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diff --git a/28396.txt b/28396.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..496f337 --- /dev/null +++ b/28396.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5568 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Gems (?) of German Thought, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Gems (?) of German Thought + +Author: Various + +Editor: William Archer + +Release Date: March 24, 2009 [EBook #28396] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEMS (?) OF GERMAN THOUGHT *** + + + + +Produced by Jeannie Howse, Juliet Sutherland and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + * * * * * + + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | | + | Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has | + | been preserved. | + | | + | Bold text in this e-text is marked =like so=. | + | | + +-----------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + +GEMS (?) OF +GERMAN THOUGHT + + +COMPILED BY +WILLIAM ARCHER + + +[Illustration] + + +GARDEN CITY NEW YORK +DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY +1917 + + + + +_Copyright, 1917, by_ +DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY + +_All rights reserved, including that of +translation into foreign languages, +including the Scandinavian_ + + + + +THOR'S HAMMER-CAST + + + Thor stood at the midnight end of the world, + His battle-mace flew from his hand: + "So far as my clangorous hammer I've hurled + Mine are the sea and the land!" + And onward hurtled the mighty sledge + O'er the wide, wide earth, to fall + At last on the Southland's furthest edge + In token that His was all. + Since then 'tis the joyous German right + With the hammer lands to win. + We mean to inherit world-wide might + As the Hammer-God's kith and kin. + + FELIX DAHN (1878). + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + +INTRODUCTION 3 + +I + +"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES" 31 + German Humility 31 + The Gentle German 49 + The Great Misunderstood 55 + Kultur 57 + Der deutsche Gott 69 + The Chosen People and its Mission 78 + "Other Peoples" 84 + Christ 88 + Die deutsche Wahrheit 94 + German Insight and Foresight 98 + German Freedom 100 + The German Language 101 + + +II + +GERMAN AMBITIONS 107 + Expansion in Europe 107 + Expansion beyond Europe 118 + Weltmacht 122 + + +III + +WAR-WORSHIP 133 + The Lust of Battle 133 + War and Religion 135 + War and Ethics 137 + War and Biology 140 + War and Kultur 143 + Blood and Iron 145 + War Necessary to Germany 149 + War Need not be Defensive 153 + Contempt for Peace 154 + Militarism Exultant 159 + + +IV + +RUTHLESSNESS 169 + + +V + +MACHIAVELISM 185 + Mendacity and Faithlessness 185 + Might is Right 194 + + +VI + +ENGLAND, FRANCE, AND BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND 199 + The False Islanders 199 + Hymns of Hate 201 + British Vices--Hypocrisy, Envy, and Greed 208 + British Vices--Cowardice and Laziness 215 + Treachery to Germanism 218 + Sir Edward Grey and his Colleagues 220 + Britain's Great Illusion 223 + Comic Relief 228 + France 233 + Belgium 235 + +Index of Books and Pamphlets from which quotations are made 243 + +Index of Authors 255 + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +In accordance with classic precedent, this anthology ought to have +consisted of "1,001 Gems of German Thought," I have been content with +half that number, not--heaven knows!--for any lack of material, but +simply for lack of time and energy to make the ingathering. After all, +enough is as good as a feast, and I think that the evidence as to the +dominant characteristics of German mentality is tolerably complete as +it stands. + +Though I hope it is fairly representative, the collection does not +pretend to be systematic. I have cast no sweeping drag-net, but have +simply dipped almost at random into the wide ocean of German thought. +Some of my most precious "finds" I have come upon by pure chance; and +by pure chance, too, I have no doubt missed many others. Some books +that I should have liked to examine have not been accessible to me; +and there must be many of which I have never heard. On the other hand, +the list of books from which my gems have been selected by no means +indicates the extent of my reading--or skimming. I have gone through +many books and pamphlets which furnished no quotable extracts, but +none that diverged in tone from the rest, or marred the majestic +unison of German self-laudation and contempt for the rest of the +world. I have read of (but not seen) a book by one F.W. Foerster which +is said to contain a protest against theoretic war-worship, and even a +mild defence of England. How very mild it is we may judge from this +sentence: "England has given us not only men like Lord Grey, +scoundrels and hypocrites, who have this war upon their conscience; it +has also given us the Salvation Army," etc., etc. + +One voice the reader may be surprised to miss from the great +chorus--the voice of William the Second. He is unrepresented--save in +one passing remark (No. 136)--for two reasons. In the first place, +his most striking utterance--the injunction to his soldiers to emulate +the Huns of Attila--though almost certainly genuine, is not official, +and could not be quoted without discussion.[1] In the second place, to +confess the truth, I shrank from the intolerable monotony of reading +his Majesty's speeches--that endless array of platitudes in full +uniform--on the chance of discovering one or two quotable gems. + +Practically all my quotations are taken from books and pamphlets. The +sole exceptions are a few extracts from pre-war newspapers, cited in +Nippold's "Der deutsche Chauvinismus." It would have been an endless +and unprofitable task to garner up the extravagances of German +newspapers since the outbreak of the war; not to mention that a German +anthologist could probably make a pretty effective retort by going +through the files of the British war press. + +Is my anthology as it stands open to a telling _tu quoque_ by means of +a selection of gems from British books and pamphlets of the type of +those from which I have made my gleanings? Is it a case of the mote +and the beam? I think we may be pretty confident that it is not. I +doubt whether the literature of the world can show a parallel to the +amazing outburst of tribal arrogance, unrestrained and unashamed, of +which these pages contain but a few scattered specimens. In the +extracts from literature "Before the War" (which have always been kept +apart from those which date from "After July, 1914"), the reader may +see this habit of mind growing and gathering strength: the declaration +of war opens the floodgates, and the torrent rushes forth, grandiose, +overwhelming, and, I believe, unique. I know of only one English book +in which the German taste and temper is emulated. It is certainly a +deplorable production; but it is the work of a wholly unknown man, +whereas many of the most incredible utterances in the following pages +proceed from men of world-wide reputation. Indeed, few contemporary +German names of much distinction are absent from my list. +Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Harnack, Wundt, Oncken, Eucken, Haeckel, +Naumann, Rohrbach, Sombart, Liszt, all join with a will in the chorus +of arrogance, ambition, and hate. Many quotations come from a series +of pamphlets called _Deutsche Reden in schwerer Zeit_, to which all +the most eminent professors of Berlin University have contributed, +with some from other universities. I have also, no doubt, culled +passages from a good many nobodies and busybodies; but when the +nobodies and the somebodies are found to echo and re-echo each other, +the inference is that the general tone of the public mind is very +fairly represented. It will be noted that many of the wildest shrieks +of self-glorification and ferocity proceed from clerics and +theologians. + +The world as a whole has been curiously blind to the inordinate +self-valuation characteristic of the German spirit. So long ago as the +beginning of last century, we find Fichte assuring his countrymen +that: "There are no two ways about it: if you founder, the whole of +humanity founders with you, without hope of any possible restoration." +Even Heine, in the preface to "Deutschland" (1844) could write +half-jestingly that "if only the Germans would out-soar the French in +deeds, as they already had in thought," and if they would carry out in +their spiritual and political life some rather vaguely indicated +reforms, "not only Alsace and Lorraine, but all France, all Europe, +the whole world, would become German." "I often dream," he adds, "of +this mission, this universal dominance of Germany." Of course we are +not to write Heine down a Pan-German of the modern, realistic type. +There is more than a dash of irony in this passage--he obviously +implies that there is very little chance of Germany fulfilling the +conditions that he lays down as indispensable to her world-domination. +Nevertheless, there is a sinister significance in the fact that a +spirit like his should be found dallying for a moment with dreams of +world-supremacy. It was, of course, the war of 1870, with its +resounding triumphs, that brought these visions, so to speak, within +the range of practical politics. For fifteen or twenty years, Germany +was, as Bismarck said, "sated"; but with the coming of the youthful, +pushful, self-assertive Kaiser, her aggressive instincts re-awakened +and she fell to brooding over the idea that her incomparable physical +and spiritual energies were cabin'd, cribb'd, confined. The rapid +growth of her population reinforced this idea, and the increase of her +wealth, as was natural, only made her greedy for more. The result was +that she gave her soul over in fatal earnest to an ambitious and +grasping tribalism to which she was, from of old, only too prone. The +Pan-Germans were the Uhlans, the stormy petrels, of the movement; but +the whole mind of the nation was in reality carried away by it, save +for a very small section which was conscious of its dangers and feebly +protested. The egoism of which she was constantly accusing other +nations, ran riot in her own breast, was elevated into a political +virtue, and expressed itself on the spiritual side in a towering +racial vanity. The word "deutsch," always a word of magical +properties, became the synonym of an unapproachable superiority in +every walk of life[2]--a superiority that sanctified aggression and +made domination a duty. In many minds, no doubt, these sentiments wore +a decent mask; but the moment war broke out, the mask dropped off, +with the amazing results very imperfectly mirrored in the following +pages. + +But self-worship and the craving for aggrandizement are in reality +very uninspiring emotions. The thing that has most deeply impressed me +in my searching of the German war-scriptures is the extraordinary +aridity of spirit that pervades them. A literature more unidea'd (to +use Johnson's word), more devoid of original thought, or grace, or +charm, or atmosphere, it would be hard to conceive. There are, of +course, some inequalities. One or two writers seem (to the foreign +reader) to have a certain dignity of style which is lacking in the +common herd. But in the very best there is little that gives one even +literary pleasure, and nothing that shows any depth of humanity, any +generous feeling, any openness of outlook. Even a happy phrase is so +rare that, when it does occur, one treasures it. I find, for instance, +in a little book by Friedrich Meinecke, a distinction between +"politics of ideas and politics of interests" that is happily put and +worth remembering. Again, Professor v. Harnack re-states the principle +that "he's the best cosmopolite who loves his native country best" in +a rather ingenious way: "There is no such thing as fruit," he says, +"there are only apples, pears, etc. If we want to be good fruit, we +must be a good apple or a good pear." These are small scintillations, +but the toiler through German pamphlet literature is truly grateful +for them. + +For the rest, when you have read three or four of these pamphlets, you +have read all. The writers seem to be working a sort of Imperial +German treadmill, stepping dutifully from plank to plank of patriotic +dogma in a pre-arranged rotation. The topics are few and +ever-recurrent--"dieser uns aufgezwungene Krieg" (this war which has +been forced upon us), the glorious uprising of Germany at its +outbreak, the miracle of mobilization, the Russian knout, French +frivolity, the base betrayal of Germany by envious, hypocritical +England, the immeasurable superiority of German Kultur and Technik, +the saintly virtues of the German soldier, and so on, through the +appointed litany. There is even a set of obligatory quotations which +very few have the strength of mind to resist. By far the most popular +is Geibel's couplet: + + Und es mag am deutschen Wesen + Einmal noch die Welt genesen. + +(And the world may once more be healed by the German nature, or +character.) It came into vogue before the war. The Kaiser struck the +keynote of the whole chorus of self-exaltation when he said (August +31, 1907): "The German people will be the granite block on which the +good God may build and complete His work of Kultur in the world. Then +will be fulfilled the word of the poet who said that the world will +one day be healed by the German character." In the extracts collected +in Nippold's "Der deutsche Chauvinismus" (a pre-war publication) the +Geibel couplet appears at least four times--probably oftener. After +the outbreak of the war, it is easier to reckon the utterances in +which it does _not_ occur than those in which it does. Next in +popularity to the "Wesen--genesen" catchword comes the Kaiser's +brilliant saying, "I no longer know of any parties--I know only German +brothers." He is no good German who does not quote this with reverent +admiration. Then come four or five others which are about equally in +request: Bismarck's "We Germans fear God, and nothing else in the +world"; "the old _furor Teutonicus_"; "_oderint dum metuant_"; +Arndt's + + Der Gott der Eisen wachsen liess, + Der wollte keine Knechte-- + +(The God who made the iron grow meant none to be a bondman); and, +finally, + + Und wenn die Welt voll Teufel waer', + Es soll uns doch gelingen-- + +(And though the world were full of devils, we should succeed in spite +of them.) Even a scholar of the distinction of Ulrich v. +Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, though he avoids the Geibel tag, ends one of +his orations by quoting "Deutschland ueber Alles." Imagine Sir Walter +Raleigh or Prof. Gilbert Murray winding up an address with a selection +from "Rule, Britannia"! + +One English quotation occurs as often as any, except the ubiquitous +"Wesen-genesen." It is "My country, right or wrong," invariably quoted +in the form, "Right or wrong, my country." This is supposed to be the +shockingly immoral watchword of British patriotism. It matters nothing +to the German pamphleteer that the maxim is American, and that it is +never quoted in England--nor, I believe, in the country of its +origin--except in a spirit of irony. + +And in the face of this deadly uniformity of sentiments, phraseology, +and quotations, Professor Lasson has the audacity to assure us that +"The German is personally independent. He wants to judge for himself. +It is not so easy for him as for others blindly to follow this or that +catchword!" + +We are all, I suppose, unconscious of our own foibles, but I wonder +whether we are all so apt as the Germans to deny them (and very likely +attribute them to other people) while in the very act of exemplifying +them. For example, it is firmly fixed in the German mind that the +English consider themselves God's Chosen People, predestined to the +empire of the world. I have collected numerous instances of this +allegation (Nos. 453-466), but not a single one which is substantiated +by a quotation from an English writer. It is, I am convinced, +impossible to bring evidence for it, unless some expressions to this +effect may be found in the writings of persons who believe that the +English are descended from the lost Ten Tribes--persons who are about +as representative of the English nation as those who believe that the +earth is flat. The English mind, indeed, is but little inclined to +this primitive form of theism. The German mind, on the other hand, is +curiously addicted to it, and I have brought together a number of +instances (Nos. 117-135) in which German writers make the very claim +to Divine calling and election which they falsely attribute to the +English, and denounce as insanely presumptuous.[3] So, too, with +egoism. The Germans do not actually consider themselves free from +egoism; on the contrary, they are rather given to boasting of it (Nos. +212, 213, 248, 300); but while it is a virtue in them, it is a very +repulsive vice in the English. As for cant, which is, of course, the +commonest charge against the English, one can only say that, when the +German gives his mind to it, he proves himself an accomplished master +of the art (Nos. 47, 55, 79, 89, 94, 104, 237, 423). Here is an +example, from a book about Germany by a German-Austrian,[4] which +scarcely comes within the scope of my anthology, but it is too +characteristic to be lost. "_If you want_," says the writer, in +italics, "_thoroughly to understand the German, you must compare the +German sportsman with the hunters of other countries_. Then a sacred +thrill (_heiliger Schauer_) of deep understanding will come over your +heart." For the German sportsman "takes more pleasure in the life that +surrounds him and which he _protects_, than in the shot which only the +last hot virile craving (_Mannesgier_) wrings from him, and which he +fires only when he knows that he will _kill_, _painlessly kill_. For +this is the root principle of German sportsmanship: 'God grant me one +day such an end as I strive to bestow upon the game.' ... And if, by +mischance, the German sportsman wounds without killing a head of game, +he suffers with it, and does not sleep or rest till he has put it out +of its misery." If this be not very nauseous cant, where shall we seek +for it? + +Another curious German characteristic is the idea that, however +truculent and menacing a writer's expressions may be, other people do +him and his country a wicked injustice if they take him at his word. A +good instance of this occurs in "Ein starkes Volk--Ein starkes Heer," +by Kurd v. Strantz, published in 1914, shortly before the war. This +writer quotes (or rather misquotes) with enthusiasm from Goethe:-- + + Du musst steigen und gewinnen, + Du musst siegend triumphieren + Oder deinend unterliegen, + Amboss oder Hammer sein.[5] + +Next he proceeds to quote from Felix Dahn:-- + + Seitdem ist's freudig Germanenrecht + Mit dem Hammer Land zu erwerben. + Wir sind von des Hammergottes Geschlecht, + Und wollen sein Weltreich erben.[6] + +Then, on the same page, only four lines lower down, he remarks +plaintively:--"Foreign, and especially French, diplomacy is now +industriously spreading the calumny that the German Government and the +German people are given to rattling the sabre, and that we want to use +for aggressive ends the increased armament which has been forced upon +us." Is it mere hostile prejudice to hold that his own poetical +selections give a certain colour to the "calumny"? + +Most of the German attacks on England will be found, in the last +analysis, to rest on this quaint habit of mind--the habit of assuming +that, no matter how hostile and threatening Germany's words and deeds +might be, we had no right to do her the injustice of supposing that +she meant anything by them. We ought to have known that she was merely +"dissembling her love." + +Some readers may be disposed to regret that the great Germanic +trinity, Nietzsche-Treitschke-Bernhardi, contribute so largely to my +anthology. In the first place, it may be said, we are tired of their +names; in the second place, Germans deny that they have had anything +like the influence we attribute to them. There is a certain validity +in the first of these objections. The constant recurrence of these +three names is certainly a little tedious. They are like a +three-headed Charles I--or a triplicate Geibel. I would gladly have +omitted them had it been by any means possible. But one might as well +compile an Old Testament anthology and omit Isaiah, Jeremiah, and +Ezekiel. For, whatever the Germans may say, they are the major +prophets of the new-German spirit. Treitschke is the prophet of +tribalism, Nietzsche of ruthlessness, Bernhardi of ambition. It is +absurd to say that they are not influential. Treitschke may have +fallen somewhat out of fashion in the years immediately preceding the +war, but his spirit had permeated the political thought of a whole +generation. To the living influence of Nietzsche there is a host of +witnesses. Gerhart Hauptmann, near the beginning of the war, averred +that the cultured German soldier carried "Zarathustra," along with +"Faust" and the Bible, in his knapsack. Nor was this an idle guess. +Professor Deissmann, of Berlin, tells us that he enquired into the +matter, and learned from book-sellers that the books most in demand +among soldiers were the New Testament, "Faust" and "Zarathustra." +O.A.H. Schmitz, in "Das wirkliche Deutschland," says of the German +youth born in the 'seventies and early 'eighties that Nietzsche was +"the lighthouse toward which their enthusiasm was directed." Prof. +Wilhelm Bousset, of Goettingen, writes: "There is among us much unripe, +unclear Nietzsche enthusiasm: many a German ass has thrown the lion's +skin of the great man round his shoulders, and thinks he has thereby +become a philosopher and prophet." Such testimonies could be +multiplied indefinitely. There is no question that Nietzsche has been +by far the greatest single force among the spiritual shapers of +new-Germany. It may be true that he did not intend his "immoralism" to +be read literally as a guide to conduct--it may be true that, in some +of his most characteristic passages, he knew himself to be talking +reckless and dangerous nonsense (that was his way of "living +dangerously")--but can we reasonably suppose that soldiers in a +"conquered" country, soldiers full of the belief that any opposition +to Germanism was in itself a crime (see No. 344), paused to look +beneath his surface eulogies of murder and lust for some esoteric +meaning that may possibly underlie them? Can it be a mere coincidence +that, in the first war which Germany has waged since Nietzsche entered +upon his apostolate of ruthlessness, the German armies should have +been animated, to all appearance, by a literal interpretation of his +"beast of prey" ideal? + +As for Bernhardi, whom some German writers profess never to have heard +of until we began to talk about him in England, one can only say that +he is an ex-member of the Great General Staff, and is probably a +pretty faithful interpreter of the ideas prevalent in that not +un-influential organization. Moreover, his "Germany and the Next War," +which appeared in the spring of 1912, ran through five editions at 6 +marks before that year was out, and was then republished in a cheap +and somewhat condensed popular edition under the title of "Our +Future." Reviewing this edition, _Die Post_ says that, in its original +form, the book "was received with the most serious attention in +political and especially in military circles," and adds that this +cheaper reprint "_must_ now become a book for the people." + +It is an error, however, to suppose that a writer's importance is to +be measured solely by the influence he can be shown to have exerted. A +book or pamphlet may have had little or no active influence, and may +yet be a very illuminating symptom of the national frame of mind. +Every book must be an effect before it can become a cause. That +Treitschke, Nietzsche, and Bernhardi have been very efficient causes I +see no reason to doubt; but at any rate they are immensely significant +effects of the psychological conditions of which I am here gathering +up some random evidences. + +It was a more difficult question to decide whether the lucubrations of +Herr Houston Stewart Chamberlain came within my scope. Yet I had +little hesitation in including him. The fact that he is by birth an +Englishman does not make him any the less a characteristic and +recognized mouthpiece of the new-German spirit. It may be objected +that he caricatures it, that he is more German than the Germans. That, +in the first place, is impossible; in the second place, while we have +many evidences that Germans, from the Kaiser downward, set a high +value on Herr Chamberlain's writings, we hear little or nothing of any +protest against them as misrepresentations of "Deutschtum." Shall I be +suspected of a quaint perversity of national prejudice if I say that +Herr Chamberlain's war pamphlets are distinctly better reading than +the great majority of their kind? They are much more individual, much +less stereotyped and monotonous. One finds in them an occasional idea +that is not the common property of every man in the street. It is +generally (not always) a more or less crazy idea, but one hails it as +an oasis in the desert of blusterous commonplace. + +The arrangement of my little jewel-heap was more difficult, if less +laborious, than the ingathering. Many of my extracts, perhaps most, +might with equal appropriateness have been ranged under any one of +three or four rubrics. Thus my classification is at best rough and, to +some extent, arbitrary. There is, however, a certain reason in the +sequence of headings. The first section, "Deutschland ueber Alles," +represents the "badge of all the tribe"--the characteristic which lies +at the root of the whole mischief--Germany's colossal self-glorification, +self-adoration. If there is anything like it in history, it is unknown +to me. Other nations may have been as vain, but, not having the +printing-press so readily at command, they gave their vanity less +exuberant expression. Besides, they may have had a sense of humour. The +manifestations of this foible (if a thing of such tragic consequences +can be called by such a name) fall under certain sub-headings. It was +clear, for instance, that the vauntings of German Kultur must have a +compartment to themselves--likewise the assertions of a special +relation to God, the claims to the status of a Chosen People, and the +comparisons, direct and indirect, between Germany and Christ. Having +established, by means of a cloud of witnesses, the ruling passion of +the national mind, I present in the following section proofs of the +"Ambitions" in which this megalomania finds its natural utterance. In +the sections, "War-Worship," "Ruthlessness" and "Machiavelism," are +grouped evidences of the methods of force and fraud by which it was +hoped that these ambitions were to be realized. Then, in a final +section, I have assembled evidences of the inevitable corollary to +morbid self-adoration--the boundless and almost equally unprecedented +contempt and loathing for all adversaries, but especially for England. + +The great majority of my quotations are taken direct from the original +sources, the references being exactly given. I was scrupulous on this +point, not only that the reader might be able to test the accuracy and +fairness[7] of my work, but because I hoped that some one, some day, +might be moved to republish the anthology in the original German. One +cannot but think that, when the war-frenzy is over, a brief retrospect +of its extravagances may be salutary for the German spirit. In a +certain number of cases, however, I have not been able to give exact +references, because the originals have not been accessible to me. This +applies to my selections from three previous volumes of selections: +Nippold's "Der Deutsche Chauvinismus," Andler's "Collection de +documents sur le Pangermanisme," and Bang's "Hurrah and Halleluiah." +Andler's excellent and scholarly method has, however, enabled me to +"place" quotations from his collection to within a page or two. Thus, +if some very Pan-German utterance does not occur on the precise page I +have indicated, it will certainly be found on the preceding or on the +following page. + +Italics in my text always represent italics, or, rather, spaced type, +in the original; but Germans are very lavish in their use of spaced +type, and I have not always thought it necessary to reproduce this +peculiarity. Points of exclamation, unless enclosed in square +brackets, are the author's, not mine. I have almost always resisted +the temptation to employ typographical devices to enhance the lustre +of individual gems. In the Index of Authors I have added to many names +a brief note which will enable the reader to estimate the position of +the different writers in the public life of Germany. + +In bringing together my material, I have found valuable help in many +quarters. I should like especially to acknowledge my deep obligation +to Mr. Alexander Gray for manifold aid and suggestion. + + W.A. + +_6th December, 1916._ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] On the other hand, the almost equally remarkable warning to +recruits that they must be ready to shoot down their nearest and +dearest at the All-Highest command, is undoubtedly authentic. + +[2] In a pamphlet by Professor A. Lasson, entitled _Deutsche Art und +deutsche Bildung_, the adjective "deutsch" occurs 256 times in 42 +pages--sometimes 13 times in one page, often 10 or 11 times--and +always, of course, with a sort of unctuous implication that human +language contains no higher term of eulogy. This enumeration does not +include the constantly recurring "deutsch" in "Deutschland," nor the +frequently repeated "germanisch" and "teutonisch." + +[3] It may, of course, be possible to find many passages in which +English writers say that, as a matter of history, God, or Heaven, or +Providence, has given the British race great possessions throughout the +world--a fact which the Germans are the first to admit and resent. But +this is totally different from claiming a Divine mission to rule, or to +civilize, or to "heal" the world. + +[4] "Das Deutsche Volk in schwerer Zeit," by R.H. Bartsch, p. 118. + +[5] Thou must mount and win, thou must triumph in victory or else sink +into subjection--thou must be either anvil or hammer. + +[6] Since then 'tis the joyous German right with the hammer to win +land. We are of the race of the Hammer-God, and mean to inherit his +world-empire. [This poem appeared in 1878, was reprinted by the author +in 1900, in a selection from his own works, and is quoted in "Deutsche +Geschichte in Liedern," Vol I., p. 10. The last two lines form the +motto of Otto Richard Tannenberg's _Gross-Deutschland: die Arbeit des +20 Jahrhunerts_.] + +[7] It will be found by any one who puts the matter to the test that in +no case is there any unfairness in taking these brief extracts out of +their context. The context is almost always an aggravating rather than +an extenuating circumstance. + + + + +I + +"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES" + + + + +I + +"DEUTSCHLAND UeBER ALLES" + +=German Humility.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + + +1. No people ever attains to national consciousness without +over-rating itself. The Germans are always in danger of enervating +their nationality through possessing too little of this rugged +pride.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 19. + +_For further testimonies to German humility see Nos. 17, 20, 23, 36, +51, 106, 122, 206, 206b, 394._ + +2. The German people must rise as a master-folk above the inferior +peoples of Europe and the primitive peoples of the colonies.--G.U.M., +p. 8. + +2a. The German people is always right, because it is the German +people, and numbers 87 million souls.--O.R. TANNENBERG, G.D., p. 231. + +3. The French, under Napoleon, wanted to sacrifice the whole world to +their insatiable thirst for glory, and the English treat every barrier +opposed to their hunger for exploitation as a challenge to their +superiority. Great is the gulf that separates these cupidities from +the hitherto unrivalled moral elevation of the sense of honour in the +German people.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 220 (1901). + +_Compare Section V., "Machiavelism."_ + +4. My soul is heavy when I see the many enemies surrounding +Germany.... And my thoughts fly forward into the far future, and ask, +"Will there ever be a time when there is no more Germany?" ... How +poor and empty would the rich world then become! Then all men would +ask themselves, "How comes it that the peoples no longer understand +each other? Whither has that great, serene power departed, that +brought near the souls of the peoples, each to each? Who has shattered +the marvellous mirror from which the countenance of the world was +thoughtfully reflected?" Then they would strike their heads and their +breasts in despair, crying: "We have criminally robbed ourselves of +our wealth! The world, the great, rich world, has grown waste, poor, +and empty: the world has no longer a soul, she has no longer a +Germany!"--E. v. WILDENBRUCH (1889), quoted in D.R.S.Z., No. 12. + +5. The proud conviction forces itself upon us with irresistible power +that a high, if not the highest, importance for the entire development +of the human race is ascribable to this German people.--GENERAL v. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 72. + +6. The German is a hero born, and believes that he can hack and hew +his way through life.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 230. + +7. We are still child-like in our inmost feelings, innocent in our +pleasures, simple in our inclinations, in spite of individual +aberrations; we are still prolific, and our race multiplies, so that +our own soil has long been insufficient to support us all. It is +therefore doubly imperative for us to remain heroes, for who knows +whether the Germanic migrations are destined to remain isolated +phenomena in history! The peoples around us are either overripe fruits +which the next storm may bring to the ground, such as the Turks, +Greeks, Spaniards, Portuguese, and a great part of the Slavs; or they +are, indeed, proud of their race, but senile and artificial in their +Kultur, slow in their increase and boundless in their ambition, like +the French; or, confident in the unassailability of their country, +like the English and the Americans, they have forgotten justice and +made their selfishness the measure of all things. Who knows whether we +Germans are not the rod predestined for the chastening of these +degeneracies, who knows whether we may not again, like our fathers in +dim antiquity, have to gird on our swords and go forth to seek +dwelling-places for our increase?--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 159 (1893). + +8. We are distinguished from other nations by our honourable love for +outspoken convictions, which would make a cut-and-dried party system +distasteful to us.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 148. + +9. The surest means of serving the ends of humanity is to work at the +elaboration of our national personality, and to develop the full +strength of its crystalline radiance.--F. BLEY, W.D.D., p. 23. + +10. We have forced ourselves, though the last-comers, the virtual +upstarts, between the States which have earlier gained their place, and +now claim our share in the dominion of the world, after we have for +centuries been paramount only in the realm of the intellect.--GENERAL +v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 13. + +11. Why must teachers and schoolboys, year out, year in, worry about +the old Greeks and Romans? To foster idealism in the young, we are +told! But for that there is no need to go to Rome and Athens. Our +German history offers us ideals enough, and is richer in deeds of +heroism than Rome and Athens put together.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting +of the German Defence League, Cassel, Feb., 1913; NIPPOLD, D.C., p. +82. + +12. History teaches us that supreme treasure of humanity, German +idealism, can be preserved only in the stout bark of national +development.--F. BLEY, W.D.D., p. 23. + +_On Idealism, see also Nos. 45, 276, 442, 464._ + +13. A war fought and lost would destroy our laboriously gained +political importance ... would shake the influence of German thought +in the civilized world, and thus check the general progress of mankind +in its healthy development, for which a flourishing Germany is the +essential condition. Our next war will be fought for the highest +interests of our country and of mankind. This will invest it with +importance in the world's history. "World-power or downfall!" will be +our rallying-cry.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 154. + +14. In our German people, peaceful dispositions and war-like prowess +are so happily mixed that in this respect no other people on the +earth can rival us, and none seems so clearly predestined to light +humanity on the way to true progress.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 158 (1893). + +15. The Latin has no feeling for the beauty of a forest; when he takes +his repose in it he lies upon his stomach, while we rest upon our +backs.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 206. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +16. If we compare our time with the great eras of our fathers, we are +perfectly capable of a sober self-criticism. We have no use for +illusions and self-deceptions on the way to our indispensable +victory.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 10. + +17. Where in the whole world can a people be found who have such cause +for manly pride as we? But we are equally far removed from presumption +and from arrogance.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 117. + +18. As the German bird, the eagle, hovers high over all the creatures +of the earth, so also should the German feel that he is raised high +above all other nations who surround him, and whom he sees in the +limitless depth beneath him.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 143. + +19. Germany is our existence, our faith, the meaning and depth of the +world.--"On the German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., +p. 84. + +20. It is not only our enemies who, by their underground intrigues, +have sought to divert from us the sympathies of other peoples. If we +would speak frankly, we must admit that we ourselves are partly to +blame in the matter. A great part of the blame is due to our +insufficient self-esteem and self-valuation--an inveterate German +failing.--PROF. DR. R. JANNASCH, W.D.U.S., p. 22. + +21. Germany is the future of humanity.--"On the German God," by PASTOR +W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78. + +21a. God defend the noble cause of Deutschtum. There is no other hope +for the future of humanity.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, in _Hamburger +Nachrichten_, September, 1914. + +21b. We must vanquish, because the downfall of Germanism would mean +the downfall of humanity.--"Six War Sermons," by PASTOR K. KOeNIG, +quoted in H.A.H., p. 99. + +22. When the German stands leaning on his mighty sword, clad in steel +from top to toe, whosoever will may, down below, dance round his +feet--they may rail at him and throw mud at him, as the +"intellectuals" ... of England, France, Russia and Italy are now +doing--in his lofty repose he will not allow himself to be disturbed, +and will only reflect as did his ancestors. _Oderint dum +metuant._--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 131. + +23. We will not conceal from ourselves that these victories for which +our bells ring and our flags wave, and for which we thank our God, may +become a danger to us, should they make us vain and arrogant, +boastful and indolent! God forbid! We will hold fast to our old +modesty, with which we have so often been reproached, and which has +indeed often enough degenerated into the undervaluing of ourselves and +overvaluing of that which is foreign and despicable.--K. ENGELBRECHT, +D.D.D.K., p. 53. + +24. We must develop, not into "Europeans,'" but into ever higher +Germans.... What sort of a European would be formed by a mixture of +the heroic German with the calculating Englishman? If the result was a +man who thought half calculatingly and half heroically, it would be an +exaltation for the Englishman, but a degradation for the +German.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 125. + +25. If we come victorious out of this war, we shall be the first +people on the earth, a rich stream of gold will pour over our land, +and this greatness, these riches, may be a blessing to us if we always +remember that true greatness, true riches, lie only in the possession +of _moral_ advantages, and that to the fact of our possessing such +advantages we owe our success.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 33. + +26. Do you not see, Albion, that the German Michel,[8] on whom you +looked down with such contempt, is now transformed into the Archangel +Michael, and, encountering you with his flaming sword, triumphs over +the race of the fallen angels and all the offspring of hell.--F. +DELITZSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 13, p. 21. + +27. We must win, because, if we were defeated, no one in the _whole +world_ could any longer cherish any remnant of belief in truth and +right, in the Good, or, indeed, in any higher Power which wisely and +justly guides the destinies of humanity.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 8. + +28. Every great artistic achievement of France and Italy since the +time of the Romans can be traced to families and classes with a strong +mixture of German blood, and, especially in earlier times, to the +descendants of Germanic stocks, who had kept their blood, or at any +rate their nature (_Art_) pure.--H.A. SCHMID, D.R.S.Z., No. 25, p. 21. + +29. Germany is precisely--who would venture to deny it--the +representative of the highest morality, of the purest humanity, of the +most chastened Christianity. He, therefore, who fights for its +maintenance, its victory, fights for the highest blessings of humanity +itself, and for human progress. Its defeat, its decline, would mean a +falling back to the worst barbarism.--"War Sermons," by PASTOR H. +FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 68. + +30. No nation in the world can give us anything worth mentioning in +the field of science or technology, art or literature, which we would +have any trouble in doing without. Let us reflect on the inexhaustible +wealth of the German character, which contains in itself everything of +real value that the Kultur of man can produce.--PROF. W. SOMBART, +H.U.H., p. 135. + +31. We have in Germany the best Press in the world, and are in that +respect superior to all other countries.--PROF. A.V. HARNACK, +W.W.S.G., p. 19. + +32. Germany's fight against the whole world is in reality the battle +of the spirit against the whole world's infamy, falsehood, and +devilish cunning.--"On the German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted +in H.A.H., p. 81. + +33. German patriotism strikes its deep roots into the fruitful soil of +a heroic view of the world, and around its crown there gleam the rays +of the highest spiritual and artistic culture.--PROF. W. SOMBART, +H.U.H., p. 71. + +34. This combination of clearness of purpose and heroic spirit of +sacrifice was unknown in world-history before August, 1914. Not till +then was the new German human being born.... Is this new creation to +be the human being of the future?--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 103. + +35. Verily it has long been an honour and a joy, a source of renown +and of happiness, to be a German--the year 1914 has made it a title +of nobility.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. +133. + +36. When Luther, in the domain of religion, characterized as +unevangelical the conception of merit and reward, and energetically +banished the huckster-spirit from religious feeling, he opened to the +German thought the widest possibilities of victory.... A specially +Germanic way of feeling, a Germanic modesty and distinction of +thought, was here powerfully promoted by means of the Gospel. True +distinction is always modest, in the sense of being unobtrusive and +not bragging of deserts!--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 56. + +37. Since the great German Renaissance of the new humanism, the +Hellenic has become the truly German.... As the Peloponnesian War +divided the States of Hellas into two camps, so this war has divided +the States of Europe. But this time it will be Athens and her +spiritual power that will conquer.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, +p. 40. + +38. After the conclusive victories for which we may confidently hope +... the whole habitable earth will far more than hitherto bend its +gaze upon us, to marvel at (_anzustaunen_) our standard-setting +[artistic] achievements.--G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 23. + +39. A theory of the origin of species remained in England a series of +isolated observations, which pointed to certain conjectures; in +Germany it was transformed with resolute daring into an all-embracing +whole. PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 33. + +40. Never have ye seen a strong people and Empire in whiter garments +of peace. We offered you palm branches, we offered you justice, ye +offered us envy and hate.--J. HORT, quoted in H.A.H., p. 51. + +41. Take heed that ye be counted among the blessed, who show declining +England, depraved Belgium, licentious France, uncouth Russia, the +unconquerable youthful power and manhood of the German people, in a +manner never to be forgotten.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, +quoted in H.A.H., p. 131. + +42. We may be sure that our French adversaries, when at Metz and St. +Quentin our hosts hurled themselves upon them, saw above us in the +clouds the Germans of 1870, and even the Prussians of 1813, once more +swooping down upon them, and shuddered at the spectacle. And, in spite +of all the boasting of Sir John [Bull], our cousins from beyond the +sea must long ago have recognized that it is better to fight _with_ +Prussians against the French, than _vice versa_.--PROF. G. ROETHE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 29. + +43. He who, in these days, sets forth to defend the German hearth, +sets forth in a holy fight ... in which one stakes life itself, this +single, sweet, beloved life, for the life of a whole nation, a nation +which is God's seed-corn for the future.--"On the German God," by +PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78. + +44. Our enemies are fighting us in order to restore to the world the +freedom, the Kultur, which we threaten. What monstrous mendacity! +Reproduce if you can the German national school teacher, the German +upper-master, the German university professor! You have lagged far +behind us, you are hopelessly inferior! Hence your chagrin, your envy, +your fear! Powerless to rival us, you foam with hate and rage, you +make unblushing calumny your weapon, and would like to exterminate us, +to wipe us off the face of the earth, in order to free yourselves from +your burden of shame.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 38. + +45. We take refuge in our quite peculiar idealism, and dream--alas, +aloud!--of our ideal mission for the saving (_Heil_) of mankind. +Foreign countries turn away enraged from such unheard-of +self-glorification and are quite certain that, behind the +high-sounding words, the arrogance of "Prussian militarism" is +concealed.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 64. + +46. The future must lead France once again to our side, we will heal +it of its aberrations, and, in brotherly subordination to us, it may +share with us the task of guiding the fate of the world.... As we feel +ourselves free from hatred toward the kindred Kultur-people of France, +we have taken up the gauntlet with Teutonic pride, and we will use our +weapons so that the admiration of the world, and of our enemies +themselves, shall be accorded to us.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 26. + +47. When we were attacked, our German wrath awakened, and when we +could not but recognize in the attack a long-plotted treason against +our love of peace, our wrath became fierce and wild. Then, no doubt, +some of us spoke, in our first excitement, of hatred; but this was a +misinterpretation of our feeling. Seeing ourselves hated, we imagined +that hate must be answered with hate; but our German spirit (_Gemuet_) +was incapable of that passion. Lienhard rightly ... deplores the form +of the popular Hymn of Hate against England, which, characteristically +enough, proceeds from a poet of Jewish race.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., +p. 68. + +48. Under the protection of the greatest of armies, we have laboured +at scientific, social, and economic progress; our enemies trusted to +the rule of force and to chatter.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 44. + +49. Work as untiringly as we, think with as much energy, and we will +welcome you as equals at our side.... Imitate us and we will honour +you. Seek to constrain us by war, and we will thrash you to +annihilation, and despise you as a robber pack.--PROF. A. LASSON, +D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 38. + + +=The Gentle German.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +50. The German Army (in which I of course include the Navy) is to-day +the greatest institute for moral education in the world.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 78. + +51. It is true that the breast of every soldier swelled with a noble +pride at the thought that he was privileged to wear the German +uniform, which history has made a garb of honour above all others; but +as for arrogance, not one of them, thank God, was capable of the +stupidity which alone can engender it.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. +32. + +52. From all sides testimonies are flowing in as to the noble manner +in which our troops conduct the war.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. +RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 124. + +52a. We thank our German Army that it has kept spotless the shield of +humanity and chivalry. It is true we believe that every bone of a +German soldier, with his heroic heart and immortal soul, is worth more +than a cathedral.--PROF. W. KAHL, D.R.S.Z., No. 6, p. 5. + +52b. We see everywhere how our soldiers respect the sacred +defencelessness of woman and child.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. 1, +p. 23. + +52c. The German soldiers alone are thoroughly disciplined, and have +never so much as hurt a hair of a single innocent human being.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 69. + +53. The depth of the German spirit displays itself also in _respect +for morality and discipline_.... How often, in these days, has the +German soldier been subjected to the temptation to treat the +inhabitants of foreign countries with violence and brutality. But +everywhere he has obeyed the law, and shown that even in war he knows +how to distinguish between the enemy to be crushed and defenceless +women and children. The officials and clergy of conquered territory +have frequently borne express testimony to this fact.--PASTOR M. +HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 57. + +54. The losses we suffer are--even if the losses of the enemy were ten +times more numerous--infinitely greater in value and infinitely more +painful.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 8. + +54a. One single highly cultured German warrior, of those who are, alas! +falling in thousands, represents a higher intellectual and moral +life-value than hundreds of the raw children of nature (_Naturmenschen_) +whom England and France, Russia and Italy, oppose to them.--PROF. E. +HAECKEL, E.W., p. 36. + +54b. When one of our ships has to sink, its going-down is even more +glorious than a victory.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. +iii., p. 48. + +55. Where German soldiers had to seize the incendiary torch, or even +to proceed to the slaughter of citizens, it was only in pursuance of +the rights of war, and for protection in real need. Had they obeyed +the dictates of their hearts, they would rather have shared their soup +and bread with the defenceless foe.... This spirit of humanity we will +preserve and cherish to the end.--PROF. W. KAHL, D.R.S.Z., No. 6, p. +5. + +56. Lastly, we must not forget the German humour.... It sometimes +proceeds from a firm faith in God, sometimes from a cheerful optimism, +always from a serenity of spirit which nothing can disturb. Thus +German soldiers out in the field, the moment there is a pause in the +fighting, set about trying to ride on the camel which they have taken +from the Zouaves.... So, too, a non-commissioned officer, during a +fight, admonishes a soldier: "Shoot quietly, Kowalski, shoot quietly! +You'll frighten away the whole French Army of the North with your +confounded banging!"--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 59. + +57. Apart from the fighting quality of these troops, their peaceful +work behind all the fronts bears witness to a thorough spiritual +culture (_Bildung_) and a living organization such as the world has +never seen, and this again indicates an average level of culture in +all grades--of spiritual development and moral responsibility--to +which no people in the world can show anything in the smallest degree +comparable.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 19. + +58. Even when, for once, a Latin writer is favourably disposed towards +Germany ... he can see in what moves his admiration nothing but animal +vitality. "This terrible Germany," he says, "like a wonderful beast of +the jungle, springs upon all its foes and fixes its fangs in them." +How sadly he here misinterprets the nature of German heroism!--G. +MISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 9. + +59. It is characteristic that our cruiser _Wilhelm der Grosse_, in +order to spare the women and children on board, let an English +merchant ship pass unharmed,[9] which by International Law it has the +right to sink ... and then come Messieurs the English and repay this +act of magnanimity by sinking the same cruiser in a neutral harbour, +contrary to all International Law.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. 1, +p. 23. + +60. The absence of any sort of animosity towards other people is a +striking characteristic of the Germans--and of the Germans +alone.[10]--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 12. + +_See also No. 497._ + + +=The Great Misunderstood.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +61. It has been said that it is un-German to wish to be only German. +That again is a consequence of our spiritual wealth. We understand all +foreign nations; none of them understands us, and none of them can +understand us.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 135. + +62. The historian and economist Sombart has said: "We understand all +foreign nations, no foreign nation understands or can understand us." +In these words he rejects all community of Kultur with other peoples, +and especially the so-called "Western European Ideas."--O.A.H. +SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 124. + +63. In the world of the spirit, the victory of German thought seemed +already almost decided. For it was able to comprehend the others, but +they could not comprehend it.--G. MISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 19. + +64. We are still the most wide-hearted and receptive of people, a +people that cannot live if it does not make its own the spiritual +values of the other peoples. We can already say that we know the outer +world better than they know us.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 35. + +65. Whole-hearted understanding for another people can be fully +attained only by treason to one's own nature, to one's own national +personality. That is what makes the renegade so hateful, and those +unpatriotic half-men, the intellectuals and aesthetes.--PROF. M. V. +GRUBER, D.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 14. + +66. The German is docile and eager to learn. His interest embraces +everything, and most of all what is foreign. He is disposed to admire +everything foreign and to underrate what is his own. With foreigners +it is just the other way. We Germans know about them, but they know +absolutely nothing about us.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 34. + +67. Apart from what Professor Larsen has said in Denmark, and Dr. Gino +Bertolini in Italy, about German militarism ... we may designate as +nonsense everything that foreigners, in low or in high estate, have +recently said on this subject. This is a new proof of the fact that +foreigners cannot understand us, apart from a few outstanding +personalities whom a kind fate has borne aloft to the heights of the +German spirit.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 82. + +_See also Nos. 136-145._ + + +=Kultur.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +68. The _Kultur_ of the Germans [_Germanen_] is actually the stimulus +to our present European _Civilization_ with which we are conquering +the world.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 31. + +69. Germanism, when it rightly understands itself, and remains true to +its nature, is childlike and manlike, at once tender and strong, full +of genuinely human simplicity, and therefore of irreplaceable value to +Kultur.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 27 (1890). + +70. The champions of the so-called race-idea are clear as to the +importance of the Germanic race for our civilization and Kultur.... +Their meritorious work has converted the dim divinings of instinct +into the certainty of knowledge; and yet a sense of oppression steals +upon us when we think of what still remains to be done (as they all +agree) against a hostile world in arms, both of the flesh and of the +spirit--a world of treachery and hypocrisy, of error and of +fanaticism, of stupidity and of craft.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 50. + +70a. Kultur is best promoted when the strongest individual Kultur, +that of a given nation, enlarges its field of activity at the expense +of the other national Kulturs. If we one day come into conflict with +the Martians, then humanity--all the peoples of the earth--will have +common interests: but not until then.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 46. + +71. I cannot accept the definition of Kultur which identifies it with +"form," with the harmonious "rhythm" which, in the English, for +example, permeates and unifies everything, from the highest spiritual +life to clothes, footwear and table manners.... I am of opinion that +we shall apply to this care for "form," for "rhythm," and whatever +results from it, the name of "civilization," reserving the nobler word +"Kultur" for higher values, and that we should look to our army and +the corps of officers to endow us with, and educate us in, these +higher values.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 217 (1901). + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +72. Our belief is that the salvation of the whole Kultur of Europe +depends upon the victory which German "militarism" is about to +achieve.--Manifesto signed by 3,500 "Hochschullehreren" (professors +and lecturers), quoted by PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. +ii, p. 33. + +73. If Fate has selected us to assume the leadership in the +Kultur-life of the peoples, we will not shrink from this great and +lofty mission.--G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 23. + +74. At bottom we Germans are fighting for the same thing which the +Greeks defended against the Persians, the Romans against the +Carthaginians and Egyptians, the Franks against Islam: namely, the +chivalrous European way of thinking, which is ever being threatened by +brutal force and puling baseness. We stand once more at a watershed of +Kultur.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 119. + +75. If we are beaten--which God and our strong arm forbid--all the +higher Kultur of our hemisphere, which it was our mission to guard, +sinks with us into the grave.--PROF. A. v. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October, +1914, p. 26. + +76. That it will be German Kultur that will send forth its rays from +the centre of our continent, there can be no possible doubt.--PROF. O. +v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 19. + +77. We are indeed entrusted here on earth with a doubly sacred +mission: not only to protect Kultur ... against the narrow-hearted +huckster-spirit of a thoroughly corrupted and inwardly rotten +commercialism (_Jobbertum_), but also to impart Kultur in its most +august purity, nobility and glory to the whole of humanity, and +thereby contribute not a little to its salvation.--EIN DEUTSCHER, +W.K.B.M., p. 40. + +78. [Germany has neglected] the highest duty of every Kultur-State--to +carry its Kultur into foreign parts, and to win the confidence and +affection of other peoples.--F. v. LISZT, E.M.S., p. 12. + +79. The idea of the exclusive justification of one's own Kultur which +is innate in the French and English, is foreign to us. But we are +conscious of the incomparable value of German Kultur, and will for the +future guard it against being adulterated by less valuable imports. +We do not force it upon any one, but we believe that its own inner +greatness will everywhere procure it the recognition which is its +due.--PROF. O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 25. + +80. The more German Kultur remains faithful to itself, the better will +it be able to enlighten the understanding of the foreign races +absorbed, incorporated into the Empire, and to make them see that only +from German Kultur can they derive those treasures which they need for +the fertilizing of their own particular life.--PROF. O. V. GIERKE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 19. + +81. We will not in the future let foreign idols be forced upon us, but +will serve our own Gods.--PROF. RUDOLF EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October, +1914, p. 74. + +82. Germanism was for several decades, in spite of the mighty and +over-towering height of its Kultur, hindered in the imparting of this +Kultur to other nations. In the first years after the war [of 1870] +this was not painfully felt, as a powerful _exchange of Kultur_ was +still in progress between different parts of the German Empire.... But +when this exchange of Kultur between the German stocks had run its +course, and the Germanization of the frontier districts [Poland, +Alsace] had reached its limit, then the spiritual need of the German +victor and conqueror began to make itself felt. He became a teacher +without scholars, he had no longer an audience.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. +11. + +_See also No. 235a._ + +83. Our German Kultur has, in its unique depth, something shrinking +and severe (_Sproedes und Herbes_), it does not obtrude itself, or +readily yield itself up; it must be earnestly sought after and +lovingly assimilated from within. This love[11] was lacking in our +neighbours; wherefore they easily came to look upon us with the eyes +of hatred.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 74. + +84. And the graves which border the path to glory of the Romans, the +Germans, the British and the French, the stench of robbery, plunder +and theft which hangs around these millions of graves? Must Kultur +rear its domes over mountains of corpses, oceans of tears, and the +death-rattle of the conquered? YES, IT MUST! [There follows an image +too grotesquely indecent to be quoted.] Either one denies altogether +the beneficent effect of Kultur upon humanity, and confesses oneself +an Arcadian dreamer, or one allows to one's people the right of +domination--in which case the might of the conqueror is the highest +law of morality, before which the conquered must bow. _Vae +victis!_--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 10. + +85. The whole of European Kultur ... is brought to a focus on this +German soil and in the hearts of the German people. It would be +foolish to express oneself on this point with modesty and reserve. We +Germans represent the latest and the highest achievement of European +Kultur.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., No. 4, p. 13. + +86. The Kultur-mission of a people is fulfilled when there are no +longer any people of the same race and kindred to which their Kultur +has still to be imparted.... Our Kultur-mission has in view some +hundred millions of Slavs, and draws its geographical frontier-line at +the Ural Mountains.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 13. + +87. The attempt of Napoleon to graft the Kultur of Western Europe upon +the empire of the Muscovite ended in failure. To-day history has made +us Germans the inheritors of the Napoleonic idea.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., +p. 17. + +87a. It is perhaps the stupidest of the suspicions under which we +labour that we aim at a world-empire after the Roman fashion, and wish +to thrust our Kultur on the conquered peoples.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 29, p. 26. + +88. We, however, will not let ourselves be diverted by all this hatred +and envy from our striving towards a world-Kultur. We will busily and +cheerfully work on at the elevation of the whole human race.--PROF. +R. EUCKEN, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 74. + +89. More than a hundred years ago (1808) Johan Gottlieb Fichte, in his +ever-memorable _Speeches to the German Nation_, proclaimed the German +people to be the only people in Europe which had preserved its +primitive genuineness (_urspruengliche Echtheit_), and therefore its +spiritual creative faculty, and found the transition from his previous +cosmopolitan way of thinking to flaming national enthusiasm, in the +idea that this people was called to be the upholder of world-Kultur, +and that it was therefore its duty to humanity to look to its own +preservation.--PROF O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23. + +90. We claim only the free development of our individuality, and are +only fighting against the attempt to throttle it, while contrariwise +our enemies are conducting an aggressive war, which they have to +disguise as a Kultur-war in order to make it appear defensive.--PASTOR +E. TROELTSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 27, p. 27. + +91. The highest steps of Kultur have not been mounted by peaceable +nations in long periods of peace, but by warlike peoples in the time +of their greatest combativeness.--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., p. 4. + +92. German Kultur is moral Kultur. Its superiority is rooted in the +unfathomable depth of its moral constitution. Should it forfeit its +moral purity, it would cease to be German.--PROF. O. V. GIERKE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23. + +92a. The further we can carry our Kultur into the East, the more, and +the more profitable, outlets shall we find for our wares. Economic +profit is of course not the main motive of our Kultur-activity, but it +is no unwelcome by-product.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 35. + +93. The individual Frenchman may fight as heroically as he pleases, +his cause is nevertheless lost, because he does not believe that where +the German element has never penetrated, or has penetrated only to +disappear again, no development of Kultur, in the true sense of the +word, is possible.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 26. + +94. But what about Louvain and Rheims? Has not war, the rude and +ruthless destroyer, trodden down glorious cities and priceless +buildings that might claim to rank among the greatest Kultur-treasures +of humanity? Exactly the opposite may be said: war has in these cases +led the way to a really clear recognition of the value to humanity of +these Kultur-treasures! The cry of indignation which went up against +us had long before made itself heard in our own breasts in view of the +thoughtlessness and indifference, nay, the frivolity with which these +immeasurable values had been ruthlessly exposed to destruction by +nations which have always plumed themselves excessively on their +western Kultur.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 14. + +94a. The fury of our gunners at the enemy's unprincipled use of the +cathedral of Rheims as a means of defence, was doubtless mingled with +indignation and disgust at being _compelled_ to do injury to a +priceless work of art. But no phrase-making aestheticism, thank God, +such as our neighbours cultivate, rendered us untrue to the conviction +that, when all is said and done, every drop of blood of the meanest of +our brave soldiers is worth more than any individual work of artistic +Kultur.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 14. + +_See also Nos. 7, 30, 46, 62, 115, 123, 151, 160, 186, 187, 232, 239a, +242, 248a, 262-268._ + + +=Der deutsche Gott.=[12] + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +95. If God is for us, who can be against us? It is enough for us to be +a part of God.--"On the German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 77. + +96. We have become a nation of wrath; we think only of the war.... We +execute God's Almighty will, and the edicts of His justice we will +fulfil, imbued with holy rage, in vengeance upon the ungodly. God +calls us to murderous battles, even if worlds should thereby fall to +ruins.... We are woven together like the chastening lash of war; we +flame aloft like the lightning; like gardens of roses our wounds +blossom at the gates of Heaven.--F. PHILIPPI, quoted in H.A.H., p. 52. + +97. The principle which the Kaiser impressed on his soldiers lives in +his own soul: "Each must so do his duty that, when he shall one day +answer the heavenly bugle-call, he may stand forth with a good +conscience before his God and his old Kaiser."--PASTOR M. HENNIG, +D.K.U.W., p. 21. + +_Compare No. 247._ + +98. Thou who dwellest high in Thy Heaven, above Cherubim, Seraphim, +and Zeppelins, Thou who art enthroned as a God of thunder in the midst +of lightning from the clouds, and lightning from sword and cannon, +send thunder, lightning, hail and tempest hurtling upon our enemy ... +and hurl him down to the dark burial-pits.--_Battle Prayer_, by +PASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 40. + +99. Is the living God, the God whom one can only have and understand +in the spirit of Jesus Christ, is He the God of those others? No; they +serve at best Satan, the father of lies!--"War Sermons," by PASTOR H. +FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 72. + +100. England is our worst enemy, and we will fight her till we have +overthrown her! So may it please our Great Ally, who stands behind the +German battalions, behind our ships and U-boats, and behind our +blessed "militarism"!--E. v. HEYKING, D.W.E., p. 23. + +101. The German soul is the world's soul, God and Germany belong to +one another.--"On the German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 83. + +102. On this planet, as a result of millenniums of development, has it +come to this, that Germany--and in a wider sense _Germanism_, within +and without the Empire--has become an instrument of God, an +indispensable, irreplaceable instrument of God? This question I ask, +and I answer it in the affirmative.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 15. + +103. The French, of course, count on the possibility that Germany may +be weakened in the further course of the war, and at last beaten by +the Russian Army and the English Fleet. This we do not believe, +because we know Germany and hold the alliance between Providence and +our people to be a matter of necessity.--F. NAUMANN, Member of the +Reichstag, D.U.F., p. 19. + +104. The difficult Christian commandment, "Love your enemies," is +nowhere more easily obeyed than in war! There is much talk about +"hate" against England. But how do our warriors greet each other? +"Gott strafe England!" They thus invoke God, but not the God of +hatred, of vengeance, but the God of justice. It is the just God at +whose hands we hope for the punishment of the unjust man or +nation.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 19. + +105. It might come to pass that we succumbed in this fight of +righteousness and purity against falsehood and deceit. That could only +happen, I am sure, over the dead body of the last German--but should +it happen, I assert that we should all die happy in the consciousness +of having defended God against the world.--"On the German God," by +PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 79. + +106. We are beginning slowly, humbly, and yet with a deep gladness, to +divine God's intentions. It may sound proud, my friends, but we are +conscious that it is also in all humbleness that we say it: the German +soul is God's soul: it shall and will rule over mankind.--"On the +German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 83. + +107. The German God is not only the theme of some of our poets and +prophets, but also a historian like Max Lenz has, with fiery tongue +and in deep thankfulness, borne witness to the revelation of the +German God in our holy war. The German, the national, God!... Has war +in this case impaired, or has it steeled religion? I say it has +steeled it.... This is no relapse to a lower level, but a mounting up +to God Himself.--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 16. + +108. [Extract from a letter[13] to Chamberlain.] "It is my firm belief +that the country to which God gave Luther, Goethe, Bach, Wagner, +Moltke, Bismarck and William I., has still a great mission before it, +to work for the welfare of humanity. God has put us to a hard +probation ... that we may the better serve as His instrument for the +saving of mankind; for we were on the point of becoming untrue to our +old-established nature (_Wesen_). He who has imposed upon us this +ordeal will also help us out of it."--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 13. + +109. What a difference is there between armies, one of which carries +its God in its heart, whilst the others think they can conquer by the +weight of their numbers, by cunning tricks of devilish cruelty, by +shameless contempt for the provisions of International Law.--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 121. + +110. Even the Crusaders with their cry of "God wills it!" were not so +penetrated by the Christian spirit as our warriors whose motto is, "As +God will!"--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 19. + +111. + + Ortelsburg und Gilgenburg, + Dazu als Sieger Hindenburg, + Das sind der Burgen drei, + Die vierte, die ist auch dabei: + Die macht der Feinde Tun zu Spott, + Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott. + +Translation: Ortelsburg and Gilgenburg [two places in East Prussia] +with victory for Hindenburg--that makes three "Burgs" in all. Nor is a +fourth "Burg" wanting: one that puts to shame the efforts of our +enemies: for "Ein' feste Burg ist unser Gott."--Quoted by M. HENNIG, +D.K.U.W., p. 82. + +112. On us Germans the eye of God, we take it, must especially rest in +this war: we must be His ultimate purpose.--"On the German God," by +PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 89. + +113. For a just cause, the German is ready to sacrifice life, blood, +gold and goods. Once more, as of old, David goes forth against +Goliath. The German people says with David: "Thou comest to me with a +sword and with a spear and with a javelin; but I come to thee in the +name of the Lord of Hosts," in the name of faith, right and truth. +Great is his might who has these powers on his side; for the living +God stands behind him.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 65. + +114. The kingdom of God must now assert itself against the kingdom of +all that is base, evil and vile: the kingdom of light against the +kingdom of darkness. Against a world of superhuman evil ... the power +of superhuman justice, truth and love goes out to battle.--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 125. + +115. One thing, I think, is clear, God must stand on our side. We +fight for right and truth, for Kultur and civilization, and human +progress, and true Christianity, against untruthfulness and hypocrisy +and falseness, and un-Kultur and barbarism and brutality. All human +blessings, aye, and humanity itself, stand under the protection of our +bright weapons.--"War Sermons," by PASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H. &. +H., p. 65. + +116. There lurks in our people something of the God-consciousness +which inspired the Old Testament prophets. Very childlike indeed, but +of far deeper meaning than he could guess, was the saying of a little +boy to his playmate at the outbreak of war: "I am not in the least +afraid! The good God will help us, for he is German!"--K. ENGELBRECHT, +D.D.D.K., p. 45. + +_See also Nos. 43, 145, 312, 316._ + + +=The Chosen People and its Mission.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +117. He who does not believe in the Divine mission of Germany had +better hang himself, and rather to-day than to-morrow.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 17. + +118. Now we understand why the other nations pursue us with their +hatred: they do not understand us, but they are sensible of our +enormous spiritual superiority. So the Jews were hated in antiquity, +because they were the representatives of God on earth.--PROF. W. +SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 142. + +119. God has in Luther practically chosen the German people, and that +can never be altered, for is it not written in Romans xi., 29, "For +the gifts and calling of God are without repentance."--DR. PREUSS,[14] +quoted in H.A.H., p. 223. + +120. I want first to make it clear in what sense we may say, without +extravagance or the least trace of self-exaltation: Germany is chosen. +Germany is chosen, for her own good and that of other nations, to +undertake their guidance. Providence has placed the appointed people, +at the appointed moment, ready for the appointed task.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 25. + +121. There is a gospel saying which bursts the bonds of its original +historical meaning and takes new wings in the storm of the world-war, +a saying which we may well take as the consecration of our German +mission: "Ye are the salt of the earth! ye are the light of the +world!"[15]--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., p. 24. + +122. It is no foolish over-valuation of ourselves, no aggressive +arrogance, no want of humility, when we more and more let Bismarck's +faith prevail within us, that God has taken the German nation under +His special care, or in any case has some special purpose in view for +it.--"On the German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. +86. + +123. Then a newly purified and newly strengthened German folk-soul +would arise out of the war, to new thoughts and new deeds, to a new +sense of its world-mission--that of imparting to the other peoples, in +a pure spirit, the achievements of its Kultur, so that all lands may +be filled with the glory of God.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 63. + +124. As heralds of God's will, messengers of His word, witnesses of +His benefactions to the world, we shall take up our work after the +war, and with German endurance and German industry, with German +competence and German faithfulness, with German faith and German +piety, we shall permeate, in the name of God, a world which has become +poor and desolate.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 128. + +125. When these storms have done their work, Germany's purest mission +begins: to become a place of refuge, a holy grove for all the seekers +of the earth, a central land, a land of wisdom, a land of morals.--F. +LIENHARDT, quoted in H.A.H., p. 51. + +126. The divination or the assurance of this special calling [on the +part of God] has long been present to the best among the German +people; many quotations to this effect (for example, Geibel's lines) +are to-day in everybody's mouth. Deeper thoughts are aroused by a +less-known remark of Richard Wagner's: "A great mission, scarcely +comprehensible to other nations, is unquestionably reserved for the +whole German character (_Anlage_)"; this character he defines as "the +spirit of pure humanity," and the mission of the Germans as "the +ennoblement of the world...." Not to believe in this mission is folly, +is treason.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 14. + +127. God's people will come forth from this war strengthened and +crowned with victory, because they stand on the side of God; but all +God's adversaries will find out that God will not be mocked, and that +He rules the history of the nations according to His will.--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 134. + +128. A good Providence watches over the fate of the German people, +which is destined to the highest things on this earth.--PROF. W. +SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 67. + +129. Brethren and sisters! in a moment we ... have become the heirs of +Israel, the people of the Old Testament covenant. We shall be the +bearers of God's promises.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted +in H.A.H., p. 116. + +130. As was Israel among the heathen, so is Germany among the modern +nations--the pious heart of Europe.--"My German Fatherland," by PASTOR +TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 136. + +131. We hope that a great mission will be allotted to us Germans ... +and this German mission is: to look after the world (_zu sorgen fuer +die Welt_). Is it arrogance to write such a phrase? Is it vanity in +the disguise of a moral idea? No, no, and again no.--PASTOR G. TRAUB, +D.K.U.S., p. 23. + +132. Friedrich Nietzsche was but the last of the singers and seers +who, coming down from the height of heaven, brought to us the tidings +that there should be born from us the Son of God, whom in his language +he called the Superman.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 53. + +133. Verily the Bible is our book.... It was given and assigned to us, +and we read in it the original text of our destiny, which proclaims to +mankind salvation or disaster--according as _we_ will it!--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 134. + +134. We want to become a world-people. Let us remind ourselves that +the belief in our mission as a world-people has arisen from our +originally purely spiritual impulse to absorb the world into +ourselves.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 37. + +135. Germany is the centre of God's plans for the world.--"On the +German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 78. + +_See also Nos. 75, 77, 239._ + + +"=Other Peoples.=" + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +136. We had greatly over-valued all other nations, even the French. +The French are a people on the down grade.--THE KAISER, to HERR A. +FENDRICH, quoted in H.A.H., p. 55. + +137. All the deep things: courage, patriotism, faithfulness, moral +purity, conscience, the sense of duty, activity on a moral basis, +inward riches, intellect, industry, and so forth [!]--no other nation +possesses all these things in such high perfection as we do.--"On the +German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 76. + +138. Fichte was right in calling us the people of the soul (_Gemuet_) +... [in the sense that] the depth of feeling common to us Germans has +become a power controlling our activity and permeating our history, to +a degree unknown to any other people. In this sense we have a right to +say that we form the soul of humanity, and that the destruction of the +German nature (_Art_) would rob world-history of its deepest +meaning.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, W.B.D.G., p. 23. + +139. Bach, Goethe, Schiller, Beethoven, these men signify for us a +spiritual rebirth, such as never happens to other peoples, all of whom +only grow old, and can never become young again.--H. V. WOLZOGEN, +G.Z.K., p. 49. + +139a. Other peoples are young, grow to maturity and then begin to +age.... We Germans have often been old, but, thank God, we have as +often been _quite_ young.... How young do we not feel ourselves in +contradistinction to these Englishmen and Frenchmen.--PROF. G. ROETHE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 25. + +140. No other people, not even the Greeks, have so understood +childhood as the Germans. It is we who, in the work of Campe ["The +Swiss Family Robinson"] have created children's literature,[16] and +still hold the lead in that department; it is we who provide the +whole world with children's toys. That is possible only because we +have the power of identifying ourselves with the child-soul, and this +we could not do if we had not in our own innermost soul something +childlike, simple, primitive.--PROF. R. EUCKEN, W.B.D.G., p. 13. + +141. The identical ring that we put into the singing of "Ein'feste +Burg ist unser Gott" and "Deutschland, Deutschland ueber Alles," is +something that cannot be found among the other peoples, because they +lack the freshness of national feeling, because they are +degenerate.--K. ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 68. + +142. I look upon it as absolutely the deepest feature of the German +character, this passionate love of right, of justice, of morality. +This is something which the other nations have not got.--"On the +German God," by PASTOR W. LEHMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 79. + +143. The period of political chaos a hundred years ago was a blessing +for the Germans, who at that time were able to grow deep, while other +nations were growing superficial.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 129. + +144. Our German peace is an essential factor in our Kultur. Such a +love of peace is itself of moral value, but in the person of the +Kaiser it finds a consciously religious expression ... and when the +Kaiser has to summon his people to a war which he has not willed, +there at once awakes in the whole people the religious spirit peculiar +to itself, of which the other peoples--unless it be the Turks!--have +no conception, it matters not whether they have already dethroned +"Dieu" or have "the Lord" forever in their mouths!--H. V. WOLZOGEN, +D.Z.K., p. 46. + +145. But this same Demon of Baseness, who has subdued the other +peoples, was busily at work in Germany as well: ten years more, and +God would perhaps have found no one in the world to fight for +him.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, D.Z., p. 11. + +_See also Nos. 7, 8, 14, 31, 44, 321._ + + +=Christ.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +146. The soldier who spat in the face of the thorn-crowned Saviour did +not act more shamelessly than does England now.--"The True Unity," by +PASTOR TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 146. + +147. Is there anyone who does not know why England declared war? +Why?... From jealousy. From shopkeeper-spite. Because she wanted to +earn the thirty pieces of silver.--"The World-Politics of England," by +PASTOR G. TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 143. + +148. We could draw many instructive parallels: we could say that as +Jesus was treated so also have the German people been treated.--"War +Sermons," by PASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 63. + +149. In this solemn hour, when we lament over our dead heroes, we +experience, more deeply than ever before, the passion of our Lord.... +Is not Germany itself transformed into a suffering Christ? We, too, +have gone through our hour of trial on the Mount of Olives, when with +our Kaiser we prayed that the cup of suffering might pass away from +us; and we, too, obeying the unfathomable will of God, have begun to +drain it.... We, too, were betrayed by those to whom we had shown +nothing but justice and kindness; and around us, too, resounded, in +accents of hatred and envy, the cry of "Crucify him!"--PASTOR F.X. +MUeNCH, reported by SVEN HEDIN, "With the German Armies in the West," +p. 336. + +150. We assert the view that ... what once happened to Luther is now +happening to our people: it is experiencing a repetition of the +Passion of Christ.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 206. + +151. A hard and steep _Via Crucis_ lies before the great benefactor +and magnanimous liberator of the Kultur-world, the German people. +Although it looks beyond the gloom of Good Friday to the dawn of +Easter morn, beyond the dark days of war to the beacons of +triumph--yet the cross still rests on its shoulders, and the Golgotha +of the hardest decision still awaits it.--HOFPRAeDIKANT STIPBERGER, +quoted in "False Witness" (_Klokke Roland_), p. 17. + +152. It was the hidden meaning of God that He made Israel the +forerunner (_Vordeuter_) of the Messiah, and in the same way He has by +His hidden intent designated the German people to be His +successor.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 214. + +153. German craving for truth and German strength of faith, working +along Biblical paths, have attained to the true faith, the pure +religiousness, whose first and greatest spokesman is Jesus Christ. +Thus the Germans are the very nearest to the Lord, and may claim for +themselves that they have "continued His word".... We fight, then, for +Christianity[17] as against degeneration and barbarism.... God must +be with us and victory ours. This is guaranteed us by the truth of our +nature, which is as German as it is Christian.--"War Sermons," by +PASTOR H. FRANCKE, quoted in H.A.H., p. 71. + +154. A Jesusless horde, a crowd of the Godless, are in the field +against us.... May God surround us with His protection ... since our +defeat would also mean the defeat of His Son in humanity.--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 119. + +155. The German people, bearing forward in victory the Evangel of the +Cross of Christ,[18] is the great Christophorus in the world of the +nations.--"The Christianity of the Belligerent Nations," by PASTOR F. +ERDMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 148. + +156. Let us rejoice that Envy has risen up against us; it only shows +that God has exalted and richly blessed us. Think of Him who was +hanged on the Cross and seemed forsaken of God, and had to tread in +such loneliness His path to victory. My German people, even if thy +road be strewn with thorns and beset by enemies, press onward, full of +defiance and confidence.... Thou and thy God, ye are the +majority.--PASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 38. + +157. Kant and Jesus go through our people, seeking their +disciples.--PASTOR G. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 22. + +158. We are fighting--thanks and praise be to God--for the cause of +Jesus within mankind.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 126. + +159. Christianity is possessed of potent spiritual energies, since it +inspires our minds, not only with patience, but also with dignified +pride. "Blessed are ye when men shall reproach you, and persecute you, +and say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake." I quite +understand Friedrich Naumann's declaration that this text has meant +much to him in these days.--PROF. A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 24. + +160. On the paths of commerce and intercourse, we shall go forth to +all nations, and, after the fierce fight is over, carry Jesus to them +in the quiet, peaceful work of a true Kultur. England, in these paths, +has lowered herself to become a nation of hucksters, who have long +abandoned the service of God for that of Mammon.--"War Devotions," by +PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 130. + +161. It is on account of its admirable qualities that Germany has so +many enemies. Friedrich v. Schiller says: "The world loves to blacken +whatever is radiant and shining, and to drag what is exalted in the +dust.... Socrates had to drain the bowl of poison, Columbus was cast +into fetters, Christ was nailed to the cross,"--FELDMARSCHALLEUTNANT +FRANZ RIEGER, quoted by KR. NYROP, _Er Krig Kultur?_ (Copenhagen). + +162. The thief who expiated a sinful past by his repentance in the +last hour, and was outwardly subjected to the same suffering as our +Lord, is the type of the Turkish nation, which now puts Christianity +(outside Germany) to shame.--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 211. + +_See also Nos. 428, 444._ + + +=Die Deutsche Wahrheit (German Truth).= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +163. The International Lie-Press has risen up as a fourth Great Power +against Germany, and deluges the world with lies against our +magnificent and strictly moral (_sittenstrenges_) Army, and slanders +everything that is German. I propose that in the treaty of peace we +should claim a special milliard as indemnity for lies.[19]--PROF. A. +v. HARNACK, W.W.S.G., p. 4. + +164. The Germans demand truth, even from orators. It would be quite +impossible to entangle the Germans in a network of impudent lies, as +the other nations have been entangled.--PROF. A. LASSON, D.R.S.Z., +No. 4, p. 23. + +165. There was no war party in Germany; that is a _Times_ lie; but +there doubtless were responsible statesmen and soldiers who rightly +said: "If England and her gang want war at any price, then the sooner +the better."--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 13. + +166. [The sailors of the British Fleet are] a gang of adventurers and +criminals who serve only for filthy lucre ... and among whom +desertions and mutinies belong to the order of the day.--W. HELM, +W.W.S.M., p. 20. + +167. I have travelled at midsummer through the length and breadth of +England, from London to Glasgow and Edinburgh, and to Wales; but I +have not seen a single cornfield.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 29. + +168. Not only were the most monstrous untruths as to the violent +proceedings of Germany disseminated by the Press, but care was taken +to suppress all mention of the twice repeated _generous offer of +Germany to compensate Belgium in every respect_, if she would permit +the transit of German troops.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 31. + +169. If, apart from one or two acts of rascality (_ein paar +Bubenstreichen_), we have as yet seen nothing of the British Fleet, it +is [among other reasons] because John Bull knows that the crews of his +ships are simply not to be trusted.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 20. + +170. We know, for example, that English prisoners and wounded passing +through [Cologne] ... could scarcely believe their eyes when they saw +that our noble cathedral was not a heap of ruins, as their papers had +assured them!--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 55. + +171. The French soldiers thought they were only going to manoeuvres. +Not until they were face to face with the enemy, had come under the +fire of our rifles and seen our bayonets, did they find out that they +had been deceived, that they had been lied into the war.--"War +Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H. & H., p. 126. + +172. What homage does not the stupid world pay to Carnegie; and now we +learn that, through his endowments for professors and students, he has +enslaved the universities, imposing upon them hard-and-fast doctrines, +as, for example, the worship of England and hostility to +Germany.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 56. + +173. When we [in 1870-71] bombarded the fortress of Paris, that was an +outrage upon a sacred spot. But when the English battered to the +ground the defenceless Alexandria[20]--that was of course quite in +order.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 27. + +173a. When our Zeppelins drop bombs on the fortress of Antwerp, there +are loud protests. But how have not French prisoners boasted of the +burning by their bombs of the open city of Nuernberg. The will was +there; only the power was lacking.[21]--PROF. U. V. +WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 27. + + +=German Insight and Foresight.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +174. [Of the "militia" of the British self-governing Dominions.] They +can be completely ignored so far as concerns any European theatre of +war. [Of the British Territorial Army.] For a Continental European war +it may be left out of account.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 135. + +175. As soon as we have won our first victory, we may be sure that +Italy will unconditionally accord us her armed cooperation.--K. V. +STRANTZ, E.S.V., p. 21. + +176. If, in case of war, England should join the Dual Alliance +against us, our military position will be in no way prejudiced, if we, +on our side, take care to kindle fires at the points where her +world-power is threatened. In that case, too, oversea prizes beckon us +on, which will be well worth the winning.--K. v. STRANTZ, E.S.V., p. +39. + +177. I do not at all believe that Zeppelins have anything to fear from +aeroplanes, as their critics assert.--A. WIRTH, T.O.D., p. 52. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +178. The far-seeing English politician expects the present war greatly +to improve the position of England as against the United States. Any +injury that England may conceivably inflict on its best customer, +Germany ... will be as nothing in comparison with the direct and +indirect losses the war must inflict on America.--DR. A. ZIMMERMANN, +quoted by P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 21. + +179. There can be no possible doubt that England, in secret, heartily +rejoices in every Russian defeat.--P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 21. + + +=German Freedom.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +180. An un-German freedom is no freedom.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. +21. + +180a. Germany has been for centuries the true and only home of a +freedom worthy of humanity and elevating to humanity.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 15. + +181. German freedom is thus not a natural human right, but an +elevation of humanity above the despotism of its own personal +inclinations.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 46. + +182. We should be in an evil case if we were to barter for these +[English] "liberties," however praiseworthy in themselves, our +individual many-sidedness, our temperament in constant touch with +life, in short our Deutschtum.--KARL HECKEL, E.B., p. 384. + +183. Ah, Milton, wert thou living at this hour!... Thou would'st +understand German championship of freedom, care for justice, and love +of truth.--PROF. A. BRANDL, D.R.S.Z., No. 20. + +_On English Freedom, see Nos. 401a, 467._ + + +=The German Language.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +184. Fichte expresses in simple words a positively decisive truth ... +of all the languages of Europe, German is the only living one.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 26. + +185. The German ... _must_ conquer; and when once he has +conquered--to-day or in a hundred years...--no duty is more urgent +than that of forcing the German language upon the world.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 33. + +186. If German Kultur and the German spirit are to march victorious +through the world, not to oppress other peoples, but to aid them in +their own development, an essential preliminary will be the spread of +the German language. For only he who knows the German language, and +can read the works of our spiritual heroes in the original, can +really penetrate into the German spirit, and feel himself at home +there.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 48. + +187. Chance brings to my hands to-day a copy of _Jugend_ for May 28, +1900, containing an article by me in which I read: "I have no firmer +or more sacred conviction than this, that the higher Kultur of +humanity depends upon the spreading of the German language." I go on +to explain that this language is the indispensable interpreter of the +German nature (_Wesen_), which is what I chiefly prize; and for the +spreading of the language it is necessary that the German Empire +should develop into the leading State of the world.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, +D.Z., p. 9. + +188. A defeat for Germany I could regard only as a deferred victory. I +should say to myself: The time, then, is not yet ripe; the sacred +treasure must yet awhile be guarded and cherished in the circle of the +narrower Fatherland. For alone among all nations Germany possesses +to-day a living, developing, sacred treasure.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, +K.A., p. 24. + +189. Germanism (_Was wir "deutsch" nennen_) is the secret through +which the inner man is illuminated; and the instrument of this +illumination is the [German] language.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 25. + +190. If Montaigne were living to-day, he would have to remain +silent--or to learn German.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 29. + +191. Men must come to realize that whoever cannot speak German is a +pariah.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 35. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[8] A common expression for the ordinary, average German. + +[9] This address was delivered, 9th September, 1914. The _Lusitania_ +was sunk 7th May, 1915. + +[10] Though this was written in the second month of the war, we must in +fairness assume that Herr Chamberlain is thinking of the German state +of mind before the war. But as he has lived thirty years in Germany he +must have been there during the South African War, when the German +feeling towards England was too mildly described by the term +"animosity." + +[11] + + And you must love him ere to you + He will seem worthy of your love + +[12] M. Dumont, writing of the Albanians (_Rev. des Deux Mondes_, vi., +120, 1872), supplies a pertinent comment on German piety: "_Ce qui fait +qu'une tribu croit a son dieu, c'est la haine de la tribu voisine._" + +[13] Chamberlain says that this letter was addressed to him in +November, 1914, by a correspondent whom he refuses to name, but of whom +he will say that "few men can form such well-informed judgment upon all +phases in the life of present-day Germany, and no one deserves to be +listened to with higher respect." These expressions, and the mention of +William I., may perhaps justify the conjecture that the writer is none +other than Chamberlain's warm admirer, William II. + +[14] The same author explains that "of course the German people have +not in themselves deserved this calling: it proceeds from the sheer +grace of God, so we can maintain it without any Pharisaism whatever." + +[15] This saying had already "burst its bonds" and been appropriated to +Germany by the Kaiser:--"We are the salt of the earth, but we must also +be worthy to be so." (Bremen, 22nd March, 1905.) + +[16] It is odd that the "creator of children's literature" should have +taken the very name of his work from an English book which had been the +delight of children for half a century before he wrote. + +[17] Compare with this the following:--"In our struggle with the Triple +Entente, we look for the most valuable aid from Pan-Islamism, from the +living sense of solidarity between all Muslims of the whole world, +dependent on their common religion.... If all accounts be true, the +whole Muslim world is flocking round the Sultan-Kalif, and regards this +war as a 'Holy War,' That would be the first and perhaps the greatest +triumph of the Pan-Islamic movement."--DR. E. HUBER, in _Das Groessere +Deutschland_, Christmas Eve, 1914. + +[18] The particular injunction of the Evangel of Christ which inspired +the sinking of the _Lusitania_ was no doubt "Suffer little children to +come unto me." + +[19] After making this proposal on p. 4, Professor v. Harnack, on p. 6, +gives the following account of the Battle of the Marne:--"We have, +without any defeat, partly withdrawn our troops to form an iron line of +battle from Arras and Noyon to Verdun." + +[20] "The defenceless Alexandria" was defended by an elaborate system +of forts mounting hundreds of guns. It was these forts that the fleet +bombarded, in the face of considerable resistance. The conflagrations +in the city were the work of escaped or liberated convicts. + +[21] If any French soldiers actually believed that Nuernberg had been +bombed, it can only have been because the German Government spread the +report, through the mouth of its Ambassador in Paris, as an excuse for +declaring war. (French Yellow Book, No. 159.) It is possible that some +Frenchmen may have incautiously believed the German Government. The +report has been shown by German investigation to be entirely +groundless. + + + + +II + +GERMAN AMBITIONS + + + + +II + +GERMAN AMBITIONS + + +=Expansion in Europe.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +192. Germany cannot be suspected of wishing for war.... She covets no +possession of her neighbours. Any one who says that she does, slanders +her.--_Manifesto of the German Defence League, March, 1913._ NIPPOLD, +D.C., p. 85. + +192a. A developing, onward-striving people like ourselves requires new +land for its energies, and if peace will not secure it, then only war +remains. To arouse people to a realization of this fact was the +mission of the Defence League.--GENERAL v. WROCHEM, at meeting of +German Defence League, Danzig, March, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 84. + +192b. It is precisely our _craving_ for expansion that drives us into +the paths of conquest, and in view of which all chatter about peace +and humanity can and must remain nothing but chatter.--J.L. REIMER, +E.P.D., p. 154. + +193. A new period of progress towards unification is possible only by +means of a great and courageous policy, which should lead to +victorious wars, and if possible to the territorial expansion of the +Empire.--D.B.B., p. 202. + +194. All the policy, internal and external, of the Empire ought to be +subordinated to this governing idea--the Germanization of all the +remains of foreign populations within the Empire, and the procuring +for the German people of new territories, proportionate to its +strength and its need of expansion.--PROF. E. HASSE, B.D.V., p. 126. + +195. Our frontiers are too narrow. We must become land-hungry, must +acquire new regions for settlement, otherwise we will be a sinking +people, a stunted race. True love for our people and its children +commands us to think of their future, however much they may accuse us +of quarrelsomeness and lust of war. If the Germanic people shrank from +war it would be as good as dead.--BARON V. VIETINGHOFF-SCHEEL, at +meeting of Pan-German League, Erfurt, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., +p. 72. + +196. Let us bravely organize great _forced migrations_ of the inferior +peoples. Posterity will be grateful to us. We must coerce them! This +is one of the tasks of war: the means must be superiority of armed +force. Superficially such forced migrations, and the penning up of +inconvenient peoples in narrow "reserves," may appear hard; but it is +the only solution of the race-question that is worthy of humanity.... +Thus alone can the over-population of the earth be controlled: the +efficient peoples must secure themselves elbow-room by means of war, +and the inefficient must be hemmed in, and at last driven into +"reserves" where they have no room to grow ... and where, discouraged +and rendered indifferent to the future by the spectacle of the +superior energy of their conquerors, they may crawl slowly towards +the peaceful death of weary and hopeless senility.[22]--K. WAGNER, K., +p. 170. + +197. We desire, and must desire ... a world-empire of Teutonic +(_germanisch_) stock, under the hegemony of the German people. In +order to secure this we must-- + + (a) Gradually Germanize the Scandinavian and Dutch Teutonic + States, denationalizing them in the weaker signification of + the term;[23] + + (b) Break up the predominantly un-Teutonic peoples into their + component parts, in order to take to ourselves the Teutonic + element and Germanize it, while we reject the un-Teutonic + element. + +--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 137. + +197a. Such false ideas as to nationality, speech and race are now +prevalent ... that it is often maintained that no breaking-up of +nations would be necessary, but that a "Germanization" _in the mass_ +of the nations in question [Germany's smaller neighbours] would be +sufficient.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 130. + +198. We are indubitably the most martial nation in the world.... We +are the most gifted of nations in all the domains of science and art. +We are the best colonists, the best sailors, and even the best +traders! And yet we have not up to now secured our due share in the +heritage of the world.... That the German Empire is not the end but +the beginning of our national development is an obvious truth.--F. +BLEY, W.D., pp. 21-22. + +199. We must create a Central Europe which will guarantee the peace of +the entire continent from the moment when it shall have driven the +Russians from the Black Sea and the Slavs from the south, and shall +have conquered large tracts to the east of our frontiers for German +colonization. We cannot let loose _ex abrupto_ the war which will +create this Central Europe. All we can do is to accustom our people to +the thought that this war must come.--P. DE LAGARDE, D.S., p. 83. + +200. Before seeking to found a Greater Germany in other continents, we +must create a Greater Germany in Central Europe.... In seeking to +colonize the countries immediately contiguous to our present +patrimony, we are continuing the millenary work of our ancestors. +There is nothing in this contrary to nature.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p. +168. + +200a. _Every great people needs new territory_; it must _expand over +foreign soil_; it must expel the foreigners by the power of the +sword.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 80. + +201. For this evil [the emigration of the surplus population] we see +only one remedy: _the extension of our frontiers in Europe_.... We +must make room for an Empire of Germanic race which shall number +100,000,000 inhabitants, in order that we may hold our own against +masses such as those of Russia and the United States.--D.B.B., p. 115. + +202. [In the Great-German Confederation which will comprise most of +Europe] the Germans, being alone entitled to exercise political +rights, to serve in the Army and Navy, and to acquire landed property, +will recover the feeling they had in the Middle Ages of being a people +of masters. They will gladly tolerate the foreigners living among +them, to whom inferior manual services will be entrusted.--G.U.M., p. +47. + +203. The principles which must guide the German people in the +establishment of the new Germanic world-empire are these:-- + + (1) The strengthening of its Germanic race-foundation. + + (2) The securing of room for its surplus of births. + + (3) The greatest possible expansion of this surplus over a + portion of the earth which shall be sufficiently large, + various and geographically well-situated to form an economic + unit. + +--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 135. + +204. Our own social health, towards which, in the name of our moral +ideals, we are now striving, may one day compel us to force upon other +nations the benefits of the new economic forms.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. +160 (1893). + +205. One thing alone can really profit the German people: the +acquisition of new territory. That is the only solid and durable gain +... that alone can really promote the diffusion, the growth and the +deepening of Germanism.--A. WIRTH, O.U.W., p. 56. + +206. Excessive modesty and humility, rather than excessive arrogance +and ambition, is a feature of the German character. Therefore we shall +know how to set a limit to our desire for expansion, and shall escape +the dangers which have been fatal to all conquerors whose ambition was +unbridled.--PROF. E. HASSE, W.I.K., p. 63. + +206a. The territory open to future German expansion ... must extend +from the North Sea and the Baltic, to the Persian Gulf, absorbing the +Netherlands and Luxembourg, Switzerland, the whole basin of the +Danube, the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor.--PROF. E. HASSE, W.I.K., +p. 65. + +206b. Nowhere in the world is there so much declamation about +Chauvinism as in Germany, and nowhere is so little of it to be found. +We hesitate to express even the most natural demands that a nation can +make for itself.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i. + +207. When one wishes a thing, one must effectually will it. Our sense +of justice [!] may in future lead us not to desire what does not +belong to us, but _if_ we take we must also _hold fast_. In other +words, hitherto foreign territory is not incorporated into Germany +until German proprietorship is rooted in the soil.[24]--F. LANGE, +R.D., p. 206 (1893). + +208. A people that has increased so much as the German people is +forced to carry on a constant policy of expansion. It must be candidly +confessed that since the retirement of Bismarck the Will to Power had +been lacking.--GENERAL v. LIEBERT, Member of the Reichstag, at meeting +of Pan-German League, Hamburg, January, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 76. + +209. Since the Western Powers restrict our right to life, it is +necessary that we should attach one of them to us or that we should +sweep them out of our way by force.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 12th +August, 1911. + +210. The Rhine ... is a priceless natural possession, although by our +own fault we have allowed its most material value to fall into alien +hands, and it must be the unceasing endeavour of German policy to win +back the mouths of the river.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 125. + +211. The Jablunka must never hear any language but German, and the +[German] wave must spread thence towards the south until nothing +remains of all the lamentable nationalities of the Imperial State +[Austria].--P. DE LAGARDE, D.S., p. 112. + +212. If our area of colonization[25] does not coincide with our +political boundaries, the healthy egoism of our race commands us to +place our frontier-posts in foreign territory, as we have done at +Metz.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p. 166. + +213. A sturdy German egoism must characterize all political action.... +The first principle of our policy, both at home and abroad, must be +that, in everything that happens, the Germans [literally, the most +German] should come off best, and the others should have a bad time of +it (_sich unbehaglich fuehlen_).--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 213 (1893). + +213a. A Ministry of Colonization must make up for lost time. With all +prudence, but also with inflexible determination, a process of +expropriation should be inaugurated, by which the Poles and the +Alsatians and Lorrainers would be gradually transported to the +interior of the Empire, while Germans would replace them on the +frontier.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 206. + + +=Expansion beyond Europe.= + +214. We must ... see to it that the outcome of our next successful war +must be the acquisition of colonies by any possible means.--H.V. +TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 119. + +215. A German policy of expansion is to-day generally accepted. The +Empire must acquire more colonies.--DR. POHL, of Berlin, at meeting of +Pan-German League, Augsburg, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72. + +216. In all lands under German influence a double power is more or +less strongly at work: the _creative power of the spirit_ ... and the +_creative power of the body_, that is to say, fecundity.... Whither +our spiritual and our bodily fecundity impel us, thither we must +go--_out over the world!_ (_hin ueber die Welt!_).--J.L. REIMER, +E.P.D., p. 66. + +217. The longing for an eternal peace was Utopian and enervating.... +Nor was there any lack of a great national aim. At the division of the +earth between the other Great Powers, Germany had gone almost empty +away. But Germany needed new regions for the planting-out of its +ever-growing, inexhaustible wealth of people.--GENERAL V. WROCHEM, at +meeting of the German Defence League, Hanover, February, 1913. +NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 83. + +218. With all respect to the rights of foreign nations, it must be +said that Germany has not as yet the colonies which it must have.... +Our development demands recognition. That is a natural right. There is +here no question of prestige-politics, of adventurer-politics. +Further, we are not an institute for lengthening the life of dying +States.... Those half-States which owe their existence only to the aid +of foreign weapons, money or knowledge, are hopelessly at the mercy of +the modern States.--_Leipziger Tageblatt_, 24th January, 1913. +NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 51. + +219. The Ministry of Colonization must also arrange systematically for +emigration to foreign countries.... The Government alone can, by the +uncompromising (_ruecksichtslos_) employment of its methods of power, +conclude treaties ... imposing on [the foreign countries] the +conditions which it regards as desirable.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 207 +(1893). + +220. In this nineteenth century, when Germany has become the first +Power in the world, are we incapable of doing what our ancestors did? +Germany must lay her mighty grasp upon Asia Minor.--AMICUS PATRIAE, +A.U.K., p. 15. + +221. The hostile arrogance of the Western Powers releases us from all +our treaty obligations, throws open the doors of our verbal +prison-house, and forces the German Empire, resolutely defending her +vital rights, to revive the ancient Prussian policy of conquest. All +Morocco in the hands of Germany; German cannon on the routes to Egypt +and India; German troops on the Algerian frontier; this would be a +goal worthy of great sacrifices.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 29th July, +1911. + +222. If we do not soon acquire new territory, a frightful catastrophe +is inevitable. It signifies little whether it be in Brazil, in +Siberia, in Anatolia or in South Africa.... To-day, as 2,000 years +ago, when the Cimbri and the Teutons beat at the gates of Rome, a cry +arises ... ever louder and louder, "Give us land, give us new +land!"--A. WIRTH, V.U.W., p. 227. + +223. Thanks to our youthfulness and our capacity of development, +thanks also to our military power, many things are possible: we can +create a German nation which shall number 100,000,000 inhabitants, we +can become "Europe," and dominate the seas into the bargain.--D.B.B., +p. 211. + +223a. This Germany of ours was once the greatest of the Sea Powers, +and, God willing, so she will be again.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. +i., p. 213. + +224. "_Civis Germanicus sum--ich bin ein Deutscher!_" As the free +Roman, in his character of _Civis Romanus_, formerly ruled the world, +so must every continental German of to-day, and of the future, rule +the world in his character of _Civis Germanicus_.--J.L. REIMER, +E.P.D., p. 146. + + +=Weltmacht (World-Dominion).= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +225. _We want no world-dominion_.... It is unjust, and therefore +un-German.--PROF. W. v. BLUME, D.D.M., p. 23. + +225a. Germany, as the preponderant Power in a Great-German League, +will with this war attain world-supremacy.--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., p. +13. + +226. We _want_ no hegemony, no world-dominion! Such ambitions mean +everlasting war; whereas Germany sincerely desires peace, and the +influence which shall enable her to establish it.--PROF. DR. R. +JANNASCH, W.D.U.S., p. 22. + +226a. Formerly German thought was shut up in her corner, but now the +world shall have its coat cut according to German measure, and as far +as our swords flash and German blood flows, the circle of the earth +shall come under the tutelage of German activity.--"World-Germany," by +F. PHILIPPI, quoted in H.A.H., p. 43. + +227. We were contented within our boundaries. Not a single foot did we +want of the countries adjoining our frontiers. PROF. U. V. +WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. II. + +227a. Before everything, however, we must see to the provision of +agricultural land! _We require more soil for settlement_.... And we +require unsettled land for settlement. No alien fellow-citizens!--PROF. +M. v. GRUBER, D.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 27. + +228. With us shall right and morality, truth and faithfulness, win the +fight against wrong and baseness, malice and falsehood. Through our +supremacy (_Vorherrschaft_), which we hope will be the outward result +of this war, God will establish His dominion over the many-coloured +throng of the nations who stand against us.--"War Devotions," by +PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in H.A.H., p. 128. + +229. Not through a chaotic conflict of ideas, but only through unity +of conviction, can a world-ruling Germany arise; and if Germany does +not rule the world (I do not mean through her power alone, but through +her all-sided superiority and moral weight) then she will disappear +from the map; it is a case of "Either--or."--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., +p. 39. + +230. Not one of our Pan-German leaders, whose plans are to-day being +realized on the battlefields, received honour or recognition at the +hands of the German monarchs, for whose honour and glory we had +suffered and fought.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 6. + +231. If we set ourselves to multiply, as we did in the first five +years of this century, then the German people would in 1950 number 118 +millions, and in the year 2000, 250 millions. Then we could face the +future with considerably more confidence.--PROF. M. V. GRUBER, +D.R.S.Z., No. 30, p. 25. + +232. Germany--of this I am convinced--may in less than two centuries +succeed in dominating (_beherrschen_) the whole globe (_Erdkugel_), in +part directly and politically, in part indirectly, through language, +methods and Kultur, if only it can in time strike out a "new course," +and definitely break with Anglo-American methods of government, and +with the State-destroying ideals of the Revolution.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, +P.I., p. 88. + +233. If every representative, rising to the height of the great time +in which he lives, will put away from him all pettiness of spirit ... +we shall be an unconquerable people, capable of ruling the +world.--C.L. POEHLMANN, G.D.W., p. 11. + +234. Where self-interest ends the real patriotism begins; and its +measure is not the loud chest-note of conviction, but self-sacrificing, +untiring work in the service of the community, in order gradually to +win for the German nature (_Wesen_) the first place in the +world.--PROF. G.E. PAZAUREK, P.K.U.K., p. 5. + +235. Just such a systematic transformation of the world as Augustus +effected, Germany must now undertake--but on how much nobler a +plan!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 42. + +235a. Germany will be the schoolmaster of all the world, as every +German has a bit of the schoolmaster in him.--PROF. W. V. BLUME, +D.D.M., p. 25. + +_Compare No. 82._ + +236. The war must last until we have forced disarmament upon our +enemies. There is a nursery rhyme which runs thus:-- + + Knife and scissors, fork and candle, + Little children must not handle. + +Since the enemy States behave so childishly as to misuse their arms, +they must be placed under tutelage. Moreover, our enemies have acted +so dishonourably that it is only just that rights of citizenship +should be denied them.... When they can no longer bear arms, they +cannot make any new disturbances.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 47. + +237. We must establish ourselves firmly at Antwerp on the North Sea +and at Riga on the Baltic.... At all events we must, at the conclusion +of peace, demand _substantial expansions of the German Empire_. In +this our motive will not be the greed and covetousness of world-ruling +England, nor the national vanity of _gloire_-seeking France, nor the +childish megalomania of Rome-mad Italy, nor the insatiable craving for +expansion of semi-barbarous Russia.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 122. + +238. We could not but say to ourselves, "If once it comes to war with +England, it will be difficult for us to get at her in her island. It +will be easier to strike at her in Egypt [which the writer elsewhere +describes as the keystone of the arch of the British Empire]. But to +that end we require an alliance with the Turks." ... Therefore Germany +sent officers to instruct the Turkish Army, therefore the Emperor went +in 1898 to Constantinople and Jerusalem and made his famous speech as +to the friendship between Germany and the Mohammedans. Therefore we +built the Bagdad Railway with German money.--P. ROHRBACH, W.W.R., p. +12. + +239. _Noblesse oblige_.... The idea that we are the chosen people +imposes on us heavy duties, and duties only.... We are not out to +conquer the world. Have no fear, my dear neighbours, we will not +devour you.... Should it be necessary to increase our territory in +order that the greater body of the people may have room to develop, +then in that case we shall take as much land as may appear to be +necessary. We will also plant our foot where it appears important on +strategic grounds that we should do so, in order to maintain our +impregnable strength. Thus, if our position of strength in the world +will gain by it, we will establish stations for our fleet, for +example, in Dover, Malta and Suez. Beyond this we will do nothing. We +have not the least desire to expand, for we have something more +important to do.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H, p. 143. + +239a. We trust that the German Eagle, when with one wing he has +scourged the barbarians back into Asia, and with the other has freed +himself from unworthy chains, will soar high over the oceans ... where +his wings can grow and he can stretch them according to his needs. And +we hope that this strong, united, purified Germany will be a fountain +of rejuvenescence to the ageing Kultur of Europe.--PROF. G. ROETHE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 31. + +_See also Nos. 7, 84._ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[22] It is only right to state that the author urges this spirited +policy, not upon his countrymen alone, but upon the "Germanoid" races +at large. The "inefficient" peoples whom he has specially in view are +the non-German populations of South America, whom he proposes to deport +to "reserves" in Africa! + +[23] The author has previously defined two grades of denationalization. +The second or weaker grade includes the substitution of German for the +national language. For the diabolical means by which he proposes to +secure the extinction of "undesired and enslaved races," see E.P.D., p. +159. + +[24] That is, until the original landowners are forcibly expropriated. + +[25] It is not quite clear what the Professor means by +"colonization"--but it does not greatly matter. + + + + +III + +WAR-WORSHIP + + + + +III + +WAR-WORSHIP + + +=The Lust of Battle.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +240. How often, in such a charge [during manoeuvres] has my ear caught +the yearning cry of a comrade tearing along beside me: "Donnerwetter, +if this were only the real thing!" (_wenn das doch Ernst +waere_).--KRONPRINZ WILHELM, D.I.W., Chapter II. + +240a. When the Gordian knot is ready to be cut, God sends the +Alexander! Does not the Crown Prince William's confession of his +belief in courage as the highest flower of the human spirit, in his +book "Deutschland in Waffen," sound like an answer to the longing that +thrills through our whole people?--_Deutsche Tageszeitung_, 5th May, +1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 34. + +241. In philosophic form, the idea of the beneficence of war may be +traced back to the saying of Heraclitus, "_polemos pater panton_" [war +is the father of everything].... War is held to be a divine +institution, a law of the universe, present in all nature; not for +nothing do the Indians worship Siva the Destroyer; the warrior is +filled with the enthusiasm of destruction; wars purify the atmosphere +like thunderstorms....[26] We may here refer to H. Leo's phrase as to +the "fresh and joyous war that shall sweep away the scrofulous rabble" +[_vom "frischen und froehlichen Krieg, der das skrofuloese Gesindel +wegfegen soll."_].--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 163. + +242. The Kaiser may have thought that war was not necessary ... +because every year of peace increased the power of the Empire, and +because the German hegemony in Europe was safe enough without shedding +a drop of blood. To this one may reply that the noblest weapon rusts +if its use is too long restricted to reviews and parades ... and that +every ascent to a higher mental Kultur impairs the barbaric energy of +warriors, and encumbers them with scruples which damp their joyous +courage.--M. HARDEN, _Zukunft_, 19th August, 1911. + + +=War and Religion.= + +243. It is no mere chance that the earliest piece of poetry, the +oldest three distiches of the Old Testament, the Song of Lamech, is a +song of triumph over the invention of the sword. (Genesis, iv., 23):-- + + Ada and Zillah hear my voice; + Ye wives of Lamech hearken unto my speech: + For I have slain a man for wounding me, + And a young man for bruising me: + If Cain shall be avenged sevenfold, + Truly Lamech seventy and sevenfold. + +--E. v. LASAULX, P.G., p. 85. + +244. Perpetual peace is a dream, and it is not even a beautiful dream: +war forms part of the eternal order instituted by God.... Without war +humanity would sink into materialism.--COUNT V. MOLTKE, letter to +Bluntschli, 11th December, 1880. + +245. To appeal from this judgment to Christianity would be sheer +perversity, for does not the Bible distinctly say that the ruler shall +rule by the sword, and, again, that greater love hath no man than to +lay down his life for his friend?--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. +67. + +245a. But it is not worth while to speak further of these matters, for +God above us will see to it that war shall always recur, as a drastic +medicine for ailing humanity.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 69. + +246. Christian morality is based, indeed, on the law of love. "Love +God above all things, and thy neighbour as thyself." This law can +claim no significance for the relations of one country to another, +since its application to politics would lead to a conflict of +duties.... Christ himself said: "I am not come to send peace on earth, +but a sword." His teaching can never be adduced as an argument against +the universal law of struggle. There never was a religion which was +more combative than Christianity.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 29. + +247. When here on earth a battle is won by German arms and the +faithful dead ascend to Heaven, a Potsdam lance-corporal will call the +guard to the door, and "old Fritz," springing from his golden throne, +will give the command to present arms. That is the Heaven of Young +Germany.--_Weekly Paper for Young Germany_, January 25, 1913. + +_Compare "God and the old Kaiser" No. 97._ + + +=War and Ethics.= + +248. Nothing is more immoral than to consider and talk of war as an +immoral thing. "War is the mother of all good things" (Empedocles).... +And there is nothing more moral than the collective egoism, the +self-conserving instinct, of nations.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 127. + +248a. The idea of war is the child of _healthy egoism_, which is +honest to the marrow of its bones, is ashamed of nothing in +Nature.... but is the basis of all Kultur, of all morality.--K. +WAGNER, K. + +249. We must therefore reckon with war as a necessary factor towards +higher development.... A people really learns to know its full +national strength only in war ... only then, indeed, does its full +strength come into existence.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 162. + +249a. War makes room for the competent at the expense of the unsound. +War is the source of all good growth. Without war the development of +nations is impossible--K. WAGNER, K., p. 183. + +250. The sight of blood and wounds steels the nerves of the soul, the +horrors of war stimulate the spirits, so that instead of the falsehood +and cowardice of enervation, the old heroic virtues are restored ... +fear of God, martial bravery, obedience, up-rightness of mind, +constancy, truth ... manlike courage, manly pity, and all that is +great and good in humanity.--E. v. LASAULX, P.G., p. 86. + +_Compare Nos. 254, 311._ + +251. The brutal incidents inseparable from every war vanish completely +before the idealism of the main result.... Strength, truth and honour +come to the front and are brought in to play.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI, +G.N.W., p. 27. + +252. War is the most august and sacred of human activities.... For us, +too, the great, joyful hour of battle will one day strike.... The +openly expressed longing for war often degenerates into vain boasting +and ludicrous sabre-rattling. But still and deep in the German heart +must the joy in war and the longing for war endure.--OTTO VON +GOTTBERG, in _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_, 25th January, +1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 1. + +253. Life as the most necessary medium of Kultur--that is the ground +on which the modern apostles of peace take their stand.... But our +German morality makes short work of all such rubbish. It says with +Moltke: "Eternal peace is only a dream, _and not even a beautiful +dream_!" No, certainly not beautiful, for a peace which could no +longer look forward to war as the issue even of the worst +complications would poison and rot away our inmost heart, until we +became loathsome to ourselves.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 157 (1893). + +254. Whosoever has crossed a great battlefield and has shuddered in +the depths of his soul at all the horrors confronting him, will have +found new strength and exaltation in the thought that here the whole +tragic gravity of military necessity is regnant, and here a +justifiable passion has done its work.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., +XIV., p. 84. + +255. The appeal to arms will be valid until the end of history, and +therein lies the sacredness of war.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. +29. + +_See also No. 314._ + + +=War and Biology.= + +256. We children of the future ... do not by any means think it +desirable that the kingdom of righteousness and peace should be +established on the earth.... We rejoice in all men who, like +ourselves, love danger, war and adventure ... we count ourselves among +the conquerors; we ponder over the need of a new order of things, even +of a new slavery--for every strengthening and elevation of the type +"man" also involves a new form of slavery.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., +section 377. + +257. Unless we choose to shut our eyes to the necessity of evolution, +we must recognize the necessity of war. We must accept war, which will +last as long as development and existence; we must accept eternal +war.--K. WAGNER, K., p. 153. + +258. "War is the father of everything," says Heraclitus. It will be +the father of the new German race of the future.--PROF. E. HASSE, +Z.D.V., p. 126. + +259. The efforts directed towards the abolition of war must not only +be termed foolish, but absolutely _immoral_, and must be _stigmatized +as unworthy of the human race_.... The weak nation is to have the same +right to live as the powerful and vigorous nation! The whole idea +represents a presumptuous encroachment on the natural laws of +development.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 34. + +260. It is proved beyond all shadow of doubt that regular war (_der +regelrechte Krieg_) is, not only from the biological and true kultural +standpoint, the best and noblest form of the struggle for existence, +but also, from time to time, an absolute necessity for the maintenance +of the State and society.--DR. SCHMIDT, of Gibichenfels, at meeting of +Pan-German League, Berlin, October, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 73. + +261. War is a biological necessity of the first importance, a +regulative element in the life of mankind which cannot be dispensed +with.... "War is the father of all things." The sages of antiquity, +long before Darwin, recognized this.... "To supplant or to be +supplanted is the essence of life," says Goethe, "and the strong life +gains the upper hand."--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 18. + +_See also No. 386._ + + +=War and Kultur.= + +262. It is nothing but fanaticism to expect very much from humanity +when it has forgotten how to wage war. For the present we know of no +other means whereby the rough energy of the camp, the deep impersonal +hatred, the cold-bloodedness of murder with a good conscience, the +general ardour of the system in the destruction of the enemy ... can +be as forcibly and certainly communicated to enervated nations as is +done by every great war. Kultur can by no means dispense with +passions, vices and malignities.--FR. NIETZSCHE, H.T.H., section 477. + +263. It is here demonstrated with rare cogency and conclusiveness that +war is not only a factor, but the main factor, in true, genuine +Kultur--not only its creator but its preserver.... Although the author +thus recognizes war as an element in the divine world-order, he by no +means ignores the blessings of peace, as the second factor in true, +genuine Kultur, in a certain measure complementary to war.--_Berliner +neueste Nachrichten_, 24th December, 1912, in review of _Der Krieg als +Kulturfaktor_, by DR. SCHMIDT, of Gibichenfels. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 20. + +264. No sooner are airships invented than the General Staffs set to +work to devise methods of applying them to destruction.... Thus every +achievement of "Kultur"[27] and of the human intelligence is only a +means to more barbarous processes of war: and yet the pacifists see in +the progress of the human intelligence a guarantee of world-peace!--L. +GUMPLOWICZ, S.I.U., p. 161. + +265. I must first of all examine the aspirations for peace, which seem +to dominate our age and threaten to poison the soul of the German +people.... I must try to prove that war is not merely a necessary +element in the life of nations, but an indispensable factor of Kultur, +in which a truly civilized nation finds the highest expression of +strength and vitality.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 14. + +266. If the Twilight of the Gods that has now so long brooded over +the European race and Kultur is at last to vanish before the light +of morning, then we Germans in particular must no longer see in war +our destroyer ... but must recognize in it our healer, our +physician.--_Taegliche Rundschau_, 12th November, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., +p. 23. + +267. Our own country, by employing its military powers, has attained a +degree of Kultur which it never could have reached by the methods of +peaceful development.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 119. + +268. War is to us only a means, but the state of preparation for war +is more than a means, it is an end.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 126. + +_See also Nos. 84, 91._ + + +=Blood and Iron.= + +269. The time for petty politics is past; the next century[28] will +bring the struggle for the dominion of the world--the _compulsion_ to +great politics.--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 208. + +270. I greet all the signs indicating that a more manly and warlike +age is commencing, which will, above all, bring heroism again into +honour!--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section 283. + +271. General Keim from Berlin insisted that the path to German unity +and power was not paved with sealing-wax, printers' ink and +parliamentary resolutions, but marked by blood, wounds and deeds of +arms. States could be maintained only by the means by which they were +created.--At meeting of Pan-German League, Augsburg, September, 1912. +NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72. + +272. It is only since the last war [1870] that a sounder theory has +arisen of the State and its military power. Without war no State could +be.... War, therefore will endure to the end of history, so long as +there is multiplicity of States.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. +65. + +273. We owe it to Napoleon ... that several warlike centuries, which +have not had their like in past history, may now follow one +another--in short, that we have entered upon _the classical age of +war_, war at the same time scientific and popular, on the grandest +scale (as regards means, talents and discipline) to which all coming +millenniums will look back with envy and awe as a work of +perfection--for the national movement out of which this martial glory +springs, is only the counter-_choc_ against Napoleon, and would not +have existed without him. To him, consequently, one will one day be +able to attribute the fact that man in Europe has again got the upper +hand of the merchant and the Philistine.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section +362. + +274. What men tower highest in the history of the nation, whom does +the German heart cherish with the most ardent love? Goethe? Schiller? +Wagner? Marx? Oh, no--but Barbarossa, the great Frederick, Bluecher, +Moltke, Bismarck, the hard men of blood. It is to them, who offered +up thousands of lives, that the soul of the people goes out with +tenderest affection, with positively adoring gratitude. Because they +did what now we ought to do.... Our holiest raptures of homage are +paid to these Titans of the Blood-Deed.--DR. W. FUCHS, in article on +"Psychiatrie and Politics," in _Die Post_, 28th January, 1912. +NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 2. + +275. I must assert with emphasis that the cardinal sin of our whole +policy has hitherto been that we have lost sight of the eternal truth: +POLITICS MEAN THE WILL TO POWER.... The history of the world teaches +us that only those people have strongly asserted themselves who have +without hesitation placed the Will to Power higher than the Will to +Peace.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting of Central Committee of Pan-German +League, Munich, April, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 77. + +276. This nation possesses an excess of vigour, enterprise, idealism, +and spiritual energy which qualifies it for the highest place; but a +malignant fairy laid on its cradle the most petty theoretical +dogmatism.... Yet the heart of this people can always be won for great +and noble aims, even though such aims can only be attended by +danger.... An intense longing for a foremost place among the Powers +and for manly action fills our nation. Every vigorous utterance, every +bold political step of the Government, finds in the soul of the people +a deeply-felt echo, and loosens the bonds which fetter all their +forces.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 256. + +277. War does not depend on the human will, but is for the most part +an ineluctable, elementary happening, a daemonic power forcing itself +upon us, against which all written treaties, all peace conferences and +humanitarian agitations, come pitifully to wreck.--GENERAL KEIM, at +meeting of the German Defence League, Cassel, February, 1913. NIPPOLD, +D.C., p. 82. + + +=War Necessary to Germany.= + +278. If the health and life of Germany require this mortal and +terrible remedy [war], _let us not hesitate to apply it_, so be it! +God is the Judge. I accept the awful responsibility.... God never +forsakes a good German.--"AMICUS PATRIAE," A.U.K., p. 15. + +278a. Whoever loves his people and wishes to hasten the crisis of the +present sickness, must yearn for war as the awakener of all that is +good, healthy and strong in the nation.--D. FRYMANN, W.I.K.W., p. 53. + +279. The duties and obligations of the German people ... cannot be +fulfilled without drawing the sword.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. +15. + +280. It is for social as much as for national and political reasons +that we must fix our minds incessantly upon war; may the first ten or +twenty years of the twentieth century bring it to us, for we have need +of it!--D.B.B., p. 191. + +281. It must be regarded as a quite unthinkable proposition that an +agreement between France and Germany can be negotiated before the +question between them has been once more decided by arms.--GENERAL V. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 91. + +282. In one way or another _we must square our account with France_ if +we wish for a free hand in our international policy.... France must be +so completely crushed that she can never again come across our +path.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 105. + +283. A pacific agreement with England is a will-o'-the-wisp which no +serious German statesman would trouble to follow. We must always keep +the possibility of war with England before our eyes, and arrange our +political and military plans accordingly.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI, +G.N.W., p. 99. + +284. Since the struggle is, as appears on a thorough investigation of +the international question, necessary and inevitable, we must fight it +out, cost what it may.... We have fought in the last great wars for +our national union and our position among the Powers of _Europe_; we +must now decide whether we wish to develop into and maintain a _World +Empire_, and procure for German spirit and German ideas that fit +recognition which has been hitherto withheld from them.--GENERAL V. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 103. + +285. If we wish to compete further with them [the other Powers] a +policy which our population and our civilization both entitle and +compel us to adopt, we must not hold back in the hard struggle for the +sovereignty of the world.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 79. + +285a. All that other nations attained in centuries of natural +development--political union, colonial possessions, naval power, +international trade--was denied to our nation until quite recently. +What we now wish to attain must be _fought for_, and won, against a +superior force of hostile interests and powers.--GENERAL V. BERNHARDI, +G.N.W., p. 84. + +286. Since almost every part of the globe is inhabited, new territory +must, as a rule, be obtained at the cost of its possessors--that is to +say, by conquest, which thus becomes a law of necessity.--GENERAL v. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 21. + +287. Success is necessary to gain influence over the masses, and this +influence can only be obtained by continually appealing to the +national imagination and enlisting its interest in great universal +ideas and great national ambitions.... We Germans have a far greater +and more urgent duty towards civilization to perform than the Great +Asiatic Power. We, like the Japanese, can only fulfil it by the +sword.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 258. + + +=War need not be Defensive.= + +288. Ye say it is the good cause which halloweth even war? I say unto +you, it is the good war which halloweth every cause.--FR. NIETZSCHE, +Z., "War and Warriors." + +289. We must not think merely of external foes who compel us to fight. +A war may seem to be forced upon a statesman by the condition of home +affairs, or by the pressure of the whole political situation.--GENERAL +v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 38. + +290. The moral duty of the State towards its citizens is to begin the +struggle while the prospects of success and the political +circumstances are still tolerably favourable. When, on the other hand, +the hostile States are weakened or hampered by affairs at home and +abroad, but its own warlike strength shows elements of superiority, it +is imperative to use the favourable circumstances to promote its own +political aims.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 53. + +291. The lessons of history confirm the view that wars which have been +deliberately provoked by far-seeing statesmen have had the happiest +results.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 45. + +_See also No. 382._ + + +=Contempt for Peace.= + +292. Ye shall love peace as a means to new wars--and the short peace +more than the long.--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z., "War and Warriors." + +292a. Only over the black gate of the cemetery ... can we read the +words, "Eternal peace for all peoples." For peoples who live and +strive, the only maxim and motto must be Eternal War.--K. WAGNER, K., +p. 217. + +293. The reception of the Tsar's [Peace] Manifesto was anything but +friendly.... The learned world, also, was for the most part hostile to +the idea underlying the Manifesto, and such a man as Mommsen could +even, amid great applause, characterize the proposed Conference as "a +misprint in world-history."--A.H. FRIED, H.D.F., Vol. I., p. 205. + +294. The German who loves his people, and believes in the greatness +and the future of our home ... must not let himself be lazily sung to +sleep by the peace-lullabies of the Utopians.--KRONPRINZ WILHELM, +D.I.W., Chapter I. + +295. A long peace not only leads to enervation, but allows of the +existence of a multitude of pitiful, trembling miserable-creatures +[_Notexistenzen_] ... who cling fast to life with loud cries about +their "right" to exist, block the way for real strength, make the air +foetid, and altogether defile the blood of the nation. War brings +real strength into honour again.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 164. + +296. Let us laugh with all our lungs at the old women in trousers who +are afraid of war, and therefore complain that it is cruel and +hideous. No, war is beautiful. Its august grandeur elevates the heart +of man high above all that is commonplace and earthly.--O. V. +GOTTBERG, in _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_, 25th January, +1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 2. + +297. Efforts to secure peace are extraordinarily detrimental to the +national health so soon as they influence politics.--GENERAL V. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 28. + +298. People are too much given to sentimental maunderings. To what +practical end had the vaunted Hague Peace Meetings led? The 100,000 +marks spent on the Peace Palace would much better have been devoted to +the support of needy veterans.--GENERAL KEIM, at meeting of the German +Defence League, Cassel, February, 1913. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 82. + +299. The worst of hypocrisies is the participation by Germany in the +Hague Conference.... We should do better to leave that farce to those +who, for centuries, have made of hypocrisy an industry and a +habit.--PROF. E. HASSE, Z.D.V., p. 132. + +300. We can, fortunately, assert the impossibility of these efforts +after peace ever attaining their ultimate object in a world bristling +with arms, where a healthy egoism still directs the policy of most +countries.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 36. + +301. The so-called world-peace is not order, but chaos. It means in +the first place the forcible dominion of capitalists and the +proletariat [!] over the productive powers of the nations, and lastly, +in the struggle of all against all, a return to those prehistoric +conditions out of which, in the opinion of our "cosmopolitans," all +our culture took its rise.--_Der Reichsbote_, 14th March, 1913. +NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 26. + +302. A people of parasites like the Jews strives, with all the +instincts of its craving for power and for wealth, towards the +abolition of war, for if that could be effected its work of +disintegrating the living bodies of the nations could go on +unhindered.--F. LANGE, R.D., p. 158 (1893). + +303. As for the whinings of M. de Bloch and Frau v. Suttner with +regard to the horrors of modern war, they are imbecilities to which we +can make a statistical answer. Statistics prove that two years of +peace cost Germany more violent deaths (suicides, accidents, murders) +than the whole war of 1870-71 cost us--that war without +parallel.[29]--D.B.B., p. 206. + +304. Sentimental maunderings about humanity and peace were bringing us +face to face with the danger that cosmopolitanism might overshadow +Germanism, and that the Nobel Prize might actually be offered to our +Kaiser.--EXCELLENZ v. WROCHEM, at meeting of Pan-German League, +Augsburg, September, 1912. NIPPOLD, D.C., p. 72. + +_See also Nos. 217, 244, 253, 314, 316, 317, 319._ + + +=Militarism Exultant.= + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +305. I have lived for forty-five years mainly in the society of +Germans, and thirty years exclusively in German countries ... and my +testimony is this: _in the whole of Germany there has not been for the +past forty-three years a single man who has wished for war--not one_. +Whoever denies this, lies.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 11. + +305a. It is only in war that we find the action of true heroism, the +realization of which on earth is the care of militarism. That is why +war appears to us, who are filled with militarism, as in itself a holy +thing, as the holiest thing on earth.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. +88. + +306. Every age requires its war, lest civilization stagnate.--O.A.H. +SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 116. + +307. + + Bestir you, my comrades! To horse, to horse! + And away to the field and to freedom....[30] + +Truly a splendid song. It thrills through all our muscles, and makes +us feel as though we ourselves would like once more to take our share +in a joyous fight.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, pt. I., p. 4. + +_Compare No. 241._ + +308. Anti-militarism was enraptured. What we had laboriously built up +through the cultivation of the warlike spirit sank to ruins.... God be +eternally praised! The great masses of the people would have nothing +to say to these doctrines of the evil of war.... It appeared as clear +as daylight that we had always been right, and that the warlike +spirit, that deepest and purest joy of the great heart of our people, +was unshaken and unchanged. The warlike spirit, the love of war and +the craving for battle, was no imaginary characteristic of our +people--no, and a thousand times no!--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7. + +309. The tempest of patriotic exaltation is sweeping through the +German land, and Treitschke's solemn pronouncement as to war being a +fountain of health for the people has all of a sudden risen into +renewed estimation. The war has swept the tedious patience-game of the +diplomats off the table and set the brazen dice of the battlefield +rolling in its stead.--F. v. LISZT, E.M.S., "Geleitwort," p. 1. + +310. Our long years of peace, full of honest, but, alas! also of +dishonest, work, had brought us no blessing. We breathed again when +the war came.--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., p. 61. + +311. Over the blood of the fallen glows the flame of poetic +enthusiasm. A war without dead and wounded is a life without work, +without aim and without hope.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7. + +_Compare Nos. 250, 254._ + +312. When the summons to war rang out, in thousands and thousands of +families people searched the Holy Scriptures, to know what was God's +message for the event of war; and the dear Bible-Book, which never +leaves us in the lurch, brought to the searcher strength, counsel and +consolation. The Old Testament, under-valued by many, now became, all +of a sudden, the book for everyday reading.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, +D.K.U.W., p. 5. + +313. The order in which the nations take rank cannot be determined in +time of peace, by standards of reason, not only because the majority +of overfed ruminants would always keep the Lion encaged, but because +only in war can the Lion prove his lionlikeness to others, and--what +is still more important--to himself.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 3. + +314. [Materialism and millionairism were playing havoc in Germany.] At +last the spectre of materialism penetrated into the palaces of the +dynastic leaders of our people, and from that day began the preaching +of the blessings of everlasting peace. At the same time there began a +hateful campaign of slander against all true patriots, against all +ethical champions of war (_Ethiker des Krieges_.)--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., +p. 6. + +315. The laurels of this bloodless victory [the victory of the war +spirit] belong to that part of the German teaching profession which +has remained true to its patriotic duties!--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 8. + +316. Though clever writers sometimes speak of the Kaiser's romantic +proclivities, his earnest searching of the Scriptures has brought him +to such a sober way of thinking that he has steered clear of all +Utopias, and has not allowed himself to be led astray by the empty +dreams of pacifist enthusiasm.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 16. + +317. We have no knowledge of pacifist utterances of representative +Germans of any time. The wretched book of the aged Kant, on "Perpetual +Peace" ... is the only inglorious exception. Such utterances would +indeed amount to a sin against the holy spirit of Germanism, which, +from the depths of its heroism, cannot possibly arrive at any view +other than a high appreciation of war.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. +93. + +318. One or other of the English swashbucklers has recently said that +the Allies are not fighting against the Germany of Beethoven and +Goethe, but against the Germany of Bismarck, of which they have had +too much.... But Faust and the Ninth Symphony strongly resemble the +mighty works of the great artsmith, Bismarck.--K. ENGELBRECHT, +D.D.D.K., p. 61. + +319. How far our classic age ... was removed from a depreciation and +rejection of war is shown by the attitude assumed by a spirit so +pathetically calm and aloof as Jean Paul, who nevertheless called war +the strengthening iron cure of humanity, and maintained, indeed, that +this held good more for the side which suffers than for that which +wins. The fever caused by the wounds of war was, in his opinion, +better than the jail fever of a loathsome peace.--PROF. W. SOMBART, +H.U.H., p. 94. + +320. It is monstrous that even high spiritual dignitaries can be +found, in our days, to tell their adherents that war is a misfortune, +and that such utterances can actually be printed by the official +press.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 7. + +321. Just imagine our humanity of to-day--I mean, of course, our +German humanity--without its military education. Non-German humanity +gives us some idea of what that would mean!--H. v. WOLZOGEN, G.Z.K., +p. 60. + +322. If we are to carry on the warlike education of our people--and we +are resolved to do so--then we by that very fact affirm our constant +readiness again to enter upon a war, as soon as our honour, our inward +or outward growth, or the expansive tendencies rooted in the inmost +nature of our people, demand it.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No. +24, p. 17. + +323. The incomparably greater efficiency of army administration, even +in questions of civil life, has everywhere made a deep impression +during the present war, and has opened the eyes of many. One has +constantly heard people exclaim: "Oh, it could only continue after the +war!"--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, P.I., p. 116. + +324. Oh, that Germany would learn from this war to send out soldiers +only--Generals and ex-officers of the General Staff--as German +diplomatists, ambassadors and consuls!--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 17. + +325. We must not look for permanent peace as a result of this war. +Heaven defend Germany from that.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 19. + +_See also Nos. 91, 192a, 195, 217._ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[26] Down to this point Burckhardt is condensing a paragraph from Ernst +v. Lasaulx, "Philosophie der Geschichte," 1856 p. 85. + +[27] Quoted in original. + +[28] Written in 1885. + +[29] Klaus Wagner (_Krieg_, p. 223) has a long statistical argument to +the same effect. He says that 41,000 men lost their lives in 1870-71, +and estimates on this basis that, in a repetition of that war, the +Germany of his own time (1906) would lose only one man in every 1,600 +of her population. The confident assumption that the next war could be +nothing but 1870 over again underlies all German speculation on the +subject. + +[30] From Schiller's _Wallensteins Lager_. + + + + +IV + +RUTHLESSNESS + + + + +IV + +RUTHLESSNESS + + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +326. War is an act of violence whose object is to constrain the enemy, +to accomplish our will.... Insignificant limitations, hardly worthy of +mention, which it imposes on itself, under the name of the law of +nations, accompany this violence without notably enfeebling +it.--GENERAL C v. CLAUSEWITZ, V.K., Vol. i., p. 4. + +327. I warn you against pity: from it will one day arise a heavy cloud +for men. Verily, I am weatherwise!--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z. _Of the +Pitiful._ + +328. The Germans let the primitive Prussian tribes decide whether they +should be put to the sword or thoroughly Germanized. Cruel as these +processes of transformation may be, they are a blessing for humanity. +It makes for health that the nobler race should absorb the inferior +stock.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i, p. 121. + +329. Much that is dreadful and inhuman in history, much that one +hardly likes to believe, is mitigated by the reflection that the one +who commands and the one who carries out are different persons--the +former does not behold the sight, therefore does not experience the +strong impression on the imagination; the latter obeys a superior and +therefore feels no responsibility.--FR. NIETZSCHE, H.T.H., section +101. + +330. The warrior has need of passion. It must not ... be regarded as a +necessary evil; nor condemned as a regrettable consequence of physical +contact; nor must we seek to restrain it and curb it as a savage and +brutal force.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII., p. 122. + +331. One must ... resist all sentimental weakness: life is _in its +essence_ appropriation, injury, the overpowering of whatever is +foreign to us and weaker than ourselves, suppression, hardness, the +forcing upon others of our own forms, the incorporation of others, +or, at the very least and mildest, their exploitation.--FR. NIETZSCHE, +B.G.E., section 259. + +332. We may depend upon the re-Germanizing of Alsace, but not of +Livonia and Kurland. There no other course is open to us but to keep +the subject race in as uncivilized a condition as possible, and thus +prevent them from becoming a danger to their handful of +conquerors.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i, p. 122. + +333. A morality of the ruling class [has for] its principle that one +has duties only to one's equals; that one may act towards beings of a +lower rank, towards all that is foreign, just as seems good to one ... +and in any case "beyond good and evil."--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., +section 260. + +334. The "argument of war" permits every belligerent State to have +recourse to all means which enable it to attain the object of the war; +still, practice has taught the advisability of allowing in one's own +interest the introduction of a limitation in the use of certain +methods of war, and a total renunciation of the use of others.... If +in the following work the expression "the law of war" is used, it must +be understood that by it is meant only ... a limitation of arbitrary +behaviour which custom and conventionality, human friendliness and a +calculating egoism have erected, but for the observance of which there +exists no express sanction, but only "the fear of reprisals" +decides.--G.W.B., pp. 52, 53. + +335. A new type of philosophers and commanders will some time or other +be needed, at the very idea of which everything that has existed in +the way of occult, terrible and benevolent [!] beings might look pale +and dwarfed. The image of such leaders hovers before our eyes.... The +conditions which one would have partly to create and partly to utilize +for their genesis [include] a transvaluation of values, under the new +pressure and hammer of which a conscience should be steeled and a +heart transformed to brass, so as to bear the weight of such +responsibility.--FR. NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 203. + +336. Since the tendency of thought of the last century was dominated +essentially by humanitarian considerations which not infrequently +degenerated into sentimentality and weak emotionalism, there have not +been wanting attempts to influence the development of the usages of +war in a way which was in fundamental contradiction with the nature of +war and its object. Attempts of this kind will also not be wanting in +the future, the more so as these agitations have found a kind of moral +recognition in some provisions of the Geneva Convention and the +Brussels and Hague Conferences.... The danger can only be met by a +thorough study of war itself. By steeping himself in military history +an officer will be able to guard himself against excessive +humanitarian notions, it will teach him that certain severities are +indispensable to war, nay, more, that the only true humanity very +often lies in a ruthless application of them.--G.W.B., pp. 54, 55. + +337. Those very men who are so strictly kept within bounds by good +manners ... who, in their behaviour to one another, show themselves so +inventive in consideration, self-control, delicacy, loyalty, pride and +friendship--those very men are to the outside world, to things foreign +and to foreign countries, little better than so many uncaged beasts of +prey. Here they enjoy liberty from all social restraint ... and become +rejoicing monsters, who perhaps go on their way, after a hideous +sequence of murder, conflagration, violation, torture, with as much +gaiety and equanimity as if they had merely taken part in some student +gambols.... Deep in the nature of all these noble races there lurks +unmistakably the beast of prey, the _blond beast_, lustfully roving in +search of booty and victory.--FR. NIETZSCHE, G.M., i., II. + +338. However much it may ruffle human feeling to compel a man to do +harm to his own Fatherland, and indirectly to fight his own troops, +none the less no army operating in an enemy's country will altogether +renounce this expedient.--G.W.B., p. 117. + +339. A still more severe measure is the compulsion of the inhabitants +to furnish information about their own army, its strategy, its +resources, and its military secrets. The majority of writers of all +nations are unanimous in their condemnation of this measure. +Nevertheless it cannot be entirely dispensed with; doubtless it will +be applied with regret, but the argument of war will frequently make +it necessary.--G.W.B., p. 118. + +340. That the lambs should bear a grudge against the great birds of +prey is in no way surprising; but that is no reason why we should +blame the great birds of prey for picking up the lambs.... To demand +of strength that it should _not_ manifest itself as strength, that it +should _not_ be a will for overcoming, for overthrowing, for mastery, +a thirst for enemies, for struggles and triumphs, is as absurd as to +demand of weakness that it should manifest itself as strength.--FR. +NIETZSCHE, G.M., i., 13. + +341. It is a gratuitous illusion to suppose that modern war does not +demand far more brutality, far more violence, and an action far more +general than was formerly the case.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. +xiv., p. 89. + +342. The enemy State must not be spared the want and wretchedness of +war; these are particularly useful in shattering its energy and +subduing its will.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. xiii., p. 459. + +343. We ... believe that [man's] Will to Life had to be intensified +into unconditional Will to Power; we hold that hardness, violence, +slavery, danger in the street and in the heart, secrecy, stoicism, +arts of temptation and devilry of all kinds; that everything evil, +terrible, tyrannical, wild-beast-like and serpent-like in man +contributes to the elevation of the species just as much as its +opposite--and in saying this we do not even say enough.--FR. +NIETZSCHE, B.G.E., section 44. + +344. Even if there were no question of vengeance, even if we were not +demanding reparation for ancient wrongs ... the crime (_Frevel_) of +opposing the development of Germany is so great that the most +trenchant measures are scarcely a sufficient punishment for +it!--D.B.B., p. 214. + +345. Whoever enters upon a war in future, will do well to look only to +his own interests, and pay no heed to any so-called international law. +He will do well to act without consideration and without scruple, and +this holds good in the case of a war with England.[31]--D.B.B., p. +214. + +346. Hatred, delight in mischief, rapacity and ambition, and whatever +else is called evil, belong to the marvellous economy of the +conservation of the race.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section 1. + +347. Individual persons may be harshly dealt with when an example +is made of them, intended to serve as a warning.... Whenever a +national war breaks out, terrorism becomes a necessary military +principle.--GENERAL v. HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII, p. 462. + +348. Terrorism is seen to be a relatively gentle procedure, useful to +keep in a state of obedience the masses of the people.--GENERAL V. +HARTMANN, D.R., Vol. XIII, p. 462. + +349. To protect oneself against attack and injuries from the +inhabitants, and to employ ruthlessly the necessary means of defence +and intimidation is obviously not only a right but a duty of the staff +of the army.--G.W.B., p. 120. + +350. The more pitiless is the _vae victis_, the greater is the security +of the ensuing peace. In the days of old, conquered peoples were +completely annihilated. To-day this is _physically_ impracticable, but +one can imagine conditions which should approach very closely to total +destruction.--D.B.B., p. 214. + +_Compare Nos. 196, 197._ + +351. International law is in no way opposed to the exploitation of the +crimes of third parties (assassination, incendiarism, robbery and the +like) to the prejudice of the enemy.--G.W.B., p. 85. + +352. In reality the evil impulses are just in as high a degree +expedient, indispensable, and conservative of the species as the +good--only, their function is different.--FR. NIETZSCHE, J.W., section +4. + +353. If the [small] nations in question have nothing Germanic in them, +and are therefore foreign to our Kultur, the question at once arises: +Do they stand in the way of our expansion, or do they not? In the +latter case, let them develop as their nature prescribes; in the +former case, it would be folly to spare them, for they would be like a +wedge in our flesh, which we refrained from extracting only for their +own sake. If we found ourselves forced to break up the historical form +of the nation, in order to separate its racial elements, taking what +belongs to our race[32] and rejecting what is foreign to it, we ought +not therefore to have any moral scruples or to think ourselves +inhuman. (In this connection I refer the reader to my later chapter on +humanity[33]).--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 130. + +354. Article 40 of the Declaration of Brussels requires that +requisitions ... shall bear a direct relation to the capacity and +resources of a country, and, indeed, the justification for this +condition would be willingly recognized by every one in theory, but it +will scarcely ever be observed in practice. In cases of necessity, the +needs of an army will alone decide.--G.W.B., p. 134. + +355. In spite of his delight in mere success, in spite of his +recklessness in the choice of men and methods, in spite of all the +harshness and brutality which his nature must acquire, the true +statesman displays a disinterestedness which cannot fail to +impress.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 58. + +356. Verily, ye good and just; much in you is laughable, and most of +all your fear of what hath hitherto been called "devil"! ... I guess +that you will call my Superman "devil"!--FR. NIETZSCHE, Z. _Of Manly +Prudence_. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +357. Our troops are assured of their mission; and they recognize +clearly, too, that the truest compassion lies in taking the sternest +measures, in order to bring the war itself to an early close.--PASTOR +G. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 6. + +358. How much further would Germany have got in Alsace-Lorraine, if it +had modelled its policy on Cromwell's treatment of Ulster, and had not +been misled by weak humanitarianism!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 93. + +359. In the midst of this bewildering uproar, the soul again learns +the truth of the old doctrine: it is the whole man that matters, and +not his individual acts; it is the soul that gives value to the deeds, +not the deeds to the soul.--PASTOR G. TRAUB, D.K.U.S., p. 6. + +_Compare Nietzsche, passim._ + +360. We are not only compelled to accept the war that is forced upon +us ... but are even compelled to carry on this war with a cruelty, a +ruthlessness, an employment of every imaginable device, unknown in any +previous war.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No. 24, p. 7. + +361. Whoever cannot prevail upon himself to approve from the bottom of +his heart the sinking of the _Lusitania_--whoever cannot conquer his +sense of the gigantic cruelty (_ungeheure Grausamkeit_) to unnumbered +perfectly innocent victims ... and give himself up to honest delight +at this victorious exploit of German defensive power--him we judge to +be no true German.--PASTOR D. BAUMGARTEN, D.R.S.Z., No. 24, p. 7.[34] + +_See also No. 423._ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[31] Observe that these two utterances are not shrieks of the war +frenzy, but are the reflections of a German patriot in the year of +grace 1900. + +[32] The author does not explain how Germanic elements are to be +discovered in peoples which he has assumed to have nothing Germanic in +them. + +[33] This chapter is an ingenious disquisition to prove that humanity +may be all very well for inferior races, but that Germanism cannot be +hampered by its restraints. + +[34] This and the previous extract are taken from an address on the +Sermon on the Mount! + + + + +V + +MACHIAVELISM + + + + +V + +MACHIAVELISM + + +=Mendacity and Faithlessness.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +362. A stock of inherited conceptions of integrity and morality is a +necessity for government.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 317. + +363. When one really meditates a war, one must say no word about it; +one must envelop one's designs in a profound mystery; then, suddenly +and without warning, one leaps like a thief in the night--as the +Japanese destroyers leapt upon the unsuspecting Port Arthur, as +Frederick II. threw himself upon Silesia.[35]--A. WIRTH, U.A.P., p. +36. + +364. The brilliant Florentine was the first to infuse into politics +the great idea that the State is Power. The consequences of this +thought are far-reaching. It is the truth, and those who dare not face +it had better leave politics alone.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. +85. + +365. As real might can alone guarantee the endurance of peace and +security, and as war is the best test of real might, war contains the +promise of future peace. But it must if possible [_womoeglich_] be a +righteous and honourable war, something in the nature of a war of +defence.--J. BURCKHARDT, W.B., p. 164. + +366. It was Machiavelli who first laid down the maxim that when the +State's salvation is at stake there must be no enquiry into the purity +of the means employed; only let the State be secured and no one will +condemn them.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 83. + +367. The relations between two States must often be termed a latent +war, which is provisionally being waged in peaceful rivalry. Such a +position justifies the employment of hostile methods, cunning and +deception, just as war itself does.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. +49. + +368. The statesman has no right to warm his hands with smug +self-laudation at the smoking ruins of his Fatherland, and comfort +himself by saying, "I have never lied"; this is the monkish type of +virtue.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol i., p. 104. + +369. Belligerent States are always and exclusively in a pure state of +nature, in which there cannot possibly be any question or right [or +law].--E. v. HARTMANN, quoted by EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 12. + +370. How markedly Bismarck's grand frankness in large matters stands +out amidst all his craft in single instances.[36]--H. V. TREITSCHKE, +P., Vol. i., p. 90. + +371. Let it be the task of our diplomacy so to shuffle the cards that +we may be attacked by France, for then there would be reasonable +prospect that Russia for a time would remain neutral.... But we must +not hope to bring about this attack by waiting passively. Neither +France, nor Russia, nor England need to attack in order to further +their interests.... If we wish to bring about an attack by our +opponents, we must initiate an active policy which, without attacking +France, will so prejudice her interests or those of England, that both +these States would feel themselves compelled to attack us. +Opportunities for such procedure are offered both in Africa and in +Europe.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 280. + +372. When an unconscientious speculator is telling lies upon the Stock +Exchange he is thinking only of his own profit, but when a diplomat is +guilty of obscuring facts in a diplomatic negotiation he is thinking +of his country.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, P., Vol i., p. 91. + +373. It is natural, and within certain limits, politically a matter of +course, that the German Emperor should have thought that, until +Germany had a strong fleet, we must try to keep on good terms with +England, and even, on occasion, to make concessions.--GRAF E. V. +REVENTLOW, D.A.P., p. 60. + +374. No State can pledge its future to another. It knows no arbiter, +and draws up all its treaties with this implied reservation.... +Moreover, every sovereign State has the undoubted right to declare war +at its pleasure, and is consequently entitled to repudiate its +treaties.--H. v. TREITSCHKE, p. i., 28. + +375. The question of alliances in war is always an open one, for +circumstances may at any moment arise such as Bismarck referred to +when he said: "No power is bound [or, we will add, entitled][37] to +sacrifice important interests of its own on the altar of faithfulness +to an alliance!"--GRAF E. v. REVENTLOW, D.A.P., p. 22. + +376. It was a most serious mistake in German policy that a final +settling of accounts with France was not effected at a time when the +state of international affairs was favourable and success might +confidently have been expected.... This policy somewhat resembles the +supineness for which England has herself to blame, when she refused +her assistance to the Southern States in the American War of +Secession.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 239. + +377. Since England committed the unpardonable blunder, from her point +of view, of not supporting the Southern States in the American War of +Secession, a rival to England's world-wide Empire has appeared on the +other side of the Atlantic.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 95. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +378. Perhaps the greatest danger for us Germans--greatest because it +does not threaten us from without, but within our own hearts--is our +magnanimity. O, there is something glorious about this virtue, and we +Germans may be quite particularly proud of possessing it.... But woe +to the people which does not stand as one man behind the statesman +who, by dint of hard struggles with his own soul, has fought his way +to the only true standpoint--namely, that _in international relations +magnanimity is wholly out of place_, and that here the voice of +expediency can alone be heard.--EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 12. + +379. Through our policy of peace ... we deprive ourselves of the right +of determining the time for bringing about a decision by force of +arms, as Bismarck did in three wars, in which, thanks to his +diplomatic adroitness, he forced upon his adversaries the outward +appearance of declaring war, while in reality Prussia-Germany was the +assailant. Bismarck is quoted in Germany as having discouraged +preventive wars.... But we must not forget that the three great wars +which Bismarck waged were in fact preventive. Even in 1870 the +outbreak of war might have been stayed. It was only the brilliant +manipulation (_geniale Fassung_) of the Ems telegram that put France +in the wrong and drove her into war, just as Bismarck had +foreseen.--K. v. STRANTZ, E.S.V., p. 38. + +380. For the will of the State, no other principle exists but that of +_expediency_ (_Zweckmaessigkeit_), which is at the same time +_selfishness_; not, however, the short-sighted selfishness commended by +Machiavelli, but _far-seeing, shrewdly-calculating_ selfishness.--EIN +DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 11. + +381. Far-seeing selfishness does not exclude the endeavour to win the +confidence of other nations, which can be won only by honesty. _But +this honesty, at any rate on vital questions, ought on no account to +be carried to the pitch of inexpedient Quixotism._ EIN DEUTSCHER, +W.K.B.M., p. 11. + +382. War was in our eyes the most honourable and the holiest means of +awakening the people from its dazed condition. Whether this war came +as an aggressive or as a defensive war was, in principle, a matter of +indifference. That it came to us in the form of a war of defence was +one of those historical strokes of luck which God vouchsafes to those +peoples whom He loves. The time has not yet come to enquire whether +the leaders of German foreign policy took deliberate measures to place +us in the attitude of defence which the masses always regard as more +moral. It may perhaps be so; but it is far from impossible that the +disinclination for war which placed certain high dignitaries of the +German Empire in constant opposition to the will of the people may +have so far imposed upon our adversaries as to induce them to attack +us.--K.A. KUHN, W.U.W., p. 9. + +383. Treaties under international law are no more than _the formulated +expression of the existent relations of power between States_. If +these relations of power have so far changed that the real or +imaginary vital interests of one of the States demand and render +possible the alteration of such treaties, it is the simple duty of the +leader of that State to effect the alteration by all conceivable +means, so long as the risk does not appear greater than the +anticipated advantage.--EIN DEUTSCHER, W.K.B.M., p. 7. + + +=Might is Right.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +384. The law of the strong holds good everywhere.--GENERAL V. +BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 18. + +385. What does right matter to me? I have no need of it. What I can +acquire by force, that I possess and enjoy; what I cannot obtain, I +renounce, and I set up no pretensions to indefeasible right.... I have +the right to do what I have the power to do.--M. STIRNER, D.E.S.E., p. +275. + +386. Might is the supreme right, and the dispute as to what is right +is decided by the arbitrament of war. War gives a biologically just +decision.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 23. + +387. Let it not be said that every people has a right to its existence +(_Bestand_), its speech, &c. By making play with this principle, one +may put on a cheap appearance of civilization, but only so long as the +people in question ... does not stand in the way of any more powerful +people.--J.L. REIMER, E.P.D., p. 129. + +388. It is a persistent struggle for possessions, power and +sovereignty that primarily governs the relations of one nation to +another, and right is respected so far only as it is compatible with +advantage.--GENERAL v. BERNHARDI, G.N.W., p. 19. + +389. The earth is constantly being divided anew among the strong and +powerful. The smaller peoples disappear; they are necessarily absorbed +by their larger neighbours.--PROF. E. HASSE, D.G., p. 169. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +390. It is a base calumny to attribute to us the brutal principle that +might is equivalent to right.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 29, +p. 23. + +391. In the age of the most tremendous mobilization of physical and +spiritual forces the world has ever seen, we proclaim--no, we do not +proclaim it, but it reveals itself--the Religion of Strength.--PROF. +A. DEISSMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 9, p. 24. + +_See also Nos. 84, 499._ + +FOOTNOTES: + +[35] Frederick the Great's principle was: "When kings want war they +begin it, and leave learned professors to come after and prove that it +was just." + +[36] In other words, Bismarck always told the truth when it was +absolutely convenient. + +[37] Reventlow's interpolation. + + + + +VI + +ENGLAND, FRANCE & BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND + + + + +VI + +ENGLAND, FRANCE & BELGIUM--ESPECIALLY ENGLAND + + +=The False Islanders.= + +(BEFORE THE WAR.) + +392. The climate, the want of wine, and lack of beautiful scenery, +have all been obstacles in the way of English Kultur. H. V. +TREITSCHKE, P., Vol. i., p. 222. + +393. The English nationalism is also cosmopolitanism: the service of +his own nation appears to the Englishman the service of mankind. For +he regards his own nation as the mistress of the highest +Kultur-treasures, to which other nations look up in order to admire +and imitate. Thus Anglification is identified with the furtherance of +human Kultur.--G. v. SCHULZE-GAEVERNITZ, B.I., p. 49. + +394. England's strength resides in arrogant self-esteem, Germany's +greatness in the modest appreciation of everything foreign. England +is self-seeking to the point of insanity, Germany is just even to +self-depreciation.--TH. FONTANE (about 1854), E.B., p. 389. + +395. At the time of the illness of the Emperor Frederick, Treitschke, +at the end of a long speech, summed up his sentiments in these words: +"It must come to this that no German dog shall for evermore accept a +piece of bread from the hand of an Englishman." These words, uttered +in an outburst of passion, aroused no mirth, but went to the heart of +the audience.--E.B., p. 395. + +396. After the Boer War, Wildenbruch was done with England.... She was +dead for him, and erased from the Book of Life. All the contempt which +now leads us to raise, not the sword, but the whip, against that +abortion compounded of low greed and shameless hypocrisy, he then +screamed out to the world in words which we could not even to-day make +bitterer or more scathing.--PROF. B. LITZMANN, D.R.S.Z., No. 12, p. 13. + +397. It is just as Schleiermacher said a hundred years ago: "These +false islanders, wrongly admired by many, have no other watchword but +gain and enjoyment. They are never in earnest about anything that +transcends practical utility."--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 37. + + +(AFTER JULY, 1914.) + +=Hymns of Hate.= + +398. The war has laid bare the British soul, and a cold shudder goes +through the Germanic Kultur-world.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 52. + +398a. A hundred times more glowing than our steel, shall the mark of +our contempt be branded upon thee. Wander thou as a lonely Ahasuerus, +restless and unhappy, over land and sea. And if thou sayest, "I have +flung the firebrand of hell from earth to heaven, over sea and land, I +have struck God and mankind in the face, and must now bear all their +curses, an everlasting stigma seared with fire," then shalt thou speak +the truth for the first time.--OTTO RIEMASCH, quoted in H.A.H., p. 49. + +399. No people has done so much harm to civilization as the +English.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 122. + +400. King William I. issued on August 11, 1870, a proclamation to the +effect that "Germany made war only against the armies of the enemy, +not against the civil population."... There can be no doubt that, in +the case of an eventual landing in England, the proclamation of the +Emperor William II. to the English people would be couched in very +different terms from those in which King William I. addressed the +people of France.--A HAMBURG MERCHANT, E.S.S.H., pp. 8, 10. + +401. England has nothing but the instincts of a beast of prey. This +alone can explain her foreign and domestic policy of the past decades. +Her one object has been to increase her outward possessions and to let +her own people starve.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 6. + +401a. We willingly leave to the Britons their "freedom." It is nothing +but the freedom of the English aristocracy to impose its will on the +English people. It is the freedom of individuals, bought with the +misery of millions and with the blood of hirelings.--PROF. W. V. +BLUME, D.D.M., p. 21. + +_But see No. 432, on the disgusting "comfort" of the British workman._ + +402. We need not be ashamed of our hatred [for England]. It is rooted +in our love for our innocently suffering fellow-countrymen. This +sanctifies it. The Gospel does not say, "If any one strikes thy child +on the right cheek, turn to him also the left cheek of thy child," It +speaks only of one's own cheek. But it also speaks of the hell-fire of +which the offender stands in danger.--PROF. R. LEONHARD, D.R.S.Z., +No. 16. + +403. Our war expenses will be paid by the vanquished. The +black-white-red flag shall float over all seas.... The whole world +shall stand open to us, to develop the energy of the German nature in +unhampered competition.... We must break the tyranny which England, in +base self-seeking and shameless contempt of law, exercises over the +seas.--PROF. O. v. GIERKE, D.R.S.Z., No. 2, p. 23. + +404. It is high time to shake off the illusion that there is any moral +law, or any historical consideration, that imposes upon us any sort of +restraint with regard to England. Only absolute ruthlessness makes any +impression on the Englishman; anything else he regards as weakness.... +_A corsaire, corsaire et demi!_--PROF. O. FLAMM, E.B., p. 400. + +405. That foreign Kulturs offer us things of spiritual value, whether +it be for our enjoyment or by way of a challenge, is true--always, of +course, with the exception of England, which does not produce anything +of spiritual value.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 137. + +406. Our real fight is against England, the master of calculation. The +miraculous fights against the commonplace, German spirit against +English shrewdness, imperturbable heroism against crafty statesmanship. +Even those people who now think that they are fighting in the name of +civilization against us barbarians, will shortly discover their +mistake, and recognize the German miracle which has come to save the +world from the spirit of calculating rationalism.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, +D.W.D., p. 105. + +407. It is certain that the present generation of continental Europe, +which has been for fifteen months a daily witness of Great Britain's +_barbarous_ and infamous conduct of the war--the unexampled massacres, +the shameless political falsity and hypocrisy, the cowardly +ill-treatment of prisoners and wounded!--cannot possibly make any move +towards reconciliation.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 113. + +408. Hastily, and just at the time appointed for the murder of Franz +Ferdinand, a friendly visit of battleships to Kiel is arranged[38]--for +the other attempts to spy out the harbour had failed.--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 67. + +408a. We have now ascertained that the plan for the assassination of +the Austrian Crown-Prince was known in the Serbian Legation in London, +and we shall certainly soon learn that it was known in other places as +well.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 7. + +409. That the blood-guiltiness of this "greatest crime in +world-history" lies at the door of _England alone_ and that she has +for more than forty years been plotting the _annihilation_ of her +dangerous German competitor, has been established by numerous facts +... and, during the past three months, by the naive admissions of +English statesmen.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 113. + +410. It is a pity that Nietzsche did not live to see the success of +his teaching in England.... Britain may claim to have bred the +Superman in the highest potency yet attained. He has made a clean +sweep of the old British morality. He is coldly and unfeelingly +inspired by a _frightful craving for power_, that wades through +rivers of blood, and knows neither compunction nor pity. These are +weaknesses which the Superman has conquered.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., +p. 9. + +_But see No. 132._ + +411. It is a pity that men like Newton, Darwin, Shakespeare, +Marlborough, Nelson, Wellington, Spurgeon, etc., should have their +birth recorded in British registers. But they are exceptions. Among +the millions of the Cities of the Plain, there must be a few just +men.--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE, D.S.E.S.D., p. 15. + +411a. Death and destruction to the poison-mixers on the banks of the +Thames! Cain, Ahab, Judas, Ephialtes, and the disciples of these +master-assassins, whatever they may be called, are positive heroes in +comparison with the ruffians who, jeering at all Kultur, have +committed a crime against innocent blood which no words can +characterize.--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE,[39] D.S.E.S.D., p. 4. + +412. The unexampled sorrow and need begotten by the gigantic world-war +conjured up by England's brutal egoism--"_the greatest crime in the +whole world-history_"--has inclined many suffering people to +suicide.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 39. + +413. [Title.] "The Greatest Criminal against Humanity of the Twentieth +Century, KING EDWARD VII. OF ENGLAND. A Curse Pamphlet +(_Fluchschrift_),[40] by Lieutenant-Colonel Reinhold Wagner." He it +was, he it was that kindled the world-war. He was the incarnation of +the boundless selfishness and unscrupulousness of Englishism +(_Englaendertum_). Opening words of above-cited pamphlet. + +414. White snow, white snow, fall, fall for seven weeks; all may'st +thou cover, far and wide, but never England's shame; white snow, white +snow, never the sins of England.--G. FALCK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 50. + + +=British Vices--Hypocrisy, Envy and Greed.= + +415. England thinks the hour has come for our annihilation. Why does +she want to annihilate us? Because she cannot forgive our strength, +our industry, our prosperity! There is no other explanation![41]--PROF. +A. v. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 25. + +416. No other people has misused its riches as England has. With a +hypocritically virtuous air, the British Chauvinist has for years been +labouring to undermine the German name, and few can have divined with +what means he went to work.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 47. + +417. We cannot expect our enemies to try to do us justice--though we +can, after all, sympathetically understand almost all of them, with +the sole exception of the English, in whom the transparently base +abstractness of the calculating business spirit lies beneath the level +of humanity, and is so positively immoral as to be entirely outside +the scope of sympathy.--G. MISCH, V.G.D.K., p. 8. + +418. And then England! She does not, like France, send all her sons +into the field, but sends specially enlisted troops. There lurks the +impelling evil spirit, which has conjured up this war out of hell--the +spirit of envy and the spirit of hypocrisy.--PROF. U. V. +WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. i., p. 7. + +419. England is a Moloch that will devour everything, a vampire that +will suck tribute from all the veins of the earth, a monster snake +encircling the whole Equator.--"My German Fatherland," by PASTOR +TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 140. + +420. In the last attempt at an Anglo-Saxon philosophy, Pragmatism, the +test of truth became simply usefulness. It is true that most +Englishmen turned against it. Why? Not because this view seemed to +them false, but because they thought it inadvisable, and therefore +sinful, to blurt out the secret.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 121. + +421. An English poet has invented a symbol that may well be applied to +his own country: _The Picture of Dorian Grey._ In the eyes of the +world, the hypocritical sinner seems to be endowed with the gift of +unfading youth and beauty; but only because he has at home a +sedulously concealed portrait of magical properties. In this the vices +plough their furrows; in this the features are gradually contorted +into a grisly image of guilt; until the day of judgment--the day of +self-judgment.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., pt. iv., p. 16. + +422. Oscar Wilde once wrote an essay on _The Art of Lying_, and his +countrymen have since carried this art to a high perfection.--H. S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 10. + +422a. Another vice has been developed to its highest pitch in this +war: to wit, _lying_. England in particular has established a record +in this department, even as against the Father of Lies, the +Devil.--PROF. F. DELITZSCH, D.R.S.Z., No. 13, p. 20. + +422b. Never since human Kultur has existed has such a _deluge of lies +and slanders_, of fraud and hypocrisy, been poured forth as ... +"pious" England has spread abroad in the name of the triune Christian +God. And this shameless hypocrisy must appear all the more revolting, +since every one who is at all behind the scenes knows that this +British _Christian God_ is in truth the _Bank of England_, the sacred +"_Golden Calf_," the idolatrous worship of which is the chief aim of +_Pambritismus_, the lordship of England over all other peoples.--PROF. +E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 59. + +423. We _must_ be wroth, and we _will_ be wroth, with the whole power +of our inner man. We will hate the will of the nation which has so +basely set upon our peace-loving people in order to destroy us. We +will hate the Satanic powers of arrogance and selfishness, of +treachery and cruelty, of lying and hypocrisy. We will fight without +scruple, and employ all means of destruction, however terrible they +may be. We cannot do otherwise; but we do not hate the individual +human beings.... The true, beneficent hatred applies to things, not +persons.--_The Fifth Petition in the Lord's Prayer and England_, by +PASTOR J. LAHUSEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 162. + +423a. The curse of millions of hapless people falls on the head of the +British island kingdom, whose boundless national egoism knows no other +goal than the extension of British rule over the whole planet, the +exploitation of all other nations to its own benefit, and the filling +of its insatiable purse with the gold of all other peoples.--PROF. E. +HAECKEL, quoted by P. HEINSICK, W.U.G., p. 4. + +424. It is an almost sinister self-contradiction: the individual +Englishman, in private life, is by no means devoid of a certain +outward decency, perhaps because he thinks it pays: but the public +morals of England do not shrink from any baseness.--PROF. G. ROETHE, +D.R.S.Z., No. 1, p. 14. + +425. It is certain that it was in England that humanity first fell +sick of the huckster view of the world. But the English ailment had +spread further, and above all it had already begun to attack the body +of even the German people.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 99. + +425a. Covetousness, a huckstering spirit, a thirst for gain, +calculating envy, hypocrisy--what despicable vices have they not +become to us. We spit at them, we hate them, just because they are +British.... Now we walk in gentle innocence through homely pastures, +free from greed of money, stripped of all cunning, because--just +because it is all British.--PASTOR D. VORWERK, quoted in H.A.H., p. 39. + +426. The much-lauded missionary spirit was only a business enterprise, +by means of which John Bull filled his purse.--"The Christianity of +the Belligerent Nations," by PASTOR ERDMANN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 146. + +427. England avers that she makes war against us without hatred, and +thinks she is thereby giving proof of high civilization. It is +precisely the proof of her cold-hearted baseness.... The +self-controlled English gentleman, who makes unemotional war out of +commercial envy, is more devilish than the Cossack. He stands to the +Frenchman in the relation of the sneaking murderer for gain to the +murderer from passion. The gentleman-burglar of Conan Doyle expresses +the soul of the nation.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15. + +428. A nice protector of outraged national rights!!! Thus Richard, +Duke of Gloucester, appears with prayer-book and rosary on the terrace +of the castle, thus Mephistopheles dons the mask of lawyer and +philosopher, thus Iscariot kisses the Saviour.--"My German +Fatherland," by PASTOR TOLZIEN, quoted in H.A.H., p. 142. + +429. Never has the _mass-misery of war_ ... presented itself to us in +such grisly shapes as in this terrible world-war, which has been +forced upon us _solely_ by the commercial envy and the _brutal egoism_ +of the Christian model-state, _England_.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 27. + + +=British Vices--Cowardice and Laziness.= + +430. It is the English who may justly be accused of militarism--the +people who, in addition to Irish and Scottish hirelings (they +themselves, as a rule, prefer to remain at home) place Hindus and +Indian mountaineers in the field.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 143. + +431. Envy is utterly foreign to the German nature. But _one_ exception +we must now admit. We old fellows ... look with envy at the young, who +are risking their fresh life and strength for the Fatherland. Of this +envy, at any rate, we must acquit England: its best youth remains +quietly at home, and wins victories in the football field, leaving it +to salaried hirelings to shed their blood.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., +No. 1, p. 11. + +432. The doctrine of comfort, as a view of the world, certainly comes +of evil, and a people who are filled with it, like the English, are +little more than a heap of living corpses. The whole body of the +people begins to rot.... In England to-day every trade unionist is +stuck in the morass of comfort.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 102. + +433. As soon as it comes to the sanguinary reality, the English +hireling's heart drops into his breeches. And the English Scotchmen +have not even breeches for it to drop into.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., +p. 19. + +434. Whence should courage come?... In our German soldiers it springs +from honest German wrath. But the Englishman must shout himself into +courage. When the first English troops landed in France, they sang +gaily and interrupted their songs by shouts of "Are we down-hearted?" +Whereupon the English hireling sought to keep up his spirits by an +answering shout of "No!" ... Only their own timidity suggests to the +English such questions as to their courage. One need not be any great +psychologist to realize this.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 19. + +435. The cunning and unscrupulousness of the pirate does, indeed, +survive in the English sailor; he lies in ambush for neutral +merchant-ships[!], lays mines in the fairway of neutral neighbour +States, and commits deeds of violence of the most manifold kinds; but +the resolution of the pirate, the daring intrepidity in attack, he no +longer possesses.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 43. + +436. The great majority of the English Army are to this day Keltic +Irishmen and Keltic Scotchmen; the real Englishmen do not enlist. In +the English battles of the past, Englishmen of the nobility no doubt +were in command, but the armies consisted of foreign mercenaries, for +the most part Germans.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 51. + +437. England might, in league with Germany, have _dictated Kultur to +the whole world_ ... if she had not been _untrue to the Gospel of +Work_!--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 61. + +438. The English race ... must always be stimulated by the infusion of +new blood, otherwise it would perish of its own indolence.--PROF. A. +SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 21. + + +=Treachery to Germanism.= + +439. England is now showing on what feeble feet its Germanism rests, +how unsound, how profoundly unworthy of the German Thought it is. It +cannot shake off its bitter accusers--its Shakespeare and Carlyle, +its Dickens and Kingsley. It has committed treason against the spirit +of its greatest men, who were filled with the certainty that the +German Thought must conquer, and that this victory must be _the_ +victory ... of Kultur, civilization and spiritual progress.--K. +ENGELBRECHT, D.D.D.K., p. 57. + +440. Would to God Professor Engel were right in maintaining that the +English are Kelts. Then we should not have to be ashamed of our +brothers!--PASTOR B. LOeSCHE, D.S.E.S.D., p. 4. + +441. It is useless for publicists to encourage the popular belief that +the English prove by their behaviour that they are no longer Teutons; +for Teutons they are, and purer Teutons than many Germans.[42]--H.S. +CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 45. + +442. Does one German cousin fight against another? We good-natured +idealists have always dwelt upon this German cousinship. The +three-quarters-Keltic England has no feeling of common +Germanism.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15. + +443. What about ... our dear cousins the English, those hucksters +whose Germanism we have at last begun openly to question.... Though +the English language is doubtless Germanic, that is by no means a +proof that the Keltic bastards have acquired the German nature +(_Wesen_). We do not count the English-speaking American negroes as +belonging to the white race.--O. SIEMENS, W.L.K.D., p. 18. + +444. Against us stands the world's greatest sham of a people ... the +Judas among nations, who this time, for a change, betrays Germanism +for thirty pieces of silver. Against us stands sensual France, the +harlot (_Dirne_) among the peoples, to be bought for any prurient +excitement, shameless, unblushing, impudent and cowardly [!] with her +worthless myrmidons.--"War Devotions," by PASTOR J. RUMP, quoted in +H.A.H., p. 117. + + +=Sir Edward Grey and his Colleagues.= + +445. Abysmal hypocrisy ... the national vice has been incarnated for +us in Sir Edward Grey.--PROF. G. ROETHE, D.R.S.Z., No. i, p. 14. + +446. When that English gentleman, Minister Grey, who has a cancerous +tumour in place of a heart, in the end has to reap the infamy he +deserves, he will promptly cast it from him as dirt with his +horse-hoof.--PASTOR TOLZIEN, in "Patriotic-Evangelical War Lectures," +quoted in H.A.H., p. 141. + +447. The Englishman treats the foreigner, when he does not need him, +as thin air, when he does need him, as a piece of goods; consequently, +when he sits in the Cabinet, he considers that, towards a foreign +State, a lie is not a lie, deceit is not deceit, and a surprise attack +in time of peace is a perfectly legitimate measure, so long as it +serves England's interests.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 131. + +448. Sir Edward Grey possesses in a singular degree the gift of +carrying on business with complete control of all emotion and +elimination of all deep thought. Every third word of such person is +the untranslatable, elusive, "I dare say."--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., +p. 14. + +449. The untruthfulness and unscrupulous brutality with which the +English Cabinet carries on the war place it far below the level of +Muscovite morality.--"GERMANUS."--B.U.D.K., p. 35. + +450. The English diplomatist of the type of Sir Edward Grey holds +honesty in political matters to be a blunder and a sin. Therefore he +usually expresses himself in a form which is capable of several +interpretations.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 18. + +451. Sir Edward Grey has for years presided over all the peace +conferences--only to ensure the coming of the projected war; he has +for years sought a "better understanding" with Germany--only to +prevent the honest German statesmen and diplomats from suspecting that +a war of annihilation had been irrevocably decreed; the German +Emperor, at the last moment, had almost averted the danger of +war--Grey, the unctuous apostle of peace, contrived so to shuffle the +cards as to render it inevitable.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 66. + +_For "shuffling the cards" compare No. 371._ + +452. The President of the United States, Professor Wilson ... allows +American munition works to supply our enemies with unlimited +quantities of war material, favours the infamous design of England to +starve out Germany, and rises in his "peace" speeches to a height of +political and religious hypocrisy in no way inferior to that attained +by the English "million-murderer" Grey.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 61. + + +=Britain's Great Illusion.=[43] + +453. The English regard themselves as the Chosen People, towards which +all others are predestined to stand in a relation of more or less +complete dependence.--PROF. U. v. WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R. pt. iv., +p. 19. + +454. Strange as it may appear to us, it is nevertheless unquestionable +that all England has from of old been penetrated with the idea that +her attainment of uncontested colonial and maritime power was not only +to her interest but to that of the whole world, _the dominion over +which God had Himself assigned to her_, and that therefore all means +to this beneficent end were permissible and well-pleasing to God.--J. +RIESSER, E.U.W., p. 10. + +455. Just because the English found their national feeling on the +consciousness of their kultural successes, and the belief that they +alone are _God's chosen people on earth_, every desire of other +peoples to assert equality of rights appears to their self-conceit an +offence against the will of God.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 31. + +456. The belief in the Kultur-mission entrusted to it by God, in +preference to all other peoples, has grown into the very flesh and +blood of the English people.--PROF. F. KEUTGEN, B.R.K., p. 7. + +457. The English hold that they are literally descended from the ten +tribes [!]. But we Germans do not base our relation to Israel on any +such fleshly foundation. The German people are the spiritual, the +religious parallel of the people of Israel, they are "the true Israel +begotten of the Spirit."--DR. PREUSS, quoted in H.A.H., p. 213. + +458. Many of the best, most unselfish and most modest Englishmen pray +to God in all good faith that He would at last open the eyes of the +German people, and especially of the German Emperor, that they may see +how wrong and even sinful it is to place any further hindrances in the +way of the expansion of the Kingdom of God on earth by "His chosen +people," that is to say, the English themselves.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, +Z.C.E., p. 12. + +459. The Briton regards himself as chosen by Providence, the elect of +the Lord, entrusted with a special _mission on this earth_, and placed +under the immediate protection of Heaven, with a first claim upon all +the good things of the earth.--"GERMANUS," B.U.D.K., p. 11. + +460. Our duty to ourselves, and to our English fellow-creatures--since +we would fain be, not an imaginary "chosen people" but true children +of God--is to give them such a thorough thrashing that they may once +for all be cured of the fatal illusion that they have established a +monopoly in the dear Lord God, and that the rest of humanity is +destined only to serve as a stool for their clumsy feet!--PROF. A. +SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 70. + +461. Perhaps the reason that England's power now stands in so great +peril is that, in her self-deceiving vanity, she thought that God had +guaranteed her the dominion of the world.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., +P. 86. + +462. It is a matter of fact that the greater part of the English +people cherish the pathological imagination that they alone are the +true pioneers of Kultur and culture.--PROF. E. HAECKEL, E.W., p. 115. + +463. The English now assert the claim of _their_ Kultur to be the only +existing, and, indeed, the _God-appointed_ summit of human +development, which to attain would mean salvation for all humanity. +This is a positively grotesque mixture of national pride and +religiosity.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 12. + +464. "England ueber alles" has in England a very solid meaning, as +compared with our quite ideally conceived "Deutschland ueber alles." An +immense self-assurance, partly reposing on the notion of being in a +special sense God's chosen people, gives to these claims a certain +inward foundation. In the consciousness of an alleged superiority of +moral Kultur, the English aspire to rule the world.--PROF. R. SEEBERG, +D.R.S.Z., No. 15, p. 28. + +465. Alone among Kultur-peoples, the English know only themselves, and +regard all others, without exception, as foreign, inferior creatures, +towards whom Nature decrees that the laws of morality, as between man +and man, should not hold good, any more than they hold good towards +animals and plants.[44]--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 49. + +466. There are, of course, many sincerely pious Christians in England. +But either they are impotent as against the prevailing passion, or +they are blinded by the illusion of the "chosen people," and have +therefore lost all power of sober self-criticism.--OBERLEHRER HERMANN +SCHUSTER, D.K.K. + + +=Comic Relief.= + +467. England understands by freedom only club-law, with the club +always in her own hand.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 22. + +468. Since the Cromwellian rule of the sword, the army is so hated in +England that an officer, going on duty from his home to the barracks, +has to drive in a closed carriage.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 41. + +469. I found everywhere in England, during my last visits in 1907 and +1908, a positively terrifying blind hatred for Germany, and impatient +longing for a war of annihilation.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 12. + +470. England's army of postal officials amounts to 213,000, +distributed through 24,245 post offices; the German Empire has 50,500 +post offices and 305,000 officials. Now we can understand--can we +not?--why England envies us.--PASTOR M. HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 39. + +471. One finds in England no geniality, no broad, kindly humour, no +gaiety. Everything--so far as the outward life is concerned--is hurry, +money, noise, ostentation, snobbery, vulgarity, arrogance, discontent, +envy.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 60. + +472. King Edward VII., while he was Prince of Wales, was often a guest +of the London Savage Club, which is so "exclusive" that the Prince +could not become a member.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 131. + +473. Discipline within the parties is maintained with Draconian +severity by the so-called "Whips" (i.e., _Peitschenschwingern_, +lash-wielders); and woe to the member who should dare to express his +own opinion!--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 17. + +474. The English admit that, owing to the demoralizing influence of +Edward VII., they are in a state of religious, social and economic +decadence, but their illusion as to the incomparable superiority of +England prevents them from tracing the evil to its true source, and as +some one must be to blame for it, the fault must of course lie with +the rapidly climbing Germany.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 34. + +475. Every man wears the same trousers, every woman the same hat. I +remember once being unable to find in all London a single blue +necktie--blue was not the fashion. This would have been unthinkable in +Berlin, Paris or Vienna.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18. + +476. Thus science, which to us is a very serious matter, is to the +Englishman, _like everything else_--except money-making!--like, for +instance, politics, administration, the care of the poor, &c.,--_a +private hobby, a sort of sport_.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., p. 43. + +477. On the day of the Oxford and Cambridge boat race, one walks, in +the giant city of London, through literally empty (_buchstaeblich +leere_) streets. From the oldest duchess to the youngest chimney +sweep, all are seized with the same mad enthusiasm for this +event.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18. + +478. [Puritanism leads to] that shrinking from the frank expression of +emotions which (for example) explains the fact that cultivated England +reads its great poet Shakespeare for the most part in editions in +which everything is deleted that could give offence to a sensitive old +maid.--PROF. W. WUNDT, D.N.I.P., p. 32. + +479. At the parliamentary elections [before the war] nothing is spoken +of but the hatred for Germany, which animates the speaker and his +audience.--K.L.A. SCHMIDT, D.E.E., p. 10. + +480. [British ignorance is] so horrific that a German can scarcely +conceive it. Five years ago, in a town of 40,000 inhabitants, it was +impossible to find a single man, who, for payment, could read English +correctly to an invalid.--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 18. + +481. Attention has recently been drawn, by an authoritative writer, to +the fact that English biology and the theory of evolution, which have +achieved so much celebrity, are in essence nothing but the +transference of liberal middle-class views to the processes of life +seen in nature.--PROF. W. SOMBART, H.U.H., p. 17. + +482. Is the noble land of Shakespeare fighting against us? Not at all; +for Shakespeare we have long conquered. He has long been more a German +than an English poet.--O.A.H. SCHMITZ, D.W.D., p. 15. + +483. About the middle of the last century, England was in a fair way +to save herself from decadence through the revivifying virtue of the +philosophico-ethical influence of Germany.--PROF. A. SCHROeER, Z.C.E., +p. 69. + +484. England is incapable of producing a people's army +(_Volksarmee_).[45]--H.S. CHAMBERLAIN, K.A., p. 50. + +_See also Nos. 3, 146, 147, 174, 176, 178, 179._ + + +=France.= + +485. The English pirate-soul and French Chauvinism were bound to seek +and find each other.--P. ROHRBACH, W.D.K., p. 14. + +486. Beasts who spring upon us we can only treat as beasts, but the +bestial hatred which impels them we must not allow to arise in +us.--PROF. F. MEINECKE, D.D.E., p. 51. + +487. At no former time could the French soldier be reproached with +cowardice.... If his present conduct is so far beneath his reputation +... it is because he lacks the stimulus of enthusiasm, because he +knows that it is not his country that is sending him forth to battle, +but only an ambitious and short-sighted Government, because he is +conscious that he is not fighting for a great and noble cause, but for +a mean and dirty one.--W. HELM, W.W.S.M., p. 11. + +488. For honour's sake another hundred thousand men may be sacrificed, +but there must be an end to that. Then it is all over with France as a +great Power.... These men [the French Ministry] or others like them +must make peace! Some one must make it, for the bloodshed cannot go on +forever. But what sort of a peace will it be? _Vae victis! Not till now +has Bismarck's victory been complete._--F. NAUMANN, Member of the +Reichstag, D.U.F., p. 8. + +489. We will do well to leave to France the outward boundaries of a +great Power, if only that we may not figure as the tyrants of +Europe.--P. ROHRBACH, W.D.K., p. 28. + +490. The defeat which France is now suffering is only the expiation of +guilt which is already a century old.... The twenty years of the +Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars had left the French a mere set of +individuals who care nothing for the maintenance of their race: +aesthetes and dandies, money-grubbers and Bohemians.--K. ENGELBRECHT, +D.D.D.K., p. 51. + +491. [As to the origin of the war] the French, as England's trusty +henchmen, obediently repeat what England tells them. If Don Quixote +rides at the windmills, Sancho Panza must keep pace with him.--PROF. +W.V. BLUME, D.D.M., p. 11. + +_See also No. 3._ + + +=Belgium.= + +492. Belgium, the granary and armoury, is predestined to be the +battlefield in the struggle for the Meuse and the Rhine. I ask any +general or statesman who has seriously considered the problems of war +and politics, whether Belgium can remain neutral in a European +war--that is to say, can be respected as neutral any longer than may +appear expedient to the Power which feels itself possessed of the best +advantage for attack.--ERNST MORITZ ARNDT (1834), quoted in H.A.H., +p. 22. + +493. If Sir Edward Grey had urged neutrality [!] upon Belgium, he would +have done that country the greatest possible service.--"GERMANUS," +B.U.D.K., p. 36. + +494. Where the people of Israel had to demand a passage through foreign +territory, they were expressly enjoined first to offer the inhabitants +peace (Deuteronomy, xx., 10). Only when the right of transit was +denied them, was the sword to be drawn and the passage forced. In such +a case ... Israel calls the wars in which it has to engage, wars of +Jehovah. Its God is indeed a man of war, the Lord of the hosts of +Israel. The Scripture even goes so far as to ascribe the subsequent +corruption of the people to the fact that it did not completely +annihilate the inhabitants of the conquered country.[46]--PASTOR M. +HENNIG, D.K.U.W., p. 6. + +495. If Belgium takes part in the war, it must be wiped off the map of +Europe.[47]--R. THEUDEN, W.M.K.B., v., p. 10. + +496. How our adversaries understood neutrality is most strikingly +summed up in the following passage from the Paris paper _Le National_, +which appeared as early as November 16, 1834 [!] "Le jour viendra ou +... la neutralite de la Belgique, en cas de guerre europeenne, +disparaitra devant le voeu du peuple beige.... La Belgique se rangera +naturellement du cote de la France!"--PROF. C. BORCHLING, D.B.P., p. 5. + +497. A Belgian journalist who had ventured into Liege writes:--"The +Germans behave quietly. What they require they pay for in ready money. +The pigeons which nest in the Place St. Lambert have a corner of the +place where they are fed. The Germans have respected this corner, +though they have occupied the rest of the place."--PASTOR D.M. HENNIG, +D.K.U.W., p. 91. + +498. See what the war has laid bare in others! What have we learnt of +the soul of Belgium? Has it not revealed itself as the soul of +cowardice and assassination? They have no moral forces within them; +therefore they resort to the torch and the dagger.--PROF. U.V. +WILAMOWITZ-MOeLLENDORF, R., i., p. 6. + +499. The fate that Belgium has called down upon herself is hard for +the individual, but not too hard for this political structure +(_Staatsgebilde_), for the destinies of the immortal great nations +stand so high that they cannot but have the right, in case of need, to +stride over existences that cannot defend themselves, but live, as +parasites, upon the rivalries of the great.--PROF. H. ONCKEN, S.M., +September, 1914, p. 819. + +500. Our Chancellor has, with the scrupulous conscientiousness +peculiar to him, admitted that we were guilty of a certain wrong +[towards Belgium]. Here I cannot follow him.... When David, in the +pinch of necessity, took the shew-bread from the table of the Lord, he +was absolutely in the right; for at that moment the letter of the law +no longer existed.--PROF. A.V. HARNACK, I.M., 1st October, 1914, p. 23. + +501. We were in the position of a man who, being attacked from two +sides, has to carry on a furious fight for life, and cannot concern +himself overmuch as to whether one or two flowers are trodden down in +his neighbour's garden.--PROF. DR. W. DIBELIUS, W.W.E., p. 5. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[38] If this does not mean that England was an accessory before the +fact to the murder of the Archduke, what _does_ it mean? The passage is +quoted with approval by Dr. Prockosch. _Englische Politik und +englischer Volksgeist_, p. 34. + +[39] This clergyman's pamphlet, of 24 pp., is one uninterrupted torrent +of abuse. + +[40] Doubtless a punning perversion of _Flugschrift_, pamphlet. + +[41] It would be easy to cite 501 repetitions of this dogma in almost +the same words. + +[42] Otherwise--horror of horrors!--Herr Chamberlain himself might not +be quite assured of his Germanism. + +[43] As to the prevalence of this illusion in Germany, see section "The +Chosen People and its Mission," p. 28; also Introduction, p. xxi. + +[44] Repeated, in other words, again and again by this author. + +[45] Written 9th October, 1914. + +[46] It is only fair to state that the writer does not apply this +doctrine directly to the case of Belgium; but he cannot but have had it +in mind. Here is the passage from Deuteronomy: "When thou drawest nigh +unto a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace unto it. And it +shall be, if it make thee answer of peace, and open unto thee, then it +shall be, that all the people that is found therein shall become +tributary unto thee, and shall serve thee. And if it will make no peace +with thee, but will make war against thee, then shalt thou besiege it. +And when the Lord thy God delivereth it into thine hand, thou shalt +smite every male thereof with the edge of the sword. But the women, and +the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all +the spoil thereof, shalt thou take for a prey unto thyself; and thou +shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the Lord thy God hath given +thee." + +[47] As to the date of this utterance, see Index of Books. + + + + +INDEX OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS FROM WHICH QUOTATIONS ARE MADE + + + + +INDEX OF BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS FROM WHICH QUOTATIONS ARE MADE + + +_Where titles are given in English only, references are to the English +editions of the works in question_ + + +A.U.K. "Amicus Patriae": Armenien und Kreta. Eine Lebensfrage + fuer Deutschland. 1896. (Armenia and Crete. A Vital + Question for Germany.) + +B.D.V. Ernst Hasse: Die Besiedelung des deutschen Volksbodens. + 1905. (The Colonization of the German Folk-Territory.) + +B.G.E. Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil. + +B.I. Gerhart v. Schulze-Gaevernitz: Der britische + Imperialismus im 19 Jahrhundert. (British Imperialism + in the 19th Century.) + +B.R.K. Friedrich Keutgen: Britische Reichsprobleme und der + Krieg. 1914. (British Imperial Problems and the War.) + +B.U.D.K. "Germanus": Britannien und der Krieg. 1914. (Britain + and the War.) + +D.A.P. Graf Ernst v. Reventlow: Deutschlands auswaertige + Politik. 1914. (Germany's Foreign Policy.) + +D.B.B. Deutschland bei Beginn des 20sten Jahrhunderts, von + einem Deutschen. 1900. (Germany at the Beginning of the + 20th Century, by a German.) + +D.B.P. Conrad Borchling: Das belgische Problem. 1914. (The + Belgian Problem.) + +D.C. Otfried Nippold: Der deutsche Chauvinismus. 1913. + (German Chauvinism.) + +D.D.D.K. Karl Engelbrecht: Der Deutsche und dieser Krieg. + 1914-15. (The German and this War.) + +D.D.E. Friedrich Meinecke: Die deutsche Erhebung von 1914. + 1914. (The German Uprising of 1914.) + +D.D.M. Wilhelm v. Blume: Der deutsche Militarismus. 1915. + (German Militarism.) + +D.E.E. Karl L.A. Schmidt: Das Ende Englands. n.d. [1914]. + (The End of England.) + +D.E.S.E. Max Stirner: Der Einzige und sein Eigentum. (The + Individual and his Property.) + +D.G. Ernst Hasse: Deutsche Grenzpolitik. 1906. (German + Frontier Policy.) + +D.I.W. Deutschland in Waffen.... (Germany under Arms.) [With a + preface and article by the Crown Prince.] + +D.K.K. Der Krieg und die christlich-deutsche Kultur. 1915. + (The War and Christian-German Kultur.) + +D.K.U.S. Gottfried Traube: Der Krieg und die Seele. 1914. (The + War and the Soul.) + +D.K.U.W. Martin Hennig: Der Krieg und Wir. 1914. (The War and + We.) + +D.N.I.P. Wilhelm Wundt: Die Nationen und ihre Philosophie. 1915. + (The Nations and their Philosophy.) + +D.R. Julius v. Hartmann: Militaerische Notwendigkeit und + Humanitaet, in "Deutsche Rundschau," Vols. XIII. and + XIV. 1877-78. (Military Necessity and Humanity.) + +D.R.S.Z. Deutsche Reden in schwerer Zeit. (German Speeches in + Difficult Days.) [A series of pamphlets by the + Professors of Berlin University and a few others.] + 1914-15. + +D.S. Paul de Lagarde: Deutsche Schriften. 4th ed. 1903. + (German Writings.) + +D.S.E.S.D. Bernhard Loesche: Du stolzes England, schaeme dich! 1914. + (Thou proud England, shame on thee!) + +D.U.F. Friedrich Naumann: Deutschland und Frankreich. 1914. + (Germany and France.) + +D.W.D. Oskar A.H. Schmitz: Das wirkliche Deutschland: die + Wiedergeburt durch den Krieg. 1915. (The real Germany: + the Regeneration through the War.) + +D.W.E. Edmund v. Heyking: Das wirkliche England. 1914. (The + real England.) + +D.Z. Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Die Zuversicht. 1915. + Dated 25th May. (Confidence.) + +E.B. Das Englandbuch der Taeglichen Rundschau. 1915. (The + England-book of the Taegliche Rundschau newspaper.) + +E.M.S. Franz v. Liszt: Ein mitteleuropaeischer Staatenverband. + 1914. (A Middle-European League of States.) + +E.P.D. Joseph Ludwig Reimer: Ein Pangermanisches Deutschland. + 1905. (A Pan-German Germany.) + +E.S.S.H. Ein Hamburger Kaufmann: Die englische Seeraeuber und + sein Handelskrieg. 1914. (A Hamburg Merchant: The + English Pirates and their Trade-War.) + +E.S.V. Kurd v. Strantz: Ein starkes Volk--Ein starkes Heer. + 1914. (A Strong People--A Strong Army.) [Published + shortly before the war.] + +E.U.W. Jakob Reisser: England und Wir, 1914. (England and We.) + +E.W. Ernst Haeckel: Ewigkeit: Weltkriegsgedanken. 1915. + (Eternity: Thoughts on the World-War.) + +G.D. Otto Richard Tannenberg; Gross-Deutschland. 1911. + (Great Germany.) + +G.D.W. Chr. Ludw. Poehlmann: Das Gute des Weltkrieges. 1914. + (The Good of the World-War.) + +G.M. Friedrich Nietzsche: A Genealogy of Morals. + +G.N.W. Friedrich v. Bernhardi: Germany and the Next War. Ed. + 1914. [First published, 1912.] + +G.U.M. Grossdeutschland und Mitteleuropa um das Jahr 1950, von + einem Alldeutschen. 1895. (Great-Germany and + Middle-Europe in 1950. By a Pan-German.) + +G.W.B. The German War-Book. Translation by J.M. Morgan, M.A. + 1915. + +G.Z.K. Hans v. Wolzogen: Gedanken zur Kriegszeit. 1915. + (Thoughts in War-Time.) + +H.A.H. J.P. Bang: Hurrah and Halleluiah. 1916. + +H.D.F. Alfred H. Fried: Handbuch der Friedensbewegung. 1911. + (Handbook of the Peace Movement.) + +H.T.H. Friedrich Nietzsche: Human, All-Too Human. + +H.U.H. Werner Sombart: Haendler und Helden. 1915. (Hucksters + and Heroes.) + +I.M. Internationale Monatschrift fuer Wissenschaft, Kunst und + Technik. (International Monthly for Science, Art and + Technology.) + +J.W. Friedrich Nietzsche: The Joyous Wisdom. + +K. Klaus Wagner: Krieg. 1906. (War.) + +K.A. Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Kriegsaufsaetze. 1914. (War + Essays.) + +O.U.W. Albrecht Wirth: Orient und Weltpolitik. 1913. (The East + and World-Politics.) + +P. Heinrich v. Treitschke: Politics. Ed. 1916. [First + published, 1899.] + +P.G. Ernst v. Lasaulx: Philosophic der Geschichte. 1856. + (Philosophy of History.) + +P.I. Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Politische Ideale. 1916. + (Political Ideals.) + +P.K.U.K. Gustav E. Pazaurek: Patriotismus, Kunst und + Kunsthandwerk. 1914. (Patriotism, Art, and + Art-Handicraft.) + +R. Ulrich v. Wilamowitz-Moellendorf: Reden. Four parts: Pt. + i., Zwei Reden. 1914. Pts. ii., iii., and iv., Reden + aus der Kriegszeit. 1915. (Two Speeches, and Speeches + in War-Time.) + +R.D. Friedrich Lange: Reines Deutschtum, 5th Ed. 1904. (Pure + Germanism.) + +S.I.U. Ludwik Gumplowicz: Socialphilosophie im Umriss. 1910. + (Social Philosophy in Outline.) + +S.M. Sueddeutsche Monatsheft. (South German Monthly.) + +T.O.D. Albrecht Wirth: Tuerkei, Oesterreich, Deutschland. 1912. + (Turkey, Austria, Germany.) + +U.A.P. Albrecht Wirth: Unsere aeussere Politik. 1912. (Our + External Policy.) + +V.G.D.K. Georg Misch: Vom Geist des Krieges und des deutschen + Volkes Barbarei. 1914. (Of the Spirit of the War, and + the Barbarism of the German People.) + +V.K. K. v. Clausewitz: Vom Kriege. Ed. 1867. (On War.) + [First Published, 1832.] + +V.U.W. Albrecht Wirth: Volkstum und Weltmacht in der + Geschichte. 2nd Ed. 1904. (National Spirit and + World-Power in History.) + +W.B. Jakob Burckhardt: Weltgeschichtliche Betrachtungen. + 1905. (World-Historic Reflections.) + +W.B.D.G. Rudolf Eucken: Die weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung des + deutschen Geistes. 1914. (The World-Historic + Significance of the German Spirit.) + +W.D. Fritz Bley: Die Weltstellung des Deutschtums. 1897. + (The World-Position of Germanism.) + +W.D.K. Paul Rohrbach: Warum es der deutsche Krieg ist! 1914. + (Why it is the German War!) + +W.D.U.S. R. Jannasch: Weshalb die Deutschen im Auslande + unbeliebt sind. 1915. (Why the Germans are unloved in + Foreign Parts.) + +W.I.K. Ernst Hasse: Weltpolitik, Imperialismus und + Kolonialpolitik. 1906. (World-Politics, Imperialism, + and Colonial Politics.) + +W.I.K.W. Daniel Frymann: Wenn ich der Kaiser waere. 5th Ed. 1914. + (If I were the Kaiser.) + +W.K.B.M. Ein Deutscher: Was uns der Krieg bringen muss. n.d. + [?1914] (What the War must bring us.) + +W.L.K.D. Otto Siemens: Wie lange kann der Krieg dauern? n.d. + [?1914] (How long can the War last?) + +W.M.K.B. Rudolf Theuden: Was muss uns der Krieg bringen? 1914. + Dated August, 1914, but written before it was known + that either Belgium or England would be involved in the + War. (What must the War bring us?) + +W.U.G. P. Heinsick: Der Weltkrieg, seine Ursachen und Gruende. + n.d. (The World-War, its Causes and Reasons.) + +W.U.W. Karl A. Kuhn: Die wahren Ursachen des Weltkrieges. + 1914. (The True Causes of the World-War.) + +W.W.E. W. Dibelius: Was will England? 1914. (What does England + want?) + +W.W.R. Paul Rohrbach: Was will Russland? 1914. (What does + Russia want?) + +W.W.S.G. Adolf v. Harnack: Was wir schon gewonnen haben und was + wir noch gewinnen muessen. 1914. (What we have already + won, and what we have yet to win.) + +W.W.S.M. Willy Helm: Warum wir siegen muessen. 1915. (Why we + must win.) + +Z. Friedrich Nietzsche: Thus spake Zarathustra. + +Z.C.E.E. Arnold Schroeer: Zur Characterisierung der Englaender. + n.d. (English Characteristics.) + +Z.D.V. Ernst Hasse: Die Zukunft des deutschen Volkstums. + 1908. (The Future of the German National Spirit.) + + + + +INDEX OF AUTHORS + + + + +INDEX OF AUTHORS + + +"Alldeutscher, Ein", 2, 202. + +"Amicus Patriae", 220, 278. + +Arndt, Ernst Moritz (1769-1860). Poet and patriot, 492. + + +Baumgarten, D., Pastor, 322, 360, 361. + +Bernhardi, Friedrich A.J. v. (b. 1849). General of Cavalry, late Chief + of Department in Great General Staff--5, 10, 13, 174, 246, 251, 259, + 261, 265, 267, 276, 279, 281-287, 289-291, 297, 300, 367, 371, 376, + 377, 384, 386, 388. + +Bley, Fritz (b. 1853). Journalist and author, 9, 12, 198. + +Blume, Wilhelm v. (b. 1867). Dr. Jur. Professor of Roman Law, + Tuebingen, 225, 235a, 401a, 491. + +Borchling, Conrad A.J. Carl (b. 1872). Dr. Phil. Professor, Hamburg + Colonial Institute, 496. + +Brandl, Alois (b. 1855). Dr. Phil, LL.D., Geh. Regierungsrat. + Professor of English Philology, Berlin, 183. + +Burckhardt, Jakob (1818-1897). Professor in Basel. Authority on + Renaissance Art, 241, 249, 295, 365. + + +Chamberlain, Houston Stewart (b. 1855). Son of Admiral Chamberlain. + "Left England, 1870." "Attacked by severe nervous trouble, 1884." + Married Richard Wagner's daughter, 21a, 50, 52c, 57, 60, 102, 108, + 117, 120, 126, 145, 165, 172, 180, 180a, 184, 185, 187, 188-191, + 229, 232, 235, 305, 323, 358, 408, 422, 436, 441, 451, 467, 469, + 471, 473, 475, 477, 480, 484. + +Clausewitz, Carl v. (1780-1831). Prussian General, and author of "Vom + Kriege," "an exposition of the philosophy of war which is absolutely + unrivalled", 326. + + +Deissmann, Gustav Adolf (b. 1866). Dr. Theol. Professor of New + Testament Exegesis, Berlin. Hon. degrees, Aberdeen, St. Andrews, + Manchester, 107, 121, 159, 391. + +Delitzsch, Friedrich (b. 1850). Dr. Phil. Professor, Berlin. + Assyriologist, 26, 422a. + +"Deutscher, Ein" (Was uns der Krieg bringen muss), 77, 378, 380, 381, + 383. + +"Deutscher, Ein" (Deutschland bei Beginn des 20sten Jahrhunderts), + 193, 201, 223, 280, 303, 344, 345, 350. + +Dibelius, Wilhelm (b. 1876). Dr. Phil. Professor of English Language + and Kultur, Hamburg, 501. + + +Engelbrecht, Kurt, 23, 36, 51, 94, 94a, 116, 141, 318, 439, 490. + +Erdmann, Pastor, 155, 426. + +Eucken, Rudolf (b. 1846). Dr. Phil., Litt., LLD., Geheimrat. + Professor, Jena. An eminent philosopher, 81, 83, 83, 138, 140. + + +Falck, G., 414. + +Flamm, Oswald A.H. (b. 1861). Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor, Royal + Technical High School, Berlin, 404. + +Fontane, Theodor (1819-1898). Highly esteemed poet and novelist, 394. + +Francke, H., Pastor, 29, 99, 115, 148, 153. + +Fried, Alfred H., 293. + +Frymann, Daniel, 278a. + +Fuchs, W., Dr., 274. + + +"Germanus", 168, 398, 410, 416, 435, 449, 450, 459, 493. + +"German War Book", 334, 336, 338, 339, 349, 351, 354. + +Gierke, Otto v. (b. 1841). Dr. Jur., Phil., Geh. Justizrat. Professor, + Berlin. Jurist. Hon. degree, Harvard, 76, 79, 80, 89, 92, 403. + +Gottberg, Otto v. Editor of _Weekly Paper for the Youth of Germany_, + 247, 252, 296. + +Gruber, Max v. (b. 1853). Dr. Med., Obermedizinalrat, Hofrat. + Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology, Munich, 65, 227a, 231. + +Gumplowicz, Ludwik (b. 1838). Austrian professor, jurist and + economist, 264. + + +Haeckel, Ernst (b. 1843). Dr. Phil., Med., Jur. Professor of Zoology, + Jena. The German apostle of Darwinism and champion of "monism", 54a, + 237, 407, 409, 412, 422b, 423a, 429, 452, 462. + +Harden, Maximilian (b. 1861). Jewish journalist. Editor of _Zukunft_. + Real name, Witkowski, 209, 221, 242. + +"Hamburger Kaufmann, Ein", 400. + +Harnack, Adolf (b. 1851). Dr. Theol, Phil., Med. Jur. Professor, + Berlin. The great ecclesiastical historian, 31, 75, 163, 415, 500. + +Hartmann, Eduard v. (1842-1906). "The Philosopher of the Unconscious", + 369. + +Hartmann, Julius v. (1817-1878). Prussian General of Cavalry, 254, + 330, 341, 342, 347, 348. + +Hasse, Ernst, Professor, 194, 200, 206, 206a, 212, 248, 258, 268, 299, + 389. + +Heckel, Karl, 182. + +Heinsick, P., 179. + +Helm, Willy, 25, 27, 166, 169, 487. + +Hennig, Martin Chr. (b. 1864). Pastor. Director of Rauhes Haus, near + Hamburg, a famous home-mission centre and charitable institution, + 53, 56, 97, 111, 113, 123, 312, 316, 397, 461, 470, 494, 497. + +Heyking, Edmund, Freiherr v. (b. 1850). Ex-Consul in New York, + Valparaiso, Calcutta, etc., Minister in Morocco, Peking, Mexico, + Belgrade, 100. + +Hort, J., 40. + +Huber, E., Dr., 153. + + +Jannasch, Robert, Dr. Professor, 20, 226. + + +Kahl, Wilhelm (b. 1849). Dr. Jur., Theol., Med. Professor, Berlin, + 52a, 55. + +Kaiser Wilhelm II., 121, 136. + +Keim, August Alexander (b. 1845). Major-General, 11, 271, 275, 277, + 298. + +Keutgen, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard (b. 1861). Dr. Phil. Professor of + History, Hamburg. Formerly lived in Manchester, 456. + +Koenig, K., Pastor, 21b. + +Kronprinz Wilhelm, 240, 294. + +Kuhn, Karl A. Dozent in Military History, Charlottenburg, 46, 82, 84, + 86, 87, 93, 230, 308, 311, 314, 315, 320, 382. + + +Lagarde, Paul Anton de (1827-1891). Biblical scholar and orientalist. + Real name, Boetticher, 199, 211. + +Lahusen, D. (b. 1851). Pastor. Ober-Konsistorialrat. + General-Superintendent, Berlin, 423. + +Lange, Friedrich (b. 1852). Dr. Phil. Journalist and educational + reformer, founder of various political associations, 3, 7, 14, 69, + 71, 204, 207, 213, 213a, 219, 253, 302. + +Lasaulx, Ernst v. (1805-1861). Archaeologist and historian, 243, 250. + +Lasson, Adolf (b. 1832). Dr. Theol., Phil., Jur., Geh. Regierungsrat. + Professor, Berlin. Real name said to be Lazarusson, 37, 39, 44, 49, + 54, 66, 85, 164. + +Lehmann, W., Pastor, 19, 21, 32, 43, 95, 101, 105, 106, 112, 122, 135, + 137, 142. + +Leonhard, Rudolf (b. 1851). Dr. Jur. Professor of Law, Breslau, 402. + +Liebert, Eduard W.H. (b. 1850). Lieutenant-General, 208. + +Lienhardt, F., 125. + +Liszt, Franz v. (b. 1851). Dr. Jur., Geh. Justizrat. Professor, + Berlin. Very eminent jurist, 78, 309. + +Litzmann, Berthold (b. 1857). Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor of Modern + German Literature, Bonn, 396. + +Loesche, Bernhard, Pastor, Leipzig, 411, 411a, 440. + + +Meinecke, Friedrich (b. 1862). Dr. Phil., Geh. Hofrat. Professor of + History, Freiburg-in-Breisgau, 16, 64, 87a, 134, 390, 486. + +Misch, Georg, 58, 63, 417. + +Moltke, Graf Hellmuth v. (1800-1891), 244. + +Muench, F.X., Pastor, 149. + + +Naumann, Friedrich (b. 1860). D.D., ex-Pastor, Member of Reichstag. + Noted writer on politics. Author of "Mitteleuropa", 103, 488. + +Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (1844-1900). The philosopher of the "Will + to Power" and of Immoralism. Went mad 1888, 256, 262, 269, 270, 273, + 288, 292, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 340, 343, 346, 352, 356. + +Nippold, Otfried (b. 1864). Dr. Jur. Professor, 11, 192, 192a, 195, + 208, 217, 218, 240a, 247, 252, 260, 263, 266, 271, 274, 275, 277, + 298, 301, 304. + + +Oncken, Hermann (b. 1869). Professor of Modern History, Heidelberg, + 499. + + +Pazaurek, Gustav E. (b. 1865). Dr. Phil. Professor, Stuttgart, 38, 73, + 234. + +Poehlmann, Christof Ludwig (b. 1867). Educationist, 92a, 186, 233. + +Philippi, Felix (b. 1851). Well-known dramatist and critic, 96, 226a. + +Pohl, Heinrich (b. 1871). Dr. Phil. Journalist, 215. + +Preuss, Dr. Licentiate of Theology, 119, 150, 152, 162, 457. + + +Reimer, Joseph Ludwig (b. 1879). Author, 68, 70, 192b, 197, 197a, 203, + 216, 224, 353, 387. + +Reventlow, Ernst, Graf zu (b. 1869). Author of numerous works on + military, naval and political affairs. Understood to represent views + of Grand-Admiral v. Tirpitz, 373, 375. + +Rieger, Franz. Feldmarschalleutnant, 161. + +Riemasch, Otto, 398a. + +Riesser, Jacob (b. 1853). Dr., Geh. Justizrat. Hon. Professor, Berlin. + Authority on Commercial Law, 454. + +Roethe, Gustav (b. 1859). Dr. Phil, Geh. Regierungsrat. Professor, + Berlin. Philologist, 42, 52b, 59, 139a, 239a, 424, 431, 445. + +Rohrbach, Paul (b. 1869), Dr. Phil. Late Imperial Commissioner for + Colonization of S.W. Africa. Noted authority on Colonial subjects, + 238, 485, 489. + +Rump, J., Pastor, 17, 35, 41, 52, 109, 114, 124, 127, 129, 133, 154, + 158, 160, 171, 228, 444. + + +Schleiermacher, Friedrich D.E. (1768-1834). Eminent theologian and + philosopher., 397. + +Schmid, H. Alfred (b. 1863). Dr. Phil. Professor of Art History, + Goettingen, 28. + +Schmidt, Dr., of Gibichenfels, 260, 263. + +Schmidt, Karl L.A., 167, 324, 401, 408a, 479. + +Schmitz, Oskar A.H. (b. 1873). Author, 24, 34, 48, 62, 74, 181, 306, + 313, 325, 399, 406, 420, 427, 442, 448, 468, 472, 482. + +Schroeer, M.M. Arnold (b. 1857). Dr. Phil. Professor of English + Language and Literature, Commercial High School, Cologne, 170, 437, + 438, 455, 458, 460, 463, 465, 474, 476, 483. + +Schulze-Gaevernitz, Gerhart v. (b. 1864). Geh. Hofrat. Prussian + Minister of State. Well-known economist, 393. + +Schuster, Hermann. Oberlehrer, Hanover, 466. + +Seeberg, Reinhold (b. 1859). Dr. Theol., Jur., Phil., Geheimrat. + Professor of Theology, Berlin, 464. + +Siemens, Otto, 236, 433, 434, 443. + +Sombart, Werner (b. 1863). Professor of Economics, Commercial High + School, Berlin. Author of more than 100 works, some translated into + English, 18, 22, 30, 33, 61, 67, 118, 128, 132, 142, 239, 305a, 317, + 319, 405, 425, 432, 481. + +Stipberger, Court Preacher (?Bavarian), 151. + +Stirner, Max (1806-1856). The philosopher of "Egoism." Real name, + Kaspar Schmidt, 385. + +Strantz, Kurd Ludwig Immanuel v., Freier und Edler Herr zu Tuellstedt, + etc. (b. 1863). Ex-diplomatist. Author of "Do you want Alsace and + Lorraine? We will take Lorraine and more!", 175, 176, 379. + + +Tannenberg, Otto Richard, 2a. + +Theuden, Rudolf, 91, 225a, 495. + +Tolzien, Pastor, 130, 146, 147, 419, 428, 446. + +Traub, Gottfried (b. 1869). Pastor, 131, 157, 357, 359. + +Treitschke, Heinrich v. (1834-1896). Politician-historian and + panegyrist of the House of Hohenzollern. Stone deaf from childhood, + 1, 6, 8, 15, 206b, 210, 214, 223a, 245, 245a, 255, 272, 328, 332, + 355, 362, 364, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 392. + +Troeltsch, Ernst D. (b. 1865). Dr. Phil, Jur. Professor of Systematic + Theology, Heidelberg, 90. + + +Vietinghoff-Scheel, Hermann E.L.O., Freiherr v. (b. 1856). General of + Cavalry, 195. + +Vorwerk, Karl Wilhelm Dietrich (b. 1870). Pastor, and author of books + on religion and child-psychology, 98, 156, 425a. + + +Wagner, Klaus, 70a, 196, 200a, 248a, 249a, 257, 292a. + +Wagner, Reinhold. Lieutenant-Colonel, 413. + +Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, Ulrich v. (b. 1848). Dr. Phil., Jur. Professor, + Berlin. A classical scholar of the highest distinction, 54b, 72, + 173, 173a, 227, 307, 418, 421, 453, 498. + +Wildenbruch, Ernst v. (1845-1909). Poet, and writer of patriotic + dramas, 4. + +Wirth, Albrecht (b. 1866). Dr. Political writer and lecturer, 177, + 205, 222, 363. + +Wolzogen, Hans Paul, Freiherr v. (b. 1848). Well-known writer, + especially on music. Leading Wagnerian, 45, 47, 104, 110, 139, 144, + 310, 321. + +Wrochem, Alfred K.E. v. (b. 1857). Major-General, 192a, 217, 304. + +Wundt, Wilhelm M. (b. 1832). Dr. Phil., Med., Jur., Geheimrat. + Celebrated philosopher and physiological psychologist, 430, 447, + 478. + + +Zimmermann, A. Dr., 178. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Gems (?) of German Thought, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEMS (?) 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