest examples of the use of this word have been
+adduced from Shakspeare. These are to be found in the first folio, but are
+in each case printed with the apostrophe after the _t_,--_it's_. This
+method of writing the word, however, soon disappeared, for in a treatise of
+Pemble's, printed 1635 (the author died in 1623), it appears as we write it
+now:
+
+    "If faith alone by _its_ own virtue and force."--_Works_, fol. p. 171.
+
+I have not observed the fact remarked, that besides the use of _his, her,
+hereof, thereof, of it_, and _the_, it was customary to employ the
+unchanged word _it_ for the possessive case. I will give an example or two.
+In the Genevan version, at Rom. viii. 20., we read "Not of _it_ owne
+wille." This passage is thus quoted in 1611 and in 1622, but in a later
+edition of the same work, 1656, _its_ is substituted for _it_. I have a
+note of one other instance from Perkins on Rev. ii. 28. (ed. 1606): "For as
+the sunne in the spring time quickeneth by _it_ warme beames."
+
+In conclusion, may I request that if any genuine instance of the use of
+this word _its_, is observed by any of your many contributors, they will
+communicate the fact to you? At present we can only go back to Shakspeare,
+in his _Winter's Tale_ and _Henry VIII_.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FAMILY OF MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 596.)
+
+As your correspondent CRANMORE has long been a deserter from the ranks of
+"N. & Q.," I may perhaps, without presumption, for once "stand in his
+shoes," and reply to the challenge addressed to him by V. M.
+
+Much obscurity has all along prevailed among the many biographers of
+Milton, in reference to the family of Elizabeth Minshull, his third wife,
+and eventually, for more than fifty years, his widow. Philips, Warton,
+Todd, and numerous others, state her to have been "the daughter of Mr.
+Minshull, of Cheshire,"--a very vague assertion when we consider that there
+were at least three or four different families of that name then existing
+in the county. Pennant, who delighted in particularities, sometimes even at
+the expense of historical fact, tells us, for the first time, in 1782, that
+she was the daughter of Mr. (or Sir) Edward Minshull, of Stoke, near
+Nantwich, and that she died at the latter town in March, 1726, at an
+advanced age. Mr. Ormerod, again, whose splendid _History of Cheshire_ will
+be the standard authority of the county for ages after he himself is
+carried to his fathers, has unfortunately adopted the same conclusion, and
+so given a colour, as it were, to this erroneous statement of our Cambrian
+antiquary. The Rev. Benjamin Mardon's paper, printed in the _Journal of the
+British Archæological Association for 1849_, is another and more recent
+instance of the way in which such errors as this may become perpetuated.
+Another writer (Palmer) conjectures her to have been the daughter of
+Minshull of Manchester; but this also has been proved to be entirely
+destitute of foundation.
+
+The truth of the matter is (and I am indebted to Mr. Fitchett Marsh's clear
+and succinct dissertation in the _Miscellany_ of the Chetham Society for
+the information), the poet's widow was daughter of Mr. Randle Minshull, of
+Wistaston in the county of Chester, whose great-great-grandfather, a
+younger son of Minshull of Minshull, settled on a small estate there in the
+reign of Queen Elizabeth, and so founded the house of Minshull of
+Wistaston. Milton was introduced to his Cheshire wife by his friend Dr.
+Paget; and {13} it was by his advice that the author of _Paradise Lost_
+once more entered into the bonds of wedlock. Mr. Marsh, to clear up all
+doubt upon the subject, and having previously established the identity of
+the family, examined the parish register at Wistaston, and there found that
+"Elizabeth, the daughter of Randolph Mynshull, was baptized the 30th day of
+December, 1638;" so that, if baptized shortly after birth, she must have
+been about twenty-six years old when united to Milton in 1664, and about
+eighty-nine at her death, which occurred in 1727.
+
+V. M., and all others who desire farther enlightenment on the subject, will
+do well to refer to the volume before mentioned, which forms the
+twenty-fourth of the series published by the Chetham Society.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS OF EMBLEMS--JACOB BEHMEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 469. 579.)
+
+Perhaps you will allow poor old Jacob Behmen, the inspired cobbler of
+Gorlitz, a niche in your temple of writers of emblems. I think he is
+legitimately entitled to that distinction. His works are nearly all couched
+in emblems; and, besides his own figures, his principles were pictorially
+illustrated by his disciple William Law (the author of _The Way to Divine
+Knowledge_, _The Serious Call_, &c.), in some seventeen simple, and four
+compound emblematic drawings. Of these the most remarkable, and in fact the
+most intelligible, are three compound emblems representing the Creation,
+Apostasy, and Redemption of Man. Every phase of each stage in the soul's
+history is disclosed to view by means of double and single doors. We are
+now concerned only with such of Behmen's emblematic works as have been
+translated into English. The following list contains only those in my own
+library. I am acquainted with no others:
+
+(1.) "The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher, to which is
+prefixed the Life of the Author, with Figures illustrating his Principles,
+left by the Rev. William Law, M.A. In four thick Volumes, royal 4to.
+London: printed for M. Richardson in Paternoster Row, MDCCLXIV." With a
+fine portrait of Behmen facing the title-page of the first volume. This
+edition contains the following works:
+
+    1. Aurora: the Day-spring, or Dawning of the Day in the East; or
+    Morning-redness in the Rising of the Sun: that is, the Root or Mother
+    of Philosophy, Astrology, and Theology, from the True Ground; or, A
+    Description of Nature.
+
+    2. The Three Principles of the Divine Essence of the Eternal: Dark,
+    Light, and Temporary World.
+
+    3. Mysterium Magnum: or an Explanation of the First Book of Moses
+    called Genesis.
+
+    4. Four Tables of Divine Revelation.
+
+    5. The High and Deep-Searching of the Threefold Life of Man, through or
+    according to the Three Principles.
+
+    6. Forty Questions concerning the Soul, proposed by Dr. Balthasar
+    Walter, and answered by Jacob Behmen.
+
+    7. The Treatise of the Incarnation.
+
+    8. The Clavis, or an Explanation of some Principal Points and
+    Expressions.
+
+    9. Signatura Rerum.
+
+    10. Of the Election of Grace; or of God's Will towards Man, commonly
+    called Predestination.
+
+    11. The Way to Christ discovered in the following Treatises:--I. Of
+    True Repentance. II. Of True Resignation. III. Of Regeneration. IV. Of
+    Supernatural Life.
+
+    12. A Discourse between a Soul hungry and thirsty after the Fountain of
+    Life, the sweet Love of Jesus Christ, and a Soul enlightened.
+
+    13. A Treatise of the Four Complexions, or a Consolatory Instruction
+    for a Sad and Assaulted Heart in the Time of Temptation.
+
+    14. A Treatise of Christ's Testament, Baptism, and the Supper.
+
+(2.) "Theosophic Letters, or Epistles of the Man from God enlightened in
+Grace, Jacob Behmen, of Old Seidenburgh, wherein everywhere [are?] Divine
+Blessed Exhortations to true Repentance and Amendment, as also Plaine
+Instructions concerning the highly worthy and precious Knowledge of the
+Divine and Natural Wisdome; together with a Right Touchstone or Triall of
+these Times, for an Introduction to the Author's other Writings: published
+in English for the good of the sincere Lovers of true Christianitie, by
+I. S.[2]" (I have only a MS. copy of this publication.)
+
+(3.) A beautiful MS. translation of "The Way to Christ." This is hardly so
+accurate as the one already referred to, though some of the expressions are
+better chosen. The date of this MS. is about 1730, or earlier.
+
+(4.) A fair MS. translation of Jacob Behmen's treatise called "A
+Fundamental Instruction concerning the Earthly and concerning the Heavenly
+Mystery; how they two stand in one another, and how in the Earthly the
+Heavenly becometh manifested or revealed, wherein then you shall see Babell
+the great citty upon Earth stand with its Forms and Wonders; and wherefore,
+or out of what, Babell is generated, and where Antichrist will stand quite
+naked. Comprised in Nine Texts. Written May 8, 1620, in High Dutch." (I
+have seen no printed translation of this treatise.)
+
+(5.) MS. translation of the fourth treatise of "The Way to Christ," viz.
+"of the Supersensual Life." This is a less accurate rendering than either
+of the others above mentioned.
+
+Perhaps your mystic correspondents will kindly furnish lists of other
+publications and MSS. of {14} "the Teutonick Theosopher." There are sixteen
+more of his works, of which fifteen are now extant in High Dutch. As old
+Behmen is but little known in this country, save by ill-repute, as having
+led astray William Law in his old age, and, through him, having tinctured
+the religious philosophy of Coleridge, it way be worth noting, that no less
+a philosopher than Schelling (to whom, as we know, Coleridge stood so
+greatly indebted) stole from the Lusatian shoemaker the corner-stones of
+his _Philosophy of Nature_.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+[Footnote 2: J. Sparrow.--ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RAFFAELLE'S SPOSALIZIO.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 595.)
+
+With regard to your correspondent MR. G. BRINDLEY ACKWORTH's Query
+respecting _Raffaelle's Sposalizio_, I am induced to think that the
+_custode_ at the church of the Santa Croce at Florence was right as to his
+information. In the copy which I have of the "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia,"
+_according to the ancient use of Salisbury_, the ring is undoubtedly to be
+placed on the bride's _right_ hand. Wheatly indeed says, that "when the man
+espouses his wife with it (_i.e._ the ring), he is to put it _upon the
+fourth finger of her_ left _hand_;" and then refers, for _the reason_ of
+this, to the rubric of _Salisbury Manual_, which speaks of the vein going
+from this finger directly to the heart.
+
+Now, what are the precise words of this rubric? After giving directions for
+the benediction of the ring, provided it has not previously been blessed,
+the rubric goes on thus:
+
+    "Si autem antea fuerit annulus ille benedictus tunc statim postquam vir
+    posuerit annulum super librum, accipiens sacerdos annulum tradat ipsum
+    viro: quem vir accipiat manu sua dextera cum tribus principalioribus
+    digitis, et manu sua sinistra tenens dexteram sponsæ docente sacerdote
+    dicat."
+
+The man is to receive the ring from the priest with the three principal
+fingers of the right hand; and then, holding the _right hand_ of the bride
+with his own left hand, he shall say, "With this ring," &c. He is then to
+place the ring on her thumb, saying, "In nomine Patris;" then on her second
+finger, saying "et Filii;" then on the third finger, saying "et Spiritus
+Sancti;" then on the fourth finger, saying "Amen;" and there he is to leave
+it. There is not a word said about the bride's _left_ hand, the _right_ is
+alone mentioned; and why should the man hold her _right_ hand with his
+_left_, but that with his _right_ hand he may the more easily place the
+ring, _first_ on the _thumb_, then on the other fingers of her _right_
+hand, until it arrives at its ideal destination?
+
+While I am upon this subject, allow me to point out another singular
+direction given in a rubric in this same "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia."
+When the woman is, as we term it, given away, if she be a spinster, she is
+to have her hand _uncovered_; if a widow, _covered_: the words are--
+
+    "Deinde detur femina a patre suo, vel ab amicis ejus: quod si _puella_
+    sit, _discoopertam_ habeat _manum_, si _vidua_, _tectam_."
+
+There is no reason given for this distinction, nor do I ever remember to
+have seen it noticed.
+
+F. B. W.
+
+The _Sposalizio_, or "espousals," or betrothing, is certainly a different
+ceremony from the marriage. Is not the fact of young ladies popularly
+considering and calling the third finger of the _right_ hand the engaged
+finger, and wearing a ring on that finger when engaged, a confirmation of
+your correspondent's idea, that at this "betrothal" or "espousals" (compare
+the phrase "his espoused wife" of Mary before her _marriage_ with Joseph)
+the ring was placed in the _right_ hand; at the marriage ceremony on the
+left?
+
+SC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WINDFALL.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 285.)
+
+W. W. is desirous of interpreting _windfall_, as necessarily from its
+origin denoting a gain. He is, perhaps, expecting a handsome bequest; I
+wish he may get it; but he may rely on it that the _windfall_ of the
+bequest will be accompanied by the _windfall_ of the "Succession Act." Let
+us hear what our great Doctor says; his first explanation is, "Fruit blown
+down from the tree."
+
+W. W.'s little boys and girls would deem a _windfall_ of unripe apples, at
+this time of the year, a good; they will make a pie for dinner. W. W.
+himself would call it an evil; the ripe crop is ruined.
+
+But let us see how Johnson illustrates his explanation:
+
+    "Their _boughs_ were too great for their stem, they became a _windfall_
+    upon the sudden."--_Bacon_, Essay 29.
+
+Webster copies this for his first explanation, as he does also our Dr's.
+second for his second; but as it is not his plan to illustrate by examples,
+he is saved from the _eccentricity_ of his original.
+
+If we refer to Bacon we shall be reminded of Johnson's warning, that by
+"hasty detruncation the general tendency of a sentence may be changed." The
+sentence here so hastily detruncated, stands thus in the Essay:
+
+    "The Spartans were a nice people in point of naturalisation, whereby
+    while they kept their compasse, they stood firme. But when _they_ did
+    spread, and _their boughes_ were becommen too great for their stemme,
+    they became a _windfall_ upon the suddaine. 'Potentia eorum subito
+    corruit.'"
+
+_They_, in Johnson's mutilated sentence, refers to the _boughs_; in Bacon,
+to the Spartans; so that, in {15} the first place, the Spartans are
+transformed into boughs, and, in the next place, the boughs into fruit.
+Detruncation, however, had nothing to do with this latter metamorphosis;
+and I am afraid this is not a solitary instance of lexicographical
+incongruity.
+
+W. W. may assure himself that a windfall is "whatever _falls_ by the wind,
+or with similar suddenness or unexpectedness, whether bringing good or
+ill."
+
+And if he will take the trouble to refer to "The Case of Impeachment of
+Waste," quoted by MR. ARROWSMITH, Vol. vii., p. 375., he will find, only a
+few lines before that gentleman's quotation begins, a legal question at
+issue as to the right of property in _windfalls_.
+
+Q.
+
+Bloomsbury.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. JUSTICE NEWTON.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.)
+
+It would greatly enhance the value of contributions to "N. & Q.," save much
+trouble, and often lead to a more direct intercourse between persons of
+similar pursuits, if contributors would drop initials, and sign their own
+proper name and _habitat_; and in saying this, I believe the Editor will
+second me. If C. S. G. had done this, I should have been happy to send him
+an envelope full of proofs that Mr. Justice Newton did not die in 1444, for
+that a fine was levied before him in 1448; that he is not buried in Bristol
+Cathedral, but in the Wyke Aisle in Yatton Church, Somerset, where may be
+seen his effigies beautifully carved in alabaster, in his judge's robes,
+and his head resting on a wheat-sheaf or garb; that there was _no_
+relationship between the second baronet of Hather, his arms being _cross
+bones_, &c., and those of the judge, who was truly a _Cradock_, were three
+garbs, &c. I would now beg leave to refer C. S. G. to my former
+communications in "N. & Q." about Cradock Newton, particularly Vol. ii.,
+pp. 248. 427.; _Chronica Judicialia_, 1635; Foss's _Lives of the Judges_;
+and a paper of mine in the forthcoming volume of the _Proceedings of the
+Archæological Institute at Bristol_.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+From C. S. G.'s reply to my inquiry respecting Mr. Justice Newton I
+conclude that at least _two_ individuals of this name have, at different
+periods, and at a considerable interval apart, occupied the judicial bench.
+
+The portrait I wish to trace is of a well-known character of the
+Commonwealth era, and could not, of course, have belonged to a judge then
+some two centuries deceased. My omission to state this circumstance, in the
+first instance, has very naturally occasioned complete misapprehension
+throughout.
+
+Since my Query was written, a duplicate of the drawing in the Bodleian
+(_minus_ the inscription), out of the Strawberry Hill collection, has,
+curiously enough, appeared in an extensive public sale. It was likewise
+said to be by Bulfinch; and farther examination leads me to infer that both
+this and the Oxford copy were, in respect of artist, in all probability
+_not_ incorrectly described. As Bulfinch lived _temp._ Charles II., and the
+Bodleian inscription points to his original painting, as "in the hands of
+Mr. Justice Newton," it may fairly be presumed that a second judge of the
+name flourished in this reign.
+
+Substantially, then, my original Query yet remains unanswered,
+notwithstanding C. S. G.'s obliging reply.
+
+F. KYFFIN LENTHALL.
+
+36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Mr. Lyte's Treatment of Positives._--It would be quite superfluous, after
+the very excellent communication of MR. POLLOCK, were I to give a detailed
+account of my method of printing albumen positives, as, in the main, we
+both follow the process of Mr. Le Gray. But as we both have our own
+improvements on the original process, I will ask for space in which to
+record our differences in manipulation.
+
+First, in regard to the chloride of gold, I always find, and I believe such
+is the experience of many photographers, that all salts of gold, though
+they heighten the effect at first, have a slow, but sure, destructive
+action on the picture.
+
+Next, I find that acetic acid, by generating sulphurous acid, has a similar
+effect, and my care was to try and make a solution which should be free
+from these defects. I first take my positive, which, as a general rule, I
+print at least half as dark again as the shade required. This done, I wash
+it well with water, and next with salt and water in the proportion of about
+half a grain per gallon, or quite a tasteless solution; this removes all
+the nitrate of silver from the paper, or if there is any left, the bath of
+salt decomposes it, leaving none in the texture of the paper to unite with
+the hypo., which otherwise forms a sticky substance, difficult to remove,
+which may be readily seen on looking through a positive which has been too
+hastily finished in the usual way, giving a dark shade, and a want of
+transparency to the lights. I then place the picture in a bath composed as
+follows:
+
+  Sodæ hyposul.              3 oz.
+  Argent. chlorid.          70 grs.
+  Potassii iodidi            5 grs.
+  Pyrogallic acid            1½ to 2 grs.
+
+The iodide of potassium I add on the same principle as MR. POLLOCK's iodide
+of silver, but as being {16} more convenient, as immediately on being added
+it decomposes some of the chloride of silver, and forms iodide of silver. I
+am happy to find that MR. POLLOCK confirms me in the use of this salt;
+which I had long thought to improve the tone of my pictures. The liquid,
+which will become rapidly very dark coloured, must be set aside in an open
+vessel in a warm place for some weeks, _e.g._ till, when a positive is
+placed in it, left for a short time, and then washed with water, it shows
+clean and not mottled in the light. The solution may be kept always
+exposed, and much improves by this: if _much_ used, it should be
+replenished with a simple solution of hypo. three ounces or two ounces to
+the pint; if little used, it may be filled up as much as evaporates with
+pure water.
+
+The positive is left in this solution till the required tint is obtained,
+when it is to be placed in plain hypo. two ounces to the pint, and in about
+a quarter of an hour transferred to a basin of pure water, and well washed
+in several waters. The other detail of MR. POLLOCK's process is so
+admirably and clearly given, and so like that I pursue, that I will not
+trouble your columns with it again.
+
+The after-bath of pure hypo. is not absolutely necessary; and where it is
+desired to obtain fine olive, and dark sepia, and black tints, a better
+tone results from washing well, long, and frequently, with water alone.
+
+This bath also gives very rich tints with paper, prepared without albumen:
+viz.--
+
+  Chloride of ammonium      5 grs.
+  Water                     1 oz.
+
+Lay the paper on this, and then hang it up to dry, and excite with
+ammonio-nitrate containing seventy grains of nitrate of silver to one ounce
+of water. Should the above solution not give the requisite tints soon after
+being made, add more chloride of silver; but bear in mind that the solution
+will then soon become saturated when setting positives, and when this
+occurs it must be rectified by the addition of a small portion of fresh
+hypo. alone.
+
+F. MAXWELL LYTE.
+
+P.S.--I may add that I have only lately tried the addition of the iodide of
+potassium to my setting liquid, and so must qualify my recommendation of it
+by saying so.
+
+Florian, Torquay.
+
+_Stereoscopic Angles._--I am obliged to MESSRS. SHADBOLT and WILKINSON for
+the information given in reply to my Queries (Vol. vii., p. 505.) My mode
+of operation is precisely that of MR. WILKINSON: "I obtain all the
+information I can from every source; then try, and judge for myself." Hence
+the present letter.
+
+I regret to be obliged to differ from MR. SHADBOLT, but there is a point in
+his communication which appears to me to arise from a misconception of the
+stereoscopic problem. He says (p. 557.), "for _distant_ views there is in
+nature scarcely any _stereoscopic_ effect." Now, surely visual distance is
+merely visual stereosity; for, to see an object solid is merely to see its
+parts in relief, some of them appearing to project or recede from the
+others. It is the difficulty of producing this effect in landscapes, by the
+ordinary camera process, that renders views taken by such means so
+deficient in air, or, as the artists term it, aerial perspective, most
+distant objects seeming almost as near as those in the foreground. This
+indeed is the main defect of all photographs: they are true representations
+of nature to one eye--cyclopean pictures, as it were--appearing perfectly
+stereoscopic with one eye closed, but seeming absolutely flattened when
+viewed by the two eyes. I remember being shown a huge photograph of the
+city of Berlin, taken from an eminence; and a more violent caricature of
+nature I never set eyes upon. It was almost Chinese in its perspective: the
+house-tops appeared to have been mangled. It was a wonderful work of art,
+photographically considered; but artistically it was positively hideous.
+But the same defect exists in _all_ monophotographic representations,
+though in a less degree, and consequently less apparent than in views to
+which a sense of distance is essential. In portraits, the features appear
+slightly flattened; and until photographers are able to overcome this, the
+chief of all obstacles to perfection, it is idle to talk of the art giving
+a correct rendering of nature. This is what is wanted, more than colour,
+diactinic lenses, multiplication of impressions, or anything else. And when
+it is remembered that the law of an ordinary convex lens is, the farther
+the object from the lens the nearer the focus, and, _vice versâ_, the
+nearer the object the farther the focus, it becomes evident that by such an
+instrument distant objects must be made to appear near, and near objects
+distant, and nature consequently mangled.
+
+The stereoscope gives us the only demonstrably correct representation of
+nature; and when that instrument is rendered more simple, and the peep-show
+character of the apparatus disconnected from it, the art of photography
+will transcend the productions of the painter--but not till then.
+
+I am anxious to obtain all the information I can from such of your
+photographic readers as are practically acquainted with the stereoscopic
+portion of the art relative to the angles under which they find it best to
+take their pictures for given distances.
+
+Mr. Fenton, the secretary of the Photographic Society, takes his
+stereoscopic pictures, when the objects are 50 feet and upwards from the
+camera, at 1 in 25. This is, as MR. SHADBOLT states, Professor Wheatstone's
+rule for distances. {17}
+
+MR. WILKINSON, on the other hand, asserts that 3 feet in 300 yards is
+sufficient separation for the cameras: this is only 1 in 300,--a vast
+difference truly.
+
+"For views across the Thames," says the editor of the _Photographic
+Journal_, "the cameras should be placed 12 feet apart, and with this
+separation the effect is declared to be astonishing."
+
+MR. WILKINSON, however, asserts that from 4 to 6 feet in a mile will do
+_well enough_!
+
+Farther, Mr. Latimer Clark (the inventor of an ingenious stereoscopic
+camera) states that with regard to the distance between the two positions
+of the cameras, he knows no good reason why the natural distance of the
+eyes, viz. 2½ inches, should be much exceeded. "A little extra relief is
+obtained," he adds, "without visible distortion, by increasing the
+separation to about 4 or 5 inches; but if this distance be greatly
+exceeded, especially for near objects (I give the gentleman's own words),
+they become apparently diminished in size, and have the appearance of
+models and dolls rather than natural objects."
+
+The reason for making the separation between the cameras greater than that
+between the two eyes, is exceedingly simple. The stereograph is to be
+looked at much _nearer_ than the object itself, and consequently is to be
+seen under a much larger angle than it is viewed by the two eyes in nature.
+Hence the two pictures should be taken at the angle under which they are to
+be observed in the stereoscope. Suppose the object to be 50 feet distant,
+then of course it is seen by the two eyes under an angle of 2½ inches in 50
+feet, or 1 in 240. But it is intended that the stereograph should be seen
+by the two eyes when but a few inches removed from them, or generally under
+an angle of 2½ in 12 inches, or nearly 1 in 5. Hence it is self-evident
+that the stereoscopic angle should be considerably larger than that formed
+by the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the object itself.
+
+But there is great diversity of opinion as to the extent of the angles
+requisite for producing the precise stereoscopic or distantial effect of
+nature. For myself I prefer Professor Wheatstone's rule, 1 in 25 for
+objects beyond 50 feet distant. For portraits I find the best angle 1 in 10
+when the sitter is 10 feet off, and for busts about 1 in 5 when placed
+about 5 or 6 feet from the cameras. But I should be happy to receive
+information from any of your readers concerning this important branch of
+the photographic art. For months past I have been engaged in a series of
+experiments in connexion with the subject, and wish for larger experience
+than it is possible for any single operator to acquire for himself.
+
+Mr. Fenton, I may observe, does not keep the cameras parallel in taking
+landscapes, but inclines them so that the same object may occupy as nearly
+as possible the centre of the ground glass plate.
+
+Nor is it essential that perfect horizontality or parallelism of the
+cameras should be maintained in copying trees. For buildings, however, it
+is absolutely necessary that the cameras be kept straight.
+
+I am sorry thus to trespass on your space, but being anxious, as MR.
+WILKINSON says, to collect information from every source, and your
+periodical being a happy medium for conveying and receiving instruction, I
+am glad to avail myself of such a channel.
+
+[Phi]. (2)
+
+P.S.--Mr. Claudet has, I perceive, been awarded the prize given by the
+Society of Arts for the best essay on the stereoscope. Can you, or any of
+your readers, inform me whether this is likely to be published, and when
+and at what price?
+
+_Query respecting Mr. Pollock's Process._--In MR. POLLOCK's directions for
+obtaining positives which appeared in "N. & Q." (Vol. vii, p. 581.), iodide
+of silver is to be dissolved in a saturated solution of hypo. Can you give
+me the quantity of iodide of silver to be dissolved, and the quantity of
+the saturated solution of hypo. in which it is to be dissolved?
+
+N. T. B.
+
+_Gallo-nitrate of Silver._--Can you inform me what the true nature of the
+decomposition is which takes place after a short time in the gallo-nitrate
+solution of silver? and if there be any ready means of rendering the silver
+it contains again available for photographic use?
+
+SIR W. NEWTON, in the description of his calotype process, says: "Bring out
+with the saturated solution of gallic acid, and when the subject begins to
+appear, add the aceto-nitrate of silver solution." Which way of doing this
+is the best,--mixing the two solutions together and applying them to the
+paper; or applying the paper, when wetted with the gallic acid, to the
+silver solution?
+
+T. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Verney Note decyphered_ (Vol. vii., p. 568.).--I am extremely obliged to
+MR. THOMPSON COOPER for his decyphered rendering of Sir Ralph Verney's note
+of a speech or proceeding in parliament. The note itself is not now in my
+possession, but I have requested the owner to be good enough to re-collate
+it with the original, and if any mistakes should appear in the copy, or the
+printing (which is very likely), I will give you notice of the fact, that
+the doubtful words in MR. COOPER's version may, if possible, be set right.
+
+Students in the art of decyphering may be pleased to have the key to the
+cypher recorded in {18} your pages. I therefore give it you as discovered
+by MR. COOPER, and beg, in the strongest way, to reiterate my thanks to
+that gentleman.
+
+  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
+  f, r, k, t, b, h, s, w, c,  g,  p,  d,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,
+
+  20, 22, 27, 28.
+  l,  x,  m,  n.
+
+The cyphers (if any) for _j, q, y, z_ have not been discovered, and the
+numbers 1, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 remain unappropriated.
+
+JOHN BRUCE.
+
+_Emblems by John Bunyan_ (Vol. vii., p. 470.).--This work which MR. CORSER
+has not met with, is in the folio edition of his works, forming pp. 849. to
+868. of vol. ii. (1768). The plates are small woodcuts of very indifferent
+execution.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Mr. Cobb's Diary_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--This volume was printed solely
+for private distribution by the family, who also presented their relatives
+and friends (amongst whom the writer was reckoned) with another volume
+compiled on the decease of Francis Cobb, Esq., the husband of Mrs. Cobb,
+and entitled, _Memoir of the late Francis Cobb, Esq., of Margate, compiled
+from his Journals and Letters_: Maidstone, printed by J. V. Hall and Son,
+Journal Office, 1835. Both of these are at the service for perusal of your
+inquiring correspondent, JOHN MARTIN.
+
+E. D.
+
+"_Sat cito si sat bene_" (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I have not Twiss at hand;
+but I think F. W. J. is mistaken in calling it a "favourite maxim" of Lord
+Eldon. I remember to have heard Lord Eldon tell the story, which was, that
+the Newcastle Fly, in which he came up to town, in I forget how many days,
+had on its panel the motto, "Sat cito si sat bene:" he applied it jocularly
+in defence of his own habits in Chancery.
+
+C.
+
+_Mythe versus Myth_ (Vol. vii., pp. 326. 575.).--It gives me much pleasure
+to have afforded MR. THIRIOLD an opportunity for displaying so much
+learning and sagacity; but I hope he does not imagine that he has confuted
+me. As I only spoke of words which, like [Greek: muthos], had a single
+consonant between two vowels, such words as _plinth_, _labyrinth_, &c. have
+nothing to do with the question. If _mythe_, differing from the other
+examples which are to be found, happens to have _the_ for its termination,
+and thus resembles words of Anglo-Saxon origin, I cannot help it, but it
+was formed _secundum artem_. As to MR. THERIOLD's _m[=y]th_, unless so
+written and printed, it will always be pronounced _m[)y]th_, like the
+French _mythe_.
+
+As to the _hybrid_ adjectives, I only wished to avoid increasing the number
+of them. The French, I believe, have only one, _musical_; for though, like
+ourselves, they have made substantives of the Greek [Greek: mousikê] (sc.
+[Greek: technê]), [Greek: phusikê], &c., in all other cases they retain the
+Greek form of the adjective, as in _physique_, substantive and adjective,
+while we generally have pairs of adjectives, as _philosophic,
+philosophical_; _extatic, extatical_; &c. Some may think this an advantage;
+I do not.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+_The Gilbert Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 259).--If your correspondent seeking
+genealogical information in reference to my ancestors, calls on me, I will
+show him a presentation copy of _A Genealogical Memoir of the Gilbert
+Family in Old and New England_, by J. W. Thornton, LL.B., Boston, U. S.,
+1850, 8vo. pp. 24, only fifty printed.
+
+JAMES GILBERT.
+
+_Alexander Clark_ (Vol. vii., p. 580.).--I should feel obliged if J. O.
+could find leisure to communicate to "N. & Q." some particulars relative to
+Clark. He is supposed to have been the author of a curious poem: _The
+Institution and Progress of the Buttery College of Slains, in the Parish of
+Cruden, Aberdeenshire; with a Catalogue of the Books and MSS. in the
+Library of that University_: Aberdeen, 1700. Mr. Peter Buchan thus mentions
+him in his _Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_:
+
+    "Clark, a drunken dominie at Slains, author of a poetical dialogue
+    between the gardeners and tailors on the origin of their crafts, and a
+    most curious Latin and English poem called the 'Buttery College of
+    Slains,' which resembled much in language and style Drummond of
+    Hawthornden's 'Polemo Middino.'"
+
+This poem is printed in Watson's _Collection of Scottish Poems_, Edin.
+1711; and also noticed in the _Edinburgh Topographical and Antiquarian
+Magazine_, 1848, last page. I am anxious to ascertain if the emblem writer,
+and the burlesque poet, be one and the same person. The dates, I confess,
+are somewhat against this conclusion; but there may have been a previous
+edition of the _Emblematical Representation_ (1779). The _University_ Clark
+is supposed to have been an Aberdeenshire man. Possibly J. O. may be able
+to throw some light on the subject.
+
+PERTHENSIS.
+
+_Christ's Cross_ (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.).--In Morley's _Introduction to
+Practical Music_, originally printed in 1597, and which I quote from a
+reprint by William Randall, in 4to., in 1771, eighteen mortal pages
+(42-59), which, in my musical ignorance, I humbly confess to be wholly out
+of my line, are occupied with the "Cantus," "Tenor," and "Bassus," to the
+following words:
+
+    "Christes Crosse be my speed in all vertue to proceede, A, b, c, d, e,
+    f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, & t, double w, v, x, with y,
+    ezod, & per se, con per se, tittle tittle est Amen, When you haue done
+    begin again, begin again."
+
+J. F. M.
+
+{19}
+
+_The Rebellious Prayer_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--J. A. may find the poem, of
+which he quotes the opening lines, in the _Churchman's Monthly Penny
+Magazine_, October, 1851, with the signature L. E. P. The magazine is
+published by Wertheim & Macintosh, 24. Paternoster Row.
+
+M. E.
+
+"_To the Lords of Convention_" (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--L. EVANS will find
+the whole of the ballad of "Bonnie Dundee," the first line of which he
+quotes, in Sir Walter Scott's _Doom of Devorgoil_, where it is introduced
+as a song. Singularly enough, his best ballad is thus found in his worst
+play.
+
+FICULNUS.
+
+_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 607.).--In a chapel
+adjoining the church of Heveningham in Suffolk, are (or rather were in
+1832) the remains of a good altar tomb, with recumbent effigies carved in
+chesnut, of a knight and his lady: it appeared to be, from the armour and
+architecture, of the early part of the fifteenth century; and from the
+arms, _Quarterly or and gules within a border engrailed sable, charged with
+escallops argent_, no doubt belonged to the ancient family of Heveningham
+of that place; probably Sir John Heveningham, knight of the shire for the
+county of Suffolk in the 1st of Henry IV.
+
+When I visited this tomb in 1832, it was in a most dilapidated condition:
+the slab on which the effigy of the knight once rested was broken in;
+within the head of the lady, which was separated from the body, a thrush
+had built its nest: notwithstanding, however, the neglect and damp to which
+the chapel was exposed, these chesnut effigies remained wonderfully sound
+and perfect.
+
+SPES.
+
+The monument to Sir Walter Traylli and his lady, in Woodford Church in
+Northamptonshire, is of wood.
+
+There is a wooden effigy in Gayton Church, Northamptonshire, of a knight
+templar, recumbent, in a cross-legged position, his feet resting on an
+animal: over the armour is a surcoat; the helmet is close fitted to the
+head, his right hand is on the hilt of his sword, a shield is on the left
+arm.
+
+There is also a fine wooden effigy of Sir Hugh Bardolph in Burnham Church
+in Norfolk.
+
+J. B.
+
+In Fersfield Church, in Norfolk, there is a wooden figure to the memory of
+Sir Robert Du Bois, Kt., ob. 1311. See Bloomfield's _Norfolk_, vol. i. p.
+68.
+
+J. B.
+
+_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211. 634.).--Upon
+reference to the story of the "tubwoman" in p. 133., it will be seen that
+Mr. Hyde is distinctly stated to have himself married the brewer's widow,
+and to have married her for her money. It is farther said that Ann Hyde,
+the mother of Queen Mary and Queen Ann, was the only issue of this
+marriage; whereas Ann Hyde had four brothers and a sister. No allusion is
+made in this account to Sir Thomas Ailesbury. Your correspondent MR. WARDEN
+says, that "the story has _usually_ been told of the wife of Sir Thomas
+Ailesbury," and that it may be true of her. Will he have the kindness to
+furnish a reference to the version of the story in which Sir Thomas
+Ailesbury is said to have married the tubwoman?
+
+L.
+
+_House-marks_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I do not know whether [alpha].
+recollects the frequent occurrence of _marks_ upon sheep in this country.
+Although I have often seen them, I cannot just now describe one accurately.
+Some sheep passed my house yesterday which were marked with a _cross_
+within a circle.
+
+Riding with a friend, a miller, in Essex, about thirteen years ago, he
+jumped out of the gig and over a gate, to seize a sack which was lying in a
+field. Seeing no initials upon it, I asked how he knew that it was his;
+when he pointed out to me a fish marked upon it, which he told me had been
+his own and his father's mark for many years. He also said that most of the
+millers in the neighbourhood had a peculiar _mark_ (not their names or
+initials), each a different one for his own sacks.
+
+A. J. N.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+"_Amentium haud amantium_" (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Your correspondent's
+Query sent me at once to a queer old _Terence in English_, together with
+the text, "_operâ ac industriâ R. B., in Axholmensi insulâ, Lincolnsherii
+Epwortheatis_. [London, Printed by John Legatt, and are to be sold by
+Andrew Crooke, at the sign of the Green-Dragon, in Paul's Church Yard.
+1641.] 6th Edition."
+
+Here, as I expected, I found an alliterative translation of the phase in
+question "For they are fare as they were _lunaticke, and not love-sicke_."
+
+The translation, I may add, is in prose.
+
+OXONIENSIS.
+
+Walthamstow.
+
+_The Megatherium in the British Museum_ (Vol. vii., p. 590.).--It is much
+to be regretted that A FOREIGN SURGEON should not have examined the
+contents of the room which contains the cast of the skeleton of this animal
+with a little more attention, before he penned the above article. Had he
+done so, he would have found many of the original bones, from casts of
+which the restored skeleton has been constructed, in Wall Cases 9 and 10,
+and would not have fallen into the error of supposing that it is a
+_fac-simile_ of the original skeleton at Madrid. _That_ specimen was
+exhumed near Buenos Ayres in 1789; whilst our restoration {20} has been
+made from bones of another individual, many of which are, as I have stated,
+to be found in the British Museum itself, and others in that of the Royal
+College of Surgeons. I are not about to defend the propriety of putting the
+trunk of a palm-tree into the claws of the Megatherium, though I do not
+suppose that the restorer ever expected, when he did so, that any one would
+entertain the idea that this gigantic beast was in the habit of climbing
+trees; but I would fain ask your correspondent on what grounds he makes the
+dogmatic assertion that "Palms there were none, at that period of telluric
+formation." I will simply remind him of the vast numbers of fossil fruits,
+and other remains of palms, in the London clay of the Isle of Sheppey.
+
+W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Pictorial Proverbs_ (Vol. v., p. 559.).--Perhaps the book here mentioned
+is one of the old German _Narrenbuchs_, or _Book of Fools_, which were
+generally illustrated with pictures, of which I have a curious set in my
+possession.
+
+Can any of your correspondents give some account of the nature and merits
+of these books? Are any of them worth translating at the present day? The
+one from which my pictures were taken has the title _Mala Gallina, malum
+Ovum_, and was published at Vienna and Nuremburg. It seems to have been a
+satire on the female sex; but the text, I am sorry to say, is not in my
+possession.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+_"Hurrah," and other War-cries_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--The following
+passage (which I find in my notes with the reference _Ménagiana_, vol. ii.
+p. 328.) may partially assist your correspondent CAPE:
+
+    "Le cri des anciens Comtes d'Anjou étoit _Rallie_. En voici l'origine.
+    Eude II., Comte de Blois, marchant avec une armée considérable contre
+    Foulke Nerra, Comte d'Anjou, ces deux princes se rencontrèrent à
+    Pontlevoi sur le Cher, où ils se livrèrent bataille le 6 Juillet, 1016.
+    Foulke eut d'abord quelque désavantage; mais Herbert, Comte du Maine
+    (dit _Eveillechien_), étant venu à son secours, il rallia ses troupes,
+    and défit absolument, &c. Depuis ce temps-là le cri des anciens Comtes
+    d'Anjou étoit _Rallie_. Et à ce propos je vous rapporterai ce qu'en dit
+    Maître Vace, surnommé _le Clerc de Caen_, dans son Roman de Normandie:
+
+     'François crie _Montjoye_, et Normans _Dex-aye_:
+      Flamands crie _Aras_, et Angevin _Rallie_:
+      Et li cuens Thiebaut _Chartre_ et _Passavant_ crie.'"
+
+This last cry is not unlike the Irish "Faugh-a-Ballagh" in signification.
+
+J. H. LERESCHE.
+
+Manchester.
+
+The following extracts from Sir Francis Palgrave's _History of Normandy and
+England_, vol. i. p. 696., explain the origin of the word "Hurrah,"
+respecting which one of your correspondents inquires:
+
+    "It was a 'wise custom' in Normandy, established by Rollo's decree,
+    that whoever sustained, or feared to sustain, any damage of goods or
+    chattels, life or limb, was entitled to raise the country by the cry of
+    _haro_, or _haron_, upon which cry all the lieges were bound to join in
+    pursuit of the offender,--_Haron! Ha Raoul!_ justice invoked in Duke
+    Rollo's name. Whoever failed to aid, made fine to the sovereign; whilst
+    a heavier mulct was consistently inflicted upon the mocker who raised
+    the _clameur de haro_ without due and sufficient cause, a disturber of
+    the commonwealth's tranquillity.
+
+    "The _clameur de haro_ is the English system of 'hue and cry.' The old
+    English exclamation _Harrow!_ our national vernacular _Hurrah!_ being
+    only a variation thereof, is identical with the supposed invocation of
+    the Norman chieftain; and the usage, suggested by common sense,
+    prevailed under various modifications throughout the greater part of
+    the Pays Coutumier of France."
+
+A. M. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Among the books which we have for some time intended to bring under the
+notice of our readers is a new and cheaper edition of _The Coin Collector's
+Manual, or Guide to the Numismatic Student in the Formation of a Cabinet of
+Coins: comprising an Historical and Critical Account of the Origin and
+Progress of Coinage, from the Earliest Period to the Fall of the Roman
+Empire; with some Account of the Coinages of Modern Europe, more especially
+of Great Britain, by_ H. Noel Humphreys: and we have been the more anxious
+to do this, because, except among professed collectors, greater ignorance
+probably exists on the subject of coins, their date, value, &c., than upon
+any other subject with which educated people are supposed to possess some
+acquaintance. Yet there are few numismatic questions likely to occur which
+ordinary readers would not be enabled to solve by a reference to these two
+little volumes, enriched as it is with numerous illustrations; especially
+if they would place beside them Akerman's most useful _Numismatic Manual_.
+
+We are indebted to Mr. Murray for two volumes which will be among the
+pleasant additions to the cheap books of the month, namely, the new volume,
+being the fourth of the reprint, of Lord Mahon's _History of England to the
+Peace of Versailles_, which comprises the interval between the Peace of
+Aix-la-Chapelle and that of Hubertsburg; and in the _Railway Reading_, for
+half-a-crown! the fourth edition of Lockhart's spirited translations of
+_Ancient Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic_. Thanks, Mr. Murray,
+thanks!
+
+That Mr. De la Motte, who is so well known as an accomplished draughtsman,
+should turn his attention to photography, is no slight testimony to the
+value of the art. That he has become a master in it, may be seen by one
+glance at his own works on the walls of his Photographic Gallery. The
+beginner may therefore receive with confidence the results of that
+gentleman's experience; and _The Practice of Photography, a Manual for
+Students and Amateurs_, just published by him, will {21} be found a most
+useful and instructive companion to every one who is now contemplating an
+excursion, armed with a camera, for the purpose of securing for the
+gratification of his friends truthful records of his wanderings. Mr. De la
+Motte wisely confines his instruction to the paper and glass processes; his
+details on these are clear and minute, and the book is well worth the money
+for those pages of it alone which are devoted to the "Chemicals used in
+Photography."
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_On the Archaic Mode of expressing Numbers in English,
+Saxon, Friesic, &c._, by E. Thomson, Esq.; a learned and ingenious tract,
+written originally for insertion in "N. & Q.," but which fact ought not to
+prevent our speaking of it in the terms which it deserves.--_A Few Words in
+Reply to the Animadversions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce on Mr. Hunter's
+"Disquisition on the Tempest," 1839, and his "New Illustrations of the
+Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakspeare," 1845, &c._ A short but
+interesting contribution to Shakspearian criticism, by one who has already
+done good service in the same cause. If we cannot agree with Mr. Hunter in
+all that he seeks to establish, we can admire his knowledge of Elizabethan
+literature, and appreciate the spirit in which he writes.--_The Antiquary._
+This is the first number of a small work consisting of reprints of
+proclamations, curious advertisements from early newspapers, and such odd
+matters as paint more forcibly than the gravest historian, the colours of
+the times.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+THE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804.
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steeven's edition, in 15 vols.
+8vo. 1739.
+
+CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. 12mo. London, 1828. (Two Copies.)
+
+JONES' ACCOUNT OF ABERYSTWITH. Trevecka, 8vo. 1779.
+
+M. C. H. BROEMEL'S FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.
+
+COOPER'S ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1832. Vol. I.
+
+PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Basil, 1522.
+
+LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736.
+
+JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I.
+4to. 1794.
+
+WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832.
+
+WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683.
+
+WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818.
+
+AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842.
+
+SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794.
+Two Copies.
+
+HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702.
+
+THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME. _We avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by the
+commencement of a new Volume, to state that our attention has been called
+to the sharp and somewhat personal tone of several of the recent
+contributions to "N. & Q.," and which, we are reminded, is the more
+striking from the marked absence of anything of that character in our
+earlier Volumes. We are perhaps ourselves somewhat to blame for this, from
+our strong indisposition to exercise our editorial privilege of omission.
+Our notice of the subject will, we are sure, be sufficient to satisfy our
+contributors of the inconvenience which must result to themselves as well
+as to us from the indulgence in too great license of the pen. We know that
+when men write_ currente calamo, _words and phrases are apt to escape, the
+full application of which is not observed, until, as Charles Lamb said,
+"print proves it;" but being conscious that, when treating on the subjects
+with which we deal, no one would willingly write anything with design to
+give offence, we shall in future "play the tyrant" on all such occasions
+with more vigilance than we have done._
+
+L. K. _The lines_--
+
+ "Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow;
+  The rest is all but leather and prunello."
+
+_are from Pope's_ Essay on Man, _Ep. IV._ 203. _See some curious
+illustrations of them in our_ First Volume, pp. 246. 362. &c.
+
+BLACKAMOOR _will find the_ Cyanogen Soap, _manufactured by Thomas,
+excellent for removing Photographic stains. It is, however, to be used with
+care, being_ poisonous.
+
+ALBERT. _The history of the phrase_--
+
+ "Quem Deus vult perdere,"
+
+_will be seen in our_ First Volume, pp. 347. 351. 421. 476.; _and_ Second
+Volume, p. 317.
+
+I. G. T. _Gooseberry_ Fool _is the same as pressed or crushed gooseberries,
+from the French_ fouler, _to press, tread, &c._
+
+SIR F. MADDEN's paper, Was Thomas Lord Lyttelton the Author of Junius's
+Letters? _is unavoidably postponed until next week._
+
+_Replies to our numerous_ PHOTOGRAPHIC QUERISTS _in our next._
+
+_The_ Index _to our_ SEVENTH VOLUME _will be ready on Saturday the 16th._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price
+Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published, price 5s.; or, post free, 5s. 6d.
+
+DICKSON AND MOWBRAY ON POULTRY, edited by MRS. LOUDON, with numerous
+beautiful illustrations by Harvey (including the Cochin-China Fowl). Post
+8vo.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MILLER'S FLY-LEAVES is the Literary and Supplemental Portion of his LONDON
+LIBRARIAN. The most extensive Sheet CATALOGUE OF OLD BOOKS published,
+announcing Monthly for Sale, 1000 CHEAP BOOKS, in all departments of useful
+and entertaining, as well as scarce and uncommon, Literature. No Book
+Collector or Librarian should fail to be a Subscriber. It is published
+about the 21st of each Month, containing 24 pages of letter-press, price
+2d., stamped for post, 3d. Annual subscription, 3s.
+
+JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street,
+Trafalgar Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+MILTON'S PROSE WORKS, Vol. V., containing the Conclusion of THE CHRISTIAN
+DOCTRINE, translated and edited by the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. With a General
+Index to the five vols. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+ARISTOTLE'S ORGANON, or, LOGICAL TREATISES, with the INTRODUCTION OF
+PORPHYRY literally translated, with Notes, Analysis, Introduction, and
+Index, by the REV. O. F. OWEN, M.A. 2 vols. post 8vo. 3s. 6d. per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+CHINA, PICTORIAL, DESCRIPTIVE, and HISTORICAL, with some Account of AVA and
+the BURMESE, SIAM and ANNAM. Illustrated by nearly one hundred fine
+engravings on wood. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate to
+the affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to A.D. 1307
+Translated by C. D. Yonge, B.A. In 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth. 5s. per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{22}
+
+THE NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION OF
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1853
+
+IS NOW READY,
+
+    In 1 vol. royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary
+    volumes, with 1,500 accurate Engravings of Arms. Price 38s. bound.
+
+This new and thoroughly revised edition has engaged the author's closest
+attention for a considerable time. Every line of its voluminous contents
+has been tested by the most minute research, and every page has been
+submitted to the members of the various noble and eminent families
+themselves. Much additional information of the deepest interest has thus
+been obtained. The collateral branches, too, have been fully investigated
+and inserted. In addition, great improvements have been made in the
+Heraldic Illustrations, and arrangement of the printing, &c.
+
+Also just published,
+
+BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY, CORRECTED FOR 1853,
+
+    In 2 large vols., including the Supplement, printed in double columns
+    (equal in quantity to thirty ordinary volumes). Price 2l. 2s. bound,
+    with a separate Index, gratis, of all the names (upwards of 100,000)
+    mentioned in the Work.
+
+The great expense attending the production of this important and truly
+national Work will preclude its being again printed in so extended and
+comprehensive a form, and the present opportunity will consequently be the
+only one afforded for obtaining it.
+
+EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+    New Edition, with numerous Additions and Original Letters, now first
+    published, and a copious Index. Complete in 4 volumes, 10s. 6d. each.
+
+"This very excellent edition of Evelyn's famous 'Diary' furnishes us with
+much interesting correspondence never before published. These volumes will
+be treasures to those who delight in genuine curiosities of literature,
+while to the student of history they will be invaluable. The work is a
+necessary companion to the popular histories of our country--to Hume,
+Hallam, Macaulay, and Lingard."--_Sun._
+
+HORACE WALPOLE'S MEMOIRS.
+
+Edited by ELIOT WARBURTON. Cheaper Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. with Portraits,
+16s.
+
+"The Memoirs of Horace Walpole nearly complete the chain of personal,
+political, and literary history, commencing with Evelyn and Pepys, and
+ending almost in our own day with the histories of Mr. Macaulay and Lord
+Mahon. The work is a necessary addition to the library of every English
+gentleman."--_Standard._
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. Contents of the Number for JULY:--Engraving
+of the Royal Freemasons' Girls' School; The Increase of Freemasonry; On
+Benefit Societies, by the Rev. T. A. Buckley; Episodes in the Life of a
+Freemason; The Countess and the Serf, by Miss Pardoe; The Knights of St.
+Helen's; On Symbols and Symbolism; A Relic of the Pretender; Eleanora
+Ulfeld; The Prison Flower, by Miss Pardoe; Olden Holiday Customs; Si
+j'étais Roi; Correspondence. Masonic Intelligence:--Supreme Grand Chapter
+of Royal Arch Masons of England; United Grand Lodge; Grand Conclave of
+Masonic Knights Templar; The Ancient and Accepted Rite; Royal Freemasons'
+Girls' School; Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution; Metropolitan;
+Provincial; Scotland; Colonial. Interesting Discovery at Jerusalem.
+Obituary. Notices to Correspondents.
+
+The Third Number will be published on the 30th of September.
+
+ROUTLEDGE & CO., Farringdon Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IRISH EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.--NOTICE is hereby given, That from and after the
+4th July next, the SCHOOL BOOKS used by the COMMISSIONERS OF NATIONAL
+EDUCATION IN IRELAND, may be obtained from the Office, Merrion Street,
+Dublin, for Ready Money only, by the Trade (and by Private Persons ordering
+them in quantities of the value of 10l. and upwards), at the under
+mentioned Prices.
+
+From the above date the Commissioners will supply no books, except to the
+Irish National Schools.
+
+                                               s. d.
+  First Book of Lessons                        0  0½
+  Second    ditto                              0  3
+  Sequel to Second Book, No. 1.                0  3
+       Ditto      ditto, No. 2.                0  3
+  Fourth Book of Lessons                       0  7
+  Supplement to Fourth Book                    0  8
+  Fifth Book of Lessons                        0  7
+  Girl's Reading Book                          0  7
+  Biographical Sketches of British Poets       0  9
+  Selections from British Poets. Vol. I.       0  8
+        Ditto          ditto,   Vol. II.       0  9
+  Introduction to the Art of Reading           0  5
+  English Grammar                              0  3
+  Key to ditto                                 0  0½
+  Third Book of Lessons                        0  6
+  First Arithmetic                             0  3
+  Key to ditto                                 0  3
+  Arithmetic in Theory and Practice            0  7
+  Book Keeping                                 0  4
+  Key to ditto                                 0  3
+  Epitome of Geography                         0 10
+  Compendium of ditto                          0  3
+  Elements of Geometry                         0  3
+  Mensuration                                  0  5
+  Appendix to ditto                            0  4
+  Scripture Lessons, Old Testament, No. 1.     0  4
+        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4
+        Ditto        New Testament, No. 1.     0  4
+        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4
+  Sacred Poetry                                0  1
+  Lessons on Truth of Christianity             0  2
+  Agricultural Class Book                      0  6
+  Farm Account Book                            1  2
+  Treatise on Needlework                       1  7
+
+Stationery Office, 27th May, 1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JULY, 1853, being the First of a New Volume,
+contains:--1. Memoirs of Thomas Moore. 2. Wanderings of an Antiquary, from
+York to Godmanham (with Engravings). 3. Female Novelists. 4. Political
+Caricature, temp. Charles I. 5. A Midland Town (Leicester) in the Reign of
+George III., and Mr. Gardiner's Anecdotes of T. Moore. 6. Historical Notes
+on the Retaining of Counsel. 7. Roman Antiquities found at Kingsholm, near
+Gloucester. 8. Remains of Norman Cross at Birstall, co. York (with an
+Engraving). 9. The Bourne Stream near Croydon. 10. Dr. Guest on the
+Etymology of Stonehenge. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: The Itinerary of
+Richard of Cirencester.--The Roches and Viscounty of Fermoy.--Recent
+repairs of Lambeth Church.--Early state of St. James's Park.--Postmen,
+temp. Charles I., &c. &c. With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New
+Publications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the
+Earl of Ducie, Lord Dacre, Sir John Hope, Bart., Sir Charles A. Elton,
+Bart., Lt.-Gen. Sir R. Arbuthnot, Vice-Adm. Sir F. Mason, Sir Richard B.
+Comyn, Culling C. Smith, Esq., J. L. Dampier, Esq., Ludwig Tieck, &c. Price
+2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Twenty-eighth Edition.
+
+NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on
+the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means
+of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by
+DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from
+the Author for Five Penny Stamps.
+
+    "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
+    careful perusal of our invalid reader."--_John Bull Newspaper, June_ 5,
+    1852.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.
+
+NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.
+
+Now ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100
+Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 5s., bound.
+
+MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and Practical
+Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.
+
+    "A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families. in
+    which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as
+    comfort and elegance."--_Morning Post._
+
+    "Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of
+    domestic economy that has yet been given to the world."--_John Bull._
+
+    "A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the
+    test of _family_ experience, and numerous editorial and typographical
+    improvements throughout."--_Spectator._
+
+    "Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new work."--_Literary
+    Gazette._
+
+    "The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary
+    household."--_Atlas._
+
+    "As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous
+    language, this can scarcely be surpassed."--_Economist._
+
+    "Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and
+    gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in
+    general."--_Builder._
+
+    "We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this cookery
+    book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out
+    how an excellent dinner may be best secured."--_Express._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOW READY,
+
+The most extraordinary Work of the Season,
+
+THE ADVENTURES OF A LADY IN TARTARY, THIBET, CHINA, and KASHMIR; through
+portions of territory never before visited by European. With an Account of
+the Journey from the Punjab to Bombay Overland, via the famous Caves of
+Ajunta and Ellora. Also, an Account of the Mahalleshwur and Neilgherry
+Mountains, the Sanataria of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. With
+Engravings, Portraits and Maps. In Three thick Vols., post 8vo., price 37s.
+6d.
+
+II.
+
+AGNES MAYNARD; or, Dreams and Realities. By the Authoress of "The Garden in
+the Wilderness," &c. One Vol. post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. Ready on Monday at
+all the Libraries.
+
+III.
+
+ROSA ST. ORME, and OTHER TALES. By MRS. LOCKE. One Vol., post 8vo., price
+10s. 6d. Ready on the 1st at all the Libraries.
+
+IV.
+
+MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING; or, the Religion of England staked on the Opening
+or Shutting of the Crystal Palace on Sundays. A Farce, in many Acts. By A
+CLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. Price 1s.
+
+V.
+
+CONVICTS and COLONIES; Thoughts on Transportation and Colonisation, with
+reference to the Islands and Mainland of Northern Australia. By G. S.
+MORRIS, B.A., Vicar of Bretforton, Worcestershire, formerly one of Her
+Majesty's Chaplains in the island of Van Diemen's Land. Price 2s.
+
+VI.
+
+IMPORTANT to AUTHORS.--New Publishing Arrangements.--HOPE & CO.,
+Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, have resolved to charge
+no commission for publishing Works printed by them, until the Author has
+been refunded his original outlay. They would also state that they print,
+in the first style, greatly under the usual charges; while their publishing
+arrangements enable them to promote the interest of all Works intrusted to
+their charge. Estimates and every particular furnished gratuitously in
+course of post.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{23}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
+Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
+General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other
+Talbotype Papers.
+
+Pure Photographic Chemicals.
+
+Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.
+HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their
+Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,
+tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any
+climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.
+manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements
+adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for
+Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses
+from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the
+attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of
+his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the
+efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability
+and convenience of the Folding Ditto.
+
+Every description of Apparatus to order.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Established 1824.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of
+131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
+different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
+five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.
+
+The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
+now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
+obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF
+PARTNERSHIP.
+
+POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next
+Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.
+
+On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be
+paid for the first five years.
+
+INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.
+
+Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are
+_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.
+
+Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+Society's Agents, or of
+
+GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
+
+99. _Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d. | Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH,
+
+BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,
+
+RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he
+replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information
+respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN,
+&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches,
+Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c.
+
+Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications
+by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS
+delivered Free by Railway.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ESTABLISHED 1841.
+
+MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,
+
+25. PALL MALL.
+
+During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand
+One Hundred and Fifty Policies_--
+
+Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and
+Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_--
+
+Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_.
+
+This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of
+Diseased Lives.
+
+Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other
+Offices.
+
+A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at
+last Division of Profits.
+
+Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June,
+1853, will participate.
+
+Agents wanted for vacant places.
+
+Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be
+obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of
+the Society's Agents in the country.
+
+  F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.
+  C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;
+also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new
+warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture
+Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment
+complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{24}
+
+THIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED,
+
+FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR July, price 2s. 6d., or by Post, 3s., containing:
+
+  The Navy of France.
+  Cayley's Las Alforjas.
+  The Tables Turned.
+  Wanted--an Owner.--Some Account of certain Bones found in a Vault beneath
+      Rothwell Church.
+  History of the Prussian Court and Aristocracy.
+  Bertha's Love.
+  Carpiana.
+  Lorenzo Benomi.
+  Chimney Pots. By a Grumbler.
+  Emily Orford. Part I.
+  Mahomet's Song.
+  Belgium, Leopold, and the Duke of Brabant.
+
+II.
+
+Dedicated by Special Permission to Her Majesty.
+
+MELIORA; or, Better Times to Come. Edited by VISCOUNT INGESTRE. THE SECOND
+SERIES, 5s., containing Contributions by
+
+  Rev. T. Beames.         |  John Leigh.
+  T. Beggs.               |  Viscount Lewisham, M.P.
+  Dr. G. Bell.            |  Rev. H. Mackenzie.
+  Earl of Carlisle.       |  Hon. and Rev. S. G. Osborne.
+  Rev. J. Field.          |  Rev. T. F. Stooks.
+  Montagu Gore.           |  Lord Teignmouth.
+  Dr. Guy.                |  Alex. Thomson.
+
+With some Papers by Working Men.
+
+MELIORA. THE FIRST SERIES. Second Edition, 5s.
+
+III.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS; or, Counsels, Civil and Moral: with a Table of the Colours
+of Good and Evil. Revised from the early Copies, with the References now
+first supplied, and a few Notes, by T. MARKBY, M.A. 1s. 6d. in cloth.
+
+By the same Editor,
+
+BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. 2s. in cloth.
+
+HOOKER'S ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. Book I. 1s. 6d.
+
+IV.
+
+ANALYSIS OF GRECIAN HISTORY. By DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A., Head Master of the
+Royal Institution, Liverpool. 2s.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+ANALYSIS OF ROMAN HISTORY. 2s.
+
+ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND OF FRENCH HISTORY. Second Edition. 2s.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
+West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--No. III. JULY.
+
+      CONTENTS:
+  1. A Trip to Leipsic Fair.
+  2. The Nurse's Tale.
+  3. Modern Spanish Poetry.--Zorilla.
+  4. Erskine's Cruise in the Pacific.
+  5. Castle Building.
+  6. Modern French Art.--Ary Scheffer.
+  7. The History of the Harp.
+  8. Evening Twilight.
+              Price One Shilling.
+
+London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+  ALBEMARLE STREET,
+  _July_ 1853.
+
+MR. MURRAY'S
+
+LIST OF NEW WORKS.
+
+I.
+
+THE CAPTIVITY OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA. From the LETTERS and JOURNALS of
+SIR HUDSON LOWE; and other official Documents, not before made public. By
+WILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A. Portrait and Map. 3 vols. 8vo. 45s.
+
+II.
+
+THE CONCLUDING VOLUMES OF THE DIARY OF GEORGE GRENVILLE, while First Lord
+of the Treasury; including unpublished LETTERS OF JUNIUS. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.
+
+III.
+
+NARRATIVE OF AN EXPLORING EXPEDITION IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA. By FRANCIS
+GALTON, ESQ. Plates and Maps. Post 8vo. 12s.
+
+IV.
+
+TEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE TUSKI; with Incidents of an Arctic Boat
+Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as far as the Mackenzie River
+and Cape Bathurst. By LIEUT. W. H. HOOPER, R.N. Plates and Map. 8vo. 14s.
+
+V.
+
+THE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, and of many who have lived there, including the
+Private Memoirs of a Family in the Time of the Civil Wars, &c. By the RIGHT
+HON. GEORGE BANKES, M.P. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+VI.
+
+A HUNTER'S SOLITARY RAMBLES AND ADVENTURES IN THE PRAIRIES. By JOHN
+PALLISER, Esq., Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+VII.
+
+A FOUR WEEKS' SUMMER TOUR IN NORWAY, during 1852. By JOHN G. HOLLWAY, ESQ.
+Fcap. 8vo. 2s.
+
+VIII.
+
+THE ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC, including the Feejees, and others
+inhabited by the Polynesian Negro Races. By CAPT. JOHN ERSKINE, R.N. Map
+and Plates. 8vo. 16s.
+
+IX.
+
+THE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES, during the CONGRESS OF VIENNA, BATTLE OF
+WATERLOO, &c. Edited by the MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. Third and last Series.
+4 vols. 8vo. 56s.
+
+X.
+
+NINEVEH AND BABYLON: Being the Result of a SECOND EXPEDITION TO ASSYRIA,
+with RESEARCHES at NINEVEH and BABYLON. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, M.P. 12th
+Thousand. Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 21s.
+
+XI.
+
+HISTORY OF GREECE. Continued from the Accession to the Death of Philip of
+Macedon. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vol. XI. 8vo. 16s. (The 12th Volume will
+complete the work.)
+
+XII.
+
+A HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the PEACE OF UTRECHT. By LORD MAHON. Library
+Edition. Vols. I. to VI. 8vo. 78s.
+
+XIII.
+
+LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Cheap and Popular Edition. Vols. I. to IV.
+Post 8vo. 6s. each.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, price 4s. 6d. By Post, 5s.
+
+THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By PHILIP
+DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by the
+Collodion Process. This Manual contains much practical information of a
+valuable nature.
+
+JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, Second enlarged Edition, 8vo., cloth boards, 8s.
+
+WILLIAMS' NEW ZEALAND DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR. Dictionary of the New Zealand
+or Maori language. Two Parts. With a Grammar and Colloquial Phrases. By the
+REV. W. WILLIAMS, Archdeacon of Waiapu.
+
+WILLIAMS & NORGATE. 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NIBELUNGEN IN ENGLISH VERSE.
+
+THE FALL OF THE NIBELUNGERS, otherwise the Book of Kriemhild: a Translation
+of the Nibelungen Not, or Nibelungenlied. By W. NANSON LETTSOM, Esq. 8vo.,
+cloth boards, 10s. 6d.
+
+London: WILLIAMS & NORGATE,
+14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN intending to publish, either Volumes or Pamphlets,
+during the approaching season, may enter into arrangements with a PUBLISHER
+of experience and energy, who will use his most zealous endeavours to
+promote the literary and commercial success of works confided to his care.
+
+Address to BETA, care of MR. HARRILD, Printer, Silver Street, Falcon
+Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of
+the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his
+practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection
+of spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve
+the sight to extreme old age.
+
+ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the
+Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so
+constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface
+of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a
+telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than
+could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on
+application to
+
+WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dustan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 2.
+1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 8, "a medal won by an officer": 'a medal worn ...' in original
+(corrected, Issue 196).
+
+page 14, "cum tribus principalioribus digitis": 'principalionibus' in
+original
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2,
+1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28474]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 1 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page1"></a>{1}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 192.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, July 2. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Oblation of a white Bull</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page1">1</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Newstead Abbey, by W. S. Hasleden</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page2">2</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>On a celebrated Passage in "Romeo and Juliet," Act III. Sc. 2., by
+      S. W. Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page3">3</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>On the Passage from "King Lear"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page4">4</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Manners of the Irish, by H. T. Ellacombe, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page4">4</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Burial in an Erect
+      Posture&mdash;The Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout,
+      1571&mdash;The last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in
+      Canada&mdash;National Methods of applauding&mdash;Curious Posthumous
+      Occurrence</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page5">5</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Did Captain Cook first discover the Sandwich Islands? by J. S.
+      Warden</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page6">6</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Superstition of the Cornish Miners</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page7">7</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Clerical
+      Duel&mdash;Pistol&mdash;Council of Laodicea, Canon
+      35.&mdash;Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth&mdash;Park the
+      Antiquary&mdash;Honorary D.C.L.'s&mdash;Battle of Villers en
+      Couché&mdash;Dr. Misaubin&mdash;Kemble, Willet, and
+      Forbes&mdash;Piccalyly&mdash;Post-Office about 1770&mdash;"Carefully
+      examined and well-authenticated"&mdash;Sir Heister
+      Ryley&mdash;Effigies with folded Hands</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page7">7</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Passage
+      in Bishop Horsley&mdash;"Marry come up!"&mdash;Dover
+      Court&mdash;Porter&mdash;Dr. Whitaker's ingenious
+      Earl&mdash;Dissimulate</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page9">9</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bishop Ken, by the Rev. J. H. Markland</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page10">10</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by James Graves</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page11">11</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Coleridge's Christabel, by J. S. Warden</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page11">11</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Its</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page12">12</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Family of Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page12">12</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books of Emblems&mdash;Jacob Behmen, by C. Mansfield Ingleby</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page13">13</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Raffaelle's Sposalizio</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page14">14</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Windfall</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page14">14</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Mr. Justice Newton, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe and F. Kyffin
+      Lenthall</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page15">15</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Mr.
+      Lyte's Treatment of Positives&mdash;Stereoscopic Angles&mdash;Query
+      respecting Mr. Pollock's Process&mdash;Gallo-nitrate of Silver</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page15">15</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Verney
+      Note decyphered&mdash;Emblems by John Bunyan&mdash;Mr. Cobb's
+      Diary&mdash;"Sat cito si sat bene"&mdash;Mythe versus Myth&mdash;The
+      Gilbert Family&mdash;Alexander Clark&mdash;Christ's Cross&mdash;The
+      Rebellious Prayer&mdash;"To the Lords of Convention"&mdash;Wooden
+      Tombs and Effigies&mdash;Lord Clarendon and the
+      Tubwoman&mdash;House-marks&mdash;"Amentium haud amantium"&mdash;The
+      Megatherium in the British Museum&mdash;Pictorial
+      Proverbs&mdash;"Hurrah," and other War-cries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page17">17</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page20">20</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page21">21</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page21">21</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page21">21</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>OBLATION OF A WHITE BULL.</h3>
+
+  <p>By lease dated 28th April, 1533, the Abbat of St. Edmund's Bury
+  demised to John Wright, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of Bury, the
+  manor of Haberdon appurtenant to the office of Sacrist in that monastery,
+  with four acres in the Vynefeld, for twenty years, at the rent of
+  5<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i> to the Sacrist; the tenants also to find a white
+  bull every year of their term, as often as it should happen that any
+  gentlewoman, or any other woman, should, out of devotion, visit the
+  shrine of the glorious king and martyr of St. Edmund, and wish to make
+  the oblation of a white bull. (Dodsw. Coll. in <i>Bibl. Bodl.</i>, vol.
+  lxxi. f. 72.)</p>
+
+  <p>If we are to understand a white bull of the ancient race of wild white
+  cattle, it may be inferred, I suppose, that in some forest in the
+  vicinity of Bury St. Edmund's they had not disappeared in the first half
+  of the sixteenth century. The wild cattle, probably indigenous to the
+  great Caledonian forest, seem to have become extinct in a wild state
+  before the time of Leland, excepting where preserved in certain ancient
+  parks, as Chillingham Park, Northumberland, Gisburne Park in Craven,
+  &amp;c., where they were, and in the former at all events still are,
+  maintained in their original purity of breed. They were preserved on the
+  lands of some abbeys; for instance, by the Abbats of Whalley,
+  Lancashire.</p>
+
+  <p>Whitaker (<i>History of Craven</i>, p. 34.) mentions Gisburne Park as
+  chiefly remarkable for a herd of wild cattle, descendants of that
+  indigenous race which once roamed in the great forests of Lancashire, and
+  they are said by some other writer to have been originally brought to
+  Gisburne from Whalley after the dissolution. One of the descendants of
+  Robert de Brus, the founder of Gainsborough Priory, is stated by Matthew
+  Paris to have conciliated King John with a present of white cattle. The
+  woods of Chillingham Castle are celebrated at this day for the breed of
+  this remarkable race, by which they are inhabited; and I believe there
+  are three or four other places in which they are preserved.</p>
+
+  <p>In the form and direction of the horns, these famous wild white oxen
+  seem to be living <!-- Page 2 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page2"></a>{2}</span>representatives of the race whose bones are
+  found in a fossil state in England and some parts of the Continent in the
+  "diluvium" bone-caves, mixed with the bones of bears, hyenas, and other
+  wild animals, now the cotemporaries of the Bos Gour, or Asiatic Ox, upon
+  mountainous slopes of Western India. I have read that white cattle
+  resembling the wild cattle of Chillingham exist in Italy, and that it has
+  been doubted whether our British wild cattle are descendants of an
+  aboriginal race, or were imported by ecclesiastics from Italy. But this
+  seems unlikely, because they were not so easily brought over as the
+  Pope's <i>bulls</i> (the pun is quite unavoidable), and were undoubtedly
+  inhabitants of our ancient forests at a very early period.</p>
+
+  <p>However, my present object is only to inquire for any other instances
+  of the custom of offering a white bull in honour of a Christian saint.
+  Perhaps some of your correspondents would elucidate this singular
+  oblation.</p>
+
+  <p>I am not able to refer to Col. Hamilton Smith's work on the mythology
+  and ancient history of the ox, which may possibly notice this kind of
+  offering.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. S. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>NEWSTEAD ABBEY.</h3>
+
+  <p>The descent of property, like the family pedigree, occasionally
+  exhibits the most extraordinary disruptions; and to those who may be
+  ignorant of the cause, the effect may appear as romance. I have been
+  particularly struck with the two interesting papers contained in the
+  April number of the <i>Archæological Journal</i>, having reference to the
+  Newstead Abbey estate, formerly the property of Lord Byron's family,
+  which, amongst other matters, contain some severe remarks on the conduct
+  of one of its proprietors, the great uncle and predecessor of our great
+  poet, and having reference to dilapidation. Mr. Pettigrew, in his paper,
+  states that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Family differences, particularly during the time of the fifth Lord
+  Byron, <i>of eccentric and unsocial manners</i>, suffered and even aided
+  the dilapidations of time. The castellated stables and offices are,
+  however, yet to be seen."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And Mr. Ashpitel adds that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The state of Newstead at the time the poet succeeded to the estate is
+  not generally known: '<i>the wicked lord</i>' had felled all the noble
+  oaks, destroyed the finest herds of deer, and, in short, had denuded the
+  estate of everything he could. The hirelings of the attorney did the
+  rest: they stripped away all the furniture, and everything the law would
+  permit them to remove. The buildings on the east side were unroofed; the
+  old Xenodochium, and the grand refectory, were full of hay; and the
+  entrance-hall and monks' parlour were stable for cattle. In the only
+  habitable part of the building, a place then used as a sort of scullery,
+  under the only roof that kept out wet of all this vast pile, the fifth
+  Lord Byron breathed his last; and to this inheritance the poet
+  succeeded."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is not necessary for me to refer to the lofty expression of the
+  poet's feelings on such his inheritance, nor to the necessity of his
+  parting from the estate, which appears now to be happily restored to its
+  former splendour; but possessing some knowledge of a lamentable fact,
+  that neither Mr. Pettigrew nor Mr. Ashpitel appears to be aware of, I
+  feel inclined to soften the asperity of the reflections quoted; and
+  palliate, although I may not justify, the apparently reckless proceedings
+  of the eccentric fifth Lord, as he is called. In the years 1796 and 1797,
+  after finishing my clerkship, I had a seat in the chambers of the late
+  Jas. Hanson, Esq., an eminent conveyancer of Lincoln's Inn; and while
+  with him, amongst other peers of the realm who came to consult Mr. Hanson
+  regarding their property, we had this <i>eccentric</i> fifth Lord Byron,
+  who apparently came up to town for the purpose, and under the most
+  painful and pitiable load of distress,&mdash;and I must confess that I
+  felt for him exceedingly; but his case was past remedy, and, after some
+  daily attendance, pouring forth his lamentations, he appears to have
+  returned home to subside into the reckless operations reported of him.
+  His case was this:&mdash;Upon the marriage of his son, he, as any other
+  father would do, granted a settlement of his property, including the
+  Newstead Abbey estate; but by some unaccountable inadvertence or
+  negligence of the lawyers employed, the ultimate reversion of the
+  fee-simple of the property, instead of being left, as it ought to have
+  been, in the father as the owner of the estates, was limited to the heirs
+  of the son. And upon his death, and failure of the issue of the marriage,
+  the unfortunate father, <i>this eccentric lord</i>, found himself robbed
+  of the fee-simple of his own inheritance, and left merely the naked
+  tenant for life, without any legal power of raising money upon it, or
+  even of cutting down a tree. It is so many years ago, that I now do not
+  remember the detail of what passed on these consultations, but it would
+  appear, that if the lawyers were aware of the effect of the final
+  limitation, neither father nor son appear to have been informed of it, or
+  the result might have been corrected, and his lordship would probably
+  have kept up the estate in its proper order. Whether this case was at all
+  a promoting cause of the alteration of the law, I do not know; but, as
+  the law now stands, the estate would revert back to the father as heir of
+  this son. This case made a lasting impression on me, and I once had to
+  correct a similar erroneous proposition in a large intended settlement;
+  and I quoted this unfortunate accident as an authority. Now, although
+  this relation may not fully justify the reckless waste that appears to
+  have been committed, it certainly is a palliative. I do not recollect
+  whether <!-- Page 3 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page3"></a>{3}</span>our fifth lord had any surviving daughter to
+  provide for; but if he had, his situation would be a still more
+  aggravated position.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. S. Hasleden</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ON A CELEBRATED PASSAGE IN "ROMEO AND JULIET," ACT III. SC. 2.</h3>
+
+  <p>Few passages in Shakspeare have so often and so ineffectually been
+  "winnowed" as the opening of the beautiful and passionate soliloquy of
+  Juliet, when ardently and impatiently invoking night's return, which was
+  to bring her newly betrothed lover to her arms. It stands thus in the
+  first folio, from which the best quarto differs only in a few unimportant
+  points of orthography:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Gallop apace, you fiery footed steedes,</p>
+      <p>Towards Ph&oelig;bus' lodging, such a wagoner</p>
+      <p>As Phaeton should whip you to the wish,</p>
+      <p>And bring in cloudie night immediately.</p>
+      <p>Spred thy close curtaine, Loue-performing night,</p>
+      <p>That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo</p>
+      <p>Leape to these armes, untalkt of and unseene", &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The older commentators do not attempt to change the word
+  <i>run-awayes</i>, but seek to explain it. Warburton says Ph&oelig;bus is
+  the runaway. Steevens has a long argument to prove that Night is the
+  runaway. Douce thought Juliet herself was the runaway; and at a later
+  period the Rev. Mr. Halpin, in a very elegant and ingenious essay,
+  attempts to prove that by the runaway we must understand Cupid.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Knight</span> and <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Collier</span> have both of them adopted Jackson's conjecture of
+  <i>unawares</i>, and have admitted it to the honour of a place in the
+  text, but <span class="sc">Mr. Dyce</span> has pronounced it to be
+  "villainous;" and it must be confessed that it has nothing but a slight
+  similarity to the old word to recommend it. <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Dyce</span> himself has favoured us with three suggestions; the first two
+  in his <i>Remarks on Collier and Knight's Shakspeare</i>, in 1844, where
+  he says&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That <i>ways</i> (the last syllable of <i>run-aways</i>) ought to be
+  <i>days</i>, I feel next to certain; but what word originally preceded it
+  I do not pretend to determine:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night!</p>
+      <p>That rude/soon (?) Day's eyes may wink, and Romeo</p>
+      <p>Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen,' &amp;c."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The correctors of <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>'s folio having
+  substituted&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"That <i>enemies</i> eyes may wink,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dyce</span>, in his recent <i>Few Notes</i>,
+  properly rejects that reading, and submits another conjecture of his own,
+  founded on the supposition that the word <i>roving</i> having been
+  written illegibly, <i>roavinge</i> was mistaken for <i>run-awayes</i>,
+  and proposes to read&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"That <i>roving</i> eyes may wink."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Every suggestion of <span class="sc">Mr. Dyce</span>, certainly the
+  most competent of living commentators on Shakspeare, merits attention;
+  but I cannot say that I think he has succeeded in either of his proposed
+  readings.</p>
+
+  <p>Monck Mason seems to have had the clearest notion of the requirements
+  of the passage. He saw that "the word, whatever the meaning of it might
+  be, was intended as a proper name;" but he was not happy in suggesting
+  <i>renomy</i>, a French word with an English termination.</p>
+
+  <p>In the course of his note he mentions that Heath, "the author of the
+  <i>Revisal</i>, reads '<i>Rumour's</i> eyes may wink;' which agrees in
+  sense with the rest of the passage, but differs widely from
+  <i>run-aways</i> in the trace of the letters."</p>
+
+  <p>I was not conscious of having seen this suggestion of Heath's, when,
+  in consequence of a question put to me by a gentleman of distinguished
+  taste and learning, I turned my thoughts to the passage, and at length
+  came to the conclusion that the word must have been <i>rumourers</i>, and
+  that from its unfrequent occurrence (the only other example of it at
+  present known to me being one afforded by the poet) the printer mistook
+  it for <i>runawayes</i>; which, when written indistinctly, it may have
+  strongly resembled. I therefore think that we may read with some
+  confidence:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Spread thy close curtains, love-performing Night,</p>
+      <p>That <i>rumourers'</i> eyes may wink, and Romeo</p>
+      <p>Leap to these arms, <i>untalk'd of</i> and <i>unseen</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>It fulfils the requirements of both metre and sense, and the words
+  <i>untalk'd of</i> and <i>unseen</i> make it nearly indisputable. I had
+  at first thought it might be "<i>rumorous</i> eyes;" but the
+  personification would then be wanting. Shakspeare has personified
+  <i>Rumour</i> in the Introduction to the Second Part of <i>King Henry
+  IV.</i>; and in <i>Coriolanus</i>, Act IV. Sc. 6., we have&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Go see this <i>rumourer</i> whipp'd."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>I am gratified by seeing that I have anticipated your able
+  correspondent, the <span class="sc">Rev. Mr. Arrowsmith</span>, in his
+  elucidation of "<i>clamour</i> your tongues," by citing the same passage
+  from Udall's <i>Apophthegmes</i>, in my <i>Vindication of the Text of
+  Shakspeare</i>, p. 79. It is a pleasure which must console me for having
+  subjected myself to his just animadversion on another occasion. If those
+  who so egregiously blunder are to be spared the castigation justly
+  merited, we see by late occurrences to what it may lead; and your
+  correspondent, in my judgment, is conferring a favour on all true lovers
+  of our great poet by exposing pretension and error, from whatever quarter
+  it may come,&mdash;a duty which has been sadly neglected in some late
+  partial reviews of <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>'s "clever"
+  corrector. <span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span>'s communications have
+  been so truly <i>ad rem</i>, that I think I shall be expressing the
+  sentiments of all your readers interested in such <!-- Page 4 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page4"></a>{4}</span>matters, in expressing an
+  earnest desire for their continuance.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Mickleham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ON THE PASSAGE FROM "KING LEAR."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 592.)</p>
+
+  <p>Will you allow me to suggest to your ingenious Leeds correspondent
+  (whose communications would be read with only the more pleasure if they
+  evinced a little more respect for the opinions of others) that before he
+  asserts the existence of a certain error which he points out in a passage
+  in <i>King Lear</i> to be "undeniable," it would be desirable that he
+  should support this improved reading by other passages from Shakspeare,
+  or from cotemporary writers, in which the word he proposes occurs? For my
+  own part, I think A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B.'s suggestion well worthy of consideration, but
+  I cannot admit that it "demonstrates itself," or "that any attempt to
+  support it by argument would be absurd," for it would unquestionably
+  strengthen his case to show that the verb "recuse" was not entirely
+  obsolete in Shakspeare's time. Neither can I admit that there is an
+  "obvious opposition between <i>means</i> and <i>defects</i>," the two
+  words having no relation to each other. The question is, which of two
+  words must be altered; and at present I must own I am inclined to put
+  more faith in the authority of "the old corrector" than in A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B.</p>
+
+  <p>Having taken up my pen on this subject, allow me to remark upon the
+  manner in which <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span>'s folio is referred
+  to by your correspondent. I have carefully considered many of the
+  emendations proposed, and feel in my own mind satisfied that <i>so great
+  a number</i> that, in the words of your correspondent, <i>demonstrate
+  themselves</i>, could not have been otherwise than adopted from some
+  authority. Even in the instance of the passage from Henry V., "on a table
+  of green friese," which A.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;B. selects, I presume, as being especially
+  absurd, I think "the old corrector" right; although I had frequently
+  cited Theobald's correction as particularly happy, and therefore the new
+  version was at first to me very distasteful. But, whatever opinion may be
+  held as to the value of the book, it is surely unbecoming to the
+  discussion of a literary question to indulge in the unsparing
+  insinuations that have been thrown out on all sides respecting it. I
+  leave out of question the circumstance, that the long and great services
+  of <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> ought to protect him at least from
+  such unworthy treatment.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson.</span></p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;Since writing the above, I have seen <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Keightley</span>'s letter. I hope he will not deprive the readers of "N.
+  &amp; Q." of the benefit of his valuable communications for the offences
+  of one or two. He might consider, first, that his own dignity would
+  suffer least by letting them pass by him "as the idle wind;" and,
+  secondly, that some allowance should be made for gentlemen who engage in
+  controversy on a subject which, strangely enough, next to religion, seems
+  to be most productive of discord.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. H.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;</p>
+      <p>I stumbled when I saw. Full oft 'tis seen</p>
+      <p>Our means <i>secure</i> us; and our mere defects</p>
+      <p>Prove our commodities."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Does not Shakspeare here use <i>secure</i> as a verb, in the sense "to
+  make careless?" If so, the passage would mean, "Our means," that is, our
+  power, our strength, make us wanting in care and vigilance, and too
+  self-confident. Gloucester says, "I stumbled when I saw;" meaning, When I
+  had eyes I walked carelessly; when I had the "means" of seeing and
+  avoiding stumbling-blocks, I stumbled and fell, because I walked without
+  care and watchfulness. Then he adds, "And our mere defects prove our
+  commodities." Our deficiencies, our weaknesses (the sense of them), make
+  us use such care and exertions as to prove advantages to us. Thus the
+  antithesis is preserved.</p>
+
+  <p>How scriptural is the first part of the passage!</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall."&mdash;1
+  Cor. x. 12.</p>
+
+  <p>"He hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down; there
+  shall no harm happen unto me."&mdash;Ps. x. 6.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The second part is also scriptural:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"My strength is made perfect in weakness."&mdash;2 Cor. xii. 9.</p>
+
+  <p>"When I am weak then am I strong."&mdash;2 Cor. xii. 10.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In <i>Timon of Athens</i> we find <i>secure</i> used as verb
+  "<i>Secure</i> thy heart."&mdash;Act II. Sc. 2.</p>
+
+  <p>Again, in <i>Othello</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I do not so <i>secure</i> me in the error."&mdash;Act I. Sc. 3.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Du Cange's <i>Gloss.</i> is the verb "<i>Securare</i> nudè pro
+  securum reddere." In the "Alter Index sive Glossarium" of Ainsworth's
+  <i>Dictionary</i> is the verb "<i>Securo</i>, as ... to live carelessly."
+  In the "Verba partim Græca Latinè scripta, partim barbara," &amp;c., is
+  "<i>Securo</i>, as securum reddo."</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>means</i> of the hare in the fable for the race (that is, her
+  swiftness) <i>secured</i> her; the defects of the tortoise (her slowness)
+  proved her <i>commodity</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. W. J.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MANNERS OF THE IRISH.</h3>
+
+  <p>The following are extracts from a MS. volume of the sixteenth century,
+  containing, <i>inter alia</i>, notes of the Manners and Superstitions of
+  the <!-- Page 5 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page5"></a>{5}</span>Celtic Irish. Some of our readers may be able
+  to elucidate the obscure references:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The Irish men they have a farme,</p>
+      <p>They kepp the bread,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And make <i>boyranne</i>.</p>
+      <p>They make butter and eatt <i>molchan</i>.</p>
+      <p>And when they haue donne</p>
+      <p class="i1">They have noe shamm.</p>
+      <p>They burne the strawe and make <i>loisbran</i>.</p>
+      <p>They eatt the flesh and drinke the broth,</p>
+      <p>And when they have done they say</p>
+      <p><i>Deo gracias is smar in Doieagh</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The next appears to be a scrap of a woman's song:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Birch and keyre 'tis wal veyre a spyunyng deye a towme.</p>
+      <p>I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme.</p>
+      <p>Justice Deyruse in my lopp, and senscal in my roame," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>John Devereux was Justiciary of the Palatinate Liberty of Wexford in
+  the early part of Henry VIII.'s reign. That Palatinate was then governed
+  by a seneschal or "senscal." The justice would seem to have been a
+  gallant and <i>sensual</i> man, and the song may have been a little
+  satirical. Among the notes of the "Manners" of the Irish, it is declared
+  that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Sett them a farme&mdash;the grandfather, father, son, and they clayme
+  it as their own: if not, they goe to rebellion."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Will any antiquary versed in Celtic customs explain whether this claim
+  of possession grew out of any Celtic usage of tenancy? And also point out
+  authorities bearing upon the customs of Celtic agricultural tenancy?</p>
+
+  <p>The next extract bears upon the communication at Vol. vii., p.
+  332.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"An <i>Ultagh</i> hath three purses. He runneth behind dore to draw
+  his money: one cutteth the throte of another."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Now, was an <i>Ultagh</i> an Irish usurer or money-lender? Your
+  correspondent at page 332. requests information respecting Roger Outlaw.
+  Sir William Betham, in a note to the "Proceedings against Dame Alice
+  Ugteler," the famous pseudo-Kilkenny witch, remarks that "the family of
+  Utlagh were seated in Dublin, and filled several situations in the
+  corporation." Utlagh and Outlaw are the same surnames. The named Utlagh
+  also occurs in the Calendar of Printed Irish Patent Rolls. William
+  Utlagh, or Outlaw, was a <i>banker</i> and <i>money-lender</i> in
+  Kilkenny, in the days of Edward I. He was the first husband of the witch,
+  and brother of Friar Roger Outlaw. In favour of the latter, who was Prior
+  of Kilmainham, near Dublin, a mandamus, dated 10 Edw. II., was issued for
+  arrears due to him since he was "justice and chancellor, and even
+  lieutenant of the justiciary, as well in the late king's time as of the
+  present king's." He was appointed Lord Justice, or deputy to the Lord
+  Lieutenant, by patent dated Mar. 15, 9 Edw. III.</p>
+
+  <p>Many of the Irish records having been lost, your correspondent will do
+  an obliging service in pointing out the repository of the discovered
+  roll. Perhaps steps might be taken for its restoration.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following communication from our valued correspondent, the <span
+  class="sc">Rev. H.&nbsp;T. Ellacombe</span>, affords at once a satisfactory
+  reply to H's Query, and a proof of the utility of "N. &amp; Q."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Roger Outlawe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 559.).&mdash;Thanks to <span
+  class="sc">Anon.</span> and others for their information.</p>
+
+  <p>As for "in viiij mense," I cannot understand it: I copied it as it was
+  sent to me. B. Etii was an error of the press for R. Etii, but I
+  purposely avoided noticing it, because my very first communication on the
+  subject to "N. &amp; Q.," under my own name and address, opened a very
+  pleasing correspondence, which has since led to the restoration of these
+  Irish documents to their congeners among the public records in Dublin; a
+  gentleman having set out most chivalrously from that city at his own cost
+  to recover them, and I am happy to say he has succeeded; and in the
+  <i>English Quarterly Magazine</i> there will soon appear, I believe, an
+  account of the documents in question. It would not, therefore, become me
+  to give in this place the explanation which has been kindly communicated
+  to me as to the meaning of the last conquest of Ireland; but I have no
+  doubt it will be explained in the <i>English Quarterly</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Burial in an erect Posture.</i>&mdash;In the north transept of
+  Stanton Harcourt Church, Oxon, the burial-place of the Harcourt family,
+  is a circular slab of blue marble in the pavement, in which is inlaid a
+  shield of brass bearing the arms of Harcourt,&mdash;two bars, dimidiated
+  with those of Beke; the latter, when entire, forming a cros ancrée. The
+  brass is not engraved, but forms the outline of the shield and arms. It
+  is supposed to be the monument of Sir John, son of Sir Richard Harcourt
+  and Margaret Beke, who died 1330. (See extracts from Lord Harcourt's
+  "Account," in the <i>Oxford Architectural Guide</i>, p. 178.) Tradition
+  relates, if my memory does not mislead me, that the knight was buried
+  beneath this stone in an erect posture, but assigns no reason for this
+  peculiarity. Is the probability of this being the case supported by any,
+  and what instances? Or does the legend merely owe its existence to the
+  circular form of the stone? <!-- Page 6 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page6"></a>{6}</span>I think that its diameter is about two feet.
+  If <span class="sc">Mr. Fraser</span> has not met with the information
+  already, he may be interested, with reference to his Query on
+  "Dimidiation" (Vol. vii., p. 548.), in learning that the above mentioned
+  Margaret was daughter and coheiress of John Lord Beke of Eresby, who by
+  his will, made the 29th of Edw. I., devised the remainder of his arms to
+  be divided between Sir Robert de Willoughby and Sir John de Harcourt. And
+  this may lead to the farther Query, whether dimidiation was originally or
+  universally resorted to in the case of coheiresses?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout</i>,
+  1571.&mdash;Extracted from a letter from Thomas Lancaster, Archbishop of
+  Armagh, to Lord Burghley, dated from Dublin, March 25, 1571:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I am sorofull for that yo<sup>r</sup> honor is greved w<sup>th</sup>
+  the goute, from the w<sup>ch</sup> I beseche Almighty God deliver you,
+  and send you health; and yf (it) shall please y<sup>r</sup> honor to
+  prove a medicen for the same w<sup>ch</sup> I brought owt of Duchland,
+  and have eased many w<sup>th</sup> it, I trust in God it shall also do
+  you good, and this it is. Take ij spaniel whelpes of ij dayes olde, scald
+  them, and cause the entrells betaken out, but wash them not. Take 4
+  ounces brymstone, 4 ounces torpentyn, 1 ounce parmacete, a handfull
+  nettells, and a quantyte of oyle of balme, and putt all the aforesayd in
+  them stamped, and sowe them up and rost them, and take the dropes and
+  anoynt you wheare your grefe is, and by God's grace yo<sup>r</sup> honor
+  shall fynd helpe."&mdash;<i>From the Original in the State Paper
+  Office.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Spes.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in
+  Canada.</i>&mdash;In a recent number of the <i>Montreal Herald</i>,
+  mention is made of more than twenty persons whose ages exceed one hundred
+  years. The editor remarks that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The most venerable patriarch now in Canada is Abraham Miller, who
+  resides in the township of Grey, and is 115 years old. In 1758 he scaled
+  the cliffs of Quebec with General Wolfe, so that his residence in Canada
+  is coincident with British rule in the province. He is attached to the
+  Indians, and lives in all respects like them."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>National Methods of Applauding.</i>&mdash;Clapping with the hands
+  is going out of use in the United States, and stamping with the feet is
+  taking its place. When Mr. Combe was lecturing on phrenology at the
+  Museum building in Philadelphia twelve or thirteen years ago, he and his
+  auditors were much annoyed by the <i>pedal</i> applause of a company in
+  the room above, who were listening to the concerts of a negro band.
+  Complaint was made to the authorities of the Museum Society; but the
+  answer was, that nothing could be done, as stamping of the feet was "the
+  national method of applauding."</p>
+
+  <p>The crying of "hear him! hear him!" during the delivery of a speech,
+  is not in use in the United States, as an English gentleman discovered
+  who settled here a few years ago. He attended a meeting of the members of
+  the church to which he had attached himself, and hearing something said
+  that pleased him, he cried out "hear him! hear him!" Upon which the
+  sexton came over to him, and told him that, unless he kept himself quiet,
+  he would be under the necessity of turning him out of church.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. E.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Curious Posthumous Occurrence.</i>&mdash;If the following be true,
+  though in ever so limited a manner, it deserves investigation.
+  Notwithstanding his twenty-three years' experience, the worthy
+  grave-digger must have been mistaken, unless there is something peculiar
+  in the bodies of Bath people! But if the face turns down in any instance,
+  as asserted, it would be right to ascertain the cause, and why this
+  change is not general. It is now above twenty years since the paragraph
+  appeared in the London papers:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A correspondent in the <i>Bath Herald</i> states the following
+  singular circumstance:&mdash;'Having occasion last week to inspect a
+  grave in one of the parishes of this city, in which two or three members
+  of a family had been buried some years since, and which lay in very wet
+  ground, I observed that the upper part of the coffin was rotted away, and
+  had left the head and bones of the skull exposed to view. On inquiring of
+  the grave-digger how it came to pass that I did not observe the usual
+  sockets of the eyes in the skull, he replied that what I saw was the hind
+  part of the head (termed the <i>occiput</i>, I believe, by anatomists),
+  and that the face was turned, as usual, to the earth!!&mdash;Not exactly
+  understanding his phrase 'as usual,' I inquired if the body had been
+  buried with the face upwards, as in the ordinary way; to which he replied
+  to my astonishment, in the affirmative, adding, that in the course of
+  decomposition the face of every individual turns to the earth!! and that,
+  in the experience of three-and-twenty years in his situation, he had
+  never known more than one instance to the contrary.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">A. B. C.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>DID CAPTAIN COOK FIRST DISCOVER THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?</h3>
+
+  <p>In a French atlas, dated 1762, in my possession, amongst the numerous
+  non-existing islands laid down in the map of the Pacific, and the still
+  more numerous cases of omission inevitable at so early a period of
+  Polynesian discovery, there is inserted an island styled "I. St.
+  François," or "I.&nbsp;S. Francisco," which lies in <!-- Page 7 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page7"></a>{7}</span>about 20° N. and 224° E.
+  from the meridian of Ferro, and, of course, almost exactly in the
+  situation of Owhyhee. That this large and lofty group may have been seen
+  by some other voyager long before, is far from improbable; but, beyond a
+  question, Cooke was the first to visit, describe, and lay them down
+  correctly in our maps. Professor Meyen, however, as quoted in Johnston's
+  <i>Physical Atlas</i>, mentions these islands in terms which would almost
+  lead one to suppose that he, the Professor, considered them to have been
+  known to the Spaniards in Anson's time or earlier, and that they had been
+  regular calling places for the galleons in those days! It is difficult to
+  conceive such a man capable of such a mistake; but if he did not suppose
+  them to have been discovered before Cook's voyage in 1778, his words are
+  singularly calculated to deceive the reader on that point.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SUPERSTITION OF THE CORNISH MINERS.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Kingsley</span> records a superstition of the
+  Cornish miners, which I have not seen noted elsewhere. In reply to the
+  question, "What are the <i>Knockers</i>?" Tregarva answers:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"They are <i>the ghosts</i>, the miners hold, <i>of the Old Jews that
+  crucified our Lord, and were sent for slaves by the Roman emperors to
+  work the mines</i>: and we find their old smelting-houses, which we call
+  <i>Jews' houses</i>, and their blocks of the bottom of the great bogs,
+  which we call <i>Jews' tin</i>: and then, a town among us, too, which we
+  call <i>Market Jew</i>, but the old name was <i>Marazion</i>, that means
+  the Bitterness of Zion, they tell me; and bitter work it was for them no
+  doubt, poor souls! We used to break into the old shafts and adits which
+  they had made, and find old stags-horn pickaxes, that crumbled to pieces
+  when we brought them to grass. And they say that if a man will listen of
+  a still night about those old shafts, he may hear the ghosts of them at
+  working, knocking, and picking, as clear as if there was a man at work in
+  the next level."&mdash;<i>Yeast; a Problem</i>: Lond. 1851, p. 255.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Miners, as a class, are peculiarly susceptible of impressions of the
+  unseen world, and the superstitions entertained by them in different
+  parts of the world would form a curious volume. Is there any work on
+  Cornish folk lore which alludes to this superstition respecting the Jews?
+  It would be useless, I dare say, to consult Carew, or Borlase; besides, I
+  have not them by me.</p>
+
+  <p>Apropos to Cornish matters, a dictionary with a very tempting title
+  was advertised for publication two or three years ago:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Geslevar Cernewac, a Dictionary of the Cornish Dialect of the Cymraeg
+  or ancient British Language, in which the words are elucidated by
+  numerous examples from the Cornish works now remaining, with translations
+  in English: and the synonyms in Welsh, Armoric, Irish, Gaelic, and Manx,
+  so as to form a Celtic Lexicon. By the Rev. Robert Williams, M.A., Oxon.,
+  to be published in one vol. 4to. price 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>When shall we see this desirable lexicon? I was reminded of it the
+  other day by hearing of the subscriptions on foot for the publication of
+  the great Irish dictionary, which the eminent Irish scholars Messrs.
+  O'Donovan and Curry have had in hand for many years.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Clerical Duel.</i>&mdash;I shall be obliged to any correspondent
+  who will supply the name of the courtier referred to in the following
+  anecdote, which is to be found in Burckhardt's <i>Kirchen-Geschichte der
+  Deutschen Gemeinden in London</i>, Tub. 1798, p. 77.</p>
+
+  <p>Anton Wilhelm Böhme, who came over as chaplain with Prince George of
+  Denmark, officiated at the German Chapel, St. James's, from the year 1705
+  to 1722. He was a favourite of Queen Anne, and a friend of Isaac Watts.
+  On one occasion he preached against adultery in a way which gave great
+  offence to one of the courtiers present, who conceived that a personal
+  attack on himself was intended. He accordingly sent a challenge to the
+  preacher, which was without hesitation accepted; and at the time and
+  place appointed the chaplain made his appearance in full canonicals, with
+  his Bible in his hand, and gave the challenger a lecture which led to
+  their reconciliation and friendship.</p>
+
+  <p>I should like also to know whether there is any other authority for
+  the story than that which I leave quoted.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. R. Maitland</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Gloucester</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pistol.</i>&mdash;What is the date of the original introduction of
+  this word into our vocabulary in either of the senses in which it is
+  equivocally used by Falstaff in 1 <i>Henry IV.</i>, Act. V. Sc. 3.? In
+  the sense of fire-arms, pistols seem to have been unknown by that name as
+  late as the year 1541; for the stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 6., after reciting
+  the murders, &amp;c. committed "with cross-bows, little short hand-guns,
+  and little hagbuts," prohibits the possession of "any hand-gun other than
+  such as shall be in the stock and gun of the length of one whole yard, or
+  any hagbut or demihake other than such as shall be in the stock and gun
+  of the length of three quarters of one yard." But throughout the act
+  there is no mention of the word "pistol."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Council of Laodicca, Canon 35.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers
+  inform me whether, in any early work on the Councils, the word
+  <i>angelos</i> is in the text, without having <i>angulos</i> in the
+  margin? If so, oblige me by stating the editions.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus (D).</span></p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 8 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page8"></a>{8}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth.</i>&mdash;The Bath and West of
+  England Agricultural Society held their recent annual meeting here. Will
+  any of your correspondents oblige me with the derivation of this
+  remarkable word?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. H. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Park the Antiquary.</i>&mdash;In a note to the third volume (p.
+  lxxiii.) of the <i>Grenville Correspondence</i> the following passage:
+  "Barker has printed a second note, which Junius is supposed to have
+  written to Garrick, upon the authority of Park the antiquary, <i>who
+  states</i> that he found it in a <i>cotemporary newspaper</i>," &amp;c.
+  This is not strictly correct. Barker says (p. 190.), "The letter was
+  found in a copy of Junius belonging to [Query, which <i>had</i> belonged
+  to?] T. Park, &amp;c. He had [Query, it is presumed?] cut it out of a
+  newspaper; but unfortunately has omitted to furnish the date of the
+  newspaper." [Query, How then known to be cotemporary?] The difference is
+  important; but where is the copy containing this letter? By whom has it
+  been seen? By whom and when first discovered? Where did Barker find the
+  story recorded? When and where first printed?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. T. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Honorary D.C.L.'s.</i>&mdash;It was mentioned in a report of
+  proceedings at the late Installation, that the two <i>royal
+  personages</i> honoured with degrees, having been doctored by diploma,
+  would be entitled to vote in Convocation,&mdash;a privilege not possessed
+  by the common tribe of honorary D.C.L.'s.</p>
+
+  <p>Can you inform me whether Dr. Johnson had, or ever exercised, the
+  right referred to in virtue of his M.A. degree (conferred on the
+  publication of the <i>Dictionary</i>), or of the higher academical
+  dignity to which his name has given such a world-wide celebrity?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cantabrigiensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Battle of Villers en Couché.</i>&mdash;Some of your correspondents,
+  better versed than myself in military matters, will doubtless render me
+  assistance by replying to this Query. Where can I find a copious and
+  accurate account of the battle, or perhaps I should rather say skirmish,
+  of Villers en Couché? If I am rightly informed, it must be one of the
+  most remarkable actions on record, when the comparative numbers of the
+  troops engaged are taken into consideration. We have, as an heirloom in
+  our family, a medal <span class="correction" title="Original reads `worn', corrected by letter in Issue 196."
+  >won</span> by an officer on that occasion: it is suspended from a red
+  and white ribbon, and is inscribed thus:</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"FORTITUDINE<br />
+VILLERS EN COUCHÉ.<br />
+24<span class="scac">TH</span> APRIL,<br />
+1794."</p>
+
+  <p>I do not remember to have read any account of the battle; but, as I
+  have heard from the lips of one who gained his information from the
+  officer before alluded to, the particulars were these:&mdash;General
+  Mansell, with a force consisting of two squadrons of the 15th Hussars,
+  and one squadron of the German Legion, <i>two hundred and seventy-two</i>
+  in all, charged a body of the French army, <i>ten thousand</i> strong.
+  The French were formed in a hollow square: but five times, as I am
+  informed, did our gallant troops charge into and out of the square, till
+  the French, struck with a sudden panic, retreated with a loss of twelve
+  hundred men. I am desirous of authenticating this almost incredible
+  account, and shall be thankful for such information as may guide me to an
+  authoritative record of the action in question.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Misaubin.</i>&mdash;Will any of your numerous correspondents
+  give me any information, or refer me to any work where I can find it,
+  respecting Dr. Misaubin, who appears to have practised in London during
+  the first half of the last century? What was the peculiarity of his
+  practice?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Griffin.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Kemble, Willet, and Forbes.</i>&mdash;What are the two concluding
+  lines of an epigram published ten or twelve years ago,
+  beginning,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The case of Kemble, Willet, and Forbes,</p>
+      <p>Much of the Chancellor's time absorbs;</p>
+      <p>If I were the Chancellor I should tremble</p>
+      <p>At the mention of Willet, Forbes, and Kemble"?</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Piccalyly.</i>&mdash;The ornament, somewhat between a hood, a
+  scarf, and an armlet, worn hanging over the right shoulder of judges and
+  serjeants at law, is called a <i>piccalyly</i>. What is the origin of
+  this peculiarity of judicial costume, what are the earliest examples of
+  it, and what its etymology?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">No Judge.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Post-Office about 1770.</i>&mdash;Mr. Smith, in the notes prefixed
+  to the <i>Grenville Correspondence</i>, says several of Junius's letters
+  appear to have been sent from the same post-office "as the post-mark is
+  '<i>peny</i> post payd,'"&mdash;a peculiarity of spelling not likely to
+  occur often. Have any of your correspondents letters of that date with a
+  like post-mark? and, if so, can they tell us <i>where</i> posted?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. A. O.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Carefully examined and well-authenticated.</i>"&mdash;I agree with
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Cramp</span> (Vol. vii., p. 569.) that "the
+  undecided question of the authorship of Junius requires that every
+  statement should be carefully examined, and (as far as possible) only
+  well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence." I take leave,
+  therefore, to remind him that my question (Vol. iii., p. 262.) remains
+  unanswered; that I am anxious that he should authenticate his statement
+  (p. 63.), and name some of the "many" <!-- Page 9 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page9"></a>{9}</span>persons in whose libraries
+  vellum-bound copies of Junius have been found.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">V. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Heister Ryley.</i>&mdash;Who was the author of the <i>Visions
+  of Sir Heister Ryley</i>, and whence did it derive its name? It was
+  published in 1710, and consists of papers periodically published on
+  serious subjects. It was one of the many short-lived periodicals that
+  sprung up in imitation of the <i>Tatler</i>, and appears to have died a
+  natural death at the end of the so-called first volume.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Effigies with folded Hands.</i>&mdash;On the south side of
+  Llangathen Church, Carmarthenshire, is a huge monument (of the style well
+  designated as bedstead) for Dr. Anthony Rudd, Bishop of St. David's, and
+  Anne Dalton, his wife, 1616, with their recumbent effigies, and those of
+  four sons kneeling at their head and feet. From all these figures the
+  iconoclasts had smitten the hands upraised in prayer, and they have been
+  replaced by plaister hands folded on the bosom. The effect is singular.
+  Is there any other instance of such restoration?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Bishop Horsley.</i>&mdash;In the Introduction to
+  <i>Utrum Horum</i>, a rather curious work by Henry Care, being a
+  comparison of the Thirty-nine Articles with the doctrines of
+  Presbyterians on the one hand, and the tenets of the Church of Rome on
+  the other, is an extract from Dr. Hakewill's <i>Answer</i> (1616) <i>to
+  Dr. Carier</i>, "an apostate to Popery." In it occurs the following
+  passage: "And so, through Calvin's sides, you strike at the throat and
+  heart of our religion." Will you allow me to ask if a similar expression
+  is not used by Bishop Horsley in some one of his Charges?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. S. S.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following passage occurs in the bishop's Charge to the clergy of
+  St. Asaph in 1806, p. 26. "Take especial care, before you aim your shafts
+  at Calvinism, that you know what is Calvinism, and what is not: that in
+  that mass of doctrine, which it is of late become the fashion to abuse
+  under the name of Calvinism, you can distinguish with certainty that part
+  of it which is nothing better than Calvinism, and that which belongs to
+  our common Christianity, and the general faith of the Reformed Churches;
+  <i>lest, when you mean only to fall foul of Calvinism, you should
+  unwarily attack something more sacred and of higher origin</i>."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>"<i>Marry come up!</i>"&mdash;What is the origin of this expression,
+  found in the old novelists? It perhaps originates in an adjuration of the
+  Virgin Mary. If so, how did it gain its present form?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Halliwell explains it as an interjection equivalent to indeed!
+  <i>Marry on us, marry come up, Marry come out</i>, interjections given by
+  Brockett. <i>Marry and shall</i>, that I will! <i>Marry come up, my dirty
+  cousin</i>, a saying addressed to any one who affects excessive
+  delicacy.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Dover Court.</i>&mdash;What is the origin of the expression of a
+  "<i>Dover Court</i>, where all are talkers and none are hearers?" There
+  is a place called by this name in the vicinity of Harwich?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[There is a legend, that Dover-Court Church in Essex once possessed a
+  miraculous cross which spoke, thus noticed in the <i>Collier of
+  Croydon</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And how the rood of <i>Dovercot</i> did speak,</p>
+      <p>Confirming his opinions to be true."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>So that it is possible, as Nares suggests, that this church was the
+  scene of confusion alluded to in the proverb: "Dover Court, all speakers
+  and no hearers." Fox, in his <i>Martyrology</i>, vol. ii. p. 302.,
+  states, that "a rumour was spread that no man could shut the door, which
+  therefore stood open night and day; and that the resort of people to it
+  was much and very great."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Porter.</i>&mdash;In what book is the word <i>porter</i>, meaning
+  the malt liquor so called, first found? I have an impression that the
+  earliest use of it that I have seen is in Nicholas Amherst's <i>Terræ
+  Filius</i>, about 1726.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We doubt whether an earlier use of this word, as descriptive of a
+  malt liquor, will be found than the one noticed by our correspondent; for
+  it was only about 1722 that Harwood, a London brewer, commenced brewing
+  this liquor, which he called "entire," or "entire butt," implying that it
+  was drawn from one cask or butt. It subsequently obtained the name of
+  <i>porter</i>, from its consumption by porters and labourers.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Whitaker's Ingenious Earl.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To our equal surprise and vexation at times, we find the ancients
+  possessed of degrees of physical knowledge with which we were mostly or
+  entirely unacquainted ourselves. I need not appeal in proof of this to
+  that extraordinary operation of chemistry, by which Moses reduced the
+  golden calf to powder, and then give it mingled with water as a drink to
+  the Israelites; an operation the most difficult in all the processes of
+  chemistry, and concerning which it is a sufficient honour for the moderns
+  to say, that they have once or twice practised it. I need not appeal to
+  the mummies of Egypt, in which the art of embalming bodies is so
+  eminently displayed, that all attempts at imitation have only showed the
+  infinite superiority of the original to the copy. I need not appeal to
+  the gilding upon those mummies so fresh in its lustre; to the stained
+  silk of them, so vivid in its colours after a lapse of 3000 years; to the
+  ductility and malleability of glass, discovered by an artist of Rome in
+  the days of Tiberius, but instantly lost by the immediate murder of the
+  man under the orders of the emperor, and just now boasted vainly to be
+  re-discovered by the wildly eccentric, yet vividly vigorous, genius of
+  that earl who professes to teach law to my lord chancellor, and divinity
+  to my lords the <!-- Page 10 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page10"></a>{10}</span>bishops, who proposes to send ship, by the
+  force of steam, with all the velocity of a ball from the mouth of a
+  cannon, and who pretends by the power of his steam-impelled oars to beat
+  the waters of the ocean into the hardness of adamant; or to the
+  burning-glasses of Archimedes, recorded in their effects by credible
+  writers, actually imitated by Proclus at the siege of Constantinople with
+  Archimedes' own success, yet boldly pronounced by some of our best
+  judges, demonstrably impracticable in themselves, and lately demonstrated
+  by some faint experiments to be very practicable, the skill of the
+  moderns only going so far as to render credible the practices of the
+  ancients."&mdash;<i>The Course of Hannibal</i>, by John Whitaker, B.D.,
+  1794, vol. ii. p. 142.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Who was the earl whose universality of genius is described above by
+  this "laudator temporis acti?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. J.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Charles Earl Stanhope, whose versatility of talent succeeded in
+  abolishing the old wooden printing-press, with its double pulls, and
+  substituting in its place the beautiful iron one, called after him the
+  "Stanhope Press." His lordship's inventive genius, however, failed in the
+  composing-room; for his transmogrified letter-cases, with his eight
+  logotypes, once attempted at <i>The Times'</i> office, were soon
+  abandoned, and the old process of single letters preferred.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Dissimulate.</i>&mdash;Where is the earliest use of this word to be
+  found? It is to be met with in Bernard Mandeville's <i>Fable of the
+  Bees</i>, 1723; but is not to be found, I think, in any dictionary. I was
+  once heavily censured at school for using it in my theme; but I have more
+  than once of late seen it used in a leading article of <i>The
+  Times</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[<i>Dissimulate</i> occurs in Richardson's Dictionary, with the two
+  following examples:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Under smiling she was <i>dissimulate</i>,</p>
+      <p>Prouocatiue with blinkes amorous."</p>
+      <p class="i6">Chaucer, <i>The Testament of Creseide</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"We commaunde as kynges, and pray as men, that al thyng be forgiuen to
+  theim that be olde and broken, and to theim that be yonge and lusty, to
+  <i>dissimulate</i> for a time, and nothyng to be forgiuen to very yong
+  children."&mdash;<i>Golden Boke</i>, c. ix.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>BISHOP KEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 526.)</p>
+
+  <p>By converting a noun into a surname, Dodsley has led J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;J. into a
+  natural, but somewhat amusing mistake. The lines quoted are in Horace
+  Walpole's well-known epistle, from Florence, addressed to his college
+  friend T[homas] A[shton,] tutor of the Earl of P[lymouth].</p>
+
+  <p>In Walpole's <i>Fugitive Pieces</i>, printed at Strawberry Hill, 1758
+  (the copy of which, now before me, was given by Walpole to Cole in 1762,
+  and contains several notes by the latter), the passage stands correctly
+  thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Or, with wise ken, judiciously define,</p>
+      <p>When Pius marks the honorary coin,</p>
+      <p>Of Carnealla, or of Antonine."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent refers to an edition of the <i>Collection of
+  Poems</i> of 1758. In a much later edition of that work, viz. 1782, the
+  line is again printed&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Or with wise <span class="scac">KEN</span>," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>It is strange that the mistake was not corrected, at the instance of
+  Walpole himself, during this long interval.</p>
+
+  <p>Turning to Bishop Ken, I would observe that in his excellent Life of
+  this prelate, Mr. Anderdon has given the three well-known hymns "word for
+  word," as first penned. These, Mr. A. tells us, are found, for the first
+  time, in a copy of the <i>Manual of Prayers For the Use of the Winchester
+  Scholars</i>, printed in 1700. The bishop's versions vary so very
+  materially from those to which we have been accustomed from childhood,
+  that these original copies are very interesting. Indeed, within five
+  years after their first appearance, and during the author's life,
+  material changes were made, several of which are retained to the present
+  hour. It must be admitted that some of the stanzas, as they first came
+  from the bishop's pen, are singularly rugged and inharmonious, almost
+  justifying the request made by the lady to Byrom (as I have stated
+  elsewhere<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>),
+  "to revise and polish the bishop's poems." How came these hymns, so far
+  the most popular of his poetical works, to be omitted by Hawkins in the
+  collected edition of the poems, printed in 4 vols., 1721?</p>
+
+  <p>My present object is, to call your attention to a "Midnight Hymn," by
+  Sir Thomas Browne, which will be found in his works (vol. ii. p. 113.,
+  edit. Wilkin). Can there be question that to it Ken is indebted for some
+  of the thoughts and expressions in two of his own hymns?</p>
+
+  <p>The good bishop's fame will not be lessened by his adopting what was
+  good in the works of the learned physician. He doubtless thought far more
+  of the benefit which he could render to the youthful Wykehamists, than of
+  either the originality or smoothness of his own verses.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><i>Sir Thomas Browne.</i></p>
+      <p class="hg3">"While I do rest, my soul advance;</p>
+      <p>Make my sleep a holy trance:</p>
+      <p>That I may, my rest being wrought,</p>
+      <p>Awake into some holy thought,</p>
+      <p>And with as active vigour run</p>
+      <p>My course as doth the nimble sun.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Sleep is a death: O make me try,</p>
+      <p>By sleeping, what it is to die!</p>
+<!-- Page 11 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page11"></a>{11}</span>
+      <p>And as gently lay my head</p>
+      <p>On my grave, as now my bed.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"These are my drowsy days; in vain</p>
+      <p>I do now wake to sleep again.</p>
+      <p>O come that hour when I shall never</p>
+      <p>Sleep again, but wake for ever!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,</p>
+      <p>Whose eyes are open while mine close;</p>
+      <p>Let no dreams my head infest,</p>
+      <p>But such as Jacob's temples blest."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><i>Bishop Ken.</i></p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Awake, my soul, and with the sun</p>
+      <p>Thy daily stage of duty run.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Teach me to live that I may dread</p>
+      <p>The grave as little as my bed.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O when shall I in endless day</p>
+      <p>For ever chase dark sleep away,</p>
+      <p>And endless praise with th' Heavenly choir,</p>
+      <p>Incessant sing and never tire.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"You, my blest Guardian, whilst I sleep,</p>
+      <p>Close to my bed your vigils keep;</p>
+      <p>Divine love into me instil,</p>
+      <p>Stop all the avenues of ill.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Thought to thought, with my soul converse</p>
+      <p>Celestial joys to me rehearse;</p>
+      <p>And in my stead, all the night long,</p>
+      <p>Sing to my God a grateful song."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>In the work referred to&mdash;one of the most valuable and best edited
+  of modern days&mdash;Mr. Wilkin, when speaking of a fine passage on music
+  in the <i>Religio Medici</i> (vol. ii. p. 106.), asks whether it may not
+  have suggested to Addison the beautiful conclusion of his Hymn on the
+  Glories of Creation:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"What tho' in solemn silence, all," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>This passage in Sir Thomas Browne appears forcibly to have struck the
+  gifted author of <i>Confessions of an English Opium-eater</i> (see p.
+  106. of that work).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Markland</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p><i>Sketch of Bishop Ken's Life</i>, p. 107.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOHN'S EDITION OF HOVEDEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 579.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Riley</span> mistakes my purpose if he thinks
+  that my object was to make a personal attack on him; and for anything in
+  my last communication which may have appeared to possess that tendency, I
+  hereby freely express my regret. Still I cannot allow that he has
+  explained away the mistakes of which I complained, and of which I still
+  have to complain. The kingdom of Cork <i>never</i> "extended to within a
+  short distance of Waterford;" and the territory of Desmond was
+  <i>never</i> co-extensive with Cork, having been always confined to the
+  county of Kerry. <span class="sc">Mr. Riley</span>, therefore, is in
+  error when he uses "Cork" and "Desmond" as synonymous. Again, he falls
+  into the same mistake by assuming "Crook, Hook Point, or The Crook," to
+  be synonyms. I never heard that Henry II. landed at Hook Point, which is
+  in the county of Wexford, and from which a land journey to Waterford
+  would be very circuitous. At Crook, however, on the opposite side of
+  Waterford Harbour, and within the shelter of Creden Head, he is said to
+  have done so; and as that point answers pretty exactly to the
+  <i>Crock</i> of Hoveden, why assume some indefinite point of the "Kingdom
+  of Cork" as the locality, even supposing that its boundary <i>did</i>
+  approach Waterford city? Really <span class="sc">Mr. Riley</span>'s
+  explanations but make matters worse.</p>
+
+  <p>With regard to "Erupolensis" being an <i>alias</i> of Ossoriensis, I
+  may quote the authority of the learned De Burgo, who, speaking of the
+  diocese of Ossory, observes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Quandoque tamen nuncupata erat <i>Eyrupolensis</i> ab <i>Eyro</i>
+  Flumine, vulgò <i>Neoro</i>, quod <i>Kilkenniam</i>
+  alluit."&mdash;<i>Hibernia Dominicana</i>, p. 205. note <i>i</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I maintain that the reading public has just cause to complain, not (as
+  I said on a former occasion) because the editor of such a book as
+  Hoveden's <i>Annals</i> does not know everything necessary to elucidate
+  his author, but because baseless conjectures are put forward as
+  elucidations of the text.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Kilkenny.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>COLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.)</p>
+
+  <p>It is difficult to believe that the third part of <i>Christabel</i>,
+  published in Blackwood for June, 1819, vol. v. p. 286., could have either
+  "perplexed the public," or "pleased Coleridge." In the first place, it
+  was avowedly written by "Morgan Odoherty;" and in the next, it is too
+  palpable a parody to have pleased the original author, who could hardly
+  have been satisfied with the raving rhapsodies put into his mouth, or
+  with the treatment of his innocent and virtuous heroine. This will
+  readily be supposed when it is known that the Lady Geraldine is made out
+  to have been a man in woman's attire, and that "the mark of Christabel's
+  shame, the seal of her sorrow," is neither more nor less than the natural
+  consequence of her having shared her chamber with such a visitor.</p>
+
+  <p>Is your correspondent A. B. R. correct in stating this parody to have
+  been the composition of Dr. Maginn? In the biography of this brilliant
+  writer in the twenty-third volume of the <i>Dublin University
+  Magazine</i>, Dr. Moir, who had undoubtedly good opportunities of
+  knowing, mentions that his first contribution to <i>Blackwood</i> was the
+  Latin translation of "Chevy Chase," in the number for November 1819; if
+  this be correct, many of the cleverest papers that appeared under the
+  name of Odoherty, and which are all popularly attributed <!-- Page 12
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page12"></a>{12}</span>to Maginn, must
+  have been the work of other authors, a circumstance which I had been
+  already led to suspect from the frequent local allusions to Scotland in
+  general, and to Edinburgh in particular, which could have scarcely
+  proceeded from the pen of a native of Cork, who had then never visited
+  Scotland. Since Dr. Moir's own death, it appears that the <i>Eve of St.
+  Jerry</i>, and the <i>Rhyme of the Auncient Waggonere</i>, have been
+  claimed for him, as well as some other similar pieces; and I believe that
+  the series of <i>Boxiana</i>, which also appeared under the name of the
+  renowned ensign and adjutant, was written by Professor Wilson. Maginn's
+  contributions were at first under various signatures, and some time
+  elapsed before he made use of the <i>nom de guerre</i> of Morgan
+  Odoherty, which eventually became so identified with him.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ITS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 578.)</p>
+
+  <p>I am sorry to intrude upon your valuable space again in reference to
+  this little word, but the inquiry of <span class="sc">Mr. Rye</span> (p.
+  578.), and other reasons, render it desirable. The truth is that <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span>, <span class="sc">Mr. Rye</span> and
+  myself, are more or less mistaken. 1. <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Keightley</span>, in his quotation from Fairfax's <i>Tasso</i> (<span
+  class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>'s accurate reprint, 1817), has <i>his</i> in
+  both lines. 2. <span class="sc">Mr. Rye</span>, in understanding me to
+  refer to any translation proper; unless Sternhold and Hopkins are to be
+  considered as having produced one. 3. Myself, in supposing the old
+  metrical version in the Book of Common Prayer originally had the word
+  <i>its</i>. I copied from the Oxford edition in fol. of 1770; but a 4to.
+  edition, "printed by Iohn Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate, anno 1574,"
+  does not exhibit the word in the places specified; we have instead
+  <i>her</i> in both places.</p>
+
+  <p>Hitherto, then, the oldest examples of the use of this word have been
+  adduced from Shakspeare. These are to be found in the first folio, but
+  are in each case printed with the apostrophe after the
+  <i>t</i>,&mdash;<i>it's</i>. This method of writing the word, however,
+  soon disappeared, for in a treatise of Pemble's, printed 1635 (the author
+  died in 1623), it appears as we write it now:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If faith alone by <i>its</i> own virtue and
+  force."&mdash;<i>Works</i>, fol. p. 171.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I have not observed the fact remarked, that besides the use of <i>his,
+  her, hereof, thereof, of it</i>, and <i>the</i>, it was customary to
+  employ the unchanged word <i>it</i> for the possessive case. I will give
+  an example or two. In the Genevan version, at Rom. viii. 20., we read
+  "Not of <i>it</i> owne wille." This passage is thus quoted in 1611 and in
+  1622, but in a later edition of the same work, 1656, <i>its</i> is
+  substituted for <i>it</i>. I have a note of one other instance from
+  Perkins on Rev. ii. 28. (ed. 1606): "For as the sunne in the spring time
+  quickeneth by <i>it</i> warme beames."</p>
+
+  <p>In conclusion, may I request that if any genuine instance of the use
+  of this word <i>its</i>, is observed by any of your many contributors,
+  they will communicate the fact to you? At present we can only go back to
+  Shakspeare, in his <i>Winter's Tale</i> and <i>Henry VIII</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FAMILY OF MILTON'S WIDOW.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 596.)</p>
+
+  <p>As your correspondent <span class="sc">Cranmore</span> has long been a
+  deserter from the ranks of "N. &amp; Q.," I may perhaps, without
+  presumption, for once "stand in his shoes," and reply to the challenge
+  addressed to him by V.&nbsp;M.</p>
+
+  <p>Much obscurity has all along prevailed among the many biographers of
+  Milton, in reference to the family of Elizabeth Minshull, his third wife,
+  and eventually, for more than fifty years, his widow. Philips, Warton,
+  Todd, and numerous others, state her to have been "the daughter of Mr.
+  Minshull, of Cheshire,"&mdash;a very vague assertion when we consider
+  that there were at least three or four different families of that name
+  then existing in the county. Pennant, who delighted in particularities,
+  sometimes even at the expense of historical fact, tells us, for the first
+  time, in 1782, that she was the daughter of Mr. (or Sir) Edward Minshull,
+  of Stoke, near Nantwich, and that she died at the latter town in March,
+  1726, at an advanced age. Mr. Ormerod, again, whose splendid <i>History
+  of Cheshire</i> will be the standard authority of the county for ages
+  after he himself is carried to his fathers, has unfortunately adopted the
+  same conclusion, and so given a colour, as it were, to this erroneous
+  statement of our Cambrian antiquary. The Rev. Benjamin Mardon's paper,
+  printed in the <i>Journal of the British Archæological Association for
+  1849</i>, is another and more recent instance of the way in which such
+  errors as this may become perpetuated. Another writer (Palmer)
+  conjectures her to have been the daughter of Minshull of Manchester; but
+  this also has been proved to be entirely destitute of foundation.</p>
+
+  <p>The truth of the matter is (and I am indebted to Mr. Fitchett Marsh's
+  clear and succinct dissertation in the <i>Miscellany</i> of the Chetham
+  Society for the information), the poet's widow was daughter of Mr. Randle
+  Minshull, of Wistaston in the county of Chester, whose
+  great-great-grandfather, a younger son of Minshull of Minshull, settled
+  on a small estate there in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and so founded
+  the house of Minshull of Wistaston. Milton was introduced to his Cheshire
+  wife by his friend Dr. Paget; and <!-- Page 13 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page13"></a>{13}</span>it was by his advice that
+  the author of <i>Paradise Lost</i> once more entered into the bonds of
+  wedlock. Mr. Marsh, to clear up all doubt upon the subject, and having
+  previously established the identity of the family, examined the parish
+  register at Wistaston, and there found that "Elizabeth, the daughter of
+  Randolph Mynshull, was baptized the 30th day of December, 1638;" so that,
+  if baptized shortly after birth, she must have been about twenty-six
+  years old when united to Milton in 1664, and about eighty-nine at her
+  death, which occurred in 1727.</p>
+
+  <p>V. M., and all others who desire farther enlightenment on the subject,
+  will do well to refer to the volume before mentioned, which forms the
+  twenty-fourth of the series published by the Chetham Society.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS OF EMBLEMS&mdash;JACOB BEHMEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 469. 579.)</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps you will allow poor old Jacob Behmen, the inspired cobbler of
+  Gorlitz, a niche in your temple of writers of emblems. I think he is
+  legitimately entitled to that distinction. His works are nearly all
+  couched in emblems; and, besides his own figures, his principles were
+  pictorially illustrated by his disciple William Law (the author of <i>The
+  Way to Divine Knowledge</i>, <i>The Serious Call</i>, &amp;c.), in some
+  seventeen simple, and four compound emblematic drawings. Of these the
+  most remarkable, and in fact the most intelligible, are three compound
+  emblems representing the Creation, Apostasy, and Redemption of Man. Every
+  phase of each stage in the soul's history is disclosed to view by means
+  of double and single doors. We are now concerned only with such of
+  Behmen's emblematic works as have been translated into English. The
+  following list contains only those in my own library. I am acquainted
+  with no others:</p>
+
+  <p>(1.) "The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher, to which is
+  prefixed the Life of the Author, with Figures illustrating his
+  Principles, left by the Rev. William Law, M.A. In four thick Volumes,
+  royal 4to. London: printed for M. Richardson in Paternoster Row, <span
+  class="scac">MDCCLXIV</span>." With a fine portrait of Behmen facing the
+  title-page of the first volume. This edition contains the following
+  works:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>1. Aurora: the Day-spring, or Dawning of the Day in the East; or
+  Morning-redness in the Rising of the Sun: that is, the Root or Mother of
+  Philosophy, Astrology, and Theology, from the True Ground; or, A
+  Description of Nature.</p>
+
+  <p>2. The Three Principles of the Divine Essence of the Eternal: Dark,
+  Light, and Temporary World.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Mysterium Magnum: or an Explanation of the First Book of Moses
+  called Genesis.</p>
+
+  <p>4. Four Tables of Divine Revelation.</p>
+
+  <p>5. The High and Deep-Searching of the Threefold Life of Man, through
+  or according to the Three Principles.</p>
+
+  <p>6. Forty Questions concerning the Soul, proposed by Dr. Balthasar
+  Walter, and answered by Jacob Behmen.</p>
+
+  <p>7. The Treatise of the Incarnation.</p>
+
+  <p>8. The Clavis, or an Explanation of some Principal Points and
+  Expressions.</p>
+
+  <p>9. Signatura Rerum.</p>
+
+  <p>10. Of the Election of Grace; or of God's Will towards Man, commonly
+  called Predestination.</p>
+
+  <p>11. The Way to Christ discovered in the following Treatises:&mdash;I.
+  Of True Repentance. II. Of True Resignation. III. Of Regeneration. IV. Of
+  Supernatural Life.</p>
+
+  <p>12. A Discourse between a Soul hungry and thirsty after the Fountain
+  of Life, the sweet Love of Jesus Christ, and a Soul enlightened.</p>
+
+  <p>13. A Treatise of the Four Complexions, or a Consolatory Instruction
+  for a Sad and Assaulted Heart in the Time of Temptation.</p>
+
+  <p>14. A Treatise of Christ's Testament, Baptism, and the Supper.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>(2.) "Theosophic Letters, or Epistles of the Man from God enlightened
+  in Grace, Jacob Behmen, of Old Seidenburgh, wherein everywhere [are?]
+  Divine Blessed Exhortations to true Repentance and Amendment, as also
+  Plaine Instructions concerning the highly worthy and precious Knowledge
+  of the Divine and Natural Wisdome; together with a Right Touchstone or
+  Triall of these Times, for an Introduction to the Author's other
+  Writings: published in English for the good of the sincere Lovers of true
+  Christianitie, by I.&nbsp;S.<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>" (I have only a MS. copy of this
+  publication.)</p>
+
+  <p>(3.) A beautiful MS. translation of "The Way to Christ." This is
+  hardly so accurate as the one already referred to, though some of the
+  expressions are better chosen. The date of this MS. is about 1730, or
+  earlier.</p>
+
+  <p>(4.) A fair MS. translation of Jacob Behmen's treatise called "A
+  Fundamental Instruction concerning the Earthly and concerning the
+  Heavenly Mystery; how they two stand in one another, and how in the
+  Earthly the Heavenly becometh manifested or revealed, wherein then you
+  shall see Babell the great citty upon Earth stand with its Forms and
+  Wonders; and wherefore, or out of what, Babell is generated, and where
+  Antichrist will stand quite naked. Comprised in Nine Texts. Written May
+  8, 1620, in High Dutch." (I have seen no printed translation of this
+  treatise.)</p>
+
+  <p>(5.) MS. translation of the fourth treatise of "The Way to Christ,"
+  viz. "of the Supersensual Life." This is a less accurate rendering than
+  either of the others above mentioned.</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps your mystic correspondents will kindly furnish lists of other
+  publications and MSS. of <!-- Page 14 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page14"></a>{14}</span>"the Teutonick Theosopher." There are
+  sixteen more of his works, of which fifteen are now extant in High Dutch.
+  As old Behmen is but little known in this country, save by ill-repute, as
+  having led astray William Law in his old age, and, through him, having
+  tinctured the religious philosophy of Coleridge, it way be worth noting,
+  that no less a philosopher than Schelling (to whom, as we know, Coleridge
+  stood so greatly indebted) stole from the Lusatian shoemaker the
+  corner-stones of his <i>Philosophy of Nature</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>J. Sparrow.&mdash;<span class="sc">Ed.</span></p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>RAFFAELLE'S SPOSALIZIO.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 595.)</p>
+
+  <p>With regard to your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. G. Brindley
+  Ackworth</span>'s Query respecting <i>Raffaelle's Sposalizio</i>, I am
+  induced to think that the <i>custode</i> at the church of the Santa Croce
+  at Florence was right as to his information. In the copy which I have of
+  the "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia," <i>according to the ancient use of
+  Salisbury</i>, the ring is undoubtedly to be placed on the bride's
+  <i>right</i> hand. Wheatly indeed says, that "when the man espouses his
+  wife with it (<i>i.e.</i> the ring), he is to put it <i>upon the fourth
+  finger of her</i> left <i>hand</i>;" and then refers, for <i>the
+  reason</i> of this, to the rubric of <i>Salisbury Manual</i>, which
+  speaks of the vein going from this finger directly to the heart.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, what are the precise words of this rubric? After giving
+  directions for the benediction of the ring, provided it has not
+  previously been blessed, the rubric goes on thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Si autem antea fuerit annulus ille benedictus tunc statim postquam
+  vir posuerit annulum super librum, accipiens sacerdos annulum tradat
+  ipsum viro: quem vir accipiat manu sua dextera cum tribus <span
+  class="correction" title="Original reads `principalionibus'."
+  >principalioribus</span> digitis, et manu sua sinistra tenens dexteram
+  sponsæ docente sacerdote dicat."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The man is to receive the ring from the priest with the three
+  principal fingers of the right hand; and then, holding the <i>right
+  hand</i> of the bride with his own left hand, he shall say, "With this
+  ring," &amp;c. He is then to place the ring on her thumb, saying, "In
+  nomine Patris;" then on her second finger, saying "et Filii;" then on the
+  third finger, saying "et Spiritus Sancti;" then on the fourth finger,
+  saying "Amen;" and there he is to leave it. There is not a word said
+  about the bride's <i>left</i> hand, the <i>right</i> is alone mentioned;
+  and why should the man hold her <i>right</i> hand with his <i>left</i>,
+  but that with his <i>right</i> hand he may the more easily place the
+  ring, <i>first</i> on the <i>thumb</i>, then on the other fingers of her
+  <i>right</i> hand, until it arrives at its ideal destination?</p>
+
+  <p>While I am upon this subject, allow me to point out another singular
+  direction given in a rubric in this same "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia."
+  When the woman is, as we term it, given away, if she be a spinster, she
+  is to have her hand <i>uncovered</i>; if a widow, <i>covered</i>: the
+  words are&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Deinde detur femina a patre suo, vel ab amicis ejus: quod si
+  <i>puella</i> sit, <i>discoopertam</i> habeat <i>manum</i>, si
+  <i>vidua</i>, <i>tectam</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There is no reason given for this distinction, nor do I ever remember
+  to have seen it noticed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. B. W.</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>Sposalizio</i>, or "espousals," or betrothing, is certainly a
+  different ceremony from the marriage. Is not the fact of young ladies
+  popularly considering and calling the third finger of the <i>right</i>
+  hand the engaged finger, and wearing a ring on that finger when engaged,
+  a confirmation of your correspondent's idea, that at this "betrothal" or
+  "espousals" (compare the phrase "his espoused wife" of Mary before her
+  <i>marriage</i> with Joseph) the ring was placed in the <i>right</i>
+  hand; at the marriage ceremony on the left?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sc.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WINDFALL.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 285.)</p>
+
+  <p>W. W. is desirous of interpreting <i>windfall</i>, as necessarily from
+  its origin denoting a gain. He is, perhaps, expecting a handsome bequest;
+  I wish he may get it; but he may rely on it that the <i>windfall</i> of
+  the bequest will be accompanied by the <i>windfall</i> of the "Succession
+  Act." Let us hear what our great Doctor says; his first explanation is,
+  "Fruit blown down from the tree."</p>
+
+  <p>W. W.'s little boys and girls would deem a <i>windfall</i> of unripe
+  apples, at this time of the year, a good; they will make a pie for
+  dinner. W.&nbsp;W. himself would call it an evil; the ripe crop is ruined.</p>
+
+  <p>But let us see how Johnson illustrates his explanation:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Their <i>boughs</i> were too great for their stem, they became a
+  <i>windfall</i> upon the sudden."&mdash;<i>Bacon</i>, Essay 29.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Webster copies this for his first explanation, as he does also our
+  Dr's. second for his second; but as it is not his plan to illustrate by
+  examples, he is saved from the <i>eccentricity</i> of his original.</p>
+
+  <p>If we refer to Bacon we shall be reminded of Johnson's warning, that
+  by "hasty detruncation the general tendency of a sentence may be
+  changed." The sentence here so hastily detruncated, stands thus in the
+  Essay:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Spartans were a nice people in point of naturalisation, whereby
+  while they kept their compasse, they stood firme. But when <i>they</i>
+  did spread, and <i>their boughes</i> were becommen too great for their
+  stemme, they became a <i>windfall</i> upon the suddaine. 'Potentia eorum
+  subito corruit.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p><i>They</i>, in Johnson's mutilated sentence, refers to the
+  <i>boughs</i>; in Bacon, to the Spartans; so that, in <!-- Page 15
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page15"></a>{15}</span>the first place,
+  the Spartans are transformed into boughs, and, in the next place, the
+  boughs into fruit. Detruncation, however, had nothing to do with this
+  latter metamorphosis; and I am afraid this is not a solitary instance of
+  lexicographical incongruity.</p>
+
+  <p>W. W. may assure himself that a windfall is "whatever <i>falls</i> by
+  the wind, or with similar suddenness or unexpectedness, whether bringing
+  good or ill."</p>
+
+  <p>And if he will take the trouble to refer to "The Case of Impeachment
+  of Waste," quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span>, Vol. vii.,
+  p. 375., he will find, only a few lines before that gentleman's quotation
+  begins, a legal question at issue as to the right of property in
+  <i>windfalls</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MR. JUSTICE NEWTON.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.)</p>
+
+  <p>It would greatly enhance the value of contributions to "N. &amp; Q.,"
+  save much trouble, and often lead to a more direct intercourse between
+  persons of similar pursuits, if contributors would drop initials, and
+  sign their own proper name and <i>habitat</i>; and in saying this, I
+  believe the Editor will second me. If C.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;G. had done this, I should
+  have been happy to send him an envelope full of proofs that Mr. Justice
+  Newton did not die in 1444, for that a fine was levied before him in
+  1448; that he is not buried in Bristol Cathedral, but in the Wyke Aisle
+  in Yatton Church, Somerset, where may be seen his effigies beautifully
+  carved in alabaster, in his judge's robes, and his head resting on a
+  wheat-sheaf or garb; that there was <i>no</i> relationship between the
+  second baronet of Hather, his arms being <i>cross bones</i>, &amp;c., and
+  those of the judge, who was truly a <i>Cradock</i>, were three garbs,
+  &amp;c. I would now beg leave to refer C.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;G. to my former
+  communications in "N. &amp; Q." about Cradock Newton, particularly Vol.
+  ii., pp. 248. 427.; <i>Chronica Judicialia</i>, 1635; Foss's <i>Lives of
+  the Judges</i>; and a paper of mine in the forthcoming volume of the
+  <i>Proceedings of the Archæological Institute at Bristol</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George.</p>
+
+  <p>From C. S. G.'s reply to my inquiry respecting Mr. Justice Newton I
+  conclude that at least <i>two</i> individuals of this name have, at
+  different periods, and at a considerable interval apart, occupied the
+  judicial bench.</p>
+
+  <p>The portrait I wish to trace is of a well-known character of the
+  Commonwealth era, and could not, of course, have belonged to a judge then
+  some two centuries deceased. My omission to state this circumstance, in
+  the first instance, has very naturally occasioned complete
+  misapprehension throughout.</p>
+
+  <p>Since my Query was written, a duplicate of the drawing in the Bodleian
+  (<i>minus</i> the inscription), out of the Strawberry Hill collection,
+  has, curiously enough, appeared in an extensive public sale. It was
+  likewise said to be by Bulfinch; and farther examination leads me to
+  infer that both this and the Oxford copy were, in respect of artist, in
+  all probability <i>not</i> incorrectly described. As Bulfinch lived
+  <i>temp.</i> Charles II., and the Bodleian inscription points to his
+  original painting, as "in the hands of Mr. Justice Newton," it may fairly
+  be presumed that a second judge of the name flourished in this reign.</p>
+
+  <p>Substantially, then, my original Query yet remains unanswered,
+  notwithstanding C.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;G.'s obliging reply.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Kyffin Lenthall.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Lyte's Treatment of Positives.</i>&mdash;It would be quite
+  superfluous, after the very excellent communication of <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span>, were I to give a detailed account of my
+  method of printing albumen positives, as, in the main, we both follow the
+  process of Mr. Le Gray. But as we both have our own improvements on the
+  original process, I will ask for space in which to record our differences
+  in manipulation.</p>
+
+  <p>First, in regard to the chloride of gold, I always find, and I believe
+  such is the experience of many photographers, that all salts of gold,
+  though they heighten the effect at first, have a slow, but sure,
+  destructive action on the picture.</p>
+
+  <p>Next, I find that acetic acid, by generating sulphurous acid, has a
+  similar effect, and my care was to try and make a solution which should
+  be free from these defects. I first take my positive, which, as a general
+  rule, I print at least half as dark again as the shade required. This
+  done, I wash it well with water, and next with salt and water in the
+  proportion of about half a grain per gallon, or quite a tasteless
+  solution; this removes all the nitrate of silver from the paper, or if
+  there is any left, the bath of salt decomposes it, leaving none in the
+  texture of the paper to unite with the hypo., which otherwise forms a
+  sticky substance, difficult to remove, which may be readily seen on
+  looking through a positive which has been too hastily finished in the
+  usual way, giving a dark shade, and a want of transparency to the lights.
+  I then place the picture in a bath composed as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Sodæ hyposul.              3 oz.</p>
+      <p>Argent. chlorid.          70 grs.</p>
+      <p>Potassii iodidi            5 grs.</p>
+      <p>Pyrogallic acid            1½ to 2 grs.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The iodide of potassium I add on the same principle as <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span>'s iodide of silver, but as being <!-- Page
+  16 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page16"></a>{16}</span>more
+  convenient, as immediately on being added it decomposes some of the
+  chloride of silver, and forms iodide of silver. I am happy to find that
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span> confirms me in the use of this salt;
+  which I had long thought to improve the tone of my pictures. The liquid,
+  which will become rapidly very dark coloured, must be set aside in an
+  open vessel in a warm place for some weeks, <i>e.g.</i> till, when a
+  positive is placed in it, left for a short time, and then washed with
+  water, it shows clean and not mottled in the light. The solution may be
+  kept always exposed, and much improves by this: if <i>much</i> used, it
+  should be replenished with a simple solution of hypo. three ounces or two
+  ounces to the pint; if little used, it may be filled up as much as
+  evaporates with pure water.</p>
+
+  <p>The positive is left in this solution till the required tint is
+  obtained, when it is to be placed in plain hypo. two ounces to the pint,
+  and in about a quarter of an hour transferred to a basin of pure water,
+  and well washed in several waters. The other detail of <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span>'s process is so admirably and clearly
+  given, and so like that I pursue, that I will not trouble your columns
+  with it again.</p>
+
+  <p>The after-bath of pure hypo. is not absolutely necessary; and where it
+  is desired to obtain fine olive, and dark sepia, and black tints, a
+  better tone results from washing well, long, and frequently, with water
+  alone.</p>
+
+  <p>This bath also gives very rich tints with paper, prepared without
+  albumen: viz.&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Chloride of ammonium      5 grs.</p>
+      <p>Water                     1 oz.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Lay the paper on this, and then hang it up to dry, and excite with
+  ammonio-nitrate containing seventy grains of nitrate of silver to one
+  ounce of water. Should the above solution not give the requisite tints
+  soon after being made, add more chloride of silver; but bear in mind that
+  the solution will then soon become saturated when setting positives, and
+  when this occurs it must be rectified by the addition of a small portion
+  of fresh hypo. alone.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Maxwell Lyte.</span></p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;I may add that I have only lately tried the addition of the
+  iodide of potassium to my setting liquid, and so must qualify my
+  recommendation of it by saying so.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Florian, Torquay.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Stereoscopic Angles.</i>&mdash;I am obliged to <span
+  class="sc">Messrs. Shadbolt</span> and <span class="sc">Wilkinson</span>
+  for the information given in reply to my Queries (Vol. vii., p. 505.) My
+  mode of operation is precisely that of <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Wilkinson</span>: "I obtain all the information I can from every source;
+  then try, and judge for myself." Hence the present letter.</p>
+
+  <p>I regret to be obliged to differ from <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Shadbolt</span>, but there is a point in his communication which appears
+  to me to arise from a misconception of the stereoscopic problem. He says
+  (p. 557.), "for <i>distant</i> views there is in nature scarcely any
+  <i>stereoscopic</i> effect." Now, surely visual distance is merely visual
+  stereosity; for, to see an object solid is merely to see its parts in
+  relief, some of them appearing to project or recede from the others. It
+  is the difficulty of producing this effect in landscapes, by the ordinary
+  camera process, that renders views taken by such means so deficient in
+  air, or, as the artists term it, aerial perspective, most distant objects
+  seeming almost as near as those in the foreground. This indeed is the
+  main defect of all photographs: they are true representations of nature
+  to one eye&mdash;cyclopean pictures, as it were&mdash;appearing perfectly
+  stereoscopic with one eye closed, but seeming absolutely flattened when
+  viewed by the two eyes. I remember being shown a huge photograph of the
+  city of Berlin, taken from an eminence; and a more violent caricature of
+  nature I never set eyes upon. It was almost Chinese in its perspective:
+  the house-tops appeared to have been mangled. It was a wonderful work of
+  art, photographically considered; but artistically it was positively
+  hideous. But the same defect exists in <i>all</i> monophotographic
+  representations, though in a less degree, and consequently less apparent
+  than in views to which a sense of distance is essential. In portraits,
+  the features appear slightly flattened; and until photographers are able
+  to overcome this, the chief of all obstacles to perfection, it is idle to
+  talk of the art giving a correct rendering of nature. This is what is
+  wanted, more than colour, diactinic lenses, multiplication of
+  impressions, or anything else. And when it is remembered that the law of
+  an ordinary convex lens is, the farther the object from the lens the
+  nearer the focus, and, <i>vice versâ</i>, the nearer the object the
+  farther the focus, it becomes evident that by such an instrument distant
+  objects must be made to appear near, and near objects distant, and nature
+  consequently mangled.</p>
+
+  <p>The stereoscope gives us the only demonstrably correct representation
+  of nature; and when that instrument is rendered more simple, and the
+  peep-show character of the apparatus disconnected from it, the art of
+  photography will transcend the productions of the painter&mdash;but not
+  till then.</p>
+
+  <p>I am anxious to obtain all the information I can from such of your
+  photographic readers as are practically acquainted with the stereoscopic
+  portion of the art relative to the angles under which they find it best
+  to take their pictures for given distances.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Fenton, the secretary of the Photographic Society, takes his
+  stereoscopic pictures, when the objects are 50 feet and upwards from the
+  camera, at 1 in 25. This is, as <span class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span>
+  states, Professor Wheatstone's rule for distances. <!-- Page 17 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page17"></a>{17}</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Wilkinson</span>, on the other hand, asserts that
+  3 feet in 300 yards is sufficient separation for the cameras: this is
+  only 1 in 300,&mdash;a vast difference truly.</p>
+
+  <p>"For views across the Thames," says the editor of the <i>Photographic
+  Journal</i>, "the cameras should be placed 12 feet apart, and with this
+  separation the effect is declared to be astonishing."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Wilkinson</span>, however, asserts that from 4 to
+  6 feet in a mile will do <i>well enough</i>!</p>
+
+  <p>Farther, Mr. Latimer Clark (the inventor of an ingenious stereoscopic
+  camera) states that with regard to the distance between the two positions
+  of the cameras, he knows no good reason why the natural distance of the
+  eyes, viz. 2½ inches, should be much exceeded. "A little extra relief is
+  obtained," he adds, "without visible distortion, by increasing the
+  separation to about 4 or 5 inches; but if this distance be greatly
+  exceeded, especially for near objects (I give the gentleman's own words),
+  they become apparently diminished in size, and have the appearance of
+  models and dolls rather than natural objects."</p>
+
+  <p>The reason for making the separation between the cameras greater than
+  that between the two eyes, is exceedingly simple. The stereograph is to
+  be looked at much <i>nearer</i> than the object itself, and consequently
+  is to be seen under a much larger angle than it is viewed by the two eyes
+  in nature. Hence the two pictures should be taken at the angle under
+  which they are to be observed in the stereoscope. Suppose the object to
+  be 50 feet distant, then of course it is seen by the two eyes under an
+  angle of 2½ inches in 50 feet, or 1 in 240. But it is intended that the
+  stereograph should be seen by the two eyes when but a few inches removed
+  from them, or generally under an angle of 2½ in 12 inches, or nearly 1 in
+  5. Hence it is self-evident that the stereoscopic angle should be
+  considerably larger than that formed by the optic axes of the two eyes
+  when directed to the object itself.</p>
+
+  <p>But there is great diversity of opinion as to the extent of the angles
+  requisite for producing the precise stereoscopic or distantial effect of
+  nature. For myself I prefer Professor Wheatstone's rule, 1 in 25 for
+  objects beyond 50 feet distant. For portraits I find the best angle 1 in
+  10 when the sitter is 10 feet off, and for busts about 1 in 5 when placed
+  about 5 or 6 feet from the cameras. But I should be happy to receive
+  information from any of your readers concerning this important branch of
+  the photographic art. For months past I have been engaged in a series of
+  experiments in connexion with the subject, and wish for larger experience
+  than it is possible for any single operator to acquire for himself.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Fenton, I may observe, does not keep the cameras parallel in
+  taking landscapes, but inclines them so that the same object may occupy
+  as nearly as possible the centre of the ground glass plate.</p>
+
+  <p>Nor is it essential that perfect horizontality or parallelism of the
+  cameras should be maintained in copying trees. For buildings, however, it
+  is absolutely necessary that the cameras be kept straight.</p>
+
+  <p>I am sorry thus to trespass on your space, but being anxious, as <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Wilkinson</span> says, to collect information from every
+  source, and your periodical being a happy medium for conveying and
+  receiving instruction, I am glad to avail myself of such a channel.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Phi;</span>. (2)</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;Mr. Claudet has, I perceive, been awarded the prize given
+  by the Society of Arts for the best essay on the stereoscope. Can you, or
+  any of your readers, inform me whether this is likely to be published,
+  and when and at what price?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Query respecting Mr. Pollock's Process.</i>&mdash;In <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span>'s directions for obtaining positives which
+  appeared in "N. &amp; Q." (Vol. vii, p. 581.), iodide of silver is to be
+  dissolved in a saturated solution of hypo. Can you give me the quantity
+  of iodide of silver to be dissolved, and the quantity of the saturated
+  solution of hypo. in which it is to be dissolved?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. T. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Gallo-nitrate of Silver.</i>&mdash;Can you inform me what the true
+  nature of the decomposition is which takes place after a short time in
+  the gallo-nitrate solution of silver? and if there be any ready means of
+  rendering the silver it contains again available for photographic
+  use?</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sir W. Newton</span>, in the description of his
+  calotype process, says: "Bring out with the saturated solution of gallic
+  acid, and when the subject begins to appear, add the aceto-nitrate of
+  silver solution." Which way of doing this is the best,&mdash;mixing the
+  two solutions together and applying them to the paper; or applying the
+  paper, when wetted with the gallic acid, to the silver solution?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. L.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Verney Note decyphered</i> (Vol. vii., p. 568.).&mdash;I am
+  extremely obliged to <span class="sc">Mr. Thompson Cooper</span> for his
+  decyphered rendering of Sir Ralph Verney's note of a speech or proceeding
+  in parliament. The note itself is not now in my possession, but I have
+  requested the owner to be good enough to re-collate it with the original,
+  and if any mistakes should appear in the copy, or the printing (which is
+  very likely), I will give you notice of the fact, that the doubtful words
+  in <span class="sc">Mr. Cooper</span>'s version may, if possible, be set
+  right.</p>
+
+  <p>Students in the art of decyphering may be pleased to have the key to
+  the cypher recorded in <!-- Page 18 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page18"></a>{18}</span>your pages. I therefore give it you as
+  discovered by <span class="sc">Mr. Cooper</span>, and beg, in the
+  strongest way, to reiterate my thanks to that gentleman.</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Verney Note cypher." title="Verney Note cypher.">
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="right">2, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 3, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 4, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 5, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 6, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 7, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 8, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 9, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 10, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 11, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 12, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 13, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 14, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 15, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 16, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 17, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 18, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 20, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 22, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 27, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> 28.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="right">f, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> r, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> k, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> t, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> b, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> h, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> s, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> w, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> c, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> g, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> p, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> d, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> a, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> e, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> i, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> o, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> u, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> l, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> x, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> m, </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="right"> n.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>The cyphers (if any) for <i>j, q, y, z</i> have not been discovered,
+  and the numbers 1, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 remain unappropriated.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Bruce.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Emblems by John Bunyan</i> (Vol. vii., p. 470.).&mdash;This work
+  which <span class="sc">Mr. Corser</span> has not met with, is in the
+  folio edition of his works, forming pp. 849. to 868. of vol. ii. (1768).
+  The plates are small woodcuts of very indifferent execution.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Cobb's Diary</i> (Vol. vii., p. 477.).&mdash;This volume was
+  printed solely for private distribution by the family, who also presented
+  their relatives and friends (amongst whom the writer was reckoned) with
+  another volume compiled on the decease of Francis Cobb, Esq., the husband
+  of Mrs. Cobb, and entitled, <i>Memoir of the late Francis Cobb, Esq., of
+  Margate, compiled from his Journals and Letters</i>: Maidstone, printed
+  by J.&nbsp;V. Hall and Son, Journal Office, 1835. Both of these are at the
+  service for perusal of your inquiring correspondent, <span
+  class="sc">John Martin</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Sat cito si sat bene</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 594.).&mdash;I have not
+  Twiss at hand; but I think F.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;J. is mistaken in calling it a
+  "favourite maxim" of Lord Eldon. I remember to have heard Lord Eldon tell
+  the story, which was, that the Newcastle Fly, in which he came up to
+  town, in I forget how many days, had on its panel the motto, "Sat cito si
+  sat bene:" he applied it jocularly in defence of his own habits in
+  Chancery.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mythe versus Myth</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 326. 575.).&mdash;It gives me
+  much pleasure to have afforded <span class="sc">Mr. Thiriold</span> an
+  opportunity for displaying so much learning and sagacity; but I hope he
+  does not imagine that he has confuted me. As I only spoke of words which,
+  like <span title="muthos" class="grk"
+  >&mu;&#x1FE6;&theta;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>, had a single consonant
+  between two vowels, such words as <i>plinth</i>, <i>labyrinth</i>,
+  &amp;c. have nothing to do with the question. If <i>mythe</i>, differing
+  from the other examples which are to be found, happens to have <i>the</i>
+  for its termination, and thus resembles words of Anglo-Saxon origin, I
+  cannot help it, but it was formed <i>secundum artem</i>. As to <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Theriold</span>'s <i>m&#x233;th</i>, unless so written and
+  printed, it will always be pronounced <i>m&#x45E;th</i>, like the French
+  <i>mythe</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the <i>hybrid</i> adjectives, I only wished to avoid increasing
+  the number of them. The French, I believe, have only one, <i>musical</i>;
+  for though, like ourselves, they have made substantives of the Greek
+  <span title="mousikê" class="grk"
+  >&mu;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;&#x1F75;</span> (sc. <span
+  title="technê" class="grk">&tau;&#x1F73;&chi;&nu;&eta;</span>), <span
+  title="phusikê" class="grk"
+  >&phi;&upsilon;&sigma;&iota;&kappa;&#x1F75;</span>, &amp;c., in all other
+  cases they retain the Greek form of the adjective, as in <i>physique</i>,
+  substantive and adjective, while we generally have pairs of adjectives,
+  as <i>philosophic, philosophical</i>; <i>extatic, extatical</i>; &amp;c.
+  Some may think this an advantage; I do not.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Gilbert Family</i> (Vol. vii., p. 259).&mdash;If your
+  correspondent seeking genealogical information in reference to my
+  ancestors, calls on me, I will show him a presentation copy of <i>A
+  Genealogical Memoir of the Gilbert Family in Old and New England</i>, by
+  J.&nbsp;W. Thornton, LL.B., Boston, U.&nbsp;S., 1850, 8vo. pp. 24, only fifty
+  printed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Gilbert.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Alexander Clark</i> (Vol. vii., p. 580.).&mdash;I should feel
+  obliged if J.&nbsp;O. could find leisure to communicate to "N. &amp; Q." some
+  particulars relative to Clark. He is supposed to have been the author of
+  a curious poem: <i>The Institution and Progress of the Buttery College of
+  Slains, in the Parish of Cruden, Aberdeenshire; with a Catalogue of the
+  Books and MSS. in the Library of that University</i>: Aberdeen, 1700. Mr.
+  Peter Buchan thus mentions him in his <i>Gleanings of Scarce Old
+  Ballads</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Clark, a drunken dominie at Slains, author of a poetical dialogue
+  between the gardeners and tailors on the origin of their crafts, and a
+  most curious Latin and English poem called the 'Buttery College of
+  Slains,' which resembled much in language and style Drummond of
+  Hawthornden's 'Polemo Middino.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This poem is printed in Watson's <i>Collection of Scottish Poems</i>,
+  Edin. 1711; and also noticed in the <i>Edinburgh Topographical and
+  Antiquarian Magazine</i>, 1848, last page. I am anxious to ascertain if
+  the emblem writer, and the burlesque poet, be one and the same person.
+  The dates, I confess, are somewhat against this conclusion; but there may
+  have been a previous edition of the <i>Emblematical Representation</i>
+  (1779). The <i>University</i> Clark is supposed to have been an
+  Aberdeenshire man. Possibly J.&nbsp;O. may be able to throw some light on the
+  subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Perthensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Christ's Cross</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.).&mdash;In Morley's
+  <i>Introduction to Practical Music</i>, originally printed in 1597, and
+  which I quote from a reprint by William Randall, in 4to., in 1771,
+  eighteen mortal pages (42-59), which, in my musical ignorance, I humbly
+  confess to be wholly out of my line, are occupied with the "Cantus,"
+  "Tenor," and "Bassus," to the following words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Christes Crosse be my speed in all vertue to proceede, A, b, c, d, e,
+  f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, &amp; t, double w, v, x, with y,
+  ezod, &amp; per se, con per se, tittle tittle est Amen, When you haue
+  done begin again, begin again."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. M.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 19 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page19"></a>{19}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Rebellious Prayer</i> (Vol. vii., p. 286.).&mdash;J. A. may
+  find the poem, of which he quotes the opening lines, in the
+  <i>Churchman's Monthly Penny Magazine</i>, October, 1851, with the
+  signature L.&nbsp;E.&nbsp;P. The magazine is published by Wertheim &amp; Macintosh,
+  24. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. E.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>To the Lords of Convention</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 596.).&mdash;L.
+  <span class="sc">Evans</span> will find the whole of the ballad of
+  "Bonnie Dundee," the first line of which he quotes, in Sir Walter Scott's
+  <i>Doom of Devorgoil</i>, where it is introduced as a song. Singularly
+  enough, his best ballad is thus found in his worst play.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ficulnus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Wooden Tombs and Effigies</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 607.).&mdash;In
+  a chapel adjoining the church of Heveningham in Suffolk, are (or rather
+  were in 1832) the remains of a good altar tomb, with recumbent effigies
+  carved in chesnut, of a knight and his lady: it appeared to be, from the
+  armour and architecture, of the early part of the fifteenth century; and
+  from the arms, <i>Quarterly or and gules within a border engrailed sable,
+  charged with escallops argent</i>, no doubt belonged to the ancient
+  family of Heveningham of that place; probably Sir John Heveningham,
+  knight of the shire for the county of Suffolk in the 1st of Henry IV.</p>
+
+  <p>When I visited this tomb in 1832, it was in a most dilapidated
+  condition: the slab on which the effigy of the knight once rested was
+  broken in; within the head of the lady, which was separated from the
+  body, a thrush had built its nest: notwithstanding, however, the neglect
+  and damp to which the chapel was exposed, these chesnut effigies remained
+  wonderfully sound and perfect.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Spes.</span></p>
+
+  <p>The monument to Sir Walter Traylli and his lady, in Woodford Church in
+  Northamptonshire, is of wood.</p>
+
+  <p>There is a wooden effigy in Gayton Church, Northamptonshire, of a
+  knight templar, recumbent, in a cross-legged position, his feet resting
+  on an animal: over the armour is a surcoat; the helmet is close fitted to
+  the head, his right hand is on the hilt of his sword, a shield is on the
+  left arm.</p>
+
+  <p>There is also a fine wooden effigy of Sir Hugh Bardolph in Burnham
+  Church in Norfolk.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. B.</p>
+
+  <p>In Fersfield Church, in Norfolk, there is a wooden figure to the
+  memory of Sir Robert Du Bois, Kt., ob. 1311. See Bloomfield's
+  <i>Norfolk</i>, vol. i. p. 68.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211.
+  634.).&mdash;Upon reference to the story of the "tubwoman" in p. 133., it
+  will be seen that Mr. Hyde is distinctly stated to have himself married
+  the brewer's widow, and to have married her for her money. It is farther
+  said that Ann Hyde, the mother of Queen Mary and Queen Ann, was the only
+  issue of this marriage; whereas Ann Hyde had four brothers and a sister.
+  No allusion is made in this account to Sir Thomas Ailesbury. Your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Warden</span> says, that "the story
+  has <i>usually</i> been told of the wife of Sir Thomas Ailesbury," and
+  that it may be true of her. Will he have the kindness to furnish a
+  reference to the version of the story in which Sir Thomas Ailesbury is
+  said to have married the tubwoman?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>House-marks</i> (Vol. vii., p. 594.).&mdash;I do not know whether
+  <span class="grk">&alpha;</span>. recollects the frequent occurrence of
+  <i>marks</i> upon sheep in this country. Although I have often seen them,
+  I cannot just now describe one accurately. Some sheep passed my house
+  yesterday which were marked with a <i>cross</i> within a circle.</p>
+
+  <p>Riding with a friend, a miller, in Essex, about thirteen years ago, he
+  jumped out of the gig and over a gate, to seize a sack which was lying in
+  a field. Seeing no initials upon it, I asked how he knew that it was his;
+  when he pointed out to me a fish marked upon it, which he told me had
+  been his own and his father's mark for many years. He also said that most
+  of the millers in the neighbourhood had a peculiar <i>mark</i> (not their
+  names or initials), each a different one for his own sacks.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. J. N.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Amentium haud amantium</i>" (Vol. vii., p. 595.).&mdash;Your
+  correspondent's Query sent me at once to a queer old <i>Terence in
+  English</i>, together with the text, "<i>operâ ac industriâ R.&nbsp;B., in
+  Axholmensi insulâ, Lincolnsherii Epwortheatis</i>. [London, Printed by
+  John Legatt, and are to be sold by Andrew Crooke, at the sign of the
+  Green-Dragon, in Paul's Church Yard. 1641.] 6th Edition."</p>
+
+  <p>Here, as I expected, I found an alliterative translation of the phase
+  in question "For they are fare as they were <i>lunaticke, and not
+  love-sicke</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>The translation, I may add, is in prose.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Oxoniensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Walthamstow.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Megatherium in the British Museum</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  590.).&mdash;It is much to be regretted that <span class="sc">A Foreign
+  Surgeon</span> should not have examined the contents of the room which
+  contains the cast of the skeleton of this animal with a little more
+  attention, before he penned the above article. Had he done so, he would
+  have found many of the original bones, from casts of which the restored
+  skeleton has been constructed, in Wall Cases 9 and 10, and would not have
+  fallen into the error of supposing that it is a <i>fac-simile</i> of the
+  original skeleton at Madrid. <i>That</i> specimen was exhumed near Buenos
+  Ayres in 1789; whilst our restoration <!-- Page 20 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page20"></a>{20}</span>has been made from bones
+  of another individual, many of which are, as I have stated, to be found
+  in the British Museum itself, and others in that of the Royal College of
+  Surgeons. I are not about to defend the propriety of putting the trunk of
+  a palm-tree into the claws of the Megatherium, though I do not suppose
+  that the restorer ever expected, when he did so, that any one would
+  entertain the idea that this gigantic beast was in the habit of climbing
+  trees; but I would fain ask your correspondent on what grounds he makes
+  the dogmatic assertion that "Palms there were none, at that period of
+  telluric formation." I will simply remind him of the vast numbers of
+  fossil fruits, and other remains of palms, in the London clay of the Isle
+  of Sheppey.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pictorial Proverbs</i> (Vol. v., p. 559.).&mdash;Perhaps the book
+  here mentioned is one of the old German <i>Narrenbuchs</i>, or <i>Book of
+  Fools</i>, which were generally illustrated with pictures, of which I
+  have a curious set in my possession.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents give some account of the nature and
+  merits of these books? Are any of them worth translating at the present
+  day? The one from which my pictures were taken has the title <i>Mala
+  Gallina, malum Ovum</i>, and was published at Vienna and Nuremburg. It
+  seems to have been a satire on the female sex; but the text, I am sorry
+  to say, is not in my possession.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Riley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"Hurrah," and other War-cries</i> (Vol. vii., p. 596.).&mdash;The
+  following passage (which I find in my notes with the reference
+  <i>Ménagiana</i>, vol. ii. p. 328.) may partially assist your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Cape</span>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Le cri des anciens Comtes d'Anjou étoit <i>Rallie</i>. En voici
+  l'origine. Eude II., Comte de Blois, marchant avec une armée considérable
+  contre Foulke Nerra, Comte d'Anjou, ces deux princes se rencontrèrent à
+  Pontlevoi sur le Cher, où ils se livrèrent bataille le 6 Juillet, 1016.
+  Foulke eut d'abord quelque désavantage; mais Herbert, Comte du Maine (dit
+  <i>Eveillechien</i>), étant venu à son secours, il rallia ses troupes,
+  and défit absolument, &amp;c. Depuis ce temps-là le cri des anciens
+  Comtes d'Anjou étoit <i>Rallie</i>. Et à ce propos je vous rapporterai ce
+  qu'en dit Maître Vace, surnommé <i>le Clerc de Caen</i>, dans son Roman
+  de Normandie:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'François crie <i>Montjoye</i>, et Normans <i>Dex-aye</i>:</p>
+      <p>Flamands crie <i>Aras</i>, et Angevin <i>Rallie</i>:</p>
+      <p>Et li cuens Thiebaut <i>Chartre</i> et <i>Passavant</i> crie.'"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This last cry is not unlike the Irish "Faugh-a-Ballagh" in
+  signification.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Leresche.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Manchester.</p>
+
+  <p>The following extracts from Sir Francis Palgrave's <i>History of
+  Normandy and England</i>, vol. i. p. 696., explain the origin of the word
+  "Hurrah," respecting which one of your correspondents inquires:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It was a 'wise custom' in Normandy, established by Rollo's decree,
+  that whoever sustained, or feared to sustain, any damage of goods or
+  chattels, life or limb, was entitled to raise the country by the cry of
+  <i>haro</i>, or <i>haron</i>, upon which cry all the lieges were bound to
+  join in pursuit of the offender,&mdash;<i>Haron! Ha Raoul!</i> justice
+  invoked in Duke Rollo's name. Whoever failed to aid, made fine to the
+  sovereign; whilst a heavier mulct was consistently inflicted upon the
+  mocker who raised the <i>clameur de haro</i> without due and sufficient
+  cause, a disturber of the commonwealth's tranquillity.</p>
+
+  <p>"The <i>clameur de haro</i> is the English system of 'hue and cry.'
+  The old English exclamation <i>Harrow!</i> our national vernacular
+  <i>Hurrah!</i> being only a variation thereof, is identical with the
+  supposed invocation of the Norman chieftain; and the usage, suggested by
+  common sense, prevailed under various modifications throughout the
+  greater part of the Pays Coutumier of France."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">A. M. S.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>Among the books which we have for some time intended to bring under
+  the notice of our readers is a new and cheaper edition of <i>The Coin
+  Collector's Manual, or Guide to the Numismatic Student in the Formation
+  of a Cabinet of Coins: comprising an Historical and Critical Account of
+  the Origin and Progress of Coinage, from the Earliest Period to the Fall
+  of the Roman Empire; with some Account of the Coinages of Modern Europe,
+  more especially of Great Britain, by</i> H. Noel Humphreys: and we have
+  been the more anxious to do this, because, except among professed
+  collectors, greater ignorance probably exists on the subject of coins,
+  their date, value, &amp;c., than upon any other subject with which
+  educated people are supposed to possess some acquaintance. Yet there are
+  few numismatic questions likely to occur which ordinary readers would not
+  be enabled to solve by a reference to these two little volumes, enriched
+  as it is with numerous illustrations; especially if they would place
+  beside them Akerman's most useful <i>Numismatic Manual</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>We are indebted to Mr. Murray for two volumes which will be among the
+  pleasant additions to the cheap books of the month, namely, the new
+  volume, being the fourth of the reprint, of Lord Mahon's <i>History of
+  England to the Peace of Versailles</i>, which comprises the interval
+  between the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle and that of Hubertsburg; and in the
+  <i>Railway Reading</i>, for half-a-crown! the fourth edition of
+  Lockhart's spirited translations of <i>Ancient Spanish Ballads,
+  Historical and Romantic</i>. Thanks, Mr. Murray, thanks!</p>
+
+  <p>That Mr. De la Motte, who is so well known as an accomplished
+  draughtsman, should turn his attention to photography, is no slight
+  testimony to the value of the art. That he has become a master in it, may
+  be seen by one glance at his own works on the walls of his Photographic
+  Gallery. The beginner may therefore receive with confidence the results
+  of that gentleman's experience; and <i>The Practice of Photography, a
+  Manual for Students and Amateurs</i>, just published by him, will <!--
+  Page 21 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page21"></a>{21}</span>be found
+  a most useful and instructive companion to every one who is now
+  contemplating an excursion, armed with a camera, for the purpose of
+  securing for the gratification of his friends truthful records of his
+  wanderings. Mr. De la Motte wisely confines his instruction to the paper
+  and glass processes; his details on these are clear and minute, and the
+  book is well worth the money for those pages of it alone which are
+  devoted to the "Chemicals used in Photography."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;<i>On the Archaic Mode
+  of expressing Numbers in English, Saxon, Friesic, &amp;c.</i>, by E.
+  Thomson, Esq.; a learned and ingenious tract, written originally for
+  insertion in "N. &amp; Q.," but which fact ought not to prevent our
+  speaking of it in the terms which it deserves.&mdash;<i>A Few Words in
+  Reply to the Animadversions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce on Mr. Hunter's
+  "Disquisition on the Tempest," 1839, and his "New Illustrations of the
+  Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakspeare," 1845, &amp;c.</i> A short but
+  interesting contribution to Shakspearian criticism, by one who has
+  already done good service in the same cause. If we cannot agree with Mr.
+  Hunter in all that he seeks to establish, we can admire his knowledge of
+  Elizabethan literature, and appreciate the spirit in which he
+  writes.&mdash;<i>The Antiquary.</i> This is the first number of a small
+  work consisting of reprints of proclamations, curious advertisements from
+  early newspapers, and such odd matters as paint more forcibly than the
+  gravest historian, the colours of the times.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Complaynts of Scotland.</span> 8vo. Edited by
+  Leyden. 1804.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Shakspeare's Plays.</span> Vol. V. of Johnson and
+  Steeven's edition, in 15 vols. 8vo. 1739.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Circle of the Seasons.</span> 12mo. London, 1828.
+  (Two Copies.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jones' Account of Aberystwith.</span> Trevecka, 8vo.
+  1779.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">M. C. H. Broemel's Fest-Tanzen der Ersten
+  Christen.</span> Jena, 1705.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cooper's Account of Public Records.</span> 8vo. 1832.
+  Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen.</span>
+  Basil, 1522.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lord Lansdowne's Works.</span> Vol. I. Tonson,
+  1736.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">James Baker's Picturesque Guide to the Local Beauties
+  of Wales.</span> Vol. I. 4to. 1794.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Webster's Dictionary.</span> Vol. II. 4to. 1832.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Walker's Particles.</span> 8vo. old calf, 1683.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Warner's Sermons.</span> 2 Vols. Longman, about
+  1818.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Author's Printing and Publishing Assistant.</span>
+  12mo., cloth, 1842.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sanders' History of Shenstone in
+  Staffordshire.</span> J. Nichols, London. 1794. Two Copies.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Herbert's Carolina Threnodia.</span> 8vo. 1702.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored.</span> 4to. 1726.</p>
+
+  <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to
+  send their names.</i></p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Our Eighth Volume.</span> <i>We avail ourselves of
+  the opportunity afforded by the commencement of a new Volume, to state
+  that our attention has been called to the sharp and somewhat personal
+  tone of several of the recent contributions to "N. &amp; Q.," and which,
+  we are reminded, is the more striking from the marked absence of anything
+  of that character in our earlier Volumes. We are perhaps ourselves
+  somewhat to blame for this, from our strong indisposition to exercise our
+  editorial privilege of omission. Our notice of the subject will, we are
+  sure, be sufficient to satisfy our contributors of the inconvenience
+  which must result to themselves as well as to us from the indulgence in
+  too great license of the pen. We know that when men write</i> currente
+  calamo, <i>words and phrases are apt to escape, the full application of
+  which is not observed, until, as Charles Lamb said, "print proves it;"
+  but being conscious that, when treating on the subjects with which we
+  deal, no one would willingly write anything with design to give offence,
+  we shall in future "play the tyrant" on all such occasions with more
+  vigilance than we have done.</i></p>
+
+  <p>L. K. <i>The lines</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow;</p>
+      <p>The rest is all but leather and prunello."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><i>are from Pope's</i> Essay on Man, <i>Ep. IV.</i> 203. <i>See some
+  curious illustrations of them in our</i> First Volume, pp. 246. 362.
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Blackamoor</span> <i>will find the</i> Cyanogen Soap,
+  <i>manufactured by Thomas, excellent for removing Photographic stains. It
+  is, however, to be used with care, being</i> poisonous.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Albert.</span> <i>The history of the
+  phrase</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Quem Deus vult perdere,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><i>will be seen in our</i> First Volume, pp. 347. 351. 421. 476.;
+  <i>and</i> Second Volume, p. 317.</p>
+
+  <p>I. G. T. <i>Gooseberry</i> Fool <i>is the same as pressed or crushed
+  gooseberries, from the French</i> fouler, <i>to press, tread,
+  &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sir F. Madden</span>'s paper, Was Thomas Lord
+  Lyttelton the Author of Junius's Letters? <i>is unavoidably postponed
+  until next week.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Replies to our numerous</i> <span class="sc">Photographic
+  Querists</span> <i>in our next.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>The</i> Index <i>to our</i> <span class="sc">Seventh Volume</span>
+  <i>will be ready on Saturday the 16th.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now
+  be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">This day is published, price 5<i>s.</i>; or, post free,
+5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>DICKSON AND MOWBRAY ON POULTRY, edited by MRS. LOUDON, with numerous
+  beautiful illustrations by Harvey (including the Cochin-China Fowl). Post
+  8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street,<br />
+Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MILLER'S FLY-LEAVES is the Literary and Supplemental Portion of his
+  LONDON LIBRARIAN. The most extensive Sheet CATALOGUE OF OLD BOOKS
+  published, announcing Monthly for Sale, 1000 CHEAP BOOKS, in all
+  departments of useful and entertaining, as well as scarce and uncommon,
+  Literature. No Book Collector or Librarian should fail to be a
+  Subscriber. It is published about the 21st of each Month, containing 24
+  pages of letter-press, price 2<i>d.</i>, stamped for post, 3<i>d.</i>
+  Annual subscription, 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street,<br />
+Trafalgar Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for July.</span></p>
+
+  <p>MILTON'S PROSE WORKS, Vol. V., containing the Conclusion of THE
+  CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, translated and edited by the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER.
+  With a General Index to the five vols. Post 8vo. cloth. 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street,<br />
+Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for July.</span></p>
+
+  <p>ARISTOTLE'S ORGANON, or, LOGICAL TREATISES, with the INTRODUCTION OF
+  PORPHYRY literally translated, with Notes, Analysis, Introduction, and
+  Index, by the REV. O.&nbsp;F. OWEN, M.A. 2 vols. post 8vo. 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> per volume.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street,<br />
+Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Illustrated Library for July.</span></p>
+
+  <p>CHINA, PICTORIAL, DESCRIPTIVE, and HISTORICAL, with some Account of
+  AVA and the BURMESE, SIAM and ANNAM. Illustrated by nearly one hundred
+  fine engravings on wood. Post 8vo. cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street,<br />
+Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for July.</span></p>
+
+  <p>MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate
+  to the affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1307 Translated by C.&nbsp;D. Yonge, B.A. In 2 vols.
+  post 8vo. cloth. 5<i>s.</i> per volume.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street,<br />
+Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 22 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page22"></a>{22}</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION OF</p>
+
+<h3>BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1853</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IS NOW READY,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>In 1 vol. royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary
+  volumes, with 1,500 accurate Engravings of Arms. Price 38<i>s.</i>
+  bound.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This new and thoroughly revised edition has engaged the author's
+  closest attention for a considerable time. Every line of its voluminous
+  contents has been tested by the most minute research, and every page has
+  been submitted to the members of the various noble and eminent families
+  themselves. Much additional information of the deepest interest has thus
+  been obtained. The collateral branches, too, have been fully investigated
+  and inserted. In addition, great improvements have been made in the
+  Heraldic Illustrations, and arrangement of the printing, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also just published,</p>
+
+<h3>BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY, CORRECTED FOR 1853,</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>In 2 large vols., including the Supplement, printed in double columns
+  (equal in quantity to thirty ordinary volumes). Price 2<i>l.</i>
+  2<i>s.</i> bound, with a separate Index, gratis, of all the names
+  (upwards of 100,000) mentioned in the Work.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The great expense attending the production of this important and truly
+  national Work will preclude its being again printed in so extended and
+  comprehensive a form, and the present opportunity will consequently be
+  the only one afforded for obtaining it.</p>
+
+<h3>EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>New Edition, with numerous Additions and Original Letters, now first
+  published, and a copious Index. Complete in 4 volumes, 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>"This very excellent edition of Evelyn's famous 'Diary' furnishes us
+  with much interesting correspondence never before published. These
+  volumes will be treasures to those who delight in genuine curiosities of
+  literature, while to the student of history they will be invaluable. The
+  work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of our
+  country&mdash;to Hume, Hallam, Macaulay, and
+  Lingard."&mdash;<i>Sun.</i></p>
+
+<h3>HORACE WALPOLE'S MEMOIRS.</h3>
+
+  <p>Edited by ELIOT WARBURTON. Cheaper Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. with
+  Portraits, 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"The Memoirs of Horace Walpole nearly complete the chain of personal,
+  political, and literary history, commencing with Evelyn and Pepys, and
+  ending almost in our own day with the histories of Mr. Macaulay and Lord
+  Mahon. The work is a necessary addition to the library of every English
+  gentleman."&mdash;<i>Standard.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. Contents of the Number for
+  JULY:&mdash;Engraving of the Royal Freemasons' Girls' School; The
+  Increase of Freemasonry; On Benefit Societies, by the Rev. T.&nbsp;A. Buckley;
+  Episodes in the Life of a Freemason; The Countess and the Serf, by Miss
+  Pardoe; The Knights of St. Helen's; On Symbols and Symbolism; A Relic of
+  the Pretender; Eleanora Ulfeld; The Prison Flower, by Miss Pardoe; Olden
+  Holiday Customs; Si j'étais Roi; Correspondence. Masonic
+  Intelligence:&mdash;Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of
+  England; United Grand Lodge; Grand Conclave of Masonic Knights Templar;
+  The Ancient and Accepted Rite; Royal Freemasons' Girls' School; Royal
+  Masonic Benevolent Institution; Metropolitan; Provincial; Scotland;
+  Colonial. Interesting Discovery at Jerusalem. Obituary. Notices to
+  Correspondents.</p>
+
+  <p>The Third Number will be published on the 30th of September.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">ROUTLEDGE &amp; CO., Farringdon Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IRISH EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.&mdash;NOTICE is hereby given, That from and
+  after the 4th July next, the SCHOOL BOOKS used by the COMMISSIONERS OF
+  NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND, may be obtained from the Office, Merrion
+  Street, Dublin, for Ready Money only, by the Trade (and by Private
+  Persons ordering them in quantities of the value of 10<i>l.</i> and
+  upwards), at the under mentioned Prices.</p>
+
+  <p>From the above date the Commissioners will supply no books, except to
+  the Irish National Schools.</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Irish Educational Books." title="Irish Educational Books.">
+<tr><td> &nbsp; </td><td> <i>s.</i> &nbsp; <i>d.</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td> First Book of Lessons </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 0½</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Second &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Sequel to Second Book, No. 1. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ditto, &nbsp; &nbsp;No. 2. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Fourth Book of Lessons </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 7</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Supplement to Fourth Book </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 8</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Fifth Book of Lessons </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 7</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Girl's Reading Book </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 7</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Biographical Sketches of British Poets </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 9</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Selections from British Poets. Vol. I. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 8</td></tr>
+<tr><td> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ditto, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Vol. II. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 9</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Introduction to the Art of Reading </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 5</td></tr>
+<tr><td> English Grammar </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Key to ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 0½</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Third Book of Lessons </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 6</td></tr>
+<tr><td> First Arithmetic </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Key to ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Arithmetic in Theory and Practice </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 7</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Book Keeping </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Key to ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Epitome of Geography </td><td> 0 10</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Compendium of ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Elements of Geometry </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 3</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Mensuration </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 5</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Appendix to ditto </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Scripture Lessons, Old Testament, No. 1. &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ditto, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No. 2. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;New Testament, No. 1. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ditto, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; No. 2. </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 4</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Sacred Poetry </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 1</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Lessons on Truth of Christianity </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 2</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Agricultural Class Book </td><td> 0 &nbsp; 6</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Farm Account Book </td><td> 1 &nbsp; 2</td></tr>
+<tr><td> Treatise on Needlework </td><td> 1 &nbsp; 7</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Stationery Office, 27th May, 1853.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JULY, 1853, being the First of a New
+  Volume, contains:&mdash;1. Memoirs of Thomas Moore. 2. Wanderings of an
+  Antiquary, from York to Godmanham (with Engravings). 3. Female Novelists.
+  4. Political Caricature, temp. Charles I. 5. A Midland Town (Leicester)
+  in the Reign of George III., and Mr. Gardiner's Anecdotes of T. Moore. 6.
+  Historical Notes on the Retaining of Counsel. 7. Roman Antiquities found
+  at Kingsholm, near Gloucester. 8. Remains of Norman Cross at Birstall,
+  co. York (with an Engraving). 9. The Bourne Stream near Croydon. 10. Dr.
+  Guest on the Etymology of Stonehenge. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:
+  The Itinerary of Richard of Cirencester.&mdash;The Roches and Viscounty
+  of Fermoy.&mdash;Recent repairs of Lambeth Church.&mdash;Early state of
+  St. James's Park.&mdash;Postmen, temp. Charles I., &amp;c. &amp;c. With
+  Notes of the Month, Reviews of New Publications, Historical Chronicle,
+  and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>, including Memoirs of the Earl of
+  Ducie, Lord Dacre, Sir John Hope, Bart., Sir Charles A. Elton, Bart.,
+  Lt.-Gen. Sir R. Arbuthnot, Vice-Adm. Sir F. Mason, Sir Richard B. Comyn,
+  Culling C. Smith, Esq., J.&nbsp;L. Dampier, Esq., Ludwig Tieck, &amp;c. Price
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing
+  Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind,
+  and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all
+  Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON &amp; STONEMAN.
+  Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
+  careful perusal of our invalid reader."&mdash;<i>John Bull Newspaper,
+  June</i> 5, 1852.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">MURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">New and Cheaper Edition.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100
+  Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 5<i>s.</i>, bound.</p>
+
+  <p>MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and
+  Practical Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families.
+  in which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as
+  comfort and elegance."&mdash;<i>Morning Post.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of
+  domestic economy that has yet been given to the world."&mdash;<i>John
+  Bull.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the
+  test of <i>family</i> experience, and numerous editorial and
+  typographical improvements throughout."&mdash;<i>Spectator.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new
+  work."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary
+  household."&mdash;<i>Atlas.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous
+  language, this can scarcely be surpassed."&mdash;<i>Economist.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and
+  gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in
+  general."&mdash;<i>Builder.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this
+  cookery book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points
+  out how an excellent dinner may be best
+  secured."&mdash;<i>Express.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">NOW READY,</p>
+
+  <p>The most extraordinary Work of the Season,</p>
+
+  <p>THE ADVENTURES OF A LADY IN TARTARY, THIBET, CHINA, and KASHMIR;
+  through portions of territory never before visited by European. With an
+  Account of the Journey from the Punjab to Bombay Overland, via the famous
+  Caves of Ajunta and Ellora. Also, an Account of the Mahalleshwur and
+  Neilgherry Mountains, the Sanataria of the Bombay and Madras
+  Presidencies. With Engravings, Portraits and Maps. In Three thick Vols.,
+  post 8vo., price 37<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>AGNES MAYNARD; or, Dreams and Realities. By the Authoress of "The
+  Garden in the Wilderness," &amp;c. One Vol. post 8vo., price 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> Ready on Monday at all the Libraries.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>ROSA ST. ORME, and OTHER TALES. By MRS. LOCKE. One Vol., post 8vo.,
+  price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Ready on the 1st at all the Libraries.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING; or, the Religion of England staked on the
+  Opening or Shutting of the Crystal Palace on Sundays. A Farce, in many
+  Acts. By A CLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. Price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>CONVICTS and COLONIES; Thoughts on Transportation and Colonisation,
+  with reference to the Islands and Mainland of Northern Australia. By
+  G.&nbsp;S. MORRIS, B.A., Vicar of Bretforton, Worcestershire, formerly one of
+  Her Majesty's Chaplains in the island of Van Diemen's Land. Price
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VI.</p>
+
+  <p>IMPORTANT to AUTHORS.&mdash;New Publishing Arrangements.&mdash;HOPE
+  &amp; CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, have
+  resolved to charge no commission for publishing Works printed by them,
+  until the Author has been refunded his original outlay. They would also
+  state that they print, in the first style, greatly under the usual
+  charges; while their publishing arrangements enable them to promote the
+  interest of all Works intrusted to their charge. Estimates and every
+  particular furnished gratuitously in course of post.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 23 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page23"></a>{23}</span></p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &amp;c.)
+  may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+  procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+  practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i>
+  4<i>d.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+  Translated from the French.</p>
+
+  <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER &amp; SON'S
+  celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p>
+
+  <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and
+  other Talbotype Papers.</p>
+
+  <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p>
+
+  <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS, Foster Lane,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of
+  Silver).&mdash;J.&nbsp;B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the
+  first in England who published the application of this agent (see
+  <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.)
+  retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired
+  for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound
+  mixed as required. J.&nbsp;B. HOCKIN &amp; CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and
+  all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the
+  Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the
+  open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best
+  Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+  Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>T. OTTEWILL (from Horne &amp; Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call
+  the attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the
+  superiority of his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS,
+  possessing the efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera,
+  with the portability and convenience of the Folding Ditto.</p>
+
+  <p>Every description of Apparatus to order.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL
+LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum
+  of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying
+  with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid
+  during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per
+  cent. on the Sum Assured.</p>
+
+  <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders
+  being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the
+  benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK
+  OF PARTNERSHIP.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the
+  next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later
+  Assurers.</p>
+
+  <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need
+  be paid for the first five years.</p>
+
+  <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p>
+
+  <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies
+  are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p>
+
+  <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+  Society's Agents, or of</p>
+
+  <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">99. <i>Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br />
+      T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br />
+      G. H. Drew, Esq.<br />
+      W. Evans, Esq.<br />
+      W. Freeman, Esq.<br />
+      F. Fuller, Esq.<br />
+      J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+      J. Hunt, Esq.<br />
+      J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br />
+      E. Lucas, Esq.<br />
+      J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br />
+      J. B. White, Esq.<br />
+      J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+<i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br />
+<i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 17</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 32</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 22</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 37</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 27</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 42</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,</p>
+
+  <p>RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that
+  he replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information
+  respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN,
+  &amp;c., &amp;c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with
+  Sketches, Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct
+  communications by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory
+  arrangement. PARCELS delivered Free by Railway.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">ESTABLISHED 1841.</p>
+
+<h3>MEDICAL, INVALID, <span class="scac">AND</span> GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">25. PALL MALL.</p>
+
+  <p>During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than <i>Four
+  Thousand One Hundred and Fifty Policies</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>Covering Assurances to the extent of <i>One Million Six Hundred and
+  Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to <i>Seventy-three Thousand
+  Pounds</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of
+  Diseased Lives.</p>
+
+  <p>Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most
+  other Offices.</p>
+
+  <p>A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies
+  at last Division of Profits.</p>
+
+  <p>Next Division in 1853&mdash;in which all Policies effected before 30th
+  June, 1853, will participate.</p>
+
+  <p>Agents wanted for vacant places.</p>
+
+  <p>Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be
+  obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any
+  of the Society's Agents in the country.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.</p>
+      <p>C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by
+  post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+  Bedsteads; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts.
+  And their new warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room
+  Furniture, Furniture Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render
+  their Establishment complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HEAL &amp; SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers,
+196. Tottenham Court Road.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 24 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page24"></a>{24}</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED,</p>
+
+  <p>FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR July, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, or by Post,
+  3<i>s.</i>, containing:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The Navy of France.</p>
+      <p>Cayley's Las Alforjas.</p>
+      <p>The Tables Turned.</p>
+      <p>Wanted&mdash;an Owner.&mdash;Some Account of certain Bones found in a Vault beneath Rothwell Church.</p>
+      <p>History of the Prussian Court and Aristocracy.</p>
+      <p>Bertha's Love.</p>
+      <p>Carpiana.</p>
+      <p>Lorenzo Benomi.</p>
+      <p>Chimney Pots. By a Grumbler.</p>
+      <p>Emily Orford. Part I.</p>
+      <p>Mahomet's Song.</p>
+      <p>Belgium, Leopold, and the Duke of Brabant.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Dedicated by Special Permission to Her
+Majesty.</p>
+
+  <p>MELIORA; or, Better Times to Come. Edited by VISCOUNT INGESTRE. <span
+  class="sc">The Second Series</span>, 5<i>s.</i>, containing Contributions
+  by</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Contributors." title="Contributors.">
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Rev. T. Beames. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </td><td class="spacsingle"> John Leigh.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> T. Beggs. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Viscount Lewisham, M.P.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Dr. G. Bell. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Rev. H. Mackenzie.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Earl of Carlisle. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Hon. and Rev. S. G. Osborne.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Rev. J. Field. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Rev. T. F. Stooks.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Montagu Gore. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Lord Teignmouth.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="rightbsing"> Dr. Guy. </td><td class="spacsingle"> Alex. Thomson.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">With some Papers by Working Men.</p>
+
+  <p>MELIORA. <span class="sc">The First Series.</span> Second Edition,
+  5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>BACON'S ESSAYS; or, Counsels, Civil and Moral: with a Table of the
+  Colours of Good and Evil. Revised from the early Copies, with the
+  References now first supplied, and a few Notes, by T. MARKBY, M.A.
+  1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Editor,</p>
+
+  <p>BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. 2<i>s.</i> in cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>HOOKER'S ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. Book I. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>ANALYSIS OF GRECIAN HISTORY. By DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A., Head Master of
+  the Royal Institution, Liverpool. 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>ANALYSIS OF ROMAN HISTORY. 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND OF FRENCH HISTORY. Second Edition.
+  2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON,<br />
+West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.&mdash;No. III. JULY.</p>
+
+  <div class="contents">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><span class="sc">Contents</span>:</p>
+      <p>1. A Trip to Leipsic Fair.</p>
+      <p>2. The Nurse's Tale.</p>
+      <p>3. Modern Spanish Poetry.&mdash;Zorilla.</p>
+      <p>4. Erskine's Cruise in the Pacific.</p>
+      <p>5. Castle Building.</p>
+      <p>6. Modern French Art.&mdash;Ary Scheffer.</p>
+      <p>7. The History of the Harp.</p>
+      <p>8. Evening Twilight.</p>
+      <p class="i6">Price One Shilling.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Albemarle Street</span>,<br /><i>July</i> 1853.</p>
+
+<h3>MR. MURRAY'S</h3>
+
+<h2>LIST OF NEW WORKS.</h2>
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CAPTIVITY OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA. From the LETTERS and JOURNALS
+  of SIR HUDSON LOWE; and other official Documents, not before made public.
+  By WILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A. Portrait and Map. 3 vols. 8vo. 45<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CONCLUDING VOLUMES OF THE DIARY OF GEORGE GRENVILLE, while First
+  Lord of the Treasury; including unpublished LETTERS OF JUNIUS. 2 vols.
+  8vo. 32<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>NARRATIVE OF AN EXPLORING EXPEDITION IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA. By
+  FRANCIS GALTON, ESQ. Plates and Maps. Post 8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>TEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE TUSKI; with Incidents of an Arctic
+  Boat Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as far as the Mackenzie
+  River and Cape Bathurst. By LIEUT. W.&nbsp;H. HOOPER, R.N. Plates and Map.
+  8vo. 14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>THE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, and of many who have lived there, including
+  the Private Memoirs of a Family in the Time of the Civil Wars, &amp;c. By
+  the RIGHT HON. GEORGE BANKES, M.P. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VI.</p>
+
+  <p>A HUNTER'S SOLITARY RAMBLES AND ADVENTURES IN THE PRAIRIES. By JOHN
+  PALLISER, Esq., Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VII.</p>
+
+  <p>A FOUR WEEKS' SUMMER TOUR IN NORWAY, during 1852. By JOHN G. HOLLWAY,
+  ESQ. Fcap. 8vo. 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p>
+
+  <p>THE ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC, including the Feejees, and others
+  inhabited by the Polynesian Negro Races. By CAPT. JOHN ERSKINE, R.N. Map
+  and Plates. 8vo. 16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IX.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES, during the CONGRESS OF VIENNA, BATTLE OF
+  WATERLOO, &amp;c. Edited by the MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. Third and last
+  Series. 4 vols. 8vo. 56<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">X.</p>
+
+  <p>NINEVEH AND BABYLON: Being the Result of a SECOND EXPEDITION TO
+  ASSYRIA, with RESEARCHES at NINEVEH and BABYLON. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD,
+  M.P. 12th Thousand. Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 21<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XI.</p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF GREECE. Continued from the Accession to the Death of Philip
+  of Macedon. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vol. XI. 8vo. 16<i>s.</i> (The 12th
+  Volume will complete the work.)</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XII.</p>
+
+  <p>A HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the PEACE OF UTRECHT. By LORD MAHON.
+  Library Edition. Vols. I. to VI. 8vo. 78<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p>
+
+  <p>LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Cheap and Popular Edition. Vols. I.
+  to IV. Post 8vo. 6<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Now ready, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> By Post, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE PRACTICE OF PHOTOGRAPHY. A Manual for Students and Amateurs. By
+  PHILIP DELAMOTTE, F.S.A. Illustrated with a Photographic Picture taken by
+  the Collodion Process. This Manual contains much practical information of
+  a valuable nature.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. New Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, Second enlarged Edition, 8vo.,
+cloth boards, 8<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>WILLIAMS' NEW ZEALAND DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR. Dictionary of the New
+  Zealand or Maori language. Two Parts. With a Grammar and Colloquial
+  Phrases. By the REV. W. WILLIAMS, Archdeacon of Waiapu.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">WILLIAMS &amp; NORGATE. 14. Henrietta
+Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">NIBELUNGEN IN ENGLISH VERSE.</p>
+
+  <p>THE FALL OF THE NIBELUNGERS, otherwise the Book of Kriemhild: a
+  Translation of the Nibelungen Not, or Nibelungenlied. By W. NANSON
+  LETTSOM, Esq. 8vo., cloth boards, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WILLIAMS &amp; NORGATE,<br />
+14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CLERGYMEN and GENTLEMEN intending to publish, either Volumes or
+  Pamphlets, during the approaching season, may enter into arrangements
+  with a PUBLISHER of experience and energy, who will use his most zealous
+  endeavours to promote the literary and commercial success of works
+  confided to his care.</p>
+
+  <p>Address to BETA, care of MR. HARRILD, Printer, Silver Street, Falcon
+  Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SPECTACLES.&mdash;WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a
+  Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a
+  Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's
+  Optometer, in the selection of spectacles suitable to every derangement
+  of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p>
+
+  <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited
+  at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are
+  so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the
+  surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely
+  removed; and a telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power
+  and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the
+  various sizes on application to</p>
+
+  <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dustan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, July 2.
+  1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2,
+1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: April 2, 2009 [EBook #28474]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{1}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 192.]
+SATURDAY, JULY 2. 1853..
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                              Page
+  Oblation of a white Bull                                 1
+  Newstead Abbey, by W. S. Hasleden                        2
+  On a celebrated Passage in "Romeo and Juliet,"
+  Act III. Sc. 2., by S. W. Singer                         3
+  On the Passage from "King Lear"                          4
+  Manners of the Irish, by H. T. Ellacombe, &c.            4
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Burial in an Erect Posture--The
+  Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout, 1571--The
+  last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in
+  Canada--National Methods of applauding--Curious
+  Posthumous Occurrence                                    5
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Did Captain Cook first discover the Sandwich Islands?
+  by J. S. Warden                                          6
+  Superstition of the Cornish Miners                       7
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Clerical Duel--Pistol--Council
+  of Laodicea, Canon 35.--Pennycomequick, adjoining
+  Plymouth--Park the Antiquary--Honorary D.C.L.'s--
+  Battle of Villers en Couche--Dr. Misaubin--Kemble,
+  Willet, and Forbes--Piccalyly--Post-Office about
+  1770--"Carefully examined and well-authenticated"--
+  Sir Heister Ryley--Effigies with folded Hands            7
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Passage in
+  Bishop Horsley--"Marry come up!"--Dover Court--
+  Porter--Dr. Whitaker's ingenious Earl--Dissimulate       9
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Bishop Ken, by the Rev. J. H. Markland                  10
+  Bohn's Edition of Hoveden, by James Graves              11
+  Coleridge's Christabel, by J. S. Warden                 11
+  Its                                                     12
+  Family of Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                  12
+  Books of Emblems--Jacob Behmen, by C. Mansfield
+  Ingleby                                                 13
+  Raffaelle's Sposalizio                                  14
+  Windfall                                                14
+  Mr. Justice Newton, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe and
+  F. Kyffin Lenthall                                      15
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Lyte's
+  Treatment of Positives--Stereoscopic Angles--Query
+  respecting Mr. Pollock's Process--Gallo-nitrate of
+  Silver                                                  15
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Verney Note
+  decyphered--Emblems by John Bunyan--Mr. Cobb's
+  Diary--"Sat cito si sat bene"--Mythe versus Myth--The
+  Gilbert Family--Alexander Clark--Christ's Cross--The
+  Rebellious Prayer--"To the Lords of Convention"--
+  Wooden Tombs and Effigies--Lord Clarendon and the
+  Tubwoman--House-marks--"Amentium haud amantium"--
+  The Megatherium in the British Museum--Pictorial
+  Proverbs--"Hurrah," and other War-cries                 17
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                     20
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            21
+  Notices to Correspondents                               21
+  Advertisements                                          21
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+OBLATION OF A WHITE BULL.
+
+By lease dated 28th April, 1533, the Abbat of St. Edmund's Bury demised to
+John Wright, glazier, and John Anable, pewterer, of Bury, the manor of
+Haberdon appurtenant to the office of Sacrist in that monastery, with four
+acres in the Vynefeld, for twenty years, at the rent of 5l. 4s. to the
+Sacrist; the tenants also to find a white bull every year of their term, as
+often as it should happen that any gentlewoman, or any other woman, should,
+out of devotion, visit the shrine of the glorious king and martyr of St.
+Edmund, and wish to make the oblation of a white bull. (Dodsw. Coll. in
+_Bibl. Bodl._, vol. lxxi. f. 72.)
+
+If we are to understand a white bull of the ancient race of wild white
+cattle, it may be inferred, I suppose, that in some forest in the vicinity
+of Bury St. Edmund's they had not disappeared in the first half of the
+sixteenth century. The wild cattle, probably indigenous to the great
+Caledonian forest, seem to have become extinct in a wild state before the
+time of Leland, excepting where preserved in certain ancient parks, as
+Chillingham Park, Northumberland, Gisburne Park in Craven, &c., where they
+were, and in the former at all events still are, maintained in their
+original purity of breed. They were preserved on the lands of some abbeys;
+for instance, by the Abbats of Whalley, Lancashire.
+
+Whitaker (_History of Craven_, p. 34.) mentions Gisburne Park as chiefly
+remarkable for a herd of wild cattle, descendants of that indigenous race
+which once roamed in the great forests of Lancashire, and they are said by
+some other writer to have been originally brought to Gisburne from Whalley
+after the dissolution. One of the descendants of Robert de Brus, the
+founder of Gainsborough Priory, is stated by Matthew Paris to have
+conciliated King John with a present of white cattle. The woods of
+Chillingham Castle are celebrated at this day for the breed of this
+remarkable race, by which they are inhabited; and I believe there are three
+or four other places in which they are preserved.
+
+In the form and direction of the horns, these famous wild white oxen seem
+to be living {2} representatives of the race whose bones are found in a
+fossil state in England and some parts of the Continent in the "diluvium"
+bone-caves, mixed with the bones of bears, hyenas, and other wild animals,
+now the cotemporaries of the Bos Gour, or Asiatic Ox, upon mountainous
+slopes of Western India. I have read that white cattle resembling the wild
+cattle of Chillingham exist in Italy, and that it has been doubted whether
+our British wild cattle are descendants of an aboriginal race, or were
+imported by ecclesiastics from Italy. But this seems unlikely, because they
+were not so easily brought over as the Pope's _bulls_ (the pun is quite
+unavoidable), and were undoubtedly inhabitants of our ancient forests at a
+very early period.
+
+However, my present object is only to inquire for any other instances of
+the custom of offering a white bull in honour of a Christian saint. Perhaps
+some of your correspondents would elucidate this singular oblation.
+
+I am not able to refer to Col. Hamilton Smith's work on the mythology and
+ancient history of the ox, which may possibly notice this kind of offering.
+
+W. S. G.
+
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NEWSTEAD ABBEY.
+
+The descent of property, like the family pedigree, occasionally exhibits
+the most extraordinary disruptions; and to those who may be ignorant of the
+cause, the effect may appear as romance. I have been particularly struck
+with the two interesting papers contained in the April number of the
+_Archaeological Journal_, having reference to the Newstead Abbey estate,
+formerly the property of Lord Byron's family, which, amongst other matters,
+contain some severe remarks on the conduct of one of its proprietors, the
+great uncle and predecessor of our great poet, and having reference to
+dilapidation. Mr. Pettigrew, in his paper, states that--
+
+    "Family differences, particularly during the time of the fifth Lord
+    Byron, _of eccentric and unsocial manners_, suffered and even aided the
+    dilapidations of time. The castellated stables and offices are,
+    however, yet to be seen."
+
+And Mr. Ashpitel adds that--
+
+    "The state of Newstead at the time the poet succeeded to the estate is
+    not generally known: '_the wicked lord_' had felled all the noble oaks,
+    destroyed the finest herds of deer, and, in short, had denuded the
+    estate of everything he could. The hirelings of the attorney did the
+    rest: they stripped away all the furniture, and everything the law
+    would permit them to remove. The buildings on the east side were
+    unroofed; the old Xenodochium, and the grand refectory, were full of
+    hay; and the entrance-hall and monks' parlour were stable for cattle.
+    In the only habitable part of the building, a place then used as a sort
+    of scullery, under the only roof that kept out wet of all this vast
+    pile, the fifth Lord Byron breathed his last; and to this inheritance
+    the poet succeeded."
+
+It is not necessary for me to refer to the lofty expression of the poet's
+feelings on such his inheritance, nor to the necessity of his parting from
+the estate, which appears now to be happily restored to its former
+splendour; but possessing some knowledge of a lamentable fact, that neither
+Mr. Pettigrew nor Mr. Ashpitel appears to be aware of, I feel inclined to
+soften the asperity of the reflections quoted; and palliate, although I may
+not justify, the apparently reckless proceedings of the eccentric fifth
+Lord, as he is called. In the years 1796 and 1797, after finishing my
+clerkship, I had a seat in the chambers of the late Jas. Hanson, Esq., an
+eminent conveyancer of Lincoln's Inn; and while with him, amongst other
+peers of the realm who came to consult Mr. Hanson regarding their property,
+we had this _eccentric_ fifth Lord Byron, who apparently came up to town
+for the purpose, and under the most painful and pitiable load of
+distress,--and I must confess that I felt for him exceedingly; but his case
+was past remedy, and, after some daily attendance, pouring forth his
+lamentations, he appears to have returned home to subside into the reckless
+operations reported of him. His case was this:--Upon the marriage of his
+son, he, as any other father would do, granted a settlement of his
+property, including the Newstead Abbey estate; but by some unaccountable
+inadvertence or negligence of the lawyers employed, the ultimate reversion
+of the fee-simple of the property, instead of being left, as it ought to
+have been, in the father as the owner of the estates, was limited to the
+heirs of the son. And upon his death, and failure of the issue of the
+marriage, the unfortunate father, _this eccentric lord_, found himself
+robbed of the fee-simple of his own inheritance, and left merely the naked
+tenant for life, without any legal power of raising money upon it, or even
+of cutting down a tree. It is so many years ago, that I now do not remember
+the detail of what passed on these consultations, but it would appear, that
+if the lawyers were aware of the effect of the final limitation, neither
+father nor son appear to have been informed of it, or the result might have
+been corrected, and his lordship would probably have kept up the estate in
+its proper order. Whether this case was at all a promoting cause of the
+alteration of the law, I do not know; but, as the law now stands, the
+estate would revert back to the father as heir of this son. This case made
+a lasting impression on me, and I once had to correct a similar erroneous
+proposition in a large intended settlement; and I quoted this unfortunate
+accident as an authority. Now, although this relation may not fully justify
+the reckless waste that appears to have been committed, it certainly is a
+palliative. I do not recollect whether {3} our fifth lord had any surviving
+daughter to provide for; but if he had, his situation would be a still more
+aggravated position.
+
+W. S. HASLEDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON A CELEBRATED PASSAGE IN "ROMEO AND JULIET," ACT III. SC. 2.
+
+Few passages in Shakspeare have so often and so ineffectually been
+"winnowed" as the opening of the beautiful and passionate soliloquy of
+Juliet, when ardently and impatiently invoking night's return, which was to
+bring her newly betrothed lover to her arms. It stands thus in the first
+folio, from which the best quarto differs only in a few unimportant points
+of orthography:
+
+ "Gallop apace, you fiery footed steedes,
+  Towards Phoebus' lodging, such a wagoner
+  As Phaeton should whip you to the wish,
+  And bring in cloudie night immediately.
+  Spred thy close curtaine, Loue-performing night,
+  That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo
+  Leape to these armes, untalkt of and unseene", &c.
+
+The older commentators do not attempt to change the word _run-awayes_, but
+seek to explain it. Warburton says Phoebus is the runaway. Steevens has a
+long argument to prove that Night is the runaway. Douce thought Juliet
+herself was the runaway; and at a later period the Rev. Mr. Halpin, in a
+very elegant and ingenious essay, attempts to prove that by the runaway we
+must understand Cupid.
+
+MR. KNIGHT and MR. COLLIER have both of them adopted Jackson's conjecture
+of _unawares_, and have admitted it to the honour of a place in the text,
+but MR. DYCE has pronounced it to be "villainous;" and it must be confessed
+that it has nothing but a slight similarity to the old word to recommend
+it. MR. DYCE himself has favoured us with three suggestions; the first two
+in his _Remarks on Collier and Knight's Shakspeare_, in 1844, where he
+says--
+
+    "That _ways_ (the last syllable of _run-aways_) ought to be _days_, I
+    feel next to certain; but what word originally preceded it I do not
+    pretend to determine:
+
+     'Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night!
+      That rude/soon (?) Day's eyes may wink, and Romeo
+      Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen,' &c."
+
+The correctors of MR. COLLIER's folio having substituted--
+
+ "That _enemies_ eyes may wink,"
+
+MR. DYCE, in his recent _Few Notes_, properly rejects that reading, and
+submits another conjecture of his own, founded on the supposition that the
+word _roving_ having been written illegibly, _roavinge_ was mistaken for
+_run-awayes_, and proposes to read--
+
+ "That _roving_ eyes may wink."
+
+Every suggestion of MR. DYCE, certainly the most competent of living
+commentators on Shakspeare, merits attention; but I cannot say that I think
+he has succeeded in either of his proposed readings.
+
+Monck Mason seems to have had the clearest notion of the requirements of
+the passage. He saw that "the word, whatever the meaning of it might be,
+was intended as a proper name;" but he was not happy in suggesting
+_renomy_, a French word with an English termination.
+
+In the course of his note he mentions that Heath, "the author of the
+_Revisal_, reads '_Rumour's_ eyes may wink;' which agrees in sense with the
+rest of the passage, but differs widely from _run-aways_ in the trace of
+the letters."
+
+I was not conscious of having seen this suggestion of Heath's, when, in
+consequence of a question put to me by a gentleman of distinguished taste
+and learning, I turned my thoughts to the passage, and at length came to
+the conclusion that the word must have been _rumourers_, and that from its
+unfrequent occurrence (the only other example of it at present known to me
+being one afforded by the poet) the printer mistook it for _runawayes_;
+which, when written indistinctly, it may have strongly resembled. I
+therefore think that we may read with some confidence:
+
+ "Spread thy close curtains, love-performing Night,
+  That _rumourers'_ eyes may wink, and Romeo
+  Leap to these arms, _untalk'd of_ and _unseen_."
+
+It fulfils the requirements of both metre and sense, and the words
+_untalk'd of_ and _unseen_ make it nearly indisputable. I had at first
+thought it might be "_rumorous_ eyes;" but the personification would then
+be wanting. Shakspeare has personified _Rumour_ in the Introduction to the
+Second Part of _King Henry IV._; and in _Coriolanus_, Act IV. Sc. 6., we
+have--
+
+ "Go see this _rumourer_ whipp'd."
+
+I am gratified by seeing that I have anticipated your able correspondent,
+the REV. MR. ARROWSMITH, in his elucidation of "_clamour_ your tongues," by
+citing the same passage from Udall's _Apophthegmes_, in my _Vindication of
+the Text of Shakspeare_, p. 79. It is a pleasure which must console me for
+having subjected myself to his just animadversion on another occasion. If
+those who so egregiously blunder are to be spared the castigation justly
+merited, we see by late occurrences to what it may lead; and your
+correspondent, in my judgment, is conferring a favour on all true lovers of
+our great poet by exposing pretension and error, from whatever quarter it
+may come,--a duty which has been sadly neglected in some late partial
+reviews of MR. COLLIER's "clever" corrector. MR. ARROWSMITH's
+communications have been so truly _ad rem_, that I think I shall be
+expressing the sentiments of all your readers interested in such {4}
+matters, in expressing an earnest desire for their continuance.
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON THE PASSAGE FROM "KING LEAR."
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 592.)
+
+Will you allow me to suggest to your ingenious Leeds correspondent (whose
+communications would be read with only the more pleasure if they evinced a
+little more respect for the opinions of others) that before he asserts the
+existence of a certain error which he points out in a passage in _King
+Lear_ to be "undeniable," it would be desirable that he should support this
+improved reading by other passages from Shakspeare, or from cotemporary
+writers, in which the word he proposes occurs? For my own part, I think
+A. E. B.'s suggestion well worthy of consideration, but I cannot admit that
+it "demonstrates itself," or "that any attempt to support it by argument
+would be absurd," for it would unquestionably strengthen his case to show
+that the verb "recuse" was not entirely obsolete in Shakspeare's time.
+Neither can I admit that there is an "obvious opposition between _means_
+and _defects_," the two words having no relation to each other. The
+question is, which of two words must be altered; and at present I must own
+I am inclined to put more faith in the authority of "the old corrector"
+than in A. E. B.
+
+Having taken up my pen on this subject, allow me to remark upon the manner
+in which MR. COLLIER's folio is referred to by your correspondent. I have
+carefully considered many of the emendations proposed, and feel in my own
+mind satisfied that _so great a number_ that, in the words of your
+correspondent, _demonstrate themselves_, could not have been otherwise than
+adopted from some authority. Even in the instance of the passage from Henry
+V., "on a table of green friese," which A. E. B. selects, I presume, as
+being especially absurd, I think "the old corrector" right; although I had
+frequently cited Theobald's correction as particularly happy, and therefore
+the new version was at first to me very distasteful. But, whatever opinion
+may be held as to the value of the book, it is surely unbecoming to the
+discussion of a literary question to indulge in the unsparing insinuations
+that have been thrown out on all sides respecting it. I leave out of
+question the circumstance, that the long and great services of MR. COLLIER
+ought to protect him at least from such unworthy treatment.
+
+SAMUEL HICKSON.
+
+P.S.--Since writing the above, I have seen MR. KEIGHTLEY's letter. I hope
+he will not deprive the readers of "N. & Q." of the benefit of his valuable
+communications for the offences of one or two. He might consider, first,
+that his own dignity would suffer least by letting them pass by him "as the
+idle wind;" and, secondly, that some allowance should be made for gentlemen
+who engage in controversy on a subject which, strangely enough, next to
+religion, seems to be most productive of discord.
+
+S. H.
+
+ "I have no way, and therefore want no eyes;
+  I stumbled when I saw. Full oft 'tis seen
+  Our means _secure_ us; and our mere defects
+  Prove our commodities."
+
+Does not Shakspeare here use _secure_ as a verb, in the sense "to make
+careless?" If so, the passage would mean, "Our means," that is, our power,
+our strength, make us wanting in care and vigilance, and too
+self-confident. Gloucester says, "I stumbled when I saw;" meaning, When I
+had eyes I walked carelessly; when I had the "means" of seeing and avoiding
+stumbling-blocks, I stumbled and fell, because I walked without care and
+watchfulness. Then he adds, "And our mere defects prove our commodities."
+Our deficiencies, our weaknesses (the sense of them), make us use such care
+and exertions as to prove advantages to us. Thus the antithesis is
+preserved.
+
+How scriptural is the first part of the passage!
+
+    "Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall."--1 Cor. x.
+    12.
+
+    "He hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down; there
+    shall no harm happen unto me."--Ps. x. 6.
+
+The second part is also scriptural:
+
+    "My strength is made perfect in weakness."--2 Cor. xii. 9.
+
+    "When I am weak then am I strong."--2 Cor. xii. 10.
+
+In _Timon of Athens_ we find _secure_ used as verb "_Secure_ thy
+heart."--Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+Again, in _Othello_:
+
+    "I do not so _secure_ me in the error."--Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+In Du Cange's _Gloss._ is the verb "_Securare_ nude pro securum reddere."
+In the "Alter Index sive Glossarium" of Ainsworth's _Dictionary_ is the
+verb "_Securo_, as ... to live carelessly." In the "Verba partim Graeca
+Latine scripta, partim barbara," &c., is "_Securo_, as securum reddo."
+
+The _means_ of the hare in the fable for the race (that is, her swiftness)
+_secured_ her; the defects of the tortoise (her slowness) proved her
+_commodity_.
+
+F. W. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MANNERS OF THE IRISH.
+
+The following are extracts from a MS. volume of the sixteenth century,
+containing, _inter alia_, notes of the Manners and Superstitions of the {5}
+Celtic Irish. Some of our readers may be able to elucidate the obscure
+references:
+
+ "The Irish men they have a farme,
+  They kepp the bread,
+    And make _boyranne_.
+  They make butter and eatt _molchan_.
+  And when they haue donne
+    They have noe shamm.
+  They burne the strawe and make _loisbran_.
+  They eatt the flesh and drinke the broth,
+  And when they have done they say
+  _Deo gracias is smar in Doieagh_."
+
+The next appears to be a scrap of a woman's song:
+
+ "Birch and keyre 'tis wal veyre a spyunyng deye a towme.
+  I am the geyest mayed of all that brought the somer houme.
+  Justice Deyruse in my lopp, and senscal in my roame," &c.
+
+John Devereux was Justiciary of the Palatinate Liberty of Wexford in the
+early part of Henry VIII.'s reign. That Palatinate was then governed by a
+seneschal or "senscal." The justice would seem to have been a gallant and
+_sensual_ man, and the song may have been a little satirical. Among the
+notes of the "Manners" of the Irish, it is declared that--
+
+    "Sett them a farme--the grandfather, father, son, and they clayme it as
+    their own: if not, they goe to rebellion."
+
+Will any antiquary versed in Celtic customs explain whether this claim of
+possession grew out of any Celtic usage of tenancy? And also point out
+authorities bearing upon the customs of Celtic agricultural tenancy?
+
+The next extract bears upon the communication at Vol. vii., p. 332.:
+
+    "An _Ultagh_ hath three purses. He runneth behind dore to draw his
+    money: one cutteth the throte of another."
+
+Now, was an _Ultagh_ an Irish usurer or money-lender? Your correspondent at
+page 332. requests information respecting Roger Outlaw. Sir William Betham,
+in a note to the "Proceedings against Dame Alice Ugteler," the famous
+pseudo-Kilkenny witch, remarks that "the family of Utlagh were seated in
+Dublin, and filled several situations in the corporation." Utlagh and
+Outlaw are the same surnames. The named Utlagh also occurs in the Calendar
+of Printed Irish Patent Rolls. William Utlagh, or Outlaw, was a _banker_
+and _money-lender_ in Kilkenny, in the days of Edward I. He was the first
+husband of the witch, and brother of Friar Roger Outlaw. In favour of the
+latter, who was Prior of Kilmainham, near Dublin, a mandamus, dated 10 Edw.
+II., was issued for arrears due to him since he was "justice and
+chancellor, and even lieutenant of the justiciary, as well in the late
+king's time as of the present king's." He was appointed Lord Justice, or
+deputy to the Lord Lieutenant, by patent dated Mar. 15, 9 Edw. III.
+
+Many of the Irish records having been lost, your correspondent will do an
+obliging service in pointing out the repository of the discovered roll.
+Perhaps steps might be taken for its restoration.
+
+H.
+
+    [The following communication from our valued correspondent, the REV.
+    H. T. ELLACOMBE, affords at once a satisfactory reply to H's Query, and
+    a proof of the utility of "N. & Q."]
+
+_Roger Outlawe_ (Vol. vii., p. 559.).--Thanks to ANON. and others for their
+information.
+
+As for "in viiij mense," I cannot understand it: I copied it as it was sent
+to me. B. Etii was an error of the press for R. Etii, but I purposely
+avoided noticing it, because my very first communication on the subject to
+"N. & Q.," under my own name and address, opened a very pleasing
+correspondence, which has since led to the restoration of these Irish
+documents to their congeners among the public records in Dublin; a
+gentleman having set out most chivalrously from that city at his own cost
+to recover them, and I am happy to say he has succeeded; and in the
+_English Quarterly Magazine_ there will soon appear, I believe, an account
+of the documents in question. It would not, therefore, become me to give in
+this place the explanation which has been kindly communicated to me as to
+the meaning of the last conquest of Ireland; but I have no doubt it will be
+explained in the _English Quarterly_.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Burial in an erect Posture._--In the north transept of Stanton Harcourt
+Church, Oxon, the burial-place of the Harcourt family, is a circular slab
+of blue marble in the pavement, in which is inlaid a shield of brass
+bearing the arms of Harcourt,--two bars, dimidiated with those of Beke; the
+latter, when entire, forming a cros ancree. The brass is not engraved, but
+forms the outline of the shield and arms. It is supposed to be the monument
+of Sir John, son of Sir Richard Harcourt and Margaret Beke, who died 1330.
+(See extracts from Lord Harcourt's "Account," in the _Oxford Architectural
+Guide_, p. 178.) Tradition relates, if my memory does not mislead me, that
+the knight was buried beneath this stone in an erect posture, but assigns
+no reason for this peculiarity. Is the probability of this being the case
+supported by any, and what instances? Or does the legend merely owe its
+existence to the circular form of the stone? {6} I think that its diameter
+is about two feet. If MR. FRASER has not met with the information already,
+he may be interested, with reference to his Query on "Dimidiation" (Vol.
+vii., p. 548.), in learning that the above mentioned Margaret was daughter
+and coheiress of John Lord Beke of Eresby, who by his will, made the 29th
+of Edw. I., devised the remainder of his arms to be divided between Sir
+Robert de Willoughby and Sir John de Harcourt. And this may lead to the
+farther Query, whether dimidiation was originally or universally resorted
+to in the case of coheiresses?
+
+CHEVERELLS.
+
+_The Archbishop of Armagh's Cure for the Gout_, 1571.--Extracted from a
+letter from Thomas Lancaster, Archbishop of Armagh, to Lord Burghley, dated
+from Dublin, March 25, 1571:--
+
+    "I am sorofull for that yo^r honor is greved w^{th} the goute, from the
+    w^{ch} I beseche Almighty God deliver you, and send you health; and yf
+    (it) shall please y^r honor to prove a medicen for the same w^{ch} I
+    brought owt of Duchland, and have eased many w^{th} it, I trust in God
+    it shall also do you good, and this it is. Take ij spaniel whelpes of
+    ij dayes olde, scald them, and cause the entrells betaken out, but wash
+    them not. Take 4 ounces brymstone, 4 ounces torpentyn, 1 ounce
+    parmacete, a handfull nettells, and a quantyte of oyle of balme, and
+    putt all the aforesayd in them stamped, and sowe them up and rost them,
+    and take the dropes and anoynt you wheare your grefe is, and by God's
+    grace yo^r honor shall fynd helpe."--_From the Original in the State
+    Paper Office._
+
+SPES.
+
+_The last known Survivor of General Wolfe's Army in Canada._--In a recent
+number of the _Montreal Herald_, mention is made of more than twenty
+persons whose ages exceed one hundred years. The editor remarks that--
+
+    "The most venerable patriarch now in Canada is Abraham Miller, who
+    resides in the township of Grey, and is 115 years old. In 1758 he
+    scaled the cliffs of Quebec with General Wolfe, so that his residence
+    in Canada is coincident with British rule in the province. He is
+    attached to the Indians, and lives in all respects like them."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_National Methods of Applauding._--Clapping with the hands is going out of
+use in the United States, and stamping with the feet is taking its place.
+When Mr. Combe was lecturing on phrenology at the Museum building in
+Philadelphia twelve or thirteen years ago, he and his auditors were much
+annoyed by the _pedal_ applause of a company in the room above, who were
+listening to the concerts of a negro band. Complaint was made to the
+authorities of the Museum Society; but the answer was, that nothing could
+be done, as stamping of the feet was "the national method of applauding."
+
+The crying of "hear him! hear him!" during the delivery of a speech, is not
+in use in the United States, as an English gentleman discovered who settled
+here a few years ago. He attended a meeting of the members of the church to
+which he had attached himself, and hearing something said that pleased him,
+he cried out "hear him! hear him!" Upon which the sexton came over to him,
+and told him that, unless he kept himself quiet, he would be under the
+necessity of turning him out of church.
+
+M. E.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Curious Posthumous Occurrence._--If the following be true, though in ever
+so limited a manner, it deserves investigation. Notwithstanding his
+twenty-three years' experience, the worthy grave-digger must have been
+mistaken, unless there is something peculiar in the bodies of Bath people!
+But if the face turns down in any instance, as asserted, it would be right
+to ascertain the cause, and why this change is not general. It is now above
+twenty years since the paragraph appeared in the London papers:--
+
+    "A correspondent in the _Bath Herald_ states the following singular
+    circumstance:--'Having occasion last week to inspect a grave in one of
+    the parishes of this city, in which two or three members of a family
+    had been buried some years since, and which lay in very wet ground, I
+    observed that the upper part of the coffin was rotted away, and had
+    left the head and bones of the skull exposed to view. On inquiring of
+    the grave-digger how it came to pass that I did not observe the usual
+    sockets of the eyes in the skull, he replied that what I saw was the
+    hind part of the head (termed the _occiput_, I believe, by anatomists),
+    and that the face was turned, as usual, to the earth!!--Not exactly
+    understanding his phrase 'as usual,' I inquired if the body had been
+    buried with the face upwards, as in the ordinary way; to which he
+    replied to my astonishment, in the affirmative, adding, that in the
+    course of decomposition the face of every individual turns to the
+    earth!! and that, in the experience of three-and-twenty years in his
+    situation, he had never known more than one instance to the contrary.'"
+
+A. B. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+DID CAPTAIN COOK FIRST DISCOVER THE SANDWICH ISLANDS?
+
+In a French atlas, dated 1762, in my possession, amongst the numerous
+non-existing islands laid down in the map of the Pacific, and the still
+more numerous cases of omission inevitable at so early a period of
+Polynesian discovery, there is inserted an island styled "I. St. Francois,"
+or "I. S. Francisco," which lies in {7} about 20deg N. and 224deg E. from
+the meridian of Ferro, and, of course, almost exactly in the situation of
+Owhyhee. That this large and lofty group may have been seen by some other
+voyager long before, is far from improbable; but, beyond a question, Cooke
+was the first to visit, describe, and lay them down correctly in our maps.
+Professor Meyen, however, as quoted in Johnston's _Physical Atlas_,
+mentions these islands in terms which would almost lead one to suppose that
+he, the Professor, considered them to have been known to the Spaniards in
+Anson's time or earlier, and that they had been regular calling places for
+the galleons in those days! It is difficult to conceive such a man capable
+of such a mistake; but if he did not suppose them to have been discovered
+before Cook's voyage in 1778, his words are singularly calculated to
+deceive the reader on that point.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SUPERSTITION OF THE CORNISH MINERS.
+
+MR. KINGSLEY records a superstition of the Cornish miners, which I have not
+seen noted elsewhere. In reply to the question, "What are the _Knockers_?"
+Tregarva answers:
+
+    "They are _the ghosts_, the miners hold, _of the Old Jews that
+    crucified our Lord, and were sent for slaves by the Roman emperors to
+    work the mines_: and we find their old smelting-houses, which we call
+    _Jews' houses_, and their blocks of the bottom of the great bogs, which
+    we call _Jews' tin_: and then, a town among us, too, which we call
+    _Market Jew_, but the old name was _Marazion_, that means the
+    Bitterness of Zion, they tell me; and bitter work it was for them no
+    doubt, poor souls! We used to break into the old shafts and adits which
+    they had made, and find old stags-horn pickaxes, that crumbled to
+    pieces when we brought them to grass. And they say that if a man will
+    listen of a still night about those old shafts, he may hear the ghosts
+    of them at working, knocking, and picking, as clear as if there was a
+    man at work in the next level."--_Yeast; a Problem_: Lond. 1851, p.
+    255.
+
+Miners, as a class, are peculiarly susceptible of impressions of the unseen
+world, and the superstitions entertained by them in different parts of the
+world would form a curious volume. Is there any work on Cornish folk lore
+which alludes to this superstition respecting the Jews? It would be
+useless, I dare say, to consult Carew, or Borlase; besides, I have not them
+by me.
+
+Apropos to Cornish matters, a dictionary with a very tempting title was
+advertised for publication two or three years ago:
+
+    "Geslevar Cernewac, a Dictionary of the Cornish Dialect of the Cymraeg
+    or ancient British Language, in which the words are elucidated by
+    numerous examples from the Cornish works now remaining, with
+    translations in English: and the synonyms in Welsh, Armoric, Irish,
+    Gaelic, and Manx, so as to form a Celtic Lexicon. By the Rev. Robert
+    Williams, M.A., Oxon., to be published in one vol. 4to. price 31s. 6d."
+
+When shall we see this desirable lexicon? I was reminded of it the other
+day by hearing of the subscriptions on foot for the publication of the
+great Irish dictionary, which the eminent Irish scholars Messrs. O'Donovan
+and Curry have had in hand for many years.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Clerical Duel._--I shall be obliged to any correspondent who will supply
+the name of the courtier referred to in the following anecdote, which is to
+be found in Burckhardt's _Kirchen-Geschichte der Deutschen Gemeinden in
+London_, Tub. 1798, p. 77.
+
+Anton Wilhelm Boehme, who came over as chaplain with Prince George of
+Denmark, officiated at the German Chapel, St. James's, from the year 1705
+to 1722. He was a favourite of Queen Anne, and a friend of Isaac Watts. On
+one occasion he preached against adultery in a way which gave great offence
+to one of the courtiers present, who conceived that a personal attack on
+himself was intended. He accordingly sent a challenge to the preacher,
+which was without hesitation accepted; and at the time and place appointed
+the chaplain made his appearance in full canonicals, with his Bible in his
+hand, and gave the challenger a lecture which led to their reconciliation
+and friendship.
+
+I should like also to know whether there is any other authority for the
+story than that which I leave quoted.
+
+S. R. MAITLAND.
+
+Gloucester
+
+_Pistol._--What is the date of the original introduction of this word into
+our vocabulary in either of the senses in which it is equivocally used by
+Falstaff in 1 _Henry IV._, Act. V. Sc. 3.? In the sense of fire-arms,
+pistols seem to have been unknown by that name as late as the year 1541;
+for the stat. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 6., after reciting the murders, &c.
+committed "with cross-bows, little short hand-guns, and little hagbuts,"
+prohibits the possession of "any hand-gun other than such as shall be in
+the stock and gun of the length of one whole yard, or any hagbut or
+demihake other than such as shall be in the stock and gun of the length of
+three quarters of one yard." But throughout the act there is no mention of
+the word "pistol."
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Council of Laodicca, Canon 35._--Can any of your readers inform me
+whether, in any early work on the Councils, the word _angelos_ is in the
+text, without having _angulos_ in the margin? If so, oblige me by stating
+the editions.
+
+CLERICUS (D).
+
+{8}
+
+_Pennycomequick, adjoining Plymouth._--The Bath and West of England
+Agricultural Society held their recent annual meeting here. Will any of
+your correspondents oblige me with the derivation of this remarkable word?
+
+R. H. B.
+
+_Park the Antiquary._--In a note to the third volume (p. lxxiii.) of the
+_Grenville Correspondence_ the following passage: "Barker has printed a
+second note, which Junius is supposed to have written to Garrick, upon the
+authority of Park the antiquary, _who states_ that he found it in a
+_cotemporary newspaper_," &c. This is not strictly correct. Barker says (p.
+190.), "The letter was found in a copy of Junius belonging to [Query, which
+_had_ belonged to?] T. Park, &c. He had [Query, it is presumed?] cut it out
+of a newspaper; but unfortunately has omitted to furnish the date of the
+newspaper." [Query, How then known to be cotemporary?] The difference is
+important; but where is the copy containing this letter? By whom has it
+been seen? By whom and when first discovered? Where did Barker find the
+story recorded? When and where first printed?
+
+P. T. A.
+
+_Honorary D.C.L.'s._--It was mentioned in a report of proceedings at the
+late Installation, that the two _royal personages_ honoured with degrees,
+having been doctored by diploma, would be entitled to vote in
+Convocation,--a privilege not possessed by the common tribe of honorary
+D.C.L.'s.
+
+Can you inform me whether Dr. Johnson had, or ever exercised, the right
+referred to in virtue of his M.A. degree (conferred on the publication of
+the _Dictionary_), or of the higher academical dignity to which his name
+has given such a world-wide celebrity?
+
+CANTABRIGIENSIS.
+
+_Battle of Villers en Couche._--Some of your correspondents, better versed
+than myself in military matters, will doubtless render me assistance by
+replying to this Query. Where can I find a copious and accurate account of
+the battle, or perhaps I should rather say skirmish, of Villers en Couche?
+If I am rightly informed, it must be one of the most remarkable actions on
+record, when the comparative numbers of the troops engaged are taken into
+consideration. We have, as an heirloom in our family, a medal won by an
+officer on that occasion: it is suspended from a red and white ribbon, and
+is inscribed thus:
+
+   "FORTITUDINE
+  VILLERS EN COUCHE.
+      24th APRIL,
+        1794."
+
+I do not remember to have read any account of the battle; but, as I have
+heard from the lips of one who gained his information from the officer
+before alluded to, the particulars were these:--General Mansell, with a
+force consisting of two squadrons of the 15th Hussars, and one squadron of
+the German Legion, _two hundred and seventy-two_ in all, charged a body of
+the French army, _ten thousand_ strong. The French were formed in a hollow
+square: but five times, as I am informed, did our gallant troops charge
+into and out of the square, till the French, struck with a sudden panic,
+retreated with a loss of twelve hundred men. I am desirous of
+authenticating this almost incredible account, and shall be thankful for
+such information as may guide me to an authoritative record of the action
+in question.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
+
+_Dr. Misaubin._--Will any of your numerous correspondents give me any
+information, or refer me to any work where I can find it, respecting Dr.
+Misaubin, who appears to have practised in London during the first half of
+the last century? What was the peculiarity of his practice?
+
+GRIFFIN.
+
+_Kemble, Willet, and Forbes._--What are the two concluding lines of an
+epigram published ten or twelve years ago, beginning,--
+
+ "The case of Kemble, Willet, and Forbes,
+  Much of the Chancellor's time absorbs;
+  If I were the Chancellor I should tremble
+  At the mention of Willet, Forbes, and Kemble"?
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Piccalyly._--The ornament, somewhat between a hood, a scarf, and an
+armlet, worn hanging over the right shoulder of judges and serjeants at
+law, is called a _piccalyly_. What is the origin of this peculiarity of
+judicial costume, what are the earliest examples of it, and what its
+etymology?
+
+NO JUDGE.
+
+_Post-Office about 1770._--Mr. Smith, in the notes prefixed to the
+_Grenville Correspondence_, says several of Junius's letters appear to have
+been sent from the same post-office "as the post-mark is '_peny_ post
+payd,'"--a peculiarity of spelling not likely to occur often. Have any of
+your correspondents letters of that date with a like post-mark? and, if so,
+can they tell us _where_ posted?
+
+P. A. O.
+
+"_Carefully examined and well-authenticated._"--I agree with MR. CRAMP
+(Vol. vii., p. 569.) that "the undecided question of the authorship of
+Junius requires that every statement should be carefully examined, and (as
+far as possible) only well-authenticated facts be admitted as evidence." I
+take leave, therefore, to remind him that my question (Vol. iii., p. 262.)
+remains unanswered; that I am anxious that he should authenticate his
+statement (p. 63.), and name some of the "many" {9} persons in whose
+libraries vellum-bound copies of Junius have been found.
+
+V. B.
+
+_Sir Heister Ryley._--Who was the author of the _Visions of Sir Heister
+Ryley_, and whence did it derive its name? It was published in 1710, and
+consists of papers periodically published on serious subjects. It was one
+of the many short-lived periodicals that sprung up in imitation of the
+_Tatler_, and appears to have died a natural death at the end of the
+so-called first volume.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+_Effigies with folded Hands._--On the south side of Llangathen Church,
+Carmarthenshire, is a huge monument (of the style well designated as
+bedstead) for Dr. Anthony Rudd, Bishop of St. David's, and Anne Dalton, his
+wife, 1616, with their recumbent effigies, and those of four sons kneeling
+at their head and feet. From all these figures the iconoclasts had smitten
+the hands upraised in prayer, and they have been replaced by plaister hands
+folded on the bosom. The effect is singular. Is there any other instance of
+such restoration?
+
+E. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Passage in Bishop Horsley._--In the Introduction to _Utrum Horum_, a
+rather curious work by Henry Care, being a comparison of the Thirty-nine
+Articles with the doctrines of Presbyterians on the one hand, and the
+tenets of the Church of Rome on the other, is an extract from Dr.
+Hakewill's _Answer_ (1616) _to Dr. Carier_, "an apostate to Popery." In it
+occurs the following passage: "And so, through Calvin's sides, you strike
+at the throat and heart of our religion." Will you allow me to ask if a
+similar expression is not used by Bishop Horsley in some one of his
+Charges?
+
+S. S. S.
+
+    [The following passage occurs in the bishop's Charge to the clergy of
+    St. Asaph in 1806, p. 26. "Take especial care, before you aim your
+    shafts at Calvinism, that you know what is Calvinism, and what is not:
+    that in that mass of doctrine, which it is of late become the fashion
+    to abuse under the name of Calvinism, you can distinguish with
+    certainty that part of it which is nothing better than Calvinism, and
+    that which belongs to our common Christianity, and the general faith of
+    the Reformed Churches; _lest, when you mean only to fall foul of
+    Calvinism, you should unwarily attack something more sacred and of
+    higher origin_."]
+
+"_Marry come up!_"--What is the origin of this expression, found in the old
+novelists? It perhaps originates in an adjuration of the Virgin Mary. If
+so, how did it gain its present form?
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [Halliwell explains it as an interjection equivalent to indeed! _Marry
+    on us, marry come up, Marry come out_, interjections given by Brockett.
+    _Marry and shall_, that I will! _Marry come up, my dirty cousin_, a
+    saying addressed to any one who affects excessive delicacy.]
+
+_Dover Court._--What is the origin of the expression of a "_Dover Court_,
+where all are talkers and none are hearers?" There is a place called by
+this name in the vicinity of Harwich?
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [There is a legend, that Dover-Court Church in Essex once possessed a
+    miraculous cross which spoke, thus noticed in the _Collier of Croydon_:
+
+     "And how the rood of _Dovercot_ did speak,
+      Confirming his opinions to be true."
+
+    So that it is possible, as Nares suggests, that this church was the
+    scene of confusion alluded to in the proverb: "Dover Court, all
+    speakers and no hearers." Fox, in his _Martyrology_, vol. ii. p. 302.,
+    states, that "a rumour was spread that no man could shut the door,
+    which therefore stood open night and day; and that the resort of people
+    to it was much and very great."]
+
+_Porter._--In what book is the word _porter_, meaning the malt liquor so
+called, first found? I have an impression that the earliest use of it that
+I have seen is in Nicholas Amherst's _Terrae Filius_, about 1726.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [We doubt whether an earlier use of this word, as descriptive of a malt
+    liquor, will be found than the one noticed by our correspondent; for it
+    was only about 1722 that Harwood, a London brewer, commenced brewing
+    this liquor, which he called "entire," or "entire butt," implying that
+    it was drawn from one cask or butt. It subsequently obtained the name
+    of _porter_, from its consumption by porters and labourers.]
+
+_Dr. Whitaker's Ingenious Earl._--
+
+    "To our equal surprise and vexation at times, we find the ancients
+    possessed of degrees of physical knowledge with which we were mostly or
+    entirely unacquainted ourselves. I need not appeal in proof of this to
+    that extraordinary operation of chemistry, by which Moses reduced the
+    golden calf to powder, and then give it mingled with water as a drink
+    to the Israelites; an operation the most difficult in all the processes
+    of chemistry, and concerning which it is a sufficient honour for the
+    moderns to say, that they have once or twice practised it. I need not
+    appeal to the mummies of Egypt, in which the art of embalming bodies is
+    so eminently displayed, that all attempts at imitation have only showed
+    the infinite superiority of the original to the copy. I need not appeal
+    to the gilding upon those mummies so fresh in its lustre; to the
+    stained silk of them, so vivid in its colours after a lapse of 3000
+    years; to the ductility and malleability of glass, discovered by an
+    artist of Rome in the days of Tiberius, but instantly lost by the
+    immediate murder of the man under the orders of the emperor, and just
+    now boasted vainly to be re-discovered by the wildly eccentric, yet
+    vividly vigorous, genius of that earl who professes to teach law to my
+    lord chancellor, and divinity to my lords the {10} bishops, who
+    proposes to send ship, by the force of steam, with all the velocity of
+    a ball from the mouth of a cannon, and who pretends by the power of his
+    steam-impelled oars to beat the waters of the ocean into the hardness
+    of adamant; or to the burning-glasses of Archimedes, recorded in their
+    effects by credible writers, actually imitated by Proclus at the siege
+    of Constantinople with Archimedes' own success, yet boldly pronounced
+    by some of our best judges, demonstrably impracticable in themselves,
+    and lately demonstrated by some faint experiments to be very
+    practicable, the skill of the moderns only going so far as to render
+    credible the practices of the ancients."--_The Course of Hannibal___,
+    by John Whitaker, B.D., 1794, vol. ii. p. 142.
+
+Who was the earl whose universality of genius is described above by this
+"laudator temporis acti?"
+
+H. J.
+
+    [Charles Earl Stanhope, whose versatility of talent succeeded in
+    abolishing the old wooden printing-press, with its double pulls, and
+    substituting in its place the beautiful iron one, called after him the
+    "Stanhope Press." His lordship's inventive genius, however, failed in
+    the composing-room; for his transmogrified letter-cases, with his eight
+    logotypes, once attempted at _The Times'_ office, were soon abandoned,
+    and the old process of single letters preferred.]
+
+_Dissimulate._--Where is the earliest use of this word to be found? It is
+to be met with in Bernard Mandeville's _Fable of the Bees_, 1723; but is
+not to be found, I think, in any dictionary. I was once heavily censured at
+school for using it in my theme; but I have more than once of late seen it
+used in a leading article of _The Times_.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+    [_Dissimulate_ occurs in Richardson's Dictionary, with the two
+    following examples:
+
+     "Under smiling she was _dissimulate_,
+      Prouocatiue with blinkes amorous."
+                  Chaucer, _The Testament of Creseide_.
+
+    "We commaunde as kynges, and pray as men, that al thyng be forgiuen to
+    theim that be olde and broken, and to theim that be yonge and lusty, to
+    _dissimulate_ for a time, and nothyng to be forgiuen to very yong
+    children."--_Golden Boke_, c. ix.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BISHOP KEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 526.)
+
+By converting a noun into a surname, Dodsley has led J. J. J. into a
+natural, but somewhat amusing mistake. The lines quoted are in Horace
+Walpole's well-known epistle, from Florence, addressed to his college
+friend T[homas] A[shton,] tutor of the Earl of P[lymouth].
+
+In Walpole's _Fugitive Pieces_, printed at Strawberry Hill, 1758 (the copy
+of which, now before me, was given by Walpole to Cole in 1762, and contains
+several notes by the latter), the passage stands correctly thus:
+
+ "Or, with wise ken, judiciously define,
+  When Pius marks the honorary coin,
+  Of Carnealla, or of Antonine."
+
+Your correspondent refers to an edition of the _Collection of Poems_ of
+1758. In a much later edition of that work, viz. 1782, the line is again
+printed--
+
+ "Or with wise KEN," &c.
+
+It is strange that the mistake was not corrected, at the instance of
+Walpole himself, during this long interval.
+
+Turning to Bishop Ken, I would observe that in his excellent Life of this
+prelate, Mr. Anderdon has given the three well-known hymns "word for word,"
+as first penned. These, Mr. A. tells us, are found, for the first time, in
+a copy of the _Manual of Prayers For the Use of the Winchester Scholars_,
+printed in 1700. The bishop's versions vary so very materially from those
+to which we have been accustomed from childhood, that these original copies
+are very interesting. Indeed, within five years after their first
+appearance, and during the author's life, material changes were made,
+several of which are retained to the present hour. It must be admitted that
+some of the stanzas, as they first came from the bishop's pen, are
+singularly rugged and inharmonious, almost justifying the request made by
+the lady to Byrom (as I have stated elsewhere[1]), "to revise and polish
+the bishop's poems." How came these hymns, so far the most popular of his
+poetical works, to be omitted by Hawkins in the collected edition of the
+poems, printed in 4 vols., 1721?
+
+My present object is, to call your attention to a "Midnight Hymn," by Sir
+Thomas Browne, which will be found in his works (vol. ii. p. 113., edit.
+Wilkin). Can there be question that to it Ken is indebted for some of the
+thoughts and expressions in two of his own hymns?
+
+The good bishop's fame will not be lessened by his adopting what was good
+in the works of the learned physician. He doubtless thought far more of the
+benefit which he could render to the youthful Wykehamists, than of either
+the originality or smoothness of his own verses.
+
+      _Sir Thomas Browne._
+ "While I do rest, my soul advance;
+  Make my sleep a holy trance:
+  That I may, my rest being wrought,
+  Awake into some holy thought,
+  And with as active vigour run
+  My course as doth the nimble sun.
+
+ "Sleep is a death: O make me try,
+  By sleeping, what it is to die!
+  {11}
+  And as gently lay my head
+  On my grave, as now my bed.
+
+ "These are my drowsy days; in vain
+  I do now wake to sleep again.
+  O come that hour when I shall never
+  Sleep again, but wake for ever!
+
+ "Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
+  Whose eyes are open while mine close;
+  Let no dreams my head infest,
+  But such as Jacob's temples blest."
+
+      _Bishop Ken._
+ "Awake, my soul, and with the sun
+  Thy daily stage of duty run.
+
+ "Teach me to live that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed.
+
+ "O when shall I in endless day
+  For ever chase dark sleep away,
+  And endless praise with th' Heavenly choir,
+  Incessant sing and never tire.
+
+ "You, my blest Guardian, whilst I sleep,
+  Close to my bed your vigils keep;
+  Divine love into me instil,
+  Stop all the avenues of ill.
+
+ "Thought to thought, with my soul converse
+  Celestial joys to me rehearse;
+  And in my stead, all the night long,
+  Sing to my God a grateful song."
+
+In the work referred to--one of the most valuable and best edited of modern
+days--Mr. Wilkin, when speaking of a fine passage on music in the _Religio
+Medici_ (vol. ii. p. 106.), asks whether it may not have suggested to
+Addison the beautiful conclusion of his Hymn on the Glories of Creation:
+
+ "What tho' in solemn silence, all," &c.
+
+This passage in Sir Thomas Browne appears forcibly to have struck the
+gifted author of _Confessions of an English Opium-eater_ (see p. 106. of
+that work).
+
+J. H. MARKLAND.
+
+[Footnote 1: _Sketch of Bishop Ken's Life_, p. 107.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOHN'S EDITION OF HOVEDEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 579.)
+
+MR. RILEY mistakes my purpose if he thinks that my object was to make a
+personal attack on him; and for anything in my last communication which may
+have appeared to possess that tendency, I hereby freely express my regret.
+Still I cannot allow that he has explained away the mistakes of which I
+complained, and of which I still have to complain. The kingdom of Cork
+_never_ "extended to within a short distance of Waterford;" and the
+territory of Desmond was _never_ co-extensive with Cork, having been always
+confined to the county of Kerry. MR. RILEY, therefore, is in error when he
+uses "Cork" and "Desmond" as synonymous. Again, he falls into the same
+mistake by assuming "Crook, Hook Point, or The Crook," to be synonyms. I
+never heard that Henry II. landed at Hook Point, which is in the county of
+Wexford, and from which a land journey to Waterford would be very
+circuitous. At Crook, however, on the opposite side of Waterford Harbour,
+and within the shelter of Creden Head, he is said to have done so; and as
+that point answers pretty exactly to the _Crock_ of Hoveden, why assume
+some indefinite point of the "Kingdom of Cork" as the locality, even
+supposing that its boundary _did_ approach Waterford city? Really MR.
+RILEY's explanations but make matters worse.
+
+With regard to "Erupolensis" being an _alias_ of Ossoriensis, I may quote
+the authority of the learned De Burgo, who, speaking of the diocese of
+Ossory, observes:
+
+    "Quandoque tamen nuncupata erat _Eyrupolensis_ ab _Eyro_ Flumine, vulgo
+    _Neoro_, quod _Kilkenniam_ alluit."--_Hibernia Dominicana_, p. 205.
+    note _i_.
+
+I maintain that the reading public has just cause to complain, not (as I
+said on a former occasion) because the editor of such a book as Hoveden's
+_Annals_ does not know everything necessary to elucidate his author, but
+because baseless conjectures are put forward as elucidations of the text.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S CHRISTABEL.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.)
+
+It is difficult to believe that the third part of _Christabel_, published
+in Blackwood for June, 1819, vol. v. p. 286., could have either "perplexed
+the public," or "pleased Coleridge." In the first place, it was avowedly
+written by "Morgan Odoherty;" and in the next, it is too palpable a parody
+to have pleased the original author, who could hardly have been satisfied
+with the raving rhapsodies put into his mouth, or with the treatment of his
+innocent and virtuous heroine. This will readily be supposed when it is
+known that the Lady Geraldine is made out to have been a man in woman's
+attire, and that "the mark of Christabel's shame, the seal of her sorrow,"
+is neither more nor less than the natural consequence of her having shared
+her chamber with such a visitor.
+
+Is your correspondent A. B. R. correct in stating this parody to have been
+the composition of Dr. Maginn? In the biography of this brilliant writer in
+the twenty-third volume of the _Dublin University Magazine_, Dr. Moir, who
+had undoubtedly good opportunities of knowing, mentions that his first
+contribution to _Blackwood_ was the Latin translation of "Chevy Chase," in
+the number for November 1819; if this be correct, many of the cleverest
+papers that appeared under the name of Odoherty, and which are all
+popularly attributed {12} to Maginn, must have been the work of other
+authors, a circumstance which I had been already led to suspect from the
+frequent local allusions to Scotland in general, and to Edinburgh in
+particular, which could have scarcely proceeded from the pen of a native of
+Cork, who had then never visited Scotland. Since Dr. Moir's own death, it
+appears that the _Eve of St. Jerry_, and the _Rhyme of the Auncient
+Waggonere_, have been claimed for him, as well as some other similar
+pieces; and I believe that the series of _Boxiana_, which also appeared
+under the name of the renowned ensign and adjutant, was written by
+Professor Wilson. Maginn's contributions were at first under various
+signatures, and some time elapsed before he made use of the _nom de guerre_
+of Morgan Odoherty, which eventually became so identified with him.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ITS.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 578.)
+
+I am sorry to intrude upon your valuable space again in reference to this
+little word, but the inquiry of MR. RYE (p. 578.), and other reasons,
+render it desirable. The truth is that MR. KEIGHTLEY, MR. RYE and myself,
+are more or less mistaken. 1. MR. KEIGHTLEY, in his quotation from
+Fairfax's _Tasso_ (MR. SINGER's accurate reprint, 1817), has _his_ in both
+lines. 2. MR. RYE, in understanding me to refer to any translation proper;
+unless Sternhold and Hopkins are to be considered as having produced one.
+3. Myself, in supposing the old metrical version in the Book of Common
+Prayer originally had the word _its_. I copied from the Oxford edition in
+fol. of 1770; but a 4to. edition, "printed by Iohn Daye, dwelling over
+Aldersgate, anno 1574," does not exhibit the word in the places specified;
+we have instead _her_ in both places.
+
+Hitherto, then, the oldest examples of the use of this word have been
+adduced from Shakspeare. These are to be found in the first folio, but are
+in each case printed with the apostrophe after the _t_,--_it's_. This
+method of writing the word, however, soon disappeared, for in a treatise of
+Pemble's, printed 1635 (the author died in 1623), it appears as we write it
+now:
+
+    "If faith alone by _its_ own virtue and force."--_Works_, fol. p. 171.
+
+I have not observed the fact remarked, that besides the use of _his, her,
+hereof, thereof, of it_, and _the_, it was customary to employ the
+unchanged word _it_ for the possessive case. I will give an example or two.
+In the Genevan version, at Rom. viii. 20., we read "Not of _it_ owne
+wille." This passage is thus quoted in 1611 and in 1622, but in a later
+edition of the same work, 1656, _its_ is substituted for _it_. I have a
+note of one other instance from Perkins on Rev. ii. 28. (ed. 1606): "For as
+the sunne in the spring time quickeneth by _it_ warme beames."
+
+In conclusion, may I request that if any genuine instance of the use of
+this word _its_, is observed by any of your many contributors, they will
+communicate the fact to you? At present we can only go back to Shakspeare,
+in his _Winter's Tale_ and _Henry VIII_.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FAMILY OF MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 596.)
+
+As your correspondent CRANMORE has long been a deserter from the ranks of
+"N. & Q.," I may perhaps, without presumption, for once "stand in his
+shoes," and reply to the challenge addressed to him by V. M.
+
+Much obscurity has all along prevailed among the many biographers of
+Milton, in reference to the family of Elizabeth Minshull, his third wife,
+and eventually, for more than fifty years, his widow. Philips, Warton,
+Todd, and numerous others, state her to have been "the daughter of Mr.
+Minshull, of Cheshire,"--a very vague assertion when we consider that there
+were at least three or four different families of that name then existing
+in the county. Pennant, who delighted in particularities, sometimes even at
+the expense of historical fact, tells us, for the first time, in 1782, that
+she was the daughter of Mr. (or Sir) Edward Minshull, of Stoke, near
+Nantwich, and that she died at the latter town in March, 1726, at an
+advanced age. Mr. Ormerod, again, whose splendid _History of Cheshire_ will
+be the standard authority of the county for ages after he himself is
+carried to his fathers, has unfortunately adopted the same conclusion, and
+so given a colour, as it were, to this erroneous statement of our Cambrian
+antiquary. The Rev. Benjamin Mardon's paper, printed in the _Journal of the
+British Archaeological Association for 1849_, is another and more recent
+instance of the way in which such errors as this may become perpetuated.
+Another writer (Palmer) conjectures her to have been the daughter of
+Minshull of Manchester; but this also has been proved to be entirely
+destitute of foundation.
+
+The truth of the matter is (and I am indebted to Mr. Fitchett Marsh's clear
+and succinct dissertation in the _Miscellany_ of the Chetham Society for
+the information), the poet's widow was daughter of Mr. Randle Minshull, of
+Wistaston in the county of Chester, whose great-great-grandfather, a
+younger son of Minshull of Minshull, settled on a small estate there in the
+reign of Queen Elizabeth, and so founded the house of Minshull of
+Wistaston. Milton was introduced to his Cheshire wife by his friend Dr.
+Paget; and {13} it was by his advice that the author of _Paradise Lost_
+once more entered into the bonds of wedlock. Mr. Marsh, to clear up all
+doubt upon the subject, and having previously established the identity of
+the family, examined the parish register at Wistaston, and there found that
+"Elizabeth, the daughter of Randolph Mynshull, was baptized the 30th day of
+December, 1638;" so that, if baptized shortly after birth, she must have
+been about twenty-six years old when united to Milton in 1664, and about
+eighty-nine at her death, which occurred in 1727.
+
+V. M., and all others who desire farther enlightenment on the subject, will
+do well to refer to the volume before mentioned, which forms the
+twenty-fourth of the series published by the Chetham Society.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS OF EMBLEMS--JACOB BEHMEN.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 469. 579.)
+
+Perhaps you will allow poor old Jacob Behmen, the inspired cobbler of
+Gorlitz, a niche in your temple of writers of emblems. I think he is
+legitimately entitled to that distinction. His works are nearly all couched
+in emblems; and, besides his own figures, his principles were pictorially
+illustrated by his disciple William Law (the author of _The Way to Divine
+Knowledge_, _The Serious Call_, &c.), in some seventeen simple, and four
+compound emblematic drawings. Of these the most remarkable, and in fact the
+most intelligible, are three compound emblems representing the Creation,
+Apostasy, and Redemption of Man. Every phase of each stage in the soul's
+history is disclosed to view by means of double and single doors. We are
+now concerned only with such of Behmen's emblematic works as have been
+translated into English. The following list contains only those in my own
+library. I am acquainted with no others:
+
+(1.) "The Works of Jacob Behmen, the Teutonic Theosopher, to which is
+prefixed the Life of the Author, with Figures illustrating his Principles,
+left by the Rev. William Law, M.A. In four thick Volumes, royal 4to.
+London: printed for M. Richardson in Paternoster Row, MDCCLXIV." With a
+fine portrait of Behmen facing the title-page of the first volume. This
+edition contains the following works:
+
+    1. Aurora: the Day-spring, or Dawning of the Day in the East; or
+    Morning-redness in the Rising of the Sun: that is, the Root or Mother
+    of Philosophy, Astrology, and Theology, from the True Ground; or, A
+    Description of Nature.
+
+    2. The Three Principles of the Divine Essence of the Eternal: Dark,
+    Light, and Temporary World.
+
+    3. Mysterium Magnum: or an Explanation of the First Book of Moses
+    called Genesis.
+
+    4. Four Tables of Divine Revelation.
+
+    5. The High and Deep-Searching of the Threefold Life of Man, through or
+    according to the Three Principles.
+
+    6. Forty Questions concerning the Soul, proposed by Dr. Balthasar
+    Walter, and answered by Jacob Behmen.
+
+    7. The Treatise of the Incarnation.
+
+    8. The Clavis, or an Explanation of some Principal Points and
+    Expressions.
+
+    9. Signatura Rerum.
+
+    10. Of the Election of Grace; or of God's Will towards Man, commonly
+    called Predestination.
+
+    11. The Way to Christ discovered in the following Treatises:--I. Of
+    True Repentance. II. Of True Resignation. III. Of Regeneration. IV. Of
+    Supernatural Life.
+
+    12. A Discourse between a Soul hungry and thirsty after the Fountain of
+    Life, the sweet Love of Jesus Christ, and a Soul enlightened.
+
+    13. A Treatise of the Four Complexions, or a Consolatory Instruction
+    for a Sad and Assaulted Heart in the Time of Temptation.
+
+    14. A Treatise of Christ's Testament, Baptism, and the Supper.
+
+(2.) "Theosophic Letters, or Epistles of the Man from God enlightened in
+Grace, Jacob Behmen, of Old Seidenburgh, wherein everywhere [are?] Divine
+Blessed Exhortations to true Repentance and Amendment, as also Plaine
+Instructions concerning the highly worthy and precious Knowledge of the
+Divine and Natural Wisdome; together with a Right Touchstone or Triall of
+these Times, for an Introduction to the Author's other Writings: published
+in English for the good of the sincere Lovers of true Christianitie, by
+I. S.[2]" (I have only a MS. copy of this publication.)
+
+(3.) A beautiful MS. translation of "The Way to Christ." This is hardly so
+accurate as the one already referred to, though some of the expressions are
+better chosen. The date of this MS. is about 1730, or earlier.
+
+(4.) A fair MS. translation of Jacob Behmen's treatise called "A
+Fundamental Instruction concerning the Earthly and concerning the Heavenly
+Mystery; how they two stand in one another, and how in the Earthly the
+Heavenly becometh manifested or revealed, wherein then you shall see Babell
+the great citty upon Earth stand with its Forms and Wonders; and wherefore,
+or out of what, Babell is generated, and where Antichrist will stand quite
+naked. Comprised in Nine Texts. Written May 8, 1620, in High Dutch." (I
+have seen no printed translation of this treatise.)
+
+(5.) MS. translation of the fourth treatise of "The Way to Christ," viz.
+"of the Supersensual Life." This is a less accurate rendering than either
+of the others above mentioned.
+
+Perhaps your mystic correspondents will kindly furnish lists of other
+publications and MSS. of {14} "the Teutonick Theosopher." There are sixteen
+more of his works, of which fifteen are now extant in High Dutch. As old
+Behmen is but little known in this country, save by ill-repute, as having
+led astray William Law in his old age, and, through him, having tinctured
+the religious philosophy of Coleridge, it way be worth noting, that no less
+a philosopher than Schelling (to whom, as we know, Coleridge stood so
+greatly indebted) stole from the Lusatian shoemaker the corner-stones of
+his _Philosophy of Nature_.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+[Footnote 2: J. Sparrow.--ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RAFFAELLE'S SPOSALIZIO.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 595.)
+
+With regard to your correspondent MR. G. BRINDLEY ACKWORTH's Query
+respecting _Raffaelle's Sposalizio_, I am induced to think that the
+_custode_ at the church of the Santa Croce at Florence was right as to his
+information. In the copy which I have of the "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia,"
+_according to the ancient use of Salisbury_, the ring is undoubtedly to be
+placed on the bride's _right_ hand. Wheatly indeed says, that "when the man
+espouses his wife with it (_i.e._ the ring), he is to put it _upon the
+fourth finger of her_ left _hand_;" and then refers, for _the reason_ of
+this, to the rubric of _Salisbury Manual_, which speaks of the vein going
+from this finger directly to the heart.
+
+Now, what are the precise words of this rubric? After giving directions for
+the benediction of the ring, provided it has not previously been blessed,
+the rubric goes on thus:
+
+    "Si autem antea fuerit annulus ille benedictus tunc statim postquam vir
+    posuerit annulum super librum, accipiens sacerdos annulum tradat ipsum
+    viro: quem vir accipiat manu sua dextera cum tribus principalioribus
+    digitis, et manu sua sinistra tenens dexteram sponsae docente sacerdote
+    dicat."
+
+The man is to receive the ring from the priest with the three principal
+fingers of the right hand; and then, holding the _right hand_ of the bride
+with his own left hand, he shall say, "With this ring," &c. He is then to
+place the ring on her thumb, saying, "In nomine Patris;" then on her second
+finger, saying "et Filii;" then on the third finger, saying "et Spiritus
+Sancti;" then on the fourth finger, saying "Amen;" and there he is to leave
+it. There is not a word said about the bride's _left_ hand, the _right_ is
+alone mentioned; and why should the man hold her _right_ hand with his
+_left_, but that with his _right_ hand he may the more easily place the
+ring, _first_ on the _thumb_, then on the other fingers of her _right_
+hand, until it arrives at its ideal destination?
+
+While I am upon this subject, allow me to point out another singular
+direction given in a rubric in this same "Ordo ad faciendum Sponsalia."
+When the woman is, as we term it, given away, if she be a spinster, she is
+to have her hand _uncovered_; if a widow, _covered_: the words are--
+
+    "Deinde detur femina a patre suo, vel ab amicis ejus: quod si _puella_
+    sit, _discoopertam_ habeat _manum_, si _vidua_, _tectam_."
+
+There is no reason given for this distinction, nor do I ever remember to
+have seen it noticed.
+
+F. B. W.
+
+The _Sposalizio_, or "espousals," or betrothing, is certainly a different
+ceremony from the marriage. Is not the fact of young ladies popularly
+considering and calling the third finger of the _right_ hand the engaged
+finger, and wearing a ring on that finger when engaged, a confirmation of
+your correspondent's idea, that at this "betrothal" or "espousals" (compare
+the phrase "his espoused wife" of Mary before her _marriage_ with Joseph)
+the ring was placed in the _right_ hand; at the marriage ceremony on the
+left?
+
+SC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WINDFALL.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 285.)
+
+W. W. is desirous of interpreting _windfall_, as necessarily from its
+origin denoting a gain. He is, perhaps, expecting a handsome bequest; I
+wish he may get it; but he may rely on it that the _windfall_ of the
+bequest will be accompanied by the _windfall_ of the "Succession Act." Let
+us hear what our great Doctor says; his first explanation is, "Fruit blown
+down from the tree."
+
+W. W.'s little boys and girls would deem a _windfall_ of unripe apples, at
+this time of the year, a good; they will make a pie for dinner. W. W.
+himself would call it an evil; the ripe crop is ruined.
+
+But let us see how Johnson illustrates his explanation:
+
+    "Their _boughs_ were too great for their stem, they became a _windfall_
+    upon the sudden."--_Bacon_, Essay 29.
+
+Webster copies this for his first explanation, as he does also our Dr's.
+second for his second; but as it is not his plan to illustrate by examples,
+he is saved from the _eccentricity_ of his original.
+
+If we refer to Bacon we shall be reminded of Johnson's warning, that by
+"hasty detruncation the general tendency of a sentence may be changed." The
+sentence here so hastily detruncated, stands thus in the Essay:
+
+    "The Spartans were a nice people in point of naturalisation, whereby
+    while they kept their compasse, they stood firme. But when _they_ did
+    spread, and _their boughes_ were becommen too great for their stemme,
+    they became a _windfall_ upon the suddaine. 'Potentia eorum subito
+    corruit.'"
+
+_They_, in Johnson's mutilated sentence, refers to the _boughs_; in Bacon,
+to the Spartans; so that, in {15} the first place, the Spartans are
+transformed into boughs, and, in the next place, the boughs into fruit.
+Detruncation, however, had nothing to do with this latter metamorphosis;
+and I am afraid this is not a solitary instance of lexicographical
+incongruity.
+
+W. W. may assure himself that a windfall is "whatever _falls_ by the wind,
+or with similar suddenness or unexpectedness, whether bringing good or
+ill."
+
+And if he will take the trouble to refer to "The Case of Impeachment of
+Waste," quoted by MR. ARROWSMITH, Vol. vii., p. 375., he will find, only a
+few lines before that gentleman's quotation begins, a legal question at
+issue as to the right of property in _windfalls_.
+
+Q.
+
+Bloomsbury.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. JUSTICE NEWTON.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 528. 600.)
+
+It would greatly enhance the value of contributions to "N. & Q.," save much
+trouble, and often lead to a more direct intercourse between persons of
+similar pursuits, if contributors would drop initials, and sign their own
+proper name and _habitat_; and in saying this, I believe the Editor will
+second me. If C. S. G. had done this, I should have been happy to send him
+an envelope full of proofs that Mr. Justice Newton did not die in 1444, for
+that a fine was levied before him in 1448; that he is not buried in Bristol
+Cathedral, but in the Wyke Aisle in Yatton Church, Somerset, where may be
+seen his effigies beautifully carved in alabaster, in his judge's robes,
+and his head resting on a wheat-sheaf or garb; that there was _no_
+relationship between the second baronet of Hather, his arms being _cross
+bones_, &c., and those of the judge, who was truly a _Cradock_, were three
+garbs, &c. I would now beg leave to refer C. S. G. to my former
+communications in "N. & Q." about Cradock Newton, particularly Vol. ii.,
+pp. 248. 427.; _Chronica Judicialia_, 1635; Foss's _Lives of the Judges_;
+and a paper of mine in the forthcoming volume of the _Proceedings of the
+Archaeological Institute at Bristol_.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+From C. S. G.'s reply to my inquiry respecting Mr. Justice Newton I
+conclude that at least _two_ individuals of this name have, at different
+periods, and at a considerable interval apart, occupied the judicial bench.
+
+The portrait I wish to trace is of a well-known character of the
+Commonwealth era, and could not, of course, have belonged to a judge then
+some two centuries deceased. My omission to state this circumstance, in the
+first instance, has very naturally occasioned complete misapprehension
+throughout.
+
+Since my Query was written, a duplicate of the drawing in the Bodleian
+(_minus_ the inscription), out of the Strawberry Hill collection, has,
+curiously enough, appeared in an extensive public sale. It was likewise
+said to be by Bulfinch; and farther examination leads me to infer that both
+this and the Oxford copy were, in respect of artist, in all probability
+_not_ incorrectly described. As Bulfinch lived _temp._ Charles II., and the
+Bodleian inscription points to his original painting, as "in the hands of
+Mr. Justice Newton," it may fairly be presumed that a second judge of the
+name flourished in this reign.
+
+Substantially, then, my original Query yet remains unanswered,
+notwithstanding C. S. G.'s obliging reply.
+
+F. KYFFIN LENTHALL.
+
+36. Mount Street, Grosvenor Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Mr. Lyte's Treatment of Positives._--It would be quite superfluous, after
+the very excellent communication of MR. POLLOCK, were I to give a detailed
+account of my method of printing albumen positives, as, in the main, we
+both follow the process of Mr. Le Gray. But as we both have our own
+improvements on the original process, I will ask for space in which to
+record our differences in manipulation.
+
+First, in regard to the chloride of gold, I always find, and I believe such
+is the experience of many photographers, that all salts of gold, though
+they heighten the effect at first, have a slow, but sure, destructive
+action on the picture.
+
+Next, I find that acetic acid, by generating sulphurous acid, has a similar
+effect, and my care was to try and make a solution which should be free
+from these defects. I first take my positive, which, as a general rule, I
+print at least half as dark again as the shade required. This done, I wash
+it well with water, and next with salt and water in the proportion of about
+half a grain per gallon, or quite a tasteless solution; this removes all
+the nitrate of silver from the paper, or if there is any left, the bath of
+salt decomposes it, leaving none in the texture of the paper to unite with
+the hypo., which otherwise forms a sticky substance, difficult to remove,
+which may be readily seen on looking through a positive which has been too
+hastily finished in the usual way, giving a dark shade, and a want of
+transparency to the lights. I then place the picture in a bath composed as
+follows:
+
+  Sodae hyposul.              3 oz.
+  Argent. chlorid.          70 grs.
+  Potassii iodidi            5 grs.
+  Pyrogallic acid            1-1/2 to 2 grs.
+
+The iodide of potassium I add on the same principle as MR. POLLOCK's iodide
+of silver, but as being {16} more convenient, as immediately on being added
+it decomposes some of the chloride of silver, and forms iodide of silver. I
+am happy to find that MR. POLLOCK confirms me in the use of this salt;
+which I had long thought to improve the tone of my pictures. The liquid,
+which will become rapidly very dark coloured, must be set aside in an open
+vessel in a warm place for some weeks, _e.g._ till, when a positive is
+placed in it, left for a short time, and then washed with water, it shows
+clean and not mottled in the light. The solution may be kept always
+exposed, and much improves by this: if _much_ used, it should be
+replenished with a simple solution of hypo. three ounces or two ounces to
+the pint; if little used, it may be filled up as much as evaporates with
+pure water.
+
+The positive is left in this solution till the required tint is obtained,
+when it is to be placed in plain hypo. two ounces to the pint, and in about
+a quarter of an hour transferred to a basin of pure water, and well washed
+in several waters. The other detail of MR. POLLOCK's process is so
+admirably and clearly given, and so like that I pursue, that I will not
+trouble your columns with it again.
+
+The after-bath of pure hypo. is not absolutely necessary; and where it is
+desired to obtain fine olive, and dark sepia, and black tints, a better
+tone results from washing well, long, and frequently, with water alone.
+
+This bath also gives very rich tints with paper, prepared without albumen:
+viz.--
+
+  Chloride of ammonium      5 grs.
+  Water                     1 oz.
+
+Lay the paper on this, and then hang it up to dry, and excite with
+ammonio-nitrate containing seventy grains of nitrate of silver to one ounce
+of water. Should the above solution not give the requisite tints soon after
+being made, add more chloride of silver; but bear in mind that the solution
+will then soon become saturated when setting positives, and when this
+occurs it must be rectified by the addition of a small portion of fresh
+hypo. alone.
+
+F. MAXWELL LYTE.
+
+P.S.--I may add that I have only lately tried the addition of the iodide of
+potassium to my setting liquid, and so must qualify my recommendation of it
+by saying so.
+
+Florian, Torquay.
+
+_Stereoscopic Angles._--I am obliged to MESSRS. SHADBOLT and WILKINSON for
+the information given in reply to my Queries (Vol. vii., p. 505.) My mode
+of operation is precisely that of MR. WILKINSON: "I obtain all the
+information I can from every source; then try, and judge for myself." Hence
+the present letter.
+
+I regret to be obliged to differ from MR. SHADBOLT, but there is a point in
+his communication which appears to me to arise from a misconception of the
+stereoscopic problem. He says (p. 557.), "for _distant_ views there is in
+nature scarcely any _stereoscopic_ effect." Now, surely visual distance is
+merely visual stereosity; for, to see an object solid is merely to see its
+parts in relief, some of them appearing to project or recede from the
+others. It is the difficulty of producing this effect in landscapes, by the
+ordinary camera process, that renders views taken by such means so
+deficient in air, or, as the artists term it, aerial perspective, most
+distant objects seeming almost as near as those in the foreground. This
+indeed is the main defect of all photographs: they are true representations
+of nature to one eye--cyclopean pictures, as it were--appearing perfectly
+stereoscopic with one eye closed, but seeming absolutely flattened when
+viewed by the two eyes. I remember being shown a huge photograph of the
+city of Berlin, taken from an eminence; and a more violent caricature of
+nature I never set eyes upon. It was almost Chinese in its perspective: the
+house-tops appeared to have been mangled. It was a wonderful work of art,
+photographically considered; but artistically it was positively hideous.
+But the same defect exists in _all_ monophotographic representations,
+though in a less degree, and consequently less apparent than in views to
+which a sense of distance is essential. In portraits, the features appear
+slightly flattened; and until photographers are able to overcome this, the
+chief of all obstacles to perfection, it is idle to talk of the art giving
+a correct rendering of nature. This is what is wanted, more than colour,
+diactinic lenses, multiplication of impressions, or anything else. And when
+it is remembered that the law of an ordinary convex lens is, the farther
+the object from the lens the nearer the focus, and, _vice versa_, the
+nearer the object the farther the focus, it becomes evident that by such an
+instrument distant objects must be made to appear near, and near objects
+distant, and nature consequently mangled.
+
+The stereoscope gives us the only demonstrably correct representation of
+nature; and when that instrument is rendered more simple, and the peep-show
+character of the apparatus disconnected from it, the art of photography
+will transcend the productions of the painter--but not till then.
+
+I am anxious to obtain all the information I can from such of your
+photographic readers as are practically acquainted with the stereoscopic
+portion of the art relative to the angles under which they find it best to
+take their pictures for given distances.
+
+Mr. Fenton, the secretary of the Photographic Society, takes his
+stereoscopic pictures, when the objects are 50 feet and upwards from the
+camera, at 1 in 25. This is, as MR. SHADBOLT states, Professor Wheatstone's
+rule for distances. {17}
+
+MR. WILKINSON, on the other hand, asserts that 3 feet in 300 yards is
+sufficient separation for the cameras: this is only 1 in 300,--a vast
+difference truly.
+
+"For views across the Thames," says the editor of the _Photographic
+Journal_, "the cameras should be placed 12 feet apart, and with this
+separation the effect is declared to be astonishing."
+
+MR. WILKINSON, however, asserts that from 4 to 6 feet in a mile will do
+_well enough_!
+
+Farther, Mr. Latimer Clark (the inventor of an ingenious stereoscopic
+camera) states that with regard to the distance between the two positions
+of the cameras, he knows no good reason why the natural distance of the
+eyes, viz. 2-1/2 inches, should be much exceeded. "A little extra relief is
+obtained," he adds, "without visible distortion, by increasing the
+separation to about 4 or 5 inches; but if this distance be greatly
+exceeded, especially for near objects (I give the gentleman's own words),
+they become apparently diminished in size, and have the appearance of
+models and dolls rather than natural objects."
+
+The reason for making the separation between the cameras greater than that
+between the two eyes, is exceedingly simple. The stereograph is to be
+looked at much _nearer_ than the object itself, and consequently is to be
+seen under a much larger angle than it is viewed by the two eyes in nature.
+Hence the two pictures should be taken at the angle under which they are to
+be observed in the stereoscope. Suppose the object to be 50 feet distant,
+then of course it is seen by the two eyes under an angle of 2-1/2 inches in
+50 feet, or 1 in 240. But it is intended that the stereograph should be
+seen by the two eyes when but a few inches removed from them, or generally
+under an angle of 2-1/2 in 12 inches, or nearly 1 in 5. Hence it is
+self-evident that the stereoscopic angle should be considerably larger than
+that formed by the optic axes of the two eyes when directed to the object
+itself.
+
+But there is great diversity of opinion as to the extent of the angles
+requisite for producing the precise stereoscopic or distantial effect of
+nature. For myself I prefer Professor Wheatstone's rule, 1 in 25 for
+objects beyond 50 feet distant. For portraits I find the best angle 1 in 10
+when the sitter is 10 feet off, and for busts about 1 in 5 when placed
+about 5 or 6 feet from the cameras. But I should be happy to receive
+information from any of your readers concerning this important branch of
+the photographic art. For months past I have been engaged in a series of
+experiments in connexion with the subject, and wish for larger experience
+than it is possible for any single operator to acquire for himself.
+
+Mr. Fenton, I may observe, does not keep the cameras parallel in taking
+landscapes, but inclines them so that the same object may occupy as nearly
+as possible the centre of the ground glass plate.
+
+Nor is it essential that perfect horizontality or parallelism of the
+cameras should be maintained in copying trees. For buildings, however, it
+is absolutely necessary that the cameras be kept straight.
+
+I am sorry thus to trespass on your space, but being anxious, as MR.
+WILKINSON says, to collect information from every source, and your
+periodical being a happy medium for conveying and receiving instruction, I
+am glad to avail myself of such a channel.
+
+[Phi]. (2)
+
+P.S.--Mr. Claudet has, I perceive, been awarded the prize given by the
+Society of Arts for the best essay on the stereoscope. Can you, or any of
+your readers, inform me whether this is likely to be published, and when
+and at what price?
+
+_Query respecting Mr. Pollock's Process._--In MR. POLLOCK's directions for
+obtaining positives which appeared in "N. & Q." (Vol. vii, p. 581.), iodide
+of silver is to be dissolved in a saturated solution of hypo. Can you give
+me the quantity of iodide of silver to be dissolved, and the quantity of
+the saturated solution of hypo. in which it is to be dissolved?
+
+N. T. B.
+
+_Gallo-nitrate of Silver._--Can you inform me what the true nature of the
+decomposition is which takes place after a short time in the gallo-nitrate
+solution of silver? and if there be any ready means of rendering the silver
+it contains again available for photographic use?
+
+SIR W. NEWTON, in the description of his calotype process, says: "Bring out
+with the saturated solution of gallic acid, and when the subject begins to
+appear, add the aceto-nitrate of silver solution." Which way of doing this
+is the best,--mixing the two solutions together and applying them to the
+paper; or applying the paper, when wetted with the gallic acid, to the
+silver solution?
+
+T. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Verney Note decyphered_ (Vol. vii., p. 568.).--I am extremely obliged to
+MR. THOMPSON COOPER for his decyphered rendering of Sir Ralph Verney's note
+of a speech or proceeding in parliament. The note itself is not now in my
+possession, but I have requested the owner to be good enough to re-collate
+it with the original, and if any mistakes should appear in the copy, or the
+printing (which is very likely), I will give you notice of the fact, that
+the doubtful words in MR. COOPER's version may, if possible, be set right.
+
+Students in the art of decyphering may be pleased to have the key to the
+cypher recorded in {18} your pages. I therefore give it you as discovered
+by MR. COOPER, and beg, in the strongest way, to reiterate my thanks to
+that gentleman.
+
+  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
+  f, r, k, t, b, h, s, w, c,  g,  p,  d,  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,
+
+  20, 22, 27, 28.
+  l,  x,  m,  n.
+
+The cyphers (if any) for _j, q, y, z_ have not been discovered, and the
+numbers 1, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 remain unappropriated.
+
+JOHN BRUCE.
+
+_Emblems by John Bunyan_ (Vol. vii., p. 470.).--This work which MR. CORSER
+has not met with, is in the folio edition of his works, forming pp. 849. to
+868. of vol. ii. (1768). The plates are small woodcuts of very indifferent
+execution.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Mr. Cobb's Diary_ (Vol. vii., p. 477.).--This volume was printed solely
+for private distribution by the family, who also presented their relatives
+and friends (amongst whom the writer was reckoned) with another volume
+compiled on the decease of Francis Cobb, Esq., the husband of Mrs. Cobb,
+and entitled, _Memoir of the late Francis Cobb, Esq., of Margate, compiled
+from his Journals and Letters_: Maidstone, printed by J. V. Hall and Son,
+Journal Office, 1835. Both of these are at the service for perusal of your
+inquiring correspondent, JOHN MARTIN.
+
+E. D.
+
+"_Sat cito si sat bene_" (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I have not Twiss at hand;
+but I think F. W. J. is mistaken in calling it a "favourite maxim" of Lord
+Eldon. I remember to have heard Lord Eldon tell the story, which was, that
+the Newcastle Fly, in which he came up to town, in I forget how many days,
+had on its panel the motto, "Sat cito si sat bene:" he applied it jocularly
+in defence of his own habits in Chancery.
+
+C.
+
+_Mythe versus Myth_ (Vol. vii., pp. 326. 575.).--It gives me much pleasure
+to have afforded MR. THIRIOLD an opportunity for displaying so much
+learning and sagacity; but I hope he does not imagine that he has confuted
+me. As I only spoke of words which, like [Greek: muthos], had a single
+consonant between two vowels, such words as _plinth_, _labyrinth_, &c. have
+nothing to do with the question. If _mythe_, differing from the other
+examples which are to be found, happens to have _the_ for its termination,
+and thus resembles words of Anglo-Saxon origin, I cannot help it, but it
+was formed _secundum artem_. As to MR. THERIOLD's _m[=y]th_, unless so
+written and printed, it will always be pronounced _m[)y]th_, like the
+French _mythe_.
+
+As to the _hybrid_ adjectives, I only wished to avoid increasing the number
+of them. The French, I believe, have only one, _musical_; for though, like
+ourselves, they have made substantives of the Greek [Greek: mousike] (sc.
+[Greek: techne]), [Greek: phusike], &c., in all other cases they retain the
+Greek form of the adjective, as in _physique_, substantive and adjective,
+while we generally have pairs of adjectives, as _philosophic,
+philosophical_; _extatic, extatical_; &c. Some may think this an advantage;
+I do not.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+_The Gilbert Family_ (Vol. vii., p. 259).--If your correspondent seeking
+genealogical information in reference to my ancestors, calls on me, I will
+show him a presentation copy of _A Genealogical Memoir of the Gilbert
+Family in Old and New England_, by J. W. Thornton, LL.B., Boston, U. S.,
+1850, 8vo. pp. 24, only fifty printed.
+
+JAMES GILBERT.
+
+_Alexander Clark_ (Vol. vii., p. 580.).--I should feel obliged if J. O.
+could find leisure to communicate to "N. & Q." some particulars relative to
+Clark. He is supposed to have been the author of a curious poem: _The
+Institution and Progress of the Buttery College of Slains, in the Parish of
+Cruden, Aberdeenshire; with a Catalogue of the Books and MSS. in the
+Library of that University_: Aberdeen, 1700. Mr. Peter Buchan thus mentions
+him in his _Gleanings of Scarce Old Ballads_:
+
+    "Clark, a drunken dominie at Slains, author of a poetical dialogue
+    between the gardeners and tailors on the origin of their crafts, and a
+    most curious Latin and English poem called the 'Buttery College of
+    Slains,' which resembled much in language and style Drummond of
+    Hawthornden's 'Polemo Middino.'"
+
+This poem is printed in Watson's _Collection of Scottish Poems_, Edin.
+1711; and also noticed in the _Edinburgh Topographical and Antiquarian
+Magazine_, 1848, last page. I am anxious to ascertain if the emblem writer,
+and the burlesque poet, be one and the same person. The dates, I confess,
+are somewhat against this conclusion; but there may have been a previous
+edition of the _Emblematical Representation_ (1779). The _University_ Clark
+is supposed to have been an Aberdeenshire man. Possibly J. O. may be able
+to throw some light on the subject.
+
+PERTHENSIS.
+
+_Christ's Cross_ (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.).--In Morley's _Introduction to
+Practical Music_, originally printed in 1597, and which I quote from a
+reprint by William Randall, in 4to., in 1771, eighteen mortal pages
+(42-59), which, in my musical ignorance, I humbly confess to be wholly out
+of my line, are occupied with the "Cantus," "Tenor," and "Bassus," to the
+following words:
+
+    "Christes Crosse be my speed in all vertue to proceede, A, b, c, d, e,
+    f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, & t, double w, v, x, with y,
+    ezod, & per se, con per se, tittle tittle est Amen, When you haue done
+    begin again, begin again."
+
+J. F. M.
+
+{19}
+
+_The Rebellious Prayer_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--J. A. may find the poem, of
+which he quotes the opening lines, in the _Churchman's Monthly Penny
+Magazine_, October, 1851, with the signature L. E. P. The magazine is
+published by Wertheim & Macintosh, 24. Paternoster Row.
+
+M. E.
+
+"_To the Lords of Convention_" (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--L. EVANS will find
+the whole of the ballad of "Bonnie Dundee," the first line of which he
+quotes, in Sir Walter Scott's _Doom of Devorgoil_, where it is introduced
+as a song. Singularly enough, his best ballad is thus found in his worst
+play.
+
+FICULNUS.
+
+_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 607.).--In a chapel
+adjoining the church of Heveningham in Suffolk, are (or rather were in
+1832) the remains of a good altar tomb, with recumbent effigies carved in
+chesnut, of a knight and his lady: it appeared to be, from the armour and
+architecture, of the early part of the fifteenth century; and from the
+arms, _Quarterly or and gules within a border engrailed sable, charged with
+escallops argent_, no doubt belonged to the ancient family of Heveningham
+of that place; probably Sir John Heveningham, knight of the shire for the
+county of Suffolk in the 1st of Henry IV.
+
+When I visited this tomb in 1832, it was in a most dilapidated condition:
+the slab on which the effigy of the knight once rested was broken in;
+within the head of the lady, which was separated from the body, a thrush
+had built its nest: notwithstanding, however, the neglect and damp to which
+the chapel was exposed, these chesnut effigies remained wonderfully sound
+and perfect.
+
+SPES.
+
+The monument to Sir Walter Traylli and his lady, in Woodford Church in
+Northamptonshire, is of wood.
+
+There is a wooden effigy in Gayton Church, Northamptonshire, of a knight
+templar, recumbent, in a cross-legged position, his feet resting on an
+animal: over the armour is a surcoat; the helmet is close fitted to the
+head, his right hand is on the hilt of his sword, a shield is on the left
+arm.
+
+There is also a fine wooden effigy of Sir Hugh Bardolph in Burnham Church
+in Norfolk.
+
+J. B.
+
+In Fersfield Church, in Norfolk, there is a wooden figure to the memory of
+Sir Robert Du Bois, Kt., ob. 1311. See Bloomfield's _Norfolk_, vol. i. p.
+68.
+
+J. B.
+
+_Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman_ (Vol. vii., pp. 133. 211. 634.).--Upon
+reference to the story of the "tubwoman" in p. 133., it will be seen that
+Mr. Hyde is distinctly stated to have himself married the brewer's widow,
+and to have married her for her money. It is farther said that Ann Hyde,
+the mother of Queen Mary and Queen Ann, was the only issue of this
+marriage; whereas Ann Hyde had four brothers and a sister. No allusion is
+made in this account to Sir Thomas Ailesbury. Your correspondent MR. WARDEN
+says, that "the story has _usually_ been told of the wife of Sir Thomas
+Ailesbury," and that it may be true of her. Will he have the kindness to
+furnish a reference to the version of the story in which Sir Thomas
+Ailesbury is said to have married the tubwoman?
+
+L.
+
+_House-marks_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.).--I do not know whether [alpha].
+recollects the frequent occurrence of _marks_ upon sheep in this country.
+Although I have often seen them, I cannot just now describe one accurately.
+Some sheep passed my house yesterday which were marked with a _cross_
+within a circle.
+
+Riding with a friend, a miller, in Essex, about thirteen years ago, he
+jumped out of the gig and over a gate, to seize a sack which was lying in a
+field. Seeing no initials upon it, I asked how he knew that it was his;
+when he pointed out to me a fish marked upon it, which he told me had been
+his own and his father's mark for many years. He also said that most of the
+millers in the neighbourhood had a peculiar _mark_ (not their names or
+initials), each a different one for his own sacks.
+
+A. J. N.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+"_Amentium haud amantium_" (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--Your correspondent's
+Query sent me at once to a queer old _Terence in English_, together with
+the text, "_opera ac industria R. B., in Axholmensi insula, Lincolnsherii
+Epwortheatis_. [London, Printed by John Legatt, and are to be sold by
+Andrew Crooke, at the sign of the Green-Dragon, in Paul's Church Yard.
+1641.] 6th Edition."
+
+Here, as I expected, I found an alliterative translation of the phase in
+question "For they are fare as they were _lunaticke, and not love-sicke_."
+
+The translation, I may add, is in prose.
+
+OXONIENSIS.
+
+Walthamstow.
+
+_The Megatherium in the British Museum_ (Vol. vii., p. 590.).--It is much
+to be regretted that A FOREIGN SURGEON should not have examined the
+contents of the room which contains the cast of the skeleton of this animal
+with a little more attention, before he penned the above article. Had he
+done so, he would have found many of the original bones, from casts of
+which the restored skeleton has been constructed, in Wall Cases 9 and 10,
+and would not have fallen into the error of supposing that it is a
+_fac-simile_ of the original skeleton at Madrid. _That_ specimen was
+exhumed near Buenos Ayres in 1789; whilst our restoration {20} has been
+made from bones of another individual, many of which are, as I have stated,
+to be found in the British Museum itself, and others in that of the Royal
+College of Surgeons. I are not about to defend the propriety of putting the
+trunk of a palm-tree into the claws of the Megatherium, though I do not
+suppose that the restorer ever expected, when he did so, that any one would
+entertain the idea that this gigantic beast was in the habit of climbing
+trees; but I would fain ask your correspondent on what grounds he makes the
+dogmatic assertion that "Palms there were none, at that period of telluric
+formation." I will simply remind him of the vast numbers of fossil fruits,
+and other remains of palms, in the London clay of the Isle of Sheppey.
+
+W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Pictorial Proverbs_ (Vol. v., p. 559.).--Perhaps the book here mentioned
+is one of the old German _Narrenbuchs_, or _Book of Fools_, which were
+generally illustrated with pictures, of which I have a curious set in my
+possession.
+
+Can any of your correspondents give some account of the nature and merits
+of these books? Are any of them worth translating at the present day? The
+one from which my pictures were taken has the title _Mala Gallina, malum
+Ovum_, and was published at Vienna and Nuremburg. It seems to have been a
+satire on the female sex; but the text, I am sorry to say, is not in my
+possession.
+
+H. T. RILEY.
+
+_"Hurrah," and other War-cries_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.).--The following
+passage (which I find in my notes with the reference _Menagiana_, vol. ii.
+p. 328.) may partially assist your correspondent CAPE:
+
+    "Le cri des anciens Comtes d'Anjou etoit _Rallie_. En voici l'origine.
+    Eude II., Comte de Blois, marchant avec une armee considerable contre
+    Foulke Nerra, Comte d'Anjou, ces deux princes se rencontrerent a
+    Pontlevoi sur le Cher, ou ils se livrerent bataille le 6 Juillet, 1016.
+    Foulke eut d'abord quelque desavantage; mais Herbert, Comte du Maine
+    (dit _Eveillechien_), etant venu a son secours, il rallia ses troupes,
+    and defit absolument, &c. Depuis ce temps-la le cri des anciens Comtes
+    d'Anjou etoit _Rallie_. Et a ce propos je vous rapporterai ce qu'en dit
+    Maitre Vace, surnomme _le Clerc de Caen_, dans son Roman de Normandie:
+
+     'Francois crie _Montjoye_, et Normans _Dex-aye_:
+      Flamands crie _Aras_, et Angevin _Rallie_:
+      Et li cuens Thiebaut _Chartre_ et _Passavant_ crie.'"
+
+This last cry is not unlike the Irish "Faugh-a-Ballagh" in signification.
+
+J. H. LERESCHE.
+
+Manchester.
+
+The following extracts from Sir Francis Palgrave's _History of Normandy and
+England_, vol. i. p. 696., explain the origin of the word "Hurrah,"
+respecting which one of your correspondents inquires:
+
+    "It was a 'wise custom' in Normandy, established by Rollo's decree,
+    that whoever sustained, or feared to sustain, any damage of goods or
+    chattels, life or limb, was entitled to raise the country by the cry of
+    _haro_, or _haron_, upon which cry all the lieges were bound to join in
+    pursuit of the offender,--_Haron! Ha Raoul!_ justice invoked in Duke
+    Rollo's name. Whoever failed to aid, made fine to the sovereign; whilst
+    a heavier mulct was consistently inflicted upon the mocker who raised
+    the _clameur de haro_ without due and sufficient cause, a disturber of
+    the commonwealth's tranquillity.
+
+    "The _clameur de haro_ is the English system of 'hue and cry.' The old
+    English exclamation _Harrow!_ our national vernacular _Hurrah!_ being
+    only a variation thereof, is identical with the supposed invocation of
+    the Norman chieftain; and the usage, suggested by common sense,
+    prevailed under various modifications throughout the greater part of
+    the Pays Coutumier of France."
+
+A. M. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Among the books which we have for some time intended to bring under the
+notice of our readers is a new and cheaper edition of _The Coin Collector's
+Manual, or Guide to the Numismatic Student in the Formation of a Cabinet of
+Coins: comprising an Historical and Critical Account of the Origin and
+Progress of Coinage, from the Earliest Period to the Fall of the Roman
+Empire; with some Account of the Coinages of Modern Europe, more especially
+of Great Britain, by_ H. Noel Humphreys: and we have been the more anxious
+to do this, because, except among professed collectors, greater ignorance
+probably exists on the subject of coins, their date, value, &c., than upon
+any other subject with which educated people are supposed to possess some
+acquaintance. Yet there are few numismatic questions likely to occur which
+ordinary readers would not be enabled to solve by a reference to these two
+little volumes, enriched as it is with numerous illustrations; especially
+if they would place beside them Akerman's most useful _Numismatic Manual_.
+
+We are indebted to Mr. Murray for two volumes which will be among the
+pleasant additions to the cheap books of the month, namely, the new volume,
+being the fourth of the reprint, of Lord Mahon's _History of England to the
+Peace of Versailles_, which comprises the interval between the Peace of
+Aix-la-Chapelle and that of Hubertsburg; and in the _Railway Reading_, for
+half-a-crown! the fourth edition of Lockhart's spirited translations of
+_Ancient Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic_. Thanks, Mr. Murray,
+thanks!
+
+That Mr. De la Motte, who is so well known as an accomplished draughtsman,
+should turn his attention to photography, is no slight testimony to the
+value of the art. That he has become a master in it, may be seen by one
+glance at his own works on the walls of his Photographic Gallery. The
+beginner may therefore receive with confidence the results of that
+gentleman's experience; and _The Practice of Photography, a Manual for
+Students and Amateurs_, just published by him, will {21} be found a most
+useful and instructive companion to every one who is now contemplating an
+excursion, armed with a camera, for the purpose of securing for the
+gratification of his friends truthful records of his wanderings. Mr. De la
+Motte wisely confines his instruction to the paper and glass processes; his
+details on these are clear and minute, and the book is well worth the money
+for those pages of it alone which are devoted to the "Chemicals used in
+Photography."
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_On the Archaic Mode of expressing Numbers in English,
+Saxon, Friesic, &c._, by E. Thomson, Esq.; a learned and ingenious tract,
+written originally for insertion in "N. & Q.," but which fact ought not to
+prevent our speaking of it in the terms which it deserves.--_A Few Words in
+Reply to the Animadversions of the Rev. Mr. Dyce on Mr. Hunter's
+"Disquisition on the Tempest," 1839, and his "New Illustrations of the
+Life, Studies, and Writings of Shakspeare," 1845, &c._ A short but
+interesting contribution to Shakspearian criticism, by one who has already
+done good service in the same cause. If we cannot agree with Mr. Hunter in
+all that he seeks to establish, we can admire his knowledge of Elizabethan
+literature, and appreciate the spirit in which he writes.--_The Antiquary._
+This is the first number of a small work consisting of reprints of
+proclamations, curious advertisements from early newspapers, and such odd
+matters as paint more forcibly than the gravest historian, the colours of
+the times.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+THE COMPLAYNTS OF SCOTLAND. 8vo. Edited by Leyden. 1804.
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS. Vol. V. of Johnson and Steeven's edition, in 15 vols.
+8vo. 1739.
+
+CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. 12mo. London, 1828. (Two Copies.)
+
+JONES' ACCOUNT OF ABERYSTWITH. Trevecka, 8vo. 1779.
+
+M. C. H. BROEMEL'S FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.
+
+COOPER'S ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS. 8vo. 1832. Vol. I.
+
+PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Basil, 1522.
+
+LORD LANSDOWNE'S WORKS. Vol. I. Tonson, 1736.
+
+JAMES BAKER'S PICTURESQUE GUIDE TO THE LOCAL BEAUTIES OF WALES. Vol. I.
+4to. 1794.
+
+WEBSTER'S DICTIONARY. Vol. II. 4to. 1832.
+
+WALKER'S PARTICLES. 8vo. old calf, 1683.
+
+WARNER'S SERMONS. 2 Vols. Longman, about 1818.
+
+AUTHOR'S PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSISTANT. 12mo., cloth, 1842.
+
+SANDERS' HISTORY OF SHENSTONE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. J. Nichols, London. 1794.
+Two Copies.
+
+HERBERT'S CAROLINA THRENODIA. 8vo. 1702.
+
+THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME. _We avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by the
+commencement of a new Volume, to state that our attention has been called
+to the sharp and somewhat personal tone of several of the recent
+contributions to "N. & Q.," and which, we are reminded, is the more
+striking from the marked absence of anything of that character in our
+earlier Volumes. We are perhaps ourselves somewhat to blame for this, from
+our strong indisposition to exercise our editorial privilege of omission.
+Our notice of the subject will, we are sure, be sufficient to satisfy our
+contributors of the inconvenience which must result to themselves as well
+as to us from the indulgence in too great license of the pen. We know that
+when men write_ currente calamo, _words and phrases are apt to escape, the
+full application of which is not observed, until, as Charles Lamb said,
+"print proves it;" but being conscious that, when treating on the subjects
+with which we deal, no one would willingly write anything with design to
+give offence, we shall in future "play the tyrant" on all such occasions
+with more vigilance than we have done._
+
+L. K. _The lines_--
+
+ "Worth makes the man, the want of it the fellow;
+  The rest is all but leather and prunello."
+
+_are from Pope's_ Essay on Man, _Ep. IV._ 203. _See some curious
+illustrations of them in our_ First Volume, pp. 246. 362. &c.
+
+BLACKAMOOR _will find the_ Cyanogen Soap, _manufactured by Thomas,
+excellent for removing Photographic stains. It is, however, to be used with
+care, being_ poisonous.
+
+ALBERT. _The history of the phrase_--
+
+ "Quem Deus vult perdere,"
+
+_will be seen in our_ First Volume, pp. 347. 351. 421. 476.; _and_ Second
+Volume, p. 317.
+
+I. G. T. _Gooseberry_ Fool _is the same as pressed or crushed gooseberries,
+from the French_ fouler, _to press, tread, &c._
+
+SIR F. MADDEN's paper, Was Thomas Lord Lyttelton the Author of Junius's
+Letters? _is unavoidably postponed until next week._
+
+_Replies to our numerous_ PHOTOGRAPHIC QUERISTS _in our next._
+
+_The_ Index _to our_ SEVENTH VOLUME _will be ready on Saturday the 16th._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price
+Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day is published, price 5s.; or, post free, 5s. 6d.
+
+DICKSON AND MOWBRAY ON POULTRY, edited by MRS. LOUDON, with numerous
+beautiful illustrations by Harvey (including the Cochin-China Fowl). Post
+8vo.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MILLER'S FLY-LEAVES is the Literary and Supplemental Portion of his LONDON
+LIBRARIAN. The most extensive Sheet CATALOGUE OF OLD BOOKS published,
+announcing Monthly for Sale, 1000 CHEAP BOOKS, in all departments of useful
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+about the 21st of each Month, containing 24 pages of letter-press, price
+2d., stamped for post, 3d. Annual subscription, 3s.
+
+JOHN MILLER, 43. Chandos Street,
+Trafalgar Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+MILTON'S PROSE WORKS, Vol. V., containing the Conclusion of THE CHRISTIAN
+DOCTRINE, translated and edited by the BISHOP OF WINCHESTER. With a General
+Index to the five vols. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+ARISTOTLE'S ORGANON, or, LOGICAL TREATISES, with the INTRODUCTION OF
+PORPHYRY literally translated, with Notes, Analysis, Introduction, and
+Index, by the REV. O. F. OWEN, M.A. 2 vols. post 8vo. 3s. 6d. per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+CHINA, PICTORIAL, DESCRIPTIVE, and HISTORICAL, with some Account of AVA and
+the BURMESE, SIAM and ANNAM. Illustrated by nearly one hundred fine
+engravings on wood. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR JULY.
+
+MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER'S FLOWERS OF HISTORY, especially such as relate to
+the affairs of Britain, from the beginning of the world to A.D. 1307
+Translated by C. D. Yonge, B.A. In 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth. 5s. per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street,
+Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{22}
+
+THE NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION OF
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE FOR 1853
+
+IS NOW READY,
+
+    In 1 vol. royal 8vo., comprising as much matter as twenty ordinary
+    volumes, with 1,500 accurate Engravings of Arms. Price 38s. bound.
+
+This new and thoroughly revised edition has engaged the author's closest
+attention for a considerable time. Every line of its voluminous contents
+has been tested by the most minute research, and every page has been
+submitted to the members of the various noble and eminent families
+themselves. Much additional information of the deepest interest has thus
+been obtained. The collateral branches, too, have been fully investigated
+and inserted. In addition, great improvements have been made in the
+Heraldic Illustrations, and arrangement of the printing, &c.
+
+Also just published,
+
+BURKE'S LANDED GENTRY, CORRECTED FOR 1853,
+
+    In 2 large vols., including the Supplement, printed in double columns
+    (equal in quantity to thirty ordinary volumes). Price 2l. 2s. bound,
+    with a separate Index, gratis, of all the names (upwards of 100,000)
+    mentioned in the Work.
+
+The great expense attending the production of this important and truly
+national Work will preclude its being again printed in so extended and
+comprehensive a form, and the present opportunity will consequently be the
+only one afforded for obtaining it.
+
+EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+    New Edition, with numerous Additions and Original Letters, now first
+    published, and a copious Index. Complete in 4 volumes, 10s. 6d. each.
+
+"This very excellent edition of Evelyn's famous 'Diary' furnishes us with
+much interesting correspondence never before published. These volumes will
+be treasures to those who delight in genuine curiosities of literature,
+while to the student of history they will be invaluable. The work is a
+necessary companion to the popular histories of our country--to Hume,
+Hallam, Macaulay, and Lingard."--_Sun._
+
+HORACE WALPOLE'S MEMOIRS.
+
+Edited by ELIOT WARBURTON. Cheaper Edition, 2 vols. 8vo. with Portraits,
+16s.
+
+"The Memoirs of Horace Walpole nearly complete the chain of personal,
+political, and literary history, commencing with Evelyn and Pepys, and
+ending almost in our own day with the histories of Mr. Macaulay and Lord
+Mahon. The work is a necessary addition to the library of every English
+gentleman."--_Standard._
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY MAGAZINE. Contents of the Number for JULY:--Engraving
+of the Royal Freemasons' Girls' School; The Increase of Freemasonry; On
+Benefit Societies, by the Rev. T. A. Buckley; Episodes in the Life of a
+Freemason; The Countess and the Serf, by Miss Pardoe; The Knights of St.
+Helen's; On Symbols and Symbolism; A Relic of the Pretender; Eleanora
+Ulfeld; The Prison Flower, by Miss Pardoe; Olden Holiday Customs; Si
+j'etais Roi; Correspondence. Masonic Intelligence:--Supreme Grand Chapter
+of Royal Arch Masons of England; United Grand Lodge; Grand Conclave of
+Masonic Knights Templar; The Ancient and Accepted Rite; Royal Freemasons'
+Girls' School; Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution; Metropolitan;
+Provincial; Scotland; Colonial. Interesting Discovery at Jerusalem.
+Obituary. Notices to Correspondents.
+
+The Third Number will be published on the 30th of September.
+
+ROUTLEDGE & CO., Farringdon Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IRISH EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.--NOTICE is hereby given, That from and after the
+4th July next, the SCHOOL BOOKS used by the COMMISSIONERS OF NATIONAL
+EDUCATION IN IRELAND, may be obtained from the Office, Merrion Street,
+Dublin, for Ready Money only, by the Trade (and by Private Persons ordering
+them in quantities of the value of 10l. and upwards), at the under
+mentioned Prices.
+
+From the above date the Commissioners will supply no books, except to the
+Irish National Schools.
+
+                                               s. d.
+  First Book of Lessons                        0  0-1/2
+  Second    ditto                              0  3
+  Sequel to Second Book, No. 1.                0  3
+       Ditto      ditto, No. 2.                0  3
+  Fourth Book of Lessons                       0  7
+  Supplement to Fourth Book                    0  8
+  Fifth Book of Lessons                        0  7
+  Girl's Reading Book                          0  7
+  Biographical Sketches of British Poets       0  9
+  Selections from British Poets. Vol. I.       0  8
+        Ditto          ditto,   Vol. II.       0  9
+  Introduction to the Art of Reading           0  5
+  English Grammar                              0  3
+  Key to ditto                                 0  0-1/2
+  Third Book of Lessons                        0  6
+  First Arithmetic                             0  3
+  Key to ditto                                 0  3
+  Arithmetic in Theory and Practice            0  7
+  Book Keeping                                 0  4
+  Key to ditto                                 0  3
+  Epitome of Geography                         0 10
+  Compendium of ditto                          0  3
+  Elements of Geometry                         0  3
+  Mensuration                                  0  5
+  Appendix to ditto                            0  4
+  Scripture Lessons, Old Testament, No. 1.     0  4
+        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4
+        Ditto        New Testament, No. 1.     0  4
+        Ditto            ditto,     No. 2.     0  4
+  Sacred Poetry                                0  1
+  Lessons on Truth of Christianity             0  2
+  Agricultural Class Book                      0  6
+  Farm Account Book                            1  2
+  Treatise on Needlework                       1  7
+
+Stationery Office, 27th May, 1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for JULY, 1853, being the First of a New Volume,
+contains:--1. Memoirs of Thomas Moore. 2. Wanderings of an Antiquary, from
+York to Godmanham (with Engravings). 3. Female Novelists. 4. Political
+Caricature, temp. Charles I. 5. A Midland Town (Leicester) in the Reign of
+George III., and Mr. Gardiner's Anecdotes of T. Moore. 6. Historical Notes
+on the Retaining of Counsel. 7. Roman Antiquities found at Kingsholm, near
+Gloucester. 8. Remains of Norman Cross at Birstall, co. York (with an
+Engraving). 9. The Bourne Stream near Croydon. 10. Dr. Guest on the
+Etymology of Stonehenge. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: The Itinerary of
+Richard of Cirencester.--The Roches and Viscounty of Fermoy.--Recent
+repairs of Lambeth Church.--Early state of St. James's Park.--Postmen,
+temp. Charles I., &c. &c. With Notes of the Month, Reviews of New
+Publications, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the
+Earl of Ducie, Lord Dacre, Sir John Hope, Bart., Sir Charles A. Elton,
+Bart., Lt.-Gen. Sir R. Arbuthnot, Vice-Adm. Sir F. Mason, Sir Richard B.
+Comyn, Culling C. Smith, Esq., J. L. Dampier, Esq., Ludwig Tieck, &c. Price
+2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Twenty-eighth Edition.
+
+NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on
+the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means
+of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by
+DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from
+the Author for Five Penny Stamps.
+
+    "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
+    careful perusal of our invalid reader."--_John Bull Newspaper, June_ 5,
+    1852.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S MODERN COOKERY BOOK.
+
+NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.
+
+Now ready, an entirely New, Revised, and Cheaper Edition, with 100
+Woodcuts. Post 8vo., 5s., bound.
+
+MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY. Founded upon Principles of Economy and Practical
+Knowledge, and adapted for the Use of Private Families.
+
+    "A collection of plain receipts, adapted to the service of families. in
+    which the table is supplied, with a regard to economy as well as
+    comfort and elegance."--_Morning Post._
+
+    "Unquestionably the most complete guide to the culinary department of
+    domestic economy that has yet been given to the world."--_John Bull._
+
+    "A new edition, with a great many new receipts, that have stood the
+    test of _family_ experience, and numerous editorial and typographical
+    improvements throughout."--_Spectator._
+
+    "Murray's 'Cookery Book' claims to rank as a new work."--_Literary
+    Gazette._
+
+    "The best work extant on the subject for an ordinary
+    household."--_Atlas._
+
+    "As a complete collection of useful directions clothed in perspicuous
+    language, this can scarcely be surpassed."--_Economist._
+
+    "Full of sage instruction and advice, not only on the economical and
+    gastronomic materials, but on subjects of domestic management in
+    general."--_Builder._
+
+    "We may heartily and safely commend to English housewifery this cookery
+    book. It tells plainly what plain folks wish to know, and points out
+    how an excellent dinner may be best secured."--_Express._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NOW READY,
+
+The most extraordinary Work of the Season,
+
+THE ADVENTURES OF A LADY IN TARTARY, THIBET, CHINA, and KASHMIR; through
+portions of territory never before visited by European. With an Account of
+the Journey from the Punjab to Bombay Overland, via the famous Caves of
+Ajunta and Ellora. Also, an Account of the Mahalleshwur and Neilgherry
+Mountains, the Sanataria of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. With
+Engravings, Portraits and Maps. In Three thick Vols., post 8vo., price 37s.
+6d.
+
+II.
+
+AGNES MAYNARD; or, Dreams and Realities. By the Authoress of "The Garden in
+the Wilderness," &c. One Vol. post 8vo., price 10s. 6d. Ready on Monday at
+all the Libraries.
+
+III.
+
+ROSA ST. ORME, and OTHER TALES. By MRS. LOCKE. One Vol., post 8vo., price
+10s. 6d. Ready on the 1st at all the Libraries.
+
+IV.
+
+MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING; or, the Religion of England staked on the Opening
+or Shutting of the Crystal Palace on Sundays. A Farce, in many Acts. By A
+CLERGYMAN of the CHURCH of ENGLAND. Price 1s.
+
+V.
+
+CONVICTS and COLONIES; Thoughts on Transportation and Colonisation, with
+reference to the Islands and Mainland of Northern Australia. By G. S.
+MORRIS, B.A., Vicar of Bretforton, Worcestershire, formerly one of Her
+Majesty's Chaplains in the island of Van Diemen's Land. Price 2s.
+
+VI.
+
+IMPORTANT to AUTHORS.--New Publishing Arrangements.--HOPE & CO.,
+Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, have resolved to charge
+no commission for publishing Works printed by them, until the Author has
+been refunded his original outlay. They would also state that they print,
+in the first style, greatly under the usual charges; while their publishing
+arrangements enable them to promote the interest of all Works intrusted to
+their charge. Estimates and every particular furnished gratuitously in
+course of post.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{23}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
+Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
+General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other
+Talbotype Papers.
+
+Pure Photographic Chemicals.
+
+Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver).--J. B.
+HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their
+Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,
+tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any
+climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.
+manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements
+adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for
+Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses
+from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+T. OTTEWILL (from Horne & Co.'s) begs most respectfully to call the
+attention of Gentlemen, Tourists, and Photographers, to the superiority of
+his newly registered DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERAS, possessing the
+efficiency and ready adjustment of the Sliding Camera, with the portability
+and convenience of the Folding Ditto.
+
+Every description of Apparatus to order.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Established 1824.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIVE BONUSES have been declared: at the last in January, 1852, the sum of
+131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
+different ages from 24-1/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
+five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.
+
+The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
+now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
+obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF
+PARTNERSHIP.
+
+POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next
+Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.
+
+On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need be
+paid for the first five years.
+
+INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.
+
+Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are
+_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.
+
+Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+Society's Agents, or of
+
+GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
+
+99. _Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH,
+
+BOLTON, LANCASHIRE,
+
+RESPECTFULLY informs the Clergy, Architects, and Churchwardens, that he
+replies immediately to all applications by letter, for information
+respecting his Manufactures in CHURCH FURNITURE, ROBES, COMMUNION LINEN,
+&c., &c., supplying full information as to Prices, together with Sketches,
+Estimates, Patterns of Materials, &c., &c.
+
+Having declined appointing Agents, MR. FRENCH invites direct communications
+by Post, as the most economical and satisfactory arrangement. PARCELS
+delivered Free by Railway.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ESTABLISHED 1841.
+
+MEDICAL, INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,
+
+25. PALL MALL.
+
+During the last Ten Years, this Society has issued more than _Four Thousand
+One Hundred and Fifty Policies_--
+
+Covering Assurances to the extent of _One Million Six Hundred and
+Eighty-seven Thousand Pounds, and upwards_--
+
+Yielding Annual Premiums amounting to _Seventy-three Thousand Pounds_.
+
+This Society is the only one possessing Tables for the Assurance of
+Diseased Lives.
+
+Healthy Lives Assured at Home and Abroad at lower rates than at most other
+Offices.
+
+A Bonus of 50 per cent. on the premiums paid was added to the policies at
+last Division of Profits.
+
+Next Division in 1853--in which all Policies effected before 30th June,
+1853, will participate.
+
+Agents wanted for vacant places.
+
+Prospectuses, Forms of Proposal, and every other information, may be
+obtained of the Secretary at the Chief Office, or on application to any of
+the Society's Agents in the country.
+
+  F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.
+  C. DOUGLAS SINGER, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads;
+also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new
+warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture
+Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment
+complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{24}
+
+THIS DAY ARE PUBLISHED,
+
+FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR July, price 2s. 6d., or by Post, 3s., containing:
+
+  The Navy of France.
+  Cayley's Las Alforjas.
+  The Tables Turned.
+  Wanted--an Owner.--Some Account of certain Bones found in a Vault beneath
+      Rothwell Church.
+  History of the Prussian Court and Aristocracy.
+  Bertha's Love.
+  Carpiana.
+  Lorenzo Benomi.
+  Chimney Pots. By a Grumbler.
+  Emily Orford. Part I.
+  Mahomet's Song.
+  Belgium, Leopold, and the Duke of Brabant.
+
+II.
+
+Dedicated by Special Permission to Her Majesty.
+
+MELIORA; or, Better Times to Come. Edited by VISCOUNT INGESTRE. THE SECOND
+SERIES, 5s., containing Contributions by
+
+  Rev. T. Beames.         |  John Leigh.
+  T. Beggs.               |  Viscount Lewisham, M.P.
+  Dr. G. Bell.            |  Rev. H. Mackenzie.
+  Earl of Carlisle.       |  Hon. and Rev. S. G. Osborne.
+  Rev. J. Field.          |  Rev. T. F. Stooks.
+  Montagu Gore.           |  Lord Teignmouth.
+  Dr. Guy.                |  Alex. Thomson.
+
+With some Papers by Working Men.
+
+MELIORA. THE FIRST SERIES. Second Edition, 5s.
+
+III.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS; or, Counsels, Civil and Moral: with a Table of the Colours
+of Good and Evil. Revised from the early Copies, with the References now
+first supplied, and a few Notes, by T. MARKBY, M.A. 1s. 6d. in cloth.
+
+By the same Editor,
+
+BACON'S ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING. 2s. in cloth.
+
+HOOKER'S ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY. Book I. 1s. 6d.
+
+IV.
+
+ANALYSIS OF GRECIAN HISTORY. By DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A., Head Master of the
+Royal Institution, Liverpool. 2s.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+ANALYSIS OF ROMAN HISTORY. 2s.
+
+ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND OF FRENCH HISTORY. Second Edition. 2s.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
+West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY.--No. III. JULY.
+
+      CONTENTS:
+  1. A Trip to Leipsic Fair.
+  2. The Nurse's Tale.
+  3. Modern Spanish Poetry.--Zorilla.
+  4. Erskine's Cruise in the Pacific.
+  5. Castle Building.
+  6. Modern French Art.--Ary Scheffer.
+  7. The History of the Harp.
+  8. Evening Twilight.
+              Price One Shilling.
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+London: JOHN HENRY PARKER.
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+  ALBEMARLE STREET,
+  _July_ 1853.
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+MR. MURRAY'S
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+THE CAPTIVITY OF NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA. From the LETTERS and JOURNALS of
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+WILLIAM FORSYTH, M.A. Portrait and Map. 3 vols. 8vo. 45s.
+
+II.
+
+THE CONCLUDING VOLUMES OF THE DIARY OF GEORGE GRENVILLE, while First Lord
+of the Treasury; including unpublished LETTERS OF JUNIUS. 2 vols. 8vo. 32s.
+
+III.
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+NARRATIVE OF AN EXPLORING EXPEDITION IN TROPICAL SOUTH AFRICA. By FRANCIS
+GALTON, ESQ. Plates and Maps. Post 8vo. 12s.
+
+IV.
+
+TEN MONTHS AMONG THE TENTS OF THE TUSKI; with Incidents of an Arctic Boat
+Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin, as far as the Mackenzie River
+and Cape Bathurst. By LIEUT. W. H. HOOPER, R.N. Plates and Map. 8vo. 14s.
+
+V.
+
+THE STORY OF CORFE CASTLE, and of many who have lived there, including the
+Private Memoirs of a Family in the Time of the Civil Wars, &c. By the RIGHT
+HON. GEORGE BANKES, M.P. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+VI.
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+A HUNTER'S SOLITARY RAMBLES AND ADVENTURES IN THE PRAIRIES. By JOHN
+PALLISER, Esq., Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 10s. 6d.
+
+VII.
+
+A FOUR WEEKS' SUMMER TOUR IN NORWAY, during 1852. By JOHN G. HOLLWAY, ESQ.
+Fcap. 8vo. 2s.
+
+VIII.
+
+THE ISLANDS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC, including the Feejees, and others
+inhabited by the Polynesian Negro Races. By CAPT. JOHN ERSKINE, R.N. Map
+and Plates. 8vo. 16s.
+
+IX.
+
+THE CASTLEREAGH DESPATCHES, during the CONGRESS OF VIENNA, BATTLE OF
+WATERLOO, &c. Edited by the MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. Third and last Series.
+4 vols. 8vo. 56s.
+
+X.
+
+NINEVEH AND BABYLON: Being the Result of a SECOND EXPEDITION TO ASSYRIA,
+with RESEARCHES at NINEVEH and BABYLON. By AUSTEN H. LAYARD, M.P. 12th
+Thousand. Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 21s.
+
+XI.
+
+HISTORY OF GREECE. Continued from the Accession to the Death of Philip of
+Macedon. By GEORGE GROTE, Esq. Vol. XI. 8vo. 16s. (The 12th Volume will
+complete the work.)
+
+XII.
+
+A HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the PEACE OF UTRECHT. By LORD MAHON. Library
+Edition. Vols. I. to VI. 8vo. 78s.
+
+XIII.
+
+LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Cheap and Popular Edition. Vols. I. to IV.
+Post 8vo. 6s. each.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+JOSEPH CUNDALL, 168. New Bond Street.
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+WILLIAMS' NEW ZEALAND DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR. Dictionary of the New Zealand
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+
+WILLIAMS & NORGATE. 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+NIBELUNGEN IN ENGLISH VERSE.
+
+THE FALL OF THE NIBELUNGERS, otherwise the Book of Kriemhild: a Translation
+of the Nibelungen Not, or Nibelungenlied. By W. NANSON LETTSOM, Esq. 8vo.,
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of
+the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his
+practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection
+of spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve
+the sight to extreme old age.
+
+ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the
+Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so
+constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface
+of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a
+telescope so fitted gives one-third more magnifying power and light than
+could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on
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+
+WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
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+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dustan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 2.
+1853.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 8, "a medal won by an officer": 'a medal worn ...' in original
+(corrected, Issue 196).
+
+page 14, "cum tribus principalioribus digitis": 'principalionibus' in
+original
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 192, July 2,
+1853, by Various
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