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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 223, February 4, 1854 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: March 25, 2009 [EBook #28405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, FEB 4, 1854 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Katherine Ward, Jonathan +Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;" summary=""> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +Typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="original here">like this</span>, and the +original will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passages. Archaic spellings have been retained. +Sections in Greek and Hebrew will yield a transliteration when the pointer is moved over them. Examples: +<span lang="el" title="paidagôgos">παιδαγωγὸς</span> +and <span lang="he" title="lechem">לחם</span>. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + <p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page93" name="page93"></a>{93}</span></p> + + <h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + + <h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, + GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + <hr /> + + <h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="smcap">Captain Cuttle.</span></h3> + <hr class="full" /> + + <table summary="masthead" width="100%"> + <col width="25%" /> + <col width="50%" /> + <col width="25%" /> + <tr> + <td align="left"><b>No. 223.</b></td> + <td class="center"><b><span class="smcap">Saturday, February 4. 1854.</span></b></td> + <td class="ralign"><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition + 5<i>d.</i></b></td> + </tr> + </table> + <hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<table width="100%" class="toc" summary="Table of Contents" title="Contents"> + +<tr> + <td><span class="smcap">Notes:—</span></td> + <td class="tocnum">Page</td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Dryden on Shakspeare, by Bolton Corney</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page95">95</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Party Similes of the Seventeenth Century:—No. + 1. "Foxes and Firebrands." + No. 2. "The Trojan Horse"</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page96">96</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Dutch East India Company.—Slavery in England, by James Graves</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page98">98</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta, by Wm. Winthrop</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page99">99</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Enareans</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page101">101</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1"><span class="smcap">Minor Notes</span>:—Russia and Turkey—Social + Effects of the severe Weather, + Jan. 3 and 4, 1854—Star of Bethlehem—Origin + of the Word "Cant"—Epigram + on Four Lawyers</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page103">103</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="smcap">Queries:—</td> + <td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Contributors to "Knight's Quarterly Magazine"</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page103">103</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">The Stationers' Company and Almanack</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page104">104</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1"><span class="smcap">Minor Queries</span>:—John Bunyan—Tragedy + by Mary Leapor—Repairing + old Prints—Arch-priest in the Diocese + of Exeter—Medal in honour of + the Chevalier de St. George—Robert + Bloet—Sir J. Wallace and Mr. + Browne—Robert Dudley, Earl of + Leicester—Abbott Families—Authorship + of a Ballad—Elias Petley—Canaletto's + Views round London—A + Monster found at Maidstone—Page</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page104">104</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1"><span class="smcap">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—The + Fish "Ruffins"—Origin of the + Word Etiquette—Henri Quatre—"He + that complies against his will," + &c., and "To kick the bucket"—St. + Nicholas Cole Abbey</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page106">106</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="smcap">Replies:—</td> + <td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Trench on Proverbs, by the Rev. M. Margoliouth</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page107">107</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Inscriptions on Bells</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page109">109</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Arms of Geneva</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page110">110</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1"><span class="smcap">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Multiplying + Negatives—Towgood's Paper—Adulteration + of Nitrate of Silver</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page110">110</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1"><span class="smcap">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Passage + of Cicero—Major André—Catholic + Bible Society—Cassiterides—Wooden + Tombs and Effigies—Tailless Cats—Warville—Green + Eyes—Came—"Epitaphium + Lucretiæ"—Oxford + Commemoration Squib—"Imp"—False + Spellings from Sound—"Good + wine needs no bush"—Three Fleurs-de-Lys—Portrait + of Plowden—St. + Stephen's Day and Mr. Riley's "Hoveden"—Death + Warnings in Ancient + Families—"The Secunde Personne + in the Trinitie"</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page111">111</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="smcap">Miscellaneous:—</td> + <td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Notes on Books, &c.</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page114">114</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page115">115</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> + <td class="toc1">Notices to Correspondents</td> + <td class="tocnum"><a href="#page115">115</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.—THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS +AND DAGUERREOTYPES is +now open at the Gallery of the Society of +British Artists, Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, in the +Morning from 10 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span> to half-past 4 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span>, and +in the Evening from 7 to 10 <span class="smcap">p.m.</span> Admission 1<i>s.</i> +Catalogue 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr /> + +<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, +by the most celebrated French, +Italian, and English Photographers, embracing +Views of the principal Countries and Cities +of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6<i>d.</i> A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent +Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for +10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>TO PRE-RAPHAELITES.—On +Sale, a very beautiful Collection of +CHINESE DRAWINGS.</p> + +<p class="center">B. QUARITCH, 16. Castle Street, Leicester +Square.</p> + +<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> B. Q.'s Catalogue of 2000 Rare, Valuable, +and Curious Books, just published, price +6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr /> + +<p>SCIENTIFIC RECREATION FOR YOUTH—EXPERIMENTAL +CHEMISTRY.</p> + +<p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG +EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S +Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories, +5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, 63<i>s.</i>, +and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated +Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded +Free for Stamp.</p> + +<p class="hang1st">WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, +29c. Rotherfield Street, Islington, +London, and of Chemists and Opticians +everywhere.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED +CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, +sent free by post. It contains designs +and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED +different Bedsteads, in iron, brass, +japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, +rosewood, and walnut-tree woods; also of +every description of Bedding, Blankets, and +Quilts.</p> + +<p class="center">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>W. H. HART, RECORD +AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN +(who is in the possession of Indices to +many of the early Public Records whereby his +Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform +Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian +or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared +to undertake searches among the Public Records, +MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient +Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, +in any Branch of Literature, History, +Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in +which he has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="center">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">Just published, in cloth 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p>ON THE DECLINE OF LIFE +IN HEALTH AND DISEASE; being +an Attempt to investigate the Causes of Longevity, +and the best Means of attaining a +Healthful Old Age. By BARNARD VAN +OVEN, M.D., Fellow of the Royal Medical +Chirurgical Society, &c.</p> + +<p>"Old and young, the healthy and the invalid, +may alike obtain useful and practical +hints from Dr. Van Oven's book; his advice +and observations are marked by much experience +and good sense."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p class="center">JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p> + +<p>ECCLESIASTICAL COURTS +REFORM.—An Account of the Present +Deplorable State of the ECCLESIASTICAL +COURTS of RECORD, with Proposals for +their Complete Reformation. BY W. DOWNING +BRUCE, Esq., Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, +Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, +&c.</p> + +<p class="center">HENRY ADAMS, 9. Parliament Street, and +W. ARPTHORP, 22. Bishopsgate Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">TEGG'S CHRONOLOGY.</p> + +<p class="center">In One handsome Volume, post 8vo., cloth, +price 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>TEGG'S DICTIONARY OF +CHRONOLOGY; or, Historical and +Statistical Register, from the Birth of Christ to +the Present Time. Fifth Edition, revised and +improved.</p> + +<p class="center">London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., +85. Queen Street, Cheapside.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, +No. CLXXXVII., is published THIS +DAY.</p> + +<p class="center smcap">Contents:</p> + +<ol style="list-style-type: upper-roman;"><li>LIFE AND WORKS OF GRAY.</li> +<li>HUMBOLDT'S COSMOS—SIDEREAL ASTRONOMY.</li> +<li>MISSIONS IN POLYNESIA.</li> +<li>M. GUIZOT.</li> +<li>RELIGION OF THE CHINESE REBELS.</li> +<li>CASTREN'S TRAVELS AMONG THE LAPPS.</li> +<li>MEMOIRS OF KING JOSEPH.</li> +<li>TURKEY AND RUSSIA.</li> +</ol> + +<p class="center">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>ALL WORKS published under +the Title SCOTT'S POETICAL +WORKS are IMPERFECT and INCOMPLETE, +unless they bear the Imprint of +ROBERT CADELL, or ADAM & CHARLES +BLACK, Edinburgh.</p> + +<p>AUTHOR'S EDITION OF +SCOTT'S POETRY, including the Copyright +Poem of the LORD OF THE ISLES, 6 Engravings, +cloth, gilt edges, 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">A. & C. BLACK, Edinburgh.<br /> +HOULSTON & STONEMAN, London.</p> +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page94" name="page94">{94}</a></span></p> + +<p class="center larger">The Camden Society,</p> + +<p class="center">FOR THE PUBLICATION OF +EARLY HISTORICAL AND LITERARY REMAINS. +</p> + +<p>The Camden Society is instituted to +perpetuate, and render accessible, whatever is +valuable, but at present little known, amongst +the materials for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or +Literary History of the United Kingdom; and +it accomplishes that object by the publication of +Historical Documents, Letters, Ancient Poems, +and whatever else lies within the compass of +its designs, in the most convenient form, and +at the least possible expense consistent with +the production of useful volumes.</p> + +<p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<i>l.</i> per +annum, which becomes due in advance on the +first day of May in every year, and is received +by MESSRS. NICHOLS, 25. PARLIAMENT +STREET, or by the several LOCAL SECRETARIES. +Members may compound for their +future Annual Subscriptions, by the payment +of 10<i>l.</i> over and above the Subscription +for the current year. The compositions received +have been funded in the Three per Cent. +Consols to an amount exceeding 900<i>l.</i> No +Books are delivered to a Member until his +Subscription for the current year has been +paid. New Members are admitted at the +Meetings of the Council held on the First +Wednesday in every month.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="center">The Publications for the year 1851-2 were:</p> + +<p>52. PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES +of CHARLES II. and JAMES II. +Edited by J. Y. AKERMAN, Esq., Sec. S.A.</p> + +<p>53. THE CHRONICLE OF +THE GREY FRIARS OF LONDON. Edited +from a MS. in the Cottonian Library by +J. GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.</p> + +<p>54. PROMPTORIUM: An +English and Latin Dictionary of Words in +Use during the Fifteenth Century, compiled +chiefly from the Promptorium Parvulorum. +By ALBERT WAY, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. +Vol. II. (M to R.) (<i>Now ready.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="center">Books for 1852-3.</p> + +<p>55. THE SECOND VOLUME +OF THE CAMDEN MISCELLANY, containing, +1. Expenses of John of Brabant, +1292-3; 2. Household Accounts of Princess +Elizabeth, 1551-2; 3. Requeste and Suite of a +True-hearted Englishman, by W. Cholmeley, +1553; 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at +Clerkenwell, 1627-8; 5. Trelawny Papers; +6. Autobiography of Dr. William Taswell.—Now +ready for delivery to all Members not in +arrear of their Subscription.</p> + +<p>56. THE VERNEY PAPERS. +A Selection from the Correspondence of the +Verney Family during the reign of Charles I. +to the year 1639. From the Originals in the +possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. To be +edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Trea. S.A.</p> + +<p>57. REGULÆ INCLUSARUM: +THE ANCREN REWLE. A Treatise on the +Rules and Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon +Dialect of the Thirteenth Century, +addressed to a Society of Anchorites, being a +translation from the Latin Work of Simon de +Ghent, Bishop of Salisbury. To be edited from +MSS. in the Cottonian Library, British Museum, +with an Introduction, Glossarial Notes, +&c., by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., +Prebendary of Lincoln. (<i>Now ready.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="center">The following Works are at Press, and will be +issued from time to time, as soon as ready:</p> + +<p>58. THE CORRESPONDENCE +OF LADY BRILLIANA HARLEY, +during the Civil Wars. To be edited by the +REV. T. T. LEWIS, M.A. (Will be ready +immediately.)</p> + +<p>ROLL of the HOUSEHOLD +EXPENSES of RICHARD SWINFIELD, +Bishop of Hereford, in the years 1289, 1290, with +Illustrations from other and coeval Documents. +To be edited by the REV. JOHN +WEBB, M.A., F.S.A.</p> + +<p>THE DOMESDAY OF ST. +PAUL'S: a Description of the Manors belonging +to the Church of St. Paul's in London in +the year 1222. By the VEN. ARCHDEACON +HALE.</p> + +<p>ROMANCE OF JEAN AND +BLONDE OF OXFORD, by Philippe de +Reims, an Anglo-Norman Poet of the latter +end of the Twelfth Century. Edited, from the +unique MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, by +M. LE ROUX DE LINCY, Editor of the +Roman de Brut.</p> + +<p>Communications from Gentlemen desirous +of becoming Members may be addressed to the +Secretary, or to Messrs. Nichols.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.</p> + <p class="i0">25. Parliament Street, Westminster.</p> + </div> +</div> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="center"><span class="larger"><b>WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY</b>,</span><br /> +AND ORDER OF THEIR PUBLICATION.</p> + +<ol><li>Restoration of King Edward IV.</li> +<li>Kyng Johan, by Bishop Bale.</li> +<li>Deposition of Richard II.</li> +<li>Plumpton Correspondence.</li> +<li>Anecdotes and Traditions.</li> +<li>Political songs.</li> +<li>Hayward's Annals of Elizabeth.</li> +<li>Ecclesiastical Documents.</li> +<li>Norden's Description of Essex.</li> +<li>Warkworth's Chronicle.</li> +<li>Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder.</li> +<li>The Egerton Papers.</li> +<li>Chronica Jocelini de Brakelonda.</li> +<li>Irish Narratives, 1641 and 1690.</li> +<li>Rishanger's Chronicle.</li> +<li>Poems of Walter Mapes.</li> +<li>Travels of Nicander Nucius.</li> +<li>Three Metrical Romances.</li> +<li>Diary of Dr. John Dee.</li> +<li>Apology for the Lollards.</li> +<li>Rutland Papers.</li> +<li>Diary of Bishop Cartwright.</li> +<li>Letters of Eminent Literary Men.</li> +<li>Proceedings against Dame Alice Kyteler.</li> +<li>Promptorium Parvulorum: Tom. I.</li> +<li>Suppression of the Monasteries.</li> +<li>Leycester Correspondence.</li> +<li>French Chronicle of London.</li> +<li>Polydore Vergil.</li> +<li>The Thornton Romances.</li> +<li>Verney's Notes of the Long Parliament.</li> +<li>Autobiography of Sir John Bramston.</li> +<li>Correspondence of James Duke of Perth.</li> +<li>Liber de Antiquis Legibus.</li> +<li>The Chronicle of Calais.</li> +<li>Polydore Vergil's History, Vol. I.</li> +<li>Italian Relation of England.</li> +<li>Church of Middleham.</li> +<li>The Camden Miscellany, Vol. I.</li> +<li>Life of Ld. Grey of Wilton.</li> +<li>Diary of Walter Yonge, Esq.</li> +<li>Diary of Henry Machyn.</li> +<li>Visitation of Huntingdonshire.</li> +<li>Obituary of Rich. Smyth.</li> +<li>Twysden on the Government of England.</li> +<li>Letters of Elizabeth and James VI.</li> +<li>Chronicon Petroburgense.</li> +<li>Queen Jane and Queen Mary.</li> +<li>Bury Wills and Inventories.</li> +<li>Mapes de Nugis Curialium.</li> +<li>Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guylford.</li> +</ol> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">THE SECOND VOLUME IS NOW READY.</p> + +<p class="center">Embellished with 9 Portraits, price only 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> +bound, of the</p> + +<p>CHEAP EDITION OF MISS +STRICKLAND'S LIVES OF THE +QUEENS OF ENGLAND.</p> + +<p>To be completed in 8 Monthly Volumes, post +8vo., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, bound, illustrated with +PORTRAITS OF EVERY QUEEN, and +including, besides all other late improvements, +A COPIOUS INDEX.</p> + +<p class="hang1st">Also just published, THE FOURTH AND +CONCLUDING VOLUME, price 6<i>s.</i> bound, +of the</p> + +<p>CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVELYN'S +DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"We rejoice to welcome this beautiful and +compact edition of 'Evelyn'—one of the most +valuable and interesting works in the language, +now deservedly regarded as an English classic."—<i>Examiner.</i></p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">In a few Days,</p> + +<p class="center">PEPYS' DIARY AND +CORRESPONDENCE.</p> + +<p>A NEW AND IMPROVED LIBRARY +EDITION, in 4 vols. demy 8vo., illustrated +with Portraits and other Plates, and with +numerous additional Notes. Edited by LORD +BRAYBROOKE.</p> + +<p class="hang1st">Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his +Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. +Great Marlborough Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">In 8vo., 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, bound in cloth, with many +Woodcuts.</p> + +<p>THE LAWS OF THE HEBREWS +relating to the POOR. By the +RABBI MAIMONIDES. Now first translated +into English, with an Introduction upon the +Rights and upon the Treatment of the Poor, +the Life of Maimonides, and Notes. By J. W. +PEPPERCORNE, ESQ.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Deeply learned and of inestimable value."—<i>Church +of England Quarterly Review.</i></p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">London: PELHAM RICHARDSON, 23. Cornhill; +and E. LUMLEY, 126. High Holborn.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">COMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC +HISTORY OF ENGLAND.</p> + +<p class="center">By WM. BERNARD MAC CABE, ESQ.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="center">In the Press.</p> + +<p class="center">THE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME OF +A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF +ENGLAND. Price 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>Orders to complete Sets can be addressed to the +Publisher, T. C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck +Street, Cavendish Square, London.</p> + +<p>N.B.—Only a limited number of Copies of +this Edition will be published. It will be +therefore necessary for intending purchasers +to give their orders as early as possible.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Carefully compiled from our earliest records, +and purporting to be a literal translation +of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles, +visions, &c., from the time of Gildas; richly +illustrated with notes, which throw a clear, +and in many instances a new light on what +would otherwise be difficult and obscure passages."—Thomas +Miller, <i>History of the Anglo-Saxons</i>, +p. 88.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">Works by the same Author.</p> + +<p>BERTHA; or, The POPE and +the EMPEROR.</p> + +<p>THE LAST DAYS OF +O'CONNELL.</p> + +<p>A TRUE HISTORY OF THE +HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.</p> + +<p>THE LIFE OF ST. ETHELBERT, +KING of the EAST ANGLES.</p> + +<p>A GRANDFATHER'S +STORY-BOOK; or, TALES and LEGENDS, +by a POOR SCHOLAR.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page95" name="page95">{95}</a></span></p> + +<h4><i>LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1854.</i></h4> + +<hr /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>DRYDEN ON SHAKSPERE.</h3> + +<blockquote><p><i>"Dryden may be properly considered as the father of +English criticism, as the writer who first taught us to +determine upon principles the merit of composition."</i>—Samuel +<span class="smcap">Johnson</span>.</p></blockquote> + +<p>No one of the early prose testimonies to the +genius of Shakspere has been more admired than +that which bears the signature of John Dryden. +I must transcribe it, accessible as it is elsewhere, +for the sake of its juxtaposition with a less-known +metrical specimen of the same nature.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"He [Shakspere] was the man who of all modern, +and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most +comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were +still present to him, and he drew them not laboriously, +but luckily: when he describes any thing, you more +than see it, you feel it too. Those who accuse him to +have wanted learning, give him the greater commendation: +he was naturally learned; he needed not +the spectacles of books to read nature; he looked inwards, +and found her there. I cannot say he is every +where alike; were he so, I should do him injury to +compare him with the greatest of mankind. He is +many times flat, insipid; his comic wit degenerating +into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast. But +he is always great when some great occasion is presented +to him: no man can say he ever had a fit subject +for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high +above the rest of poets,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0"><i>'Quantùm lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.'</i>"</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">John <span class="smcap">Dryden</span>, <i>Of dramatick poesie, an essay</i>.</p> +<p class="i12">London, 1668. 4to. p. 47.</p> +</div></div> + +</blockquote> + +<p>The metrical specimen shall now take its place. +Though printed somewhat later than the other, it +has a much better chance of being accepted as a +rarity in literature.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Prologue to</i> <span class="smcap">Iulius Cæsar</span>.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"In country beauties as we often see</p> +<p class="i0">Something that takes in their simplicity,</p> +<p class="i0">Yet while they charm they know not they are fair,</p> +<p class="i0">And take without their spreading of the snare—</p> +<p class="i0">Such artless beauty lies in <i>Shakespear's</i> wit;</p> +<p class="i0">'Twas well in spite of him whate'r he writ.</p> +<p class="i0">His excellencies came, and were not sought,</p> +<p class="i0">His words like casual atoms made a thought;</p> +<p class="i0">Drew up themselves in rank and file, and writ,</p> +<p class="i0">He wondering how the devil it were, such wit.</p> +<p class="i0">Thus, like the drunken tinker in his play,</p> +<p class="i0">He grew a prince, and never knew which way.</p> +<p class="i0">He did not know what trope or figure meant,</p> +<p class="i0">But to persuade is to be eloquent;</p> +<p class="i0">So in this <i>Cæsar</i> which this day you see,</p> +<p class="i0"><i>Tully</i> ne'er spoke as he makes <i>Anthony</i>.</p> +<p class="i0">Those then that tax his learning are to blame,</p> +<p class="i0">He knew the thing, but did not know the name;</p> +<p class="i0">Great <i>Iohnson</i> did that ignorance adore,</p> +<p class="i0">And though he envied much, admir'd him more.</p> +<p class="i0">The faultless <i>Iohnson</i> equally writ well;</p> +<p class="i0"><i>Shakespear</i> made faults—but then did more excel.</p> +<p class="i0">One close at guard like some old fencer lay,</p> +<p class="i0">T'other more open, but he shew'd more play.</p> +<p class="i0">In imitation <i>Iohnson's</i> wit was shown,</p> +<p class="i0">Heaven made <i>his</i> men, but <i>Shakespear</i> made his own.</p> +<p class="i0">Wise <i>Iohnson's</i> talent in observing lay,</p> +<p class="i0">But others' follies still made up his play.</p> +<p class="i0">He drew the like in each elaborate line,</p> +<p class="i0">But <i>Shakespear</i> like a master did design.</p> +<p class="i0"><i>Iohnson</i> with skill dissected human kind,</p> +<p class="i0">And show'd their faults, that they their faults might find;</p> +<p class="i0">But then, as all anatomists must do,</p> +<p class="i0">He to the meanest of mankind did go,</p> +<p class="i0">And took from gibbets such as he would show.</p> +<p class="i0">Both are so great, that he must boldly dare</p> +<p class="i0">Who both of them does judge, and both compare;</p> +<p class="i0">If amongst poets one more bold there be,</p> +<p class="i0">The man that dare attempt in either way, is he."</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0"><i>Covent Garden drolery</i>, London, 1672. 8<sup>o</sup> p. 9.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>A short historical comment on the above extracts +is all that must be expected. The rest shall +be left to the critical discernment of those persons +who may be attracted by the heading of this Note—<i>Dryden +on Shakspere</i>.</p> + +<p>When Johnson wrote his preface to Shakspere, +he quoted the <i>first</i> of the above extracts to prove +that the plays were once admired without the aid +of comment. This was written in 1765. In 1769 +Garrick placed the same extract at the head of his +collection of <i>undeniable</i> prose-testimonies to the +genius of Shakspere. Johnson afterwards pronounced +it to be "a perpetual model of encomiastic +criticism;" and Malone quoted it as an +<i>admirable character</i> of Shakspere. Now, <i>admirable</i> +as it is, I doubt if it can be considered as +expressive of the deliberate opinion of Dryden. +The essayist himself, in his epistolary address to +lord Buckhurst, gives a caution on that point. +He observes, "All I have said is problematical." +In short, the essay <i>Of dramatick poesie</i> is in the +form of a dialogue—and a dialogue is "a chace +of wit kept up on both sides."</p> + +<p>I proceed to the second extract.—Who wrote +the <i>Prologue to Julius Cæsar</i>? To what master-hand +are we to ascribe this twofold specimen of +psychologic portraiture? Take up the dramatic +histories of Langbaine and Baker; take up the +<i>Theatrical register</i> of the reverend Charles Burney; +take up the voluminous <i>Some account</i> of the +reverend John Genest; examine the mass of commendatory +verses in the twenty-one-volume editions +of Shakspere; examine also the commendatory +verses in the nine-volume edition of Ben. +Jonson. Here is the result: Langbaine calls +attention to the prologue in question as an <i>excellent +prologue</i>, and Genest repeats what had been +said one hundred and forty years before by +Langbaine. There is not the slightest hint on +its authorship.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page96" name="page96">{96}</a></span> +I must therefore leave the stronghold of facts, +and advance into the of conjecture. <i>I ascribe +the prologue to John Dryden.</i></p> + +<p>It appears by the list of plays altered from +Shakspere, as drawn up by Steevens and Reed, +that <i>Julius Cæsar</i> had been altered by sir William +D'Avenant and Dryden jointly, and acted at the +Theatre-royal in Drury-lane. It would therefore +seem probable that one of those poets wrote the +<i>prologue</i> on that occasion. Nevertheless, it does +not appear in the works of either poet.</p> + +<p>The <i>Works</i> of sir William D'Avenant were +edited by Mr. Herringman, with the sanction of +lady D'Avenant, in 1673; and its exclusion so +far decides the question.</p> + +<p>The non-appearance of it in the <i>Poems</i> of +Dryden, as published by Mr. Tonson in 1701, is +no disproof of the claim which I advocate. The +volume contains only twenty prologues and epilogues—but +Dryden wrote <i>twice</i> that number!</p> + +<p>I shall now produce some circumstantial evidence +in favour of Dryden. It is derived from an +examination of the volume entitled <i>Covent Garden +drolery</i>. This small volume contains twenty-two +prologues or epilogues, and more than fifty songs—all +anonymous, but said to be written by the +<i>refinedest wits of the age</i>. We have, 1. A prologue +and epilogue to the <i>Maiden queen</i> of Dryden—not +those printed in 1668; 2. A prologue and +epilogue to the <i>Parson's wedding</i> of Thomas Killigrew; +3. A prologue and epilogue to the <i>Marriage +à la mode</i> of Dryden—printed with the +play in 1673; 4. The prologue to <span class="smcap">Julius Cæsar</span>; +5. A prologue to the <i>Wit without money</i> of Beaumont +and Fletcher—printed in the <i>Poems</i> of +Dryden, 1701; 6. A prologue to the <i>Pilgrim</i> of +Fletcher—not that printed in 1700. These pieces +occupy the first twelve pages of the volume. It +cannot be requisite to give any further account of +its contents.</p> + +<p>I waive the question of internal evidence; but +have no misgiving, on that score, as to the opinion +which may henceforth prevail on the validity of +the claim now advanced in favour of Dryden.</p> + +<p>Sir Walter Scott observes, with reference to +the essay <i>Of dramatick poesie</i>, "The contrast of +Ben. Jonson and Shakspere is peculiarly and +strikingly felicitous." He could have said no less—whatever +he might have said as to its authorship—had +he seen the <i>Prologue to Julius Cæsar</i>.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Bolton Corney.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PARTY SIMILES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY:—NO. +I. "FOXES AND FIREBRANDS." NO. II. "THE +TROJAN HORSE."</h3> + +<p class="center">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. viii., p. 488.)</p> + +<p>The following works I omitted to mention in +my last Note from want of room. The first +is by that <i>amiable</i> Nimrod, John Bale, Bishop of +Ossory:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Yet a Course at the Romyshe Foxe, &c. Compyled +by Johan Harrison. Zurich. 1543. 4to."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The four following are by William Turner, +M.D., who also wrote under an assumed name:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Huntyng of the Romishe Foxe, &c. By +William Wraughton. Basil. 1543."</p> + +<p>"The Rescuynge of the Romishe Foxe, &c. Winchester. +1545. 8vo."</p> + +<p>"The Huntyng of the Romyshe Wolfe. 8vo. +1554(?)."</p> + +<p>"The Huntyng of the Foxe and Wolfe, &c. 8vo."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The next is the most important work, and I +give the title in full:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Hunting of the Romish Fox, and the Quenching +of Sectarian <i>Firebrands</i>. Being a Specimen of +Popery and Separation. Collected by the Honourable +Sir James Ware, Knight, out of the Memorials of +Eminent Men, both in Church and State: A. B. +Cranmer, A. B. Usher, A. B. Parker, Sir Henry +Sidney, A. B. Abbot, Lord Cecil, A. B. Laud, and +others. And now published for the Public Good. By +Robert Ware, Gent. Dublin. 1683. 12mo. pp. 248."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The work concludes with this paragraph:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Now he that hath given us all our hearts, give +unto His Majesties subjects of these nations <i>an heart of +unity</i>, to quash division and separation; <i>of obedience</i>, to +quench the fury of rebellious firebrands: and <i>a heart +of constancy</i> to the Reformed Church of England, the +better to expel Popery, and to confound dissention. +<i>Amen.</i>"</p></blockquote> + +<p>The last work, with reference to the first simile +of my note, which I shall mention, is that by +Zephaniah Smith, one of the leaders of the English +Antinomians:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Doome of Heretiques; or a Discovery of +Subtle Foxes who wer tyed Tayle to Tayle, and crept +into the Church to doe Mischiefe, &c. Lond. 1648." +<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page97" name="page97">{97}</a></span></p> +<p>With regard to the second simile, see—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Trojan Horse, or the Presbyterian Government +Unbowelled. London. 1646. 4to. By Henry +Parker of Lincoln's Inn."</p> + +<p>"Comprehension and Toleration Considered, in a +Sermon on Gal. ii. 5. By Dr. South."</p> + +<p>"Remarks on a Bill of Comprehension. London. +1684. By Dr. Hickes."</p> + +<p>"The New Distemper, or The Dissenters' Usual +Pleas for Comprehension, Toleration, and the Renouncing +the Covenant, Considered and Discussed. +Non Quis sed Quid. London. 1680. 12mo. Second +Edition. Pp. 184. (With a figurative frontispiece, +representing the 'Ecclesia Anglicana.')"</p></blockquote> + +<p>The first edition was published in 1675. Thomas +Tomkins, Fellow of All Souls' College, was the +author; but the two editions are anonymous.</p> + +<p>As to the Service Book, see the curious work +of George Lightbodie:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Against the Apple of the Left Eye of Antichrist; or +The Masse-Booke of Lurking Darknesse (<i>The +Liturgy</i>), making Way for the Apple of the Right +Eye of Antichrist, the Compleate Masse-Booke of +Palpable Darknesse. London. 1638. 8vo."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Baylie's <i>Parallel</i> (before referred to) was a +popular work; it was first printed London, 1641, +in 4to.; and reprinted 1641, 1642, 1646, 1661.</p> + +<p>As to "High Church" and "Low Church," see +an article in the <i>Edinburgh Review</i> for last October, +on "Church Parties," and the following +works:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The True Character of a Churchman, showing the +False Pretences to that Name. By Dr. West." (No +date. 1702?) Answered by Sacheverell in "The +Character of a Low Churchman. 4to. 1702." "Low +Churchmen vindicated from the Charge of being no +Churchmen. London. 1706. 8vo. By John Handcock, +D.D., Rector of St. Margaret's, Lothbury."</p> + +<p>"Inquiry into the Duty of a Low Churchman. +London. 1711. 8vo." (By James Peirce, a Nonconformist +divine, largely quoted in <i>The Scourge</i>: where +he is spoken of as "A gentleman of figure, of the most +apostolical moderation, of the most Christian temper, +and is esteemed as the Evangelical Doctor of the Presbyterians +in this kingdom," &c.—P. 342.)</p></blockquote> + +<p>He also wrote:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Loyalty, Integrity, and Ingenuity of High +Churchmen and Dissenters, and their respective +Writers, Compared. London. 1719. 8vo."</p></blockquote> + +<p>See also the following periodical, which Lowndes +thus describes:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"<i>The Independent Whig.</i> From Jan. 20, 1719-20, +to Jan. 4, 1721. 53 Numbers. London. Written by +Gordon and Trenchard in order to oppose the High +Church Party; 1732-5, 12mo., 2 vols.; 1753, 12mo., +4 vols."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Will some correspondent kindly furnish me +with the date, author's name, &c., of the pamphlet +entitled <i>Merciful Judgments of High Church +Triumphant on Offending Clergymen and others in +the Reign of Charles I.</i>?<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + +<p>I omitted Wordsworth's lines in my first note:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16">"<i>High</i> and <i>Low</i>,</p> +<p class="i0">Watchwords of party, on all tongues are rife;</p> +<p class="i2">As if a Church, though sprung from heaven, must owe</p> +<p class="i0">To opposites and fierce extremes her life;—</p> +<p class="i2">Not to the golden mean and quiet flow</p> +<p class="i0">Of truths, that soften hatred, temper strife."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>Wordsworth, and most Anglican writers down +to Dr. Hook, are ever extolling the Golden Mean +and the moderation of the Church of England. A +fine old writer of the same Church (Dr. Joseph +Beaumont) seems to think that this love of the +Mean can be carried too far:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"And witty too in self-delusion, we</p> +<p class="i0">Against highstreined piety can plead,</p> +<p class="i0">Gravely pretending that extremity</p> +<p class="i0">Is Vice's clime; that by the Catholick creed</p> +<p class="i2">Of all the world it is acknowledged that</p> +<p class="i2">The temperate <i>mean</i> is always Virtue's seat.</p> +<p class="i0">Hence comes the race of mongrel goodness: hence</p> +<p class="i0">Faint tepidness usurpeth fervour's name;</p> +<p class="i0">Hence will the earth-born meteor needs commence,</p> +<p class="i0">In his gay glaring robes, sydereal flame;</p> +<p class="i2">Hence foolish man, if moderately evil,</p> +<p class="i2">Dreams he's a saint because he's not a devil."</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16"><i>Psyche</i>, cant. xxi. 4, 5.</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page98" name="page98">{98}</a></span> +Cf. Bishop Taylor's <i>Life of Christ</i>, part <span class="smcap">i.</span> +sect. v. 9.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Jarltzberg.</p> + +<p>Nov. 28, 1853.</p> + +<p>P.S.—Not having the fear of Sir Roger Twisden +or <span class="smcap">Mr. Thomas Collis</span> before my eyes, I advisedly +made what the latter gentleman is pleased +to term a "loose statement" (Vol. viii., p. 631.), +when I spoke of the Church of England separating +from Rome. As to the Romanists "conforming" +for the first twelve (or as some have it nineteen) +years of Elizabeth's reign, the less said about that +the better for both parties, and especially for the +dominant party.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Collis's</span> dogmatic assertions, that the Roman +Catholics "conformed" for the twelve years, +and that Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered to +confirm the Book of Common Prayer if Elizabeth +would acknowledge the papal supremacy, are evidently +borrowed, word for word, from Dr. Wordsworth's<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> +<i>Theophilus Anglicanus</i>, cap. vii. p. 219. A +careful examination of the evidence adduced in +support of the latter assertion, shows it to be of +the most flimsy description, and refers it to its +true basis, viz. <i>hearsay</i>: the reasoning and inferences +which prop the evidence are equally flimsy.</p> + +<p>Fuller, speaking of this report, says that it +originated with "some who love to feign what +they cannot find, that they may never appear to +be at a loss." (<i>Ch. Hist.</i>, b. <span class="smcap">ix.</span> 69.)</p> + +<p>As the question at issue is one of great historical +importance, I am prepared, if called on, to +give a summary of the case in all its bearings; +for the present I content myself with giving the +following references:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Sir Roger Twisden's Historical Vindication of the +Church of England in point of Schism, as it stands +separated from the Roman. Lond. 1675."—P. 175.</p> + +<p>"Bp. Andrewes' Tortura Torti. Lond. 1609."—P. 142.</p> + +<p>"Parallel Torti et Tortoris."—P. 241.</p> + +<p>"Abp. Bramhall ag. Bp. Chal."—Ch. ii. (vol. ii. +p. 85., Oxf. ed.)</p> + +<p>"Sir E. Cook's Speech and Charge at Norwich +Assizes. 1607."</p> + +<p>"Babington upon Numbers. Lond. 1615."—Ch. vii. +§ 2. p. 35.</p> + +<p>"Servi Fidelis subdito infideli Responsis, apud +Johannem Dayum. Lond. 1573." (In reply to +Saunders' <i>De Visibili Monarchia</i>.)</p> + +<p>"Camd. Annal. an. 1560. Lond. 1639."—Pt. <span class="smcap">i.</span> +pp. 47. 49.</p></blockquote> + +<p>(See also Heylin, 303.; Burnet, ii. 387.; Strype, +<i>Annal.</i> ch. xix.; Tierney's <i>Dodd</i>, ii. 147.)</p> + +<p>The letter which the pontiff <i>did</i> address to +Elizabeth is given in Fuller, ix. 68., and Dodd, +ii. app. xlvii. p. cccxxi.</p> + +<p>N.B.—In the P.S. to my last note, "N. & Q.," +Vol. <i>viii.</i>, p. 156., was a misprint for Vol. <span class="smcap">v.</span></p> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> +<p> The titles of these books remind one of "a merry +disport," which formerly took place in the hall of the +Inner Temple. "At the conclusion of the ceremony, +a huntsman came into the hall bearing a fox, a pursenet, +and a cat, both bound at the end of a staff, attended +by nine or ten couples of hounds with the blowing of +hunting-horns. Then were the fox and cat set upon +and killed by the dogs beneath the fire, to the no small +pleasure of the spectators." One of the masque-names +in this ceremony was "Sir Morgan Mumchance, of +Much Monkery, in the county of Mad Popery." +</p><p> +In <i>Ane Compendious Boke of Godly and Spiritual +Songs</i>, Edinburgh, 1621, printed from an old copy, are +the following lines, seemingly referring to some such +pageant: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"The Hunter is Christ that hunts in haist,</p> +<p class="i0">The Hunds are Peter and Pawle,</p> +<p class="i0">The Paip is the Fox, Rome is the Rox</p> +<p class="i0">That rubbis us on the gall."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +See Hone's <i>Year-Book</i>, p. 1513. +</p><p> +The symbolism of the brute creation is copiously +employed in Holy Scripture and in ancient writings, and +furnishes a magazine of arms in all disputes and party +controversies. Thus, the strange sculptures on <i>misereres</i>, +&c. are ascribed to contests between the secular +and regular clergy: and thus Dryden, in his polemical +poem of <i>The Hind and the Panther</i>, made these two +animals symbolise respectively the Church of Rome +and the Church of England, while the Independents, +Calvinists, Quakers, Anabaptists, and other sects are +characterised as wolves, bears, boars, foxes—all that is +odious and horrible in the brute creation. +</p><p> +"A Jesuit has collected <i>An Alphabetical Catalogue of +the Names of Beasts by which the Fathers characterised +the Heretics</i>. It may be found in <i>Erotemata de malis +ac bonis Libris</i>, p. 93., 4to., 1653, of Father Raynaud. +This list of brutes and insects, among which are a +variety of serpents, is accompanied by the names of the +heretics designated." (See the chapter in D'Israeli's +<i>Curios. Lit.</i> on "Literary Controversy," where many +other instances of this kind of complimentary epithets +are given, especially from the writings of Luther, +Calvin, and Beza.)</p></div> + +<div class="footnote note"> + <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> +<p>[We are enabled to give the remainder of the title +and the date:—"Together with the Lord Falkland's +Speech in Parliament, 1640, relating to that subject: +London, printed for Ben. Bragg, at the Black Raven +in Paternoster Row. 1710."—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>]</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> +<p> See the authorities given by Mr. Palmer, <i>Church +of Christ</i>, 3rd ed., Lond. 1842, pp. 347-349.; and +Mr. Percival <i>On the Roman Schism</i>: see also Tierney's +<i>Dodd</i>, vols. ii. and iii. +</p><p> +A full and impartial history of the "conformity" of +Roman Catholics and Puritans duping the penal laws +is much wanting, especially of the former during the +first twelve years of Elizabeth. With the Editor's permission +I shall probably send in a few notes on the +latter subject, with a list of the works for and against +outward conformity, which was published during that +period. (See Bp. Earle's character of "A Church +Papist," <i>Microcosmography</i>, Bliss's edition, p. 29.)</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> +<p> It is painful to see party spirit lead aside so +learned and estimable a man as Dr. Wordsworth, and +induce him to convert a ridiculous report into a grave +and indisputable matter of fact. The more we know, +the greater is our reverence for accuracy, truthfulness, +and candour; and the older we grow in years and +wisdom, the more we estimate that glorious motto—<i>Audi +alteram partem</i>. +</p><p> +What are our ordinary histories of the Reformation +from Burnet to Cobbett but so many caricatures? +Would that there were more Maitlands in the English +Church, and more Pascals and Pugins in the Roman! +</p><p> +Let me take this occasion to recommend to the +particular attention of all candid inquirers a little +brochure, by the noble-minded writer last named, entitled +<i>An Earnest Address on the Establishment of the +Hierarchy</i>, by A. Welby Pugin: Lond. Dolman, 1851. +And let me here inquire whether this lamented writer +completed his <i>New View of an Old Subject; or, the +English Schism impartially Considered</i>, which he advertised +as in preparation? +</p><p> +I should mention, perhaps, that Sir Roger Twisden's +book was reprinted in 1847: I have, however, met +with the original edition only.</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3>DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY.—SLAVERY IN +ENGLAND.</h3> + +<p>Having come across an old <i>Daily Post</i> of Thursday, +August 4, 1720, I send you the following +cuttings from it, which perhaps you may think +worth insertion:</p> + +<blockquote> +<p class="ralign">"Hague, August 9.</p> + +<p>"It was on the 5th that the first of our East-India +ships appear'd off of the Texel, four of the ships came +to an anchor that evening, nine others kept out at sea +till day-light, and came up with the flood the next +morning, and four more came in this afternoon; but +as they belong to the Chambers of Zealand, and other +towns, its thought they will stand away for the Maese. +This fleet is very rich, and including the single ship +which arriv'd about a fortnight since, and one still expected, +are valued at near seven millions of guilders +prime cost in the Indies, not reckoning the freight or +value at the sale, which may be suppos'd to make +treble that sum."</p> + +<p>"We have an account from Flanders, that two ships +more are come in to Ostend for the new East India<span class="pagenum"><a id="page99" name="page99">{99}</a></span> +Company there; it is said, these ships touch no where +after they quit the coast of Malabar till they come +upon the coast of Guinea, where they put in for fresh +water; and as for those which come from China, they +water on the bank of the Island of Ceylon, and again +on the east shore of Madagascar; but that none of +them touch either at the Cape de bon Esperance, or +at St. Helena, not caring to venture falling into the +hands of any of the Dutch or other nations trading to +the east. These ships they say are exceedingly rich, +and the captains confirm the account of the treaty +which one of their former captains made with the +Great Mogul, for the settling a factory on his dominions, +and that with very advantageous conditions; +what the particulars may be we yet know not."</p> + +<p>"Went away the 22d of July last, from the house +of William Webb in Limehouse Hole, a negro man, +about twenty years old, call'd Dick, yellow complection, +wool hair, about five foot six inches high, having +on his right breast the word <span class="smcap">Hare</span> burnt. Whoever +brings him to the said Mr. Webb's shall have half a +guinea reward, and reasonable charges."</p> + +<p class="author smcap">James Graves.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Kilkenny.</p></blockquote> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS +OF MALTA.</h3> + +<p class="center">(<i>Continued from</i> Vol. viii., p. 558.)</p> + +<p>I am now enabled to forward, according to my +promise, literal translations, so far as they could +be made, of three more letters, which were +written in the Latin language, and addressed by +Henry VIII. to the Grand Masters of Malta. The +first two were directed to Philip de Villiers L'Isle +Adam, and the last to his successor Pierino Dupont, +an Italian knight, who, from his very advanced +age, and consequent infirmity, was little +disposed to accept of the high dignity which his +brethren of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem +had unanimously conferred upon him. The life +of Dupont was spared "long enough," not only for +him to take an active part in the expedition which +Charles V. sent against Tunis at his suggestion, +to reinstate Muley Hassan on the throne of that +kingdom, but also to see his knights return to the +convent covered with glory, and galleys laden +with plunder.</p> + +<p class="center">No. IV. Fol. 6th.</p> + +<blockquote><p class="hang1st">Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and +France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of +Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ, +Dominus F. de Villiers L'Isle Adam, our most +dear friend—Greeting:</p> + +<p>For a long period of time, Master Peter Vanes, of +<i>Luca</i>, has been serving as private secretary; and +as we have always found his service loving and +faithful, we not only love him from our heart, +and hold him dear, but we are also extremely desirous +of his interest and advancement. As he +has declared to us that his most ardent wish is by +our influence and favour to be in some way invested +with honour in his own country, we have +most willingly promised to do for him in this matter +whatever lay in our power; and we trust that +from the good offices which your most worthy +Reverence has always received from us, this our +desire with regard to promoting the aforesaid +Master Peter will be furthered, and the more +readily on this account, because what we beg for +may be granted without injury to any one. Since, +then, a certain Dominus Livius, concerning whom +your Reverend Lordship will be more fully informed +by our same Secretary, is in possession of +a Priory in the Collegiate Church of SS. John +and Riparata in the city of <i>Luca</i>, we most earnestly +desire that the said Livius, through your Reverend +Lordship's intercession, may resign the said Priory +and Collegiate Church to our said Latin Secretary, +on this condition, however, that your Reverend +Lordship, as a special favour to us, will provide +the said Dominus Livius with a Commandery of +equal or of greater value. We therefore most +earnestly entreat that you will have a care of this +matter, so that we may obtain the object of our +wishes; and we shall be greatly indebted to your +Reverend Lordship, to whom, when occasion offers, +we will make a return for the twofold favour, in a +matter of like or of greater moment.</p> + +<p> +<span class="in4">May all happiness attend you.</span><br /> +<span class="in6">From our palace of Greenwich,</span><br /> +<span class="in8">13th day of January, 1526,</span><br /> +<span class="in10">Your good friend,</span><br /> +<span class="in12 smcap">Henry Rex.</span><br /> +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">No. V. Fol. 9th.</p> + +<blockquote><p class="hang1st">Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and +France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of +Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ, +Dominus F. de Villiers L'Isle Adam, our most +dear friend—Greeting:</p> + +<p>Although, by many proofs, we have often before +been convinced that our Reverend Lordship, +and your venerable Brethren, after the loss of +Rhodes, have had nothing more to heart than that +by your actions you might deserve most highly of +the Christian republic, and that you might sometimes +give proof of this by your deeds, that you +have zealously sought for some convenient spot +where you might at length fix your abode; nevertheless, +what we have lately learnt from the letters +of your Reverend Lordship, and from the +conversation and prudent discourse of your venerable +Brother De Dentirville has caused us the +greatest joy; and although, with regard to the +recovery of Rhodes, complete success has not answered +your intentions, nevertheless we think that +this your Order of Jerusalem has always wished +to seek after whatever it has judged might in any<span class="pagenum"><a id="page100" name="page100">{100}</a></span> +manner tend to the propagation of the Catholic +Faith and the tranquillity of the Christian Republic. +But that his Imperial Majesty has granted +to your Order the <i>island</i> of <i>Malta</i>, Gozo, and +Tripoli, we cannot but rejoice; places which, as we +hear, are most strongly fortified by nature, and +most excellently adapted for repelling the attacks +of the Infidels, should have now come into your +hands, where your Order can assemble in all +safety, recover its strength, and settle and confirm +its position.<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> And we wish to convince you +that fresh increase is daily made to the affection +with which we have always cherished this Order +of Jerusalem, inasmuch as we perceive that your +actions have been directed to a good and upright +end, both because these undertakings of your +Reverend Lordship, and of your venerable Brethren, +are approved by us as highly beneficial and +profitable; and because we trust that your favour +and protection will ever be ready to assist our +nation, if there be any need; nor shall we on our +part be ever wanting in any friendly office which +we can perform towards preserving and protecting +your Order, as your Reverend Lordship will +gather more at length of our well affected mind +towards you from Dominus Dentirville, the bearer +of these presents.</p> + +<p> +<span class="in4">May all happiness attend you.</span><br /> +<span class="in6">From our Palace at Hampton Court,</span><br /> +<span class="in8">The 22nd day of November, 1530.</span><br /> +<span class="in10">Your good friend,</span><br /> +<span class="in12 smcap">Henry Rex.</span><br /> +</p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">No. VI.</p> + +<blockquote><p class="hang1st">Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and +France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of +Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ, +Don Pierino de Ponte, Grand Master of Jerusalem.</p> + +<p class="salute">Our most dear friend—Greeting:</p> + +<p>We had conceived so great a hope and opinion +of the probity, integrity, and prudence of your +predecessor, that, from his care and vigilance, we +securely trusted that the business and affairs of +this your Order, which hitherto has always wont +to be of no slight assistance to our most Holy +Faith, and to the Christian name, would as far +as was needful have been amended and settled +most quietly and effectually with God and his +Holy Religion. From the love then and affection +which we have hitherto shown in no ordinary +manner to your Order, for the sake of the propagation +of the Christian Faith, we were not a +little grieved at the death of your predecessor, +because we very much feared that serious loss +would in consequence be entailed on that Religion. +But since, both from your letters and from the +discourse of others, we now hear that your venerable +Brethren agreed by their unanimous voice +and consent to choose your Reverence as the +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page101" name="page101">{101}</a></span>person to whom the care and government of so +weighty an office should be intrusted, considering +this dignity to be especially worthy of you and +your spirit of Religion, we cannot but sincerely +be glad; and rejoice especially if, by your eminent +virtues, it shall be effected that only such matters +shall be undertaken, and presided over by the +strength and counsels of the Order of Jerusalem, +as are most in accordance with the True Religion +of Christ our Redeemer, and best adapted to the +propagation of his doctrine and Faith. And if +you shall seriously apply your mind to this, as +you are especially bound to, we shall by no means +repent of the favours which we have bestowed +neither seldom nor secretly upon this your Order, +nay rather this object shall be attained that you +shall have no reason to think that you have been +foiled in that your confidence, and in our protection +and the guardianship which we extend over +your concerns through reverence for the Almighty +God. And we shall not find that this guardianship +and protection of your Order, assumed by us, +has been borne for so long a period by us without +any fruit.</p> + +<p>Those things which the Reverend Prior of our +Kingdom, and the person who brought your Reverend +Lordship's letter to us, have listened to +with attention and kindness, and returned an +answer to, as we doubt not will be intimated by +them to your Reverend Lordship.</p> + +<p> +<span class="in4">May all happiness attend you.</span><br /> +<span class="in6">From our Palace at Westminster,</span><br /> +<span class="in8">The 17th day of November, 1534.</span><br /> +<span class="in12 smcap">Henry Rex.</span><br /> +</p></blockquote> + +<p>From the date and superscription of the above +truly Catholic letter, it will be seen that it was +written about the period of the Reformation in +England, and addressed to the Grand Master of an +Order, which for four centuries had been at all +times engaged in Paynim war; and won for itself +among the Catholic powers of Europe, by its many +noble and daring achievements, the style and title +of being the "bulwark of the Christian faith." +Bound as the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem +were in all ages to pay a perfect obedience to the +Roman Pontiffs, it is not surprising that this should +be the last letter which we have found filed away +in the archives of their Order, bearing the autograph +of Henry VIII.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">William Winthrop.</p> + +<p class="aucity">La Valetta, Malta.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a> <b>Footnote 5</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> +<p> H. M. Henry VIII. was certainly labouring under +an error, when supposing that the islands of Malta and +Gozo "were strongly fortified by nature, and excellently +adapted for repelling the attacks of the infidels;" +as in truth nature had done nothing for their defence, +unless it be in furnishing an abundance of soft stone +with its yellow tinge, of which all their fortifications +are built. +</p><p> +When L'Isle Adam landed at Malta in October, +1530, it was with the rank of a monarch; and when, +in company with the authorities of the island, "he +appeared before its capital, and swore to protect its +inhabitants, the gates of the old city were opened, and +he was admitted with the knights; the Maltese declaring +to them their fealty, without prejudice to the +interests of Charles V., to whom they had heretofore +been subject." Never, since the establishment of the +Order, had the affairs of the Hospitallers appeared +more desperate than at this period. For the loss of +Rhodes, so famed in its history, so prized for its singular +fertility, and rich and varied fruits; an island +which, as De Lamartine so beautifully expressed it, +appeared to rise "like a bouquet of verdure out of the +bosom of the sea," with its groves of orange trees, its +sycamores and palms; what had L'Isle Adam received +in return, but an arid African rock, without palaces or +dwellings, without fortifications or inland streams, and +which, were it not for its harbours, would have been +as difficult to hold as it would have been unworthy of +his acceptance. (Vertot.) +</p><p> +A person who has never been at Malta can, by reading +its history, hardly picture to himself the change +which the island underwent for the better, under the +long and happy rule of the Order of St. John. Look +whither one will, at this day, he sees some of the most +perfect fortresses in the world,—fortifications which it +took millions of money to erect; and two hundred and +fifty years of continual toil and labour, before the work +on them was finished. As a ship of war now enters +the great harbour, she passes immediately under the +splendid castles of St. Elmo, Ricasoli, and St. Angelo. +Going to her anchorage, she "comes to" under some +one of the extensive fortifications of the Borgo, La +Sangle, Burmola, Cotonera, and La Valetta. In all +directions, and at all times, she is entirely commanded +by a line of walls, which are bristling with cannon +above her. Should the more humble merchantman be +entering the small port of Marsamuscetto, to perform +her quarantine, she also is sailing under St. Elmo and +Florianna on the one side, and forts Tigné and Manoel +on the other; from the cannon of which there is no +escape. But besides these numerous fortifications, the +whole coast of the island is protected by forts and batteries, +towers and redoubts. We name those of the +Red Tower, the Melleha, St. Paul, St. Julien, Marsa +Sirocco, and St. Thomas; only to show how thoroughly +the knights had guarded their convent, and how totally +different the protection of the Maltese was under their +rule, from what it was when they first landed; and +found them with their inconsiderable fort, with one +cannon and two falconets, which, as Boisgelin has mentioned, +was their only defence.</p> +</div> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ENAREANS.</h3> + +<p>When Psammeticus turned back the conquering +Scythians from their contemplated invasion of +Egypt, some stragglers of the rear-guard plundered +the temple of Venus Urania at Ascalon. +The goddess punished this sacrilege by inflicting +on the Scythian nation the "female disease." +Herodotus, from whom we learn this, says:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Scythians themselves confess that their countrymen +suffer this malady in consequence of the above +crime; their condition also may be seen by those who +visit Scythia, where they are called Enareæ."—Beloe's +Translation, vol. i. p. 112., ed. 8vo.</p></blockquote> + +<p>And again, vol. ii. p. 261., Hippocrates says:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"There are likewise among the Scythians, persons +who come into the world as eunuchs, and do all the +work of women; they are called Enaræans, or womanish," +&c.</p></blockquote> + +<p>It would occupy too much space to detail here all +the speculations to which this passage has given +rise; sufficient for us be the fact, that in Scythia +there were men who dressed as, and associated +with, the women; that they were considered as +victims of an offended female deity; and yet, +strange contradiction! they were revered as +prophets or diviners, and even acquired wealth by +their predictions, &c. (See <i>Universal History</i>, +xx. p. 15., ed. 8vo.)</p> + +<p>The curse still hangs over the descendants of +the Scythians. Reineggo found the "female disease" +among the Nogay Tatars, who call persons +so afflicted "Choss." In 1797-8, Count Potocki +saw one of them. The Turks apply the same +term to men wanting a beard. (See Klaproth's +<i>Georgia and Caucasus</i>, p. 160., ed. 4to.) From +the Turkish use of the word "choss," we may infer +that Enareans existed in the cradle of their race, +and that the meaning only had suffered a slight +modification on their descent from the Altai. De +Pauw, in his <i>Recherches sur les Américains</i>, without +quoting any authority, says there are men in Mogulistan, +who dress as women, but are obliged to +wear a man's turban.</p> + +<p>It must be interesting to the ethnologist to +find this curse extending into the New World, +and actually now existing amongst Dr. Latham's +American <i>Mongolidæ</i>. It would be doubly interesting +could we trace its course from ancient +Scythia to the Atlantic coast. In this attempt, +however, we have not been successful, a few +isolated facts only presenting themselves as probably +descending from the same source. The relations +of travellers in Eastern Asia offer nothing +of the sort among the Tungusi, Yakuti, &c. The +two Mahometans (<span class="smcap">a.d.</span> 833, thereabout), speaking +of Chinese depravity, assert that it is somehow +connected with the worship of their idols, &c. +(Harris' <i>Collection</i>, p. 443. ed. fol.) Sauer mentions +boys dressed as females, and performing all +the domestic duties in common with the women, +among the Kodiaks; and crossing to the American +coast, found the same practised by the inhabitants +of Oonalashka (ed. 4to., pp. 160. 176.). More +accurate observation might probably detect its +existence amongst intermediate tribes, but want<span class="pagenum"><a id="page102" name="page102">{102}</a></span> +of information obliges us here to jump at once +over the whole range of the Rocky Mountains, +and then we find Enareanism (if I may so term it) +extending from Canada to Florida inclusive, and +thence at intervals to the Straits of Magellan.</p> + +<p>Most of the earlier visitors to America have +noticed the numerous hermaphrodites everywhere +met with. De Pauw (who, I believe, never was +in America) devotes a whole chapter to the subject +in his <i>Recherches sur les Américains</i>, in which +he talks a great deal of nonsense. It assisted +his hypothesis, that everything American, in the +animal and vegetable kingdoms, was inferior to +their synonymes in the Old World.</p> + +<p>The calm and more philosophical observation of +subsequent travellers, however, soon discovered +that the so-called hermaphrodites were men in +female attire, associating with the women, and +partaking of all their labours and occupations. +Père Hennepin had already mentioned the circumstance +(Amstel. ed. in 12mo., p. 219.), but +he seems to have had no idea of the practice being +in any way connected with religion. Charlevoix +went a step farther, for speaking of those he met +with among the Illinois, he says:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"On a prétendu que cet usage venait de je ne sais +quel principe de la religion, mais cette religion avait, +comme bien d'autres, prit sa naissance dans la corruption +du cœur," &c.</p></blockquote> + +<p>Here he stopped, not caring to inform himself as +to the real origin of the usage. Lafitau says these +so-called hermaphrodites were numerous in Louisiana, +Florida, Yucatan, and amongst the Sioux, +Illinois, &c.; and goes on,—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Il y a de jeunes gens qui prennent l'habit de femme +qu'ils gardent toute leur vie, et qui se croyent honorez +de s'abaisser à toutes leurs occupations; ils ne +se marient jamais, ils assistent à tous les exercises où +la religion semble avoir part, et cette profession de vie +extraordinaire les fait passer pour des gens d'un ordre +supérieur et au-dessus du commun des hommes," &c.</p></blockquote> + +<p>Are not these, he asks, the same people as those +Asiatic worshippers of Cybele? or those who, according +to Julius Firmicus, consecrated themselves, +the one to the Phrygian goddess, the others +to Venus Urania?—priests who dressed as women, +&c. (See <i>Mœurs des Sauvages américains</i>, vol. i. +p. 52., ed. 4to., Paris, 1724.) He farther tells us +that Vasco Nuñez de Balbao met many of them, +and in the fury of his religious zeal had them torn +to pieces by dogs. Was this in Darien? I believe +neither Heckewelder, Adair, Colden, nor +J. Dunn Hunter, mention this subject, though +they must all have been aware of the existence of +Enareans in some one or more of the tribes with +which they were acquainted; and I do not remember +having ever met with mention of them +among the Indian nations of New England, and +Tanner testifies to their existence amongst the +Chepewa and Ottawa nations, by whom they are +called A-go-kwa. Catlin met with them among +the Sioux, and gives a sketch of a dance in honour +of the I-coo-coo, as they call them. Southey +speaks of them among the Guayacuru under the +name of "Cudinas," and so does Von Martius. +Captain Fitzroy, quoting the Jesuit Falkner, says +the Patagonian wizards (query priests) are dressed +in female attire: they are chosen for the office +when young, preference being given to boys +evincing a feminine disposition.</p> + +<p>Lafitau's conjecture as to the connexion between +these American Enareans and the worshippers of +Venus Urania, seems to receive some confirmation +from our next evidence, viz. in Major Long's +<i>Expedition to St. Peter's River</i>, some of these +people were met with, and inquiry being made +concerning them, it was ascertained that—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The Indians believe the moon is the residence of a +hostile female deity, and should she appear to them in +their dreams, it is an injunction to become Cinædi, +and they immediately assume feminine attire."—Vol. i. +p. 216.</p></blockquote> + +<p>Farther it is stated, that two of these people whom +they found among the Sauks, though generally +held in contempt, were pitied by many—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"As labouring under an unfortunate destiny that +they cannot avoid, being supposed to be impelled to +this course by a vision from the female spirit that +resides in the moon," &c.—Vol. i. p. 227.</p></blockquote> + +<p>Venus Urania is placed among the Scythian +deities by Herodotus, under the name "Artimpasa." +We are, for obvious reasons, at liberty to +conjecture that the adoption of her worship, and +the development of "the female disease," may +have been contemporaneous, or nearly so. It +were needless entering on a long story to show the +connexion between Venus and the moon, which +was styled Urania, Juno, Jana, Diana, Venus, &c. +Should it be conceded that the American <i>Mongolidæ</i> +brought with them this curse of Scythia, +the date of their emigration will be approximated, +since it must have taken place subsequently to +the affair of Ascalon, or between 400 or 500 +years <span class="smcap">b.c.</span></p> + +<p>The adoption of female attire by the priesthood, +however, was not confined to the worshippers of +Venus Urania; it was widely spread throughout +Heathendom; so widely that, as we learn from +Tacitus, the priests of the Naharvali (in modern +Denmark) officiated in the dress of women. Like +many other heathenish customs and costumes, +traces of this have descended to our own times; +such, for example, may have been the exchange +of dresses on New Year's Eve, &c.: see Drake's +<i>Shakspeare and his Times</i>, vol. i. p. 124., ed. 4to. +And what else is the effeminate costume of the +clergy in many parts of Europe, the girded +waist, and the petticoat-like cassock, but a relique<span class="pagenum"><a id="page103" name="page103">{103}</a></span> +of the ancient priestly predilection for female +attire?</p> + +<p class="author">A. C. M.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> + +<p><i>Russia and Turkey.</i>—The following paragraph +from an old newspaper reads with a strange significance +at the present time:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The last advices from Leghorn describe the genius +of discord still prevailing in the unfortunate city of +Constantinople, the people clamouring against their +rulers, and the janissaries ripe for insurrection, in consequence +of the backwardness of the Porte to commence +hostilities with Russia."—<i>English Chronicle, or Universal +Evening Post</i>, February 6th to 8th, 1783.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author smcap">J. Locke.</p> + +<p><i>Social Effects of the severe Weather, Jan. 3 +and 4, 1854.</i>—The daily and local newspapers +have detailed many public incidents of the severe +weather of the commencement of 1854: such as +snow ten yards deep; roads blocked up; mails +delayed; the streets of the metropolis, for a time, +impassible; omnibuses with four horses; Hansom +cabs driven tandem, &c. The effects of the storms +of snow, socially, were not the least curious. In +the neighbourhood of Manchester seventy persons +were expected at an evening party, one only +arrived. At another house one hundred guests +were expected, nine only arrived. Many other +readers of your valuable paper have, no doubt, +made similar notes, and will probably forward +them.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Robert Rawlinson.</p> + +<p><i>Star of Bethlehem.</i>—Lord Nugent, in his <i>Lands, +Classical and Sacred</i>, vol. ii. p. 18., says:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"The spot shown as the place of the Nativity, and +that of the manger, both of which are in a crypt or +subterraneous chapel under the church of St. Katherine, +are in the hands of the Roman Catholicks. The former +is marked by this simple inscription on a silver star +set in the pavement:</p> + +<p>'Hic de Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est.'"</p></blockquote> + +<p>The Emperor of the French, as representative +of the Latin Church, first raised the question of +the sacred places, now likely to involve the Pentarchy +of Europe in a <i>quasi</i> civil war, by attempting, +through the authority of the Sultan of Turkey, +to restore the above inscription, which had been +defaced, as is supposed, by the Greek Christians; +and thereby encountering the opposition of the +Emperor of the Russias, who claims to represent +the Eastern Church.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">T. J. Buckton.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Birmingham.</p> + +<p><i>Origin of the Word "Cant."</i>—From the <i>Mercurius +Publicus</i> of Feb. 28, 1661, Edinburgh:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Mr. Alexander Cant, son to Mr. Andrew Cant +(who in his discourse <i>De Excommunicato trucidando</i> +maintained that all refusers of the Covenant ought to +be excommunicated, and that all so excommunicated +might lawfully be killed), was lately deposed by the +Synod for divers seditious and impudent passages in +his sermons at several places, as at the pulpit of +Banchry; 'That whoever would own or make use of +a service-book, king, nobleman, or minister, the curse +of God should be upon him.'</p> + +<p>"In his Grace after Meat, he praid for those phanaticques +and seditious ministers (who are now secured) +in these words, 'The Lord pity and deliver the precious +prisoners who are now suffering for the truth, and close +up the mouths of the <i>Edomites</i>, who are now rejoicing;' +with several other articles too long to recite."</p></blockquote> + +<p>From these two Cants (Andrew and Alexander) +all seditious praying and preaching in Scotland is +called "Canting."</p> + +<p class="author">J. B.</p> + +<p><i>Epigram on Four Lawyers.</i>—It used to be +said that four lawyers were wont to go down from +Lincoln's Inn and the Temple in one hackney +coach for one shilling. The following epigram +records the economical practice:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Causidici curru felices quatuor uno</p> +<p class="i0">Quoque die repetunt limina nota 'fori.'</p> +<p class="i0">Quanta sodalitium præstabit commoda! cui non</p> +<p class="i0">Contigerint socii cogitur ire pedes."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>See <i>Poemata Anglorum Latina</i>, p. 446. Lemma, +"Defendit numerus."—<i>Juv.</i></p> + +<p class="author smcap">J. W. Farrer.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>CONTRIBUTORS TO "KNIGHT'S QUARTERLY +MAGAZINE."</h3> + +<p>I shall feel exceedingly obliged if you or any of +your correspondents will inform me who were the +writers in <i>Knight's Quarterly Magazine</i>, bearing +the following fictitious signatures:—1. Marmaduke +Villars; 2. Davenant Cecil; 3. Tristram +Merton; 4. Irvine Montagu; 5. Gerard Montgomery; +6. Henry Baldwin; 7. Joseph Haller; +8. Peter Ellis; 9. Paterson Aymer; 10. Eustace +Heron; 11. Edward Haselfoot; 12. William +Payne; 13. Archibald Frazer; 14. Hamilton +Murray; 15. Charles Pendragon; 16. Lewis +Willoughby; 17. John Tell; 18. Edmund Bruce; +19. Reginald Holyoake; 20. Richard Mills; 21. +Oliver Medley; 22. Peregrine Courtenay; 23. +Vyvyan Joyeuse; 24. Martin Lovell; 25. Martin +Danvers Heaviside.</p> + +<p>I fear I have given you so long a list as to deter +you from replying to my inquiry but if you cannot +spare time or space to answer me fully, I have +numbered the writers in such a way as that you +may be induced to give the numbers without the +names, except you think that many of your readers +would be glad to have the information given to +them which I ask of you.</p> + +<p><i>Tristram Merton</i> is T. B. Macaulay, who wrote +several sketches and five ballads in the <i>Magazine</i>;<span class="pagenum"><a id="page104" name="page104">{104}</a></span> +indeed, it was in it that his fine English ballads +first appeared.</p> + +<p><i>Peregrine Courtenay</i> was the late Winthrop +Mackworth Praed, who was, I believe, its editor.</p> + +<p>Henry Nelson Coleridge and John Moultire +were also contributors, but under what signatures +they wrote I cannot tell.</p> + +<p><i>Knight's Quarterly Magazine</i> never extended +beyond three volumes, and it is now a rather +scarce book. Any light you can throw upon this +subject will have an interest for most people, and +will be duly appreciated by</p> + +<p class="author">E. H.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Leeds.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>THE STATIONERS' COMPANY AND ALMANACK.</h3> + +<p>Having recently had occasion to consult the +Lansdown MSS., No. 905., a volume containing +documents formerly belonging to Mr. Umfreville, +I observed the following:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Ordinances, constitutions, rules, and articles made +by the Court of Star Chamber relating to Printers and +Printing, Jan. 23, anno 28 Eliz."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Appended to these ordinances, &c. is a statement +from which I have made the following extracts:</p> + +<blockquote><p class="in4">"Viii<sup>o</sup> Januarii, 1583.</p> + +<p>"Bookes yeilded into the hands and disposition of +the Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Mysterie +of the Stationers of London for the releife of y<sup>e</sup> poore +of y<sup>e</sup> saide companie according to the discretion of the +Master, Wardens, and Assistants, or the more parte of +them.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Barker, her Ma<sup>ties</sup> printer, hath yeilded unto +the saide disposition and purpose these bookes following: +viz.</p> + +<p>"The first and second volume of Homelies.</p> + +<p>"The whole statutes at large, w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> pamble as they +are now extant.</p> + +<p>"The Paraphrasis of Erasmus upon y<sup>e</sup> Epistles and +Gospells appoynted to be readd in Churches.</p> + +<p>"Articles of Religion agreed upon 1562 for y<sup>e</sup> +Ministers.</p> + +<p>"The Several Injunctions and Articles to be enquired +of through y<sup>e</sup> whole Realme.</p> + +<p>"The Profitt and Benefite of the two most vendible +volumes of the New Testament in English, commonlie +called Mr. Cheekes' translation: that is, in the volume +called <i>Octavo</i>, w<sup>th</sup> Annotacions as they be now: and +in the volume called <i>Decimo Sexto</i> of the same translation +w<sup>th</sup>out notes, in the Brevier English letter only.</p> + +<p>"Provided that Mr. Barker himselfe print the sayde +Testaments at the lowest value by the direction of the +Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers for +the tyme being. Provided alwaye that Mr. Barker +do reteyn some small number of these for diverse services +in her Ma<sup>ties</sup> Courtes or ... [MS. illegible] +and lastlye that nothing that he yeildeth unto by +meanes aforesaide be preiudiciall to her Ma<sup>ties</sup> highe +prerogative, or to any that shall succeed in the office +of her Ma<sup>ties</sup> printer."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The other printers named are, Mr. Totell, Mr. +Watkins, Mr. John Daye, Mr. Newberye, and +Henrie Denham.</p> + +<p>I wish to raise a Query upon the following:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Mr. Watkins, now Wardein, hath yeilded to the +disposcion and purpose aforesaide this that followeth: +viz.</p> + +<p>"The Broad Almanack; that is to say, the same to +be printed on one syde of a sheete, to be sett on walls +as usuallie it hath bene."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Query 1. Is this <i>Broad Almanack</i> the original +of the present <i>Stationers' Almanack</i>?</p> + +<p>2. When was this <i>Broad Almanack</i> first issued?</p> + +<p>3. When were sheet almanacks, printed on one +side of a sheet, first published?</p> + +<p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + +<p>P.S.—The books enumerated in this MS., under +the other printers' names, are some of them +very curious, and others almost unknown at the +present time.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> + +<p><i>John Bunyan.</i>—The following advertisement is +copied from the <i>Mercurius Reformatus</i> of June 11, +1690, vol. ii. No. 27.:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Mr. John Bunyan, Author of the <i>Pilgrim's Progress</i>, +and many other excellent Books, that have found +great Acceptance, hath left behind him Ten Manuscripts +prepared by himself for the Press before his +Death: His Widow is desired to print them (with +some other of his Works, which have been already +printed, but are at present not to be had), which will +make together a Book of 10<i>s.</i> in sheets, in Fol. All +persons who desire so great and good a Work should +be performed with speed, are desired to send in 5<i>s.</i> for +their first Payment to Dorman Newman, at the King's +Arms in the Poultrey, London: Who is empower'd to +give Receipts for the same."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Can any of your readers say whether such a +publication as that which is here proposed ever +took place: that is, a publication of "ten manuscripts," +of which none had been previously +printed?</p> + +<p class="author smcap">S. R. Maitland.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Gloucester.</p> + +<p><i>Tragedy by Mary Leapor.</i>—In the second +volume of <i>Poems</i> by Mary Leapor, 8vo., 1751, +there is an unfinished tragedy, begun by the +authoress a short time before her death. Can +you give me the name of this drama (if it has +any), and names of the <i>dramatis personæ</i>?</p> + +<p class="author">A. Z.</p> + +<p><i>Repairing old Prints.</i>—N. J. A. will feel +thankful to any one who will give him directions +for the cleaning and repairing of old prints, or +refer him to any book where he can obtain such +information. He wishes especially to learn how +to detach them from old and worn-out mountings.</p> + +<p class="author">N. J. A.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page105" name="page105">{105}</a></span> +<i>Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter.</i>—I am +informed that there is, in the diocese of Exeter, a +dignitary who is called the Arch-priest, and that +he has the privilege of wearing lawn sleeves (that +is of course, properly, of wearing a lawn alb), and +also precedence in all cases next after the Bishop.</p> + +<p>Can any of your Devonian readers give additional +particulars of his office or his duties? They +would be useful and interesting.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">W. Fraser.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Tor-Mohun.</p> + +<p><i>Medal in honour of the Chevalier de St. George.</i>—It +appears that Prince James (styled the Chevalier +de St. George) served in several campaigns +in the Low Countries under the Marquis de Torcy. +On one occasion, when the hostile armies were +encamped on the banks of the Scarpe, medals +were struck, and distributed among the English, +bearing, besides a bust of the prince, an inscription +relating to his bravery on a former occasion. Are +any of these now in existence? They would probably +be met with in those families whose ancestors +served under Marlborough.</p> + +<p class="author">A. S.</p> + +<p><i>Robert Bloet.</i>—Can you certify me whether it +is received as an undoubted historical fact that +"Robertus, comes Moritoniensis," William the +Conqueror's uterine brother, was identical with +<i>Robert Bloet</i>, afterwards Chancellor and Bishop +of Lincoln?</p> + +<p class="author smcap">J. Sansom.</p> + +<p><i>Sir J. Wallace and Mr. Browne.</i>—I inclose an +extract from <i>The English Chronicle or Universal +Evening Post</i>, February 6th to February 8th, 1783. +Can any of your learned correspondents state the +result of the <i>fracas</i> between Mr. Browne and Sir +J. Wallace?</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Yesterday about one o'clock, Sir <span class="nowrap">J——s</span> <span class="nowrap">W——e</span> +and Lieutenant <span class="nowrap">B——e</span>, accidentally meeting in Parliament +Street, near the Admiralty Gate, Mr. <span class="nowrap">B——e</span>, +the moment he saw Sir <span class="nowrap">J——s</span>, took a stick which a +gentleman he was in company with held in his hand, +and, after a few words passing, struck Sir <span class="nowrap">J——s</span>, and +gave him a dreadful wound in the forehead; they closed, +and Sir <span class="nowrap">J——s</span>, who had no weapon, made the best defence +possible, but being a weaker man than his antagonist, was +overpowered. Mr. <span class="nowrap">B——e</span>, at parting, told +Sir <span class="nowrap">J——s</span>, if he had anything to say to him, he would +be found at the Salopian Coffee House. An account of +this transaction being communicated to Sir Sampson +Wright, he sent Mr. Bond after Mr. <span class="nowrap">B——e</span>, who found +him at the Admiralty, and delivered the magistrate's +compliments, at the same time requesting to see him +in Bow Street. Mr. <span class="nowrap">B——e</span> promised to wait upon Sir +Sampson, but afterwards finding that no warrant had +issued, did not think it incumbent on him to comply, +and so went about his avocations.</p> + +<p>"Sir J——s's situation after the fracas very much +excited the compassion of the populace; they beheld +that veteran bleeding on the streets, who had so often +gloriously fought the battles of his country! The +above account is as accurate as we could learn; but +should there be any trivial misstatement, we shall be +happy in correcting it, through the means of any of our +readers who were present on the spot.</p> + +<p>"Sir James Wallace has not only given signal proofs +of his bravery as a naval officer, but particularly in a +duel with another marine officer, Mr. Perkins, whom +he fought at Cape François; each taking hold of the +end of a handkerchief, fired, and although the balls +went through both their bodies, neither of the wounds +proved mortal! The friars at Cape François, with +great humanity, took charge of them till they were +cured of their wounds."</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author smcap">J. Locke.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Dublin.</p> + +<p><i>Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.</i>—I should be +glad if any of your correspondents would refer +me to any authentic account of the death of Robert +Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Queen Elizabeth's +favourite. He is said by some to have been <i>accidentally</i> +poisoned by his wife; by others <i>purposely</i>, +by some of his adherents. This affair, +though clouded in mystery, appears not to have +been particularly inquired into. Likewise let me +ask, on what authority is Stanfield Hall, Norfolk +(the scene of a recent tragedy), described as the +birthplace of Amy Robsart, the unfortunate first +wife of this same nobleman?</p> + +<p class="author">A. S.</p> + +<p><i>Abbott Families.</i>—Samuel Abbott, of Sudbury, +in the county of Suffolk, gentleman, lived about +1670. Can any of your genealogical contributors +inform me if he was in any way connected with the +family of Archbishop Abbott, or otherwise elucidate +his parentage? It may probably be interesting +to persons of the same name to be acquainted that +the <i>pears</i> worn by many of the Abbot family are +merely a corruption of the ancient inkhorns of +the Abbots of Northamptonshire, and impaled in +Netherheyford churchyard, same county, on the +tomb of Sir Walt. Mauntele, knight, and his wife +Elizabeth, daughter of John Abbot, Esq., 1487, +viz. a chev. between three inkhorns. The resemblance +between pears and inkhorns doubtless +occasioned the error. I believe the ancient bottles +of Harebottle were similarly corrupted into icicles.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">J. T. Abbott.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Darlington.</p> + +<p><i>Authorship of a Ballad.</i>—In the <i>Manchester +Guardian</i> of Jan. 7, the author of a stanza, written +on the execution of Thos. Syddale, is desired; +as also the remainder of the ballad. From what +quarter is either of these more likely to be obtained +than from "N. & Q.?"</p> + +<p class="author smcap">P. J. F. Gantillon.</p> + +<p><i>Elias Petley.</i>—What is known of the life or +works of Elias Petley, priest, who dedicated to +Archbishop Laud his translation of the English +Liturgy into Greek. The book was published at +the press of Thomas Cotes, for Richard Whitaker,<span class="pagenum"><a id="page106" name="page106">{106}</a></span> +at the King's Arms, St. Paul's churchyard, in +1638. Is it remarkable for rarity or merit?</p> + +<p class="author">J. O. B.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Wicken.</p> + +<p><i>Canaletto's Views round London.</i>—Antonio +Canaletto, the painter of Venice, the destruction +of one of whose most powerful works has been of +late the subject of so much agitation, was here +amongst us in this city one hundred years since; +as seen by his proposal in one of the journals of +1752:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Signior Canaletto gives notice that he has painted +Chelsea College, Ranelagh House, and the River +Thames; which, if any gentleman, or others, are pleased +to favour him with seeing the same, he will attend at +his lodgings at Mr. Viggans, in Silver Street, Golden +Square, from fifteen days from this day, July 31, from +8 to 1, and from 3 to 6 at night, each day."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Here is that able artist's offer in his own terms, if, +not his own words.</p> + +<p>I have to inquire, are these pictures left here to +the knowledge of your readers? did he, in short, +find buyers as well as admirers? or, if not, did he +return to Venice with those (no doubt) vividly +pictured recollections of our localities under his +arm?</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Gondola.</p> + +<p><i>A Monster found at Maidstone.</i>—In Kilburne's +<i>Survey of Kent</i>, 4to. 1659, under "Maidstone," is +the following passage:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Wat Tiler, that idol of clownes, and famous rebell +in the time of King Richard the Second, was of this +town; and in the year 1206 about this town was a +monster found stricken with lightning, with a head +like an asse, a belly like a man, and all other parts far +different from any known creature, but not approachable +nigh unto, by reason of the stench thereof."</p></blockquote> + +<p>No mention of this is made by Lambarde in his +<i>Perambulation of Kent</i>. Has this been traditional, +or whence is Kilburne's authority? And what +explanation can be offered of the account?</p> + +<p class="author">H. W. D.</p> + +<p><i>Page.</i>—What is the derivation of this word? +In the <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities</i>, +edited by Dr. W. Smith, 1st edit., p. 679., it is +said to be from the Greek <span lang="el" title="paidagôgos">παιδαγωγὸς</span>, <i>pædagogus</i>. +But in an edition of Tacitus, with notes by Boxhorn +(Amsterdam, 1662), it is curiously identified +with the word <i>boy</i>, and traced to an eastern +source thus:—Persian, <i>bagoa</i>; Polish, <i>pokoigo</i>; +Old German, <i>Pagie</i>, <i>Bagh</i>, <i>Bai</i>; then the Welsh, +<i>bachgen</i>; French, <i>page</i>; English, <i>boy</i>; and Greek, +<span lang="el" title="pais">παῖς</span>.</p> + +<p>Some of your correspondents may be able to +inform me which is correct.</p> + +<p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>Minor Queries with Answers.</h3> + +<p><i>The Fish "Ruffins."</i>—In Spenser's <i>Faerie +Queene</i> we read (book iv. canto 11.), among the +river guests that attended the nuptials of Thames +and Medway came "Yar, soft washing Norwitch +walls;" and farther on, that he brought with him +a present of fish for the banquet called <i>ruffins</i>, +"whose like none else could show." Was this +description of fish peculiar to the Yare? and is +there any record of its having been esteemed a +delicacy in Elizabeth's reign?</p> + +<p class="author">A. S.</p> + +<div class="note"> +<p>[This seems to be the fish noticed by Izaak Walton, +called the <i>Ruffe</i>, or <i>Pope</i>, "a fish," says he, "that is +not known in some rivers. He is much like the perch +for his shape, and taken to be better than the perch, +but will grow to be bigger than a gudgeon. He is an +excellent fish, no fish that swims is of <i>a pleasanter taste</i>, +and he is also excellent to enter a young angler, for +he is a greedy biter." In the <i>Faerie Queene</i>, book <span class="smcap">i.</span> +canto iv., Spenser speaks of</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"His <i>ruffin</i> raiment all was stain'd with blood</p> +<p class="i0">Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>To these lines Mr. Todd has added a note, which gives +a clue to the meaning of the word. He says, "Mr. +Church here observes, that <i>ruffin</i> is reddish, from the +Latin <i>rufus</i>.<span class="correction" title="missing quote added">"</span> I suspect, however, that the poet did +not intend to specify the <i>colour</i> of the dress, but rather +to give a very characteristical expression even to the +raiment of Wrath. Ruffin, so spelt, denoted a swashbuckler, +or, as we should say, a <i>bully</i>: see Minsheu's +<i>Guide into Tongues</i>. Besides, I find in <i>My Ladies' +Looking-Glasse</i>, by Barnabe Rich, 4to. 1616, p. 21., a +passage which may serve to strengthen my application +of <i>ruffin</i>, in this sense, to garment: "The yong +woman, that as well in her behaviour, as in the manner +of her apparell, is most <i>ruffian</i> like, is accounted the +most gallant wench." Now, it appears, that the <i>ruff</i>, +or <i>pope</i>, is not only, as Walton says, "a greedy biter," +but is extremely voracious in its disposition, and will +devour a minnow nearly as big as itself. Its average +length is from six to seven inches.]</p></div> + +<p><i>Origin of the Word Etiquette.</i>—What is the +original meaning of the word <i>etiquette</i>? and how +did it acquire that secondary meaning which it +bears in English?</p> + +<p class="author">S. C. G.</p> + +<p class="note">[Etiquette, from the Fr. <i>étiquette</i>, Sp. <i>etiqueta</i>, a +ticket; delivered not only, as Cotgrave says, for the +benefit and advantage of him that receives it, but also +entitling to place, to rank; and thus applied to the +ceremonious observance of rank or place; to ceremony. +Webster adds, "From the original sense of the word, +it may be inferred that it was formerly the custom to +deliver cards containing orders for regulating ceremonies +on public occasions."]</p> + +<p><i>Henri Quatre.</i>—What was the title of Henry IV. +(of Navarre) to the crown of France? or in what +way was he related to his predecessor? If any<span class="pagenum"><a id="page107" name="page107">{107}</a></span> +one would be kind enough to answer these he +would greatly oblige.</p> + +<p class="author">W. W. H.</p> + +<p class="note">[Our correspondent will find his Query briefly and +satisfactorily answered by Hénault, in his <i>Abrégé +de l'Histoire de France</i>, p. 476. His words are: +"Henri IV. roi de Navarre, né à Pau, le 13 Décembre, +1553, et ayant droit à la couronne, comme descendant +de Robert, Comte de Clermont, qui étoit fils +de St. Louis, et qui avoit épousé l'héritière de Bourbon, +y parvient en 1589." The lineal descent of Henri +from this Count Robert may be seen in <i>L'Art de +vérifier les Dates</i>, vol. vi. p. 209., in a table entitled +"Généalogie des Valois et des Bourbon; St. Louis IX., +Roi de France."]</p> + +<p><i>"He that complies against his will," &c.; and +"To kick the bucket."</i>—Oblige T. C. by giving +the correct reading of the familiar couplet, which +he apprehends is loosely quoted when expressed—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Convince a man against his will," &c.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>or,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Persuade a man against his will," &c.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>Also by stating the name of the author.</p> + +<p>Likewise by giving the origin of the phrase +"To kick the bucket," as applied to the death of +a person.</p> + +<div class="note"> +<p>[The desired quotation is from Butler's <i>Hudibras</i>, +part <span class="smcap">iii.</span> canto iii. l. 547-8.:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"He that complies against his will,</p> +<p class="i0">Is of his own opinion still."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>As to the origin of the phrase "To kick the bucket," +the tradition among the slang fraternity is, that "One +Bolsover having hung himself to a beam while standing +on the bottom of a pail, or bucket, kicked the vessel +away in order to pry into futurity, and it was all <span class="smcap">up</span> +with him from that moment—<i>Finis</i>!" Our Querist +will find a very humorous illustration of its use (too +long to quote) in an article on "Anglo-German Dictionaries," +contributed by De Quincy to the <i>London +Magazine</i> for April, 1823, p. 442.]</p></div> + +<p><i>St. Nicholas Cole Abbey.</i>—There is a church +in the city of London called St. Nicholas Cole +Abbey: what is the origin of the name or derivation?</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Ellfin ap Gwyddno.</p> + +<p class="note">[This Query seems to have baffled old Stowe. +He says, "Towards the west end of Knight Rider +Street is the parish church of St. Nicolas Cold Abby, +a comely church, somewhat ancient, as appeareth by +the ways raised thereabout; so that men are forced to +descend into the body of the church. It hath been +called of many <i>Golden Abby</i>, of some <i>Gold</i> (or <i>Cold</i>) +<i>Bey</i>, and so hath the most ancient writing. But I +could never learn the cause why it should be so called, +and therefore I will let it pass. Perhaps as standing +in a <i>cold</i> place, as <i>Cold Harbour</i>, and such like." For +communications on the much-disputed etymology of +<span class="smcap">Cold Harbour</span>, see "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 60.; Vol. ii., +pp. 159. 340.; and Vol. vi., p. 455.]</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>TRENCH ON PROVERBS.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519. 641.)</p> + +<p>The courteous spirit which generally distinguishes +the communications of your correspondents, +renders the "N. & Q." the most agreeable +magazine, or, as you have it, "medium of inter-communication +for literary men," &c. I was so +much pleased with the general <i>animus</i> which +characterised the strictures on my proposed +translation of Ps. cxxvii. 2., that I was almost +disposed to cede to my critics, from sheer good-will +towards them. But the elder D'Israeli speaks +of such a thing "as an affair of literary conscience," +which consideration prescribes my yielding in the +present instance; but I trust that our motto will +always be, "May our difference of opinion never +alter our inter-communications!"</p> + +<p>I must however, at the outset, qualify an expression +I made use of, which seems to have incurred +the censure of all your four correspondents +on the subject; I mean the sentence, "The translation +of the authorised version of that sacred +affirmation is unintelligible." It seems to be perfectly +intelligible to <span class="smcap">Messrs. Buckton, Jebb, +Walter</span>, and <span class="smcap">S. D.</span> I qualify, therefore, the +assertion. I mean to say, that the translation of +the authorised version of that sacred affirmation +was, and is, considered unintelligible to many intelligent +biblical critics and expositors; amongst +whom I may name Luther, Mendelsohn, Hengstenberg, +Zunz, and many others whose names +will transpire in the sequel.</p> + +<p>Having made that concession, I may now proceed +with the replying to my Querists, or rather +Critics. <span class="smcap">Mr. Buckton</span> is entitled to my first consideration, +not only because you placed him at the +head of the department of that question, but also +because of the peculiar mode in which he treated +the subject. My replies shall be <i>seriatim</i>.</p> + +<p>1. Luther was not the first who translated +<span lang="he" title="ken iten liydido sheinah"> +כן יתן לידידו שנא</span> "Denn seinen Freunden gibt +er <i>es</i> schlafend." A far greater Hebraist than +Luther, who flourished about two hundred years +before the great German Reformer came into +note, put the same construction on that sacred +affirmation. Rabbi Abraham Hacohen of Zante, +who paraphrased the whole Hebrew Psalter into +modern metrical Hebrew verse (which, according +to a P.S., was completed in 1326), interprets the +sentence in question thus:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza" style="margin-right: 35%"> +<p class="i0 ralign"><span lang="he" title="ki ken yiten el teref"> +כי כן יתן אל טרף</span></p> +<p class="i0 ralign"><span lang="he" title="l'yidido ushnato meenehu lo taref"> +לידידו ושנתו מנהו לא תרף׃</span></p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"For surely God shall give food</p> +<p class="i0">To His beloved, and his sleep shall not be withheld from him."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>2. It is more than problematical whether the +eminent translator, Mendelsohn, was influenced by<span class="pagenum"><a id="page108" name="page108">{108}</a></span> +Luther's <i>error</i> (?), or by his own superior knowledge +of the sacred tongue.</p> + +<p>3. I do not think that the phrase, "the proper +Jewish notion of gain," was either called for or +relevant to the subject.</p> + +<p>4. The reign of James I. was by no means as +distinguished for Hebrew scholarship as were the +immediate previous reigns. Indeed it would appear +that the knowledge of the sacred languages +was at a very low ebb in this country during the +agitating period of the Reformation, so much so +that even the unaccountable Henry VIII. was +forced to exclaim, "Vehementer dolere nostratium +Theologorum sortem sanctissime linguæ +scientia carentium, et linguarum doctrinam fuisse +intermissam." (<i>Hody</i>, p. 466.)</p> + +<p>When Coverdale made his version of the Bible +he was not only aided by Tindale, but also by +the celebrated Hebrew, of the Hebrews, Emanuel +Tremellius, who was then professor of the sacred +tongue in the University of Cambridge, where +that English Reformer was educated; and Coverdale +translated the latter part of Ps. cxxvii. 2. as +follows: "For look, to whom it pleaseth Him, He +giveth it in sleep."</p> + +<p>When the translation was revised, during the +reign of James I., the most accomplished Anglo-Hebraist +was, by some caprice of jealousy, forced +to leave this country; I mean Hugh Broughton. +He communicated many renderings to the revisers, +some of which they thoughtlessly rejected, +and others, to use Broughton's own phrase, "they +thrust into the margin." A perusal of Broughton's +works<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> gives one an accurate notion of the +proceedings of the revisers of the previous versions.</p> + +<p>5. Coverdale's translation is not "ungrammatical" +as far as the Hebrew language is concerned, +notwithstanding that it was rejected in the reign +of James I. <span lang="he" title="lechem"> +לחם</span>, "bread," is evidently the accusative +noun to the transitive verb <span lang="he" title="yiten"> +יתן</span>, "He shall +give." Nor is it "false," for the same noun, <span lang="he" title="lechem"> +לחם</span>, +"bread," is no doubt the antecedent to which the +word <i>it</i> refers.</p> + +<p>6. Mendelsohn does <i>not</i> omit the <i>it</i> in his Hebrew +comment; and I am therefore unwarrantably +charged with supplying it "unauthorisedly." I +should like to see <span class="smcap">Mr. Buckton</span>'s translation of +that comment. If any doubt remained upon <span class="smcap">Mr. +B.</span>'s mind as to the intended meaning of the word +<span lang="he" title="yitenhu"> +יתנהו</span> used by Mendelsohn, his German version +might have removed such a doubt, as the little word +<i>es</i>, "it," indicates pretty clearly what Mendelsohn +meant by <span lang="he" title="yitenhu"> +יתנהו</span>. So that, instead of proving Mendelsohn +"at variance with himself," he is proved +most satisfactorily to have been in perfect harmony +with himself.</p> + +<p>7. Mendelsohn does not omit the important word +<span lang="he" title="ken"> +כן</span>; and if <span class="smcap">Mr. B.</span> will refer once more to his copy of +Mendelsohn (we are both using the same edition), +he will find two different interpretations proposed +for the word <span lang="he" title="ken"> +כן</span>, viz. <i>thus</i> and <i>rightly</i>. I myself +prefer the latter rendering. The word occurs +about twenty times in the Hebrew Bible, and in +the great majority of instances <i>rightly</i> or <i>certainly</i> +is the only correct rendering. Both Mendelsohn +and Zunz omit to translate it in their German +versions, simply because the sentence is more +idiomatic, in the German language, without it +than with it.</p> + +<p>8. I perfectly agree with <span class="smcap">Mr. B.</span> "that no +version has yet had so large an amount of learning +bestowed on it as the English one." But +<span class="smcap">Mr. B.</span> will candidly acknowledge that the largest +amount was bestowed on it since the revision of +the authorised version closed. Lowth, Newcombe, +Horne, Horsley, Lee, &c. wrote since, and they +boldly called in question many of the renderings +in the authorised version.</p> + +<p>Let me not be mistaken; I do most sincerely +consider our version superior to <i>all</i> others, but it +is not for this reason faultless.</p> + +<p>In reply to <span class="smcap">Mr. Jebb</span>'s temperate strictures, I +would most respectively submit—</p> + +<p>1. That considerable examination leads me to +take just the reverse view to that of Burkius, +that <span lang="he" title="sheinah"> +שנא</span> cannot be looked upon as antithetical +to <i>surgere</i>, <i>sedere</i>, <i>dolorum</i>. With all my searchings +I failed to discover an analogous antithesis. +I shall be truly thankful to <span class="smcap">Mr. Jebb</span> for a case +in point. Moreover, Psalms iii. and iv., to which +Dr. French and Mr. Skinner refer, prove to my +mind that not sleep is the gift, but sustenance and +other blessings bestowed upon the Psalmist whilst +asleep. I cannot help observing that due reflection +makes me look upon the expression, "So He +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page109" name="page109">{109}</a></span>giveth His beloved sleep," as an extraordinary +anticlimax.</p> + +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Mr. Jebb</span> challenges the showing strictly +analogous instances of ellipses. He acknowledges +that there are very numerous ellipses even in the +Songs of Degrees themselves, but they are of a +very different nature. I might fill the whole of +this <i>Number</i> with examples, which the most scrupulous +critic would be obliged to acknowledge as +being strictly analogous to the passage under review; +but such a thing you would not allow. Two +instances, however, you will not object to; they +will prove a host for <span class="smcap">Mr. Jebb</span>'s purpose, inasmuch +as one has the very word <span lang="he" title="shena"> +שנה</span> elliptically, +and the other the transitive verb <span lang="he" title="yitein"> +יתן</span>, <i>minus</i> an +accusative noun. Would <span class="smcap">Messrs. Buckton, Jebb, +Walter</span>, and S. D. kindly translate, for the benefit +of those who are interested in the question, the +following two passages?</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza" style="margin-right: 10%"> +<p class="i0 ralign"><span lang="he" title="z'ram'tam, sheinah yih'yu; baboker, kechatzir yachalof"> +זרמתם שנה יהיו בבקר כחציר יחלף׃</span></p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0 ralign"><i>Psalm xc. 5.</i></p> +</div><div class="stanza" style="margin-right: 10%"> +<p class="i0 ralign"><span lang="he" title="yiten lifanav goyim um'lachim yard"> +יתן לפנין גוים ומלכים ירד</span></p> +<p class="i0 ralign"><span lang="he" title="yiten ke-afar charbo, kikash needaf kashto"> +יתן כעפר הרבו כקש נזף קשתו׃ </span></p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0 ralign"><i>Isaiah xli. 2.</i></p> +</div></div> + +<p>The <span class="smcap">Rev. Henry Walter</span> will see that some of +his observations have been <span class="correction" title="'anticipitated' in the original">anticipated</span> and already +replied to. It remains, however, for me to +assure him that I never dreamt that any one would +suppose that I considered <span lang="he" title="sheinah"> +שנא</span> anything else but +a noun, minus the <span lang="he" title="bet">ב</span> preposition. The reason why +I translated the word "whilst he [the beloved] +is asleep," was because I thought the expression +more idiomatic.</p> + +<p>S. D. attempts to prove nothing; I am exempt +therefore from disproving anything as far as he is +concerned.</p> + +<p>Before I take leave of this lengthy and somewhat +elaborate disquisition, let me give my explanation +of the scope of the Psalm in dispute, +which, I venture to imagine, will commend itself, +even to those who differ from me, as the most +natural.</p> + +<p>This Psalm, as well as the other thirteen entitled +"A Song of Degrees," was composed for +the singing on the road by those Israelites who +went up to Jerusalem to keep the three grand +festivals, to beguile their tedious journey, and +also to soothe the dejected spirits of those who +felt disheartened at having left their homes, their +farms, and families without guardians. Ps. cxxvii. +is of a soothing character, composed probably by +Solomon.</p> + +<p>In the first two verses God's watchfulness and +care over His beloved are held up to the view of +the pilgrims, who are impressed with the truth +that no one, "by taking thought, can add one +cubit to his stature." The best exposition which +I can give of those two verses I have learned from +our Saviour's "Sermon on the Mount" (Matt. vi. +25-33.). The third and following verses, as well +as the next Psalm, are exegetical or illustrative. +To whom do you attribute the gift of children? +Is it not admitted on all hands to be "an heritage +of the Lord?" No one can procure that blessing +by personal anxiety and care: God alone can confer +the gift. Well, then, the same God who gives +you the heritage of children will also grant you all +other blessings which are good for you, provided +you act the part of "His beloved," and depend +upon Him without wavering.</p> + +<p>The above is a hasty, but I trust an intelligible, +view of the scope of the Psalm.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Moses Margoliouth</p> + +<p class="aucity">Wybunbury, Nantwich.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a> <b>Footnote 6</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> +<p> Lightfoot, who edited Broughton's works in 1662, +entitled them as follows:—"The Works of the great +Albionen Divine, renowned in many Nations for rare +Skill in Salem's and Athens' Tongues, and familiar +acquaintance with all Rabbinical Learning," &c. +</p><p> +Ben Jonson has managed to introduce Broughton +into some of his plays. In his <i>Volpone</i>, when the +"Fox" delivers a medical lecture, to the great amusement +of Politic and Peregrine, the former remarks, +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i6">"Is not his language rare?"</p> +</div></div> +<p> +To which the latter replies, +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16">"But Alchemy,</p> +<p class="i0">I never heard the like, or Broughton's books."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +In the <i>Alchemist</i>, "Face" is made thus to speak of a +female companion: +</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Y' are very right, Sir, she is a most rare scholar,</p> +<p class="i0">And is gone mad with studying Broughton's works;</p> +<p class="i0">If you but name a word touching the Hebrew,</p> +<p class="i0">She falls into her fit, and will discourse</p> +<p class="i0">So learnedly of genealogies,</p> +<p class="i0">As you would run mad too to hear her, Sir."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +(See also <i>The History of the Jews in Great Britain</i>, +vol. i. pp. 305, &c.)</p></div> + +<hr /> + +<h3>INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 448.)</p> + +<p>The inscription on one of the bells of Great +Milton Church, Oxon. (as given by <span class="smcap">Mr. Simpson</span> +in "N. & Q."), has a better and rhyming form +occasionally.</p> + +<p>In Meivod Church, Montgomeryshire, a bell +(the "great" bell, I think) has the inscription—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"I to the church the living call,</p> +<p class="i0">And to the grave do summon all."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>The same also is found on the great bell of the +interesting church (formerly cathedral) of Llanbadarn +Fawr, Cardiganshire.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">E. Dyer Green.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Nantcribba Hall.</p> + +<p>I beg to forward the following inscription on +one of the bells in the tower of St. Nicholas +Church, Sidmouth. I have not met with it elsewhere; +and you may, perhaps, consider it worthy +of being added to those given by <span class="smcap">Cuthbert Bede</span> +and <span class="smcap">J. L. Sisson</span>:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div class="drop"> +<img src="images/cross.png" alt="*" width="20" height="20" class="cap" /> +<p class="i4">"Est michi collatum</p></div> +<p class="i4">Ihc istud nomen amatum."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>There is no date, but the characters may indicate +the commencement of the fifteenth century as the +period when the bell was cast.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">G. J. R. Gordon.</p> + +<p>At Lapley in Staffordshire:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"I will sound and resound to thee, O Lord,</p> +<p class="i1">To call thy people to thy word."</p> +</div></div> + +<p class="author">G. E. T. S. R. N.</p> + +<p>Pray add the following savoury inscriptions to +your next list of bell-mottoes. The first disgraces +the belfry of St. Paul's, Bedford; the second, that, +of St. Mary's, Islington:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"At proper times my voice I'll raise,</p> +<p class="i0">And sound to my <i>subscribers'</i> praise!"</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"At proper times our voices we will raise,</p> +<p class="i0">In sounding to our <i>benefactors'</i> praise!"</p> +</div></div> + +<p>The similarity between these two inscriptions +favours the supposition that the ancient bell-<span class="pagenum"><a id="page110" name="page110">{110}</a></span>founders, +like some modern enterprising firms, +kept a poet on the establishment, <i>e.g.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Thine incomparable oil, Macassar!"</p> +</div></div> + +<p class="author smcap">J. Yeowell.</p> + +<p>A friend informs me, that on a bell in Durham +Cathedral these lines occur:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"To call the folk to Church in time,</p> +<p class="i16">I chime.</p> +<p class="i0">When mirth and pleasure's on the wing,</p> +<p class="i16">I ring.</p> +<p class="i0">And when the body leaves the soul,</p> +<p class="i16">I toll."</p> +</div></div> + +<p class="author">J. L. S.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>ARMS OF GENEVA.</h3> + +<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 563.)</p> + +<p>Your correspondent who desires the blazon of +the arms of the "town of Geneva," had better +have specified to which of the two bearings assigned +to that name he refers.</p> + +<p>One of these, which I saw on the official seal +affixed to the passport of a friend of mine lately +returned from that place, is an instance of the +obsolete practice of <i>dimidiation</i>; and is the more +singular, because only the dexter one of the shields +thus impaled undergoes curtailment.</p> + +<p>The correct blazon, I believe, would be: Or, +an eagle double-headed, displayed sable, dimidiated, +and impaling gu. a key in pale argent, the +wards in chief, and turned to the sinister; the +shield surmounted with a marquis' coronet.</p> + +<p>The blazon of the sinister half I owe to Edmondson, +who seems, however, not at all to have +understood the dexter, and gives a clumsy description +of it little worth transcribing. He, and the +<i>Dictionnaire de Blazon</i>, assign these arms to the +Republic of Geneva.</p> + +<p>The other bearing would, in English, be blazoned, +Checquy of nine pieces, or and azure: and +in French, <i>Cinq points d'or, équipollés à quatre +d'azur</i>. This is assigned by Nisbett to the +<i>Seigneurie</i> of Geneva, and is quartered by the +King of Sardinia in token of the claims over the +Genevese town and territory, which, as Duke of +Savoy, he has never resigned.</p> + +<p>With regard to the former shield, I may just +remark, that the dimidiated coat is merely that of +the German empire. How or why Geneva obtained +it, I should be very glad to be informed; +since it appears to appertain to the present independent +Republic, and not to the former seignorial +territory.</p> + +<p>Let me also add, that the plate in the <i>Dictionnaire</i> +gives the field of this half as argent. Mr. +Willement, in his <i>Regal Heraldry</i>, under the arms +of Richard II.'s consort, also thus describes and +represents the imperial field; and Nisbett alludes +to it as such in one place, though in his formal +blazon he gives it as <i>or</i>.</p> + +<p>Nothing, in an heraldic point of view, would be +more interesting than a "Regal Heraldry of Europe," +with a commentary explaining the historical +origin and combinations of the various bearings. +Should this small contribution towards such a +compilation tend to call the attention of any able +antiquary to the general subject, or to elicit +information upon this particular question, the +writer who now offers so insignificant an item +would feel peculiarly gratified.</p> + +<p class="author">L. C. D.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + +<p><i>Multiplying Negatives.</i>—In reply to M. N. S. +(Vol. ix., p. 83.) I would suggest the following mode +of multiplying negatives on glass, which I have every +reason to believe would be perfectly successful:—First, +<i>varnish</i> the negative to be copied by means of +<span class="smcap">Dr. Diamond's</span> solution of amber in chloroform; then +attach to each angle, with any convenient varnish, a +small piece of writing-paper. Prepare a similar plate +of glass with collodion, and drain off all superfluous +nitrate of silver, by standing it for a minute or so on +edge upon a piece of blotting-paper. Lay it flat upon +a board, collodion side upwards, and the negative prepared +above upon it, collodion side downwards. Expose +the whole to daylight for a single second, or to +gas-light for about a minute, and develope as usual. +The result will be a <i>transmitted positive</i>, but with reversed +sides; and from this, when varnished and treated +as the original negative, any number of negatives similar +to the first may be produced.</p> + +<p>The paper at the angles is to prevent the <i>absolute</i> +contact and consequent injury by the solution of nitrate +of silver; and, for the same reason, it is advisable +not to attempt to print until the primary negative is +varnished, as, with all one's care, sometimes the nitrate +will come in contact and produce spots, if the varnishing +has been omitted. Should the negative become +moistened, it should be <i>at once</i> washed with a gentle +stream of water and dried.</p> + +<p>I have repeatedly performed the operation above +described so far as the production of the positive, and +so perfect is the impression that I see no reason why +the second negative should be at all distinguishable +from the original.</p> + +<p>I am, indeed, at present engaged upon a <i>similar</i> +attempt; but there are several other difficulties in my +way: I, however, entertain no doubts of perfect success.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Geo. Shadbolt.</p> + +<p><i>Towgood's Paper.</i>—A. B. (Vol. ix., p. 83.) can purchase +Towgood's paper of Mr. Sandford, who frequently +advertises in "N. & Q." With regard to his other Query, +I think there can be no doubt of his being at liberty +to publish a photographic <i>copy</i> of a portrait, Mr. Fox +Talbot having reserved only the right to paper copies +of a <i>photographic</i> portrait. Collodion portraits are <i>not</i> +patent, but the <i>paper</i> proofs from collodion negatives +are.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Geo. Shadbolt.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page111" name="page111">{111}</a></span> +<i>Adulteration of Nitrate of Silver.</i>—Will any of your +chemical readers tell me how I am to know if nitrate +of silver is pure, and how to detect the adulteration? +<i>If so</i> with nitrate of potash, how? One writer on +photography recommends the fused, as then the excess +of nitric acid is got rid of. Another says the fused +nitrate is nearly always adulterated. I fear you have +more querists than respondents. I have looked carefully +for a reply to some former Queries respecting +<span class="smcap">Mr. Crookes</span>'s restoration of old collodion, but at +present they have failed in appearance.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">The Reader of Photographic Works.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> + +<p><i>Passage of Cicero</i> (Vol. viii., p. 640.).—Is the +following what <span class="smcap">Semi-Tone</span> wants?</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Mira est enim quædam natura vocis; cujus quidem, +<i>e tribus omnino sonis</i>, inflexo, acuto, gravi, tanta sit, +et tam suavis varietas perfecta in cantibus."—<i>Orator</i>, +cap. 17.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + +<p><i>Major André</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 174. 604.).—The late +Mrs. Mills of Norwich (<i>née</i> André) was not the +sister of Major André; she was the only daughter +of Mr. John André of Offenbach, near Frankfort +on the Maine, in Germany; where he established +more than eighty years ago a prosperous concern +as a printer of music, and was moreover an eminent +composer: this establishment is now in the +hands of his grandson. Mr. John André was not +the brother of the Major, but a second or third +cousin. Mrs. Mills used to say, that she remembered +seeing the Major at her father's house as a +visitor, when she was a very small child. He +began his career in London in the commercial +line; and, after he entered the army, was sent +by the English ministry to Hesse-Cassel to conduct +to America a corps of Hessian hirelings to +dragoon the revolted Americans into obedience: +it was on this occasion that he paid the above-mentioned +visit to Offenbach.</p> + +<p>Having frequently read the portion of English +history containing the narrative of the transactions +in which Major André was so actively +engaged, and for which he suffered, I have often +asked myself whether he was altogether blameless +in that questionable affair.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Trivet Allcock.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Norwich.</p> + +<p style="margin-bottom: 1.5em">P.S.—This account was furnished to me by +Mr. E. Mills, husband of the late Mrs. Mills.</p> + +<p><i>Catholic Bible Society</i> (Vol. ix., p. 41.).—Besides +the account of this society in Bishop Milner's +<i>Supplementary Memoirs of the English Catholics</i>, +many papers on the same will be found in the +volumes of the <i>Orthodox Journal</i> from 1813, when +the Society was formed, to 1819. In this last +volume, p. 9., Bishop Milner wrote a long letter, +containing a comparison of the brief notes in the +stereotyped edition of the above Society with the +notes of Bishop Challoner, from whose hands he +mentions having received a copy of his latest edition +of both Testaments in 1777. It should be +mentioned that most of the papers in the <i>Orthodox +Journal</i> alluded to were written by Bishop Milner +under various signatures, which the present writer, +with all who knew him well, could always recognise. +That eminent prelate thus sums up the fate +of the sole publication of the so-called Catholic +Bible Society:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Its stereotype Testament ... was proved to +abound in gross errors; hardly a copy of it could be +sold; and, in the end, the plates for continuing it have +been of late presented by an illustrious personage, into +whose hands they fell, to one of our prelates [this was +Bishop Collingridge], who will immediately employ +the cart-load of them for a good purpose, as they were +intended to be, by disposing of them to some pewterer, +who will convert them into numerous useful culinary +implements, gas-pipes, and other pipes."</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author">F. C. H.</p> + +<p><i>Cassiterides</i> (Vol. ix., p. 64.).—Kassiteros; the +ancient Indian Sanscrit word <i>Kastira</i>. Of the disputed +passage in Herodotus respecting the Cassiterides, +the interpretation<a id="footnotetag7" name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> of Rennell, in his +<i>Geographical System of Herodotus</i>; of Maurice, +in his <i>Indian Antiquities</i>, vol. vi.; and of Heeren, in +his <i>Historical Researches</i>; is much more satisfactory +than that offered by your correspondent +S. G. C., although supported by the French academicians +(<i>Inscript.</i> xxxvi. 66.)</p> + +<p>The advocates for a Celtic origin of the name +of these islands are perhaps not aware that—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Through the intercourse which the Phœnicians, by +means of their factories in the Persian Gulph, maintained +with the east coast of India, the Sanscrit word +<i>Kastira</i>, expressing a most useful product of farther +India, and still existing among the old Aramaic idioms +in the Arabian word <i>Kasdir</i>, became known to the +Greeks even before Albion and the British Cassiterides +had been visited."—See Humboldt's <i>Cosmos</i>, "Principal +Epochs in the History of the Physical Contemplation +of the Universe," notes.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author smcap">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote7" name="footnote7"></a> <b>Footnote 7</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> +<p> His want of information in this matter can only +be referred to the jealousy of the Phœnicians depriving +the Greeks, as afterwards the Romans, of ocular observation.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Wooden Tombs and Effigies</i> (Vol. ix., p. 62.).—There +are two fine recumbent figures of a Lord +Neville and his wife in Brancepeth Church, four +miles south-west of Durham. They are carved in +wood. A view of them is given in Billing's <i>Antiquities +of Durham</i>.</p> + +<p class="author">J. H. B.</p> + +<p><i>Tailless Cats</i> (Vol. ix., p. 10.).—In my visits +to the Isle of Man, I have frequently met with +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page112" name="page112">{112}</a></span>specimens of the tailless cats referred to by your +correspondent <span class="smcap">Shirley Hibberd</span>. In the pure +breed there is not the slightest vestige of a tail, +and in the case of any intermixture with the +species possessing the usual caudal appendage, the +tail of their offspring, like the witch's "sark," as +recorded by honest Tam o' Shanter,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"In longitude is sorely scanty."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>In fact, it terminates abruptly at the length of a +few inches, as if amputated, having altogether a +very ludicrous appearance.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">G. Taylor.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Reading.</p> + +<p>The breed of cats without tails is well known in +the Isle of Man, and accounted by the people of the +island one of its chief curiosities. These cats are +sought after by strangers: the natives call them +"Rumpies," or "Rumpy Cats." Their hind legs +are rather longer than those of cats with tails, and +give them a somewhat rabbit-like aspect, which +has given rise to the odd fancy that they are the +descendants of a cross between a rabbit and cat. +They are good mousers. When a perfectly tailless +cat is crossed with an ordinary-tailed individual, +the progeny exhibit all intermediate states +between tail and no tail.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Edward Forbes.</p> + +<p class="salute"><i>Warville</i> (Vol. viii., p. 516.).—</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Jacque Pierre Brissot was born on the 14th Jan., +1754, in the village of Ouarville, near Chartres."—<i>Penny +Cyclo</i>.</p></blockquote> + +<p>If your correspondent is a French scholar, he +will perceive that Warville is, as nearly as possible, +the proper pronunciation of the name of this +village, but that Brissot being merely the son of a +prior pastrycook, had no right whatever to the name, +which doubtless he bore merely as a distinction from +some other Brissot. It may interest your American +friend to know, that he married Félicité +Dupont, a young lady of good family at Boulogne. +A relation of my own, who was very intimate with +her before her marriage, has often described her +to me as being of a very modest, retiring, religious +disposition, very clever with her pencil, and as +having received a first-rate education from masters +in Paris. These gifts, natural and acquired, +made her a remarkable young person, amidst the +crowd of frivolous idlers who at that time formed +"good society," not only in Paris, but even in +provincial towns, of which Boulogne was not the +least gay. Perhaps he knows already that she +quickly followed her husband to the scaffold. Her +sister (I believe the only one) married a Parisian +gentleman named Aublay, and died at a great +age about ten years ago.</p> + +<p class="author">N. J. A.</p> + +<p><i>W</i> is not a distinct letter in the French alphabet; +it is simply <i>double v</i>, and is pronounced like +<i>v</i>, as in Wissant, Wimireux, Wimille, villages between +Calais and Boulogne, and Wassy in Champagne.</p> + +<p class="author">W. R. D. S.</p> + +<p><i>Green Eyes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 407.).—The following +are quotations in favour of green eyes, in addition +to <span class="smcap">Mr. H. Temple</span>'s:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i16">"An eagle, madam,</p> +<p class="i0">Hath not so <i>green</i>, so quick, so fair an eye."</p> +<p class="i12"><i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act III. Sc. 5.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>And Dante, in <i>Purgatory</i>, canto xxxi., likens +Beatrice's eyes to emeralds:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Disser: fa che le viste non risparmi:</p> +<p class="i0">Posto t' avem dinanzi agli smeraldi,</p> +<p class="i0">Ond' Amor già ti trasse le sue armi."</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Spare not thy vision. We have station'd thee</p> +<p class="i0">Before the <i>emeralds</i><a id="footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8" href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a>, whence Love, erewhile,</p> +<p class="i0">Hath drawn his weapons on thee."</p> +<p class="i16">Cary's <i>Translation</i>.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>I think short-sightedness is an infirmity more +common among men of letters, authors, &c., than +any other class; indeed, one is inclined to think +it is no rare accompaniment of talent. A few celebrated +names occur to me who suffered weakness +of distinct vision to see but the better near. I +am sure your correspondents could add many to the +list. I mark them down at random:—Niebuhr, +Thomas Moore, Marie Antoinette, Gustavus +Adolphus, Herrick the poet, Dr. Johnson, Margaret +Fuller, Ossoli, Thiers, Quevedo. These are +but a few, but I will not lengthen the list at +present.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">M——a S.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + <a id="footnote8" name="footnote8"></a> <b>Footnote 8</b>: + <a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a> +<p> Beatrice's eyes.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Came</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—H. T. G. will find +this word to be as old as our language. Piers +Ploughman writes:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i8">"A cat</p> +<p class="i0"><i>Cam</i> when hym liked."</p> +<p class="i16"><i>Vision</i>, l. 298.</p> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i6">"A lovely lady</p> +<p class="i0"><i>Cam</i> doun from a castel."</p> +<p class="i16"><i>Ib.</i> l. 466.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>Chaucer:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Till that he <i>came</i> to Thebes."</p> +<p class="i16"><i>Cant. T.</i> l. 985.</p> +</div></div> + +<p>Gower:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Thus (er he wiste) into a dale</p> +<p class="i0">He <i>came</i>."</p> +<p class="i4"><i>Conf. Am.</i> b. i. fol. 9. p. 2. col. l.</p> +</div></div> + +<p class="author">Q.</p> + +<p><i>"Epitaphium Lucretiæ"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 563.).—Allow +me to send an answer to the Query of <span class="smcap">Balliolensis</span>, +and to state that in that rather scarce +little book, <i>Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera</i>, he +will find at page 68. that "Epitaphium Lucretiæ" +is ascribed to Modestus, perhaps the same person +who wrote a work <i>de re militari</i>. The version +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page113" name="page113">{113}</a></span>there given differs slightly from that of <span class="smcap">Balliolensis</span>, +and has two more lines; it is as follows:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"Cum foderet ferro castum Lucretia pectus,</p> +<p class="i2">Sanguinis et torrens egereretur, ait:</p> +<p class="i0">Procedant testes me non favisse tyranno,</p> +<p class="i2">Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante deos.</p> +<p class="i0">Quam recte hi testes pro me post fata loquentur,</p> +<p class="i2">Alter apud manes, alter apud superos."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>Perhaps the following translation may not be unacceptable:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"When thro' her breast the steel Lucretia thrust,</p> +<p class="i0">She said, while forth th' ensanguin'd torrent gush'd;</p> +<p class="i0">'From me that no consent the tyrant knew,</p> +<p class="i0">To my spouse my blood, to heaven my soul shall show;</p> +<p class="i0">And thus in death these witnesses shall prove,</p> +<p class="i0">My innocence, to shades below, and Powers above.'"</p> +</div></div> + +<p class="author">C—S. T. P.</p> + +<p><i>Oxford Commmemoration Squib</i>, 1849 (Vol. viii., +p. 584.).—Quoted incorrectly. The heading stands +thus:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0"><span class="smcap">"Liberty! Equality! Fraternity!"</span></p> +</div></div> + +<p>After the name of "Wrightson" add "(Queen's);" +and at the foot of the bill "Floreat Lyceum." I +quote from a copy before me.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">W. P. Storer.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Olney, Bucks.</p> + +<p><i>"Imp"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 623.).—Perhaps as amusing +use of the word <i>imp</i> as can be found anywhere +occurs in an old Bacon, in his "Pathway unto +Prayer" (see <i>Early Writings</i>, Parker Society, +p. 187.):</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Let us pray for the preservation of the King's +most excellent Majesty, and for the prosperous success +of his entirely beloved son Edward our Prince, that +most <i>angelic imp</i>."</p></blockquote> + +<p class="author">P. P.</p> + +<p><i>False Spellings from Sound</i> (Vol. vi., p. 29.).—The +observations of <span class="smcap">Mr. Waylen</span> deserve to be +enlarged by numerous examples, and to be, to a +certain extent, corrected. He has not brought +clearly into view two <i>distinct classes</i> of "false +spelling" under which the greater part of such +mistakes may be arranged. One class arose <i>solely</i> +from erroneous pronunciation; the second from +<i>intentional</i> alteration. I will explain my meaning +by two examples, both which are, I believe, in +<span class="smcap">Mr. Waylen</span>'s list.</p> + +<p>The French expression <i>dent de lion</i> stands for a +certain plant, and some of the properties of that +plant originated the name. When an Englishman +calls the same plant <i>Dandylion</i>, the sound has not +given birth "to a new idea" in his mind. Surely, +he pronounces badly three French words of which +he may know the meaning, or he may not. But +when the same Englishman, or any other, orders +<i>sparrow-grass</i> for dinner, these two words contain +"a new idea," introduced purposely: either he, or +some predecessor, reasoned thus—there is no +meaning in <i>asparagus</i>; <i>sparrow-grass</i> must be +the right word because it makes sense. The name +of a well-known place in London illustrates both +these changes: <i>Convent</i> Garden becomes <i>Covent</i> +Garden by mispronunciation; it becomes <i>Common</i> +Garden by intentional change.</p> + +<p>Mistakes of the first class are not worth recording; +those of the second fall under this general +principle: words are purposely exchanged for +others of a similar sound, because the latter are +supposed to recover a lost meaning.</p> + +<p>I have by me several examples which I will +send you if you think the subject worth pursuing.</p> + +<p class="author">J. O. B.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Wicken.</p> + +<p><i>"Good wine needs no bush"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 607.).—The +custom of hanging out bushes of ivy, +boughs of trees, or bunches of flowers, at <i>private</i> +houses, as a sign that good cheer may be had +within, still prevails in the city of Gloucester at +the fair held at Michaelmas, called Barton Fair, +from the locality; and at the three "mops," or +hiring fairs, on the three Mondays following, to +indicate that ale, beer, cider, &c. are there sold, +on the strength (I believe) of an ancient privilege +enjoyed by the inhabitants of that street to sell +liquors, without the usual license, during the fair.</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Brookthorpe.</p> + +<p><i>Three Fleurs-de-Lys</i> (Vol. ix., p. 35.).—In +reply to the Query of <span class="smcap">Devoniensis</span>, I would say +that many families of his own county bore fleurs-de-lys +in their coat armour, in the forms of <i>two +and one</i>, and <i>on a bend</i>; also that the heraldic +writers, Robson and Burke, assign a coat to the +family of Baker charged with three fleurs-de-lys +on a fesse. The Devon family of Velland bore, +Sable, a fesse argent, in chief three fleurs-de-lys of +the last, but whether these bearings were ever +placed fesse-wise, or, as your querist terms it, in a +horizontal line, I am not sure.</p> + +<p class="author">J. D. S.</p> + +<p>If <span class="smcap">Devoniensis</span> will look at the arms of Magdalen +College, Oxford, he will there find the three +fleurs-de-lys in a line in the upper part of the +shield.</p> + +<p class="author">A. B.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Athenæum.</p> + +<p><i>Portrait of Plowden</i> (Vol. ix., p. 56.).—A portrait +of Plowden (said to have been taken from +his monument in the Temple Church) is prefixed +to the English edition of his <i>Reports</i>, published in +1761.</p> + +<p class="author">J. G.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Exon.</p> + +<p><i>St. Stephen's Day and Mr. Riley's "Hoveden"</i> +(Vol. viii., p. 637.).—The statement of this feast +being observed prior to Christmas must have<span class="pagenum"><a id="page114" name="page114">{114}</a></span> +arisen from the translator not being conversant +with the technical terms of the <i>Ecclesiastical Calendar</i>, +in which, as the greater festivals are celebrated +with Octaves, other feasts falling during +the Octave are said to be under (<i>infrà</i>) the +greater solemnity. Thus, if <span class="smcap">Mr. Warden</span> will +consult the <i>Ordo Recitandi Officii Divini</i> for 1834, +he will see that next Sunday, the 8th inst., stands +"Dom inf. Oct.," <i>i.e.</i> of the Epiphany, and that +the same occurs on other days during the year.</p> + +<p>May I point out an erratum in a Query inserted +some time since (not yet replied to), regarding a +small castle near Kingsgate, Thanet, the name of +which is printed Aix Ruochim; it should be Arx +Ruochim.</p> + +<p class="author">A. O. H.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Blackheath.</p> + +<p><i>Death Warnings in Ancient Families</i> (Vol. ix., +p. 55.).—A brief notice of these occurrences, with +references to works where farther details may be +met with, would form a very remarkable record +of events which tend to support one's belief in +the truth of the remark of Hamlet:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p class="i0">"There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,</p> +<p class="i0">Than are dreamt of in our philosophy."</p> +</div></div> + +<p>A drummer is stated to be heard in C—— +Castle, the residence of the Earl and Countess of +A., "going about the house playing his drum, +whenever there is a death impending in the +family." This warning is asserted to have been +given shortly before the decease of the Earl's first +wife, and preceded the death of the next Countess +about five or six months. Mrs. Crowe, in her +<i>Night Side of Nature</i>, observes hereupon:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"I have heard that a paper was found in her (the +Countess's) desk after her death, declaring her conviction +that the drum was for her."</p></blockquote> + +<p>Whenever a little old woman visits a lady of the +family of G. of R., at the time of her confinement, +when the nurse is absent, and strokes down the +clothes, the patient (says Mrs. Crowe), "never +does any good, and dies." Another legend is, that +a single swan is always seen on a particular lake +close to the mansion of another family before a +death. Then, Lord Littleton's dove is a well-known +incident. And the lady above quoted +speaks of many curious warnings of death by the +appearance of birds, as well as of a spectral black +dog, which visited a particular family in Cornwall +immediately before the death of any of its members. +Having made this Note of a few more +cases of death warnings, I will end with a Query +in the words of Mrs. Crowe, who, after detailing +the black dog apparition, asks: "if this phenomenon +is the origin of the French phrase <i>bête +noire</i>, to express an annoyance, or an augury of +evil?"</p> + +<p class="author smcap">Jas. J. Scott.</p> + +<p class="aucity">Hampstead.</p> + +<p><i>"The Secunde Personne of the Trinitie"</i> (Vol. ix., +p. 56.).—I think it is Hobart Seymour who +speaks of some Italians of the present day as considering +the Three Persons of the Trinity to be +the Father, the Virgin, and the Son.</p> + +<p class="author">J. P. O.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + +<p>Mr. Wright's varied antiquarian acquirements, and +his untiring zeal, are too well known to require recognition +from us. We may therefore content ourselves with +directing attention to his <i>Wanderings of an Antiquary, +chiefly upon the Traces of the Romans in Britain</i>, which +has just been published, and of which the greater part +has appeared in a series of papers under the same title +in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>. It is intended to furnish, +in a popular form, a few archæological truths +which may foster a love of our national antiquities +among those who are less likely to be attracted by dry +dissertations: and its gossiping character and pretty +woodcuts are well calculated to promote this object.</p> + +<p>This endeavour to make the study of antiquities +popular, naturally calls our attention to a small and +very agreeable volume on the subject of what Brand +designated <i>Popular Antiquities</i>. We refer to the last +volume of Bohn's <i>Illustrated Library</i>. It is from the +pen of Mary Howitt, and is entitled the <i>Pictorial +Calendar of the Seasons, exhibiting the Pleasures, Pursuits, +and Characteristics of Country Life for every +Month of the Year, and embodying the whole of Aikin's +Calendar of Nature</i>. It is embellished with upwards +of one hundred engravings on wood; and what the +authoress says of its compilation, viz. that it was "like +a walk through a rich summer garden," describes +pretty accurately the feelings of the reader. But, as +we must find some fault, where is the Index?</p> + +<p>We have received from Birmingham a work most +creditable to all concerned in its production, and which +will be found of interest to such of our readers as +devote their attention to county or family history. It +is entitled <i>A History of the Holtes of Aston, Baronets, +with a Description of the Family Mansion, Aston Hall, +Warwickshire</i>, by Alfred Davidson, with <i>Illustrations +from Drawings</i> by Allan E. Everitt; and whether we +regard the care with which Mr. Davidson has executed +the literary portion of the work, the artistic skill of +the draughtsman, or the manner in which the publisher +has brought it out, we may safely pronounce it a +volume well deserving the attention of topographers +generally, and of Warwickshire topographers in especial.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Books Received.</span>—<i>Folious Appearances; A Consideration +on our Ways of lettering Books</i>. Few lovers +of old books and good binding will begrudge half a +florin for this quaint opuscule.—<i>Indications of Instinct</i>, +by T. Lindley Kemp, the new number of the <i>Traveller's +Library</i>, is an interesting supplement to Dr. +Kemp's former contribution to the same series, <i>The +Natural History of Creation</i>.—We record, for the information +of our meteorological friends, the receipt of +a <i>Daily Weather Journal for the Year 1853</i>, kept at Islington +by Mr. Simpson.<span class="pagenum"><a id="page115" name="page115">{115}</a></span></p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES</h3> + +<h4>WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h4> + +<div class="hang1st"> +<p><span class="smcap">The Establishment of the Turks in Europe.</span> By Lord John +Russell.</p> + +<p>Of <span class="smcap">Sir Walter Scott's Novels</span>, without the Notes, Constable's +Miniature Edition: Anne of Geierstein, Betrothed, Castle +Dangerous, Count Robert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, Highland +Widow, Red Gauntlet, St. Ronan's Well, Woodstock, +Surgeon's Daughter, and Talisman.</p> + +<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, +to be sent to <span class="smcap">Mr. Bell</span>. Publisher of "NOTES AND +QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.</p> +</div> + +<p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent +direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose +names and addresses are given for that purpose:</p> + +<div class="hang1st"> +<p><span class="smcap">The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe.</span> Vol. I. Edited +by Rev. S. Cattley. Seeley and Burnside.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Voltaire's Works.</span> Vol. I. Translated by Smollett. Francklin, +London, 1761.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ecclesiologist.</span> Vol. V. In numbers or unbound.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center">Wanted by <i>E. Hailstone</i>, Horton Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Penny Cyclopædia.</span> from Part CVII. inclusive, to the end.</p> + +<p class="center">Wanted by <i>Rev. F. N. Mills</i>, 11. Cunningham Place, St. John's +Wood.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<div class="hang1st"> +<p><span class="smcap">Birch's Gallery of Antiquities.</span> Parts I. and II.</p> +<p class="smcap">Burton's Excerpta Hieroglyphica.</p> +<p class="smcap">Wilkinson's Materia Hieroglyphica.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center">Wanted by <i>Prichard, Roberts, & Co.</i>, Booksellers, Chester.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p class="hang1st"><span class="smcap">Genuine and Impartial Memoirs of the Life and Character +of Charles Ratcliffe</span>, wrote by a gentleman of the +family, Mr. Eyre, to prevent the Public being imposed on by +any erroneous or partial accounts to the prejudice of this unfortunate +gentleman. London: printed for the Proprietor, and +sold by E. Cole. 1746.</p> + +<p class="center">Wanted by <i>Mr. Douglas</i>, 16. Russell Square, London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Col. Charteris</span> <i>or</i> <span class="smcap">Chartres.</span>—<i>Our Correspondent who inquires +for particulars respecting this monster of depravity is +referred to Pope's <em>Works</em>, edit. 1736, vol. ii. p. 24. of the Ethic +Epistles. Also to the following works: <em>The History of Col. +Francis Charteris from his birth to his present Catastrophe in +Newgate</em>, 4to. 1730; <em>Memoirs of the Life and Actions of Col. +<span class="nowrap">Ch——s</span></em>, 8vo. 1730; <em>Life of Col. Don Francisco</em>, with a wood-cut +portrait of Col. Charteris or Chartres, 8vo.</i></p> + +<p>N. <i>On the "Sun's rays putting out the fire," see</i> Vol. vii., +pp. 285. 345. 439.</p> + +<p>R. V. T. <i>An excellent tract may be had for a few pence on +<em>The History of Pews</em>, a paper read before the Cambridge Camden +Society, 1841: see also <em>"N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 56., and Vol. viii., +p. 127</em>.</i></p> + +<p>C. K. P. (Bishop's Stortford). <i>We candidly admit that your +results upon waxed paper are much like our own, for no <em>certainty</em> +has at present attended our endeavours. If the paper is made +sensitive, then it behaves exactly as yours has done; and if, following +other formulæ, we use a less sensitive paper, then the exposure +is so long and tedious that we are not anxious to pursue Photography +in so "slow a phase". Why not adopt and abide by the +simplicity of the calotype process as given in a late Number? In +the writer's possession we have seen nearly a hundred consecutive +negatives without a failure.</i></p> + +<p>W. S. P. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne). <i>Filtered rain-water is far +the best to use in making your iodized paper. The appearances +which you describe in all probability depend upon the different +sheets resting too firmly upon one another, so that the water has +not <em>free</em> and <em>even</em> access to the whole sheet.</i></p> + +<p>H. J. (Norwich). <i>Turner's paper is now quite a precarious +article; a specimen which has come to us of his recent make is +full of spots, and the negative useless. Towgood's is admirable for +positives, but it does not appear to do well for iodizing. We hope +to be soon able to say something cheering to Photographers upon +a good paper!</i></p> + +<p><i>Errata.</i>—<span class="smcap">Mr. P. H. Fisher</span> wishes to correct an error in his +article on "The Court-house of Painswick." Vol. viii., p. 596., +col. 2., for "The lodge, an old wooden house," read "stone +house." Also in his article in Vol. ix., p. 8., col. 2., for "Rev. +<span class="nowrap">——</span> Hook," read "Rev. <span class="nowrap">——</span> Stock."</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that +the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, +and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="adverts" /> + +<p class="center">Just published, in 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>TRES BREVES TRACTATUS.</p> + +<p>De Primis Episcopis. S. Petri Alexandrini +Episcopi Fragmenta quædam. S. Irenæi +Illustrata <span lang="el" title="RHÊSIS">‘ΡΗΣΙΣ</span>, in qua Ecclesia Romana +commemoratur. Recensuit MARTIMUS JOSEPHUS +ROUTH. S.T.P., Collegii S. Magdalenæ. +Oxon. Præses.</p> + +<p>Oxonii: apud JOHANNEM HENRICUM PARKER.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>THE PENNY POST for FEBRUARY, +with Illustrations, contains:—1. +The Escape of the Empress Maude from +Oxford Castle. 2. God's Children: Scenes +from the Lives of Two Young Christians. 3. +Readings for Septuagesima Sunday: The +Formation of Eve. 4. the Mammoth. 5. Brazilian +Sketches. 6. True Stories of my Younger +Days: No. I. The Landslip. 7. Reason and +Instinct. 8. Birds, Bees, and Flowers. 9. +Poetry: Hymn; Five Couplets; Church +Ornaments. 10. The Post-bag. 11. New Books.</p> + +<p class="center">Also,<br /> +THE TWOPENNY POST for +FEBRUARY.</p> + +<p class="center">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and +377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">Price One Shilling.</p> + +<p>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY +for FEBRUARY contains—I. +Dedications of Books; II. Sevastopol; +III. A Chapter of History as it might have +been; IV. The "Petite Sœur des Pauvres;" +V. Verse-making in the Olden Time; VI. Our +Literary Friends; VII. Invalids; VIII. Life +of Theodoric the Great, King of Italy; IX. +Notices; X. Poetry.</p> + +<p class="center">At the Office, 41. Exeter Street, Strand, +London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>NEAR MONMOUTH.—To be +LET on LEASE, from the 1st of May, +the TUMP HOUSE, about two miles from +Monmouth, beautifully situate on a declivity, +above the Monnow, celebrated for its trout +fishing. The residence, which is suitable for a +highly respectable family, contains dining-room, +drawing-room, library, six best bedrooms, +and four servants' rooms, with all necessary +offices, coach-house, stabling for six +horses, convenient farm buildings, with good +pleasure and kitchen gardens, and about 27 +acres of prime meadow and orchard land, +stocked with fruit-trees. It is approached by a +private bridge, with lodge, from the village of +Rockfield, and a right of shooting over about +1200 acres adjoining will be granted. In the +season a pack of fox-hounds constantly meet +in the adjacent covers.—For particulars apply +to MESSRS. SNELL, Albemarle Street; or +to J. W. PEPPERCORNE, ESQ., Oatlands +House, near Chertsey.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>NEAR WEYBRIDGE.—To be +LET, FURNISHED or on LEASE, +WOODLAWN HOUSE, containing handsome +dining and drawing-room, library, servants' +hall, and fifteen other rooms, coach-house and +stabling for eight horses, pleasure and kitchen +garden, fish-pond, orchard, &c., beautifully +situate on a gravelly soil, near St. George's +Hill, and about a mile from the Railway Stations +of Walton and Weybridge. Also a Cottage +Residence, containing thirteen rooms, +dairy, small conservatory, coach-house, stabling, +pleasure and kitchen gardens.—Apply +to MESSRS. SNELL, Albemarle Street, or to +J. W. PEPPERCORNE, ESQ., 2. Exchange +Buildings, London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for +FEBRUARY, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, contains:—</p> + +<ul><li>1. Burton's History of Scotland, from the Revolution.</li> +<li>2. Gosse's Naturalist's Ramble on the Devonshire Coast.</li> +<li>3. Baumgarten on the Acts of the Apostles.</li> +<li>4. Professor Silliman—a new Phase in American Life.</li> +<li>5. Journals and Correspondence of Thomas Moore.</li> +<li>6. History and Resources of Turkey.</li> +<li>7. The Dignity of the Pulpit.</li> +<li>Review of the Month, Short Notices, &c.</li> +</ul> + +<hr /> + +<p>THE HOMILIST for JANUARY, +1854, price 1<i>s.</i> (commencing Vol. III.) +contains, among other Articles:</p> + +<ol><li>The Theory of True Progress.</li> +<li>The Absolute in Truth.</li> +<li>The Prophet's Dream.</li> +<li>Judas; or, Truth sold for Money.</li> +<li>Caiaphas: a Glance at Government, Human and Divine.</li> +</ol> + +<blockquote><p>"Certainly one of the most extraordinary +and ably written publications of the day. It +is entirely original, and abounds with sterling +ideas.... It needs but to be perused to commend +itself to the genuine Christian of every +denomination."—<i>Birmingham Mercury.</i></p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page116" name="page116">{116}</a></span> +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,<br /> +8. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<p>Founded A.D. 1812.</p> + +<hr class="veryshort" /> + +<p><i>Directors.</i></p> + +<p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> +T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.<br /> +G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> +W. Evans, Esq.<br /> +W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> +F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> +J. H. Goodhart, Esq.<br /> +T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> +J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> +E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> +J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> +J. B. White, Esq.<br /> +J. Carter Wood, Esq. +</p> + +<p><i>Trustees.</i></p> + +<p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; +T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + +<p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + +<p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., +Charing Cross.</p> + +<p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> +</div> + +<p>Policies effected in this Office do not become +void through temporary difficulty in paying +a Premium, as permission is given upon +application to suspend the payment at interest, +according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.</p> + +<p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring +100<i>l.</i>, with a Share in three-fourths of the +Profits:—</p> + +<div class="in4"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="2" summary=""> +<tr><td>Age</td><td> </td><td>£</td><td>s.</td><td>d.</td></tr> +<tr><td>17</td><td></td><td>1</td><td class="ralign">14</td><td>4</td></tr> +<tr><td>22</td><td></td><td>1</td><td class="ralign">18</td><td>8</td></tr> +<tr><td>27</td><td></td><td>2</td><td class="ralign">4</td><td>5</td></tr> +<tr><td>32</td><td></td><td>2</td><td class="ralign">10</td><td>8</td></tr> +<tr><td>37</td><td></td><td>2</td><td class="ralign">18</td><td>6</td></tr> +<tr><td>42</td><td></td><td>3</td><td class="ralign">8</td><td>2</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="in2">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., +Actuary.</p> + +<p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, +with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT +and EMIGRATION; being a +TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, +and on the General Principles of +Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of +Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, +&c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound +Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to +the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament +Street, London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED +CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, +and Description of upwards of 100 articles, +consisting of</p> + +<p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,</p> + +<p style="text-indent: 4em;">Ladies' Portmanteaus,<br /> +DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, +DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites, +Gratis on application, or sent free by +Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + +<p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box +and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag +with the opening as large as the bag, and the +new Portmanteau containing four compartments, +are undoubtedly the best articles of the +kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="center">J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18 & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>BENNETT'S MODEL +WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. +No. 1. Class X., in Gold and +Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to +all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, +65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold +London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 +guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold +Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver +Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 +guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, +50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch +skilfully examined, timed, and its performance +guaranteed. Barometers, 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers +from 1<i>s.</i> each.</p> + +<p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument +Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of +Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + +<p class="center">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">VIEWS IN LONDON.</p> + +<p class="center">STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC +PICTURES.</p> + +<p>BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET +STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL +INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite +attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES +of all Kinds, and in various Materials; +also, to their New and Extensive Assortment +of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the +same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, +and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES +on GLASS, including Views of +London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These +Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are +unrivalled.</p> + +<p class="center">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street, London.</p> + +<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" +sent on Application.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. +B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, +289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of +Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion +equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness +and density of Negative, to any other hitherto +published; without diminishing the keeping +properties and appreciation of half tint for +which their manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + +<p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements +for the practice of Photography. +Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE +PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. +HOCKIN. Price 1<i>s.</i>, per Post, 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr /> + +<p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE +& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining +Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from +three to thirty seconds, according to light.</p> + +<p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy +of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, +specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.</p> + +<p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, +&c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. +and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S +REGISTERED +DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, +for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability +of Elongation or Contraction to any +Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its +adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.—The +Trade supplied.</p> + +<p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod +Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained +at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte +Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + +<p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order +or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, +MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL +PREPARATIONS.</p> + +<p>KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, +containing Description and Price of the best +forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander +and Son's Lenses for Portraits and +Views, together with the various Materials, +and pure Chemical Preparations required in +practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded +free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + +<p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p> + +<p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and +other Photographic Specimens.</p> + +<p class="center">GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, +London.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="center">Valuable Illustrated Books at Reduced Prices.</p> + +<p>ROBERTS' HOLY LAND. +250 Plates. 16<i>l.</i> 16<i>s.</i> Published at 41 +guineas.</p> + +<p>DIGBY WYATT'S INDUSTRIAL +ARTS OF THE NINETEENTH +CENTURY. 160 Plates. 2 vols. folio. half-bound +morocco. 10<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> Published at 17<i>l.</i> 17<i>s.</i></p> + +<p>DIGBY WYATT'S METAL +WORK, and its ARTISTIC DESIGN. 56 +Plates. Folio, half-bound morocco, 3<i>l.</i> 3<i>s.</i> +Published at 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p class="hang1st">Now ready, price 25<i>s.</i>, Second Edition, revised +and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission +to</p> + +<p class="center">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF +CANTERBURY.</p> + +<p>PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR +THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. +The words selected by the Very Rev. H. H. +MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The +Music arranged for Four Voices, but applicable +also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services, Responses to the Commandments, +and a Concise <span class="smcap">System of Chanting</span>, by J. B. +SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to +Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, +price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. +Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on +the receipt of a Post-office Order for that +amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers +and Music Warehouses.</p> + +<blockquote><p>"A great advance on the works we have +hitherto had, connected with our Church and +Cathedral Service."—<i>Times.</i></p> + +<p>"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled +in this country."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + +<p>"One of the best collections of tunes which +we have yet seen. Well merits the distinguished +patronage under which it appears."—<i>Musical +World.</i></p> + +<p>"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together +with a system of Chanting of a very superior +character to any which has hitherto appeared."—<i>John +Bull.</i></p></blockquote> + +<p class="center">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<p class="in4">Also, lately published,</p> + +<p class="center">J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, +COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed +at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center">C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas +each.—D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho +Square (established <span class="smcap">a.d.</span> 1785), sole manufacturers +of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 +Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. +The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes +are best described in the following professional +testimonial, signed by the majority of the leading +musicians of the age:—"We, the undersigned +members of the musical profession, +having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes +manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE +& CO., have great pleasure in bearing +testimony to their merits and capabilities. It +appears to us impossible to produce instruments +of the same size possessing a richer and finer +tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, +while the elegance of their construction +renders them a handsome ornament for +the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) +J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, +J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. +Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen +Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hassé, +J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, +W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lauza, +Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. +Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John +Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, +E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, +E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, +H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.</p> + +<p class="center">D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists +and Designs Gratis.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p>Printed by <span class="smcap">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of +St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by <span class="smcap">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the +City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, February 4, 1854.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 223, +February 4, 1854, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, FEB 4, 1854 *** + +***** This file should be named 28405-h.htm or 28405-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/4/0/28405/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Katherine Ward, Jonathan +Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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