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+Project Gutenberg's History Plays for the Grammar Grades, by Mary Ella Lyng
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: History Plays for the Grammar Grades
+
+Author: Mary Ella Lyng
+
+Release Date: March 26, 2009 [EBook #28415]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY PLAYS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by C. St. Charleskindt and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+HISTORY PLAYS
+
+_for_
+
+THE GRAMMAR GRADES
+
+
+
+
+Copyrighted, 1922, Mary Ella Lyng
+
+
+
+
+  _To_
+  MISS CORA GALLAGHER
+  _Principal of_
+  MCKINLEY SCHOOL
+
+  In appreciation of a pleasant association
+  and many kindnesses.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+The play idea will always appeal to the minds of children. History, so
+often thought to be a dry subject, is made a live wide awake game when
+the pupils live the parts. The great men and women of history are made
+real to them.
+
+This method has been worked out by the pupils in the fifth grade in
+the McKinley School in San Francisco and found to be most successful.
+
+The chief characters in Mace's Beginners History, the California State
+Text, have been dramatized. The children read the story and study by
+outline. Then with the help of the teacher the important events are
+made into a play.
+
+Much outside reading is encouraged. This awakens an interest in good
+reading and an ability to do independent studying.
+
+The lives of great men and women represent great things. Studying
+about these people is an inspiration to the children for the bigger
+and nobler things of life.
+
+
+  "Lives of great men, all remind us
+  We can make our lives sublime,
+  And departing leave behind us--
+  Footprints on the sands of time."
+
+  --_Longfellow_.
+
+
+MARY ELLA LYNG
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+    CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS                   5
+
+    JOHN SMITH and POCAHONTAS              7
+
+    SIR WALTER RALEIGH                     8
+
+    WILLIAM PENN                          10
+
+    SIR FRANCIS DRAKE                     11
+
+    PILGRIMS                              13
+
+    GEORGE WASHINGTON                     15
+
+    GEORGE ROGERS CLARK                   20
+
+    ANDREW JACKSON                        21
+
+    JOHN C. FREMONT                       24
+
+    WEBSTER, CLAY and CALHOUN             27
+
+    THE STORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN          33
+
+    GRANT AND LEE                         35
+
+    ROBERT E. LEE                         36
+
+    SOME WOMEN OF HISTORY                 38
+
+
+
+
+CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy, more than four hundred
+  and fifty years ago. Genoa was a rich town on the Mediterranean Sea.
+  She had trading routes to India, China and Japan.
+
+  Columbus was fond of stories of the sea and liked the study of
+  geography. He was anxious to go to sea and while a boy made his first
+  voyage. When he grew up to be a man, he went to Lisbon the capital
+  of Portugal. The bold deeds of Henry of Portugal drew many seamen to
+  this city.
+
+  Lisbon was full of learned men and sailors longing to go on long
+  voyages. These sailors had tried to find a shorter way to India but
+  without success.
+
+  Columbus thought this could be done by going directly west. He thought
+  the world round although most people at that time thought it flat.
+  After many trails he laid his plans before the Court of the King of
+  Spain.
+
+  The first act will be Columbus at the Court of Spain.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  King and Queen on throne--courtiers around.
+
+  Columbus enters and bows before king and queen.
+
+Q. ISABELLA: You have come to us to talk about a shorter way to India?
+
+COLUMBUS: Yes, your Majesty. According to this map and the proof I
+have gathered, I believe India to be directly west. I have gone on
+long voyages and have talked to many seamen about the signs of land
+to the westward. I believe the world to be round and if your Majesty
+could aid me I know I could find this shorter route.
+
+QUEEN: We would be glad indeed to aid you, but at the present time
+Spain has little money. The war has taken so much.
+
+WISE MAN OF SPAIN: Your Majesty, this man thinks the world round. That
+is foolish. If you use your eyes you can see it is flat. To sail
+westward in the hope of getting to India is impossible and ridiculous.
+
+WISE MAN: Your Majesty, I think this man right. He says the world is
+round and I think if we study carefully, we will find it is so. If it
+is possible we should give him a chance.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Columbus receiving little encouragement and after several years of
+  waiting, set out to try his fortune in France. He stopped at a convent
+  to beg for some bread. The Prior became interested in his plan and
+  went to the Court of Spain, and begged the Queen not to allow Columbus
+  to go to France but to help him in his plans.
+
+  The next act will be Columbus talking to Queen.
+
+QUEEN: Columbus, I will pledge my jewels in order to raise the money
+for a fleet. I will fit out an expedition and make you Governor over
+the land you discover.
+
+COLUMBUS: Thank you, your Majesty. The lands discovered will be taken
+up in the name of the King of Spain.
+
+QUEEN: Will you take a vow to use the riches you obtain to help drive
+out the Turks from the Holy City of Jerusalem?
+
+COLUMBUS: I will take that vow.
+
+      (_Columbus takes vow_).
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+  The voyage across the ocean was a long and tiresome one. The sailors
+  became discouraged and wanted to return to Spain. Columbus kept on
+  and finally was rewarded. The next act will be the discovery of land.
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+  (Columbus talking to sailors:)
+
+COLUMBUS: I rejoice my friends that you have had the grace to chant
+the vesper hymn in so devout a spirit at a moment when there is
+so much reason to be grateful to God for His goodness to us. What
+cheering signs have encouraged us to persevere. The birds in the
+air, the unusual fishes in the sea and the plants seldom met far
+from rocks where they grow. I deem it probable that we reach the
+land this very night. I call on you all to be watchful.
+
+  (Columbus and Luis walk apart from the other sailors. Columbus a
+  little in advance, stops, calls Luis.)
+
+COLUMBUS: Luis! Look in that direction, seest thou aught uncommon?
+
+LUIS: I saw a light, Senor.
+
+COLUMBUS: Thine eyes did not deceive thee.
+
+LUIS: What think you, Don Christopher?
+
+COLUMBUS: Land! Bid Rodrigo Sanchez of Segovia to come hither.
+
+      (Rodrigo Sanchez comes. All look for light).
+
+COLUMBUS: This is land. We will behold it soon.
+
+      (Sailors come up and look. All exclaim, Land! Land!)
+
+COLUMBUS: See the land, Luis?
+
+LUIS: Yes.
+
+COLUMBUS: Behold the Indies! Praise be to God!
+
+      _End of Columbus Act._
+
+
+
+
+JOHN SMITH _and_ POCAHONTAS
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  John Smith was the savior of Virginia. He was an officer in the new
+  colony sent out to Jamestown. Captain Newport one of Raleigh's old
+  sea captains brought a colony of one hundred settlers to America.
+
+  The first act will be Captain Newport talking to some London
+  merchants.
+
+FIRST MERCHANT: The King has given us a charter for our new colony
+in America.
+
+SECOND MERCHANT: We need some men of adventure.
+
+CAPT. NEWPORT: I know a man, John Smith, who could make the colony
+a success. He has had as wonderful adventures as the knights of old.
+He has just returned from fighting the Turks.
+
+MERCHANT: We will see if the King will make him one of the officers
+in the company.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Smith was made an officer but was not allowed to take part in
+  governing the Colony but resolved to help by visiting the Indians
+  and gathering food for the Colony. The next act will be Smith in
+  the Indian village.
+
+  (Powhatan sitting around bench. His wives sit at his side.
+  Women and children stand around. In front stood Powhatan's
+  fierce warriors. Two big stones are rolled in front of Powhatan.
+  Two warriors rush to Smith, drag him to the stones and force
+  his head upon one of them). (Pocahontas the chief's daughter
+  rushes in.)
+
+POCAHONTAS: Save his life! Do not kill him!
+
+POWHATAN: Your life is saved. You will be my son and play with my
+daughter.
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  After awhile Smith returned to Jamestown. He found much trouble among
+  the settlers. He took command and with the help of Pocahontas the
+  little Indian maiden, restored order and saved them from starvation.
+  Pocahontas was ever afterwards called "The good angel of the Colony."
+  The next act will be Smith talking to the settlers.
+
+SMITH: (Making speech). Every one of us must work. He that will not
+work shall not eat. You shall not only gather for yourself, but for
+those that are sick. They shall not starve. Some of you will plant
+grain, others will build better houses. If this will take place we
+will all be happier and more contented in Virginia.
+
+      _End of Smith Act._
+
+
+
+
+SIR WALTER RALEIGH
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Walter Raleigh was the Englishman who checked the power of the Spanish
+  in America. He was a friend of Queen Elizabeth, and first gained her
+  friendship, by an interesting incident. This act tells the story.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  (Walter Raleigh, Blount, and Tracy, walking along shore see boat
+  of the Queen.)
+
+BLOUNT: See, the Queen's barge lies at the stairs. We had best put
+back and tell the Earl what we have seen.
+
+RALEIGH: Tell the Earl what we have seen! Let us do his errand, and
+tell him what the Queen says in reply.
+
+BLOUNT: Do, I pray you, my dear Walter, let us take the boat and
+return.
+
+RALEIGH: Not till I see the Queen come forth.
+
+  (Queen comes, Raleigh removes his hat and stands close to Queen
+  as she approaches with her court. She hesitates to pass miry
+  spot. Raleigh takes coat from shoulder and lays it on the
+  ground. Queen looks at Raleigh and passes on).
+
+BLOUNT: Come along, Sir Coxcomb, your gay mantle will need the brush
+today, I wot.
+
+RALEIGH: This cloak shall never be brushed while in my possession.
+
+BLOUNT: That will not be long, if you learn not a little more economy.
+
+  (Member of court comes after Raleigh. Queen and court at water's
+  edge, waiting).
+
+COURTIER: I was sent to bring a gentleman who has no coat, you, sir,
+I think. Please follow me.
+
+BLOUNT: He is in attendance on me, the noble Earl of Sussex, Master
+of Horse.
+
+COURTIER: I have nothing to say to that. My orders are from her
+Majesty.
+
+  (Walter and man walk toward Queen).
+
+BLOUNT: Who in the world would have thought it!
+
+  (Raleigh is brought to Queen, who laughs, and talks to
+  attendants).
+
+QUEEN: You have this day spoiled a gay mantle in our service. We
+thank you for your service, though the manner of offering was
+something bold.
+
+RALEIGH: In a sovereign's need, it is each man's duty to be bold.
+
+QUEEN: (Speaking to attendant). That is well said, my lord. (To
+Raleigh) Well, young man, your gallantry shall not go unrewarded.
+Thou shalt have a suit, and that of the newest cut.
+
+RALEIGH: May it please your majesty, but if it became me to choose--
+
+QUEEN: Thou wouldst have gold? Fie, young man. Yet, thou mayest be
+poor. It shall be gold. But thou shall answer to me for the use of it.
+
+RALEIGH: I do not wish gold, your majesty.
+
+QUEEN: How, boy, neither gold nor garment! What then?
+
+RALEIGH: Only permission to wear the cloak which did this trifling
+service.
+
+QUEEN: Permission to wear thine own cloak, thou silly boy?
+
+RALEIGH: It is no longer mine. When your majesty's foot touched it,
+it became a fit mantle for a prince.
+
+QUEEN: Heard you ever the like, my Lords? What is thy name and birth?
+
+RALEIGH: Raleigh is my name.
+
+QUEEN: Raleigh? We have heard of you. You may wear thy muddy cloak,
+and here, I give thee this, to wear at the collar.
+
+  (Gives him a jewel of gold, Raleigh kneels, and kisses hand of
+  Queen).
+
+
+
+
+WILLIAM PENN
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  William Penn was a Quaker and founded the city of Brotherly Love.
+  He was the son of a great naval officer, Admiral Penn. When he became
+  a Quaker his family were very much disgraced. His father drove him
+  from home.
+
+  The next act will be the meeting of King Charles and William Penn and
+  others.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  (King Charles and Court enter. Enter William Penn and others. All
+  hats removed except King's and Penn. King removes his.)
+
+PENN: Friend Charles, why dost thou remove thy hat?
+
+KING: Because wherever I am, it is customary for but one to remain
+covered. (King passes on).
+
+  (Penn's father enters.)
+
+PENN SR.: Sir, I will not permit such conduct toward the King. Leave
+this place at once.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  After Penn's father died, the King gave Penn a grant of land in
+  payment of a debt owed to his father. Penn invited all persecuted
+  Christians to the colony. He gave the colonists the right to choose
+  their own rules and to make their own laws. He also gave them land
+  for their houses and farms.
+
+  The next act will be Penn making a treaty with the Indians.
+
+      (Indians in row--Penn and people).
+
+PENN: (Talks to Indians). We are the same as if one man's body were
+divided into two parts. We are all one flesh and one blood.
+
+INDIAN CHIEF: We will live in love with William Penn and his children
+as long as the moon and the sun shall endure.
+
+  (Pipe of peace is smoked.)
+
+      _End of Play._
+
+
+
+
+SIR FRANCIS DRAKE
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Sir Francis Drake was the English "Dragon" who sailed the Spanish
+  Main and who "singed the King of Spain's beard." He was a most daring
+  seaman. From boyhood he had been a sailor. The first act will be Drake
+  at the Court of Queen Elizabeth.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+    QUEEN ELIZABETH AND COURT
+
+FIRST MAID OF HONOR: Francis Drake has returned from his voyage around
+the world.
+
+QUEEN: Tell me about this Francis Drake.
+
+SECOND MAID OF HONOR: He is a cousin of Captain Hawkins and was with
+him when he had command of a ship against Mexico. The Spaniards killed
+many of the sailors and took all they had.
+
+COURT: He hates the Spanish because he thought they were plotting to
+kill your Majesty.
+
+QUEEN: Bring me to Francis Drake. I will visit him on his ship.
+
+  (Enter Queen and Court.)
+
+QUEEN: How do you do, Francis Drake. They tell me you have made a
+voyage around the world.
+
+DRAKE: Yes, your Majesty.
+
+QUEEN: Tell me of your trip.
+
+DRAKE: (Map and pointer showing the trip). We left England and sailed
+straight for the Strait of Magellan. I was determined to sail the
+Pacific. We entered this harbor. This is where Magellan spent a winter
+when he made his trip around the world. One of my men will tell you
+what happened here.
+
+MAN: We sailed safely through the Strait but a terrible storm arose.
+One of our ships were lost and one sailed for England. We went from
+here, south and here we saw the first great treasure ship. We captured
+four hundred pounds of gold.
+
+DRAKE: Week after week we sailed northward until we reached Peru,
+Pizarro's conquered land.
+
+MAN: Here we saw another great treasure ship. We pursued her and
+captured more than twenty tons of silver bars, thirteen chests of
+silver and a great store of precious gems.
+
+DRAKE: We sailed northward and back again southward and spent a time
+in this beautiful bay. I named the country New Albion and took
+possession in your Majesty's name.
+
+MAN: The natives believed Francis Drake a god and begged us to stay
+with them always.
+
+DRAKE: We sailed on until we saw the island where Magellan had been.
+We sailed on through the Indian Ocean, around the Cape of Good Hope
+and back to England.
+
+QUEEN: Kneel Francis Drake (Drake kneels and is knighted by Queen).
+Arise, Sir Francis Drake.
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+  Drake again went to fight the Spaniards. He sailed boldly for the
+  coast of Spain. He captured shipload after shipload of treasure. He
+  made the Spanish King very angry by his actions and the King resolved
+  to crush England. Drake sailed right into the harbor of Cadiz. He
+  burned so many Spanish ships that it took Spain another year to get
+  the fleet ready.
+
+  The next act will be Drake and others talking to the Queen after the
+  Spanish Armada had been destroyed.
+
+QUEEN: My brave and noble Sir Francis Drake, you have crushed the
+Spanish power on the sea for all time I think.
+
+NOBLE: He has certainly more than singed the King of Spain's beard
+this time.
+
+DRAKE: The terrible storm that came up helped us to destroy the
+Spanish Fleet.
+
+QUEEN: From now on our power on the sea will grow greater and greater.
+We can now go to America without danger from the Spanish.
+
+      _End of Play._
+
+
+
+
+PILGRIMS
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The Pilgrims were persecuted for their religion in England. They went
+  first to Holland. After a time they decided to come to America because
+  they wanted their children to grow up in their own language and
+  customs.
+
+  They set sail for America in the Mayflower. They had a long and
+  dangerous journey, but on November 20, 1620 they found themselves
+  looking with glad hearts upon the sandy but heavily-wooded shores of
+  Cape Cod. They signed an agreement as to the government of the Colony
+  and elected John Carver their first Governor.
+
+  Captain Standish was their captain. The first act will be Captain
+  Miles Standish and his sixteen men returning from an exploring party.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+CLASS: The people on Mayflower.
+
+PEOPLE: Here come Miles Standish and his men! Welcome back to the
+Mayflower! What have you found, Standish?
+
+STANDISH: We have tramped for three days through the forests, up and
+down hills along the coast but found no suitable place.
+
+FIRST ONE OF MEN: We found this. (Corn). We decided to take it up and
+later we will pay the Indians double.
+
+SECOND MAN: While we were examining an Indian snare, Bradford (points
+to Bradford) found himself swinging by one leg in the air--(much
+laughter). We have found a new way to catch game.
+
+STANDISH: The second trip was no better but this time I think we have
+found a good place. I think it is the same place found by Capt. John
+Smith and named Plymouth by him.
+
+GOVERNOR CARVER: I think this will be a good place to land. Shall we
+land here?
+
+PEOPLE ABOARD MAYFLOWER: We will get ready to land.
+
+PEOPLE: It is God's will.
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The first winter for the Pilgrims was a hard one. Many of their people
+  died. Among them Governor Carver. Miles Standish helped them in every
+  way he could. He kept his army ready for any danger. The next act will
+  be Samoset's visit to the Pilgrims.
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+  Miles Standish and several pilgrims talking over military
+  affairs.
+
+STANDISH: We must drill every day in order to be ready for danger.
+
+BRADFORD: Yes we must keep up our careful watching.
+
+BREWSTER: Look at that fine looking Indian coming toward us.
+
+  (All look toward Indian coming).
+
+SAMOSET: Welcome! Welcome!
+
+STANDISH: You talk English?
+
+SAMOSET: Me talk little. Me good Injun.
+
+STANDISH: He looks like a good Indian.
+
+SAMOSET: Me bring more Injuns. (Enter).
+
+SQUANTO: Welcome Englishmen!
+
+BRADFORD: You talk good English.
+
+SQUANTO: My name Squanto, I been to London. I show you many things.
+How plant corn, by putting dead fish in hill. How to hoe corn and
+how to make into meal. I show you to catch eel and how make Indian
+moccasins, canoes and lots of things.
+
+BRADFORD: We will be glad to learn all this Squanto. You are a good
+friend to us.
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+The next act will be the Pilgrims planning for the first Thanksgiving.
+
+  (Men and women talking.)
+
+FIRST WOMAN: Our first summer is now over.
+
+FIRST MAN: Yes, and we have a big harvest; our houses are repaired
+and the health of our people is good.
+
+SECOND WOMAN: After the hardships of our first winter and the
+blessings from God we have now, we should have a Thanksgiving.
+
+ALL TOGETHER: Yes we should. The time for rejoicing has come.
+
+WOMEN: We will have a great feast.
+
+MEN: We will have games and military movements.
+
+MAN: We will invite Massasoit and his warriors who have been so
+kind to us.
+
+
+
+
+GEORGE WASHINGTON
+_and_
+OTHER HEROES OF THE REVOLUTION
+
+
+INTRODUCTION: (Told by pupil).
+
+  We are now going to tell you the story of George Washington and other
+  heroes of the Revolutionary War.
+
+  George Washington was the first president of the United States and
+  was called "The Father of His Country." As a boy he was a skilful
+  horseback rider and liked to go into the forest with his dog and hunt.
+  He had a very good mother. His father called her "The Rose of Epping
+  Forest"--a place in England.
+
+  (Maps are used and pupil points out the places on maps with
+  pointer).
+
+  The first act will be George Washington talking to his mother.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+WASHINGTON: Mother, it is decided that I should go to sea, is it not?
+
+MRS. WASHINGTON: Yes, George, we had consented to your going to sea
+but I would much rather have you go back to school and have a good
+education. According to these old Virginia days the oldest son in the
+family, when the father dies, receives a plantation and your brother,
+Laurence, has received a plantation on the Potomac.
+
+WASHINGTON: Well, mother, if I give up my plans of going to sea and
+go back to school, what shall I do?
+
+MRS. WASHINGTON: You will receive a plantation on the Rappahannock.
+
+WASHINGTON: Well, I shall give up all my plans and go back to school
+and I will try to excel in all my work.
+
+MRS. WASHINGTON: You must excel in both work and play and remember
+the Golden Rule--"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
+
+  (Several boys knock and enter--boys bow and speak to Mrs.
+  Washington).
+
+BOYS: How do you do, Mrs. Washington.
+
+MRS. WASHINGTON: How do you do, boys.
+
+FIRST BOY: George, we want you to come out and play with us.
+
+SECOND BOY: Yes, we want you to be our captain.
+
+THIRD BOY: We will take a walk in the woods.
+
+FOURTH BOY: And maybe have a swim in the old swimming pool.
+
+WASHINGTON: May I go out with the boys, mother?
+
+MRS. WASHINGTON: Yes, George, but don't forget to come in before
+it gets too late.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  When George Washington was sixteen, he was made a surveyor for Lord
+  Fairfax. At twenty he was put in Braddock's army and he saved the
+  broken pieces. He was later elected to the house of Burgesses in
+  Virginia.
+
+  After Washington's brother, Laurence, died, Washington received the
+  beautiful Mt. Vernon plantation on the Potomac.
+
+  One day while Washington was on his way to Williamsburg, he met a
+  beautiful woman named Mrs. Martha Custis, who later became his wife.
+
+  The second act will be Washington, Patrick Henry and others in the
+  house of Burgesses in Virginia.
+
+  (House of Burgesses assembled. Class in House of Burgesses.)
+
+SPEAKER AT DESK: As you know the French and Indian war has left both
+England and her colonies in debt and King George, thinking only of
+England, put a tax on tea and a Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies.
+Through such great men as Samuel Adams and our own Patrick Henry,
+these Acts have been repealed. Now we are confronted with the trouble
+in Boston. Shall the people of Boston be slaves or shall the thirteen
+colonies fight to save that town?
+
+  (Exclamations from House). Fight! Fight! No! No! Fight!
+
+SPEAKER: I think Patrick Henry has a resolution to offer.
+
+PATRICK HENRY: Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen: I offer resolutions
+declaring that Virginia arm herself for the coming war.
+
+MEN OF HOUSE: Why should we fight England? It is the greatest country
+in the world and it is our Mother Country.
+
+SECOND MAN OF HOUSE: Why not send petitions to the King asking him to
+send his two armies out of Boston?
+
+THIRD MAN OF HOUSE: We cannot fight England. Look at Drake. He checked
+the Spanish Armada on the sea while Raleigh checked the Spanish on the
+land. If we fight England it will leave us weaker than we are.
+
+FOURTH MAN OF HOUSE: If we fight our Mother Country now it will spoil
+the little nation we are trying to build up. We are not ready to
+fight.
+
+PATRICK HENRY: Mr. Speaker.
+
+SPEAKER: Mr. Henry.
+
+HENRY: We must fight! I repeat it, Sir, we must fight. An appeal to
+arms and the God of Hosts is all that is left to us. They tell us,
+Sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary.
+But when shall we be stronger? Will it be next year, or next week?
+Sir, we are not weak if we make the proper use which the God of Nature
+has placed in our power. Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be
+heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable, and let it come!
+Our brothers are all ready on the field. Why stand we here idle! Is
+life so dear or peace so sweet as to be purchased at the price of
+chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty God! I know not what course
+others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!
+(Much applause).
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The next act will be the second Continental Congress where George
+  Washington was elected Commander in Chief of the American army and
+  where Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and others were appointed
+  to draw up the Declaration of Independence.
+
+MR. HANCOCK, SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE: You all know that in the first
+Continental Congress we pledged to stand by Boston. If General Gage
+means to make war on that town, let him do it. Is there anything to
+say on the matter, gentlemen?
+
+FRANKLIN: Mr. Hancock.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Franklin.
+
+FRANKLIN: I say that the thirteen colonies should unite in order to
+fight Great Britain.
+
+HENRY: Mr. Hancock.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Henry.
+
+HENRY: I agree with Mr. Benjamin Franklin. I wish to repeat a
+statement I made once before. The distinctions between Virginians,
+Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers and New Englanders are no more. I am not
+a Virginian but an American. (Applause).
+
+RICHARD HENRY LEE: Mr. Hancock.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Lee.
+
+LEE: I make a motion that the thirteen colonies unite in order to
+fight and that we declare ourselves free and independent of Great
+Britain.
+
+MEMBER OF HOUSE: We must show reasons for separating from our Mother
+Country.
+
+ROBERT LIVINGSTON: We must show great men like Pitt and Burke why
+we want to separate from England.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: I make a motion that a committee of men be
+appointed to draw up a Declaration of Independence.
+
+R. H. LEE: I second that motion.
+
+SPEAKER: It has been moved and seconded that a committee of men be
+appointed to draw up a declaration of independence. All those in favor
+say Aye! Contrary minded No!
+
+  Aye! Aye!
+
+SPEAKER: I appoint Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, Benjamin Franklin
+of Pennsylvania, Robert R. Livingston of New York, Roger Sherman of
+Connecticut and John Adams of Massachusetts to draw up a declaration
+of independence. And now gentlemen, the American Army needs a head.
+Who shall it be?
+
+P. HENRY: I think Mr. Adams has a man in view.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Adams.
+
+ADAMS: I have but one man in mind, a gentleman from Virginia, whose
+skill and experience as an officer, whose independent fortune,
+great talents and excellent universal character would command the
+approbation of all America and unite the Colonies better than any
+other person in the Union. If you speak of solid information and
+sound judgment, Colonel Washington is unquestionably the greatest
+man on the floor.
+
+LEE: Mr. President.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Lee.
+
+LEE: I nominate Colonel Washington as Commander in Chief of the
+American Army.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: I second that motion.
+
+HANCOCK: It has been moved and seconded that Colonel Washington be
+made Commander in Chief of the American Army. All those in favor
+say Aye.
+
+  Aye! Aye!
+
+HANCOCK: Not in favor, no. (All Aye). Then General Washington is
+Commander in Chief of the American Army.
+
+      (Cheers).
+
+  (Goes to ante room and brings in Washington who left during Mr.
+  Adams' speech).
+
+Gentlemen, this is General Washington, Commander in Chief of the
+American Army.
+
+      (More Cheers).
+
+WASHINGTON: I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in this
+room that I this day declare with the utmost sincerity I do not think
+myself equal to the task I am honored with.
+
+      _End of Act III._
+
+
+ACT IV.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The signing of the Declaration of Independence was adopted on July
+  4th, 1776 by a Congress of representatives of the Colonies assembled
+  in the State House in Philadelphia.
+
+  The next act will be the signing of the Declaration of Independence
+  as written by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.
+
+PRES. HANCOCK: After several days of debating in Congress the
+Declaration of Independence as written by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia
+is about to be accepted. Is there anything more to say on the subject,
+gentlemen? Mr. Jefferson have you?
+
+JEFFERSON: Mr. Hancock and Gentlemen. We feel that good reasons must
+be shown to the world and to those brave Englishmen, Pitt and Burke
+who have been our defenders for breaking away from our Mother Country.
+We have tried to show these causes in the paper that I have written.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Adams.
+
+ADAMS: Mr. Hancock. We believe that all men are created equal with the
+right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The present King
+of England has shown himself a tyrant in his treatment of the Colonies
+by his repeated acts. Thomas Jefferson has written these facts so the
+world may see them.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Sherman.
+
+SHERMAN: Mr. Hancock. He has taxed us unjustly, without giving us a
+voice in the matter. He has tried to force us to pay the debts of
+England. These are more reasons we wish to give to the world for our
+present action.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Franklin.
+
+FRANKLIN: We have sent petitions to him asking him to stop these
+abuses. He has answered with insult. A prince with such a character
+is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. We therefore, declare we
+are enemies in war, in peace friends.
+
+MR. LEE: Mr. Hancock.
+
+HANCOCK: Mr. Lee.
+
+LEE: I make a motion that the Declaration of Independence as written
+by Mr. Jefferson be accepted and the news be given to the world that
+we are a free people.
+
+MEMBER OF HOUSE: I second that motion.
+
+HANCOCK: It has been moved and seconded that the Declaration of
+Independence be accepted and the news be given to the world that we
+are a free people. All those in favor say Aye.
+
+  Aye! Aye!
+
+Contrary minded, No. And now gentlemen, I sign my name in large
+letters so George Third may read it without spectacles (writes name).
+We must all hang together in this matter.
+
+FRANKLIN: Yes, we must all hang together, or we will hang separately.
+
+HANCOCK: And now let the news be given to the world that we are a
+free people.
+
+BOY: Ring! Grandpa, Ring! Oh Ring for Liberty!
+
+      _End of Washington Act._
+
+
+
+
+GEORGE ROGERS CLARK
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  George Rogers Clark was born in Virginia in 1752. Clark liked to roam
+  the woods. He became a surveyor and an Indian fighter at the age of
+  twenty-one. He was a great leader in Kentucky along with Boone and
+  fought the Indians many times. The British officers aroused the
+  Indians. They paid a certain sum for each scalp of an American. Clark
+  decided to strike a blow at the British across the Ohio. He drilled
+  his men at Corn Island at the falls of the Ohio, the beginning of
+  Louisville. In June he shot the falls and after a long march they
+  reached the old French town of Kaskaskia.
+
+  The first Act will be a dance at Kaskaskia.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  (British and French dancing. Enter Clark and stands at door.
+  Indian lying on floor springs to feet and gives terrible war
+  whoop. The dancing stops. Women scream and men rush toward
+  Clark).
+
+CLARK: Go on with your dance but remember you dance under Virginia
+and not under Great Britain.
+
+  (British General goes up to Clark).
+
+CLARK: I ask you to surrender in the name of Virginia.
+
+BRITISH GENERAL: I surrender. (Hands his sword to Clark).
+
+  (French talk in corner. Father Gibault and other men come up to
+  talk with Clark).
+
+FATHER GIBAULT: We beg of you, Colonel Clark, to spare our lives and
+the lives of our families.
+
+CLARK: Father, your lives are safe. America makes war on no church
+and will protect you all from insult. The King of France has made a
+treaty with the United States and is sending ships and soldiers to
+help us. All we want you to do is put up the American Flag.
+
+FATHER GIBAULT: We are glad to hear this news. It makes us all very
+happy indeed. I will go to Vincennes and tell the good news.
+
+      _End of Clark Act._
+
+
+
+
+ANDREW JACKSON
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Andrew Jackson was born in North Carolina in 1767. His parents were
+  Scotch Irish.
+
+  Schools were few and poor and Andy learned more from the woods than
+  from books. As a boy he was full of fun and mischief and fond of
+  sports, but he was very hot tempered.
+
+  When he was thirteen he learned what war meant for it was the time
+  of the Revolution. Colonel Tarleton killed more than a hundred of
+  Jackson's neighbors and friends, among them Andy's own brother. He
+  never forgave the British.
+
+  At fourteen he was taken prisoner by the British.
+
+  The first act will be Andrew Jackson and a British officer. Enter
+  soldiers dragging Andrew. Officer at desk. Men salute officer.
+
+MEN: We have found this young fellow acting in a suspicious manner
+around the camp, Colonel.
+
+OFFICER: Well, well, a young rebel eh!
+
+ANDREW: Yes, a rebel.
+
+OFFICER: We'll see what you are good for, boy. Clean these boots.
+
+JACKSON: I will not. I am a prisoner of war and expect to be treated
+as such.
+
+OFFICER: You won't! Won't you! (Draws sword and strikes boy on head).
+(Soldiers drag him from room).
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  At Camden smallpox killed his remaining brother and left Andrew poor
+  and sickly looking. His mother also lost her life in caring for
+  American prisoners. Jackson was left an orphan of the Revolution. He
+  studied law and at twenty was admitted to practice in the courts of
+  the State.
+
+  Stories from Tennessee made him long to see that beautiful country,
+  so in company with nearly a hundred men, women and children he crossed
+  the mountains into Tennessee.
+
+  The next Act will be Jackson and others sitting around a camp-fire,
+  telling stories of the Revolution.
+
+JACKSON: This beautiful country of Nolichucky Jack's is worth the
+trouble we have had in coming. Something in the stillness of the night
+makes me think of those dreadful Revolutionary days. What a time it
+was and what a lot of great heroes our country had.
+
+ONE OF MEN: Yes, those were stirring days. Well do I remember that day
+on the Boston Common. On the slopes of the hill where the State House
+now stands there was a fine place to skate and slide. We fellows
+learned our spelling those days for if we didn't we couldn't skate.
+One day after school we hurried to the hillside. We found the ice
+broken everywhere. We knew the British Redcoats had done the damage.
+They thought it fun to make the Yankees angry. We went to General Gage
+and told him what his soldiers had done. He said "You are plucky boys.
+If my soldiers bother you again, let me know."
+
+ONE OF THE GIRLS: Have you ever heard the story of Lydia Darrah?
+
+  No, tell us.
+
+Lydia was my grandmother. She lived in Philadelphia with her husband
+and younger children. General Howe's adjutant took up his quarters
+and secured a back room in which private councils could be held. Just
+before one of these my grandmother was told to retire early as the
+British officers would require the room at seven o'clock and would
+remain late. Lydia suspected that something against the patriot army
+was to take place. She sent the family to bed and taking off her shoes
+crept down the stairs and listened at the door. She learned that all
+the British troops were to march out and surprise General Washington
+and his army. She knew it lay in her power to save the lives of
+thousands of people. She decided to find a way of telling the news.
+
+Going to the mill for flour, she left her sack to be filled and
+hurried on to the American camp where she told one of the officers she
+knew. He galloped off to Headquarters and informed General Washington.
+
+The British officers never knew who gave Washington the information.
+
+JACKSON: She was a brave woman. There were many brave women and men.
+
+MAN: And that fight at Bunker Hill. Of course we lost because we
+didn't have enough powder but how our brave boys did fight, as long
+as the powder held out. They cut down whole ranks of the British army
+as they advanced up the shore.
+
+JACKSON: Well folks, I think we better go to bed. We have a hard
+journey ahead of us. I will keep watch.
+
+  (Jackson leans up against tree, smoking corncob pipe).
+
+  (Suddenly the sound of an owl is heard in the distance).
+
+JACKSON speaks to the man with him: "A little too natural that owl.
+I fear it is Indians. We must arouse the people and go."
+
+  (Goes and arouses people who get ready to leave.)
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Jackson was successful as a lawyer; was made district attorney and was
+  finally elected to Congress. Later became a frontier judge and a man
+  of business. He won fame as a fighter in the war of 1812, and in many
+  fights with the Indians and won the name of "Old Hickory."
+
+  The next act will be calling for volunteers to fight at New Orleans.
+
+JACKSON'S SPEECH: The British are again our enemies. They are
+capturing our men on the high seas and forcing them to fight for
+Great Britain. Shall we stand this? No, I say no. Perry and other
+great sailors are fighting hard with our vessels. The British, if
+we are not careful, will capture New Orleans. Who volunteers to go
+with me? On to New Orleans and Victory!!
+
+      _End of Act III._
+
+
+ACT IV
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  After the Battle of New Orleans Jackson was a great hero. In 1828 he
+  was elected President of the United States. He had bitter quarrels
+  with Clay, Calhoun and Webster over the U. S. Banks. In the Senate was
+  another great man, Thomas H. Benton. He and Jackson had once fought a
+  duel but were now good friends. Benton took Jackson's part against the
+  other men. Refusal of South Carolina to pay the tariff caused trouble
+  during Jackson's time. This act was called nullification.
+
+  The next act will be President Jackson talking to General Scott about
+  South Carolina.
+
+
+ACT IV
+
+JACKSON: South Carolina must be forced to obey the laws of the land.
+The tariff will be collected by force if necessary. To nullify an Act
+of Congress would be most dangerous to the Union. Take soldiers and
+war vessels, General Scott, to Charleston and enforce the law at all
+hazards.
+
+GENERAL SCOTT: I will do my best to enforce the laws of the land,
+President Jackson.
+
+
+
+
+JOHN C. FREMONT
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  John C. Fremont was born in Savannah, in the year 1813, while his
+  parents were on a journey through the South. His father died soon
+  after, and his mother moved to Charleston, South Carolina. He was
+  well educated, and after college spent some years in travel.
+
+  He joined a company of engineers to explore the mountains between
+  Tennessee and South Carolina to find a place for a railway. This
+  region was a rough, beautiful, and wild country, and it gave Fremont
+  a taste for exploring which never left him. His longing for wild life
+  was gratified when he was made assistant to a famous Frenchman who
+  went to explore the region between the Missouri and Canada.
+
+  He married Jessie Benton, daughter of the famous Senator Benton.
+  Benton was interested in the growth of the West. He knew that Fremont
+  was interested in exploring, and used his influence with President
+  Van Buren to have Fremont explore the Rocky Mountains.
+
+  The first act will be Fremont talking to President Van Buren.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  (Senator Benton talking to Van Buren:)
+
+BENTON: The West is a great country, Mr. President. We should have
+it explored and investigated.
+
+VAN BUREN: I agree with you, Senator Benton. The West should be
+explored. If we had a good man to send on this expedition.
+
+BENTON: I know a man, Mr. President; John C. Fremont. He is an
+experienced engineer, and loves the wild life of adventure.
+
+VAN BUREN: Bring Fremont to me.
+
+  (Fremont enters and is introduced by Benton).
+
+VAN BUREN: You are an explorer of note, Mr. Fremont? Will you
+undertake a journey to the Rocky Mountains and bring back a report
+of that country?
+
+FREMONT: Yes, I am very much interested in exploring the West, and
+with your permission and the permission of Congress, will try to
+find out all that we can about that great country.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The next act will be Fremont telling about his first and second trip
+  to the West.
+
+SECRETARY TO PRESIDENT: Fremont and his famous guide, Kit Carson,
+have returned from their second exploring trip to the West and await
+outside.
+
+PRESIDENT: Show them in.
+
+  (Enter Fremont and party).
+
+FREMONT: I have just returned from my explorations, and would like
+to tell you of the trips. On my first trip I left Kansas City and
+followed the Kansas River to the South Pass. On my second trip I
+followed the same route to the South Pass, where I took four men,
+and continued on, to the highest peak in the Rocky Mountains.
+
+ONE OF THE MEN: While there and on the top, we unfurled the stars
+and stripes in all its glory.
+
+FREMONT: Then I decided to cross the mountains. After many weary
+months we beheld a great lake.
+
+ONE OF THE MEN: You can imagine what feelings stirred the breasts
+of men shut in for months by mountains, at seeing what appeared to
+us to be an ocean here in the midst of a continent.
+
+FREMONT: As we strained our eyes along its silent shores, I could
+hardly repress the almost desire to continue our explorations.
+
+MAN: After making preparations, we crossed over the mountains till we
+reached the Columbia River, and traveled down to Vancouver. Here we
+were the guests of the Governor of the British Hudson Bay Company.
+
+FREMONT: On November tenth, we started across the Sierra Nevada
+Mountains, and then on, till we came to Sutter's Fort.
+
+MAN: Here we met the remarkable Captain Sutter. Captain Sutter is a
+native of Switzerland. He came here with the intention of building a
+colony. The Spanish Governor, Alvarado, gladly gave him a great tract
+of land. Captain Sutter has great herds of cattle and many acres of
+grain.
+
+FREMONT: We then decided to cross the mountains farther to the south,
+where the San Joaquin River makes a gap. Here we beheld a great desert.
+
+MAN: An Indian told us that there was neither water nor
+grass--nothing. Every animal that goes on this desert dies.
+
+FREMONT: From here we traveled forward, reaching Salt Lake; having
+made a circuit of the Great Basin. Here we are, with the story of
+our trip.
+
+PRESIDENT: You have had some wonderful experiences. And now, Mr.
+Fremont, I would like you to go on a third expedition--to explore
+the Pacific Coast.
+
+FREMONT: Very well, Mr. President.
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Fremont did not know about the war with Mexico. On his way to the
+  north, he heard that Mexicans were planning to kill every American
+  in California. Jose Castro was a Mexican general. The Mexicans had
+  one hundred and fifty horses. The Americans captured these horses.
+  That was the first victory in the conquest of California.
+
+      The Bear Flag Rebellion.
+
+  The Americans were indeed a rough looking lot. Mounted on horseback,
+  wearing leggings, and carrying pistols and guns. If the Americans had
+  known that war was going on, they would have raised the Stars and
+  Stripes. But not knowing it they decided to make a flag of their own.
+
+  The next act will be the forming of the California Republic.
+
+      (Men and soldiers around room).
+
+MAN: We are now a Republic, and must have a Declaration of
+Independence.
+
+OTHER MAN: Yes, and we must have a flag. Here is one. Mr. Todd made
+it. A bear is drawn on it, and a star. Underneath are the words,
+"California Republic."
+
+OTHER MAN: We will raise this flag on the flagstaff of Sonoma. Now
+we are an independent Republic.
+
+      _End of Act III._
+
+
+ACT IV
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The conquest of California came when a treaty was signed at the Rancho
+  de Cahuenga. (Ca-wen-ga). The next act will be the Californians and
+  Fremont at the Rancho de Cahuenga.
+
+FREMONT: General Flores, General Vallejo, General Pico, and
+Californians: You know why you have been called to this meeting?
+
+GENERAL FLORES: Yes, Captain Fremont, we know why we have been called.
+If we sign a treaty, and promise not to take up arms against the
+United States we will be pardoned for revolting.
+
+FREMONT: Yes, you will be pardoned under those conditions. Do you
+promise?
+
+CALIFORNIANS: We promise.
+
+FREMONT: Very well, sign here.
+
+      (They sign.)
+
+FREMONT: That will do, you are pardoned. Good afternoon, gentlemen.
+
+CALIFORNIANS: Good afternoon, Captain Fremont.
+
+
+
+
+WEBSTER, CLAY _and_ CALHOUN
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  We are going to tell you the story of Webster, Clay and Calhoun.
+
+  Daniel Webster was born in New Hampshire in 1782. He was a very weakly
+  child, no one thought that some day he would have an iron body. He
+  spent most of his time playing in the woods and fields. He loved the
+  animals that he found there. He had a brother named Ezekiel. One day
+  as they were walking through the field, they noticed that some of the
+  cabbage had been eaten so they planned to catch the thief.
+
+  The first act will be the story of the woodchuck.
+
+
+ACT I
+
+  (Daniel and Ezekiel find woodchuck in trap).
+
+EZEKIEL: Well Daniel I see that we have caught the woodchuck.
+
+DANIEL: What shall we do with him?
+
+EZEKIEL: I think that we should kill him.
+
+DANIEL: I think we should take him into the woods and let him go.
+
+EZEKIEL: Let us take the matter to father and let him settle it.
+(Go to father).
+
+DANIEL: Father, we have caught the woodchuck and we do not know what
+to do with him. We have brought the matter to you to settle. Ezekiel
+wants to kill him and I want to let him go.
+
+FATHER: Well boys, we will hold a court. I will be the judge and you
+will be the lawyers. One defend the case and the other prosecute.
+Ezekiel you may speak first, you are the prosecutor.
+
+EZEKIEL: I think we should kill the woodchuck. If we let him go, he
+will be just as much trouble as ever, while if we kill him he can't
+eat any more cabbage and we can sell his skin for at least ten cents
+and small as that sum is it will help pay for some of the cabbage that
+he has eaten, so in either way he is of more value dead than alive.
+
+FATHER: Very good, Ezekiel. Now Daniel we will hear from you.
+
+DANIEL'S SPEECH: God made the woodchuck. He made him to live in the
+bright sunlight and the pure air. He made him to enjoy the free air
+and the good woods. The woodchuck is not a fierce animal like the wolf
+or the fox. He lives in quiet and peace. A hole in the side of a hill
+and a little food is all that he wants. He has harmed nothing but a
+few plants which he ate to keep himself alive. The woodchuck has a
+right to life, to food, to liberty, for God gave them to him.
+
+Look at his soft pleading eyes. See him tremble with fear. He cannot
+speak for himself and this is the only way he can plead for the life
+that is so sweet to him. Shall we be so cruel as to kill him? Shall
+we be so selfish as to take from him the life that God gave him?
+
+FATHER: Ezekiel, Ezekiel, let that woodchuck go!
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION: WEBSTER.
+
+  One day in spring, Daniel Webster's father took Daniel to Exeter
+  Academy to prepare for college. All the boys laughed at his rustic
+  dress and manners.
+
+  He finally entered Dartmouth College at the age of fifteen. He was the
+  best student there. All the students liked him. At the age of eighteen
+  he gave a Fourth of July oration in his college town. After he had
+  finished at Dartmouth, he taught school in order to help his parents
+  send his older brother to school. Later, he entered Christopher Gore's
+  law office. He studied very hard and won name and fame as a lawyer.
+
+  The approach of the war of 1812 brought him into politics.
+
+  He was elected to Congress and took his seat in 1813.
+
+
+INTRODUCTION: HENRY CLAY.
+
+  Henry Clay was born in Virginia at the year of Burgoyne's surrender,
+  1777. His father died when he was four years old. Little Henry lived
+  near the "Slashes" the name given to a low flat region and went to
+  school in a log cabin. He worked on a farm to do his share in the
+  support of the family. Sometimes he would be seen barefooted behind
+  the plow or else riding a horse to mill. From this he was called the
+  "Mill boy of the Slashes." At fourteen he was a clerk in a store but
+  he was made for better use.
+
+  He was put in the office of a famous lawyer who was a clerk in one
+  of Virginia's courts. He went to Richmond and studied law there. He
+  formed a debating club and was made leader. From here he went to
+  Lexington. There his rise in law was rapid, his fame grew and he was
+  known as a lawyer who seldom lost his case.
+
+  He was elected to the House of Representatives and was made speaker.
+  As speaker he helped to bring on the War of 1812.
+
+
+INTRODUCTION: JOHN C. CALHOUN.
+
+  Calhoun was born in the same year as Webster, 1782. He was born in
+  South Carolina. His parents were Scotch-Irish. He learned more from
+  the woods than he did from books and filled his memory before people
+  could fill it. At the age of eighteen he began to prepare for college
+  with the aid of his brother-in-law, a Presbyterian minister. Two years
+  later he entered Yale College, studied hard and soon graduated with
+  much honor. He studied law for three years, a year and a half in his
+  own state and a year and a half in Connecticut. He began to practice
+  law in South Carolina. He did not have much success. Perhaps the law
+  was too dry for him or perhaps because he was soon to be elected to
+  Congress.
+
+  In 1811 he was married and elected to Congress.
+
+  Henry Clay (Speaker) immediately put Calhoun on an important
+  committee.
+
+  The next act will be John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Henry Clay
+  speaking of the war of 1812.
+
+CLAY (speaker): Members of Congress and fellow citizens: England has
+been at war with France for a number of years. France under Napoleon
+has secured a large part of Europe. England has tried in various ways
+to injure France by proclaiming that no ships of any nation shall
+trade with France.
+
+Napoleon retorted, issuing a decree that no ships shall trade with
+Europe and these laws hurt American commerce. Shall we stand this or
+demand our rights?
+
+Gentlemen, I say we must fight. On to Canada!
+
+MEMBER OF HOUSE: I think we should be very careful about going to war
+with Great Britain. She has a thousand war vessels, while the United
+States has only ten or twelve first-class vessels.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: England's troops are numerous, well drilled and
+have had much experience. Our troops are few and poorly disciplined
+and unused to war. I think, all matters in dispute could be arranged
+without fighting.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: We would make a great mistake to fight England
+and France at the same time.
+
+WEBSTER: The British in taking our men have made it a practice to stop
+American merchant ships and seize the best sailors. They claim these
+men are British citizens and could be rightfully seized. Whenever they
+see a fine looking seaman, they say: "You are an Englishman, we will
+take you!" We must fight with the navy. If the war must be continued
+go to the ocean. There the united wishes and exertions of the nation
+will go with you. Even our party divisions end at the water's edge.
+
+MR. CALHOUN: We have tried in various ways to induce England and
+France to change these laws. These are not the only grievances we
+have. England has a large navy. She needs many sailors. When our
+ships were in her parts, she has seized our men and forced them on
+her ships. Is this right? Must we stand such treatment? No! So we
+call forth the patriotism and resources of our country to help us.
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+ACT III
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  From 1819 to 1821, Congress was debating over the Missouri Compromise.
+  The north opposed and the south favored. The excitement spread to the
+  state Legislature and to the people. Many meetings were held.
+
+  Finally Henry Clay succeeded in getting Congress to pass the Missouri
+  Compromise. This act admitted Missouri as a slave state.
+
+  Hayne had spoken against a protective tariff and for nullification and
+  Daniel Webster felt called upon to reply so he made a great speech.
+  His speech was considered by good judges the best ever delivered in
+  Congress. He was probably the greatest orator of his time.
+
+  South Carolina refused to pay the tariff in 1832 and nullified the
+  law of Congress. President Jackson hurried the army and navy to make
+  her pay.
+
+  John Calhoun was for nullification. He said to save the South from the
+  North, a state had a right to nullify a law of Congress.
+
+  The third act will be Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun,
+  speaking on the right of nullification.
+
+SPEAKER CLAY: Gentlemen, we have been debating on the right of a state
+to nullify. We must think of this matter in a calm manner. It is one
+of the most serious times of our country. Our Union is in danger. We
+have heard Mr. Hayne speak on Nullification; also Mr. Calhoun.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: Congress has no right to force another state to
+pay a tariff and we declare a state has a right to nullify.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: President Jackson says the Federal Union must and
+shall be preserved. He has warned the people of South Carolina that
+any attempt at resistance will be put down with a high hand. We of the
+North feel that this must be done in order to save the Union.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: Tariff is helpful to the North but not to the
+South. There is always a difference between the North and South and
+we of the South feel that nullification is right to save us from the
+North.
+
+CALHOUN: Mr. Clay.
+
+CLAY: Mr. Calhoun.
+
+CALHOUN: The Southern people using slave labor will raise more tobacco
+and cotton than they need so the tariff is hurtful to them. The
+Northern people using free labor will manufacture all kinds of things
+and the tariff is helpful to them. The Southern people are for
+agriculture. The Northern people for manufacturing. The Southern are
+for slavery and the Northern are for free labor. To protect the South
+from the North the state has the right to nullify a law of Congress.
+The state has the right because the state is above the nation. The
+states made the constitution.
+
+I believe that nullification is a means of saving the Union from
+secession.
+
+HAYNES: That is the way I feel, Gentlemen. Nullification is right.
+
+MR. WEBSTER: Mr. Clay.
+
+MR. CLAY: Mr. Webster.
+
+MR. WEBSTER: We must not let South Carolina refuse to obey the laws
+of the Union. For if she does she leaves the Union. If South Carolina
+leaves the Union other states will also leave. Gentlemen of Congress:
+Nullification is another name for secession. When my eyes shall be
+turned to behold for the last time the sun in heaven, may I not see
+him shining on the broken and dishonored fragments of a once glorious
+nation. But may I see our flag without a single stripe erased or
+polluted, not a single star obscured but everywhere spread all over
+in characters of living light, that sentiment dear to every American
+heart, Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
+
+MR. CLAY: Gentlemen: I offer a compromise hoping it will please both
+the North and South. I propose that the tariff be gradually reduced
+till 1842 when all duties shall be 20% on the value of the articles
+imported. I think, gentlemen this will be a solution of the question.
+We will debate on it at the next meeting.
+
+      _End of Act III._
+
+
+ACT IV
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  It was in 1848 that our country declared war on Mexico and won it with
+  a great victory for the American Army. The treaty of peace with Mexico
+  gave the United States all the territory then known as Alta (Upper
+  California) and New Mexico.
+
+  The North and the South disputed over this territory. The South said:
+  "It must be open to slavery." The North said: "It must be free." The
+  quarrel grew so bitter that many men thought the Union would be
+  destroyed.
+
+  Kentucky legislature sent Clay back to the United States Senate by a
+  unanimous call, Democrats as well as Whigs joining in the vote. It was
+  a proud moment for the old man.
+
+  Webster then went back to the United States Senate where he joined
+  Clay in supporting the great Compromise of 1850. Calhoun opposed the
+  Compromise.
+
+  The last act will be Clay, Webster and others talking on the
+  Compromise of 1850.
+
+SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE: Gentlemen, for many days we have been debating
+on the serious question of the danger of the South leaving the Union.
+Mr. Clay will read his Compromise.
+
+  (Mr. Clay enters on arm of friend. He is an old man now).
+
+MR. CLAY: Mr. President and Gentlemen: I believe that the Union is in
+danger of destruction but if we can again compromise, I think it can
+be saved. This is what I propose: First that California shall be
+admitted as a free state. Second: That the slave trade be stopped in
+the District of Columbia. This should please the North. To please the
+South, First: I propose that all Federal Officers be given authority
+to hunt for slaves that have escaped to the North and without trial
+or jury be returned to their masters. Second: I propose that the new
+territories coming in as states decide for themselves whether they
+shall be free or slave.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: The fugitive slave law reads thus: 'Any slave
+escaping to the North might be seized wherever found and brought
+before a United States judge. He cannot give testimony, or prove that
+he is not a slave. All citizens are commanded to aid in the capture
+of the fugitive.' Are we willing to accept Mr. Clay's clause in this
+Compromise? As for myself, gentlemen, I think not.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: No, gentlemen, I do not think that we should
+accept this. Many of these people have escaped into the North and are
+living peaceably as free men. If this law goes into effect we will
+have men who for money will go into the North and return these people
+to slavery. There is a higher law even than an act of Congress. It is
+the Golden Rule: 'Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.'
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: I say, Sir, we should have our slaves returned.
+We need our slaves badly.
+
+  (Mr. Calhoun's speech is read).
+
+MR. CLAY: I believe from the bottom of my soul that this measure is
+the re-union of the Union.
+
+MEMBER OF CONGRESS: Mr. Clay's country is Virginia. He does not
+understand that we of the South need slaves. If we of the South can't
+keep our slaves, we will leave the Union.
+
+MR. CLAY: The honorable Senator speaks of Virginia being my country.
+This Union is my country, but even if my own state should raise the
+standard of disunion I would go against her. I would go against
+Kentucky much as I love her.
+
+Mr. Calhoun's speech, Mr. President.
+
+Mr. Calhoun is ill, I have a speech he wishes to be read.
+
+MR. PRESIDENT: Honorable Senator, read Mr. Calhoun's speech.
+
+  (Mr. Calhoun's speech).
+
+Gentlemen of Congress: The Union is in danger today on account of the
+Abolitionists. They have stirred up strife. All agitation against
+slavery should be stopped. The relation existing between the two races
+has existed for two centuries. We cannot permit it to be destroyed.
+'Slavery is a good, a positive good.' There should be an equal
+division of territory between the North and South. If you of the North
+will not do this, then let our Southern states separate and depart in
+peace.
+
+Having faithfully done my duty to the best of my ability, both to the
+Union and my section, I shall have the consolation that I am free from
+all responsibility.
+
+MR. WEBSTER: Mr. President.
+
+MR. PRESIDENT: Mr. Webster.
+
+MR. WEBSTER: I wish to speak today not as a Massachusetts man nor as
+a Northern man, but as an American and a member of the United States
+Senate.
+
+I speak today for the preservation of the Union. Hear me for my cause.
+I speak from an anxious heart for the return of the peace and quiet of
+this Union. I should rather have heard that this Union should never
+be dissolved than that word secession. Secession, peaceable secession.
+Sir, your eyes and mine will never see that miracle. Sir, I see as
+plainly as I see that sun in Heaven that secession means a war. It
+means a war, a war I cannot describe.
+
+      _End of Play._
+
+
+
+
+THE STORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, February 12,
+  1809. His parents were very poor. When he was seven years old his
+  parents moved to Indiana. (He educated himself. Whenever he came in
+  from work he read a book. He read the Bible, AEsop's Fables, Robinson
+  Crusoe and other books). He loved his mother very dearly. She died
+  when he was very young. Her last words to him were: "Try to live as
+  I have taught you and to love your Heavenly Father."
+
+  Many years after he said, "All I am or hope to be, I owe to my angel
+  mother."
+
+  The first act will be Abraham Lincoln and John Hanks coming in from
+  work.
+
+HANKS: Gee, I am tired, aren't you?
+
+LINCOLN: Yes. (Goes to cupboard, takes bread to eat, picks up book
+and begins to read).
+
+HANKS: (Gets bread and lies down). What you reading?
+
+LINCOLN: O, a story of George Washington.
+
+HANKS: Tell us about him.
+
+LINCOLN: After a while.
+
+HANKS: All you do is to read and cipher anyway. I am going to take
+a nap.
+
+      _End of Act I._
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Abraham Lincoln went on a flat boat down the Mississippi. The boat
+  was laden with supplies to sell at New Orleans. While in New Orleans
+  Lincoln visited a slave auction. After having seen this auction,
+  Lincoln was very much more opposed to slavery.
+
+  The next act will be Abraham Lincoln at the Slave auction. (Auctioneer
+  and slaves. Sells several slaves. Class bid and carry on auction, etc.)
+
+  (At end of auction, auctioneer says:)
+
+AUCTIONEER: Rest of these slaves to be sold tomorrow. Gentlemen be
+sure to come.
+
+  (Lincoln and Hanks talk.)
+
+HANKS: Well, well. Abe Lincoln what do you think of that?
+
+LINCOLN: I think it is terrible. _If I ever get a chance to hit
+that thing, I'll hit it and I'll hit it hard._
+
+HANKS: I don't blame you.
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  After Lincoln came back from his voyage down the Mississippi, and the
+  Blackhawk War, he ran for the State Legislature, but was defeated. A
+  little later he ran again and this time he won. He said to a friend:
+  "Did you vote for me?" His friend said, "I did." "Then," said Lincoln,
+  "you must loan me two hundred dollars;" for Lincoln needed a new suit
+  of clothes and stage coach fare to the Capital. Later he was sent to
+  Congress and sometime later he was spoken of for President.
+
+  The next act will be Lincoln waiting in a newspaper office in
+  Springfield for news of his nomination.
+
+
+ACT III.
+
+  (Newspaper office. Lincoln and several men talking and walking
+  around room. Among them Hanks.)
+
+LINCOLN: I wonder who got the nomination.
+
+EXCLAMATIONS: You got it Abe! Sure you got it! Hope Seward didn't get
+it! Oh! there is no chance, Abe has it I know! Sure, Sure.
+
+  (Enter man in great excitement).
+
+Gentlemen, there has been a nomination. (People in office crowd around
+him and talk). Mr. Seward (disappointment on faces of Lincoln and
+men) Mr. Seward is the second name on the list. (Jumps upon chair and
+exclaims). Three cheers for Abraham Lincoln, the next president of the
+United States.
+
+      _End of Act III._
+
+
+ACT IV.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Abraham Lincoln was elected President. Soon after war broke out
+  between the North and the South. Lincoln declared that the war was not
+  to free the slaves but to save the Union. Lincoln soon saw that it was
+  time to free the slaves, so he signed the Proclamation of
+  Emancipation.
+
+  This act linked the name of Lincoln with one of the greatest acts in
+  history.
+
+  The last act will be President Lincoln signing the Proclamation of
+  Emancipation.
+
+  (Lincoln sits at desk. Two men are showing him papers. One enters
+  and says: "Mr. Lincoln, here is Mr. Seward with the
+  Proclamation." Enter Seward and several others.)
+
+MR. SEWARD: I have brought you the Proclamation to sign, Mr.
+President.
+
+  (Lincoln takes paper, reads it over, takes up pen, tries to
+  write, drops pen several times.)
+
+MR. SEWARD: What is the matter, Mr. Lincoln?
+
+MR. LINCOLN: I have been shaking hands since nine o'clock this morning
+and my right hand is almost paralyzed. If my name ever goes down into
+history it will be for this act and my whole soul is in it. If my hand
+trembles as I sign this document, the ones who examine it will say--he
+hesitated.
+
+
+
+
+GRANT AND LEE
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Ulysses S. Grant was born in Ohio, April 27, 1822. His father was a
+  tanner. He was brought up for farm work. Later went to West Point from
+  where he graduated in 1843. He distinguished himself in the Mexican
+  War. He resigned from the army in 1854, tried various kinds of
+  business in St. Louis and Galena, Illinois. On the day after the fall
+  of Sumter, Grant made up his mind to return to the army. In August
+  1861 he became a brigadier general. From 1861 to 1863 his name was
+  connected with most of the successful operations in the West, till
+  Lincoln said of him, "I can't spare this man. He fights." His greatest
+  characteristic was his indomitable grit.
+
+  The first act will be Grant sending his answer to General Buckner at
+  the capture of Fort Donelson.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+  (Grant at desk, writing and looking over maps. Men at wall
+  looking over maps. Officer speaks to General Grant.)
+
+OFFICER: Two soldiers from General Buckner await outside, General
+Grant.
+
+GRANT: Show them in.
+
+  (Enter soldiers with Union man. Soldier salutes).
+
+SOLDIER: General Grant, General Buckner wishes to know on what terms
+you will consider the surrender of Fort Donelson.
+
+GRANT: No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can
+be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works.
+
+SOLDIER: Your answer will be given to General Buckner. Good bye,
+General Grant. (Salute).
+
+GRANT: (Salute). Goodbye.
+
+
+
+
+ROBERT E. LEE
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Robert E. Lee was born in 1807, of an old aristocratic Virginia
+  family; he graduated from West Point (1829) and spent thirty-two years
+  in the regular army; he distinguished himself in the Mexican War.
+
+  Just before the Civil War broke out, he wrote to a friend: "If the
+  Union is dissolved and the Government disrupted, I shall return to
+  my native state and share the miseries of my people, and, save in
+  defense, will draw my sword no more."
+
+  A few days after the fall of Fort Sumter, he was offered the command
+  of the United States Army and declined it. He resigned and after
+  Virginia seceded, accepted a Confederate commission. He took command
+  of the Army of Northern Virginia June 1, 1862. He had great power
+  over men and his soldiers had perfect confidence in "Uncle Robert."
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  The surrender of Appomattox Court House. Salute. Lee and his
+  staff in room. Lee in full dress uniform. Grant enters with his
+  staff. Grant shakes hands with Lee. Grant dressed in rough
+  clothes.
+
+GRANT: How do you do, General Lee. We have not met since the Mexican
+War. Strange is it not?
+
+LEE: (Salute). How do you do, General Grant. No we have missed
+meeting. I have sent for you today, General Grant, to ask you the
+terms of a surrender.
+
+GRANT: The terms are the same as those sent you a few days ago,
+General Lee. All of Northern Virginia must lay down their arms and
+take up the Stars and Stripes.
+
+LEE: Write them and I will sign.
+
+UNION SOLDIER SPEAKS TO OFFICER WITH LEE: Why is it that you and your
+General are in full dress uniform?
+
+OFFICER: When Sherman came through we saved our best suit and this
+is all we have.
+
+  (Grant writes terms and reads to General Lee.)
+
+The Terms: All the Army of Northern Virginia must lay down their
+arms and take up the Stars and Stripes. The men are to be allowed to
+return to their homes and are not to be disturbed by the United States
+authority so long as they observe their paroles and the laws in force
+where they reside. They are to be allowed to take their horses home
+to do the spring plowing.
+
+LEE: You have been generous, General Grant. (Offers sword to Grant.
+Grant takes it and returns it with this remark):
+
+GRANT: A brave man should not be separated from his sword. I tender it
+back to you.
+
+  (Grant and Lee shake hands. Lee goes to his men and speaks to them).
+
+LEE: Men we have fought through this war together. I have done my best
+for you.
+
+GRANT: (Speaks to his men). This day is not to be spent as a day of
+victory but in peace and quiet. These men are now citizens of the same
+country and are to be treated as such.
+
+
+
+
+SOME WOMEN OF HISTORY
+
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  We are now going to tell you the story of some of the great women of
+  our nation, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Julia Ward Howe,
+  and others.
+
+  The first act will be Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the first champion of
+  Woman Suffrage, and the first Woman's Rights Convention.
+
+
+ACT I.
+
+MRS. STANTON TALKING: Ladies we are met here today to discuss women,
+our social, civil and religious conditions, and the rights of women.
+(Applause). For generations we have been held down by man (more
+applause). I want to read to you a set of resolutions. We will call
+them a Declaration of Sentiments. They will be met of course with
+ridicule but that does not matter. Right is right and in time will
+prevail. Here are some of the resolutions:
+
+First: We should have the same right as any other citizen of the
+United States.
+
+The right to own and manage our own property.
+
+The right to cast a vote at an election.
+
+There are others that we will talk of.
+
+You see ladies we should have an equal vote with men. (Much applause).
+
+
+ACT II.
+
+INTRODUCTION:
+
+  Susan B. Anthony met Mrs. Stanton soon after this convention and
+  though she had not been in sympathy with the "Declaration of
+  Sentiments" she changed and was ever after a friend of women's
+  suffrage. They started a weekly paper which they called "The
+  Revolution."
+
+  The next act will be Mrs. Stanton and Miss Anthony talking about
+  their paper.
+
+MISS STANTON: We must let the people of the United States see that the
+only True Republic is this "Men their rights and nothing more--Women
+their rights and nothing less."
+
+MISS ANTHONY: Yes, this is the only way for us to get our rights. We
+will organize a National Women's Suffrage Association.
+
+MISS STANTON: We will go over the country to any state we are needed
+and talk to the people.
+
+MISS ANTHONY: Yes, I will address Congress and I will cast a vote for
+the President. It is my right under the Fourteenth Amendment to the
+Constitution.
+
+      _End of Act II._
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: The reader is obliged to seek information on
+"Julia Ward Howe, and others" elsewhere, as the digital images of
+this document contain final blank pages and a back cover, but no
+further text.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+A Table of Contents has been added to this ebook for the reader's
+convenience.
+
+Inconsistencies in punctuation, spelling and capitalization have
+been retained to match the text of the original document.
+
+The following typographical corrections have been made:
+
+   Page 7: Removed stray parenthesis (Powhatan's fierce warriors.)
+  Page 18: Changed Adam's to Adams' (Mr. Adams' speech)
+  Page 22: Added missing word 'of' (before one of these)
+  Page 22: Added missing letter 'i' to 'with' (with the Indians)
+  Page 26: Added missing period (They sign.)
+  Page 27: Changed 'ahe' to 'the' (caught the woodchuck)
+  Page 30: Added missing word 'OF' (MEMBER OF CONGRESS)
+  Page 33: Changed AEsops to AEsop's (AEsop's Fables)
+  Page 34: Added missing period (Sure, Sure.)
+  Page 34: Added missing period (Mr. Lincoln)
+  Page 34: Added missing quotation marks (with the Proclamation.")
+  Page 34: Changed . to ? (What is the matter, Mr. Lincoln?)
+
+For ease of navigation during classroom use, a few minor formatting
+adjustments have been made in this ebook. Six speakers' names
+were converted to SMALL CAPS to match the style of the text; four
+cases of left-justified unattributed dialogue were indented (three
+cases of "Aye! Aye!" and one case of "No, tell us."); and parentheses
+were added around some stage directions to better differentiate them
+from dialogue.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of History Plays for the Grammar Grades, by
+Mary Ella Lyng
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY PLAYS ***
+
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