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Brownlow. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .date {position: absolute; top: auto; right: 20%;} + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .right {text-align: right;} + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i10 {display: block; margin-left: 5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i8 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism, +Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture; + In which Certain Demagogues in Tennessee, and Elsewhere, + are Shown Up in Their True Colors + +Author: William Gannaway Brownlow + +Release Date: March 15, 2009 [EBook #28328] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANISM CONTRASTED *** + + + + +Produced by Bryan Ness, Josephine Paolucci and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/001.jpg" width="500" height="600" alt="REV. W. G. BROWNLOW." title="" /> +<span class="caption">REV. W. G. BROWNLOW.</span> +</div> + +<h1>AMERICANISM CONTRASTED</h1> + +<h4>WITH</h4> + +<h2><i>Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy,</i></h2> + +<h4>IN THE LIGHT OF</h4> + +<h2>REASON, HISTORY, AND SCRIPTURE;</h2> + +<h4>IN WHICH</h4> + +<h3>CERTAIN DEMAGOGUES IN TENNESSEE, AND ELSEWHERE, ARE SHOWN UP IN THEIR +TRUE COLORS.</h3> + +<h3>BY</h3> + +<h2>WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,</h2> + +<h4>EDITOR OF "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."</h4> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4">"——Go to your bloody rites again:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Preach—perpetuate damnation in your den;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then let your altars, ye blasphemers, peal<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With thanks to Heaven, that let you loose again,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To practice deeds with torturing fire and steel,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No eye may search, no tongue may challenge or reveal!"<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i8"><span class="smcap">Thomas Campbell.</span><br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Nashville, Tenn.</i>:<br /> +PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR.<br /> +1856.<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Entered</span>, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by<br /> +WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,<br /> +In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Middle District of<br /> +Tennessee.<br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> +<h2>Dedication.</h2> + + +<h2>TO THE YOUNG MEN OF AMERICA.</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Young Gentlemen</span>:—Almighty God has conferred on you the peculiar honor +and the eminent responsibility of preserving and perpetuating the +liberties of this country, both civil and religious. That the American +people are on the eve of an eventful period, will not be doubted by any +sane man, who can discern the "signs of the times." Indeed, it is an +every-day remark, that, as a nation, we are in the midst of a crisis. +If, however, a crisis ever did exist in the affairs of this Nation, +since its independence was first achieved, which called upon the <span class="smcap">native +and legal voters</span> of the country to watch with sleepless vigilance over +their blood-bought liberties, that crisis must be dated in the year of +our Lord, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX! The great +Commonwealth of Humanity, in behalf of the momentous interests of Truth, +Liberty, and Religion, calls upon the present generation of <span class="smcap">Young Men</span>, +who will have the issues of a coming revolution to meet, to qualify +themselves for the task.</p> + +<p>There never was a time known, since the dark days of the Revolution, +when the civil and religious liberties of this country were so much +endangered as at the present time. This danger we are threatened with +from <i>Foreign influence</i>, and the rapid strides of <i>Romanism</i>, to which +we may add <i>Native treachery</i>, connived at, as they are, by certain +leading demagogues of the country, and a powerful and influential +political party, falsely called <i>Democrats</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> who seek the Foreign and +Catholic vote, and are willing to obtain it at the expense of Liberty, +and the sacrifice of the Protestant Religion!</p> + +<p>The great criminal of the nineteenth century, the <span class="smcap">Papal Hierarchy</span>, is +now on trial before the bar of public opinion, having been arraigned by +the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>. You are called on to decide, <span class="smcap">Young Men</span>, as you wield +the balance of power, whether this Criminal, arraigned for treason +against God, and hostility to the human race, deserves the execrations +of all honest and patriotic men, and avenging judgments of a righteous +God! In order to decide this grave question, <span class="smcap">Young</span> <i>Gentlemen of the +Nineteenth Century</i>, you are to consider the inevitable tendency of the +principles of the Church of Rome—the actual results of these tendencies +as embodied in history—the indictment brought in by the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>, +and the testimony of the witnesses. When you have intelligently +considered the part the self-styled <i>Democratic Party</i> has acted in this +infamous drama, you will feel it to be your duty to indict the +corporation claiming the right to be called the Great Democratic Party, +as <i>accessory</i> to the treason, crimes, and infamy, of the aforesaid +Papal Hierarchy!</p> + +<p>To you, then, Gentlemen, is this brief work most affectionately +inscribed by</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">THE AUTHOR.</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> +<h2>PREFACE.</h2> + + +<p>For the last twenty-five years, the writer of this work has employed +much of his time in the reading and study of the controversy between +Roman Catholics and Protestants. And those who have been subscribers to +the paper he has edited and published for the <span class="smcap">last seventeen years</span>, will +bear him witness that he has kept up a fierce and unceasing fire against +that dangerous and immoral <i>Corporation</i>, claiming the right to be +called the <span class="smcap">Holy Catholic Church</span>. This he has done, and still continues +to do, because he believes firmly that the system of Popery, as taught +in the standards of the Church of Rome, as enforced by her Bishops and +Priests, and as believed and practised by the great body of Romanists, +both in Europe and America, is at war with the true religion taught in +the Bible, and is injurious to the public and private morals of the +civilized world; and, if unchecked, will overturn the civil and +religious liberties of the United States. Such, he believes, is its +tendency and the design of its leaders.</p> + +<p>Popery is deceitful in its character; and the design of this brief work +is, in part, to drag it forward into the light of the middle of the +nineteenth century, to strip the flimsy vizor off its face, and to bring +it, with all its abuses, corruptions, and hypocritical Protestant +advocates, before the bar of enlightened public opinion, for judgment in +the case. Roman Catholics misrepresent their own creed, their Church, +and its corrupt institutions. The most revolting, wicked, and immoral +features of their <i>holy and immutable system</i>, are kept out of sight by +its corrupt Clergy, and Jesuitical teachers; while, with a purpose to +<i>deceive</i>, a <i>Protestant sense</i> is attached to most of their doctrines +and peculiarities. By this vile means, they designedly <i>misrepresent +themselves</i>, and impose on the public, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> inducing charitable and +uninformed persons to believe that they are not as profligate as they +are represented to be. This game has been played with a bold hand in +<i>Knoxville</i>, for the last twelve months, and it is being played in every +city and town in the South and West, where Romanism is being planted. +One object, then, of this <i>epitomized</i> work, setting forth the +boastings, threats, and disclosures of leading Catholic organs and +Bishops, as to their real principles and designs upon this country, +suffered to go forth in their more excited moments, or unguarded hours, +is, to spread before the people, in a cheap form, true Popery, and to +strip it of its <i>Protestant garb</i>, which it has for the time being +assumed.</p> + +<p>An additional reason for bringing out this publication, at this +particular time, is, to expose a corrupt bargain entered into by the +leaders of the Catholic Church, and the leaders of a corrupt and +designing political party, falsely called the Democratic party. One of +the most alarming "signs of the times" is, that while Protestant +ministers, of different persuasions, only two brief years ago, could +preach with power and eloquence against the dogmas and corrupting +tendencies of <i>Romanism</i>, and pass out of the doors of their churches, +receiving the compliments and extravagant praises of their entire +congregations, let one of them now dare to hold up this Corporation as a +dangerous foreign enemy—let him warn his charge against the influence +of Popery, or but only designate the Catholic Hierarchy as the "man of +sin" described in the Scriptures, and one half of his congregation are +grossly insulted: they charge him with meddling in politics; and, by way +of resentment, they will either not hear him again, or they will starve +him out, by refusing to contribute to his support!</p> + +<p>The hypocritical and profligate portion of the Methodist, Presbyterian, +Baptist, and Episcopal membership in this country, are not so much +misled by Popery, as they are influenced by <i>party politics</i>, and are in +love with the <i>loose moral code</i> of Romanism. It lays no restraints on +their lusts, and gives a loose rein to all their unsanctified passions +and desires. Backslidden, unconverted, or unprincipled members of +Protestant Churches, find in Popery a <i>sympathizing irreligion</i>, adapted +to their vicious lives; and hence they fall in with its disgusting +superstitions and insulting claims. They are, therefore, ensnared with +the delusions of Popery, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> <i>choice</i>. In other words, Popery is a +system of mere human policy; altogether of Foreign origin; Foreign in +its support; importing Foreign vassals and paupers by multiplied +thousands; and sending into every State and Territory in this Union, a +most baneful Foreign and anti-Republican influence. Its old <i>goutified</i>, +immoral, and drunken Pope, his Bishops and Priests, are <i>politicians</i>; +men of the world, earthly, sensual, and devilish, and mere men of +pleasure. Associated with them for the purpose, in great State and +National contests, of securing the Catholic vote, are the worst class of +American politicians, designing demagogues, selfish office-seekers, and +bad men, calling themselves <i>Democrats</i> and "Old-Line Whigs!" These +politicians know that Popery, as a system, is in the hands of a Foreign +despotism, precisely what the Koran is in the hands of the Grand Turk +and his partisans. But corrupt and ambitious politicians in this +country, are willing to act the part of traitors to our laws and +Constitution, for the sake of profitable offices; and they are willing +to sacrifice the Protestant Religion, on the ancient and profligate +altar at Rome, if they may but rise to distinction on its ruins!</p> + +<p>The great Democratic party of this country, which has degenerated into a +<i>Semi-Papal Organization</i>, for the base purposes of power and plunder, +now fully partakes of the intolerant spirit of Rome, and is acting it +out in all the departments of our State and General Governments. What +Romanism has been to the Old World, this Papal and Anti-American +organization seeks and promises to be to this country. What is Popery in +Roman Catholic Europe? It is as intolerant in politics as in religion: +it taxes and oppresses the subjects and citizens of every country; it +interdicts nations; dethrones governors, chief magistrates, and kings; +dissolves civil governments; suspends commerce; annuls civil laws; and, +to gratify its unsanctified lust of ambition, it has overrun whole +nations with bloodshed, and thrown them into confusion. So it is with +this "<i>Bogus</i>" Democracy: it wages a war of extermination against the +freedom of the press, and against the liberty of speech, the rights of +human conscience, and the liberties of man: hence its indiscriminate +proscription of all who dare to unite with the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>, or openly +espouse their cause. Popery aims at universal power over the bodies and +souls of all men; and history<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> proclaims that its weapons have been +dungeons, racks, chains, fire, and sword! The <i>bastard</i> Democracy of the +present age has united with the Prelates, Priests, Monks, and Nuns of +Romanism, and is daily affiliating with hundreds of thousands of the +very off-scourings of the European Catholic population—stimulating them +to deeds of violence, and to the shedding of blood! To-day, they sustain +a <i>Baker</i> in the foul murder of a <i>Poole</i>, in New York, because he was a +member of the so-called Know-Nothing party, which had just routed, in an +election, this Foreign Locofoco party! To-morrow, we find this same vile +party, its editors and orators, sustaining a Foreign Catholic Mob in +Louisville, Ky.; and the members of the same party, in surrounding +States, exulting over the murder of Protestant Americans! And in the +next breath, as it were, we find these sons of Belial, falsely called +<i>Democrats</i>, after reaching the power they lusted after in Philadelphia, +sending up shouts over the lawless deeds of a Foreign Catholic riot, +which made the ears of every American citizen to tingle!</p> + +<p>Under the guidance of an <span class="smcap">All-wise Providence</span>, the Protector of our +Republic, and of the Protestant Religion, it is in the power of the free +and independent voters of these United States to cause this enemy's long +"<i>arm to be clean dried up, and his right eye to be utterly darkened</i>," +by elevating to the two first offices within the gift of the world, +<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span> and <span class="smcap">Andrew J. Donelson</span>!</p> + +<p>I am, candid Reader, your fellow-citizen,</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Knoxville</span>, July, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> + +<h2>AMERICANISM CONTRASTED</h2> + +<h4>WITH</h4> + +<h3><i>Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy.</i></h3> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Creed of the American Party—The Platform misrepresented by +Mr. Watkins—Official Vote on the adoption of the new +Platform—What the Abolitionists and Democrats say of the +Platform—Seceders from the Nominating Convention, and their +Address.</p></div> + + +<p>Lord Byron, just as the war of Greece approached, said: "It is not one +man, nor a million, but the <i>spirit of liberty</i> which must be spread;" +and, carrying out the same bold idea of liberty, he continues, "It is +time to act;" or, in the language of the Know Nothing salutation, "It is +time for work;" for "what signifies <i>self</i>, if a single spark of that +genius of liberty worthy of the past, can be bequeathed unquenchably to +the future?" In the language of a fair poetess:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i10">—"Our country is a whole,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of which we all are parts; nor should a citizen<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Regard his interests as distinct from hers:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No hopes or fears should touch his patriot soul,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But what affects her honor or her shame."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The civilization—the nationality—the institutions, civil and +religious—and the mission of the United States, are all eminently +American. Mental light and personal independence, constitutional union, +national supremacy, submission to law and rules of order, homogeneous +population, and instinctive patriotism, are all vital elements of +American liberty, nationality, and upward and onward progress. Foreign +immigration, foreign Catholic influence, and sectional factions +nourished by them—and breeding demagogues in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> the name of <i>Democracy</i>, +by a prostitution of the elective franchise—have already corrupted our +nationality, degraded our councils, both State and National, weakened +the bonds of union, disturbed our country's peace, and awakened +apprehensions of insecurity and <i>progressive deterioration</i>, threatening +ultimate ruin! To rescue and restore American institutions—to maintain +American nationality, and to secure American birthrights, is the mission +and the sole purpose of the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>—composed of conservative, +patriotic, Protestant, Union-loving, native-born citizens of every +section, and of every Christian denomination—self-sacrificing patriots, +who prefer their country, and the religion of their fathers, and of the +Bible, to a factious name, a plundering political organization, and an +infamous Papal hierarchy!</p> + +<p>The paramount and ultimate object of our <span class="smcap">American Organization</span> is to +save and exalt the Union, and to preserve and perpetuate the rights and +blessings of the Protestant religion. We contend that American +principles should mould American policy; that American mind should rule +American destiny; that all sectional parties, such as a party <i>North</i>, +or a party <i>South</i>, should be renounced; that all sectional agitations, +such as are kept up by Abolitionists, Free Soilers, and Black +Republicans, should be resisted; that Congress should never agitate the +subject of domestic slavery, in any form or for any purpose, but leave +it where the Constitution fixes it; that as the destiny of the country +depends on the mind of the country, intelligence should rule; that the +ballot-box should be purified, and corrupt Romanism and foreign +influence checked; that any allegiance "to any foreign prince, +potentate, or power"—to any power, regal or pontifical, should be +rebuked as the most fatal canker of the germ of American independence; +that every citizen should be encouraged to exercise freely his own +conscience; and that the popular mind should be enlightened, and the +popular heart rectified, by proper and universal Christian education. +This is the essence of the American creed; and when methodized into a +Political Decalogue, it constitutes the <i>Ten Commandments</i> of the +American party.</p> + +<p>In this connection, and at this point, we will give the much-abused +Platform of the American party, adopted at the session of the National +Council, February 21, 1856. Examine the Platform, and answer to your +conscience the question: What true American head can disapprove—what +pure American heart can revolt? Can men taking their stand on this +Platform be the enemies of civil and religious liberties? Can either +civil or religious liberties rest secure on any other grounds? And must +not those "Bogus" Democrats and Anti-Americans, therefore, who wage war +against this citadel of American birthrights, act as enemies to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> +Federal Constitution, enemies to the Union, to the mental independence +of American citizens—enemies to the Protestant religion, and enemies, +consequently, "to civil and religious liberty?"</p> + +<h4>PLATFORM OF THE AMERICAN PARTY.</h4> +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>1st. An humble acknowledgment to the Supreme Being for his +protecting care vouchsafed to our fathers in their successful +Revolutionary struggle, and hitherto manifested to us, their +descendants, in the preservation of the liberties, the +independence, and the union of these States.</p> + +<p>2d. The perpetuation of the Federal Union, as the palladium of +our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwark of +American Independence.</p> + +<p>3d. <i>Americans must rule America</i>, and to this end, +<i>native</i>-born citizens should be selected for all State, +Federal, and municipal offices, or government employment, in +preference to all others: nevertheless,</p> + +<p>4th. Persons born of American parents residing temporarily +abroad, should be entitled to all the rights of native-born +citizens; but,</p> + +<p>5th. No person should be selected for political station, +(whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any +allegiance or obligation of any description, to any foreign +prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the +Federal and State constitutions (each within its sphere) as +paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.</p> + +<p>6th. The unqualified recognition and maintenance of the +reserved rights of the several States, and the cultivation of +harmony and fraternal good-will between the citizens of the +several States; and to this end, non-interference by Congress +with questions appertaining solely to the individual States, +and non-intervention by each State with the affairs of any +other State.</p> + +<p>7th. The recognition of the right of the native-born and +naturalized citizens of the United States, permanently residing +in any Territory thereof, to frame their constitution and laws, +and to regulate their domestic and social affairs in their own +mode, subject only to the provisions of the Federal +Constitution, with the privilege of admission into the Union +whenever they have the requisite population for one +Representative in Congress. <i>Provided always</i>, that none but +those who are citizens of the United States, under the +constitution and laws thereof, and who have a fixed residence +in any such Territory, ought to participate in the formation of +the constitution, or in the enactment of laws for said +Territory or State.</p> + +<p>8th. An enforcement of the principle that no State or Territory +ought to admit others than citizens of the United States to the +right of suffrage, or of holding political office.</p> + +<p>9th. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued +residence of twenty-one years, of all not hereinbefore provided +for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and +excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from +landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested +rights of foreigners.</p> + +<p>10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State: no +interference with religious faith or worship, and no test-oaths +for office.</p> + +<p>11th. Free and thorough investigation into any and all alleged +abuses of public functionaries, and a strict economy in public +expenditures.</p> + +<p>12th. The maintenance and enforcement of all laws +constitutionally enacted, until said laws shall be repealed, or +shall be declared null and void by competent judicial +authority.</p> + +<p>13th. Opposition to the reckless and unwise policy of the +present administration in the general management of our +national affairs, and more especially as shown in removing +"Americans" (by designation) and conservatives in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> principle, +from office, and placing foreigners and ultraists in their +places: as shown in a truckling subserviency to the stronger, +and an insolent and cowardly bravado toward the weaker powers: +as shown in reöpening sectional agitation, by the repeal of the +Missouri Compromise: as shown in granting to unnaturalized +foreigners the right of suffrage in Kansas and Nebraska: as +shown in its vacillating course on the Kansas and Nebraska +question: as shown in the corruptions which pervade some of the +departments of the government: as shown in disgracing +meritorious naval officers through prejudice or caprice; and as +shown in the blundering mismanagement of our foreign relations.</p> + +<p>14th. Therefore, to remedy existing evils, and prevent the +disastrous consequences otherwise resulting therefrom, we would +build up the "American party" upon the principles hereinbefore +stated.</p> + +<p>15th. That each State Council shall have authority to amend +their several constitutions, so as to abolish the several +degrees, and institute a pledge of honor, instead of other +obligations, for fellowship and admission into the party.</p> + +<p>16th. A free and open discussion of all political principles +embraced in our platform.</p></div> + +<p>The <span class="smcap">Hon. Mr. Watkins</span>, a renegade from the American ranks, in East +Tennessee, delivered a speech in Congress on the 6th of May, 1856; which +speech we find reported in the <i>Washington Union</i>—a speech which +betrays an utter ignorance of the point he undertook to discuss. It is +due to <i>his betrayed constituents</i> that we should expose his ignorance, +and the blundering fallacy of his attempts to justify his turning +<i>Locofoco Cataline Judas Sag-Nicht</i>! He says, as reported by his +political organ-grinder:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"But, sir, the platform recently adopted by the Philadelphia +Convention cannot receive my approbation. I cannot support Mr. +Fillmore, or any other distinguished Whig, upon that platform. +The only solitary plank in the Philadelphia platform of June, +1855, was the twelfth section—that section which denied to +Congress the right to interfere with slavery in the +Territories, declaring the doctrine of non-intervention, and of +popular sovereignty in the Territories. But, sir, that plank in +the platform was stricken out by the convention recently held, +and the sixth resolution of the platform then adopted +substituted in its place. And what does that resolution +endorse? Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution +of the Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right +of Congress to interfere upon the subject of slavery in the +sixth resolution of the Philadelphia platform? Certainly not."</p></div> + +<p>In lieu of the <i>June</i> platform, we have this <i>February</i> platform. The +June platform contained <i>no such denial to Congress</i>, as is here alleged +by Mr. Watkins, of the right to interfere with slavery in the +Territories! And it is marvellous, indeed, that a grave Member of +Congress should undertake to discuss Platforms, which he had either +never read, or the purport of which, if he had ever read them, he had +either wholly forgotten, or lacked the sense to comprehend! The twelfth +section of the June Platform says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"And expressly <i>pretermitting any expression of opinion</i> upon +the power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any +Territory, it is the sense of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> this National Council, that +Congress <span class="smcap">ought not</span> to legislate upon the subject of slavery +within the Territories of the United States."</p></div> + +<p>Thus, instead of <i>denying</i> to Congress the right to interfere with +slavery in the Territories, as erroneously and recklessly charged by +this new-born Democrat, all opinion on that subject was "<i>expressly +pretermitted</i>" in the June Platform! Mr. Watkins was in such a hurry to +join the Forney, Pierce, and Catholic Democracy, that he did not stop to +examine even the Platform which most disgusted him! But this is not the +worst blunder which he committed in that speech. He turned to the new +Platform, and asked, with an air of triumph:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution of the +(new) Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right +of Congress to interfere with the subject of slavery in the +sixth resolution of the (new) Philadelphia platform?"</p></div> + +<p>And he answers, "<i>Certainly not!</i>" The ignorant man, it would seem, only +read as far as to the sixth section of the new Platform; and even <i>that</i> +section contains a direct affirmative answer to his question; which, in +order to place the American party in a false position, he answers, +"<i>Certainly not!</i>"</p> + +<p>Now, we ask such as may have noticed his <i>misrepresentations</i>, to read a +<i>little further on</i>, at least to the end of the 7th section of this new +Platform, and see where it leaves Mr. Watkins! Turn back to the 7th +section, and it will be seen that this section, instead of +"<i>pretermitting any opinion</i>" on the question, announces the doctrine +that the citizens of the United States permanently residing in the +Territories, have a "<i>right</i>" to frame their Constitution and laws, and +to regulate their domestic affairs in their own mode, subject only to +the provisions of the Federal Constitution!</p> + +<p>The <i>New York Evening Post</i>, a Pierce and foreign Democratic organ, thus +alludes to the action of the Convention which nominated <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and +<span class="smcap">Donelson</span>:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The 12th section of the June Platform, it is true, had been +abrogated; BUT IT HAD BEEN REPLACED BY ANOTHER, MEANING +PRECISELY THE SAME THING!"</p></div> + +<p>The <i>Cincinnati Gazette</i>, an Abolition, Anti-American Foreign sheet, +came out in opposition to the American nominees, in its issue of Feb. +29th, 1856, on account of the <i>Pro-slavery</i> character of the new +Platform. The Gazette says:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We are glad that the action of the Convention <i>proved so +decided as to leave no doubt as to the character of the +Platform</i>. <span class="smcap">The latter is clearly and decidedly Pro-slavery and +Nebraska</span>, <i>and in this respect corresponds precisely with the</i> +<span class="smcap">principles of the Pierce Democracy!</span> <i>Fillmore and Donelson</i> are +therefore presented to the American people as candidates for +the Presidency<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> and Vice Presidency, ON A THOROUGH AND DECIDED +NEBRASKA PRO-SLAVERY PLATFORM, and the citizens of Northern +States are asked to vote for them!"</p></div> + +<p>The <i>New York Tribune</i>, whose editor was a prominent member of the +Pittsburgh Black Republican Convention, and who is violent in his +opposition to <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and <span class="smcap">Donelson</span>, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The object of the Know Nothings has dwindled down to this—TO +DEFEAT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY! That is to say, this is the object +of those who have managed the Philadelphia Convention, and +nominated Mr. Fillmore. I have diligently inquired for a member +who voted for <i>Banks</i> for Speaker, and now supports <i>Fillmore</i>; +but up to this time—more than three days after the +nomination—I have not heard of one. That sort must be scarce!"</p></div> + +<p>The following is the <span class="smcap">official</span> vote on the adoption of the new Platform +by the National Council, which met four days previous to the Nominating +Convention:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span>—<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Colby and Emery.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Ely, Weith, Brewster, Robinson, +and Arnold. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Richmond, Wheelwright, Temple, +Thurston, Sumner, Allen, Sawin, and Hawkes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Connecticut</span>—<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Sperry, Dunbar, Peck, Booth, +Holley, and Perkins.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Chase and Knight. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. +Simons and Nightingale.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">New York</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Walker, Oakley, Morgan, Woodward, +Reynolds, Chester, Owens, Sanders, Whiston, Nichols, Van Dusen, +Westbrook, Parsons, Picket, Campbell, Lowell, Sammons, Oakes, +Seymour, Squire, Cooper, Burr, Bennett, Marvine, Midler, +Stephens, Johnson, Wetmore, Hammond, and S. Seymour. <i>Nay</i>—Mr. +Barker.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Delaware</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Clement and Smithers.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Maryland</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Codet, Alexander, Winchester, +Stephens, and Wilmot. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Purnell, Ricaud, Pinkney, +and Kramer.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Virginia</span>—<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Bolling, McHugh, Cochran, Boteler, +Preston, and Maupin.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Florida</span>—<i>Yea</i>—Mr. Call.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">New Jersey</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Deshler, Weeks, Lyon, and +McClellan.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Freeman, Nelclede, Gossler, +Smith, Gillinham, Hammond, Wood, Gilford, Pyle, Farrand, and +Williamson. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Johnson, Sewell, Jones, Parker, +Heistand, Kase, Kinkaid, Coffee, Carlisle, Crovode, Edie, +Sewell, and Power.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Louisiana</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Lathrop and Elam. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. +Harman and Hardy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">California</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Wood and Stanley.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Arkansas</span>—<i>Yea</i>—Mr. Logan. <i>Nay</i>—Mr. Fowler.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tennessee</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Brownlow, Bankhead, Zollicoffer, +Burton, Campbell, Donelson, Harris, Bilbo, and Beloat. +<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Nelson, Reedy, and Picket.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Kentucky</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Stowers, Campbell, Raphael, Todd, +Clay, Goodloe, and Bartlett. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Shanklin, Jones, +Carpenter, Gist, and Underwood.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ohio</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. White, Nash, Simpson, and Lippett. +<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Gabriel, Olds, Ford, Barker, Potter, Stanbaugh, +Rodgers, Spooner, Hodges,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> Kyle, Lees, Swigart, Allison, +Fishback, Thomas, Corwine, Chapman, Ayres, and Johnson.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Indiana</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Sheets and Phelps. <i>Nay</i>—Mr. +Meredith.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Missouri</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Edward, Fletcher, and Hockaday. +<i>Nay</i>—Mr. Breckenridge.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Michigan</span>—<i>Yea</i>—Mr. Wood.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Lockwood, Cook, Chandler, and +Gillies.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">District of Columbia</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Ellis and Evans.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Illinois</span>—<i>Yeas</i>—Messrs. Danenhower and Allen. <i>Nays</i>—Messrs. +Jennings and Gear.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Iowa</span>—<i>Nays</i>—Messrs. Webster and Thorrington.</p> + +<p><i>Yeas</i>—108. <i>Nays</i>—77.</p></div> + +<p>We will close this chapter by giving the delegates who seceded from the +Nominating Convention, with the Address published by them on the +occasion. That recession was a more inconsiderable affair than has been +represented by the foreign party of this country. The author of this +work was the Chairman of the large Committee on Credentials, and +reported <span class="smcap">two hundred and seventy-seven</span> delegates, which report was +received without opposition, as to numbers. Of these, <i>forty-two</i> only +seceded, viz.: 13 out of 28 from Ohio; <i>one</i> of two from New Hampshire; +6—all—from Connecticut; 2 out of 13 from Massachusetts; <i>one</i> out of 3 +from Illinois; 7 out of 27 from Pennsylvania; <i>one</i> out of 4 from Rhode +Island; 5—all—from Michigan; 5—all—from Wisconsin; <i>one</i>—all—from +Iowa; 42 out of 277—not a <i>sixth</i>, and but little over a <i>seventh</i> of +the whole!</p> + + +<h4>ADDRESS.</h4> + +<p>The seceders or "bolters" made the following address, to which they +appended their States and names. What they say of the <i>Louisiana</i> +delegates, we have explained in another portion of this work:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The undersigned, delegates to the nominating Convention now in +session at Philadelphia, find themselves compelled to dissent +from the principles avowed by that body; and holding opinions, +as they do, that the restoration of the Missouri Compromise, as +demanded by a majority of the whole people, is a redress of an +undeniable wrong, and the execution of it, in spirit at least, +indispensable to the repose of the country, they have regarded +the refusal of that Convention to recognize the well-defined +opinion of the country, and of the Americans of the free +States, upon this question, as a denial of their rights and a +rebuke to their sentiments; and they hold that the admission +into the National Council and nominating Convention, of +delegates from Louisiana, representing a Roman Catholic +Constituency, absolved every true American from all obligations +to sustain the action of either of the said bodies.</p> + +<p>"They have therefore withdrawn from the nominating Convention, +refusing to participate in the proposed nomination, and now +address themselves to the Americans of the country, and +especially of the States they represent, to justify and approve +of their action; and to the end that a nomination conforming to +the overruling sentiment of the country in the great issue may +be regularly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> and auspiciously made, the undersigned propose to +the Americans in all the States to assemble in their several +State organizations, and elect delegates to a Convention to +meet in the city of New York, on Thursday, the 12th day of June +next, for the purpose of nominating candidates for President +and Vice President of the United States."</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ohio</span>—Thos. H. Ford, J. H. Baker, B. S. Kyle, W. H. C. +Mitchell, E. T. Sturtevant, O. T. Fishback, Jacob Ebbert, Wm. +B. Allison, H. C. Hodges, L. H. Olds, W. B. Chapman, Thos. +McYees, Charles Nichols.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span>—Anthony Colby.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Connecticut</span>—Lucius G. Peck, Jas. E. Dunham, Hezekiah Griswold, +Austin Baldwin, Edmund Perkins, David Booth.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span>—Wild. S. Thurston, Z. R. Pangborn.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Illinois</span>—Henry S. Jennings.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span>—Wm. F. Johnston, S. C. Kase, R. M. Riddle, T. J. +Coffey, John Williamson, J. Harrison, S. Ewell.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span>—E. J. Nightingale.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Michigan</span>—S. T. Lyon, W. Fuller, W. S. Wood, P. P. Meddler, J. +Hamilton.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span>—D. A. Gillis, John Lockwood, Robt. Chandler, G. +Burdick, C. W. Cook.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Iowa</span>—L. H. Webster.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> + +<h4>THE ELECTION OF BANKS—THE SLAVERY QUESTION.</h4> + + +<p>One of the issues in the Presidential contest now going on, is the +<i>slavery question</i>. A. O. P. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, of the Washington +Union, who canvassed this State in opposition to Scott, and shed his +<i>crocodile</i> tears before every crowd he addressed, because so good a man +as Fillmore, who had stood firm for the <i>rights of the South</i>, had been +set aside by an ungrateful Convention at Baltimore, to give place to +Scott, the favorite of <i>Seward</i>—this miserable hypocrite, we say, now +comes out and says, "Fillmore's abolitionism will suit the North."</p> + +<p>The Central Democratic Committee for East Tennessee, in a call for a +District Convention at Clinton, in May last, through the <i>Knoxville +Standard</i>, conclude said call in this language:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The time has again arrived when the national Democracy must +rally to their country's call and preserve the Constitution as +it is in its purity, and perpetuate the union of the States +from the rain which the <i>Black Republican Party of the North</i>, +aided by THEIR KNOW-NOTHING ALLIES OF THE SOUTH, would bring +upon them. By order of the</p> + +<p class="right">"CENTRAL COMMITTEE."</p></div> + +<p>The <i>Sag-Nicht Convention</i> held at Somerville, on Thursday the 8th of +May, and which selected D. M. Currin as their Electoral candidate, +adopted the following resolution:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That we have been appointed by the Democracy of +this Electoral District to organize to fight, in the coming +Presidential election, the <span class="smcap">Black Republicans and Know-Nothings</span>. +<i>Resolved</i>, That we <i>can</i> beat them, and we <i>will</i> do it. +<i>Resolved</i>, That we will cordially receive the <i>co-operation of +all Old-Line Whigs</i> who will assist us in carrying out these +resolutions."</p></div> + +<p>Now, the charge is here made that the Know-Nothings of the South are the +allies of the Black Republicans of the North. This is the impression +intended to be made, first by these <i>concealed calumniators</i> at +Knoxville, and afterwards by the <i>open and avowed slanderers</i> of the +same party at Somerville! With such <i>wholesale lying</i> as is displayed in +both of these cases, we have but little patience: we only give their +language, to show their recklessness in making such an issue. And +although this Foreign party claim to be the guardians of Southern +interests, we propose to show, before we conclude this chapter, that +they are themselves the "allies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> of the Black Republicans of the North," +and are giving them more "aid and comfort" than all the other parties in +the country!</p> + +<p>FRANCIS P. BLAIR, former editor of Gen. Jackson's organ at Washington, +was the President of the Black Republican Convention at Pittsburg, in +February last! <i>John M. Niles</i>; Democratic Senator in Congress, was +President of the Black Republican Convention held in Connecticut! In the +Pittsburg Convention, over which Blair presided, PRESTON KING, ABIJAH +MANN, DAVID WILMOT, and JACOB BRINKERHOFF, Old-Line Democrats, figured +conspicuously.</p> + +<p>For two long and cold winter months, the Democrats, both North and +South, voted for <i>Richardson</i>, of Illinois, for Speaker, a violent +<i>anti-slavery man</i>, whose speeches <i>against</i> slavery, and in <i>favor</i> of +Abolitionism, were matters of record in the Congressional Globe, and +were delivered on the floor of Congress so late as 1850! The <i>immortal</i> +75 Democrats did not cease to vote for this man <i>Richardson</i>, until <span class="smcap">Gen. +Zollicoffer</span>, of Tennessee, read his speeches upon him, in the presence +of his friends!</p> + +<p>On the 2d of February, SAMUEL A. SMITH, of Tennessee, a Democratic +Representative in Congress, <i>renewed</i> his motion to adopt the <span class="smcap">plurality +rule</span>. His proposition, which it was evident would elect <i>Banks</i>, was +carried by Black Republican votes, who went for it in a body. This would +still not have elected <i>Banks</i>, but for the fact that the following +<i>Democrats</i> voted for the odious plurality rule: <i>Clingman</i>, <i>Herbert</i>, +<i>Hickman</i>, <i>Jewett</i>, <i>Kelley</i>, <i>Barclay</i>, <i>Bayard</i>, <i>Wells</i>, <i>Williams</i>, +and <span class="smcap">Samuel A. Smith</span>! Mr. Clarke was the only American who voted for the +odious rule!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Carlile</span>, a national American, of Virginia, before the vote was taken +upon this plurality rule, offered the following substitute for it:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the <span class="smcap">Hon. Wm. Aiken</span>, a Representative from the +State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby declared Speaker +of the Thirty-Fourth Congress."</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gov. Aiken</span> is a sound Southern Democrat—never was any thing else—but +<span class="smcap">Col. Smith</span> <i>objected</i>, and demanded the <i>previous question</i>, which cut +off <span class="smcap">Mr. Carlile's</span> resolution, and which was to prevent its adoption! The +candidate of the Democratic party, at that time, <span class="smcap">Mr. Orr</span>, immediately +<i>withdrew in favor of</i> <span class="smcap">Gov. Aiken</span>, upon the introduction of <span class="smcap">Mr. +Carlile's</span> resolution; and to <i>prevent Aiken's election</i>, SAMUEL A. SMITH +cut off said resolution by a call of the previous question!</p> + +<p>Banks was elected by <i>one</i> vote, and this could not be accomplished +until SEVEN DEMOCRATS got <i>behind the bar</i>, and refused to vote at all! +These were HICKMAN, PARKER, and BARCLAY, of Pennsylvania; CRAIG, of +North Carolina;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> TAYLOR, of Louisiana; RICHARDSON, of Illinois; and +SEWARD, of Georgia! Any <i>two</i> of these <i>Southern</i> Democrats could have +made <span class="smcap">Aiken</span> Speaker, but they did not want him—they knew Banks to be a +<i>Democrat</i>, if he were a Black Republican—and to elect him, they +believed would give them the strength of that odious party in the coming +contest.</p> + +<p>We have before us the <i>Washington Union</i> of Sept. 27th, 1853, giving, +editorially, a glowing account of the Massachusetts Democratic State +Convention, reporting the speech of Nathaniel P. Banks, of Waltham, +concluding that report in these words:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Mr. Banks emphatically and decidedly, on his own part, and on +that of the <i>Democrats of Massachusetts</i>, disclaimed the truth +of the rumors in certain newspapers that an arrangement had +been entered into with another political party in the +Commonwealth concerning the distribution of State offices. It +was his and this Convention's and all true Democrats' desire, +belief, and determination, that Henry W. Bishop should be +elected governor of Massachusetts, and that the other +Democratic State officers should also be elected. He was not +afraid of defeat, and less afraid of <i>Whig success</i>, which, to +judge by its recent effects, was simply equivalent to a defeat. +[Applause.]"</p></div> + +<p>It may be said, and doubtless will be, that <i>Banks</i> has allied himself +with the Republicans. But Banks says he has <i>always been a Democrat</i>, +and that he was <i>nominated as a Democrat in his district</i>. And certain +it is, that he was elected Speaker by DEMOCRATS, under the <i>compulsion</i> +of an odious plurality rule, and the <i>gag</i> of the previous question!</p> + +<p>It will be said, and said truthfully too, that SIX AMERICANS FROM THE +NORTH voted for <span class="smcap">Mr. Fuller</span>, of Pennsylvania. So they did; and in doing +so, they voted for a sound national and conservative man. But did this +justify <i>Southern</i> Democrats in <i>dodging</i> the question, and thereby +electing a Black Republican Speaker? Gov. Aiken was the candidate of the +<i>seven</i> Democrats—he was not the candidate of the <i>six</i> Americans! +Democracy, moreover, had refused to vote for an American under any +circumstances, and had, on the first day of the meeting of Congress, +passed a resolution insulting the whole American party, in caucus! We +would have seen them banished to the farthest verge of astronomical +imagination, before we would have voted for any man that favored that +insulting resolution!</p> + +<p>In 1847, by a <i>unanimous vote</i>, both branches of the Legislature of New +Hampshire adopted resolutions denunciatory of the institution of +slavery, and approving of the Wilmot Proviso. These resolutions were +reported to the House, by the Representative from Hillsboro, the native +town of <i>Gen. Pierce</i>, and were in the <i>handwriting</i> of Pierce!</p> + +<p>On the 2d of October, 1847, the Democratic Soft-Shells, who are now the +supporters of Pierce's administration, and fill the offices<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> he has to +dispose of in New York, held a State Convention, and declared their +"<i>uncompromising hostility to slavery</i>" in a string of resolutions they +adopted and ordered to be published.</p> + +<p>On the 16th of February, 1848, a Democratic State Convention for New +York convened at Utica, to appoint Delegates to the National Convention +to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, at which a +string of anti-Southern resolutions were adopted, denouncing "<i>slavery</i> +or <i>involuntary servitude</i>," as repugnant to the genius of +Republicanism.</p> + +<p>On the 18th of July, 1848, the Democratic Soft-Shells held a +mass-meeting in the park of New York, and, by way of making perfect +their organization against General Cass, declared, by resolutions, their +"<i>uncompromising hostility to slavery or involuntary servitude!</i>"</p> + +<p>On the 13th of September, 1848, a Democratic mass-meeting convened at +Buffalo, in New York, and, in a general Abolition jubilee, adopted +resolutions condemning and denouncing the institution of slavery!</p> + +<p>In 1852, while the contest was going on between Pierce and Scott, the +<i>Washington Union</i> said, editorially:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"THE FREE-SOIL DEMOCRATIC LEADERS OF THE NORTH, ARE A REGULAR +PORTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY; AND GENERAL PIERCE, IF +ELECTED, WILL MAKE NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM AND THE REST OF +THE DEMOCRACY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL PATRONAGE, AND IN +THE SELECTION OF AGENTS FOR ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT!"</p></div> + +<p>The Black Republicans recently held a meeting in New York, at which +<i>Benjamin F. Butler</i>, of "pious memory," and Van Buren Swartwout +notoriety, presided! On his right hand sat, as Vice President of the +meeting, <i>Moses H. Grinnell</i>, one of the Democratic "pipe-layers" of +1840, whom this Van Buren Attorney-General Butler made efforts to send +to the State prison! Another Vice President, gravely looking on, and +arranged in dignified grandeur upon the stand, was John W. Edmonds, +ex-"blanket contractor" in a large swindle, and a practical +spiritual-rapper! A third and last Vice President was the notorious <i>Dr. +Townsend</i>, the sarsaparilla man, who has not yet wound up his +controversy with a man of the same name, as to who is the greatest +rascal in the way of manufacturing this medicine!</p> + +<p>Among the other officers, secretaries, and prominent men in the meeting, +was <i>C. A. Dana</i>, of the Tribune office, a <i>Fourierist</i>, who, at a +public meeting on a former occasion, toasted "Horace Greeley, Charles +Fourier, and Jesus Christ!" Prominent in the meeting was <i>C. A. +Stetson</i>, of the Astor House, an <i>Amalgamationist</i>. Henry J. Raymond, +the Abolition editor of the Times, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> <i>Rudolph Garrigue</i>, a noisy +German Abolitionist, looked and acted as though they believed the +salvation of the Union depended upon the success of the Republicans! A +fellow who made frequent motions, an Irishman by the name of <i>McMorrow</i>, +had served an apprenticeship of twelve months in the State prison, for +breaking open a store after night! The principal speaker, who spoke for +two hours on the subject of slavery, was the notorious <i>Bingham</i>, an +itinerant Abolitionist from Ohio. It was a queer medley of men, parties, +principles, and characters—two-thirds of all the active partisans in +the meeting having held offices in the ranks of Democracy! And still, +that party boasts of its Northern wing being sound upon the slavery +question.</p> + +<p>And here is the resolution of the 8th of January <i>Democratic</i> Convention +in Ohio, appointing delegates to the Cincinnati Pow-wow:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the people of Ohio now, as they have always +done, look upon slavery as an evil, and unfavorable to the +development of the spirit and practical benefits of free +institutions; and that, entertaining these sentiments, they +will at all times feel it to be their duty to use all power +clearly given by the terms of the national compact, to prevent +its increase, to mitigate, <i>and finally eradicate the evil</i>."</p></div> + +<p>To show, just here, where Tennessee Democrats stand upon the infamous +Wilmot Proviso question, we give the following extract from a recent +number of the <i>Nashville Patriot</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">JAMES K. POLK,</p> + +<p>who, in 1847, approved the Oregon bill, which contained this +odious and unconstitutional clause: next in order is</p> + +<p class="center">CAVE JOHNSON,</p> + +<p>now President of the Bank of Tennessee, who voted for the same +bill which Mr. Polk sanctioned: next we have</p> + +<p class="center">AARON V. BROWN,</p> + +<p>an aspirant before the Cincinnati Convention, who did likewise: +then comes</p> + +<p class="center">JULIUS W. BLACKWELL,</p> + +<p>a star whose light has been quenched in obscurity, but who +voted with his colleagues for the Oregon bill in '47: next in +the procession of Southern men "dangerous to the South" is</p> + +<p class="center">BARCLAY MARTIN,</p> + +<p>President Pierce's U. S. Mail Agent, who cast a similar vote: +following him we have</p> + +<p class="center">LUCIEN B. CHASE,</p> + +<p>author of the History of the Polk Administration, at present a +resident of New York city, but at the time he exhibited himself +as "a dangerous man to the South," a representative in Congress +from this State: he is succeeded by</p> + +<p class="center">FRED. P. STANTON,</p> + +<p>for ten years a Democratic Congressman from the Memphis +district: he voted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> for the Oregon bill, with the Wilmot +Proviso annexed: behind him in the march is</p> + +<p class="center">ALVAN CULLOM,</p> + +<p>a Democratic Congressman, who has squatted on the <i>other</i> side +of one of his native mountains in the fourth district, and been +quiescent for some years: he was one of the Tennessee +"dangerous men:" he voted twice for the Wilmot Proviso: in the +same category is</p> + +<p class="center">GEORGE W. JONES,</p> + +<p>in the language of another, the "goose which cackles at the +door of the Treasury vault:" notorious as a Southern supporter +of the Squatter Sovereignty doctrine, with two votes on record +in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. He may be reckoned as <i>very</i> +"dangerous to the South:" last, but not least in this dread +array of "dangerous men," is</p> + +<p class="center">ANDREW JOHNSON,</p> + +<p>the present Governor of Tennessee, and Cincinnati aspirant: he +voted <i>three</i> times for the Wilmot Proviso, and so doubtful are +his doctrines on the slavery question, that many slaveholding +members of his own party regard him as <i>extremely</i> "dangerous +to the South."</p></div> + +<p>By the way, in 1842, this same <i>Gov. Johnson</i> was a Senator in our State +Legislature, and introduced the following <i>Abolition</i> resolutions, +commonly called his <i>White Basis System</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee</i>, +That the basis to be observed in laying the State off into +Congressional districts shall be the voting population, <span class="smcap">without +any regard to three-fifths of the negro population</span>.</p> + +<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the 120,083 qualified voters shall be divided +by eleven, and that each eleventh of the 120,083 of qualified +voters shall be entitled to elect one member in the Congress of +the United States, or so near as may be practicable without a +division of counties."</p></div> + +<p>The position of Gov. Johnson is this: he wishes the State entitled to +her slave representation <i>as a State</i>, but <i>in her own borders</i> the +representative districts are to be made according to her white +population! In other words, he desires the State to retain her <i>ten</i> +Congressmen, representing both her white and slave population, but +wishes them appointed throughout the State without regard to the slave +population: so that the county containing ten thousand white +inhabitants, and double that number of slaves, should be entitled to no +more representation than the county containing <i>ten</i> thousand white +inhabitants and no slaves!</p> + +<p>We heard Johnson last summer, in his debate with Gentry, in Campbell +county, contend that the county of Campbell should have the same +representation in Congress as the county of Shelby, which he stated had +FIFTEEN THOUSAND NEGROES! He appealed to the prejudices and passions of +the poor—inquired of the hard working-men of that county how they liked +to see their wives and daughters <i>offset</i>, in enumerating the strength +of the county, by the "<i>greasy negro wenches of Shelby, Davidson, +Fayette,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> Sumner and Rutherford counties</i>." He made a real, stirring +abolition appeal to the poor, and non-slaveholding portion of the crowd, +which was in the proportion of <i>ten to one</i> of that county, to array +them against the rich, and especially against the owners of large +numbers of slaves. He told them that these Negro wenches belonged to the +lordly slaveholders of Middle and West Tennessee, and that as our +Constitution now is, these wenches were placed on an <i>equality</i> with the +fair daughters and virtuous wives of laboring men. On this ground he +advocated his infamous amendment to the Constitution, which would +incorporate his "White Basis" scheme!</p> + +<p>This is a rank Abolition measure, and fraught with more danger to the +South than any thing proposed by the whole brood of Abolitionists, Free +Soilers, and Black Republicans at the North. Already the South is weak +enough, and not at all able to vote with the North in our National +Legislature. The effect of this scheme is to deprive the South of +one-third of her strength in Congress. Not only is this the effect, but +it is the design of the mover. We hold that Johnson is a Free Soiler, +and has been for years. It is stated by his Northern Democratic friends, +that when he quit Congress, he came home to run for Governor—with a +determination, if defeated, to remove to some of the Northwestern +States, and take a new start! Had he been defeated by Maj. Henry in +1853, he would now be a Black Republican in one of the Free States, +running for office! And yet the propagator of this infamous Abolition +doctrine of a "White Basis" representation—this demagogue who arrays +the poor against slaveholders, is the man for the ultra guardians of the +slave interests of the South! A man who would not own negroes when he +could, but loaned his money out at interest, and left his wife and +daughters to do their own work—a man who is at heart and in his +doctrines a rank Free Soiler—a man who has only remained in the South +to <i>experiment</i> upon office-seeking! This is the man that Georgia, +Alabama, Virginia, Mississippi, and Carolinas, rejoiced to see elected +Governor of a Southern slave State!</p> + +<p>It was seeing the position of Johnson on this question that induced the +"<i>Democratic Herald</i>" in Ohio, in June, 1855, thus to notice our race +for Governor:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Tennessee.</span>—An animated contest is going on in this good old +Democratic State for Governor, and the largest crowds flock to +hear the candidates that ever attended political meetings since +the Hero of New Orleans used to address the masses in person. +The present incumbent, Andrew Johnson, is the Democratic +candidate, and a <i>Mr. Gentry</i>, a <i>pro-slavery</i> renegade from +the Federal Whig ranks, is the opposing candidate, brought out +by a Know Nothing conclave. This man is on the stump abusing +the Catholics, and denouncing them for their tyranny, while he +openly advocates the <i>slavery doctrines of Southern Niggerdom</i>! +On the other hand, his competitor, Gov.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> Johnson, well and +favorably known to our leading Democrats of Ohio, HAS NO +SYMPATHIES WITH SLAVERY, and is the advocate of such amendments +to the Federal Constitution as will give all power to the +people, and EFFECTUALLY PUT DOWN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY!"</p></div> + +<p>Now, this showing up of Democracy, on the Slavery question, may look +<i>shabby</i> to many ultra Southern men, and it may induce them to charge +that the Democratic party are <i>inconsistent</i>. We defend them against the +charge of <i>inconsistency</i>, and maintain that what would be called +<i>inconsistency</i> here, is nothing but <i>Democracy</i>. For instance, A. O. P. +Q. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, the editor of the great official organ of +Democracy at Washington, said, editorially, and "by authority," so late +as 1855:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"IT IS NO PART OF THE CREED OF A DEMOCRAT, AS SUCH, TO ADVOCATE +OR OPPOSE THE EXTENSION OF SLAVERY. HE MAY DO THE ONE OR THE +OTHER, IN THE EXERCISE OF HIS RIGHTS AS A CITIZEN, AND NOT +OFFEND AGAINST HIS DEMOCRATIC FEALTY!"</p></div> + +<p>Precisely so! A man may advocate the <i>abolition</i> of slavery where it +exists; he may, as a Black Republican, arm himself with Sharpe's rifle, +and go into Kansas, and shoot down pro-slavery men, and still be a +consistent Democrat, if he vote for the party, and stand by the nominees +of the party conventions! Hence, all the factions at home and from +abroad—all religions—all the ends and odds of God's creation are now +associated together, and are battling in the same unholy cause, in the +name of <i>Democracy</i>!</p> + +<p>And further to exhibit the inconsistency of this Democratic and Foreign +party, it will be recollected that, in 1844, they nominated <span class="smcap">Silas +Wright</span>, of New York, for Vice-President, to run on the ticket with <span class="smcap">Col. +Polk</span>—a position he declined, because he would not agree to be <i>second +best</i> on the ticket. In a letter to <span class="smcap">James H. Titus, Esq.</span>, bearing date +April 15, 1847, <span class="smcap">Mr. Wright</span> says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"If the question had been propounded to me at any period of my +public life, Shall the arms of the Union be employed to +conquer, or the money of the Union be used to purchase +Territory now constitutionally free, for the purpose of +planting Slavery upon it, I should have answered, No! And this +answer to this question is the Wilmot Proviso, as I understand +it. <i>I am surprised that any one should suppose me capable of +entertaining any other opinion, or giving any other answer as +to such a proposition.</i>"</p></div> + +<p>Now, if <span class="smcap">Silas Wright</span>, one of the great "Northern lights" of Democracy, +held these sentiments in 1847, what must they have been in 1844, when +that party sought to elevate him to the second office within the gift of +the nation? But we are just reminded of what is said in "the law and the +prophets," that is to say, "<i>It is no part of the creed of a Democrat</i>, +<span class="smcap">as such</span>, <i>to advocate or oppose the extension of slavery!</i>" What a +party!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> +<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig for Sept. 22, 1855.]</h4> + +<h2>TO REV. A. B. LONGSTREET,</h2> + +<h3>PROFESSOR OF METHODISM, ROMANISM, AND LOCOFOCOISM.</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Reverend Sir</span>:—I see a <i>pastoral address</i> of yours, to "Methodist +Know-Nothing Preachers," going the rounds of the Locofoco Foreign Sag +Nicht papers of the South, occupying from four to six columns, according +to the dimensions of the papers copying. I have waded through your +learned address, and find it to be one of more ponderous magnitude than +the Report made to the British House of Commons, by Lord North, on a +subject of far greater interest! And as I am one of the class of men you +address, notwithstanding your great advantage over me in point of age +and experience; and as no one has made a <i>formal</i> response to your +<i>pious warnings</i>, it will not be deemed insolent in me to take you up.</p> + +<p>My first acquaintance with you was in 1847, at an Annual Meeting of the +Georgia Conference, held in Madison; and although the impressions made +upon my mind by you, on that occasion, were any thing but favorable to +you, as a man, still, I am capable, as I believe, of doing you justice. +I supposed you then to be the rise of sixty years, certainly in your +<i>dotage</i> and among the <i>vainest</i> old gentlemen I had ever met with. You +obtained leave, as I understand, by your own seeking, to deliver a +lecture to the Conference, upon the subject of <i>correctly reading and +pronouncing the Scriptures</i>. I was in attendance, and listened to you +with all the attention and impartiality I was capable of exercising. I +thought it a little <i>presumptuous</i> for any one man to assume to teach +more than one hundred able ministers how to read and pronounce the +inspired writings; and the more so, when I knew that several of the +number were presidents and professors in different male and female +colleges, and that many others of them were graduates of the best +literary institutions in the South. Still, my apology for you was, that +you was a vain old gentleman, and that to listen to you, respectfully, +was to obey the Divine teaching of one who has taught us to "bear the +infirmities of the weak." Your <i>samples</i>, both of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> reading and +pronunciation, were amusing and novel to me. And so far as I could +gather the prevailing sentiment, it was, that to adopt your style would +render the reading of the Scriptures perfectly ridiculous.</p> + +<p>In your address to "Methodist Know-Nothing Preachers," I discover that +you are still the man you were at Madison, in 1847: you have a great +deal to say about <i>yourself</i>, and make free use of the personal pronoun +I! <i>I</i> advise—<i>I</i> believe—<i>I</i> am satisfied—<i>I</i> will not agree—<i>I</i> +warn and caution—<i>I</i> fear, or <i>I</i> apprehend, etc. To parse the +different sentences in your partisan harangue syntactically, little else +is necessary but to understand the <i>first person singular</i>, and to +repeat the rule as often as it occurs: a peculiarity which characterizes +every paragraph in your labored address. Beside, the frequent use of the +pronouns <i>I</i>, <i>me</i>, <i>my</i>, <i>mine</i>, etc., too frequently occur to be worth +estimating. And it will be seen, upon examination, that not merely the +verbiage, but the sentiment, is thus egotistic throughout, exhibiting a +degree of arrogance and self-importance, only to be met with in a +<i>Clerical Locofoco</i>, used by bad men for ignoble purposes. To carry out +the idea of your <i>vanity</i>, you say in the winding up of your address:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"And now, brethren, have <i>I</i> or Mr. Wesley hit upon one good +reason why you should not have joined the Know-Nothings? If +either of <i>us</i> have, then <i>I</i> beseech you to come from among +them. If <i>we</i> have not, there is yet another in reserve which, +if it does not prevail will show—or prove to my satisfaction +at least—that if <i>an angel from heaven</i> were to denounce your +order, you would cleave to it still."</p></div> + +<p>Any other man but yourself would, from considerations of <i>modesty</i>, have +given <span class="smcap">John Wesley</span> the preference, in this connection, and come in as +<i>second best</i>. But no, you are <i>first in place</i>, and, in your own +estimation, in <i>importance</i> likewise, as a religious teacher.</p> + +<p>I have no doubt you consider yourself a much greater man than John +Wesley ever was; and in proof of this, I need only cite what you have +said in reference to Mr. Wesley's opposition to Romanism:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Even good old John Wesley caught the spirit of the times, and +wrote that letter, from which it appears he thought if the +Catholics got into power, they would abuse Protestants. What +abuse they could have heaped on them, greater than they heaped +on Catholics, short of cutting their throats, I cannot +conceive."</p></div> + +<p>The only superior you acknowledge is <span class="smcap">Cardinal Wiseman</span>, a bigoted Roman +Catholic, and you seem to knock under to him quite reluctantly, and not +without informing the public that you have been a laborious student for +forty years, and "<i>a profound thinker</i>." Here is your praise:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I have been a pretty severe student for near forty years, and +a laborious, if not <i>profound thinker</i> for a long time; but +when I compare myself in intellectual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> stature with that man, I +shrink in my own estimation to the insignificance of a mite."</p></div> + +<p>So much by way of noticing vanity. You are a literary and theological +star of the first magnitude! You are an encyclopedia of the learning, +science, patriotism, and religion of the country! Sir, if you possessed +a little more <i>sheep-faced modesty</i>, and could exhibit a little less of +<i>lion-headed impudence</i> than you do, you would be a much more useful, +not to say successful minister of the New Testament!</p> + +<p>Sir, you have taken the field in opposition to Know-Nothingism, +<i>professedly</i> through your deep and abiding concern for Christianity, +and the interests of Methodism. You say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"You cannot surely be so weak as to suppose you can crush +Romanism by Know-Nothing agencies; but you have almost ruined +Methodism by them already.</p> + +<p>"Now the ruler of this nation is spoken evil of by your party +continually, and therefore, in the judgment of Wesley, I might +stand up in the pulpit and defend him."</p></div> + +<p>The truth is, you are influenced alone by partisan political feelings; +and occupying a position in a Mississippi College, in the midst of +Fire-eating Disunion Progressive Democracy, you desire to please them, +rather than serve the interests of your country or Church. To take the +stump, or the pulpit, in defence of <i>Frank Pierce</i> and his corrupt +administration, would be a pleasant talk to you, who have been, all your +life-time, an inveterate Locofoco in politics, and "a profound thinker" +in favor of its iniquitous measures and principles. In your early +political training, you have been swayed by interest and popular favor, +and in most cases at the expense of truth, just as you now are, in your +mad vindication of Romanism. A tool for others to work with, till you +have found yourself in a condition to use such tools as you yourself +have been, you are now a trimmer and weathercock, leading on men of less +sense than yourself, to such distinction as interest and ambition may +dictate!</p> + +<p>Sir, you take the ground, throughout, that there is no danger of +Catholics in this country, and that they do not seek to establish their +religion. Here is a specimen of your logic:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Thank God no religious sect can tyrannize over another in this +country, so long as they all respect the Federal Constitution. +Until we see, then, the Catholics treating that instrument with +disrespect, it is madness to entertain fears of them and worse +than madness to form combinations against them."</p></div> + +<p>Now, sir, the foregoing statement is untrue, and in making it you could +not have been sincere. You are a man of too much sense, and of too much +information, to believe what you are wickedly trying to palm upon +others. Brownson's Quarterly Review,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> the most able, as well as the most +authentic organ of Catholicism in the United States, employs the +following language to the American people—mark it:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Are your free institutions infallible?</i> Are they founded on +<i>Divine right</i>? This you deny. Is not the proper question for +you to discuss, then, <i>not</i> whether the Papacy be or be not +compatible with republican government, but whether <i>it be or be +not founded in Divine right</i>? If the Papacy be founded in +Divine right, it is supreme over whatever is founded only in +human right, and then your institutions should be made to +harmonize with it: not it with your institutions!!! The real +question, then, is not the compatibility or the incompatibility +of the Catholic Church with <i>democratic institutions</i>, but, Is +the <i>Catholic Church the Church of God</i>?</p> + +<p>"Settle this question first. But in point of fact, <i>democracy +is a mischievous dream, wherever the Catholic Church does not +predominate</i>, to inspire the people with reverence, and to +teach and accustom them to obedience to authority."</p></div> + +<p>Here is still plainer language from the Roman Catholic Bishop of St. +Louis:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian countries, as +in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are +Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part +of the law of the land, they are punished as other crimes."</p></div> + +<p>Here is what the <i>Boston Pilot</i> says, a Catholic paper of high standing:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>No good government can exist</i> without religion, and there can +be no religion without an <i>inquisition</i>, which is wisely +designed for the promotion and protection of the <i>true faith</i>."</p></div> + +<p>Here is the <i>Shepherd of the Valley</i>, published under the eye and with +the approbation of the Bishop of St. Louis:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church is, of necessity, intolerant. Heresy she endures +when and where she <i>must</i>; but she hates it, and directs all +her energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an +immense numerical majority, religious freedom in this country +is <i>at an end</i>: so say our enemies—<i>so say we</i>."</p></div> + +<p>And here is what the <i>Rambler</i> says, a devoted Catholic periodical, high +in the confidence of the Bishops and Priests of that Church:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"You ask if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were +in the minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he +do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on +circumstances. If it would benefit the cause of Catholicism, he +would tolerate you—if expedient, he would imprison you, banish +you, fine you, probably he might even hang you; but, be assured +of one thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the +'glorious principles' of civil and religious liberty."</p></div> + +<p>I could give other quotations of this character, which have met your eye +long since, but I forbear, as they would extend my letter beyond the +limit I have prescribed for myself. These are the publications which, in +part at least, have given rise to the Know-Nothing organization, so +cordially hated by you.</p> + +<p>You say there is no danger of injury to our institutions from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> the rapid +strides of Romanism. Allow me to ask your attention to the following +remarkable political prediction by the Duke of Richmond, late +Governor-General of Canada, and a British noble, who declared himself +hostile to the United States on all occasions. Speaking of our +Government, this deadly enemy said:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It will be destroyed; it ought not, it will not be permitted +to exist." "The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent +wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its +example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon +his throne; and the <i>sovereigns of Europe are aware of it</i>; and +they have <i>determined upon its destruction, and have come to an +understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means +to accomplish it</i>; and they will eventually succeed by +SUBVERSION <i>rather than conquest</i>." "All the low and surplus +population of the different nations of Europe will be carried +into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad +and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted +for soldiers, or to supply the navies; <i>and the governments of +Europe will favor such a course</i>. This will create a surplus +and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited; +and they will <i>bring with them their principles</i>; and in nine +cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former +governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion; and will +transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate +them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and, by +the constitution and laws, will be invested with the right of +suffrage." "Hence, <i>discord</i>, <i>dissension</i>, <i>anarchy and civil +war will ensue</i>; and some popular individual will assume the +government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe, +the emigrants, and many of the natives will sustain him." "The +Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in +time be the established religion, and will aid in the +destruction of that Republic." "I have <i>conversed with many of +the sovereigns and princes of Europe, and they have unanimously +expressed these opinions relative to the government of the +United States, and their determination to subvert it</i>."</p></div> + +<p>But, sir, after eulogizing Catholics for their devotion to religious +toleration in this country, you make two assertions, touching the +Methodist Church, for which I wish to arraign you, and for which the +authorities of said Church ought to arraign you, under that section of +our Discipline which forbids <i>railing out against our Doctrines and +Discipline</i>. You say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"And if I were to take the stump against you, I would say to +the honest yeomanry of the country. 'Good people, if you think +your liberties will be <i>any safer in the hands of Methodists +than Catholics, you are vastly mistaken</i>.'</p> + +<p>"I would add, in humiliation but in candor, 'You have ten +thousand times more to fear, just at this time, from +Methodists, than Catholics; simply because the first are more +numerous than the last, because the first are actually in the +field for office, while the last are not.'"</p></div> + +<p>If you have this opinion of the Methodist Church, you cannot be an +honest man and remain within her jurisdiction. You ought to leave her +communion forthwith, and go over to Rome; and in doing this, you would +<i>not have far to go</i>! Occupying the position you do, and holding the +sentiments you do, I would not send a child to any school or college +over which you might preside. Nor do I think any Protestant parent or +guardian ought to patronize<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> any school under your care. Your influence, +whatever you may possess, is against the Protestant faith, and in favor +of Catholicism. In a word, you are a dangerous man in a Republican +government.</p> + +<p>Upon the subject of religious toleration by the Catholics, you seem to +have fallen into the same error adopted by the Hon. Mr. Stephens, of +Georgia—a man for whom you have great regard now, but who, in the days +of <i>Clay Whiggery</i>, was a stench in your Locofoco nostrils! Mr. Stephens +made the assertion, in a public speech in Augusta, that "the Catholic +Colony of Maryland, under Lord Baltimore, was the first to <i>establish</i> +the principle of free toleration in religious worship." The Colony of +Maryland was a Catholic Colony, and the "Toleration Act" was written by +Lord Baltimore himself. That Act is dated 21st April, 1649, when Lord +Baltimore was in the zenith of his glory. Here is the language of that +"Act" of religious toleration:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Denying the Holy <i>Trinity</i> is to be punished with <i>death</i>, and +confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary, (Lord +Baltimore himself!). Persons using any reproachful words +concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or +Evangelists, to be fined £5, or in default of payment to be +publicly whipped and <i>imprisoned, at the pleasure</i> of his +Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his +Lieutenant-General." <i>See Laws of Maryland, at large, by T. +Bacon</i>, A. D. 1765. 16 and 17 <i>Cecilius's Lord Baltimore</i>.</p></div> + +<p>God deliver us from such toleration! <i>Death</i> was the penalty for +expressing certain religious opinions, not acceptable to Lord Baltimore +and the Holy Catholic Church! Fines and <i>whipping at the post</i> was the +penalty for speaking against the image-worship of the Catholic Church. +But I need not pursue this subject further: the <i>onus propandi</i> is on +your side.</p> + +<p>Speaking of Mr. Wesley, you say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"If Wesley were alive, what would he think of your midnight +plots, and open tirades against Papists? But a letter of his +has been going the rounds of the newspapers, which the Know +Nothings obviously think gives the sanction of that good man to +their movement. Not so. Mr. Wesley was not the man to write as +inconsistently as their version of this letter makes him +write."</p></div> + +<p>Why, sir, Mr. Wesley goes much further in his political opposition to +Roman Catholics than the American party have ever proposed to go. The +American party say only that they will not vote for Catholics, or put +them in office, because their principles are antagonistic to the spirit +of Republican institutions. Mr. Wesley lays down the comprehensive, but +<i>true doctrine</i>, in this very letter, that "<i>no government not Roman +Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion</i>." And +to show how fully and clearly he sustains this position, I quote from +his letter at length. You will find the letter in Vol. 5, page 817, of +Wesley's Miscellaneous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> Works, dated January 12th, 1780. It was +originally addressed to the Dublin Freeman's Journal. Here is what Mr. +Wesley says, in the very letter you seek to <i>deny out of</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I consider not whether the Romish religion is true or false: +build nothing on one or the other supposition. Therefore, away +with all your common-place declamation about intolerance and +persecution for religion! Suppose every word of Pope Pius's +creed to be true! Suppose the Council of Trent to have been +infallible; yet I insist upon it that no government not Roman +Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic +persuasion.</p> + +<p>"I prove this by a plain argument—let him answer it that +can—that no Roman Catholic does or can give security for his +allegiance or peaceable behavior. I prove it thus: It is a +Roman Catholic maxim, established not by private men, but by +public council, that 'No faith is to be kept with heretics.' +This has been openly avowed by the Council of Constance; but it +has never been openly disclaimed. Whether private persons avow +or disavow it, it is a fixed maxim of the Church of Rome. But +as long as it is so, nothing can be more plain than that the +members of that Church can give no reasonable security to any +government for their allegiance and peaceable behavior. +Therefore, they ought not to be tolerated by any government, +Protestant, Mohammedan, or Pagan. You say, 'Nay, but they take +an oath of allegiance.' True, five hundred oaths; but the +maxim, 'No faith is to be kept with heretics,' sweeps them all +away as a spider's web. So that still no governors that are not +Roman Catholics can have any security of their allegiance.</p> + +<p>"Again, those who acknowledge the spiritual power of the Pope +can give no security of their allegiance to any government; but +all Roman Catholics acknowledge this: therefore they can give +no security for their allegiance. The power of granting pardons +for all sins—past, present, and to come—is, and has been for +many centuries, one branch of his spiritual power. But those +who acknowledge him to have this spiritual power can give no +security for their allegiance, since they believe the Pope can +pardon rebellion, high treason, and all other sins whatever. +The power of dispensing with any promise, oath, or vow, is +another branch of the spiritual power of the Pope: all who +acknowledge his spiritual power must acknowledge this. But +whoever acknowledges the dispensing power of the Pope, can give +no security for his allegiance to any government. Oaths and +promises are none: they are as light as air—a dispensation +makes them null and void. Nay, not only the Pope, but even a +priest has power to pardon sins! This is an essential doctrine +of the Church of Rome. But they that acknowledge this, cannot +possibly give any security for their allegiance to any +government. Oaths are no security at all; for the priest can +pardon both perjury and high treason. Setting their religion +aside, it is plain that, upon principles of reason, no +government ought to tolerate men who cannot give any security +to that government for their allegiance and peaceful behavior. +But this, no Romanist can do; not only while he holds that 'no +faith is to be kept with heretics,' but so long as he +acknowledges either priestly absolution, or the spiritual power +of the Pope.</p> + +<p>"If any one pleases to answer this, and set his name, I shall +probably reply. But the productions of anonymous writers I do +not promise to take any notice of.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"I am, sir, your humble servant,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"JOHN WESLEY.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">City Road</span>, January 12, 1780."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>But, sir, you know as well as any living man that the history of the +Church, from the days of the first Pope down to the iniquitous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> reign of +Pius IX., sustains Mr. Wesley in his views on this subject, and +justifies the steps taken by the American party. Notwithstanding the +oft-repeated profession of Catholic liberality and Romish toleration, so +triumphantly paraded by you, and other interested aspirants and +unprincipled demagogues, the Catholic Church has invariably shown +herself to be destitute of both, whenever she had the opportunity of +using them. Sir, <i>intolerance</i> is an element of her faith, and +<i>persecution</i> a specimen of her piety; and no man knows it better than +you do. In taking upon herself the obligation of "true obedience to the +Pope," the Catholic Church imposes upon herself a task that proves +beyond all doubt she cannot, under any circumstances, remain faithful to +that obligation, and yet maintain "allegiance" to such a government as +ours!</p> + +<p>Sir, I have no patience with a Protestant minister who stands forth as +the apologist of Catholicism; nor have I any confidence in one who does +it, provided he is a man of <i>intelligence</i>, as I admit you to be. The +only excuse I can render for your strange and inconsistent conduct is, +that you are in your dotage; that you are a violent old partisan; and +that you are the tool of designing demagogues, infamous disunionists, +and unmitigated repudiators. I shall not be at all surprised to hear +that you have apostatized from the Methodist Church, and gone over to +the Roman Catholics. I learn from the Little Rock Gazette, a Democratic +paper, that but the other day, Gov. E. N. Carway, of Arkansas, a member +of the Methodist Church, had actually apostatized from Methodism, and +the Protestant faith, and united with the Roman Catholics. And what +makes his defection from the faith of his fathers still more notorious, +his organ is down upon the Protestant clergy in bitter and unrelenting +denunciations! I believe that <i>you</i> are preparing to go over to the +Roman Catholics; and to justify your change, when the time comes, you +now assert, "in humiliation but in candor," you say, that the people +"have <i>ten thousand times more</i> to fear from Methodists than from +Catholics." If you believe this, you ought to leave the Methodist Church +<i>instantly</i>, even without the formalities of a withdrawal or +expulsion—even though you should be denied admittance into the Catholic +Church! I deny that we have "<i>ten thousand times more to fear</i>" from the +<i>Devil</i> than we have from the Catholics; and according to your argument, +<i>the Methodists are worse than the Devil</i>! This, their most bitter +revilers and enemies do not believe; and for obvious reasons. The +Methodist Church has no St. Bartholomew's Day, with its rivers of blood +staining her garments: she never indiscriminately slaughtered the +Albigenses, or Waldenses, or Huguenots: she never established an +infernal Inquisition: she never lit up the fires of Smithfield: never +burned the Holy Bible, and prohibited, upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> pain of eternal death, the +printing and circulating of God's word; and last, but not least, she has +not sought to keep the people in ignorance. Wherever Methodism has been +planted, the people have become great and happy. If you please, wherever +<i>Protestantism</i> has prevailed, the people have been prosperous and +happy. But look to Old Spain, Italy, the German Confederacies, Sardinia, +Naples, Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Bavaria, Baden, South America, and +Mexico, where Romanism is the established religion, and the places of +her influence are a hissing and a by-word in the eyes of the civilized +world! Protestantism has done more for the world in the last hundred +years than the Roman Catholic Church has for the <i>eighteen hundred +years</i>!</p> + +<p>Sir, the Puritans, of New England; the Hollanders, of New York; the +Quakers, Lutherans, and German Reformed, of Pennsylvania; the Baptists, +of Rhode Island; the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, of Virginia; the +Lutherans and followers of Wesley and Whitefield, of Georgia; the +Huguenots and Episcopalians, of the Carolinas; and the Seceders in +several of the States, who were the religious pioneers of these States, +were all Protestants and Know Nothings; and if they were living, they +would be ashamed of you and your teachings. They selected this +wilderness country as their home, in order that they might enjoy those +religious privileges from which they had been debarred in the old world, +by the very Church and people you are seeking to vindicate.</p> + +<p>But you will say, as you have done in substance, that this is no longer +the characteristic of Romanism. Why is it not? Has she ever changed for +the better? When did she renounce her doctrines and practices? Never! +Rome is the same tyrannical system now, where she has the power, that +she ever has been, and for ever must be. Wo to this land of ours, if +ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her creed is the same here and now, +in this respect, that it has everywhere been, and must always be. It is +her boast that she is always right, and knows no change. She practices +her unholy inquisitorial and Jesuitical doctrines in this country, as +far as she can and dare act them out. Her whole system is adverse to our +republican institutions and she hesitates not to declare it. She has +publicly burned our Bible in different States in this Union, and +recently, in New York and Pennsylvania. Archbishop Hughes, the Head of +the Catholic Church in this country, has taken an oath, administered by +the Pope of Rome, of which this is a part:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said Lord (the Pope) +or his aforesaid successors, I will, to my utmost power, +<i>persecute and wage war with</i>."</p></div> + +<p>The Church of Rome declares all who are not its members to be heretics. +It is painful, in view of all these things, to see an old Protestant +minister, whose head has been withered by the frosts of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> seventy +winters, openly in the field advocating a Church whose Bishops, Priests, +and members are "drunken with the blood of saints."</p> + +<p>There is but one remaining feature of your singular address to Know +Nothing Methodist Preachers to be replied to, and I am through. You +assail the new party on the score of its <i>secrecy</i>, and of its +<i>concealment</i> of its acts from the public. Had this objection come from +any one but a Methodist Preacher, and a known advocate of +<i>Class-meetings being held with closed doors</i>, I would now dispose of it +without occupying as much space as I shall do in my concluding remarks!</p> + +<p>Notwithstanding all the <i>secrecy</i> in the new Order of Know Nothings has +been set aside by the act of the National Council which created it; and +notwithstanding our members tell all about their Councils, where and +when they meet, and our orators read out and publish to the world our +obligations, rules, and principles, it is still objected that ours is a +secret Order, liable to be used for bad purposes; that we travel about +with dark lanterns; that our proceedings are not restrained by the +wholesome check of public opinion!</p> + +<p>Now, this, the great objection to our Order, comes from men who belong +to Lodges of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, and who have taken all the +<i>binding</i> oaths attached to the different <i>degrees</i> of these respective +Orders! The same objection is urged against the American party, by men +who belong to the Order of Sons of Temperance, who have deemed a <i>rigid +secret organization</i> necessary to combat successfully a <i>domestic</i> evil! +It is urged in bitterness against the Order, by demagogues and +partisans, who have acted for years with the <i>secret political +conclaves</i> of their respective parties, who have held their meetings +with <i>closed doors</i>—kept their <i>places</i> of meeting a profound +secret—and when they have adjourned, they have enjoined <i>secrecy</i> upon +all present! Last, but not least, this <i>secret feature</i> is urged against +the American organization by the vile apologists for the Catholic +Church, and its corrupt Priesthood and membership, in this country. +These demagogues know that the Roman Catholic Church is a <i>secret +society</i>, directed by a talented, designing, and villainous +HIERARCHY—absolutely controlled by an <i>anti</i>-Republican Priesthood, to +a degree which has never been exercised by any political party in the +known world! The <i>Confessional</i> is a secret tribunal, before which every +member of that Church is required to make known, not only <i>immoral</i> +actions, but every thought and purpose of the heart, and upon pain of +incurring the anathema of the Church, which is equivalent to a sentence +of eternal damnation! The corrupt order of <span class="smcap">Jesuits</span>, the infamous society +of <span class="smcap">San Fedesti</span>, and the infinitely infernal society of <span class="smcap">Irish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> Ribbon +Men</span>—these are all oath-bound societies of the Catholic Church, +connected directly with the horrid operations of the "<i>Holy +Inquisition</i>."</p> + +<p>Now, I put the question to any man of reason and common sense, if Roman +Catholics and their <i>patriotic Democratic</i> admirers and advocates, in +this country, are not the last men on earth who should object to the +<i>secret</i> doings of the order of Know Nothings, even if their secrecy +were kept up? Every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the +absolute control of a secret society, by considerations not only of a +<i>temporal</i>, but of an <span class="smcap">eternal weight</span>!</p> + +<p>But I am not done with these <i>Democratic</i> opposers of <span class="smcap">secrecy</span>. The +Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, sat in +the old State House in Philadelphia, <i>with closed doors, from the 25th +of May to the 17th of September</i>, wanting only eight days of four +months. That body of men had a Doorkeeper and Sergeant-at-arms, both +under oath, to keep their doors barred, and all their proceedings a +secret. So says Mr. Jefferson's biography! And such men as Washington, +Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Harrison, Hancock, Hopkins, and +others, composed that body! During the war of the Revolution, General +Washington, Generals Lee, Wayne, Marion, and others, organized a <i>secret +American Society</i>, with its branches extending from North to South, +having their <i>passwords</i>, <i>signs</i>, and <i>grips</i>, and writing to each +other in figures, and "an unknown tongue," as the Know Nothings have +been doing, and all, too, with a view to oppose Foreign intrigues and +oppressions! It is as well known as any political truth, that General +<span class="smcap">Washington</span>, at the time of his death, was the <i>President</i> of the +Cincinnati Society, a secret political society, in which, we see it +stated on unquestionable authority, no man was eligible to membership +unless he was a <i>native American</i>. The <i>Columbian Order</i>, known as the +"<i>Tammany Society</i>," was a secret political society, and highly +influential, and maintains its existence to this day, and without danger +to the liberties of the country. Gen. <span class="smcap">Sam Houston</span> publishes to the world +that himself and Gen. <span class="smcap">Jackson</span> were members of this Society. What say the +<i>anti</i>-Americans to all these facts? Do they believe that Gen. +Washington, or Jackson, would have united with any association or order +not purely American? Would either have entered into any political +league, when <i>secrecy</i> was enjoined, if he had not approved of the +principle of secrecy in political associations? Never! From the +characters of Washington and Jackson—the sacrifices they made for their +country, united with their fervid patriotism, and their known preference +for every thing <i>American</i>, I do not doubt for one moment, that if they +were both now living, they would unite with the veritable Order of Know +Nothings!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> + +<p>I believe the hand of God to be in this very movement, and as much in +the <i>secrecy</i> of it, in the outset, as in any other feature. I regard +the movement as one growing out of a great crisis in the affairs of our +country, and a precursor of a sound, healthful, and vigorous +nationality, and which will ultimately prevent the liberties of this +country from being destroyed, by the machinations of such demagogues and +factionists as now seek to <i>excuse</i> Romanism, and fellowship Foreign +Pauperism. Secret societies are only dangerous to despots and tyrants, +and history shows that these above all others have made war upon them. +They have denounced and proscribed Masonry in every quarter of the +globe, where they have had the power. The Pope, with the aid of his +Cardinals, has crushed the ancient order of Free Masons in his +dominions. There is not a Masonic Lodge in Italy. In our own country, +not a single Catholic is to be found associated with the order of Free +Masons; and why? Masonry is founded upon the Bible, and requires the +reading of the Protestant Bible in all its Lodges, and this don't suit +Romanism. We state these general and historical facts, without knowing +any thing of our own knowledge of Masonry.</p> + +<p>In the young and growing city of Knoxville, it is within our own +knowledge, that many of the Irish Catholics attached themselves to the +Order of the Sons of Temperance, with a view, as they said, of throwing +around them the wholesome restraints of the Order. On the first visit of +a priest to the city, commonly called "Father Brown," these Irish +Catholics began to drop off one by one, until not one of them is now in +the Order, and most of those who were, are daily seen drunk in our +streets. Indeed, some of them in withdrawing had the candor to +acknowledge that the priest required them to do so! And why? Because, in +all the Divisions of the Sons of Temperance here, we have the Protestant +Scriptures read, and have Protestant prayers offered up. This don't suit +the Church of Rome!</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">I have the honor to be, very truly and frankly,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow.</span></span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> +<h2>TO THE RIGHT REVEREND AARON V. BROWN, M. S.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:—I have received by mail a pamphlet copy of your "Letter to the +Bishops, Elders, and <i>other</i> Ministers, Itinerant and <i>Local</i>, of the +Methodist Episcopal Church South," covering twenty-eight octavo pages. I +thank you for a copy of your <i>Pastoral</i> address; and I am happy to be +able to <i>infer</i> from its teachings that you have made a profession of +religion, before taking upon yourself "Holy Orders." I suppose the +<i>time</i> of your conversion, you date back to the memorable period when +you "saw sights" on Mount Pisgah, and had conferred on you the degree of +<i>Modern Seer</i>, and entered upon the duties of "High Priest" of +Democracy! As I am one of the parties addressed, and the customs of the +Church and the country require a response to so grave a document, I have +felt it incumbent upon me to perform the task. I may style this the +<i>Last</i> epistle of Aaron, the Priest, and illustrious Chief of Foreign +Catholic Sag Nicht Locofocoism!</p> + +<p>My first impulses were, upon reading your address, to call for your +<i>credentials</i>, and to examine into your <i>authority</i> for assuming to +dictate to the entire Ministry of the Southern portion of the Methodist +Church. You must either enter the Ecclesiastical ring under the +<i>imposition of the hands</i> of <span class="smcap">Bishop Soule</span> or <i>Andy Johnson</i>. If <span class="smcap">Bishop +Soule</span> ordained you for the Ministry, and set you apart as the +Lieutenant-General of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the +presumption is that he examined you on doctrinal points, and upon all +questions affecting the government of the Church, as was his duty, and +is our custom, and that he found you orthodox! It follows, as a matter +of course, that you renounced your heresy you advocated in the Hartford +Convention, held at Nashville, and that you obtained forgiveness for +that and numerous other "sins of omission and commission"—aye, for the +whole catalogue of your inward and outward iniquities, which so +<i>eminently</i> disqualified you for the work of the Ministry! But if <i>Andy +Johnson</i> ordained you for the work, of which there is no sort of doubt, +the Church South, through me, protests against your authority, and +utterly refuses to submit to your teachings. Our Church does not agree +with Johnson on the "White Basis" issue, or the great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> question of +slavery; and in proof of this, I cite to the fact of her separation from +the North, in 1844, upon this very question. She has within her bounds +of communion, rich men and poor, educated and uneducated, and is +unwilling to unite with him in arraying the poor against the rich, or +the unlearned against the learned. Nor does our Church believe that +Jesus Christ was a Locofoco, as Johnson asserts in his Inaugural, and +held that Christianity and Democracy, in converging lines, led to the +foot of Jacob's Ladder, and thence to heaven, <i>via</i> Mount Pisgah, from +whose lofty summit you first beheld the promised land!</p> + +<p>It therefore follows, that, in presenting yourself as a spiritual leader +in the Church, called to the work, as you have been, by <i>Andy Johnson</i>, +your case is fully met by a quotation from Job:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present +themselves before the Lord, and <i>Satan</i> came also among them."</p></div> + +<p>A second passage, from the Book of Jeremiah, meets your case, and leaves +no doubt that the inspired Prophet had you in his eye:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceedingly proud,) +his loftiness, and his <i>arrogance</i>, and his pride, and his +haughtiness of heart.</p> + +<p>"I know his wrath, saith the Lord; but it shall not be so; his +<i>lies</i> shall not so effect it."</p></div> + +<p>To be candid with you, Gov. Brown, I regard your address, under all the +circumstances, as a display of the most brazen-faced assurance and the +most unmitigated impudence I ever met with in my life! I have known for +years that you were capable of great presumption, but in this insolent +and dictatorial address you surpass <i>yourself</i>—you positively out-Herod +Herod! In the whole history of the country, and of parties, I venture +the assertion, that a parallel piece of impudence, and downright +bold-faced assurance, cannot be pointed to, as the act of any partisan. +It is really past all belief, if I had not your production before me. +But more of this hereafter.</p> + +<p>Copies of your pamphlet were distributed through the aisles and seats of +the Annual Conference room in Nashville, and have been sent all over the +South, to members of other Conferences. Your <i>proof-sheet</i> was seen ten +days before the meeting of the Middle Tennessee Conference, and your +"work of faith and labor of love" was ready for distribution when the +Conference first convened, but you held it back till the Conference was +ready to adjourn, and to a period so late, that a reply, if one had been +deemed necessary, could not be made. This was <i>cowardly</i>, and in keeping +with your political tactics and code of morals. In saying that this was +in keeping with your code of morals, I allude to the <i>Woodberry +affair</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p> + +<p>I shall now take up your address, Governor, and wade through its +twenty-eight pages of double-distilled Sag Nichtism, sublimated +impudence, and concealed advocacy of <i>Romanism</i>, mixed up with +contradictions, false assertions, and glaring absurdities, as it is, +from beginning to end. In the opening paragraph, you predicate your +right to instruct the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the +entire Church, South, upon the real or assumed fact, that you are "The +son of a now sainted father, who for forty years ministered at your +altars, the co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers, who, +under Asbury and Coke, founded your Church in America!"</p> + +<p>Alas, that any "sainted Father" should be represented by so degenerate a +son—an irreligious son—not a member of any Church—but having the +hardihood, in the face of those who know the facts, to disguise himself +in the priestly robes of a "sainted Father"—like an ass in a lion's +skin, to <i>bray out</i> against better men than himself, or, like a wolf in +sheep's clothing, to <i>steal into the fold</i>, where that Father was +accustomed to minister in holy things, and with soft and honeyed words, +and hypocritical teachings, and Satan-like misrepresentations, seek whom +he may devour! You tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," that +you really "approve" their "creed," and, what is still more +soul-cheering, you have "witnessed their growth and progress for years, +with the highest satisfaction." This is very <i>condescending</i> in the "son +of a now sainted father!" It is quite flattering! But these "Bishops, +Elders, and other Ministers," would receive all this with a greater +degree of allowance, if they did not believe that your generous +patronage, so lavishly bestowed upon them and their "creed," was +prompted by a principle of which <i>selfishness</i> is the soul! They +believe, and so express themselves in conversation, that your forced +smile of approbation, your reluctant eulogy, have both been wrung from +you, because you are a sycophantic partisan suitor for patronage, in the +way of votes for your party. These Clergymen whom you address, think it +a great pity that the "son of a now sainted father" should exhibit so +much "satisfaction" at witnessing their prosperity, in <i>theory</i>, and +manifest not one particle in <i>practice</i>. They think that you would be in +your proper place, to be found among the <i>mourners</i>, instead of the +<i>teachers</i> in their Church; and that it is high time, considering your +age in life, and the extent of your iniquities, that you should be found +upon your knees, in an altar full of fresh straw, at an old-fashioned +Camp-Meeting, asking the pious to pray for you, and God, for the sake of +the forty years labors of "a now sainted father," to have mercy upon +you, and save your sinful old soul from that death that never dies.</p> + +<p>Why, Sir, the Devil himself would blush to perpetrate such an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> act of +arrogance as you have done, in thus volunteering your advice to the +"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church. An old +political party hack, who is not now, and never was, a member of any +Church—an intriguing old sinner, who never even attends Church, and +who, in this respect, shows that he neither fears God, respects the +Christian Sabbath, nor "approves the creed" of any orthodox +denomination, to be lecturing a numerous body of Clergymen, as to what +they ought or ought not to do, it is the culmination of all that is +called effrontery! The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the +Methodist Church, wish the <i>evidence</i> of your conversion to God, before +they consent to obey you, as "having the rule over them." Your approval +of their "creed," and the "satisfaction" with which you have witnessed +their progress, is not sufficient to satisfy their doubting minds, as +long as you continue to ride into Nashville on Sabbath, and retail +political slang at the <span class="smcap">Inn</span>, or read Sag Nicht papers at the <i>Union +Office</i>, to the neglect of the house of God, and the evil example set +before young men, against the statute in such cases made and provided! +We must, as Ministers, hear you relate your experience, in a regular +class-meeting. Nay, more, knowing your <i>raising</i>, and your ability to +"deceive, even the very elect," we must see you down upon your +marrow-bones, surrounded by noisy and zealous officials, pounding you on +the back, and exclaiming, as in the days of your "sainted father," <i>Pray +on, Aaron</i>! We must hear you <i>groan</i>—we must see your sinful old bosom +<i>heave</i>—we must witness the falling of <i>big tears</i>, as you publicly +confess and manfully repent of your misdeeds—of the whole catalogue, of +all the inward and outward iniquities of your past life—your sins of +omission and commission, which God knows are more numerous than the +hairs upon your old sinful head! I say we must see all this, and even +more, before we can have faith in your teachings, as big as even a grain +of mustard seed!</p> + +<p>But you are the "son of a now sainted father"—you derive great +"satisfaction" from the "growth and progress" of Methodism—you +"approve" the Methodist "creed"—and hence, a glorious future awaits the +Methodist Church: <i>provided</i> always, that her "Bishops, Elders, and +other Ministers" hearken to and obey your teachings, a thing they are +very certain not to do, in the matter under consideration. It is a +melancholy fact, that many of the sons of Methodist, and other +Ministers, are very wicked and unpromising men; and it is equally true, +and certainly notorious, that where they turn out to be sinners, they +are sinners above all offenders, dwelling either at Jerusalem or +elsewhere! I have no hesitancy in pronouncing you as <i>hard a case</i>, in a +moral point of view, as ever came before the Church, and the only +appropriate reply her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> ecclesiastical dignitaries can make to your +address, is to appoint a day of fasting and prayer to God, for your +conversion, to be observed throughout her borders. I now, as the +appointed organ of the Church, set apart the first day of January, 1856, +and I pray you, as one desiring the salvation of your soul, to be in the +spirit and in a proper frame of mind on that day! Humble yourself before +God—tell him that you were in error in stealing the livery of Heaven to +serve the Devil in! Tell him that you are an old worn-out political +hack—that you have grown gray in the service of sin—that during the +whole of a somewhat eventful life, your labors have been in the dirtiest +pools of party politics—that you have been insincere and unscrupulous +in all your teachings and acts—that you stand before the people of +Tennessee publicly branded by <i>eight</i> respectable and reliable citizens +of Wilson county, as a <i>falsifier</i> in the Know Nothing controversy of +the past summer—and that you are sorry for having come forth steeped to +the nose and chin in political profligacy, to lecture grave Clergymen +upon subjects you ought to set at their feet and learn lessons about! +Tell your God, what he doubtless knows, that though the "son of a now +sainted father," you are as full of devils as ever Mary Magdalene +was—that like the "Imps of Sin," in Milton, these "yelp all around" +you—that this is no reflection upon a "now sainted father," whose +seeming neglect of your early training grew out of his continual absence +from home, as is the case with most Methodist Preachers,—aye, tell your +God, that once out of this scrape, you will never be caught in another +of the kind! You say,</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"From the foundation of our government, it has been a conceded +and settled doctrine, that the various religious denominations +should not, as such, intermeddle with the political contests of +the day. No instance is now remembered where they have done +so!"</p></div> + +<p>This is a remarkable sentence, and partakes of the nature of your Wilson +county assertions! The history of the Church, and of the world, +contradicts every word of the foregoing, and demonstrates that the +"settled doctrine" of the Catholic Church, has ever been, as it still +is, to "intermeddle with the political contests of the day." I will +trouble you with two instances in which "religious denominations, as +such," have been guilty of what you deny. The Albany (N. Y.) State +Register, a paper which usually does not say what it cannot maintain, +states that <span class="smcap">Archbishop Hughes</span> has issued a mandate, <i>commanding</i> all +Catholics in the Albany District, in the exciting State election now +coming off, to cast their votes for Mr. Crosby for the Senate. But Roman +Catholics, you falsely tell us, never "intermeddle with the political +contests of the day:" O no!</p> + +<p>The other "instance now remembered," is the one in which you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> were a +candidate for a seat in the Legislature of Tennessee, in the county of +Giles: this was, according to my recollection, in 1831, or a quarter of +a century ago. At that time, there was a small Manual Labor School in +Giles, which had been incorporated by the Legislature, and at the head +of which was a <i>Presbyterian</i>. The gentleman who ran against you, if not +a member of the Presbyterian Church, "approved" their "creed," and +"witnessed their growth and progress for years with the highest +satisfaction." <i>You</i> charged upon the stump that the Presbyterians were +seeking to establish their religion by law, to unite Church and +State—appealed to the Methodist and Baptist to put them down by +electing you, with a promise that you would check their march by +counter-legislation—and you were elected upon this issue. At the same +time, as the oldest inhabitants of Giles know, there were not fifty +Presbyterians in the county! But "no instance is remembered" in which +one sect has intermeddled with another—O no! You say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In the mutations of parties in this country, a new one has +lately arisen, to which, I apprehend, more of the Methodist +ministers have attached themselves, at least in the State of +Tennessee, than might have been expected. This party, known as +the Know Nothings, is so <i>peculiar</i> in its organization, that +it seems strange to me that any minister or professor of +religion should be willing longer to continue in it."</p></div> + +<p>Your apprehensions are well-founded, when you suppose that a very large +proportion of the Methodist ministers in Tennessee are either members of +this new party or sympathize with it. And, sir, more of the ministers of +other denominations than you seem to be aware of, have either attached +themselves to this party, "in the mutations of parties," or act with it, +and endorse its aims and objects, than you have yet dreamed of! And "it +seems strange" to these ministers, and thousands of the purest and best +laymen in the Protestant ranks, "that any minister or professor of +religion should be willing longer" to oppose the principles of this +party, or array themselves under the black flag of Papal Rome, and of +the pauper emigrants with whom she is flooding our land! But, sir, the +object of your Address is, to persuade if you can, and if not, <i>to +drive</i>, by motives of fear, the Clergy of the Methodist Church from +their position on this great American and Protestant question. Alas, how +little does the "son of a sainted father" understand the material he +attempts to work upon! Methodist ministers are free men, the equals of +other moral and upright men in heroic virtues, and far in advance of +that of politicians in Tennessee who believe parties in religion, as in +politics, are only "held together by the cohesive power of public +plunder," and who assume to direct public opinion from a principle, of +which <i>selfishness</i> is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end! +Sir, the violence, bitterness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> and the very inflammatory tone, not to +say language, of your Gallatin, Lebanon, and Columbia speeches, are +enough, it seems to me, to <i>nauseate</i> every good and conservative +citizen, and to disgust every "Bishop, Elder, and other Ministers, +Itinerant and Local, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South." Even in +this Address, you insult these ministers on every page. I see not how +any preacher, with a true Protestant and American heart in him, can read +this address of yours through, without rising up from his seat and +saying: "I have voted with this Anti-Protestant and Anti-American party +for the last time."</p> + +<p>In warning Methodist ministers to withdraw their sanction and +approbation of Know Nothingism, you say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I therefore call upon them this day to come out of these +lodges, and never return to them: at all events, never return +to them until all <i>secrecy</i>, all their bits of red paper, +(indicating <i>blood</i>, even by the selection of color,) all their +signs and signals, are utterly abolished and dispensed with. I +call upon them to do this, and to do it forthwith—by their +hopes of heaven—by their obedience to the word of God—by +their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their +country—to come out from any party which has adopted a mode +and plan of organization so fatal to the peace of society, and +the progress of true religion."</p></div> + +<p>What egotism! <i>You</i> call upon them! You make a freer use of the personal +pronoun <i>I</i>, than even old Parson Longstreet, the Know Nothing slayer of +Mississippi. To parse your different sentences syntactically, nothing +else is necessary but to understand the first person singular, and to +repeat the rule. Not only your verbiage but your sentiment is thus +egotistic throughout!</p> + +<p>Your appeal to the ministers to come out of this organization, on the +ground of its <i>secrecy</i>, is a species of demagoguism, the more +disgusting when it is considered that you are a <i>Free Mason</i>, and have, +by all the arts and blandishment of your nature, sought to induce +ministers to go into that organization. But, then, there is no violation +of law or the Constitution in <i>Masonry</i>—"fatal to the peace of society +and to the progress of true religion"—no, nothing! Understand me: I am +not opposed to Masonry.</p> + +<p>On this subject of the Romish creed, which you excuse, and even +<i>advocate</i>, you admit that there are "<i>alleged</i> abuses," which have +prompted the Protestant Churches to unite themselves with this new +Order! Then you insultingly tell these Churches this tale:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"But they ought to have remembered, that even a virtuous +indignation can never justify <i>proscription and persecution</i>: +these bring no remedy to the real or supposed evils, but are +sure to increase and aggravate them. These errors in faith, and +abominations in practice, if they really exist, were known to +the Wesleys, and Cokes, and Asburys, who founded your Church: +to the Lees, the Bruces, the Capers, the Logan Douglasses, the +Summerfields, and the Bascoms, who subsequently extended and +adorned it. But they never proposed to kindle, in this +enlightened age of Christianity, the consuming fires of +<span class="smcap">religious persecution</span>."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> + +<p>Now, sir, every distinguished "founder" of the Methodist Church you have +named, from <span class="smcap">Wesley</span> to <span class="smcap">Bascom</span>, has written and preached against the +"errors in faith, and abominations in practice," of the Romish Church, +and they each and all have taken this very ground upon the religious +issues. I have heard <i>three</i> of these men preach, and I am familiar with +the writings of the rest, and know whereof I speak.</p> + +<p>You <i>intentionally</i> deceive and misrepresent the American party, when +you charge that they seek to proscribe one class of our citizens—that +they desire to interfere with the rights of conscience—and to say <i>how</i> +men should worship God. Why don't you inform your readers that +Archbishop Hughes, and other Catholic Bishops, were the first to +introduce religion into political discussion in this country? This would +not suit your purposes—it suits your objects, taste, and inclination +better, to slander the American party by wholesale, and to charge upon +its members the atrocities committed by your foreign and pauper allies. +We only choose to vote against them, and to vote for American-born +citizens and Protestants: which is as much our <i>right</i>, as it is the +right of these foreign Catholics to vote against and proscribe American +Protestants. For this, you and your villainous associates exhaust the +whole vocabulary of Billingsgate upon the American party. What is their +offence? Why, they simply place certain questions before persons +desiring to act with them, which they think, at least, may affect the +national welfare, and before the people of the Union, and ask their +opinion of these questions at the ballot-box. The American party has +always denied, and I again reiterate the denial, that we do, at all +proscribe, or in any way interfere with, any class of our foreign +citizens, save that we propose to send <i>convicts</i> from European prisons +back to their own native and infamous dens, as fast as they land +here—but these are not <i>citizens</i> of ours. I appeal to our Platform, +and our Book of Constitutions, and I offer to any man a handsome +reward—any man who will produce in either a statement containing the +proscription you falsely charge against us. I now say, Gov. Brown, +either do this, or cease your empty vaporing against the <i>proscriptive</i> +features of our system, as you are pleased to style it. You declaim most +lustily in favor of religious liberty for Catholics, which you know we +do not propose as a party to interfere with; and this you plead for at +the altar of Methodist "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," who know +there is no religious liberty for Protestants where Catholics have the +power to prevent it! You plead in the most plaintive tones for the +rights of foreign Catholics to be sworn into good citizens in less than +<i>one year</i> after they land here, but do not seem to remember the +American Protestant wives and children, who have to subsist on charity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> +during our severe winters, in consequence of their husbands and fathers +being elbowed out of employment by the competition of foreign pauper +laborers!</p> + +<p>Sir, the American party, if in power, would put a stop to that +proscription from office that has always characterized the party with +which you act, and which has made the present Administration so very and +so justly odious to the country. Proscription, indeed! Was there ever +such <i>glaring</i> and <i>actual</i> proscription for the sake of religious and +political creeds committed as by the present Administration? The +infamous Sag Nicht party with which you act, and of which you are a +leader and a High Priest, though the "son of a now sainted father," has +applied the political guillotine to almost every man in office who has +dared to differ with them in their high estimate of foreign paupers and +Catholic vagabonds, in many instances turning out native-born +Protestants, and filling their places with foreign Catholics. And yet, +with a degree of effrontery that throws the Devil far into the shade, +you turn round and charge the American party with proscription, and ask +the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church, "by +their hopes of heaven—by their obedience to the word of God—and by +their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their country," to come +out from a party so proscriptive! Why, sir, you out-Herod old Herod +himself! Your teachings contrasted with your practice, would cause a +crimsoned negative to settle on the cheeks of old Pilate! And still you +are the "son of a now sainted father"—you "approve" the "creed" of +Methodism, and have "witnessed its growth and prosperity for years, with +the highest satisfaction!"</p> + +<p>You quote from the Declaration of Independence, to show that toleration +should be extended to Catholics and foreigners, and then insultingly +add, as if you supposed no Methodist minister had ever perused the +writings of Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"These are the words of Mr. Jefferson, but the immortal +sentiment springs directly from the word of the living and true +God. No: persecution at the stake, or by exclusion of Catholics +from office, is not the weapon to be wielded by the Protestant +Churches."</p></div> + +<p><i>You</i> know that the notes of warning given to his countrymen by the sage +of Monticello, and the great APOSTLE of American Democracy, are in +harmony with the doctrines of the Know Nothing party. But you choose to +conceal this fact from the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the +Methodist Church, in the vain hope that their numerous pressing and +official engagements will not allow them time to look up the documents. +In Mr. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, written in 1781, and published in +1794, pages 124-5, I find the following <i>Know Nothing doctrine</i>:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"But are there no inconveniences to be thrown into the scale +against the advantage expected from a multiplication of numbers +by the importation of foreigners? It is for the happiness of +those united in society to harmonize, as much as possible, in +matters which they must of necessity transact together. Civil +government being the sole object of forming societies, its +administration must be conducted by common consent. Every +species of government has specific principles. Ours, perhaps, +are more peculiar than those of any other in the universe. It +is a composition of the freest principles of the English +constitution, with others derived from natural right and +natural reason. To these nothing can be more opposed than the +maxims of absolute monarchs. Yet <i>from such we are to expect +the greatest number of immigrants</i>. They will bring with them +the <i>principles of the government they leave, imbibed in early +youth</i>: or, if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange +for an <i>unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from +one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop +precisely at the point of temperate liberty</i>. These principles, +with their language, they will transmit to their children. In +proportion with their numbers, they will share with us the +legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and +bias its directions, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent, +distracted mass. <i>I may appeal to experience during the present +contest for a verification of these conjectures.</i> But if they +be not certain in event, are they not possible? are they not +probable? Is it not safer to wait with patience twenty-seven +years and three months longer for the attainment of every +degree of population desired or expected? May not our +government be more homogeneous, more peaceable, more durable?"</p></div> + +<p>Again, Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>, whilst our Minister to the Court of St. Cloud, +addressed a letter to <span class="smcap">John Jay</span>, dated November 14, 1788, in which he +uses this language:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"With respect to the <i>Consular</i> appointments, it is a duty on +me to add some observations, which my situation here has +enabled me to make. I think it was in the spring of 1784, that +Congress (harassed by multiplied applications from foreigners, +of whom nothing was known but on their information, or on that +of others as unknown as themselves) came to the resolution that +the interest of America would not permit the naming of any +person, not a citizen, to the office of Consul, or Agent, or +Commissary. <i>Native citizens, on several valuable accounts, are +preferable to aliens, or citizens alien-born.</i> Native citizens +possess our language, know our laws, customs and commerce, have +general acquaintance in the United States, give better +satisfaction, <i>and are more to be relied on in a point of +fidelity</i>. To avail ourselves of our native citizens, it +appears to me advisable to <i>declare, by standing law</i>, that no +person but a native citizen shall be capable of the office of +Consul. This was the rule of 1784, restraining the office of +Consul to native citizens."</p></div> + +<p>In 1797, Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span> drafted a petition to the Legislature of +Virginia, on behalf of the citizens of Amherst, Albemarle, Fluvana, and +Gouchland Bounties, in which he uses the following language:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Your petitioners further submit to the two Houses of Assembly, +whether the safety of the citizens of this Commonwealth, in +their persons, their property, their laws and government, does +not require that the capacity to act in the important office of +<i>Juror, Grand or Petty, civil or criminal</i>, should not be +restrained in future to native citizens, or such as were +citizens at the date of the Treaty of Peace which closed our +revolutionary war; and whether ignorance of our laws, and +natural partiality to the countries of their birth, are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> not +reasonable causes for declaring this to be one of their rights +incommunicable in future to adopted citizens."—<i>Jefferson's +Writings, Vol. IX., page 453.</i></p></div> + +<p>Now, Sir, answer me in candor, are you not ashamed of having quoted Mr. +<span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>, and of having so basely misrepresented his position on this +great American question? Did not Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span> propose to carry his +opposition to foreigners much farther than the American party now do?</p> + +<p>But, you vile old demagogue, though "son of a now sainted father," I am +determined you shall not escape the indignant powers of those "Bishops, +Elders, and other Ministers," whom you have wickedly sought to deceive. +It is known to you, and to the world, in what veneration all American +Democrats hold the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and '99, and the fame of +Mr. <span class="smcap">Madison</span>, who was the ruling spirit of that session of the +Legislature. That Legislature passed the following Resolution, which you +may find by consulting Henning's Statutes at Large, Vol. 2, New Series, +page 194:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"That the General Assembly, nevertheless, concurring in opinion +with the Legislature of Massachusetts that every Constitutional +barrier should be opposed to the introduction of foreign +influence into our National Councils,—<i>Resolved</i>, That the +Constitution ought to be so amended that <i>no foreigner, who +shall have acquired the right, under our Constitution and laws, +at the time of making the amendment, shall hereafter be +eligible to the office of Senator or Representative</i>, in +Congress of the United States, nor to <i>any office in the +Judiciary or Executive</i>. Agreed to by the Senate, Jan. 16, +1799."</p></div> + +<p>I shall next consider two extracts from your Address, under one general +head, relating to the <i>temporal</i> power of the Pope. You say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"But the genius of sophistry may fly to the rescue of +Know-Nothingism, by pretending that it is not on account of +<i>his religion</i> that the Catholic is to be excluded from office, +but because he is subjected, not merely to the spiritual but +the <i>temporal dominion</i> or jurisdiction of the Pope. No error +has been wider spread than this."</p></div> + +<p>Again:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A late distinguished Senator from Georgia, (Mr. Berrien,) in a +recent address to the public, has copied a letter of Mr. +Wesley, which may require a few observations. That letter was +dated in January, 1780. All its conclusions were founded on the +<span class="smcap">assumed and popular opinion</span> of that day, that the Pope <i>did</i> +claim a civil jurisdiction beyond his own dominions—that he +<i>could</i> absolve the subjects of other governments from their +oaths of allegiance, and <i>that there was</i> a principle in one of +the tenets of that Church, that Catholics were justified in not +keeping faith with heretics. Against these <span class="smcap">assumed and popular +opinions</span>, the Catholics of England in that day, as they now do +in this country, were solemnly protesting."</p></div> + +<p>This is a modest way of giving Mr. Wesley the <i>lie</i>, but it is +nevertheless quite <i>direct</i>, and is the more surprising, as it comes +from the "son of a now sainted father," who was a follower of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> Wesley, a +"co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers" he was +instrumental in starting out into the world—aye, the son of a "father +who, for forty years, ministered at the altars" this same Wesley +erected! In holding up John Wesley as the <i>vile calumniator</i> of the +Catholic Church in England, it is well enough, Governor, to be modest +about it, and cautious in the selection of your words, as you are +addressing a class of men who believe in John Wesley, as a faithful man +of God, and one incapable of misrepresenting the Catholics of England, +the Pope of Rome, or any other sect or individual! John Wesley +ministered at the sacred altars of religion for more than sixty years; +he had with him the power of God, and the witness that he pleased Him; +and the last words he uttered, with his hands clasped, and his eyes +raised toward heaven, were these: "<i>The best of all is, God is with +us!</i>" And yet the sons and grandsons in the gospel, of this venerated +and sainted man of God, are insulted in Tennessee, by being told by an +<i>impertinent old sinner</i>, and a <i>vile old party hack</i>, that he was A +LIAR, while living, and the <i>slanderer of the Catholic Church</i>, now that +he is no more! If Mr. Wesley "<i>assumed</i>" falsehoods in reference to the +Romish Church in England, he either did it in <i>ignorance</i>, or with <i>a +guilty knowledge</i> of the fact. He was a man of too much learning and +information for his friends to get him out of such an indictment under a +plea of ignorance. He is therefore, though dead, <span class="smcap">a wilful liar</span>, +according to "Ex-Gov. A. V. Brown," for the Governor goes on to argue +the cause against him, and, on page 19 of his address, quotes <i>Catholic</i> +authority to <i>prove</i> him a liar! Shame on the "son of a now sainted +father," and on the <i>holy seer of Pisgah</i>! O! Aaron, thou priest of +corrupt Democracy, you need not endeavor to gull "bishops, elders, and +other ministers," with your <i>whining cant</i>, while you thus traduce their +great spiritual head, who, under God, taught them the lessons of +salvation!</p> + +<p>Gov. Brown, go with me, as one of the admirers of John Wesley, to the +humble dwellings of the miners of Cornwall, to the homely tents of the +colliers of Kingswood and Newcastle, and to the equally humble workshops +of the manufacturers of Yorkshire, in England, who are rejoicing in God +their Saviour that a Wesley was ever born into the world, and ask them +if they believe him capable of slandering the Catholics! Go with me +among the backwoodsmen of North America, and examine them in their lone +tents—go among the honest and virtuous settlers on our Western +frontiers, amid the interminable forests of the far off West, whose +thousands are brought into the fold of Christ, through the +instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, and ask them if they think the +founder of their Church was <i>a wilful liar</i>!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p> + +<p>Go with me to the rich pastures and luxuriant harvest-fields of your own +native Middle Tennessee: enter the neat cottages and stately mansions of +that glorious division of our State, and ask the intelligent and +educated females, who are rejoicing in God, in hope of future and +eternal life, through the prayers and sermons of Wesleyan ministers, as +instruments in the hands of God, if they believe the founder of their +Church was <i>a wicked calumniator</i>! Go to the islands of the sea, to the +burning sands of Africa, and ask the benighted converts from heathenism, +through the instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, if they believe the +venerable founder of their Church was a man of truth!</p> + +<p>Enter the dwellings of the rich and fashionable planters of the +South—ride around their sugar and cotton plantations, among the sable +sons and daughters of Africa, and witness the blessed fruits of the +pious life, Christian integrity, and triumphant death of John Wesley! +Come over to East Tennessee, Governor, and enter the log-cabins of the +virtuous, happy peasantry of the "hill country," and ask them whether +they believe Mr. Wesley or your Catholic authorities, touching the +temporal power of the Pope of Rome!</p> + +<p>Alas! Gov. Brown, the Reformation dawned with <span class="smcap">Luther</span> in Germany, but the +sun of its glory rose with Methodism in England; the first streaks of +<i>Protestant</i> light were seen on the horizon of the sixteenth century, +but the meridian sun of the Reformation dawned in all his brightness on +the Wesleys and Whitefield! But America has been the land of the glory +and triumph of the doctrines of the man you labor to convict of the +awful sin of lying!</p> + +<p>But you deny that the Pope of Rome, in <i>temporal</i> matters, claims what +Mr. Wesley attributed to him in the letter copied by Senator Berrien. +You also deny that the Popes claim and have exercised the right to +interfere with matters of government, and the right to absolve their +followers in other countries, and under other governments, from their +allegiance to such rulers and governments. I will proceed to vindicate +Mr. Wesley, and, by the proof, saddle the lie on you! Whilst John was +King of England, he had the "Magna Charta," the great charter securing, +among other things, the right of trial by jury, wrung from him at the +point of the bayonet. This great charter was annulled by Pope Innocent. +Here is the proof:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"While the king was employed in the siege of Rochester, he +received the pleasing intelligence, that according to his +request the charter had been annulled by the pontiff. Innocent, +enumerating the grounds of his judgment, insists strongly on +the violence employed by the barons. If they really felt +themselves aggrieved, they ought, he observes, to have accepted +the offer of redress by due course of law. They had preferred, +however, to break the oath of fealty, which they had taken, and +had appointed themselves judges to sit upon their lord. They +knew, moreover, that John had enrolled himself<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> among the +crusaders; and yet they had not scrupled to violate the +privileges which all Christian nations had granted to the +champions of the cross. Lastly, England was become the fief of +the holy see; and they could not be ignorant that if the king +had the will, he had not at least the power, to give away the +rights of the crown, without the consent of his feudal +superior. He was therefore bound to annul the concessions which +had been extorted from John, as having been obtained in +contempt of the holy see, to the degradation of royalty, the +disgrace of the nation, and to the impediment of the crusade. +At the same time he wrote to the barons, re-stating his +reasons, exhorting them to submit, requesting them to lay their +claims before him in the council to be held at Rome; and +promising that he would induce the king to consent to whatever +might be deemed just or reasonable, to take care that all +grievances should be abolished, that the crown should be +content with its just rights, and the clergy and people should +enjoy their ancient liberties."—<i>Lingard's History of +England</i>, vol. ii., page 71.</p></div> + +<p>Will it be said that this was not interfering with <i>temporal</i> matters? +Will it be said that the right of trial by jury was a <i>spiritual</i> +matter? Will it be said that the tyranny of King John, and his +oppressions, of which the barons justly complained, were <i>spiritual</i> +matters? No sensible advocate of Romanism will say this!</p> + +<p>The next instance of an interference by the Pope in temporal affairs, to +which I shall call your attention, Governor, is his excommunication of +Elizabeth, Queen of England. She was immediately preceded on that throne +by her sister Mary, who was a Catholic. For no other reason than that +Elizabeth was a <i>Protestant</i>, and would not submit her rights and +kingdom to the control of the Pope, Pius V. thundered forth at her +devoted head the following anathema, from his throne at the Vatican, +situated at the foot of one of the seven hills upon which Rome is built:</p> + +<h4>EXCOMMUNICATION AND DEPOSITION Of QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND.</h4> +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"Pius, etc., for a future memorial of the matter. He that +reigneth on high, to whom is given all power in heaven and on +earth, committed one Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, <i>out +of which there is no salvation</i>, to one alone upon the earth, +Peter the Prince of the Apostles, and to Peter's successor, the +Bishop of Rome, to be governed in <i>fulness of power</i>. Him alone +he made prince over all people, and all kingdoms, to pluck up, +destroy, scatter, consume, plant and build, etc. But the number +of the ungodly hath gotten such power, that there is now no +place left in the whole world which they have not essayed to +corrupt with their most wicked doctrines. Amongst others, +Elizabeth, <i>the pretended Queen of England, a slave of +wickedness</i>, lending thereunto her helping hand, with whom, as +in a sanctuary, the most pernicious of all men have found a +refuge; this very woman having seized upon the kingdom, and +monstrously usurping the place of the supreme Head of the +Church in all England, and the chief authority and jurisdiction +thereof, hath again brought back the same kingdom to miserable +destruction, which was then newly reduced to the faith, and to +good order. For having by strong hand inhibited the true +religion, which Mary, the lawful queen, of famous memory, had, +by the help of this See, restored, after it had been formerly +overthrown by King Henry VIII., a revolter therefrom, and +following and embracing the errors of <i>heretics</i>, she hath +removed the royal council, consisting of the English nobility, +and filled it with obscure men, being heretics; hath oppressed +the embracers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> of the Roman faith, hath placed impious +preachers, ministers of iniquity, and abolished the sacrifice +of the mass, prayers, fastings, distinction of meats, a single +life, and the rites and ceremonies; hath commanded books to be +read in the whole realm, containing manifest heresy, etc. She +hath not only contemned the godly requests and admonitions of +princes concerning her healing and conversion, but also bath +not so much as permitted the Nuncios of the See to cross the +seas into England, etc. We do, therefore, out of the fulness of +our apostolic power, declare the aforesaid Elizabeth, being +heretic, and a favorer of heretics, and her adherents in the +matter aforesaid, to have incurred the sentence of anathema, +and to be cut off from the unity of the body of Christ. And, +moreover, we do declare her to be deprived of her pretended +title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of all dominion, dignity, +and privilege whatsoever; and also the nobility, subjects, and +people of the said kingdom, and all others which have in any +sort sworn unto her, to be for ever absolved from any such +oath, and all manner of duty or dominion, allegiance and +obedience; as we also do, by the authority of these presents, +absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth of her +pretended title to the kingdom, and all other things aforesaid. +And we do command and interdict all and every one of the +noblemen, subjects, people, and others aforesaid, that they +presume not to obey her, or her admonitions, mandates, and +laws; and those who shall do the contrary, we do innodate with +the like sentence of ANATHEMA.</p> + +<p>"Given at St. Peter's at Rome, in the year 1569, and the fifth +of our pontificate."—<i>Dowling's History of Romanism</i>, p. 564.</p></div> + +<p>One more: Sixtus V. thunders his bull of excommunication at this same +Queen of England—incites Philip of Catholic Spain to make war against +her country—and graciously <i>gives</i> the British Isles to Philip! Here is +the bull of Pope Sixtus:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We, Sixtus the Fifth, the universal shepherd of the flock of +Christ, the supreme chief, to whom the government of the whole +world appertains, considering that the people of England and +Ireland, after having been so long celebrated for their +virtues, their religion, and their submission to our see, have +become putrid members, infected, and capable of corrupting the +whole Christian body, and on account of their subjection to the +impious, tyrannical, and sanguinary government of Elizabeth, +the bastard queen, and by the influence of her adherents, who +equal her in wickedness; and who refuse, like her, to recognize +the power of the Roman Church: regarding that Henry VIII. +formerly, for motives of debauchery, commenced all these +disorders by revolting against the submission which he owed to +the Pope, the sole and true sovereign of England; considering +that the usurper Elizabeth has followed the path of this +infamous king, we declare that there exists but one mode of +remedying these evils, of restoring peace, tranquillity, and +union to Christendom, of re-establishing religion, and of +leading back the people to obedience to us, which is, to depose +from the throne that execrable Elizabeth, who falsely arrogates +to herself the title of Queen of the British Isles. Being then +inspired by the Holy Spirit for the general good of the Church, +we renew, by the virtue of our apostolic power, the sentence +pronounced by our predecessor, Pius the Fifth and Gregory the +Thirteenth, against the modern Jezebel: we proclaim her +deprived of her royal authority, of the rights, titles, or +pretensions to which she may lay claim over the kingdoms of +Ireland and England, affirming that she possesses them +unlawfully and by usurpation. We relieve all her subjects from +the oaths they may have taken to her, and we prohibit them from +rendering any kind of service to this execrable woman; it is +our will, that she be driven from door to door like one +possessed of a devil, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> that all human aid be refused her; +we declare, moreover, that foreigners or Englishmen are +permitted, as a meritorious work, to seize the person of +Elizabeth and surrender her, living or dead, to the tribunals +of the inquisition. We promise to those who shall accomplish +this glorious mission, infinite recompenses, not only in the +life eternal, but even in this world. Finally, we grant plenary +indulgence to the faithful who shall willingly unite with the +Catholic army which is going to combat the impious Elizabeth, +under the orders of our dear son Philip the Second, to whom we +give the British Isles in full sovereignty, as a recompense for +the zeal he has always shown toward our see, and for the +particular affection he has shown for the Catholics of the Low +Country."—<i>De Cormenin's History of the Popes</i>, p. 262.</p></div> + +<p>Here is what Macaulay, a reliable historian, says of the baneful effects +of Romanism:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"From the time when the barbarians overran the Western Empire +to the time of the revival of letters, the influence of the +Church of Rome has been generally favorable to science, to +civilization, and to good government. But, during the last +three centuries, to stunt the growth of the human mind has been +her chief object. Throughout Christendom, whatever advance has +been made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts +of life, has been made in spite of her, and has everywhere been +in inverse proportion to her power. The loveliest and most +fertile provinces of Europe have, under her rule, been sunk +into poverty, in political servitude, and in intellectual +torpor, while Protestant countries, once proverbial for +sterility and barbarism, have been turned, by skill and +industry, into gardens, and can boast of a long list of heroes +and statesmen, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing what +Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what four hundred years +ago they naturally were, shall now compare the country round +Rome with the country round Edinburgh, will be able to form +some judgment of the tendency of Papal domination. The descent +of Spain, once the first among monarchies, to the lowest depths +of degradation, the elevation of Holland, in spite of many +natural disadvantages, to a position such as no commonwealth so +small has ever reached, teach the same lesson. Whoever passes, +in Germany, from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality, +in Switzerland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, in +Ireland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant county, finds +that he has passed from a lower to a higher grade of +civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic the same law +prevails. The Protestants of the United States have left far +behind the Roman Catholics of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The +Roman Catholics of Lower Canada remain inert, while the whole +continent round them is in a ferment with Protestant activity +and enterprise."—<i>Macaulay's History of England</i>, vol. i., p. +37.</p></div> + +<p>I must be permitted to add, just here, that in 1848, when the people of +France expelled Louis Philippe from the throne in Paris, and established +a Republic, the present old drunken, goutified debauchee, Pope Pius IX., +hurled at the French nation a fearful bull of excommunication, and +denied them the right of revolution! Was this interfering in temporal +matters? But no longer ago than the year 1854, this same old vagabond, +Pope Pius, issued orders absolving his followers from all allegiance to +the Sardinian Government, because that government chose to abolish the +infamous monasteries, which had been so long supported at the expense of +an oppressed people! Was this not interfering in temporal matters?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> I +could multiply authorities, Governor, to an indefinite extent, +sustaining Mr. Wesley's views, and falsifying all you say, but this +would swell my reply beyond what I intended in the outset. Let me call +your attention to Brownson's Review, for July, 1853, where you will find +all this power, and even more, claimed for the Pope, over temporal +sovereigns and their subjects, the world over! This <i>Review</i> is the +acknowledged organ of <i>Archbishop Hughes</i>, the head and front of the +Catholic Church in North America.</p> + +<p>You state that our Declaration of Independence absolved from every +possible obligation to the Pope in temporal matters. Your language is:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The moment it was read and proclaimed from old Independence +Hall in Philadelphia, obedience in temporal matters, if it ever +existed, ceased for ever, as to every native-born son in +America."</p></div> + +<p>You further add that the Constitution of the United States set aside all +temporal power of the Pope in this country, and that if any doubts +remain, the finishing touch is given by the following oath of +naturalization, taken by our naturalized citizens:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of +the United States, and that I do <i>absolutely and entirely</i> +renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign +prince, potentate, or state, or sovereignty <i>whatever</i>."</p></div> + +<p>Sir, do you suppose that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," +whom you have the impudence to address, are all fools? Do you suppose +they are men of no reading or information? If they know any thing, they +certainly know that the oath of naturalization they, the Catholics, +take, weighs no more with them than a feather. A Catholic can evade the +force of any oath, by a <i>mental reservation</i>. Here is what Sanchez says, +the very highest Catholic authority, whose teaching, including this +interpretation of oaths, has been endorsed by the Council of Trent:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is lawful to use <i>ambiguous terms</i> to give the impression a +different sense from that which you understand yourself. A +person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing, +though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on +a certain day, or before he was born, or by concealing any +other similar circumstances; which gives another meaning to it. +This is extremely convenient, and always very just, when +necessary to your health, honor, or prosperity."</p></div> + +<p>In addition to this, let me tell you, if you never before knew the fact, +that Judge Gaston, a distinguished Jurist, and a gentleman of excellent +character, though a rigid Roman Catholic, of North Carolina, was +appointed to a seat upon the Supreme Bench of that State. The +Constitution of that State, unlike those of almost all other States, +requires every Judge to take an oath, among other things, that <span class="smcap">he +believes in the truth of the protestant religion</span>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> Mr. Gaston asked time +to think over the matter—he repaired to the Archbishop at Baltimore, +doubtless obtained a dispensation—wrote back to Raleigh from there, +that he would take the oath—returned, and in due time solemnly swore +that <i>he believed in the truth of the Protestant Religion</i>. He died in +Raleigh, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court—but lived and died a +Roman Catholic!</p> + +<p>During the past month, in this city, W. G. McAdoo, the Attorney General +for this Judicial Circuit, had some Irish Catholics brought before the +Grand Jury, to testify in cases of unlawful gaming and the retailing of +ardent spirits. The Clerk swore them on a common English Testament, and +they returned to the Jury room, and testified that they knew of no +cases! The Attorney for the Commonwealth then procured the <i>Catholic +Douay Bible</i>, with a large <i>Cross</i> upon its outside, swore them upon +this—sent them in, and they <i>disgorged</i>, telling of various cases, and +enabling the Jury to find bills against even some of their own folks! An +oath, then, is nothing with strict Roman Catholics, who believe their +Priests can absolve them from the obligations of any and all oaths. For +notwithstanding your denial of the fact, it is notoriously true, that +the members of the Catholic Church believe their Priesthood to exercise, +by Divine right, the power to fix and determine their eternal destiny. +Nay, every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the absolute +control of the Catholic Priesthood, by considerations not only of a +temporal, but an eternal weight. This is what gives their Priesthood +such power and influence in elections; an influence they are using in +every State, against the American party. And it is this faculty of +concentration, this political influence, this power of the Priesthood to +control the Catholic community, and cause a vast multitude of ignorant +foreigners to vote as a <i>unit</i>, and thus control the will of the +American people, that has engendered this opposition to the Catholic +Church. It is this aggressive policy and corrupting tendency of the +Romish Church; this organized and concentrated political power of a +distinct class of men; foreign by birth; inferior in intelligence and +virtue to the American people, and not their religion and form of +worship, objectionable as these are known to be, which have called forth +the opposition of the American party to the Catholic Church.</p> + +<p>But, sir, you occupy several pages in copying and commenting upon the +several oaths administered to the members of the American party—oaths +which, as you tell us, are revolting in their character, and lead to the +indiscriminate proscription of all foreigners. I meet all your +conjectures and wild speculations in reference to these several oaths +and obligations, by saying, just here, that I have taken them all, and +that they express my sentiments and feelings to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> very letter; and I +am willing, for the remainder of my days, to go before an acting Justice +of the Peace, for the county of Knox, and have all three of these oaths +administered every Monday morning, upon the "Holy Bible and Cross."</p> + +<p>You have failed, in your zeal to advocate Romanism and oppose the +American party, to tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom +you address, that we resort to our oaths and obligations to combat +successfully the most powerful oath-bound organization the world ever +knew. The oath of every <i>Roman Catholic Bishop</i> and <i>Archbishop</i> binds +him to absolute and unquestioned obedience, not only to the present Pope +but to his successors, "canonically coming in," and to "oppose and +persecute" all who do not submit to his authority! The oath of every +<i>Priest</i> binds him to the Church of Rome "as the chief head and matron +above all pretended Churches throughout the whole earth," and to +"further her interests more than his own earthly good." The oath of the +<i>Jesuit</i> binds him to the Pope, as "Christ's Vicar-General," by "all the +saints and hosts of heaven," and to "denounce and disown any allegiance +as due to Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates +or officers." The oath of the <i>San Fedisti</i>, a secret Order established +by the Papal government in 1821, binds them to sustain "the Papal altar +and throne, and to exterminate heretics, without pity for the cries of +children, or of men and women." The oath of the <i>Irish Ribbon Men</i>, an +Order established by the Papal government, and introduced into this +country by <i>Bedini</i>, the Pope's Nuncio, but a few years ago, binds him +"to extirpate all heretics, and all the Protestants, and to walk in +their blood to the knees." Is it not time to take the alarm, Governor, +and to combine to resist all these secret oath-bound associations, which +now threaten us with the loss of all that freemen and Protestant +Christians hold dear on earth?</p> + +<p>It is a matter of utter astonishment to find a great political party in +this country, most of whom are native-born Protestants, taking sides +with a foreign Church, whose designs against this country, according to +the avowals of the Duke of Richmond, lately Governor-General of Canada, +are of the most wicked and fearful character! Speaking of this +government, the Duke said in a public address, on our northern border:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It will be destroyed: it ought not, and will not be permitted +to exist. The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent +wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its +example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon +his throne; and <i>the sovereigns of Europe are aware of it</i>, and +they have <i>determined upon its destruction, and have come to an +understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means +to accomplish it</i>; and they will eventually succeed, by +SUBVERSION <i>rather than conquest</i>. All the low and surplus +population of the different nations of Europe will be carried +into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad +and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted +for soldiers, or to supply the navies; <i>and the governments of +Europe will favor such a course</i>. This will create a surplus +and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited; +and they will bring with them their principles, and in nine +cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former +governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion, and will +transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate +them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and by +the Constitution and laws will be invested with the right of +suffrage. Hence, discord, dissension, anarchy, and civil war +will ensue; and some popular individual will assume the +government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe, +the emigrants, and many of the natives, will sustain him. The +Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in +time be the established religion, and will aid in the +destruction of that Republic. <i>I have conversed with many of +the sovereigns and princes of Europe; and they have unanimously +expressed these opinions relative to the government of the +United States, and their determination to subvert it.</i>"</p></div> + +<p>The monarchs of Europe, says the Duke of Richmond, will aid in sending +us a surplus of "low, excitable, bad, and disaffected men," who will +bring with them their principles, and will adhere to their foreign +notions of government, laws, manners, customs, and religion—and that +religion Catholic; and yet <i>you</i>, the "son of a now sainted father," of +Protestant raising, have the brazen effrontery to call upon the +"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of an American Protestant Church +to aid you, your corrupt party, and the monarchs of Europe, in +destroying both our government and Church!</p> + +<p>Sir, it is passing strange that Protestant Christians and their children +should be found side by side with you, Bishop Hughes, Gov. Johnson, and +the thousands of bad men who are seeking to build up a Roman Hierarchy +in this free country of ours! What do you promise the country and +yourselves, if Romanism proves successful in this contest? The history +of the past informs us that Rome has slain 1,000,000 of Albigenses and +Waldenses; 1,500,000 Jews, in Spain; 3,000,000 Moors, in Spain. France +will never forget St. Bartholomew's Night, when 100,000 souls perished +in Paris alone! The blood of Protestants has fertilized the soil of +England, Germany, and Ireland. I mean by this, that enough of Protestant +blood has been shed to <i>enrich</i> all the poor lands of England, Germany, +and Ireland, if it were properly distributed. In all, the authentic +records of the Romish Church show, (and of this she makes her boast,) +that she has put to death SIXTY-EIGHT MILLIONS of human beings, for no +other offence than that of being <i>Protestants</i> in their religious faith! +Average each person slain at four gallons of blood, and medical writers +say a healthy person yields more, and it makes TWO HUNDRED AND +SEVENTY-TWO MILLIONS OF GALLONS!—enough<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> to overflow the banks of the +Mississippi, and destroy all the cotton and sugar plantations in +Mississippi and Louisiana!</p> + +<p>But you argue, in your blasphemous publication, that this is no longer a +characteristic of the Romish Hierarchy. Why is it not? Has she ever +changed for the better? When did she ever renounce these doctrines and +practices? Never, no, never! Hers is the same tyrannical system +now—where she has the power—that it always has been, and always must +be, in the very nature of things! It is her boast, and the boast of her +standard authors, that she is always right, and knows no change! And wo +to this land of ours, if ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her whole +system is adverse to our Republican institutions, and she hesitates not +to declare it! <i>Brownson</i> says in his Review:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the <i>lying +world</i>, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of +the State, <i>summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the +Church, its divinely constituted judge</i>."</p></div> + +<p>No wonder, sir, that the American people are aroused! Such bold and +startling avowals are calculated to arouse and unite the somewhat +divided bands of Protestant Christians; to wake up a host of Luthers, +Calvins, Cranmers, and Wesleys; to bind together "the heretics condemned +in a mass." The very latest thing I have seen is the "Pastoral Letter" +of the Bishops of the Province of St. Louis, just issued. That document +explicitly says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We maintain the superiority of the <i>spiritual</i> over the +<i>temporal</i> order. We maintain that the temporal ruler is +<i>bound</i> to conform his enactments to the Divine law. We +maintain that the Church is the supreme judge of all questions +concerning faith and morals; and that in the determination of +such question, the <i>Roman Pontiff, Vicar of Jesus Christ</i>, +constitutes a tribunal from which there is no appeal; and to +whose award all the children of the Church must yield +obedience."</p></div> + +<p>Now, sir, after this authoritative and official announcement, I don't +want to see any more of your wire-drawn distinctions between spiritual +and temporal allegiance to the Pope. These Bishops say that both are +alike binding. Nor do I want to see any more of your malignant efforts +to fix the <i>lie</i> upon Mr. Wesley, for affirming in Europe, during the +past century, what the Bishops of the United States have announced, in a +Pastoral Address, in the present day!</p> + +<p>Pope Pius IX. has, by a special act, made the Virgin Mary the special +patron of these United States; but the Protestants of this country have +also made a decree, and that decree is, that Jesus Christ, and not the +Virgin Mary, shall be the patron of these United States.</p> + +<p>And I am happy to have it in my power to inform you, notwithstanding the +influence of your Address, that the "Bishops, Elders, and other +Ministers" of the Methodist Church, both North and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> South, are ready to +make a common, determined, prayerful effort to save our native land from +the threatened slavery of submission to the decisions of the Council of +Trent, and the equally corrupt conventions of Progressive Democracy!</p> + +<p>Assuming what is notoriously <i>false</i>—that the Know Nothings are in +favor of all measures fatal to the South, and destructive to the +Constitution—you ask on page 25 of your <i>infinitely infernal</i> Address:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"What if a proposition be pending to repeal the Fugitive Slave +Law—the Kansas and Nebraska law—the rejection of a State +asking admission into the Union, because its constitution may +tolerate slavery?"</p></div> + +<p>You know, sir, that the 12th Plank in the Philadelphia Platform of the +American party is a safer guaranty upon this slavery question, and the +perpetuity of existing laws, than is to be found anywhere in the creeds +of political parties. Here it is in full:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The American party having arisen upon the ruins, and in spite +of the opposition of the Whig and Democratic parties, can not +be held in any manner responsible for the obnoxious acts or +violated pledges of either; and the systematic agitation of the +slavery question by those parties having elevated sectional +hostility into a positive element of political power, and +brought our institutions into peril, it has therefore become +the imperative duty of the American party to interpose, for the +purpose of giving peace to the country, and perpetuity to the +Union. And as experience has shown it impossible to reconcile +opinions so extreme as those which separate the disputants, and +as there can be no dishonor in submitting to the laws, the +National Council has deemed it the best guaranty of common +justice and of future peace, to abide by and maintain the +existing laws upon the subject of slavery, as a final and +conclusive settlement of that subject in spirit and in +substance.</p> + +<p>"And regarding it the highest duty to avow their opinions upon +a subject so important, in distinct and unequivocal terms, it +is hereby declared as the sense of this National Council, that +Congress possesses no power, under the Constitution, to +legislate upon the subject of slavery in the States where it +does or may exist, or to exclude any State from admission into +the Union, because its Constitution does or does not recognize +the institution of slavery as a part of its social system; and +expressly pretermitting any expression of opinion upon the +power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any +Territory, it is the sense of the National Council that +Congress ought not to legislate upon the subject of slavery +within the Territories of the United States, and that any +interference by Congress with slavery as it exists in the +District of Columbia, would be a violation of the spirit and +intention of the compact by which the State of Maryland ceded +the District to the United States, and a breach of the national +faith."</p></div> + +<p>In the "wild hunt" for territory by the progressive Democracy, and their +efforts to settle our Western lands with foreigners who are to a man +Free Soilers and Abolitionists, the South has more to fear than from all +other considerations. What is Gov. Johnson's iniquitous Homestead Bill, +but a bid for foreigners? He proposes to give to the heads of families +one hundred and sixty acres of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> land, thus <i>hiring</i> all the convicts and +paupers of Europe to come and settle in our Western States and +Territories! Sir, but let your progressive, sublimated, +double-distilled, converging-lines, Johnsonian Democracy bring into this +Union one million of Spanish Papists—black, brown, sorrel, and +tawny—under the guise of acquiring Cuba for the South: let them bring +eight hundred thousand French and English Papists, under the name of +acquiring Canada for the North: let them bring two millions of Mexican +Papists—brown, tawny, red and black, being a mixture of all colors and +all nations—under the specious pretence of "extending the area of +freedom"—let all this be done—and your party, made up of native +traitors, and foreign vagabonds, and Catholic paupers, are aiming at +it—let it be done, I say, and farewell to liberty, and all that is +sacred in this country! With five millions of Papists in our midst—four +millions and a half being of foreign birth, and four millions speaking a +foreign language—all taught from infancy to hate and detest +Protestantism as a crime—an American party would become an absolute +political necessity. Well do the Free Soil papers comprehend this +matter. Hear the infamous but influential <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, one of your +Douglass organs—one of your foreign Catholic organs. I quote from the +paper itself:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is now a well-attested fact, that Atchison is a member of +the Superior Order of the Spangled Banner, or Know Nothings, +and that his infernal villainy in Kansas has been carried on +under the protection and patronage of the lodges in Western +Missouri. This is a matter that all men in the North should +understand, that Northern voters may be exceedingly cautious +how they give countenance or support to an Order that, in any +of its phases or localities, is capable of producing such +results. It is further said, that the members of that Kansas +Legislature, now outraging all sense of right and justice by +their devilish enactments, are the chosen men of the affiliated +Know Nothings in Missouri and Kansas, who back then up in +whatever thing they do. Atchison and his gang are the friends +of the Order, and through it and Southern Know Nothing support +they are sure that their efforts to establish a despotism in +the Territory, if necessary, at the point of the bayonet, will +be successful. These facts account for many things heretofore +inexplicable, and they develop the true reason of the hostility +of the border-ruffians to the foreign immigration that would, +under other circumstances, people that vast and fertile country +west of the Missouri."</p></div> + +<p>Thus it appears that a host of <i>lousy</i> foreigners, fresh from the +emigrant ships, in which they are brought over to this country as +<i>ballast</i>—having the right to vote conferred upon them by an infamous +<i>progressive</i> Democratic feature in the Kansas Bill, were expected to +get the control of affairs in Kansas. It further appears, however, that +Senator Atchison and his pro-slavery associates supposed that, though +fresh from their farms, and crossing the line of their State into the +new Territory, they too had the right to vote without being +<i>naturalized</i> in Kansas. Hence, in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> estimation of this Sag Nicht +organ at Chicago, a great outrage is committed upon Germany, Ireland, +and Italy!</p> + +<p>Sir, you need not lay the flattering unction to your soul, that you can +drive the clergy generally from the noble stand they have taken upon +this great question. Nor need you suppose, for one moment, that the +American party are conquered, though defeated in several States in the +recent elections. The party will remain true to its ends. Though it fail +to command office, it cannot fail to exercise large power. Office is not +always strength; but sometimes, nay, frequently, as in the case of the +present Administration, weakness, as time will prove! The aim of the +American party is, by fair party means, to correct a great social evil +and political wrong; and if they cannot do that, to mitigate the evil +and the wrong; if they cannot do that, to prevent its <i>further +increase</i>; and if neither can be done, why, then I confess to you, the +party will have failed. But, sir, if such a failure take place, rest +assured that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the Methodist +Church, South, will not help to bring about such a failure! We can +afford to let such minions of party as you are, rave and rant, and +publish their expositions, and issue their warnings to Churches: they +will all serve to swell our ranks. All true American hearts, not chained +to the car of party, or bound down by the cords of plunder, think alike +upon the great questions that have called the American party into +existence. Little do we regard the slanders of the pensioners of party. +Let their speeches and publications teem with wholesale slanders of our +creed: the political jockeyism of these thimble-riggers, as in your own +case, is too apparent!</p> + +<p>From Maine to the shores of the Pacific the country is convulsed with +intense excitement upon this subject. Shall Americans govern themselves, +or shall Foreigners, unacquainted with our laws, and brought up under +monarchical governments, rule? Shall those who are temporally and +spiritually subject to a foreign prince be our legislators, +post-masters, foreign ministers, and military leaders, and change our +laws as they are directed by the Pope of Rome? Such results the American +party have set out to prevent. The present excitement will not cease; +true Americans and Protestants will labor and pray until our distracted +country shall be redeemed from the influence of civil and ecclesiastical +tyranny.</p> + +<p>Now, Governor, I have noticed all your charges, arguments, and appeals, +but one, and that is the allegation that Methodist clerical Know +Nothings are <i>conspirators</i>. Your argument is—and I wish to represent +you correctly—"The offence of conspiracy is not confined to the +prejudicing of a particular individual; it may be to injure public +trade, to affect public health, or to <i>violate public policy</i>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p> + +<p>You cite Blackstone's Commentary, and other English Law Books, to +satisfy the Clergy as to the <i>law of conspiracy</i>. This done, you +overwhelm them with this sage and logical conclusion:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The gist of the offence of conspiracy consists in a +confederacy to do an <i>unlawful act</i>, and the offence is +complete when the confederacy is made."</p></div> + +<p>I will concede, for the sake of the argument, that this is sound law, +and that yours is a logical deduction. Nay, I will concede more—I grant +that it is an unlawful act for native Americans, and Protestant +Christians, whether ministers or laymen, to resolve, or swear, as we +Know Nothings have all done, that we will not vote for Catholics and +Foreigners for public offices! I take the ground you do, that a man's +vote is not his own, and that it is only to be disposed of by the +leaders of the party with which he may act!</p> + +<p>And now, if you and I, both great men, and <i>Doctors of Law</i>, are correct +in laying down the law, and the <i>privilege of voters in this free +country</i>, what an infamous body of conspirators the Democrats are, and +have always been! For a quarter of a century, they have conspired to +keep the Whigs out of office—have succeeded in doing so most of that +time—and have kept thousands of them who are poor from becoming rich! +More recently, they have conspired with Abolitionists, Free Soilers, +Fourierites, Spiritualists, Roman Catholics, Irish, French, and German +paupers, and all manner of European convicts, to keep the American party +out of office, and have succeeded in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, +Alabama, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and other States—thereby +depriving the Americans of "lots" of money and honors, both of which +they need, and both of which are their <i>birthrights</i>!</p> + +<p>The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom you address, in +opposition to the great sin of <i>conspiracy</i>, would more cheerfully unite +with you to enforce law and order, and to prosecute offenders, but for +the fact that the <i>Abolition wing of your party</i> once conspired against +them, to deprive their wives, children, widows, and orphans, of their +lawful portion of the great Book Concern in New York, and they were +compelled to punish the conspirators, at great expense, however, in the +District and Supreme Courts of the United States!</p> + +<p>But, Sir, upon the subject of <i>oaths</i>, you are eloquent, apt in your +quotations of Scripture, and evince great learning in the legal +profession! You charge that "Know Nothingism is both unchristian and +unlawful, because of its <i>oaths</i>, which have no Scripture warrant for +their administration!" One of your quotations from the Bible is this: +"Swear not at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne: nor by the +earth, for it is his footstool." Your mind has undergone a great change +upon the subject of <i>oaths</i> and <i>hard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> swearing</i>, since the 21st of +June, 1845, when you delivered your celebrated "Mount Pisgah" speech at +Athens. You then advised the people of the State to administer "horrible +oaths," and to swear by the "<i>heavens</i>," aye, "God's throne." But then +you were a Know Nothing. Here is what you say in your <i>revised</i> copy of +that memorable speech:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Go up with me in imagination and stand for awhile on some +lofty summit of the Rocky Mountains. Let us take one ravishing +view of this broad land of liberty. Turn your face toward the +Gulf of Mexico: what do you behold? Instead of one lone star +faintly shining in the far distant south, a whole galaxy of +stars of the first magnitude are bursting on your vision and +shining with a bright and glorious effulgence. Now turn with me +to the west—the mighty west—where the setting sun dips her +disk in the western ocean. Look away down through the misty +distance to the shores of the Pacific, with all its bays, and +harbors, and rivers. Cast your eyes as far as the Russian +Possessions, in latitude fifty-four degrees and forty minutes. +What a new world lies before you! How many magnificent States +to be the future homes of the sons and daughters of freedom! +But you have not gazed on half this glorious country. Turn now +your face to the east, where the morning sun first shines on +this land of liberty. Away yonder, you see the immortal old +thirteen, who achieved our independence; nearer to us lie the +twelve or fifteen States of the great valley of the +Mississippi, stretching and reposing like so many giants in +their slumbers. O! now I see your heart is full—it can take in +no more. Who now feels like he was a party man, or a southern +man, or a northern man? Who does not feel that he is an +American, and thankful to Heaven that his lot was cast in such +a goodly land? When did mental vision ever rest on such a +scene? Moses, when standing on the top of Mount Pisgah, looking +over on the promised land, gazed not on a scene half so lovely. +O! let us this day <i>vow</i> that whatever else we may do, by +whatever name we may be called, we will never surrender one +square acre of this goodly heritage to the <span class="smcap">dictation</span> of any +king or potentate on earth. <span class="smcap">Swear it! swear it!</span> my countrymen, +and let <span class="smcap">Heaven record the vow for ever</span>!"</p></div> + +<p>In conclusion, Governor, suffer a few words of advice, and I will bring +this letter, already too long, to a close. You are advanced in years, +nay, you have grown gray in the service of sin, and political intrigues; +and at most you have not long to live. Cease your political aspirations, +and turn your attention to future and eternal things! You have been a +member of our State Legislature; subsequently, a member of Congress; and +more recently the Governor of our State; honors and stations, to say the +least of it, equal to your merits and talents!</p> + +<p>As a true "son of a now sainted father," from whom you have been +separated for many years, so demean yourself in future, that you may not +be separated, world without end! Humble yourself before God; confess +your numerous sins; and instead of lecturing God's ministers upon the +subject of party politics, ask them, with tears in your eyes, to pray +for you! Exercise a living faith in Christ, who came down from heaven, +and made upon the cross a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice, +oblation, and satisfaction, for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> the sins of the whole world. Thus +obtaining forgiveness, cease your Sunday discussions on political +subjects; attend at the house of God, and set an example to other +ungodly Sag Nichts, and lead a new and different life!</p> + +<p>Very respectfully, your obedient servant,</p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><i>A Local Methodist Minister.</i></span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p> +<h2>GOVERNOR JOHNSON AND EDITOR EASTMAN.</h2> + + +<p>On the 9th of October, 1855, and while the Legislature was in session at +Nashville, we delivered a speech to an immense crowd on the Public +Square; which, after certain preliminary remarks, we will give to the +public, just as it was spoken. The reason why the call was made on us to +deliver the speech was, that we had, the previous weeks, delivered the +same, in <i>substance</i>, at Shelbyville and Clarksville, and the American +party at Nashville hearing of it, and approving what was said, desired +us to repeat it; and, to be candid, we desired to repeat it there and +then!</p> + +<p>Mr. Wise, of Virginia, gained great notoriety, in the spring of 1855, by +his abuse and blackguardism, heaped upon the American party. He was +successful; and Johnson, of Tennessee, whose ambition was to gain a more +infamous notoriety, profiting by the example of Wise, plunged into the +lowest depths of Billingsgate, and piled his vulgar epithets upon the +party <i>indiscriminately</i>. Wise, then, like all inventors and +originators, has had numerous <i>imitators</i>, and among the most successful +of these are Johnson, of Tennessee; Stephens, of Georgia; and Clingman, +of North Carolina. But as an adept in low Billingsgate slang, coarse +blackguardism, and as a slanderer and maligner of better men than +himself, Johnson has excelled his patron, Wise, and left far in the +shades of the distant caverns of abuse, both Stephens and Clingman!</p> + +<p>To prepare the public mind for the degree of severity we used in +reference to the Governor of the State, we will introduce as many as +<i>five</i> different extracts from his speeches, in his late canvass for +Governor, at Murfreesboro' and Manchester; as reported by his partisan +organ, the <i>Nashville Union</i>, and his <i>pliant tool</i>, its Abolition +editor, <i>E. G. Eastman</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">The Devil, his Satanic Majesty, the Prince of Darkness, who +presides over the secret conclave held in Pandemonium, makes +war upon all branches of Christ's Church. The Know Nothings +advocate and defend none, but make war upon one of the +Churches, and thus far</span> BECOME THE ALLIES OF THE PRINCE OF +DARKNESS."—[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Murfreesboro'.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">A denomination like this, to set up as the guardians of the +religion and morals of the country! A denomination bound +together by secret and terrible oaths: the first of which, on +the very initiation</span>, FIXES AND REQUIRES THEM TO CARRY A LIE IN +THEIR MOUTHS."—[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Murfreesboro'.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Show me the dimensions of a Know Nothing, and I will show you +a HUGE REPTILE, upon whose neck the FOOT of EVERY HONEST MAN +ought to be placed.</span>"—[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Manchester.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">They are like the Hyena, and come from their lair after +midnight to prey upon human carcasses.</span>"—[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew +Johnson</span>, at Manchester.</p> + +<p>"I WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN THE CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL AS IN +A KNOW NOTHING COUNCIL."—[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at +Manchester.</p></div> + +<p>The <i>blackguard</i> and <i>calumniator</i> using this language, was elected by a +majority of two thousand votes: that majority being cast by <i>Foreigners +and illegal voters</i>; and consequently, his competitor, <span class="smcap">Col. Gentry</span>—than +whom there is not a more talented, patriotic, and honorable gentleman in +Tennessee—was fairly and justly elected. This, then, is the language +used by the Governor of Tennessee, <i>towards a majority of the legal +voters of the State</i>! Under these circumstances, we made the speech that +follows, to an immense crowd on the Square: the correspondence preceding +which, will explain itself:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Nashville</span>, Oct. 10th, 1855.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow, Esq.</span>:</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Dear Sir</i>:—The undersigned, having heard your speech on the +Square, last night, respectfully request that you embody the +substance of the same, and publish it in the Knoxville Whig. +The desire to see it in print is very general; and those who +heard it approved its severity, without it were such as were +bitter against the American party.</p> + +<p class="right">Your friends,<br /> +Charles G. Smith,<br /> +John Morrison,<br /> +F. M. Burton,<br /> +Robt. S. Northcutt,<br /> +Saml. Davis.</p></div> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="date"><span class="smcap">Nashville</span>, Oct. 13th, 1855.</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Messrs. Smith, Morrison, and others:</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><i>Gentlemen</i>:—Your note requesting me to publish the substance +of my remarks on the Square, last Tuesday night, has been +received, and I would have replied sooner, but for my absence +at Shelbyville. I have now made the same speech at Clarksville, +Nashville, and Shelbyville; and my only regrets are, that my +engagements prevent me from delivering the same speech at every +point in this State, where Gov. Johnson held me up as the "High +Priest of the Order," and argued therefrom the <i>want of +respectability</i> for the Order. In addition to your request, I +have had verbal applications from many gentlemen to publish my +remarks—gentlemen who have been mild and moderate throughout +their political course. I shall, therefore, comply with your +request and theirs, at my earliest convenience.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p> + +<p>I hold that no man's position in life should shield him from +the rebukes he may merit by his bad conduct; and as for the +present Governor of Tennessee, his wholesale abuse of the +American party, towards whose members, without a single +exception, he has indulged in language which ought not to be +tolerated within the precincts of Billingsgate, no epithet is +too low, too degrading, or disgraceful, to pay him back in.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">Respectfully, &c.,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Fellow-Citizens:</span>—The occasion which has called you together to-night, +is the special appointment of our young friend, Mr. Crowe, to whose +eloquence we have all listened with pleasure. I have made no appointment +to speak here; nor have I prompted the loud and long calls made upon me, +this evening, by this large Nashville audience. I shall speak to you; +but not upon the <i>issues</i> of the late canvass, nor upon those of the +approaching canvass of 1856. I will discuss <i>Andrew Johnson</i> and <i>E. G. +Eastman</i>; and if they are in the assembly, I hope they will come forward +and take seats on this stand, that I may have the pleasure of looking +them full in the face, as I denounce them in unmeasured terms: which is +my purpose to-night, let the consequences be what they may!</p> + +<p>On a memorable night in August, after it was understood that <i>Andrew +Johnson</i> was reëlected to the office of Governor, a procession was +formed in Knoxville, composed of the worst materials in that young and +growing city—such as drunken, red-mouthed Irishmen, lousy Germans, and +insolent negroes, with three or four men of respectable pretensions +thrown in, to exercise a controlling influence over these bad materials. +This riotous mob halted in front of my dwelling, in East Knoxville, and +<i>groaned</i> and <i>sang</i> for my especial benefit: all which was natural +enough—as they had triumphed over me in the election of a Governor. I +took no offence at their rejoicing over the election of Gov. Johnson, as +I told them; and for the reason, that I knew them to be of that class of +men who would <i>actually need the exercise of the pardoning power</i>, at +the hands of the present Governor, to release them from the +penitentiary, before his present term of service would expire!</p> + +<p>From my humble dwelling, this <i>beautiful</i> procession marched to the +Coleman House, on Gay street, yelling like devils, and insulting the +inmates of every house they passed. "Huzza for <i>Andy McJohnson</i>!" +exclaimed one. "Three cheers for <i>Andy O'Johnson</i>!" exclaimed another. +While, to cap the climax—"Well done, my <i>Johnsing</i> and the <i>White +Bastard</i>," (meaning <i>Basis</i>,) exclaimed a drunken negro! Halting in +front of the Coleman House, the Governor elect mounted a goods box, and +under feelings of great excitement, hatred, and malice, delivered a +speech abusive of the whole American party, excepting none, in coarse, +bitter language,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> in a style peculiarly his own—adapted alone to the +foul precincts of Billingsgate—rounding his periods with a diabolical +and infernal <i>grin</i>, alone suited to a display of oratory by a land +pirate!</p> + +<p>I reported this slanderous speech—not in as offensive style—as it was +delivered; for his <i>looks</i> and <i>grins</i> no man can report on paper. I +also wrote the substance of what he said to Major Donelson, in a letter, +of which I shall have something more to say before I leave this stand. +Just here, I will repeat what the Governor did say, and what I reported +him to have said in my paper. I wish this large audience to hear me +distinctly, and to recollect the points I make; for I shall wind up on +the Governor and his miserable tool, <i>Eastman</i>, with a degree of +severity you have not been accustomed to, but which shall be warranted +by the facts in each case.</p> + +<p>Gov. Johnson said this new party of self-styled Americans professed to +have organized with a view to purify and reform the old political +parties. A beautiful set, said he, to reform! The Order of Know Nothings +was composed of the worst men in the Whig and Democratic parties. As a +<i>sample</i> of these men, he pointed out <i>Andrew J. Donelson</i>, by +name—exclaiming as often as twice, <i>Who is Andrew J. Donelson?</i> He is a +soured, office-seeking, disappointed politician, who has been kicked out +of the Democratic party. To illustrate his views more fully, he told the +crowd to imagine a large gang of <i>counterfeiters</i> out there! and an +equally large gang of <i>horse-thieves</i> out yonder! Take from these two +companies the worst men in their ranks, form a third party of these, and +you have a representation of this Know Nothing party. This was a +beautiful party to propose reform, or to speak of other parties being +corrupt! He was interrupted repeatedly; and I think I may safely say, +among hands, they gave him the d——d lie fifty times! James M. Davis, a +respectable mechanic, asked him if he would say that to Major Donelson's +face? He replied, that he heard the hissing of an adder, or a goose, and +went through with certain stereotyped phrases you have all heard from +his lips. This call upon him by Mr. Davis was not named in my newspaper +report, nor in my letter to Major Donelson. Indeed, I did not anticipate +a denial of his abuse.</p> + +<p>Now, fellow-citizens, it was in this connection, as well as in the most +offensive language, that Gov. Johnson introduced the name of Andrew J. +Donelson, repeating it more than once, emphasizing upon it, and +repeating it with scorn and bitterness. This is the report, <i>in +substance</i>, I made of his speech through my paper, and in a letter I +addressed to Major Donelson. And to the truth of my report, there are +one hundred respectable gentlemen in Knoxville who will make oath upon +the Holy Bible. There are now a half-dozen respectable gentlemen in this +crowd who were in the street at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> Knoxville on that occasion, and heard +every word the Governor said, and will sustain me in my account of it. +Among these I will name Messrs. White and Armstrong, members of the +House, Senator Rogers, Col. James C. Luttrell, and Mr. Fleming, the +editor of the Knoxville Register.</p> + +<p>Well, gentlemen—and I am proud to have an opportunity of vindicating +myself before so large a Nashville audience as this is—I say Major +Donelson came to Nashville, after receiving intelligence of the abuse of +the Governor, and was seen walking these streets with a <i>large and +homely stick</i> in his hand, looking <i>grum</i>, as any gentleman would do +under the circumstances. The friends of Gov. Johnson seeing what would +likely be the result of this affair, asked for, and very properly +obtained that letter, with a view to laying it before their slanderous +and abusive Executive officer, that he might <i>lie out of what he said</i> +about an honorable and brave man; and thereby avoid the disgrace of a +cudgelling! Did he lie out of the scrape? He did: aye, he <i>ingloriously +lied out</i> of what he had said—leaving Major Donelson no ground for any +difficulty with him: although the Major had a right to suppose that any +man base enough to make such charges, would have no hesitancy in lying +out of his disreputable and cowardly abuse. I therefore pronounce your +Governor, here upon his own dunghill, an <span class="smcap">unmitigated liar and +calumniator</span>, and a <span class="smcap">villainous coward</span>, wanting the <i>nerve</i> to stand up to +his abuse of better men than himself!</p> + +<p>But it will be said that the Governor <i>proves</i> me a liar, by a citizen +of Nashville, who was present at Knoxville and heard his speech. That is +so, but I prove both him and his witness liars, by a multitude of +witnesses who were also present, and who are gentlemen of the first +standing. But who is it that testifies that I have lied? It is <i>E. G. +Eastman</i>, the editor of the Sag Nicht organ in this city. And who is <i>E. +G. Eastman</i>? He is a dirty, lying, and unscrupulous Abolitionist, from +Massachusetts, who once conducted an Abolitionist paper either in that +State, or the State of New Hampshire. He was brought out to this State +to lie for the unscrupulous leaders of his party. He is paid for +<i>telling</i> and <i>writing</i> falsehoods, and would, if the interests of his +party required it, and a consideration were paid him in hand, <i>swear +lies</i> as readily as he would write them down for publication. He is a +poor devil, as void of truth and honor as he has shown himself to be of +courage and resentment. He edits a low, dirty, scurrilous sheet; and, +like his master, Gov. Johnson, never could elevate himself above the +level of a common blackguard. No epithet is too low, too degrading, or +disgraceful to be applied to the members of the American party, by +either of these Billingsgate graduates. Decent men shun coming in +contact with either of them, as they would avoid a night-cart,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> or other +vehicle of filth. As some fish thrive only in dirty water, so the +Nashville Union and American would not exist a week out of the +atmosphere of slang and vituperation. A fit organ, this, for all who +arrange themselves under the dark piratical flag of Andrew Johnson and +his progressive Democracy. I am the more specific in reference to +<i>Eastman</i>, because I understand he is in this assembly!</p> + +<p>But, fellow-citizens, I am not yet through with this Knoxville speech of +the Governor. Maj. Donelson visited Knoxville, one month after this +slanderous speech was made against him; he visited there upon the +invitation of the American party, to address a Mass Meeting. I waited +upon Maj. Donelson, upon his arrival, and found him at the house of +Doct. Curry. I told the Major that I was tired of having questions of +veracity between me and Governors and Ex-Governors of Tennessee, and +that I desired that others should state to him what had been said by the +Governor. Accordingly, different gentlemen, citizens of character, +informed him that they were in the crowd and heard Johnson, and that he +did say all that was attributed to him, both in the letter he had +received from me, and in the two Knoxville papers. Consequently, when +Maj. Donelson made his speech next day, he denounced the Governor as a +miserable calumniator, and refuted his villainous charges, in a manner +becoming the occasion, and with a frankness which carried with it a +conviction of its truth, and gave satisfaction to his numerous friends.</p> + +<p>And now, gentlemen, I take occasion to state, that there is no longer an +adjourned question of veracity between me and Johnson and Eastman. The +issue is between Johnson and Eastman, on the one hand, and various +respectable gentlemen of Knoxville, on the other hand. Either the +Governor and his man Friday have basely lied, or a number of the +citizens of Knoxville and vicinity, have testified to what is false. I +assert, once more, that the Governor and his dirty Editor have lied out +of the villainous abuse the former heaped upon better men than himself. +And if their friends are willing to see them remain under the charge, +the American party are satisfied with the settlement of the question.</p> + +<p>Fellow-citizens, while I am on the stand, I will notice some other +points personal to myself. And before I enter upon these, I will call +your attention to the wholesale abuse of the Governor, of some +thirty-five or forty thousand voters in Tennessee. In his Murfreesboro' +speech, he asserted that "<i>the Devil, his Satanic Majesty, presides over +all the secret conclaves</i>" held by the Know Nothings, and that "<i>they +are the allies of the Prince of Darkness</i>." I quote from his printed +speeches from memory, but it will be found that I quote correctly. In +that same speech, he asserts that all Know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> Nothings are "<i>bound by +terrible oaths to fix and carry a lie in their mouths</i>!" In his +Manchester speech, I believe it was, he called all members of the new +party "<i>Hyenas</i>," and "<i>huge reptiles, upon whose neck the feet of all +honest men ought to be placed</i>." And in this same speech he says he +"<span class="smcap">would as soon be found in a clan of John A. Murrell's men, as in a Know +Nothing Council!</span>"</p> + +<p>What an imputation upon nearly one half of the legal voters of +Tennessee! He has used the most odious terms his <i>limited</i> knowledge of +the English language would enable him to employ, to deride, defame, +insult, and blackguard every man who has joined the new party, or dares +to act with them in politics. In the plenitude of his bitter and +supercilious arrogance, Andrew Johnson has indulged in language against +the entire American party, which would not be tolerated within the +precincts of Billingsgate, or the lowest fish-market in London. And from +Johnson to Shelby counties, during the entire summer, this low-flung and +ill-bred scoundrel, pursued this same strain of vulgar and disgusting +abuse. And whether speaking of the most enlightened statesman, the +purest patriot, or the most pious clergyman, he pursued the same strain +of abuse. With him, a vile demagogue, whose daily employment is to +administer to the very worst appetites of mankind, no virtue, no honor, +no truth, exists anywhere, but in the breasts of such as are either +corrupt enough or fool enough to follow him, and a few malignant +falsifiers who worship at his shrine. He is a wretched and vile caterer +to the morbid foreign and Catholic appetite of this country. "It is a +dirty bird that fouls its own nest," says the proverb; and it applies to +this man Johnson with as much force as to the dirtiest of the feathered +tribe.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Where is the wretch, so lost, so dead,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who never to himself hath said,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">This is my <i>own</i>, <span class="smcap">my native land</span>!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>He now disgraces the Executive Chair of this gallant State. Most of +God's creatures, human and brute, have an attachment to "<span class="smcap">home, sweet +home</span>;" but here is a contemptible and selfish demagogue who discards all +such feelings, and would transfer his country and home to strangers and +outlaws, to European paupers and criminals, if he could thereby receive +a temporary election, or receive a pocket-full of money. For such a +wretch I have no sympathy, and no feelings but those of scorn and +contempt, and hence it is that I speak of him in such terms.</p> + +<p>On every stump in Tennessee, he held me up as "the High Priest of the +Order," representing Col. Gentry as <i>my</i> candidate. Since I came to +Middle Tennessee, I have been informed that he pointed to the fancied +fact that I was the head of the Order, as an evidence of <i>its utter want +of respectability</i>. Turning up his nose, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> grinning significantly, he +would inquire, <i>Who is William G. Brownlow?</i></p> + +<p>Now, gentlemen, since he makes this issue of <i>respectability</i> with me, I +will accept it. Since he throws down the glove, I will take it up, and I +will show you that he is the last man on God's green earth to call in +question the respectability of other men, or their families! It would be +both cruel and unbecoming in me to speak of what the dishonest and +villainous relatives of Gov. Johnson have done, if he conducted himself +prudently, and did not abuse others with such great profusion. I am not +aware of any relative of mine ever having been hung, sent to the +penitentiary, or being placed in the stocks. I have no doubt that +persons related to me, directly or remotely, have deserved such a fate +long since. There is not a man in this vast assembly who can say, and +tell the truth, that he has no mean kin. Can Gov. Johnson say so? +Rather, can he say he has any other kind? He is a member of a numerous +family of Johnsons, in North Carolina, who are generally <span class="smcap">thieves</span> and +<span class="smcap">liars</span>; and though he is the best one of the family I have ever met with, +I unhesitatingly affirm, to-night, that there are better men than Andrew +Johnson in our Penitentiary! His relatives in the Old North State, have +stood in the Stocks for crimes they have committed. And his <i>own born +cousin</i>, Madison Johnson, was hung in Raleigh, for murder and robbery! I +told him of this years ago, in Jonesboro', and he denied it, and put me +to the trouble of procuring the testimony of Gov. John M. Morehead to +prove it! The Governor was petitioned to pardon Madison Johnson, and +declined, as he knew he suffered justly. This explains why this +<i>scape-gallows</i> has been so bitter against Whig and Know Nothing +Governors. They have been so unfeeling, as to suffer his dear relatives +to <i>pull hemp without foothold</i>, when a jury of twelve honest men have +said that they deserved death! Is he not one of the last men living to +talk about a want of respectability on the part of any one? Certainly he +is!</p> + +<p>Well, gentlemen, Johnson is again the Governor of Tennessee; but if he +could be mortified, he would have the mortification to know that he is +the Governor with a majority of the <i>legal native votes of the State</i> +cast in opposition to him. We all committed one capital blunder in the +late canvass, and that alone defeated Gentry, and elected Johnson. We +copied from the Book of Pardons a list of FORTY-SEVEN names of culprits +pardoned out of our State Prison by Johnson—some for negro-stealing, +some for counterfeiting, house-breaking, rape, and other <i>Democratic</i> +measures—more pardons than all his "illustrious predecessors" ever +granted. In copying this list, we said to the voters of the State that +Johnson had spoken his honest sentiments when he said he preferred +being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> among a clan of Murrell men, to being found in a Know Nothing +Council; and in the same breath we assured them that if Gentry was +elected, he would let all such rascals stay in prison as long as the +courts of the country decreed they should. And while thousands of +honorable, high-minded men voted for Johnson, under the lash of party, +or because they were blinded by his glaring demerits, it is not to be +disguised that all the <i>petit larceny</i> and <i>Penitentiary men</i> in the +State voted for him. There never was a time in Tennessee when there were +not five thousand voters who either <i>had been stealing</i>, or <i>intended to +steal</i>! These would naturally look to where they would find a friend, in +the event of their being overtaken by justice. In the person of Andrew +Johnson, they felt assured of "a friend indeed, because a friend in +<i>need</i>." He had publicly told them that he preferred the company of +Murrell men to the society of the most respectable lawyers, doctors, +preachers, farmers, and mechanics in the State, who met in certain +councils. The fact of his turning so many Murrell men out of the State +Prison, and of his having been <i>raised up in such society</i>, left no +doubt of the sincerity of his profession!</p> + +<p>In conclusion, fellow-citizens, if Gov. Johnson cannot lawfully canvass +the State a <i>third</i> time for the office he now fills, I hope the +Legislature will legalize such a race by a special act, and I propose to +be the candidate against him. I will show the people of the State in his +presence, from the same stand, who are Murrell men, and who are not able +to look honest men in the face!</p> + +<p>If I have said any thing to-night offensive to your Governor, or any of +his friends or understrappers in this city, they know where to find me. +When I am not on the streets, I can be found at No. 43, on the lower +floor of Sam Scott's City Hotel, opposite the ladies' parlor. I shall +remain here for the next ten days only, and whatever punishment any one +may wish to inflict upon me, it must be done in that time. I say this, +not because I seek a difficulty, but because I don't intend it shall be +said that I made this speech and took to flight!</p> + +<p>I thank you, gentlemen, for the patience with which you have heard me in +a matter personal to myself, and I hope you are prepared to acquit me of +lying in the Donelson case, although Gov. Johnson and Editor Eastman +bear testimony against me. I thank you, and now bid you good night!</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>We beg leave to add, that in March, 1842, Andrew Johnson laid hold of us +in a speech in Blountville, when we were in Jonesborough, distant twenty +miles. He held up a picture or drawing of us, and accompanied it with +many abusive remarks. In turn, we held him up in the Whig of the 29th of +the same month, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> gave his <i>pedigree</i> in full, and with it a +<i>representation of his cousin Madison Johnson, under the gallows</i> in +Raleigh!</p> + +<p>The first Monday in April following, Johnson spoke in Jonesborough, and +denied <i>most solemnly that he ever had a relative by the name of Madison +Johnson—denied that a man of that name had ever been hung in +Raleigh—and asserted that the man hung there in 1841 was by the name of +Scott—a nephew, he said, of General Winfield Scott!</i> This bold denial, +made in the presence of a large and anxious crowd, overwhelmed us <i>for +the time being</i>, as Johnson was raised in the vicinity of Raleigh, and +had learned his trade there. He was supposed to know, and for the moment +we were branded with falsehood. To aid him in his war upon us, the +"<i>Jonesborough Sentinel</i>," Johnson's organ, came out upon us, and +noticed his denial of our charge and his speech, in an article of which +the following is an extract:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Brownlow said, some time back, that Col. Johnson had a cousin +hung in North Carolina. The Colonel developed the fact the day +he used up or skinned Brownlow alive in Jonesborough, <i>that +instead of its being his cousin, it was the nephew of Gen. +Winfield Scott</i>, now a <i>quasi</i> Coon candidate for the +Presidency. Brownlow <i>is so silent</i>!"</p></div> + +<p>After this, the Sentinel noticed us again, and this notice drew out +<span class="smcap">Weston R. Gales</span>, the then editor of the Raleigh Register, in the +following:</p> + +<h4>EDITORIAL COMPLIMENTS.</h4> +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"We find the following editorial in the 'Jonesboro' (Tenn.) +Sentinel,' a Locofoco print, in relation to the editor of the +'Jonesboro Whig:'</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Brownlow</span> made an awkward attempt last week to caricature a +person who was hung some years ago in North Carolina, whom he +termed the cousin of Col. <span class="smcap">Johnson</span>. But it turns out to have +been the nephew of Gen. <span class="smcap">Winfield Scott</span>, a distinguished Coon +leader. Poor <span class="smcap">Brownlow</span>!—it ought to be his time next. Wonder +how many hen-roosts he robbed last summer?"</p> + +<p>"We have nothing to do with whose time it is to be hung next, +nor with the number of hen-roosts robbed, nor by whom robbed, +but we will take occasion to correct the 'Sentinel' as to the +person hung here 'some years ago.'</p> + +<p>"In the spring of 1841, a man named <span class="smcap">Madison Johnson</span> was hung in +this place for the murder of <span class="smcap">Henry Beasley</span>, but we were not +aware that he was any relation of Col. <span class="smcap">Johnson</span>, if it be meant +thereby Col. <span class="smcap">R. M. Johnson</span>, of Kentucky. He was, however, +connected with <span class="smcap">A. Johnson</span>, the candidate for Congress in the +Jonesboro' District, <span class="smcap">Madison</span> and he being first cousins.</p> + +<p>"The last man hung in this place by the name of <span class="smcap">Scott</span>, was +<span class="smcap">Mason Scott</span>, in 1820, and if the 'Sentinel' means to reflect +upon the Whig party by saying he was a nephew of Gen. <span class="smcap">Winfield +Scott</span>, a 'distinguished Coon leader,' we are willing for him to +indulge in such misstatements.</p> + +<p>"IF THE 'SENTINEL' HAD TAKEN THE TROUBLE TO CONSULT MR. A. +JOHNSON ON THE SUBJECT, HE WOULD HAVE SATISFIED HIM OF THE +FACTS, AS HE WAS IN THIS CITY ABOUT THE TIME MADISON WAS +EXECUTED."</p></div> + +<p>It will be seen, that while Johnson was uttering his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> <i>solemn but false +denial</i> at Jonesborough, he <i>knew he was lying</i>, for he was in Raleigh +"<i>about the time Madison was executed!</i>"</p> + +<p>But we told our friends to hold on, to have patience, and to give us +time, and we would make good our charge. Accordingly, in the same issue +in which we brought out this extract from the Raleigh Register, we +published the following letter from Gov. <span class="smcap">Morehead</span>, in answer to one we +had written him:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class="right"><span class="smcap">Raleigh</span>, 24th April, 1843.</p> + +<p class="right">[<span class="smcap">Executive Office.</span>]</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours +of the 14th inst., requesting me to inform you what was the +name of the man hung in Raleigh in the spring of 1841.</p> + +<p>"His name was MADISON JOHNSON. His case was taken to the +Supreme Court, and you will find it reported, December Term, +1840, vol. 1st, page 354, Iredell's Reports.</p> + +<p>"He was hung for the murder of Henry Beasley. A strong effort +was made to procure a pardon for him; but believing his case a +clear murder, I refused to grant it.</p> + +<p>"The only man named Scott that was ever convicted of murder at +this place, was Mason Scott, in 1820.</p> + +<p>"You will find his case reported in the reports of the Supreme +Court, January Term, 1820, 1st Stark's Reports, page 24.</p> + +<p>"I am not aware that any other man named Scott was ever +convicted of a capital offence in this county.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"I have the honor to be</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"Your most ob't serv't,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"J. M. MOREHEAD."</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"Rev. <span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>In conclusion, after this letter appeared, and Johnson was elected, he +sent an appointment to Raleigh, for a speech—attended there, and +blackguarded and vilified "Morehead and Brownlow" for two hours. He made +the <i>letter</i> of Morehead the pretext for his abuse, but the real cause +was the Governor's refusal to <i>pardon his cousin</i>. Johnson was there to +procure his pardon, and brought every appliance to bear within his +power, but the North Carolina Governor was inflexible in the discharge +of his sworn duty! We do not make the point against Johnson that he has +<i>mean kin</i>, only so far as it may <i>offset</i> his abuse of others, for who +of us are without mean kinsfolks? But our point is, his <i>deliberate +lying</i> before a Jonesboro' audience!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p> +<h4>From the Knoxville Whig of Dec. 1, 1855.]</h4> + +<h2>GOVERNOR JOHNSON'S THANKSGIVING DAY.</h2> + + +<p>As the sixth of the present month has been set apart by our Governor, to +be observed as a day of prayer and thanksgiving to Almighty God for his +numerous and unmerited mercies conferred upon the people of our State +and nation; and as it is desirable that the different sects shall act in +concert on the occasion, and at least pray "with the understanding," +that is to say, <i>appropriately</i>, we have been at the trouble to prepare +a form of prayer for the occasion. This we do in no irreverend spirit, +but in all candor and sincerity, after this wise:</p> + +<p>ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, in whom we live, and move, and have our +being: we, thy needy creatures, render thee our humble praises, for thy +preservation of us from the beginning of our lives to this day of public +thanksgiving, and especially for having delivered us from all the +dangers and afflictions of the year about to close. By thy knowledge, +most gracious God, the depths were broken up during the past seed-time +and harvest, and the rains descended: while by night the clouds +distilled the gentle dew, filling our barns with plenty: thus crowning +the year with thy goodness, in the increase of the ground, and the +gathering in of the fruits thereof. And we beseech thee, O most merciful +Father, give us a just sense of this great mercy: such as may appear in +our lives, by an humble, holy, and obedient walking before thee all our +days!</p> + +<p>To thy watchful providence, O most merciful God, we are indebted for all +our mercies, and not any works or merit of ours; for many of us entered +into the scramble to elevate to the Executive Chair of the State the +present incumbent, with a perfect knowledge that he had abused thy Son, +<span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>, our Lord, on the floor of our State Senate, as a swindler, +advocating unlawful interest: we knew that he had voted in Congress +against offering prayers to thee: we knew that he had opposed the +temperance cause, which is the cause of God and of all mankind: we knew +that he had vilified the Protestant religion, and slandered the +Protestant clergy, defending and eulogizing the corruptions of the +Roman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> Catholic Church, throughout the length and breadth of our State; +yet such was the force of party ties, O most mighty God, that we went +into the support of our <span class="smcap">Infidel Governor</span> blind, and, by our zeal in his +behalf, gave the lie to our professions of piety, rendered ourselves +hateful in the eyes of all honest and consistent men, meriting a degree +of punishment we have never received! We do most heartily repent, O +merciful God, for these shameful sins: we humble ourselves in lowest +depths of humility, and ask forgiveness of a God whom we have justly +provoked to anger, and the forgiveness of our insulted brethren, whom we +have wickedly blackguarded, to the great injury of the cause of Christ!</p> + +<p>O most merciful God, who art of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, turn +not a deaf ear to our supplications on this day, because the day has +been set apart by a Governor who really does not subscribe to the +Christian religion; does not attend Divine service; who swears +profanely; and has insulted Heaven and outraged the feelings of all +pious Christians, by teaching the blasphemous sentiment that +Christianity is of no higher or holier origin than his Democracy! Have +mercy, our Father and God, upon that portion of this congregation who +have endeavored to find peace to their souls by travelling along the +"converging lines" of a spurious Democracy, in search of the foot of +"Jacob's Ladder," and give them repentance and better minds! And do +thou, O God of pity, show all such, that instead of ascending to heaven +on an imaginary "Ladder," they are chained fast to the Locomotive of +Hell, with the Devil for their Chief Engineer, the Pope of Rome as +Conductor, and an ungodly Governor as Breakman; and that, at more than +railroad speed, they are driving on to where they are to be eternally +punished by Him whom thou hast appointed the Judge of quick and dead, +thy Son <span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>, our Lord. Amen!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p> +<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig of May 24, 1856.]</h4> + +<h2>THE FOREIGN SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED.</h2> + + +<p>The following correspondence will explain itself, whilst it will serve +to show the spirit which governs this Bogus Foreign Catholic Democracy:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Richmond</span>, April 21, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Rev. and dear Sir</span>:—It cannot be unkind in me, though +personally unknown to you, to address you on a subject in which +our peace as citizens is alike concerned. I see in the +Fincastle Democrat of 18th inst. what purports to be a review +of an article of yours in the Knoxville Whig of 5th inst., in +which I suppose, from the remarks contained in the Democrat, I +have been very, <i>very</i> severely handled by you, for an offence +I never committed. You will allow me to say, sir, that I have +no recollection of ever writing or speaking a disrespectful +word of you in all my life, but, on the contrary, have +frequently spoken approvingly of much you have written. Such +being the fact, you will not be surprised to learn how deeply I +regret that the purest innocence on my part has failed to be a +protection against personal abuse. That you have been misled by +some person, is to my mind very plain, and if, through the +influence of another, you have inflicted a wound upon one that +never harmed you, nor ever designed to harm you, is it not +within the range of a generous nature—of an honest man—to +repair the injury by at once giving up to the injured party the +name of the deceiver, or publish him to the world as authority +for the assault, and let him assume its responsibilities?</p> + +<p>In a change of circumstances, I should feel bound, by the honor +of a man, to do that much, and in my present relation to the +case I ask nothing more. It is perhaps due to you to be +informed, that I have not seen your article, nor do I know a +word it contains, and it is due to myself to say that I knew +nothing of the article in the Democrat assailing you, till I +saw it in print some hundred of miles from home, where I have +not yet arrived after an absence of nearly two months. On the +subject of dues, I may add that it is due to the public that +the name of the deceiver be given them. I of course suppose him +to be a man of great personal courage, ready to assume all his +own responsibilities. In conclusion, permit me to say, that any +effort on your part to aid in concealing the hand that uses the +dagger in the dark, will detract largely from the estimate I +have placed upon your character, as a man without hesitation or +fear, when the claims of justice are presented. My address is +Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., and I am very respectfully,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">S. D. HOPKINS.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Knoxville</span>, May 21st, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. S. D. Hopkins:</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>—Through the weakness, mismanagement, and culpable remissness of the +contemptible Jesuit now at the head of the Post<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> Office Department, and +his numerous lackeys—all of whom you sustain in their politics—a +letter written by you one month ago was received a few days since, while +I was absent at a Know Nothing Convention, aiding my political brethren +in placing before the people of this Congressional District an electoral +candidate, to aid in the great Christian and patriotic work of +overthrowing the corrupt, profligate, unprincipled, Foreign Catholic +Bogus Democratic party, of which <i>you</i> are a member, and in the service +of which you are an editor! But my delay in replying to your letter +shall be atoned for in the <i>length</i> and <i>plainness</i> of my reply.</p> + +<p>It is true, sir, that I published an editorial in my paper, of some +severity against you; but the article was in <i>reply</i> to a low, cowardly, +and abusive editorial against me in the "Fincastle Democrat," of which +you are the editor. And "you will allow me to say, sir," that at the +time this attack was made upon me in <i>your</i> paper, I never had said a +word about you or your paper in my life, either "good, bad, or +indifferent;" and "if through the influence of another you have +inflicted a wound upon one that never harmed you, is it not within the +range of a generous nature—of an honest man"—to repair the injury by +taking back the article, and apologizing through the same medium for the +injury? If, however, you believe you have not "been misled by some +person," and have done me no more than justice in that abusive article, +hold on to it. Having made oath that the horse is <i>fifteen feet high</i>, +allow of no correction!</p> + +<p>In all frankness, you must permit me to say, that I believe you expected +to find in the office on your return to Fincastle, a letter from me +demanding your authority for admitting into your paper such an article +against me, who, as you very well knew, up to that hour had never said +one word, publicly or privately, against you or your paper. I think you +concluded to <i>take the start of me</i>, and thus to <i>forestall</i> me, by +writing from Richmond some twenty-four hours before you would arrive at +home!</p> + +<p>In your paper of the 18th of April, issued only three days before this +letter was written at Richmond, an editorial of half a column appears, +in which <i>your</i> paper styles me a "notorious blackguard"—a "bullying +blackguard"—an "unwanted and lying man"—who "is mean enough to lie, +cheat, or even steal"—a man "wearing the garb of righteousness to serve +the Devil in;" and in the same article, the case of a Locofoco editor, +who was involved in a shooting scrape on account of his attack upon a +lady, is actually attributed to <span class="smcap">me</span>! Although you are a Reverend +Methodist Preacher, and a grave and dignified Steam Doctor, conducting +one of the organs of the Foreign and Anti-American party in Virginia, +you must pardon me for saying, as I now do, that in calling upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> me for +my authority for what I had said in reply to the unmitigated abuse of +<i>your</i> paper, you have proven to my mind, that if you do not possess the +cool and collected impudence of the <i>Devil</i>, you are at least possessed +of the lion-headed impudence of an unprincipled Sag Nicht partisan, +hired to do the dirty work of an equally unprincipled and dirty +organization!</p> + +<p>But it is due to the history of this controversy that I should say, this +second attack upon me sets forth that you are from home, and that "the +<i>Junior</i> is responsible for the article." This might be credited, if, on +your return home, you had protested against such abuse, but it seems +from your silence to have met with your heart's approval, and gave +"general satisfaction," at least to <i>you</i>! It is true that you were +absent at the time of both these publications, but it does not follow, +as a matter of course, that you were not the veritable author, and that +they did not find their way to the "Democrat" office at the same time +and in the same way that your "Baltimore Correspondence" got there. The +"Junior," as he styles himself, claims the fraternity; and were it not +that he is too well known in Fincastle for any sane man to believe that +<i>he</i> wrote the articles, he might have the credit (if credit there be +attached to it) of so low, malicious, and lying articles. But he is +known in Fincastle to be a brainless man, and to be incapable of writing +a paragraph on any subject. He is known to have no use of language, and +to be incapable of applying epithets to any one. So that, if <i>you</i> did +not write these articles, they were manufactured at "Irish Corner," in +Fincastle, your "Junior" not being able to do it, for the reason that he +is wholly incapable. My opinion is, that the articles were manufactured +by the "Great Mogul" of the Anti-American party in your town, and if he +will only avow himself the author, I will make some disclosures upon him +that will make him wish himself back in "Swate Ireland," where he +"lives, and moves, and has his being;" no disclosures are necessary—his +books, and his person, damn him to everlasting infamy. He has the +filthiest-looking mouth, and the most offensive breath, of any man in +the Valley of Virginia. No man who knows him will meet him square on the +pavement, or place himself in a position, if it can be avoided, of +meeting a breeze from that great reservoir of all nastiness, his mouth! +It is really a wonder how any human being can <span class="smcap">live</span>, and emit all the +time a stream of such overwhelming and uninterrupted <span class="smcap">stench</span>! You must +permit me to christen this man as the But-Cut of Original Sin, and the +Upper-crust of all Nastiness!</p> + +<p>It may not set well upon your stomach, that being a "Minister of the +Gospel, and having the care of souls," I should seem not to place +implicit confidence in your denial of any participation in this +unprovoked war upon me. I will be candid with you, and though<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> it is +possible for me to be mistaken in my views, still, if I am, I am +honestly deceived. I have no confidence in the moral honesty and +Christian integrity of any Protestant Preacher, of any denomination, in +this country, who openly arrays himself against the American party, and +takes the side of the Catholics, Foreigners, and self-styled Democrats +associated with them. Nor will I hear one such preach or pray, if I know +him to be such, and can get out of his hearing. The growing light and +improvements of this age forbid that an intelligent and pious man and +minister should identify himself with that party. And the fiery genius, +corrupting tendencies, and uncompromising intolerance of that party, are +rapidly driving good and true men out of the party.</p> + +<p>There never was a time since the division of parties in this country, +when I had so little confidence in what is called the Democratic party +as at present; and as at present organized and constituted, I believe it +to be the most corrupt organization. It is made up of the odds and ends +of all factions and parties on the continent, and is one of the most +anomalous combinations of fanaticism, idolatry, prostitution, crime, and +absurdities conceivable! The <i>isms</i> composing the party of which you are +a member, are: Abolitionism; Free-soilism; Agrarianism; Fourieritism; +Millerism; Radicalism; Woman's Rightsism; Mobism; Mormonism; +Spiritualism; Locofocoism; Higher-Lawism; Foreign Pauperism; +Anti-Americanism; Roman Catholicism; Deism, and modern Sag Nichtism! All +this tide of fanaticism and error, originating North of Mason and +Dixon's Line, went for Pierce in the last Presidential contest: they are +with that party now, against the American party; and it is bad company +in which to find a Protestant minister! Yet, miserable Protestants +hesitate not to commend these enemies of the natural rights of man, and +of the Christian religion, as being just as good Christians as their +neighbors!</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Oh! judgment, thou hast fled to brutish beasts;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And men have not their reason!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>But, Doctor, why were you at Baltimore? Why, sir, during the past year, +you and other conscientious Methodists took it into your heads to +arraign a young man who was travelling your circuit, Mr. Hall, and, for +the Church's good, to have him expelled, whose great sin was that he was +a <i>Know-Nothing</i>, or sympathized with the Order! The authorities of the +Church, after a patient hearing of the whole case, pro and con, +acquitted the young man. You followed him up to the Annual Conference, +as the representative of and attorney for Sag Nichtism. The Conference +acquitted the young preacher again, and sent him to an enlightened +circuit in Maryland. This so offended you, and your patriotic, not to +say <i>pious</i> associates, that, for the Church's good, they resigned +their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> stewardship in the Church, and were so offended at the course of +the Presiding Elder, <i>Rev. M. Goheen</i>, than whom there is not a more +modest, unassuming, conservative Christian gentleman in the Valley of +Virginia, that, at a recent Quarterly Meeting there, they refused to +attend church, or to hear him preach. This is just the spirit that +actuates your party, everywhere.</p> + +<p>You demand of me the name or names of such person or persons as have +given me information in reference to you. Reconsider this demand, if you +please, and ask yourself if, under all the circumstances, it is not a +cool piece of impudence. I have published nothing about you upon the +authority of others, but upon my own authority and responsibility. You +<i>suspect</i> some of your neighbors for writing to me, and hence you make +this demand. It is true, I have friends in Fincastle, and some of these +write to me, and when I publish any thing about you, or any one of your +associates, and give these friends of mine as authority, I will give you +their names, if called upon to do so; or I will assume the +responsibility myself. What I have said in reply to the wicked, +slanderous, and cowardly assault upon me, in the dirty paper controlled +by you, I have said upon my own responsibilities, as a man, and as a +member of the same Church to which you belong; and whether my "peace as +a citizen" is preserved or destroyed, I am not the man to be intimidated +or driven from my position. My failure to give you the names of any +citizens of your vicinity, who may have written me private letters, +relating to your war upon young Hall, the Circuit Preacher, "will +detract largely from the estimate you have placed upon my character." +This I am sorry to hear, as I do not wish to fall below the "estimate" +placed upon my character in the two issues of your paper, now before me! +This would be reaching "a lower deep," as the poet classically styles +it!</p> + +<p>Now, sir, I have a letter from a town in Virginia, not far distant from +Fincastle, written by a gentleman of as "great personal courage" as you +or myself, who states, that a gentleman who was present at the trial of +Rev. Mr. Hall, heard you make the assertion, on that occasion, that you +alone were responsible for all the editorials that appeared in the +"Democrat," and that the "Junior" partner was not! If you think proper +to make an issue with this gentleman, you can have his name!</p> + +<p>I am, Dr. Hopkins, your humble servant,</p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><i>Editor of the Knoxville Whig.</i></span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p> +<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig.]</h4> + +<h2>TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Villainous Sir</span>:—Letters from my friends in the West inform me that you +are making a full team in the service of the Devil, Locofocoism, and +crime, in portions of Missouri and Kentucky! You have recently held +forth in Charleston, a pleasant post-village, the capital of Mississippi +county, Missouri, about six miles south-west of the "Father of Waters!" +In that town you undertook to inform the good people, the Circuit Judge +being present, <i>who I am</i>, and to demonstrate that I am not entitled to +credit in any thing I say! You claimed to have once lived in East +Tennessee—to know the people and the country—and to have known William +T. Senter and James Y. Crawford, two other Methodist preachers, whose +<i>pedigrees</i> you pretend to give!</p> + +<p>Mr. Senter was an able man—a moral and upright man—and a Whig +Representative in Congress, from the District you represented <i>in the +jail of Sullivan county</i>, for a long time previous to your being +<i>branded in the hand and on the cheeks</i>, for MANSLAUGHTER, the +particulars of which I will remind you of before I close this familiar +letter! Mr. Senter could have gone to Congress longer, but voluntarily +retired. Mr. Crawford was a brother-in-law to Mr. Senter, and was a +preacher of respectable talents, and in good standing in his Church. +They are both in their graves, beyond the reach of your malice, where +the sound of your infamous voice, and the words of your lying tongue, +can never penetrate their ears! But I am still above ground, daily +kicking, and making war upon the Locofoco Paupers and Foreign Catholics, +as well as Native Traitors, with whom you are associated, and with whom +you act in politics. I acknowledge myself to be game for you to hunt +down!</p> + +<p>You are now a <i>Campbellite preacher</i> as well as a <i>Sag Nicht +Missionary</i>; and the garb of religion you wear, gives a degree of weight +to your falsehoods and slanders, among strangers, that they otherwise +would not have. The idea of "<i>Stev Tribble</i>," who ingloriously fled from +this country for crimes he could not meet in open court, being a +preacher, and itinerating through the West, "in search of the lost sheep +of the house of Israel," is so ridiculous, as scarcely to be believed at +all, although there is no doubt but what he has been regularly installed +in Kentucky, and now has the "care of souls."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p> + +<p>Why, you unmitigated old villain, your whole career, from your "youth +up," has been one of crime and revolting blackguardism. While a boy and +a young man, where Hoss's school was taught in Washington county, your +vulgar conversation, immoral practices, indecent habits, and +blackguardism, disgusted the entire neighborhood, and rendered you so +odious that no decent family would board you! All the waters of the +far-famed <i>Jordan</i>, in the palmiest days of that bold stream, were not +sufficient to wash your sins away! If the Lord Bishop of London were to +<i>immerse</i> you as often as "seventy times seven," in the waters of "bold +Jordan," and in the name of the holy Trinity, you would still remain +what you were when you fled from this country to avoid the extreme +penalty of the law—one of the greatest scoundrels for whom Christ died!</p> + +<p>Yourself and half-brother <i>Havron</i> were confined in Blountville Jail, +for the murder of <i>William Humphreys</i>, a promising young man, whom you +brutally assaulted and murdered in open daylight in the streets of +Kingsport, in Sullivan county, and without provocation! <i>You</i> were tried +and convicted of <i>manslaughter</i>, and branded in the <i>hand</i> and on the +<i>cheek</i>. After being branded, you <i>bit the letters out of your hand</i>, +and <i>clawed them out of your face</i>, but the <i>scars</i> are to be seen in +both. Indeed, I have been written to, to know why these scars are on +your face! I take this method of answering those inquiries; and +publishing them in my "Whig," which has a circulation of 5,000, and our +"Campaigner," which circulates 7,000 copies, I shall be able to +introduce you to as many persons as may have heard you preach my +funeral.</p> + +<p>While in the Blountville Jail, with your half-brother, Havron, whose +blow killed Humphreys, after you had weakened him, you caught hold of +the jailor, Montgomery Irvin, and held him in a scuffle, when he entered +the room with your dinner, until Havron made his escape. Havron would +have pulled hemp, had he not escaped; and had our penitentiary system +existed at that time, you would have been sentenced for life! But you +would not have remained there longer than the past summer, as we have a +Governor who pardons out all such men, and has more sympathies for them +than any other Executive Officer in the nation. You have a half-brother +who is a Sag Nicht member of our Legislature, and a great friend and +supporter of our Governor and his foreign associates, and he could have +turned you out and procured for you an office if you had remained. But +then you followed the teachings of "the spirit" of Sag Nichtism, in +leaving between two days, and emigrating to Kentucky, as many precious +souls would never have "heard the word," or had their sin washed away, +but for you!</p> + +<p>In an unmentionable and disgraceful enterprise, you became possessed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> of +a <i>broken leg</i>, and were mean enough to abscond without paying the bill +of your physician, Dr. Patton, whose unremitting attention saved you +from your grave, and from the clutches of the Devil, sooner than the old +fellow was prepared for your reception! If you had the honor of a first +class thief, you would pay this medical bill out of the proceeds of the +first public collection you take up, either in Missouri or Kentucky. And +if you suffer it to go unpaid until your infinitely infernal career is +wound up, the Day of Judgment will disclose the manner of your breaking +your leg! If I were you, I would sooner pay this bill now, than to be +asked in the great day how my leg was broken!</p> + +<p>Disgraced as you are, unprincipled and villainous, you have gone into +Kentucky, taken upon yourself "holy orders," and married a wife, +imposing most shamefully upon the family into which you married. The +woman you have thus imposed upon, would be justifiable now, in the eyes +of both God and man, in forsaking you and applying for a divorce. And no +court or jury would refuse her application, when made acquainted with +your character.</p> + +<p>It is a remarkable fact—one that I desire to call, not so much to your +notice, as to the notice of the public generally—that while all the +members of this Foreign Democratic party are by no means villains, +destitute of principle; yet, all the assassins, cut-throats, thieves, +and hypocrites in the country have crowded into the ranks of that party! +Fawned upon, fostered and pampered by the villainous leaders, +demagogues, and tricksters of the party, who need the services of all +such scavengers, you are encouraged to act with them. These leaders, who +are really no better than you are, <i>generously</i> admit you to a +fellowship, and <i>courteously</i> acknowledge all such abandoned rascals to +be their equals! Such men, to a great extent, now constitute the +free-democracy of the country—they desecrate the ballot-box—disgust +decent men wherever they come in contact with them—blaspheme the name +of God—and swear that they will either rule or ruin the country!</p> + +<p>But, Sir, it was said of a certain man in the Scriptures, that he was a +"sinner above all the sinners that dwell in Jerusalem." So it may in +perfect truth be said of you, that you are a scoundrel above all the +scoundrels in the hateful ranks of Sag Nichtism. You deserve, for your +depraved course of life, a greater punishment than you have received or +are likely to receive in this life. The guilt of foul calumny, of the +most black and odious kind, attaches to every sentence uttered by your +lying tongue. Guilt, the offspring of fiend-like malice, shamefully +false, deeply corrupt, and badly matured: perfidy, dishonesty, and rank +poison—hot incense of murder, theft, inhuman spoliation, and deep, dark +forebodings of damnation have been rooted and grounded in your heart, +for lo!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> these many years! Dark despair, endless death, inexpressible +misery, manifold, and worse than death, follow in the ghastly train of +your crimes, and riot in your corrupt bosom, as with infernal +drunkenness of delight! The record of your deep depravity, of your utter +want of principle, and of your ten thousand villainous exploits, is +<i>stereotyped</i> upon the burning sands of eternity, and stamped on the +imperishable walls of the <i>rotunda</i> of the Devil's Hell, to which you +are driving at railroad speed! In upper East Tennessee, where you are +known, it would disgrace an <i>Algerine Bandit</i> to sit and hear you +pretend to preach! <i>You</i> pretend to preach Christ and him crucified, and +<i>immerse</i> persons in the name of the Trinity! Shrouded in the <i>sackcloth +and ashes</i> of disgrace, enclosed in a <i>vault</i> filled to the brim with +<i>buried and putrefied venality</i>, and steeped to the very nose and chin +in crime, how dare you attempt to preach!</p> + +<p>I repeat, you vile slanderer of the living and the dead, that, in +justice to the cause of God and of civilization, I will keep spread the +unfurled banner of your infamy on every breeze, and cause it to float in +the atmosphere of every State in this Union, until your very <i>name</i> +becomes a mockery and a by-word! And I call upon the people of Kentucky +and Missouri to ring the loud knell of your infamy, from steep to steep, +and from valley to valley, until their swelling sounds are heard in +startling echoes, mingling with the rush of the criminal's torrent, and +the mighty cataract's earthquake-voice!</p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><i>Editor of the Knoxville Whig.</i></span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">June 7th, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p> +<h2>AN EXPOSE OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM.</h2> + + +<p>The following articles, setting forth the <span class="smcap">designs</span> and <span class="smcap">tendency</span> of +Romanism in the United States, appeared in the "<span class="smcap">Knoxville Whig</span>" of May +and June, 1856, and will speak for themselves. The writer has opposed +the Papal Hierarchy for twenty years; and in a series of articles, now +filed in a number of the "<span class="smcap">Jonesborough Whig</span>," published <i>sixteen years +ago</i>, he <i>predicted</i> that the very state of things we are now realizing +would come upon us as soon as the year 1860, and that the party calling +itself by the revered name of <i>Democrat</i>, would identify itself with +political Romanism!</p> + + +<h3>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.—NO. I.</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The American Party and the Religious Test—The Louisiana +Delegation and the Gallican Catholics—The vote of the +Philadelphia Convention to admit the Louisiana Delegates—The +American Councils in Louisiana—Catholics proper cannot be true +citizens of a Republic.</p></div> + +<p>It is sometimes said by the Anties, that the American party, at their +late Philadelphia Convention, dismissed the Catholic Question from their +platform, and that they admitted into their Council a Catholic +Delegation from Louisiana. We were in that Convention, from the hour of +its opening until its final close, and we deny both statements. The +fifth and tenth sections of the platform adopted at Philadelphia, and +for which we voted, are in the following words, and they express all our +platform says upon that subject:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>5th. No person should be selected for political station, +(whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any +allegiance or obligation of any description to any foreign +prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the +Federal and State Constitutions (each within its sphere) as +paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.</p> + +<p>10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no +interference with religious faith or worship, and no tests +oaths for office.</p></div> + +<p>The American party was against political Romanism—against all who +acknowledge any allegiance to a foreign Prince, Potentate, or Power; or +who acknowledge any authority on earth, higher<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> and more binding than +the Constitutions of our States, and General Government. And those who +are familiar with the temporal assumptions of Popery, and the political +intrigues of the Order of Jesuits, can have no other feelings than those +of disgust, upon hearing the Locofoco demagogues of the country cry out +against the American party for their opposition to the poor Catholics! +Against Popes confined to <i>Rome</i>, we make no war; but against Popes +usurping civil and spiritual authority, in America, we protest most +solemnly, and intend to make war, unrelenting and unceasing war!</p> + +<p>The Louisiana Delegation, five in number, were <i>two</i> Methodist—<i>one</i> +Old School Presbyterian—one Episcopalian—and the other, Mr. Eustes, a +member of Congress, not a member of any Church. Those gentlemen +presented their credentials for admission, and they were objected to, +because Roman Catholics were admitted into the Order by the Louisiana +State Council. A warm debate ensued, on a motion to admit the +Delegation, on their credentials, which finally prevailed, by yeas 67, +nays 50, many of the members having left for their lodgings, because of +the lateness of the hour, and of their fatigue. <i>We</i> were in favor of +their admission, and so was Mr. Nelson, of East Tennessee, and we both +claim to be <i>ultra</i> Protestant, if the reader please.</p> + +<p>The "Catholicism" of Louisiana, we wish it borne in mind—that is the +Gallican wing of the Church—is a very different species of +"Catholicism" from that of our Irish and German Hierarchy taught in this +country, under the training of Archbishop Hughes and Monseigneur Bedini, +the Pope's villainous Nuncio. The French Gallican Church has so little +respect for the Pope of Rome, that when the King of Sardinia was in +Paris, less than twelve months ago, though he was under the interdict of +a Papal Bull of excommunication from Pius IX., the Gallican Archbishops +of Pius, and other Priests associated with them, visited him regularly, +and tendered him unbounded courtesies and honors. The Gallican wing of +the Catholic Church of France is liberal, as well as hostile to the +insulting claims and pretensions of the Pope. But it is diluted still +more with liberality, and with opposition to these claims of the Pope, +among the French Creoles of Louisiana. Most of them, though Roman +Catholics by name, from being educated in the forms of the Roman Church, +have just about as much respect for Rome, and confidence in the Pope, as +we have, and God knows that is very little. They denounce Papal Bulls, +interdicts, and Nuncios. They throw off all temporal and spiritual +allegiance to the Pope—the civil authorities of the United States with +them are supreme—they are American born—and hence, our platform does +not exclude them, and consequently they were admitted at Philadelphia, +or, which is the same, their representatives.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p> + +<p>In 1652, under Louis XIV., the Gallican clergy met in Paris, and adopted +the following point: "That the Pope has no power, of <i>Divine right</i>, to +interfere with the temporal affairs of independent States." Thus, the +Catholics of Louisiana rejecting the doctrine of the temporal power of +the Pope, are not proscribed by the American party. They constitute a +sound portion of the American party.</p> + +<p>Mr. Lathrop, a Presbyterian Elder, and a Delegate from Louisiana, read +to the Convention from the ritual of the subordinate organizations of +the American party of Louisiana, and showed that, while it admitted +those to membership who professed the Roman Catholic religion, IT +REQUIRED OF THEM THE DENIAL OF ALLEGIANCE TO ANY TEMPORAL AUTHORITY NOT +COGNIZABLE IN THE STATE AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS; and from each +secured a pledge, UPON OATH, that they would not divulge the secrets of +the Order! He defended the Louisiana Catholics, as being true Americans, +recognizing no civil or spiritual power in their Priests, and resisting +every attempt, whether by a Bishop or Priest, to interfere with the +institutions of our country. He cited cases which had occurred in +Louisiana, of controversies between the Clergy and Laity, for the +control of Church property, and the decisions of courts over which +Gallican Catholic Judges presided, in favor of titles and control +vesting in Trustees, the Laity. He showed that the native Catholics of +Louisiana were the friends of common schools, and the advocates of +popular education. He proclaimed aloud that the native Catholics of his +State recognized no persons as proper depositaries of office, who +acknowledged an allegiance to any person, civil or ecclesiastical, +superior to that of the laws and Constitution of our country. He +proclaimed that the Nuncios of the Pope of Rome hated these Louisiana +Catholics, with a more perfect hatred than they did the "apostle +heretics" called Protestants! This speech was received with unbounded +applause, the question was called, and, as we have before stated, it was +sanctioned, very properly too, by a vote of 67 to 50!</p> + +<p>The American party not only advocate religious toleration, but religious +liberty, which is a very different thing. Toleration is not the word in +our vocabulary—it does not express enough, because it implies the right +to <i>permit</i> or <i>prohibit</i>. We contend for <span class="smcap">liberty</span>, the meaning of which +is, that men are not responsible <i>to each other, to Popes, Bishops, or +Priests</i>, for their religious opinions or practices, and that +consequently religion is not a subject of toleration.</p> + +<p>The Catholics, proper, have taken an oath of allegiance to the Pope of +Rome, a "foreign prince, potentate, and power," and their obligations to +him are higher, more sacred, and more binding, than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> any obligations +they can take upon them to support the laws and Constitution of this +country. These are the men that we refuse to vote for, or put in office. +They are not and cannot be true Americans. The oaths of the priests bind +them to war upon all Protestant sects, and upon all Republican powers of +Government. These oaths bind them to the foot of the Papal Throne; and +with these oaths upon their souls, they cannot be true citizens of this +Republic without perjury. And if guilty of perjury, the State prison +should be their residence.</p> + +<p>In our next, we shall consider this subject more at length, in +connection with the oath of allegiance to our country, and the Catholic +evasion of that oath.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION—No. 2.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Ambiguous terms in swearing—The case of Judge Gaston—Temporal +power of the Pope—Catholic authorities in Europe—The spirit +of the Catholic press in America!</p></div> + + +<p>We are told by the Democratic sympathizers with the Catholics, that all +Catholic emigrants to this country take an oath of allegiance to the +United States upon becoming naturalized. Yes, they do, and the oath +after it is taken, has no more weight with them, than has a +regular-built Know Nothing speech.</p> + +<p>Here is a paragraph from <span class="smcap">Sanchez</span>, the highest authority in the Catholic +Church, Pope Pius only excepted. This writer, "by authority," shows how +this oath of allegiance is evaded by a mental reservation:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is lawful to use ambiguous terms to give the impression a +different sense from that which you understand yourself. A +person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing, +though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on +a certain day, or before he was born, or by any other similar +circumstances, which gives another meaning to it. This is +extremely convenient, and always very just, when necessary to +your health, honor or prosperity."</p></div> + +<p>Here, then, we have it from the highest Catholic authority, that +Catholics are absolved from all allegiance to this government, because +they take the oath of allegiance without committing perjury, by the holy +process of a mental reservation—the use of "ambiguous terms," setting +forth one thing while they swear another! We have no doubt that Chief +Justice <span class="smcap">Taney</span>, a devoted Catholic of Baltimore, and now at the head of +the Supreme Court of the United States, took his oath of office +requiring him to support the Constitution, with this same mental +reservation. We have no doubt that those Catholic Judges upon the +Federal Bench in several States in the Union, and those Catholic +Attorney Generals, appointed to office by Mr. Pierce, so understood +their oaths of office, and of allegiance! And the practice of +Post-Master General Campbell, a bigoted Catholic, and a member of the +order of Jesuits, proves that he so understood his oath to support the +Constitution. As true Catholics, they are bound to swear with this +mental<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> reservation, because they could not owe allegiance to a +government of "heretics," such as they believe ours to be. As Catholics, +they are bound to overthrow our Constitution, and aid in the destruction +of our government.</p> + +<p>It is a matter of history that when the Legislature of North Carolina +elected Judge <span class="smcap">Gaston</span> to the Supreme Bench in that State, he hesitated as +to whether he would take the oath or not. And why? He was, although an +able man, and in all the private relations of life a most excellent man, +a decided and devoted Roman Catholic. This is not all. The oath of a +Judge in that State, which is not common in other States, requires the +man taking it to avow his belief in the Protestant religion. Judge +Gaston asked for a few days to consider—he went instantly to Baltimore, +as was believed, to consult the Catholic Bishop, who then resided +there—obtained a dispensation, as was supposed—wrote back that he +would accept the office—returned, was qualified, and to the day of his +death was on the Bench! This affair illustrates Romanism. And what Rome +was, she is, and always will be. Can Rome change? Can the Ethiopian +change his skin, or the leopard his spots?</p> + +<p>Here is what Philopater, an approved Catholic authority of the first +grade, says, touching the principle in controversy:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"All theologians and ecclesiastical lawyers affirm that every +Christian government, as soon as it openly abandons the <i>Romish +faith</i>, is instantly degraded from all power and dignity: all +the subjects are absolved from the oath of fidelity and +obedience which they have taken, and they may and ought, if +they have the power, to drive such government from every +Christian State, as an apostate, heretic, and deserter from +Jesus Christ. This certain and indubitable decision of all the +most learned men is perfectly conformed to the most apostolic +doctrines."</p></div> + +<p>Our Locofoco advocates of Romanism deny that the Pope lays claim to the +supremacy charged by the American party. On this point, we desire that +the Catholics may speak for themselves. One of their standard writers, +<span class="smcap">Farraris</span>, in his Ecclesiastical Dictionary, a work endorsed by their +Council of Bishops and Cardinals, under the article headed "Pope," uses +this emphatic and expressive language:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Pope is of such dignity and highness, that he is not +simply man, but, as it were, God, and the vicar of God. Hence +the Pope is such supreme and sovereign dignity, that, properly +speaking, he is not merely constituted in dignity, but is +rather placed on the very summit of dignities. Hence, also, the +Pope is rather father of fathers, and he alone can use this +name, because he only can be called father of fathers: since he +possesses the primacy over all, is truly greater than all, and +the greatest of all. He is called most holy, because he is +presumed to be such. On account of the excellency of his +supreme dignity, he is called bishop of bishops, ordinary of +ordinaries, universal bishop of the Church, bishop of diocesan, +of the whole world, divine monarch, supreme emperor, and king +of kings."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Peter Dens</span>, of Maynooth College notoriety, whose "Theology" is the +highest Catholic authority known this side of the Vatican at Rome, gives +entire the Bull of Pope Sixtus V. against the King of Navarre and the +Prince of Conde, whom he styles the <i>sons of wrath</i>. In this Bull, +issued in the year 1585, he says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The authority given to Saint Peter and his successors, by the +immense power of the eternal King, <i>excels all the power of +earthly kings and princes</i>. It passeth uncontrollable sentence +upon them all. And if it find any of them resisting God's +obedience, it takes more severe vengeance on them, casting them +down from their thrones, however powerful they may be, and +tumbling them down to the lowest parts of the earth, as the +ministers of aspiring Lucifer."</p></div> + +<p>Here is what <i>Daniel O'Connell</i> said so late as 1843, and he was a true +Catholic and a true exponent of this faith:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"You should do all in your power to carry out the intentions of +His Holiness the Pope. Where you have the electoral franchise, +give your votes to none but those who will assist you in so +holy a struggle.</p> + +<p>"I declare my most unequivocal submission to the Head of the +Church, and to the hierarchy in its different orders. If the +Bishop makes a declaration on this bill, I never would be heard +speaking against it, but would submit at once unequivocally to +that decision. They have only to decide, and I close my mouth: +they have only to determine, and I obey. I wish it to be +understood that <i>such is the duty of all Catholics</i>."—<i>Daniel +O'Connell</i>, 1843.</p></div> + +<p>Here comes one of the Pope's organs in France:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A heretic, examined and convicted by the Church, used to be +delivered over to the secular power and punished with death. +Nothing has ever appeared to us more necessary. More than one +hundred thousand persons perished in consequence of the heresy +of Wickliffe; a still greater number for that of John Huss; and +it would not be possible to calculate the bloodshed caused by +Luther; and it is not yet over."—<i>Paris Univers.</i></p> + +<p>"As for myself, what I regret, I frankly own, is that they did +not burn John Huss sooner, and that they did not likewise burn +Luther; this happened because there was not found some prince +sufficiently politic to stir up a crusade against +Protestants."—<i>Paris Univers.</i></p></div> + +<p>But here is the Pope himself arguing with the authorities already +quoted:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The absurd or erroneous doctrines or ravings in defence of +liberty of conscience, is a most pestilential error—a pest, of +all others, most to be dreaded in a State."—<i>Encyclical Letter +of Pope Pius IX., Aug.</i> 15, 1852.</p></div> + +<p>Now, let us hear their organs in our own country:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heresy and unbelief are crimes, and in Christian countries, +like Italy and Spain for instance, where all the people are +Catholics, and where the Christian religion is an essential +part of the law of the land, they are punished as other +crimes."—<i>R. C. Archbishop of St. Louis.</i></p> + +<p>"For our own part, we take this opportunity of expressing our +hearty delight at the suppression of the Protestant chapel at +Rome. This may be thought intolerant, but when, we would ask, +<i>did we ever profess to be tolerant of Protestantism</i>, or favor +the doctrine that Protestantism <i>ought to be tolerated</i>?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> On +the contrary, we hate Protestantism—we detest it with our +whole heart and soul, and we pray that our aversion to it may +never decrease. We hold it meet that in the Eternal City no +worship repugnant to <i>God</i> should be tolerated, and we are +sincerely glad that the enemies of truth are no longer allowed +to meet together in the capital of the Christian +world."—<i>Pittsburg Catholic Visitor</i>, 1848.</p> + +<p>"No good government can exist without religion; and there can +be no religion without an <i>Inquisition</i>, which is wisely +designed for the promotion and protection of the true +faith."—<i>Boston Pilot.</i></p> + +<p>"You ask, if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were +in a minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he +do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on +circumstances. If it would <i>benefit the cause of Catholicism</i>, +he would tolerate you—if expedient, he would imprison +you—banish you—possibly, <i>hang you</i>—but be assured of one +thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the +<i>'glorious principles' of civil and religious +liberty.</i>"—<i>Rambler.</i></p> + +<p>"Protestantism of every form has not and never can have any +rights where Catholicity is triumphant."—<i>Brownson's Quarterly +Review.</i></p> + +<p>"Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the lying +world, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of +the State, <i>summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the +Church, its divinely constituted judge</i>."—<i>Ibid.</i></p> + +<p>"I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church +without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection, +approval, and endorsement."—<i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<p>In view of the foregoing, and other facts and arguments which we will +hereafter present, we cannot be mistaken in our views of Roman +Catholicism. We cannot tamely surrender our dearest rights as +Protestants, without a struggle. We cannot cry peace, peace, when there +is no peace!</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Protestantism, of every kind, Catholicity inserts in her +catalogue of moral sins; she endures it when and where she +must; but she hates it, and directs all her energies to effect +its destruction."—<i>St. Louis Shepherd of the Valley.</i></p> + +<p>"Religious liberty, in the sense of a liberty possessed by +every man to choose his religion, is one of the most wretched +delusions ever foisted on this age by the father of +deceit."—<i>The Rambler</i>, 1853.</p> + +<p>"The Church is of necessity intolerant. Heresy she endures when +and where she must, but she hates it, and directs all her +energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an immense +numerical majority in this country, religious freedom is at an +end. So say our enemies. So say we."—<i>Shepherd of the Valley.</i></p> + +<p>"The liberty of heresy and unbelief is not a right.... All the +rights the sects have, or can have, are derived from the State, +and rest on expediency. As they have, in their character of +sects hostile to the true religion, no rights under the law of +nature or the law of God, they are neither wronged nor deprived +of liberty, if the State refuses to grant them any rights at +all."—<i>Brownson's Review, Oct., 1853</i>, p. 456.</p> + +<p>"The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap, +and shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"—<i>Ibid, October, 1852</i>, +pp. 554-8.</p> + +<p>"We think the 'masses' were never less happy, less respectable, +and less respected, than they have been since the reformation, +and particularly within the last fifty or one hundred years, +since Lord Brougham caught the mania of teaching them to read +and communicate the disease to a large proportion of the +English nation; of which, in spite of all our talk, we are +often the servile imitators."—<i>Shepherd of the Valley, Oct. +22, 1853.</i></p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION—No. 3.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Catholic Church supreme over all authorities—Meddling in +Political Contests—Brownson's Review and the Boston Pilot +reflecting the sentiments of that Church—Protestants +advocating Romanism—The Nashville Union in 1835.</p></div> + + +<p>The Anti-American, Foreign-loving, Catholic admirers of the Locofoco +school of politics, everywhere seek to frighten native Protestant +citizens with the bugbear cry of religious proscription. But let +Americans and Protestants watch with increased vigilance both the Roman +and Locofoco Jesuits around them. To call the damnable and accursed +system of political intrigue practised for past centuries by the Roman +Church by the term <i>Religion</i>, is a solemn mockery of the hallowed word. +Religion teaches love and obedience to God, and the legally constituted +authorities of the country. Romanism teaches fear of and obedience to a +crowned potentate called the Pope, and opposition to all Protestant +governments, as worthy to be cast down to hell! The one tends to free +and ennoble the soul: the other to enslave and debauch every faculty of +man's nature which likens him to the Almighty! The one is republican: +the other is barbaric, and at war with every principle of free +government!</p> + +<p>The American party does oppose and denounce Romanism <i>as a political +system at war</i> with American institutions; and we here ask candid men to +weigh the evidence we shall adduce to sustain this charge. We shall +quote none other than Roman Catholic authority—the organs of +Romanism—so as out of their own mouths to condemn them. Brownson's +Review is the accredited organ of Romanism in the United States. He +ostentatiously parades the names of the Archbishops and Bishops on the +cover of his Review, to give it the stamp of authority, and asserts in +the work:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">"I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church +without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection, +approval, and endorsement."</span></p></div> + +<p>Let us then look to his pages for an exposition of the doctrines of his +Church. In the January number for 1853, he says:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"For every Catholic at least, the Church is the supreme judge +of the extent and limits of her power. She can be judged by no +one; and this of itself implies her absolute supremacy, and +that the temporal order must receive its laws from her."</p></div> + +<p>The uniform practice of the Church of Rome has been, and still is, to +assert her power—not in <i>words</i>, but in <i>deeds</i>—to GIVE OR TAKE AWAY +CROWNS—to depose ungodly rulers, and to absolve their subjects from +their "horrible" <span class="smcap">oaths of allegiance</span>!</p> + +<p>Again, in the July number for 1853, Brownson says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church is supreme, and you have no power except what you +hold in subordination to her, either in spirituals or in +temporals.... You no more have political than ecclesiastical +independence. The Church alone, under God, is independent, and +she defines both your powers and hers."</p> + +<p>"They have heard it said from their youth up that the Church +has nothing to do with politics; that she has received no +mission in regard to the political order."</p> + +<p>"In opposing the nonjuring bishops and priests, they believed +they were only asserting their national rights as men, or as +the State, and were merely resisting the unwarrantable +assumption of the spiritual power. If they had been distinctly +taught that the political authority is always subordinate to +the spiritual, and had grown up in the doctrine that the nation +is not competent to define, in relation to the ecclesiastical +power, its own rights—that the Church defines both its powers +and her own, and that though the nation may be, and ought to +be, independent in relation to other nations, it has, and can +have, no independence in the face of the Church, the kingdom of +God on earth: they would have seen at a glance that support of +the civil authority against the spiritual, no matter in what +manner, was the renunciation of their faith as Catholics, and +the actual or virtual assertion of the supremacy of the +temporal power."</p></div> + +<p>In the same number, page 301, he says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"She (the Church) has the right to judge who has, or has not, +according to the law of God, the right to reign: whether the +prince has, by his infidelity, his misdeeds, his tyranny and +oppression, forfeited his trust, and lost his right to the +allegiance of his subjects; and therefore whether they are +still held to their allegiance, or are released from it by the +law of God. If she have the right to judge, she has the right +to pronounce judgment, and order its execution: therefore to +pronounce sentence of deposition upon the prince who has +forfeited his right to reign, and to declare his subjects +absolved from their allegiance to him, and free to elect +themselves a new sovereign."</p></div> + +<p>We might multiply authorities of this kind on this point, to an almost +indefinite extent, from the debate between Bishop Hughes and Mr. +Breckenridge, and the controversy between Hughes and Erastus Brooks, but +it is wholly unnecessary.</p> + +<p>As early as 1844, the Catholics took their stand as a body in the arena +of political strife; and the illustrious <span class="smcap">Clay</span> and the virtuous +<span class="smcap">Frelinghuysen</span> were the victims of their particular hostility. Mr. +Frelinghuysen was the President of the Board of Foreign Missions, and +this was made the <i>excuse</i> for the bitter animosity of the Catholic +press, and of the clergy and membership<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> of the Catholic sect, against +Mr. Clay. Brownson, in his July number for 1844, in the very heat of the +contest, thus assailed Mr. Clay:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"He is ambitious, but short-sighted. He is abashed by no +inconsistency, disturbed by no contradiction, and can defend, +with a firm countenance, without the least misgiving, what +everybody but himself sees to be a political fallacy or logical +absurdity.... He is no more disturbed by being convinced of +moral insensibility, than intellectual absurdity.... A man of +rare abilities, but apparently void of both moral and +intellectual conscience.... He is, therefore, a man whom no +power under that of the Almighty can restrain; he must needs be +the most dangerous man to be placed at the head of affairs it +is possible to conceive."</p></div> + +<p>The Boston Pilot, another Catholic organ, published under the eye of the +Bishop, discloses <i>the same plot</i>, in its issue for the 31st of October, +1844, only six days before the election! Here is what this organ said:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We say to all men in the United States, entitled to be +naturalized, become citizens while you can—let nothing delay +you for an hour—let no hindrance, short of mortal disease, +banish you from the ballot-box. To those who are citizens, we +say, vote your principles, whatever they may be—never desert +them—do not be wheedled or terrified—but vote quietly, and +unobtrusively. Leave to others the noisy warfare of words. Let +your opinions be proved by your deliberate and determined +action. We recommend you to no party; we condemn no candidate +but one, and he is Theodore Frelinghuysen. We have nothing to +say to him as a Whig—we have nothing to say to Mr. Clay or any +other Whig, as such—but to the President of the American Board +of Foreign Missions, the friend and patron of the Kirks and +Cones, we have much to say. We hate his intolerance—we dislike +his associates—and shudder at the blackness and bitterness of +that school of sectarians to which he belongs, and amongst whom +he is regarded as an authority."</p></div> + +<p>Protestants! do you hear that? Old Line Whigs! do you hear that? If so, +do you think that Americans are warring upon civil and religious +liberty, when they take an oath that they will rebuke such infamous +sentiments? These appeals of Brownson, Hughes, and the Pilot, had the +effect to defeat the Clay ticket in New York, and that State lost him +his election. The Catholics were all at the polls, and voted for Polk +and Dallas. On the 9th of November, 1844, Frelinghuysen wrote to Mr. +Clay as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"More than 3,000, it is confidently said, have been naturalized +in this city (New York) alone since the first of October. It is +an alarming fact that this foreign vote has decided the great +questions of American policy, and contracted a nation's +gratitude."</p></div> + +<p>And after they achieved the victory of 1844, Brownson came out with this +avowal:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heretofore we have taken our politics from one or another of +the parties which divide the country, and have suffered the +enemies of our religion to impose their political doctrine upon +us; but it is time for us to begin to teach<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> the country itself +those moral and political doctrines which flow from the +teachings of our own Church. We are at home here, wherever we +may have been born; this is our country, and as it is to become +THOROUGHLY CATHOLIC, we have a deeper interest in public +affairs than any other of our citizens. The sects are only for +a day; the Church for ever."</p></div> + +<p>When Gen. Cass made his speech in the Senate, in 1852, in favor of free +worship and the rights of conscience for Americans abroad, reflecting on +the Catholics by name, Brownson came out in his October number, and +said:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We are glad to see Gen. Cass laid on the shelf, for we can +never support a man who turns radical in his old age."</p></div> + +<p>In the same number, Brownson continues:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap and +shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"</p></div> + +<p>This too at the very time he was supporting the Democratic party in the +Presidential contest! He would sooner have heard the cry, "All hail, +Catholicism!" and he was only using Democracy as an instrument to +advance his primary wish!</p> + +<p>We offer no comments on the foregoing extracts, of our own, but leave +every reader to judge for himself. The price of liberty is eternal +vigilance. We apply the remark to religious as well as civil liberty. +All we ask of the people is to be vigilant. Do not support men at the +ballot-box who are in league with these enemies of our Republic, and of +the Protestant religion!</p> + +<p>Behold the enemy is at our gates! A foreign priest has been lecturing +here in Knoxville, within the last ten days, avowing sentiments similar +to these, and claiming that this country would ultimately become a +Catholic country! The crisis is approaching! Rouse up, Americans, and +hasten to your country's salvation! Not a moment is to be lost! <span class="smcap">God and +our country</span>, must be the watchword of every Christian and patriot, of +every political party in the land. America expects us all to do our +duty!</p> + +<p>And is there no cause for alarm?</p> + +<p>Eighteen months ago, a Protestant minister, Baptist, Methodist, or +Presbyterian, might expose Romanism, and warn his congregation against +its corrupting influences, for hours at a time—come down out of his +pulpit, and his congregation would, without distinction of party, say, +"Well done, good and faithful servant!"</p> + +<p>But let him now dare <i>allude</i> to Romanism—he offends one-half of his +congregation—he is <i>preaching</i> politics—they will hear him no more; or +forsooth, which is more common, they will withhold his support and +starve him out! Are not these signs alarming?</p> + +<p>But here in Tennessee, <i>Protestant</i> Tennessee, on the 15th of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> May, +1855, the <i>Nashville Daily Union</i>, the organ of the self-styled +Democratic party, came out at the Capital of the State with this daring +broadside against the Protestant clergy and their religion:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A Church that can boast of an existence of thirteen +centuries—passing through all the various vicissitudes of her +eventful career unscathed, can certainly show, with all her +atrocious barbarity, many bright spots which may be placed in +favorable contrast with the Protestant Church, with its +thousand and one wrangling sects. Men are beginning to see +through the transparent gauze that veils this Know-Nothing +movement. They are beginning to ask 'What has Protestantism +done for the world? What has she done to alleviate and elevate +the down-trodden? Is the race any better off for having +accepted her faith? <span class="smcap">These</span> REVEREND HYPOCRITES—these scribes +and pharisees, are treading on a terrible volcano. They will +find their treasonable schemes and infernal plotting against +the liberties of man tried and condemned by the pure light of +God's own truth and love, which shines and throbs in every +pulsation of humanity's heart. If Protestantism prove recreant +to her high trust, she will have to pass the ordeal of +enlightened public opinion and be consigned to her merited +obscurity.</p> + +<p>"Popery, with all its crimes against God and man, adapts itself +to the times and to the circumstances, and thus saves itself +from being absorbed in the mass of conflicting elements."</p></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p> + +<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION—No. 4.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>A Catholic Priest the Minister from the Rivas-Walker +Government—Nicaragua, Texas, and Gen. Jackson—Bishop Hughes +and Orestes Brownson—Buchanan bidding for the Catholic +vote—A. H. Stephens, of Georgia—Lord Baltimore and Religious +Toleration.</p></div> + + +<p>Three months ago, <span class="smcap">Parker H. French</span> arrived in Washington, as the +Representative of the Walker Government of Nicaragua—an American-born +citizen and a Protestant—but the Government declined to recognize him, +upon the ground that Walker's Government was not established even <i>de +facto</i>. Since then, our Government has recognized Walker's Government, +and endorsed his war upon Costa Rica, although the former objection of +our Government lies with as much force against such recognition now as +it did three months ago. That the approach of the Cincinnati Convention, +and the importance of conciliating the "Young American" wing, and the +Filibustering division of the Democratic party, had great influence in +producing this recognition, there can be no sort of doubt. But a still +more palpable reason why this Government gave its sanction to the +Rivas-Walker Government is, that <span class="smcap">Padre Vijil</span>, the second Minister sent +here, is a ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST, and a shrewd Spaniard—better +understands the influences that prevail at Washington. When we remember +that a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Order of Jesuits, is a member +of Pierce's Cabinet, the Postmaster-General—and when we remember that +Democracy now, without the Catholic-Foreign vote, is almost a nullity in +the United States, we have a clear solution of this preference given the +Spanish priest, <span class="smcap">Padre Vijil</span>, over the American citizen, but a few weeks +afterwards! As a sign of the times, the fact is one worthy of note. It +shows, at least, that when Protestantism cannot prevail with the +Administration of Pierce, Roman Catholicism can; and that hence, when we +proclaim the power of the Pope, even in America, we but utter +demonstrable facts. Romanism is even carrying Democracy from all its old +wayside land-marks. In December, 1836, <span class="smcap">Gen. Jackson</span> sent a special +message to the Senate of the United States, in relation to a proposition +to recognize<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> the new Government of Texas, and he gave reasons <i>against</i> +it, which are exactly applicable to this Rivas-Walker affair:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Upon the issue," he says, "of this threatened invasion by +Mexico, the independence of Texas may be considered as +suspended; and were there nothing peculiar in the relative +situation of the United States and Texas, our acknowledgments +of its independence at such a crisis could scarcely be +considered as consistent <i>with that prudent reserve with which +we have heretofore held ourselves bound to treat all similar +questions</i>."</p></div> + +<p>The existing Government of Nicaragua is in a far more critical condition +now than that of Texas was in 1836, when Gen. Jackson went on to say:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It becomes us to beware of a too early movement, as it might +subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to +establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory, with a +view to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves. Prudence, +therefore, seems to dictate that we should still stand aloof, +and maintain our present attitude, if not until Mexico itself, +or one of the great foreign powers, shall recognize the +independence of the new Government, at least until the lapse of +time or the course of events shall have proved, beyond cavil or +dispute, the ability of the people of that country to maintain +their separate sovereignty, and to uphold the Government +constituted by them. Neither of the contending parties can +justly complain of this course. By pursuing it, we are but +carrying out the long-established policy of our Government—a +policy which has secured to us respect and influence abroad, +and inspired confidence at home."</p></div> + +<p>But Romanism is rapidly leading Democracy to the Devil! Archbishop +Hughes—the head and front of the Papal Hierarchy in this country—has +openly declared the grand aim and object of the Catholic Church is "TO +MAKE ROME THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE WHOLE WORLD!" This same +Archbishop is now engaged in raising an immense fund, for the avowed +purpose of <span class="smcap">establishing a College in Rome</span>, for the education of a high +order of Priests and Jesuits for the United States; the Roman Pontiff +deeming the education of Priests defective if obtained in this land of +liberty! This same Archbishop Hughes has now actively enlisted for the +Presidential contest, for 1856, in order, to use his own language, "<span class="smcap">to +break the spinal cord of the American Party</span>." The Irish Catholic vote is +to be fused with the Black Republicans in the North, to prevent the +success of the Fillmore ticket, and the Irish and German Catholic vote +is to be cast for Democracy in the South and North-West—the Archbishop +stipulating for special legislation for Rome, and for promoting this +mammoth college!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Orestes Brownson</span>, a leading Catholic authority, and the editor of +Archbishop Hughes's organ—one of the most zealous as well as able +advocates of Romanism in America—declares: "THE POPE IS MY INTERPRETER +OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES!" The Supreme Court at +Washington<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> is subordinate to the Vatican, situated at the foot of one +of the seven hills upon which Rome is built! Through the influence of +the <i>Jesuit</i> who is a member of Pierce's cabinet, the Papal Nuncio, who +was sent from Rome two years ago, clothed with <i>foreign</i> authority, was +received by our government at Washington, and sent around the lakes to +the North-West at government expense; and allowed to adjudicate upon a +secular question AFFECTING TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION in the great State +of New York!</p> + +<p>Mr. Buchanan, one of the several candidates before the Cincinnati +Convention for the Presidential nomination, said, in a public speech in +Baltimore, just before the meeting of that Convention, <i>by way of +bidding for the Catholic vote</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In the age of religious bigotry and intolerance, Lord +Baltimore was the first legislator who proclaimed the sacred +rights of conscience, and established for the government of his +colony the principle, not merely of toleration, but perfect +religious freedom and equality among all sects of Christians."</p></div> + +<p>Lord Baltimore was a Catholic; and with a view to enlist the same +influence, <span class="smcap">Hon. Alexander H. Stephens</span>, of Georgia, sent forth a +published speech last summer, from which we make the following extract:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Catholic colony of Maryland, organized under the auspices +of Lord Baltimore, was the first to establish the principle of +free toleration in religious worship on this continent.</p> + +<p>"The Colony of Maryland afforded protection to <i>all</i> persecuted +sects."</p></div> + +<p>Now, in order to judge of Mr. Buchanan's "<i>perfect religious freedom and +equality</i>," and Mr. Stephens's "<i>principle of free toleration</i>," let us +examine an Act passed April 21, 1649, when Lord Baltimore was in the +zenith of his power:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Denying the Holy <i>Trinity</i> is to be punished with <i>death</i>, and +confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary (Lord +Baltimore himself!) Persons using any reproachful words +concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or +Evangelists, to be fined £5, or in default of payment to be +publicly whipped and <i>imprisoned, at the pleasure of</i> his +Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his +Lieutenant-General." <i>See Laws of Maryland at large, by T. +Bacon, A. D. 1765.</i> <i>16 and 17 Cecilius's Lord Baltimore</i>.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">S. F. Streeter</span>, Esq., of Baltimore, is the author of a work entitled +"<i>Maryland two hundred years ago</i>." In this work, at page 26, Mr. +Streeter says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The policy of Lord Baltimore, in regard to religious matters +in his colony, has, in some particulars at least, been +misapprehended and therefore misstated. The assertion has long +passed uncontradicted, that toleration was promised to the +colonists in the first conditions of plantation; that the +rights of conscience were recognized in a law passed by the +first assembly held in the colony; and that the principal +officers from the year 1636 or '37, bound themselves by on oath +not to molest on account of his religion any one professing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> to +believe in Jesus Christ. I can find <i>no authority</i> for <i>any</i> of +these statements. Lord Baltimore's first and earlier conditions +of plantation breathe not a word on the subject of religion: no +act recognizing the principle of toleration was passed in the +first or in any following assembly, until fifteen years after +the first settlement, at which time (1649) a Protestant had +been appointed Governor, and a majority of the Burgesses were +of the same faith; and when, <i>for the first time</i>, a clause +involving a promise not to molest any person professing to +believe in Jesus Christ, the words "and particularly a Roman +Catholic," were inserted by the direction of Lord Baltimore in +the official oath."</p></div> + +<p>McMahon, the tried friend of Lord Baltimore, speaking on this same +subject, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The proprietary dominion (Lord B.'s) had never known that +hour, (when there was opportunity to persecute.) The Protestant +religion was the established religion of the mother country, +and any effort on the part of the Proprietary (Lord B.) to +oppress its followers would have <i>drawn down destruction on his +government</i>. The <i>great body</i> of the colonists were themselves +Protestants, and, by their <i>number</i> and their participation in +the government, they were fully equal to their own protection, +and <i>too powerful</i> for the Proprietaries in the event of an +open collision."</p></div> + +<p>Thus it will be seen that in Maryland, as everywhere else, in all past +ages, so far as toleration is concerned, it was granted <i>to</i> +Catholics—never <i>by</i> them.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION—No. 5.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Popish aims at supremacy—Avowals by distinguished +Catholics—The order of Jesuits—Startling disclosures and +authentic references!—The strength of Romanism in the United +States!</p></div> + + +<p>The Romish hierarchy aims at supremacy in the Church and the State. It +is nothing more nor less than a great <i>political</i> system, arrogating to +itself the right to sway the spiritual and temporal concerns of men—a +right it claims to have derived from God, and that therefore the Romish +Church is above all, and may rule all. Hence the conspiracy against our +government emanating from the Vatican, and planned by the Pope, his +Cardinals and Bishops, in the late grand council at Rome! They there and +then resolved on affecting the objects of the <i>Leopold Foundation</i>, +established in Vienna, May 13, 1829, to support Catholic missionaries in +the United States. Every member of this Society—and its branches are +numerous, being scattered over the whole earth—agrees to offer prayers +daily to <i>St. Leopold</i>, and every week to contribute as much as a +<i>crucifix</i>. The valley of the Mississippi has been surveyed and mapped +by the Jesuits, under the directions of the Vatican, and Popish +Cardinals in Europe are boasting of the certainty of their subjecting +this land of freedom at no distant day to papal supremacy! Rev. Dr. +<span class="smcap">James</span>, an eminent clergyman of England, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church of Rome has determined to compensate herself for +her losses in the old world, by her conquest in the new."</p></div> + +<p>Hence, too, a Papal editor in Europe conducting a Catholic organ, and +advising vigorous measures for the extension of Papal power, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We must make haste—the moments are precious—America may +become the centre of civilization."</p></div> + +<p>The Rev. Dr. Reze, of Detroit, a priest of distinction, who is now in +custody at Rome, a few years since, writing from Michigan to his master, +the Pope, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We shall see the truth triumph—the temple of idols +overthrown—the seat of falsehood brought to silence—and all +the United States embraced in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> the same faith of that Catholic +Church, wherein dwell truth and temporal happiness."</p></div> + +<p>A Catholic priest in Indiana told a Protestant minister, an able +Methodist clergyman, in a controversy, "The time will come when +Catholics will make Protestants wade knee-deep in blood in the valley of +the Mississippi!"</p> + +<p>Bishop England, one of their master-spirits in this country, in a letter +to the Pope written from Charleston, and which was so good that his +Holiness caused it to be published, said:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Within thirty years, the Protestant heresy will come to an +end. If we can secure the West and South, we will take care of +New England."</p></div> + +<p>This same dignitary said to his brethren at Vienna in that memorable +letter, by way of advice and encouragement:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"All that is necessary is money and priests, to subjugate the +mock liberties of America."</p></div> + +<p>The Jesuits profess to be a more devoted branch of the Pope's army than +any other order. The Abbe De Pradt, formerly Roman Archbishop at +Malines, calls them "the Pope's zealous militia:" another correctly +calls them "the Pope's body-guard, organized for the express purpose of +defending the Papal See, and undertaking a spiritual crusade against +heretics." Pius VII., in his Bull of August 7, 1814, reëstablishing the +order, which Clement XIV. had suppressed, says: "We would be guilty of a +great crime," if, amid the dangers threatening the Papal interests, and +"if, placed in the barque of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual +storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers who +volunteer their services in order to break the waves of a sea which +threatens every moment shipwreck and death."</p> + +<p>The presumption is, that "these vigorous and experienced rowers who thus +volunteer their services," have some moving principle, some hidden +spring, which moves with that oneness and constancy under all +discouragements. The watch does not show the spring that sets it in +motion: who that looks at its face and observes the movement of the +hands will doubt that it is there, and that they move in proportion to +the strength or weakness of that spring?</p> + +<p>The old Romans used to swear their soldiers: the Roman Church swears +even her private members. Read the following from the creed: "I solemnly +promise, vow, and <i>swear</i> true obedience to the Roman bishop," &c. "This +true Catholic faith, out of which there is no salvation, &c.—I promise, +vow, and <i>swear</i> most constantly to hold and profess the same, whole and +entire, with God's assistance, to the end of my life, and procure, as +far as lies in my power, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> the same shall be held, taught, and +preached by all who are under me," &c. "I also profess and undoubtedly +receive all other things delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred +canons and general councils, and particularly by the holy Council of +Trent; and, likewise, I also condemn, reject, and anathematize all +things contrary thereto, and all heresies whatsoever, condemned, +rejected, and anathematized by the Church."</p> + +<p>The Jesuits are more strict, subservient, devoted to the Vatican, than +any other wing of the Catholic Church. In the second volume of the +constitutions of the Jesuits, under the heading of <i>obedience to +superiors</i>, is written:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"You shall always see Jesus Christ in the General."</p> + +<p>"You shall obey him in every thing. Your obedience shall be +boundless in the execution, in the will and understanding. You +shall persuade yourselves that God speaks in his mouth: that +when he orders, God himself orders. You shall execute his +command immediately, with joy and with steadiness."</p> + +<p>"You shall be in his hands a dead body, which he will govern, +move, place, displace, according to his will."</p></div> + +<p>Under these teachings, says <span class="smcap">Arnauld</span>, a student in a college of Jesuits +stated, on hearing of the implicit obedience of another:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I would have done still more. Were God to order me, through +the voice of my superior, to put to death father, mother, +children, brothers, and sisters, I would do it with an eye as +tearless and a heart as calm as if I were seated at the banquet +of the Paschal lamb."</p></div> + +<p>Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore, in a recent publication, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"As early as 1624, the University of Paris charged them with +being governed by 'secret laws.' In 1649, Palafox, Bishop of +Angelopolis, in his letter to Innocent X., accuses them of +having 'a secret constitution, hidden privileges, and concealed +laws of their own.'"</p></div> + +<p>What will our Democratic Protestant opposers of Know Nothing <i>secret +lodges</i> say to this? What will our Democratic advocates of Popery say to +the principles of such an organization, and to its "horrible oaths?" But +hear the Roman Catholic King of Portugal, in his manifesto to his +Bishops, in 1759, only ninety-seven years ago:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In order to form the union, the consistency, and the strength +of the society, there should be a government not only +monarchical, but so sovereign, so absolute, so despotic, that +even the Provincials themselves should not have it in their +power, by any act of theirs, to resist or retard the execution +of the orders of the General. By this legislative, inviolable +and despotic power; by the profound devotedness of the subjects +of this company to mysterious laws with which they are not +themselves acquainted; by the blind and passive obedience with +which they are compelled to execute, without hesitation or +reply, whatever their superiors command," &c.</p></div> + +<p>But our Democratic anti-Know Nothings not only object to our having +formerly kept our ritual concealed, but especially to our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> denial of the +existence of our organization. Let them procure a copy of the secret +instructions of the Jesuits, styled "<i>Secreta Monita</i>," and in the +preface they will find these <i>lovely</i> words:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The greatest care imaginable must be also taken that these +instructions do not fall into the hands of strangers, &c.; if +they should, <i>let it be positively denied that these are the +principles of the society</i>," &c.</p></div> + +<p>But again:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Auquetil, in the fourth volume, page 333, of his History of +France, gives an account of the celebrated case of the +bankruptcy of the Rev. Father Jesuit La Valette, the Jesuit +agent, for three million francs. Their ships had been taken by +the English; the bankers in Marseilles, who had accepted bills +of exchange to the amount of one and a half millions, required +prompt payment. They wrote to De Sacy, the General Procurator +of the Missions; he wrote to the General at Rome, but the +General died at the same time; and before a new General could +be elected, and an order sent to pay the money, the Fathers had +become bankrupt, and suits were instituted. After delay and +manœuvre on their part, the case came on unexpectedly in +1760. All the Jesuits were accused. They tried to lay the guilt +upon La Valette, but the bankers charged that all the Jesuits +were under the General, and La Valette was only agent. In this +sad condition they proposed to prove, according to their +constitutions, that as a society their body possessed nothing, +that all belonged to each college-house, convent, &c. The +proposal of the Jesuits was accepted. On the 8th of May, 1761, +after trial, the Parliament condemned the General and all the +society to pay bills, costs, damages, &c., which they did +without selling any of their property.</p> + +<p>"It was in this evil hour to the Jesuits that their +constitutions, which had been acted upon for two hundred years +in secret, were brought to light. Rules and constitutions maybe +in existence and acted upon, when it would be impossible to +obtain a copy from any one who was sufficiently advanced in the +order to be trusted with a copy."</p></div> + +<p>It will astonish American Protestants to be told how numerous, +influential, and strong the Catholics are in this land of liberty! They +have 7 archbishops, 40 bishops, 1704 priests, 1824 churches, 21 +colleges, 37 ecclesiastical institutions for the education of priests +and Jesuits, 117 female academies, all of which are, in reality, +<i>Convents</i>. Nuns, priests, and Jesuits are the professors, teachers, and +matrons; and, strange to say, <i>Protestant</i> young ladies are their chief +supporters!</p> + +<p>The Romish Hierarchy is far more numerous in <i>Protestant</i> America, than +in any Catholic country on earth. Their strength in America equals what +it is in Ireland, Scotland, and England combined! How extensive is this +religious organization in our land: how subtle! Its ramifications are +all so many <i>arteries</i>, which receive their life's blood from the heart +at Rome, and return it there by its regular palpitations! It is now +concentrating its <i>arteries</i> at Washington City, and is promised "aid +and comfort" from the great Democratic party—a party fast becoming the +foe of true liberty, and of the evangelical Protestant faith.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION—No. 6.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>The Oath of a Bishop—Oath of a Priest—Oath of a Jesuit—Oath +of a San Fedisti—Oath of an Irish Ribbon-man—The Romish +Curse!</p></div> + + +<p>In this chapter we will exhibit the "<i>horrible oaths</i>" of the various +grades of Catholics, from a <i>Bishop</i> down to a <i>private member</i>—even to +the "Irish Ribbon-men," thousands of whom swarm the United States. To +these we will add the oath of the "Order of San Fedisti," an infamous +secret society established in Italy, and introduced for the first time +into this country by that prince of murderers, <i>Bedini</i>, the Pope's +Nuncio; who was honored with a steamer at the expense of our government, +Pierce at its head, to sail round our northern lakes, organizing these +infamous societies. Last of all, we give the ROMISH CURSE, which is in +full force and power in all Catholic countries, and is even pronounced +publicly in our large cities, upon renegades from the Catholic faith.</p> + +<p>These oaths will be found commencing on page 42 of "A Treatise of the +Pope's Supremacy. By <span class="smcap">Rev. Isaac Barrow</span>, D. D. Second American Edition, +1844." By this author, the Latin is given and then translated. The same, +in part, will be found in the debate between <span class="smcap">Mr. Breckenridge</span>, of the +Presbyterian Church, and <span class="smcap">Archbishop Hughes</span>, and by the latter publicly +acknowledged to be genuine, before a Baltimore audience who heard the +discussion!</p> + +<p>But these particular forms of oaths in question, which reckless +Catholics and unprincipled Democrats deny, were published in England by +Archbishop Usher, whose correctness and reliability is equal to that of +any man. These oaths will be found in a volume entitled "Foxes and +Firebrands," from a collection of papers by Archbishop Usher, and it is +there stated that "it remains on record at Paris, among the Society of +Jesus," and was drawn up in that form to <span class="smcap">Urban VIII.</span>, in 1642, when he +revived the bull of Pious V., which had slumbered seventy-three years. +These oaths, as published, contain nothing which is not taught by Popes +and Councils, Priests and Jesuits. Examine these <i>oaths</i>, and this +<i>curse</i>, and answer us the question, Can men taking them, and +subscribing to their doctrines, make citizens of this Republic?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>OATH OF THE BISHOPS.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, G. N., elect of the church of N., from henceforth will be +<i>faithful</i> and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle, and to the +holy Roman Church, and to our lord, the lord N. Pope N., and to +his successors canonically coming in. I will neither advise, +consent, nor do any thing that they may lose life or member, or +that their persons may be seized or hands anywise laid upon +them, or any injuries offered to them, under any pretence +whatsoever. The counsel which they shall intrust me withal by +themselves, their messengers, or letters, I will not knowingly +reveal to any to their prejudice. I will help them to defend +and keep the Roman Papacy and the royalties of St. Peter, +saving my order against all men. The legate of the Apostolic +see, going and coming, I will honorably treat, and help in his +necessities. The rights, honors, privileges, and authority of +the holy Roman Church, of our lord the Pope, and his aforesaid +successors, I will endeavor to preserve, defend, increase, and +advance. I will not be in any council, action, or treaty, in +which shall be plotted against our said lord and the said Roman +Church, any thing to the hurt or prejudice of their persons, +right, honor, state, or power; and if I shall know any such +thing to be treated or agitated by any whomsoever, I will +hinder it all that I can; and as soon as I can, will signify it +to our said lord, or to some other, by whom it may come to his +knowledge. The rules of the Holy Fathers, the Apostolic +decrees, ordinances, or disposals, reservations, provisions, +and mandates, I will observe with all my might, and cause by +others. Heretics, Schismatics, and Rebels to our said lord, or +his aforesaid successors, I will to the utmost of my power +persecute and oppose. I will come to a council when I am +called, unless I am hindered by a canonical impediment. I will, +by myself in person, visit the threshold of the Apostles every +three years; and give an account to our lord, and his aforesaid +successors, of all my pastoral office, and of all things +anywise belonging to the state of my church, to the discipline +of my clergy and people, and, lastly, to the salvation of souls +committed to my trust; and will, in like manner, humbly receive +and diligently execute the Apostolic commands. And if I be +detained by a lawful impediment, I will perform all things +aforesaid by a certain messenger hereto specially empowered, a +member of my Chapter or some other in ecclesiastical dignity, +or else having a parsonage; or in default of these, by a priest +of the diocese; or in default of one of the clergy, (of the +diocese,) by some other secular or regular priest of approved +integrity and religion, fully instructed in all things above +mentioned. And such impediment I will make out by lawful +proofs, to be transmitted by the aforesaid messenger to the +Cardinal proponent of the holy Roman Church, in the +Congregation of the Sacred Council. The possessions belonging +to my table, I will neither sell nor give away, mortgage nor +grant anew in fee, nor anywise alienate, no, not even with +consent of the Chapter of my Church, without consulting the +Roman Pontiff. And if I shall make any alienation, I will +thereby incur the penalties contained in a certain Constitution +put forth about this matter.</p> + +<p>"So help me God, and these holy Gospels of God."</p></div> + + +<h4>OATH OF THE PRIESTS.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, A. B., do acknowledge the ecclesiastical power of his +holiness; and the mother Church of Rome, as the chief head and +matron above all pretended churches throughout the whole earth; +and that my zeal shall be for St. Peter and his successors, as +the founder of the true and ancient Catholic faith, against all +heretical kings, princes, states, or powers repugnant to the +same; and although I, A. B., may follow, in case of persecution +or otherwise, to be heretically despised, yet in soul and +conscience I shall hold, aid, and succor the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> mother Church of +Rome, as the true, ancient, and apostolic Church. I, A. B., +further do declare not to act or control any matter or thing +prejudicial unto her, in her sacred orders, doctrines, tenets, +or commands, without leave of its supreme power or its +authority, under her appointed; and being so permitted, then to +act and further her interests more than my own earthly good and +earthly pleasure, as she and her Head, his Holiness, and his +successors have, or ought to have, the supremacy over all +kings, princes, estates, or powers whatsoever, either to +deprive them of their crowns, sceptres, powers, privileges, +realms, countries, or governments, or to set up others in lieu +thereof; they dissenting from the mother Church and her +commands."</p></div> + + +<h4>OATH OF THE JESUITS</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, A. B., now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed +Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the Archangel, the blessed St. +John the Baptist, the holy apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, and +all the saints and hosts of heaven, and to you my ghostly +father, do declare from my heart, without mental reservation, +that his Holiness Pope —— is Christ's Vicar General, and is +the true and only Head of the Catholic or universal Church +throughout the earth; and by the virtue of the keys of binding +and loosing, given to his Holiness by my Saviour Jesus Christ, +he hath power to depose heretical kings, princes, states, +commonwealths, and governments, all being illegal without his +sacred confirmation, and that they may safely be destroyed: +<span class="smcap">therefore</span>, to the utmost of my power, I shall and will defend +this doctrine, and his Holiness' rights and customs, against +all usurpers of the heretical (or Protestant) authority +whatsoever; especially against the now pretended authority and +Church of England, and all adherents, in regard that they and +she be usurpal and heretical, opposing the sacred mother Church +of Rome, I do renounce and disown any allegiance as due to +Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates +or officers, I do further declare the doctrine of the Church of +England, the Calvinists, Huguenots, and of others of the name +Protestants, to be damnable, and that they themselves are +damned, and to be damned, that will not forsake the same. I do +further declare, that I will help, assist, and advise all or +any of his Holiness' agents, in any place wherever I shall be, +in England, Scotland, and Ireland, or in any other territory or +kingdom I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the +heretical Protestant's doctrine, and to destroy all their +pretended powers, regal or otherwise. I do further promise and +declare, that notwithstanding I am dispensed with, to assume +any religion heretical, for the propagating of the mother +Church's interest, to keep secret and private all her agents' +counsels, from time to time, as they intrust me, and not to +divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing, or +circumstance, whatever, but to execute all that shall be +proposed, given in charge, or discovered unto me, by you my +ghostly father, or any of this sacred convent. All which, I, A. +B., do swear, by the blessed Sacrament I am now to receive, to +perform, and on my part to keep inviolable; and do call all the +heavenly and glorious host of heaven to witness these my real +intentions to keep this, my oath. In testimony hereof, I take +this most holy and blessed sacrament of the Eucharist, and +witness the same further with my hand and seal, in the face of +this holy convent this day—An. Dom., etc."</p></div> + + +<h4>OATH OF THE SAN FEDISTI.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, Son of the Holy Faith, No. —, promise and swear to sustain +the altar and the Papal throne, to exterminate heretics, +liberals, and all enemies of the Church, without pity for the +cries of children, or of men and women. So help me God."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>OATH OF THE IRISH RIBBON-MEN.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, Patrick McKenna, swear by Saints Peter and Paul, and by the +blessed Virgin Mary, to be always faithful to the Society (of +Ribbon-men); to keep and conceal all the secrets, and its words +of order; to be always ready to execute the commands of my +superior officers, and, as far as it shall lie in my power, to +extirpate all heretics, and <span class="smcap">all the Protestants</span>, and to walk in +their blood to the knee! May the Virgin Mary and all saints +help me! To-day, the 2d of July, 1852.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Pat. McKenna</span>, <i>from Tydavenet</i>."</p></div> + +<p>The following are the curses pronounced by the Papal Church against all +who leave it for any Evangelical Church:</p> + + +<h4>THE ROMISH CURSE.</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"By the authority of God Almighty, the Father, Son, and Holy +Ghost, and the undefiled Virgin Mary, mother and patroness of +our Saviour, and of all celestial virtues, Angels, Archangels, +Thrones, Dominions, Powers, Cherubim, and Seraphim; and of all +the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, and of all the Apostles and +Evangelists, of the Holy Innocents, who in the sight of the +Holy Lamb are found worthy to sing the new song of the Holy +Martyrs and Holy Confessors, and of all the Holy Virgins, and +of all Saints together with the holy elect of God; may he, +——, be damned. We excommunicate and anathematize him from the +threshold of the Holy Church of God Almighty. We sequester him, +that lie may be tormented, disposed, and be delivered over with +Dathan and Abiram, and with those who say unto the Lord: +'Depart from us, we desire none of thy ways:' as a fire is +quenched with water, so let the light of him be put out for +evermore, unless he shall repent him and make satisfaction. +Amen!</p> + +<p>"May the Father, who creates man, curse him! May the Son, who +suffered for us, curse him! May the Holy Ghost, who is poured +out in Baptism, curse him! May the Holy Cross, which Christ, +for our salvation, triumphing over his enemies, ascended, curse +him!</p> + +<p>"May the Holy Mary, ever virgin and mother of God, curse him! +May St. Michael, the advocate of the Holy Souls, curse him! May +all the Angels, Principalities, and Powers, and all Heavenly +Armies, curse him! May the glorious band of the Patriarchs and +Prophets curse him!</p> + +<p>"May St. John the Precursor, and St. John the Baptist, and St. +Peter, and St. Paul, and St. Andrew, and all other of Christ's +Apostles together, curse him! And may all the rest of the +Disciples and Evangelists, who, by their preaching converted +the universe, and the holy and wonderful company of Martyrs and +Confessors, who by their works are found pleasing to God +Almighty, curse him! May the holy choir of the Holy Virgins, +who for the honor of Christ have despised the things of the +world, damn him! May all the saints from the beginning of the +world to everlasting ages, who are found to be beloved of God, +damn him!</p> + +<p>"May he be damned wherever he be, whether in the house, or in +the alley, or in the water, or in the church! May he be cursed +in living and dying!</p> + +<p>"May he be cursed in eating and drinking, in being hungry, in +being thirsty, in fasting, and sleeping, in slumbering, and in +sitting, in living, in working, in resting, and * * * and in +blood-letting.</p> + +<p>"May he be cursed in all the faculties of his body!</p> + +<p>"May he be cursed inwardly and outwardly! May he be cursed in +his hair; cursed be he in his brains, and in his vertex, in his +temples, in his eyebrows,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> in his cheeks, in his jaw-bones, in +his nostrils, in his teeth and grinders, in his lips, in his +shoulders, in his arms, in his fingers!</p> + +<p>"May he be damned in his mouth, in his breast, in his heart, +and purtenances, down to the very stomach!</p> + +<p>"May he be cursed in his reins and his groins; in his thighs, +in his genitals, and in his hips, and in his knees, his legs, +and his feet, and toe-nails!</p> + +<p>"May he be cursed in all his joints, and articulation of the +members; from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet +may there be no soundness!</p> + +<p>"May the Son of the living God, with all the glory of His +Majesty, curse him! And may heaven, with all the powers that +move therein, rise up against him, and curse and damn him; +unless he repent and make satisfaction! Amen! So be it. Be it +so. Amen!"</p></div> + +<p>Now, we ask all candid men whose eyes have not been blinded by the dust +of Popery and Democracy, can a Bishop or Priest, a Jesuit or Catholic, +with these oaths upon their souls, be true American citizens? Not +without the guilt of perjury, as black as the altar of a Roman +Confessional! And if guilty of such perjury, the penitentiary should be +their canonical residence for life! Strange to say, however, the Chief +Justice of the United States, Roger B. Taney, is a Roman Catholic! Gen. +Pierce's Postmaster-General, James Campbell, is both a Roman Catholic, +and a member of the Order of Jesuits, having taken this very oath! Roman +Catholics are now on the Federal Bench in the United States: Roman +Catholics fill the offices of Attorneys-general; Roman Catholics +represent this Government abroad; and Roman Catholics fill post-offices, +land-offices, and a variety of offices at home, out of which Protestants +were driven by Pierce's Administration, to make room for them!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p> +<h2>LETTER FROM THOMAS A. R. NELSON, ESQ.</h2> + + +<p>This gentleman, an able lawyer of East Tennessee, a member of the +Presbyterian Church, and a member of the American party, was nominated +an Elector for the State of Tennessee at large, by the American State +Convention at Nashville, in February last. Though an ardent American—a +great friend of <i>Mr. Fillmore</i>—and a member of the late Philadelphia +Convention, and aided in the nomination of <i>Maj. Donelson</i>, he has been +reluctantly compelled to decline the position of Elector. Under date of +May 30, 1856, he addressed a letter of nine columns, of great force and +ability, to <i>Messrs. A. W. Johnson, Robert C. Foster, 3d., John H. +Callender, William N. Bilbo, Sam'l. Pritchett, and E. D. Farnsworth, +State Executive Committee of the American Party, Nashville, Tennessee</i>, +declining the position. Although we regret his inability to serve, as do +the whole party in this State, yet, if his letter could be placed in the +hands of every voter in the State, we would be willing to risk the +contest without further discussion. Such is our estimate of this +document. For the benefit of "Old Line Whigs," and such Democrats as are +disposed to excuse and apologise for Romanism, we give the four +concluding columns of this letter. The five preceding columns are mainly +occupied with an outline and defence of the action of the Philadelphia +Nominating Convention, and a discussion of the slavery +question—questions we had discussed in this work before this document +came to hand. Mr. Nelson concludes thus:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Foreigners and Catholics were directly appealed to in the +Presidential elections of 1848 and 1852. Who does not remember +that, immediately preceding the election in 1844, fraudulent +naturalization papers were manufactured in New York? Who has +forgotten the Plaquemines fraud in Louisiana? Who has not heard +of the abuse of Mr. Frelinghuysen for no other cause than that +he was the President of the American Bible Society?</p> + +<p>"But, without dwelling upon other illustrations, look to the +Democratic platform of 1852, and read the 8th section of the +third resolution, which is in the following words:</p> + +<p>"'That the liberal principles embodied by Jefferson in the +Declaration of Independence and sanctioned in the Constitution, +which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the +oppressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal principles +in the Democratic faith, and every attempt to abridge the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> +present privilege of becoming citizens and the owners of soil +among us, ought to be resisted with the same spirit which swept +the alien and sedition laws from our statute books.'</p> + +<p>"During the last election in Tennessee, it was often said by +Democrats that they were just as much opposed to the +immigration of foreign criminals and paupers as members of the +American party, but would not attach themselves to the latter +because of their objections to its organization. But the +Democratic Platform of 1852 contains no exception against +criminals and paupers. The naturalization laws have, in +practice, been found inadequate to their exclusion, and the +platform, in effect, avows unqualified adherence to them +without <i>abridgement</i> or modification.</p> + +<p>"These laws are, in substance, declared to have '<i>ever been +cardinal principles</i> in the Democratic faith.' By its own +avowal, the Democratic party is responsible for giving +encouragement to the whole policy of foreign immigration. If +that policy has flooded the country with criminals and paupers; +if it has produced riots and bloodshed in our large cities; if +it has endangered the religious as well as the civil liberty of +Protestants; if it has swelled the ranks of Abolition and +fanned the flame of Agitation—the Democratic party, by its own +avowal, is amenable at the bar of public opinion for these +astounding and deplorable results. Reckless of consequences, it +has persevered in a system hazardous to the stability of our +institutions, because that system has annually swelled the +number of its adherents, and increased the chances of its +perpetual ascendency.</p> + +<p>"Without adverting to the census tables, or repeating those +familiar facts connected with the statistics of immigration +which have been so extensively published, it is sufficient to +observe that, under this continued patronage of the Democratic +party, the immigration of foreigners has increased from a few +thousands, twenty years ago, to nearly half a million in 1854.</p> + +<p>"But the Democratic party cannot justly claim the exclusive +honor of projecting or carrying out the system. More than +twenty years ago, the Duke of Richmond declared, in substance, +that he had conversed with most of the sovereigns and princes +of Europe; that they were jealous of the influence of our +republican institutions upon their own Government; that they +did not expect to conquer us as a nation, but designed the +subversion of our Government by the introduction of the low and +surplus population of Europe among us; that 'discord, +dissension, anarchy, and civil war would ensue, and some +popular individual would assume the government and restore +order, and the sovereigns of Europe, the emigrants, and many of +the natives, would sustain him.' He also said, in speaking of +the United States, that 'the Church of Rome has a design upon +that country, and it will, in time, be the established +religion, and will aid in the destruction of that republic.'</p> + +<p>"These statements of the Duke of Richmond are abundantly +corroborated by other declarations, as well as the most +undeniable facts which have occurred since their promulgation.</p> + +<p>"I have in my possession, among various others, two small books +published by 'the American and Foreign Christian Union,' 156 +Chambers street, New York, the one entitled 'Foreign +Conspiracy,' the other, 'Startling Facts,' both of which, as I +infer from their contents, were written in the year 1834, long +before the American party had an existence. The work entitled +'Foreign Conspiracy' is composed of a series of articles +originally published, over the signature of Brutus, in the New +York Observer. They now appear with the name of the author, +<span class="smcap">Samuel F. B. Morse</span>. His object in writing the work was to +arouse public attention to the efforts then being made in +Europe to propagate the Catholic religion in the United States, +and to show its danger to our republican institutions. He +traces the origin of the Leopold Foundation in Austria, under +the especial patronage of the Emperor at Vienna on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> 12th +May, 1829, and shows that one of its leading objects was 'to +promote the greater activity of Catholic missions in America.'</p> + +<p>"The letter of Prince <i>Metternich</i> to Bishop Fenwich, of +Cincinnati, under date, Vienna, April 27, 1830, is set out at +length; and, in that letter, the Prince informs the Bishop, +among other things, that the Emperor 'allows his people to +contribute to the support of the Catholic Church in America.' +Numerous quotations are made from the letters of Foreign +Bishops in the United States to their patrons at home, and, +among the rest, on page 85, is the following statement, made by +one of them, in regard to the people of the United States: 'We +entreat all European Christians to unite in prayer to God for +the conversion of these unhappy heathen and obstinate +heretics.' But, forbearing to multiply quotations from this +little work, admirable in most of its positions, my main +object, in citing it, was to make the following extract, from +page 15 of the preface, taken by the author from the lectures +of the celebrated Frederick Schlegel, delivered at Vienna in +1828, where that distinguished foreigner says, 'The true +nursery of all these destructive principles, the revolutionary +school for France and the rest of Europe, has been North +America. Thence the evil has spread over many other lands, +either by national contagion or by arbitrary communication;' +and also the following quotation, from page 118 of Mr. Morse's +book: 'Austria, one of the Holy Alliance of sovereigns, leagued +against the liberties of the world, has the superintendence <i>of +the operations of Popery in this country</i>.'</p> + +<p>"In the tract entitled 'Startling Facts for American +Protestants,' written in the year 1834, by <span class="smcap">Rev. Herman Norton</span>, +Corresponding Secretary of the American Protestant Society, +from pages 27 to 39, an account is given of a London pamphlet +entitled 'New Plan of Emigration,' the production of a Roman +Catholic gentleman, a London Banker; in which a project for +occupying the North Western States with the Roman Catholic +population of Europe, is unfolded, together with <i>a map of the +country</i>, and, among other things, it is said, on page 29: 'The +first settlements should be made in those fertile prairie +districts situated on the southern sides of the Canadian lakes, +<i>where slavery is unknown</i>. On page 28, the objects of this +society, as set forth in this pamphlet, are stated to be,</p> + +<p>"'1. To provide the means for colonizing the surplus Roman +Catholic population of Europe in our Western States.</p> + +<p>"'2. To do this in such a way as to create a large demand for +articles of British manufacture.</p> + +<p>"'3. <i>To make Romanism the predominant religion of this +country.</i>'</p> + +<p>"The census tables will show that, since these plans were set +on foot, in England and in Europe, to break down our +government, there has been an astonishing increase in the +foreign immigration to this country. Great as it was prior to +the Revolutions in Europe in 1848, it has been amazingly +augmented since that time. Millions of foreign money have been +collected in Europe and expended since the organization of the +society for the propagation of the faith, at Lyons in France, +about the year 1822, in the United States. While an Austrian +Emperor has had the charge, in a good degree, of the +propagation of the Catholic religion in the United States, the +public authorities in various parts of Europe have defrayed the +expenses of their criminals and paupers to this country, as was +clearly shown by Congressional investigations.</p> + +<p>"What do these facts prove? Why, that the declaration of the +Duke of Richmond, that the crowned heads of Europe intended to +subvert our government, was true. What more do they prove? Why, +that the effort to establish the Catholic religion in this +country has, for more than twenty years, been conducted with +steady perseverance, until the Catholics, who, in 1850, were +more numerous, as the census compendium shows, than any one +denomination of Methodists,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> are now no doubt stronger than all +the Methodists put together, and stronger than any other +denomination of Protestants.</p> + +<p>"While these publications have been before the American people +for more than twenty years, Democratic leaders have received, +with open arms, the swarms of foreigners who have settled upon +our shores. What care <i>they</i> for the slavery question, when +they have seen this foreign immigration, according to the plan +concerted in England, settling in the non-slaveholding States, +and every year increasing the Abolition power? What care they +for the Protestant religion, if the Catholics can only give +them the numerical strength at the ballot-box? What regard have +<i>they</i> for the preservation of our liberties, when European +despots are seeking to undermine them, if those despots only +send such myrmidons as will shout hosannas to Democracy and +drive from the polls peaceful American citizens who oppose +them? Is the preservation of the Union a matter of any +consequence to them? Do they not in vision behold its scattered +fragments and contemplate new confederacies, with hosts of new +offices and millions of spoil?</p> + +<p>"Can any one doubt that the Democratic party is in league with +all the dangerous elements that have disturbed and are +continuing to disturb our once peaceful and happy country, and +that they stickle at nothing when votes are at stake?</p> + +<p>"Look to their conduct in running Mr. Polk as a tariff man in +the North, and an anti-tariff man in the South! Look to the two +lives of Cass. Look to their equivocal position as to slavery +and the Union. Look to their appeals to foreigners and +Catholics by name in the elections of 1844 and 1852, and +probably in 1848. Look to their alliance with Free Germans and +Fourierites, Free Soilers and Secessionists. And, above all, +look to the miserable cant with which they raise the hue and +cry of persecution in favor of the Catholics, and, indirectly, +deny to Protestant ministers the right to make war upon a huge +corporation, calling itself a church, dealing in human souls, +reeking with the blood of martyrs, and begrimed with more than +ten centuries of oppression.</p> + +<p>"No wonder that they have vilified and denounced the American +party with every term of opprobrium that our vocabulary can +furnish. No wonder they talk of dark lanterns and secret oaths +and midnight assemblies. No wonder that they strive to frighten +their followers with the notion that the American party is a +raw-head and bloody bones, which should be shunned and avoided. +For, if honest men of that party will only take the trouble to +shake off the control of their leaders: to think, examine, to +read, reflect, and act for themselves, there are thousands of +Democrats in the South who would scorn, like the American +party, an alliance with Abolitionists, and there are tens of +thousands of Protestant Union-loving Democrats everywhere, who +have only confided in, to be deceived and betrayed by, their +leaders, and, if they discover, as it is hoped they will, that +they have brought them to the crumbling verge of an awful +precipice, they have patriotism enough and Protestantism enough +to break away from them rather than make the awful plunge.</p> + +<p>"I regret that I am admonished by the length to which I have +extended this communication, that I cannot now discuss the +Catholic question, as I had hoped to do at the outset, and I +shall present only a few disjointed remarks in connection with +it.</p> + +<p>"The American party does not seek to impose any religious test +such as prevailed in the reign of Charles II., when two +thousand Non-conformist ministers were driven from their +pulpits, or such, as in the same reign, was imposed upon Roman +Catholics and continued from 1673 to 1828. The American party +does not propose that any religious test, of any kind, shall be +imposed by law, upon any person whatever, but it does seek to +organize a public sentiment on the Catholic question, just in +the same mode that, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> times past, parties have sought to +organize public sentiment upon the tariff question—the bank +question—the internal improvement question—the temperance +question, and every other question which has been the subject +of difference. If it is lawful to say, I will not vote for you +because you are a Whig, it is equally lawful to say—I will not +vote for you because you are a foreigner. If it is lawful to +say, I will not vote for you because you are a Democrat, it is +equally lawful to say, I will not vote for you because you are +a Catholic.</p> + +<p>"Neither does the American party propose, in the slightest +degree, to interfere with any of the rights secured to Roman +Catholics, in common with others, by the Constitution. If they +choose to worship a great <span class="smcap">doll</span> as the Virgin Mary—to burn tall +wax-candles in daylight—to pray to God in an unknown +tongue—to believe that a simple wafer is the actual body, and +common wine the very blood of our Saviour—to enforce the +celibacy of the clergy—to worship the host—to believe that +old toe-nails and pieces of wood are precious relics—to +prevent their people from reading the Bible—to refuse to send +their children to Protestant schools—to retain the +confessional and the nunnery—to pin their faith to +unauthenticated traditions—to assert that theirs is the only +true Church, and to perpetrate a thousand ridiculous +mummeries—the members of the American party with one accord +will say, molest them not, disturb them not, trouble them not; +the religious privileges of this country are as free to them as +they are to us, and we will not, by law or by violence, +interrupt or interfere with them in the slightest degree. But +knowing that the Catholic Church was for a thousand years +allied to the State; that it claimed dominion, in temporal as +well as spiritual affairs, over the kings of the earth; that it +regards the Pope as the Vicegerent of the Almighty; that he +wears the tiara as the symbol of his power in heaven, earth, +and hell; that Romanists treat all other professions as +heretics; that its Archbishops, Bishops and Priests are sworn +to persecute all who differ with them; that the persecuting +spirit of that Church has been displayed, for centuries, in the +most odious acts of cruelty as well as the most despotic +tyranny that ever cursed the earth; that fire and faggot, +confiscation and torture have been its favorite weapons; that +no age, or sex or condition has been exempt from its inhuman +butcheries and demoniac lusts; that it exterminated the +Albigenses and Waldenses; that it caused the gutters of Paris +to run with human blood on St. Bartholomew's day; that it +lighted the fires of Smithfield; that through the +instrumentality of Tyrconnel and Catholic and Irish Rappadees, +it perpetrated the inhuman atrocities of the Irish Massacres; +that, it drove the Huguenots from France, and the Puritans from +England; that it has delighted in the chains and dungeons of +the Inquisition, and shouted, with fiendish exultation, at the +cries and groans of the victims in the <i>auto da fe</i>; that no +republican government has ever flourished under its sway; that +it regards ignorance as the mother of devotion, and denies the +obligation of an oath; that it gave rise to the Order of +Jesuits, the most detestable sect that the earth has ever seen; +that, in the midst of the blaze of the nineteenth century, it +has burned the Bible in America and imprisoned men and women in +Europe for no other offence than that of reading it; that, +abusing the freedom of the press and speech secured in the +United States, it unblushingly avows that all Protestantism is +heresy—that it is a crime—and punished in <i>Christian +countries like Spain and Italy</i> as a crime; that it has +banished the Bible from Protestant schools, when under its +control; that it has intermeddled in political elections, and +is struggling for political power; that it wears a mask and +claims to be harmless in this country for present effect, +although it has never renounced one of its dogmas in any +authoritative mode; that it is typified, in the Bible, as the +Man of Sin and the Great Whore of Babylon; that it comes to us +as an angel of light, but is allied with the Prince of +Darkness: knowing all these things, and believing that the +Roman Catholic Church, now that it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> covered with the broad +wings of Modern Democracy, partakes of its meat and is pampered +by its patronage, is, infinitely, the most dangerous political +power with which the people of the United States have ever been +compelled to grapple, the American party invites all who love +national liberty more than Democracy; who prefer civil and +religious freedom to the spoils of office; who revere the +memory of Tyndale, Luther, and Calvin; of Cranmer, Latimer, and +Ridley; of the seven Bishops; of Fox; of the Puritan fathers; +of Wesley and Hall; of the Reformers and Protestants of every +name, and, more than all, of our revolutionary ancestors, to +burst the fetters of party and come to the rescue of their +bleeding country, bleeding at every pore from wounds inflicted +by Democratic hands, amidst the jeers of European despots, the +shouts of foreigners in our midst, and the taunts and sneers of +Catholics and Jesuits all around us!</p> + +<p>"Let not Protestant ministers be intimidated by the impudent +assaults of a venal press, or the fierce denunciations of +infuriated politicians, from doing their whole duty in the +pulpit and at the polls. No Presbyterian has ever denied to a +Methodist the right to question his religious faith, and no +Methodist will dispute the right of other denominations to +impugn his creed. Methodists have assailed the Presbyterian +doctrine of election. Presbyterians, in turn, have assailed +their ideas of perfection and falling from grace. Both have +controverted the Baptists' views of immersion, and all have +denied the Episcopalians' doctrine of <i>apostolic succession</i>. +These and many other points of difference have, from the +foundation of our government, often been the subjects of +earnest, protracted, and excited discussion; but when did any +American Protestant ever deny to another American Protestant +the constitutional right to differ with him in opinion, and to +express that difference through the press, in the pulpit, or +any other constitutional mode? Yet, it has been reserved for +Democratic presses to attempt, for electioneering purposes, to +curb the free spirit of Protestant ministers: to denounce them +as "<span class="smcap">Reverend Hypocrites</span>;" and, when beholding at home and +abroad, on the land and on the sea, among Christians and +Pagans, in the halls of legislation, in churches and schools, +in free speech, and in a free press, and in ten thousand other +forms, the magnificent and glorious results of the Reformation, +to ask, with impudent assurance, '<span class="smcap">What has Protestantism done +for the world</span>?' Not satisfied with the storm of execration +which such an infamous interrogatory produced, the Nashville +Union and American, the leading Democratic paper in Tennessee, +in a very abusive article entitled '<i>What has it +accomplished?</i>' under date of April 26, 1856, thus speaks, +among other things, of what he styles 'the Know Nothing +Organization:'</p> + +<p>"'<i>It has done more than this: it has gone into the Church and</i> +<span class="smcap">converted the pulpit into a political rostrum</span>—<i>it has turned +the attention of the ministry from</i> <span class="smcap">the peaceful paths of +Christianity to the arena of political turmoil</span>—<i>it has pulled +down the banner of the Cross, and placed in its stead</i> <span class="smcap">the red +flag of intolerance and proscription</span>.'</p> + +<p>"While Protestant ministers, in the enjoyment of the rights +secured to them by the Constitution, have, as before stated, +often engaged in controversies with each other as to their +differences in matters of Church government and speculative +faith, they have, with one accord, from the foundation of the +government, preached and published their views against the +Roman Catholic Church—which arrogates a superiority over them +all, and stigmatizes them as sects—long before the American +party ever had an existence. But because, in the course of +events, it has become necessary for politicians to inquire what +effect an acknowledgment of the temporal supremacy of the Pope +may have upon our free institutions, the Democratic party—if +it is to be judged of by its organ—would gag the Protestant +clergy, deny to them a right which they have always exercised, +and, if they dare to oppose the colossal strides of Rome, +denounce them as having converted the pulpit into a <i>political<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> +rostrum</i>,' and as having raised '<i>the red flag of Intolerance +and Proscription</i>.'</p> + +<p>"It is not for me to prescribe, nor do I desire to dictate the +duty of Protestant ministers; but if, in the combined efforts +which the Catholics have been making under the patronage of +European despots and noblemen, and the encouragement of +Democratic demagogues in our own country, they see that this +tremendous corporation has planted its footsteps in all our +large cities—is possessing itself of the North-West and the +Mississippi valley—and is encircling them, as it were, with a +wall of fire: if they see that the newspapers and periodicals +of that corporation have published doctrines in this free +country which they would scarcely avow in the Roman Catholic +countries of Europe: if, in one word, they believe that they +are to be persecuted and exterminated by Catholics, or take +care of themselves before it is too late—then Protestant +ministers, agreeing as they do in all great doctrines, and +differing only as to those which are not absolutely essential, +will cease to disagree among themselves, at least until after +they avert a common danger, and will rally as a band of +brethren to resist, in such mode as they may deem proper, the +encroachments and the insults of Rome, and all her satellites +and allies.</p> + +<p>"If I do not greatly err in the estimate which I place upon the +Protestant clergymen of America, the Democratic party and the +Catholics will discover, sooner or later, that the same spirit +which caused the Protestant fathers to brave the perils of the +<span class="smcap">boot</span> and the <span class="smcap">stake</span>: to stand, without flinching, before such +miscreant judges as <i>Jeffreys</i> and <i>Scroggs</i>: to yield two +thousand pulpits and look beggary and starvation in the face, +rather than compromise with conscience; and, above all, to risk +the untried dangers of the ocean and settle among savages—will +nobly animate their descendants, and they will act in a manner +worthy of themselves and of the great cause which is intrusted +to their keeping.</p> + +<p>"Never was a more unfounded charge made against any party than +that of <i>proscription</i> against the American party. It is only +the political feature—the allegiance to the Pope of +Rome—which we have felt called upon especially to oppose: +leaving it to Protestant ministers to expose, if they choose, +the absurdity of Catholic theological tenets.</p> + +<p>"It is a historical fact that the Romish clergy of France in +1682, under the lead of Louis XIV., made a declaration that +'Kings and sovereigns are not subject to any ecclesiastical +power by the order of God in temporal things, and their +subjects cannot be released from the obedience which they owe +them, nor absolved from their oath of allegiance.' The doctrine +of this declaration is called indifferently 'the Gallican, or +the French, or the Cis-Alpine doctrine. That of the Court of +Rome is called the Italian, or trans-Alpine doctrine."</p> + +<p>"Under the solemn assurance of the Louisiana delegation that +the native Catholics of Louisiana do not acknowledge the +temporal supremacy of the Pope, they were admitted to +representation in the American Council and Convention, and this +fact abundantly proves that there is no desire to <i>persecute</i> +Catholics for their religion, but only a determination to +resist their political doctrine, which, although denied by Mr. +Chandler in Congress, has been incontrovertibly established by +the history of that Church for ages, the avowals of Mr. +Brownson, the rebuke of Mr. Chandler by the Dublin Tablet, and +other overwhelming proofs.</p> + +<p>"In concluding this letter, it would, perhaps, be proper to +dwell upon the claims of Messrs. Fillmore and Donelson to the +support of the American people of all parties; but their +characters are so well known, and I have already so extended my +remarks, that I deem it unnecessary to observe any thing more +than that Mr. Fillmore, by the faithful discharge of his duty, +won<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> the most cordial approbation of his political enemies as +well as political friends, and had the confidence of the whole +country when he retired from office, and has done nothing since +to destroy it; while Maj. Donelson, as our Minister to Texas, +to Prussia, and to Denmark, sustained the dignity of our +country and acquitted himself with honor—denounced the +unhallowed proceedings of the Southern Convention—struggled +manfully, as the Democratic editor of the Washington Union, in +behalf of the Compromise, and never withdrew from it until May, +1852, when, so far as I understand his course from his public +acts, being unwilling to 'blow hot and cold' on the slavery +question, and to aid the Democratic party in wearing a Northern +and a Southern face, he indignantly retired from it, and +subsequently attached himself to the American party in the hope +that it could carry on his most cherished object—the +preservation of the Union.</p> + +<p>"The object of selecting an old-line Whig and an old-line +Democrat, was to nail to the counter the charge that the +American party is the Whig party in disguise, and to induce, if +possible, conservative men of both the old parties to unite and +rescue the country from Democratic misrule.</p> + +<p>"Hundreds, thousands of Democrats in Tennessee, acting upon +their own impulses and without concert with their leaders, +attached themselves to the American party, but under the abuse +of the leaders withdrew from it. Although, personally, I have +no claims upon the Democracy, and have been always opposed to +that party, yet I would respectfully observe that first +impressions are often the best, and if such Democrats will take +the trouble faithfully and honestly to examine the questions of +the day for themselves, uninfluenced by the dictation of party +leaders on either side, they will, doubtless, find many and +cogent reasons to return to their first love.</p> + +<p>"But to such of the old-line Whigs as have not already gone +over to the Democratic party, I do feel that I have the right +through this or any other medium to address a few words. It is +well known that I have been a Whig from my boyhood, and until I +attached myself to the American party about twelve months ago; +and that, in some form or other, I have labored in behalf of +the Whig cause from my youth up—in good report and evil +report, in prosperity and in adversity, and without fee or +reward. And, with great deference to the opinions of others, I +would inquire what has any old-line Whig to gain, either for +his country or himself, by listening to the seductive +flatteries of Democracy, as he looks upon the dismembered +fragments of the Whig party, or sits, like Marius, amid the +ruins of Carthage? What party is it that has brought about the +desolation you behold? To whose strategy was it owing that the +once impregnable city was betrayed and surrounded, and its +lofty battlements levelled with the dust? What foul coalition +circumvented you, and whose pestilential breath is now +whispering in your ear? Has that party against which you have +fought for twenty years—which you have regarded as essentially +corrupt and dangerous to the Union—all at once, and by some +magical and unknown process, been cleansed of its impurities, +and does it stand before you clothed in a white and spotless +robe? What are some of the reasons why you opposed it?</p> + +<p>"It denounced proscription for opinion's sake before it came +into power, but kept the guillotine in continual motion +afterwards. It rebuked any interference with the freedom of +elections, and then denied its doctrine, and sought in +countless ways to control them. It charged the administration +of John Quincy Adams with reckless extravagance, and has +expended as much, or nearly as much, of the public treasure in +one year as he did in the course of his administration. It was +favorable to <i>a</i> bank, a judicious tariff, and internal +improvements by the general government, but has crushed beneath +its iron heel the whole American system. It promised a gold and +silver currency, and told the farmers that they and their wives +should have 'long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> silken purses, through the interstices of +which the yellow gold would shine and glitter,' but has given +us instead more than thirteen hundred State bonds, with a +capital of more than three hundred millions. It has united the +purse and the sword by means of its odious Sub-Treasury. It +trampled beneath its feet the broad seal of the State of New +Jersey, and encouraged Dorr's rebellion.</p> + +<p>"It annexed Texas and California, and has strengthened the +Abolition power. It sustains the frequent use of the veto, and +under the name of Democracy delights in the exercise of +monarchical prerogative. It proclaimed in 1844 and 1845, that +not a thimblefull of blood would be shed by any war growing out +of the annexation of Texas, when that war sacrificed thousands +of lives, and has cost us millions in money and land. It +boasted, in regard to the Oregon question, that we must have +'54° 40´ or fight,' but swallowed its own words, and in later +times has attempted to retrieve its courage by the sublime and +magnificent bombardment of Greytown! It ordered General Taylor +into the heart of the Mexican country with a feeble force, and +when his victories had won the grateful plaudits of his +countrymen, it had the unparalleled meanness, while he was +still fighting our battles, to censure the capitulation of +Monterey. It had the baseness to call General Scott from the +head of a victorious army, and to attempt to disgrace him in +the eyes of his own country and the world. It denounced Judge +White as a renegade, General Harrison as a coward, Mr. Clay as +a blackguard, and General Scott as a fool. And, without +repeating what has been already urged in regard to its attitude +upon the slavery question and the other topics that have been +discussed, I submit to the old-line Whigs that there is no +principle which the Democratic party sincerely holds in common +with them, and that they should unite with us in the effort to +man the ship of State with officers and men devoted to the +Constitution and true to the Union, in the hope that it may be +rescued from the whirlpools and breakers among which it has +been so recklessly conducted.</p> + +<p>"Having expressed myself with the independence which should +characterize a freeman, I cannot expect that a party which has +dealt in the most unmitigated denunciation of wiser and better +men than myself, will permit my observations to pass with +impunity, but I shall be amply compensated for their abuse if +abler tongues and pens will improve upon these hurried remarks, +and teach our Democratic traducers that they cannot continue, +without just retaliation, their unjustifiable assaults upon the +American party.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"Yours respectfully,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"THOS. A. R. NELSON."</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p> +<h2>PROSCRIBING FOREIGNERS—FOREIGN IMMIGRATION—FOREIGN PAUPERS AND +CRIMINALS—FOREIGNERS ELECTED GEN. PIERCE—OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN.</h2> + + +<p>The issue which most disturbs the Sag-Nicht Foreign Catholic Locofoco +Dry-rot <i>patriots</i>, of the present day, in connection with the +principles of the American party, is their <i>proscription</i> of +foreign-born citizens. If the reader will turn back to the Philadelphia +Platform, and consult the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 9th sections of that +instrument, it will be seen that the American party really proscribe +only those who are proscribed by the <i>Constitution of the United +States</i>, and the laws defining the rights of foreign-born citizens. The +American party demand the enactment of laws upon this subject more +<i>definite</i>, and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.</p> + +<p>The only <i>positive</i> work which the Constitution does, in regard to +foreigners, is to <i>proscribe</i>. It contains but five clauses touching the +subject: four of these are <span class="smcap">prohibitory</span>, and the other is simply +<i>permissive</i>. There is no guaranteeing clause whatever. We must be +pardoned for recalling the very language of the Constitution—for in +this <i>progressive</i> age, our "Young American" generation is fast losing +sight of the plainest features of that document: which, with +Fillibustering, Fire-eating agitators, is <i>Old Fogyism</i>! Let the +Constitution speak for itself:</p> + +<p>Section 5, Article II. of the Constitution says: "No person, except a +natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of +the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of +President." That is proscription.</p> + +<p>Section 3, Article XII., says: "No person constitutionally ineligible to +the office of President shall be eligible to the office of +Vice-President of the United States." That is proscription.</p> + +<p>Section 8, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Senator who shall not +have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of +these United States." That is proscription.</p> + +<p>Section 2, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Representative<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> who +shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven +years a citizen." This is proscription.</p> + +<p>These are the disabilities imposed upon Foreigners after they have been +made citizens. But, more than this, the Constitution leaves it +discretionary whether to make them citizens at all. It simply confers +the power—<i>simply permits</i>. Here is the remaining clause, to which we +have alluded:</p> + +<p>Section 8, Article I., says: "Congress shall have power to establish a +uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of +bankruptcies throughout the United States."</p> + +<p>But let us notice the matter of foreign emigration to this country. In +that fragment of a nation, composed of three and a quarter millions, +which accomplished the American Revolution, there were in the United +Colonies, in the year 1775, just 20,000 more foreigners than now come +into this country in six months!</p> + +<p>The progress of emigration into this country, as shown from the State +Department at Washington, is after this fashion:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1852,</td><td align='right'>375,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1853,</td><td align='right'>368,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1854, the returns of the first six months warrant the estimate for the entire year of</td><td align='right'>500,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>————</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>The aggregate, for the first four and a half years of this decennial term, is</td><td align='right'>1,801,000</td></tr> + + +<tr><td align='left'>There is no reason for believing that the vast immigration<br /> +of this year will diminish. In fact, there is no<br /> +limit to its rate of progress but the means of conveyance.<br /> +Now, then, we have upon this basis an aggregate<br /> +for the six years and a half intervening between<br /> +this period and 1860, of</td><td align='right'>3,250,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>————</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Making for the current ten years, the astounding aggregate of</td><td align='right'>5,051,000</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Let Americans charge continually that the righteous ground upon which it +plants itself is, THAT AMERICANS SHALL RULE AMERICA. Let them point the +voters of the country to solid facts, from which there is no escape. +Tell them that the emigration to this country, according to the Census +records at Washington, was:</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>From</td><td align='left'>1790 to 1810</td><td align='right'>120,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1810 to 1820</td><td align='right'>114,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1820 to 1830</td><td align='right'>203,979</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1830 to 1840</td><td align='right'>778,500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1840 to 1850</td><td align='right '>1,542,850</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p> + +<p>—and that statistics show that during the present decade, from 1850 to +1860, in regularly increasing ratio, nearly four millions of aliens will +probably be poured in upon us.</p> + +<p>Point to the fact, that from this immigration spring nearly four-fifths +of the beggary, two-thirds of the pauperism, and more than three-fifths +of the crime of our country; that more than half the public charities, +more than half the prisons and alms-houses, more than half the police +and the cost of administering criminal justice, are for foreigners,—and +let the demand be made, that national and State legislation shall +interfere, to direct, ameliorate, and control these elements, so far as +it may be done within the limits of the Constitution.</p> + +<p>Let Americans everywhere, and at all times, charge home and force upon +the attention of the people the alarming fact that if immigration +continues at the above rates, in thirty years from this time the +population of this country will exceed that of France, England, Spain, +Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland, all combined; that in fifteen years +the foreign will outnumber the native population; that in 1854 the +number of foreign immigrants was 500,000, of which 307,639 arrived at +the port of New York; that the white population of North Carolina is +only a little over 500,000—so that enough come to settle a State as +populous as North Carolina in a year. Set forth the statistical facts, +as shown by the last Census, that the immigration of 1854 was more than +equal to the white population of either one of eighteen States of this +Union; and in proof, point them to the following startling facts:</p> + +<p>A. Table comparing the white population of the States therein +enumerated, with the foreign immigration of 1854, and showing the excess +of foreign immigrants for this year above the respective population of +the several States.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>States.</td><td align='left'>White population.</td><td align='left'>Excess of immigrants.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Arkansas</td><td align='right'>162,189</td><td align='right'>337,811</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alabama</td><td align='right'>426,514</td><td align='right'>73,486</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>California</td><td align='right'>91,635</td><td align='right'>418,365</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>South Carolina</td><td align='right'>274,563</td><td align='right'>226,437</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Connecticut</td><td align='right'>363,099</td><td align='right'>136,901</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Delaware</td><td align='right'>71,169</td><td align='right'>328,831</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Florida</td><td align='right'>47,203</td><td align='right'>452,717</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Iowa</td><td align='right'>191,881</td><td align='right'>308,119</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Louisiana</td><td align='right'>225,491</td><td align='right'>374,509</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maryland</td><td align='right'>417,943</td><td align='right'>82,057</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Michigan</td><td align='right'>395,071</td><td align='right'>104,929</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mississippi</td><td align='right'>295,718</td><td align='right'>204,282</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New Hampshire</td><td align='right'>317,456</td><td align='right'>182,514</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New Jersey</td><td align='right'>465,509</td><td align='right'>34,491</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rhode Island</td><td align='right'>143,875</td><td align='right'>356,125</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Texas</td><td align='right'>154,034</td><td align='right'>345,946</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Vermont</td><td align='right'>213,402</td><td align='right'>186,598</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wisconsin</td><td align='right'>304,756</td><td align='right'>195,244</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p> + +<p>Analyze this table, and show from it that the foreign immigration of +1854 was sufficient to have settled three States equal to Arkansas, +three equal to Iowa, three equal to Texas, two to Louisiana, four to +Rhode Island, five to California, seven to Delaware, or ten to Florida; +so that under the principle of the Kansas and Nebraska act, while +immigrants continue pouring in upon us at the present rate, we may have +within one year ten new States applying for admission into the Union, +entitled to their twenty Senators in the United States Senate; and yet +this would be but the Senatorial representation of 500,000 foreigners.</p> + +<p>Let the light of truth be heard upon the great question of immigration, +and let the people see that if the ratio of immigration continues as it +has been since 1850, during the ten years from 1850 to 1860 there will +have come four millions of foreigners into this country—enough to +settle eighty States equal to Florida, thirty-two equal to Rhode Island, +sixteen equal to Louisiana, or eight equal to Maryland, North Carolina, +South Carolina, Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi, Vermont, Alabama, New +Hampshire, or New Jersey. So the Senatorial representation of foreigners +may reach one hundred and sixty members in the United States Senate, and +cannot be less than twenty in a body composed of but sixty-two members +representing thirty-one States.</p> + + +<h4>UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY—FOREIGNISM AND NATIVEISM.</h4> + +<p>The reader will find below a list of the names of the employees in the +Coast Survey, classified according to birth, and their respective +salaries:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Natives. </td><td align='right'>Salary.</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> Foreigners. </td><td align='right'>Salary.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>E. Nutty</td><td align='right'> $1,200</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. E. Hilgard</td><td align='right'> $2,200</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. T. Hoover </td><td align='right'>600</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> S. E. Werner</td><td align='right'> 1,419</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. H. Toomer </td><td align='right'>519</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> C. A. Schott</td><td align='right'> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. E. Blackenship </td><td align='right'>500</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Main</td><td align='right'> 1,100</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. Freeman </td><td align='right'>350</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> G. Rumpf</td><td align='right'> 1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H. Mitchell </td><td align='right'>1,000</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Weisner</td><td align='right'> 900</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H. Heaton </td><td align='right'>700</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> L. F. Pourtales</td><td align='right'> 1,500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. S. Avery </td><td align='right'>660</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> S. Hein</td><td align='right'> 2,500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Kincheloe </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Welch </td><td align='right'>1,565</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>G. C. Blanchard </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> A. Brschke</td><td align='right'> 1,408</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. E. Evans </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> —— Balback</td><td align='right'> 639</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. L. Hawkins </td><td align='right'>1,200</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> —— Lendenkehl</td><td align='right'> 782</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>W. McPherson </td><td align='right'>700</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> W. P. Schultz </td><td align='right'>704</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>W. M. C. Fairfax </td><td align='right'>1,800</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> G. McCoy </td><td align='right'>2,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>M. J. McClery </td><td align='right'>1,600</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> A. Rolle </td><td align='right'>1,700</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>—— Poterfield </td><td align='right'>1,000</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> G. B. Metzenroth </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>L. Williams</td><td align='right'> 860</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. C. Koudnip </td><td align='right'>939</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>John Key </td><td align='right'>782</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Rutherdall </td><td align='right'>526</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>—— Martin</td><td align='right'> 751</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Barrett </td><td align='right'>375</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>B. Hooe </td><td align='right'>419</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Vierbunchen </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>F. Fairfax </td><td align='right'>500</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> P. Vierbunchen </td><td align='right'>281</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H. McCormick</td><td align='right'> 156</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> T. Hunt </td><td align='right'>704</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>E. Wharton </td><td align='right'>1,100</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> J. Missenson</td><td align='right'> 626</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Knight </td><td align='right'>1,700</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> R. Schelpass</td><td align='right'> 469</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>F. Dankworth </td><td align='right'>1,700</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> C. Ramkin</td><td align='right'> 313</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. V. N. Throop </td><td align='right'>1,252</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> F. White </td><td align='right'>960</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. Knight </td><td align='right'>939</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> D. Flyn </td><td align='right'>600</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>C. A. Knight</td><td align='right'> 626</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> T. Kinney </td><td align='right'>525</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>G. Mathiot</td><td align='right'> 1,800</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> C. Kraft</td><td align='right'> 420</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>S. Harris</td><td align='right'> 519</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> B. Neff </td><td align='right'>526</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>S. D. O'Brien</td><td align='right'> 1,059</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> A. Maedell </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A. Geatman </td><td align='right'>704</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H. Tine</td><td align='right'> 626</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>$31,867</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>C. B. Snow </td><td align='right'>1,000</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Smith </td><td align='right'>593</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>G. Hitz</td><td align='right'> 313</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Cronion </td><td align='right'>519</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>A. W. Russell </td><td align='right'>1,300</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>—— Tansill </td><td align='right'>660</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>V. E. King </td><td align='right'>720</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>F. Holden </td><td align='right'>500</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Mitchell </td><td align='right'>331</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>W. Bright </td><td align='right'>216</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> ———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> $24,429</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The whole number of natives, 43; number of foreigners, 31. Amount paid +natives, $24,429; amount paid foreigners, $31,867. The average salary of +the natives is $568 12 per year; of the foreigners, $1,029 98 per +year—nearly double that of the natives. Is not this <i>favoritism</i> to the +foreigner, and <i>discrimination</i> against the native? The disbursing +officer, S. Hein, receives $2,500.</p> + +<p>The result of the last Presidential election was controlled by <i>foreign +votes</i>, beyond all question. Look at the figures—see how they foot +up—and see that the country is controlled by foreigners:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>States.</td><td align='left'>Foreign population.</td><td align='left'>Foreign vote.</td><td align='left'>Pierce's majority.</td><td align='left'>Electoral vote for Pierce.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New York,</td><td align='right'>655,224</td><td align='right'>93,317</td><td align='right'>27,201</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pennsylvania,</td><td align='right'>303,105</td><td align='right'>43,300</td><td align='right'>19,446</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maryland,</td><td align='right'>51,011</td><td align='right'>7,287</td><td align='right'>4,945</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Louisiana,</td><td align='right'>67,308</td><td align='right'>9,615</td><td align='right'>1,392</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Missouri,</td><td align='right'>76,570</td><td align='right'>10,938</td><td align='right'>7,698</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Illinois,</td><td align='right'>111,860</td><td align='right'>15,980</td><td align='right'>15,653</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Ohio,</td><td align='right'>218,099</td><td align='right'>31,157</td><td align='right'>16,694</td><td align='right'>23</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wisconsin,</td><td align='right'>110,471</td><td align='right'>15,781</td><td align='right'>11,418</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Iowa,</td><td align='right'>20,968</td><td align='right'>2,995</td><td align='right'>1,180</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rhode Island,</td><td align='right'>23,832</td><td align='right'>3,404</td><td align='right'>1,109</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Connecticut,</td><td align='right'>38,374</td><td align='right'>5,482</td><td align='right'>2,870</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Delaware,</td><td align='right'>5,243</td><td align='right'>749</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>New Jersey,</td><td align='right'>59,804</td><td align='right'>8,543</td><td align='right'>5,749</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>California,</td><td align='right'>21,628</td><td align='right'>10,000</td><td align='right'>5,694</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>————</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>——</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>258,548</td><td align='right'>120,094</td><td align='right'>152</td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>RECAPITULATION.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Pierce's vote,</td><td align='right'>1,602,663</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Scott's vote,</td><td align='right'>1,385,990</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>————</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>216,673</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Foreign vote,</td><td align='right'>367,320</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Pierce's majority,</td><td align='right'>216,673</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>————</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>150,647</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>The foreign vote exceeded Pierce's majority over Scott, 150,647 votes.</p> + +<p>It is thus demonstrated that in each of these fourteen States the +foreign vote was larger than the majority given for General Pierce; and +it is also demonstrated that the aggregate foreign vote of these +fourteen States is more than twice the whole number of General Pierce's +majorities in said States. If even one-half of the foreign vote had been +given to General Scott, he would have been elected instead of General +Pierce!</p> + +<p>The following New York City statistics set forth the amount of <i>crime</i> +committed in that city for six months ending in June, 1855:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It appears that the number of arrests made during that time +were 25,110. Of these, no less than 9,755 were for intoxication +and disorderly conduct combined; and 7,025 for crimes that had +their origin in the dram-shops, to wit:</p> + +<p>"Assault and battery, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, &c. The +greatest number of arrests were in June, showing that during +the hot weather, as is generally the case, more liquor was +drank. The birth-place of the criminals, for two months, was as +follows:</p></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>United States,</td><td align='left'>1,750</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Ireland,</td><td align='left'>5,117</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Germany,</td><td align='left'>1,010</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>All other places,</td><td align='left'>4,847</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It needs no argument to prove if there had been no +intoxicating liquor sold in that city, a large portion of the +crimes and the misery resulting therefrom would have been +prevented."</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">More Instructive Statistics.</span>—The Jersey City Sentinel of the 22d ult. +publishes statistics of crime and pauperism in Jersey City and Hudson +County, as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Number of inhabitants in Jersey City, 21,000, viz.: natives, +13,000; Irish, 5,000; other foreigners, 4,000. Number of +persons who have been confined in the city prison, 4,100, viz.: +natives, 75; Irish, 3,550; other foreigners, 475. Number of +persons confined in the county jail at present, 68, viz.: +natives, 2; Irish, 58: other foreigners, 8. Of 188 persons who +have been inmates of the Almshouse, none have been natives, and +no foreigners except Irish. Of 723 who received aid from the +Poor-master, 2 were natives, and 721 were Irish."</p></div> + +<p>We will now submit, as authorities, some names which ought to have +weight with the American people, and which demonstrate, beyond all +contradiction, that we have had "Know Nothings" in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> our country in +former days, if they were not called by that name! Here are the words +and sentiments of these "dark-lantern patriots:"</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, (I conjure +you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free +people ought to be constantly awake. It is one of the most +baneful foes of a Republican government."—<span class="smcap">Washington.</span></p> + +<p>"I hope we may find some hope in future of shielding ourselves +from foreign influence, in whatever form it may be attempted. I +wish there were an ocean of fire between this and the old +world."—<span class="smcap">Jefferson.</span></p> + +<p>"Foreign influence is a Grecian horse to the republic: we +cannot be too careful to exclude its entrance."—<span class="smcap">Madison.</span></p> + +<p>"There is an imperative necessity for reforming the +Naturalization Laws of the United States."—<span class="smcap">Daniel Webster.</span></p> + +<p>"It is high time we should become a little more Americanized, +and instead of feeding the paupers and laborers of England, +feed our own; or else, in a short time, by our present policy, +we shall become paupers ourselves."—<span class="smcap">Andrew Jackson.</span></p> + +<p>"I agree with the father of his country, that we should guard +with a jealousy becoming a free people, our institutions, +against the insidious wiles of foreign influence."—<span class="smcap">Henry Clay.</span></p> + +<p>"Our naturalization laws are unquestionably defective, or our +alms-houses would not now be filled with paupers. Of the +134,000 paupers in the United States, 68,000 are foreigners, +and 66,000 natives. The annals of crime have swelled as the +jails of Europe have poured their contents into the country, +and the felon convict, reeking from a murder in Europe, or who +has had the fortune to escape punishment for any other crime +abroad, easily gains naturalization here, by spending a part of +five years within the limits of the United States. Our country +has become a Botany Bay, into which Europe annually discharges +her criminals of every description."—<span class="smcap">John M. Clayton</span>, United +States Senator.</p></div> + +<p>Forty years ago, this subject came up in the Congress of the United +States, and that far-seeing statesman and patriot, <span class="smcap">John Randolph</span>, of +Virginia, made a speech, from which we take the following extract:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"How long the country would endure this foreign yoke in its +most odious and disgusting form he could not tell, but this he +would say, that if we were to be dictated to and ruled by +foreigners, he would much rather be ruled by a British +Parliament than by British subjects here. Should he be told +that those men fought in the war of the Revolution, he would +answer, that those who did so were not included by him in the +class he adverted to. That was a civil war, and they and we +were at its commencement alike British subjects. Native +Britons, therefore, then taking arms on our side, gave them the +same rights as those who were born in this country, and his +motion could be easily modified so as to provide for any that +might be of this description, but no such modification, he was +sure, would be found necessary, for this plain reason, to wit:</p> + +<p>"Where were the soldiers of the Revolution who were not +natives? They were either already retired or else retiring to +that great reckoning where discounts were not allowed. If the +honorable gentleman (opposing the proposition) would point his +finger to any such kind of person now living, he would agree to +his being made an exception to the amendment. It was time that +the American people should have a character of their own, and +where would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> they find it? In New England and in Virginia only, +because they were a homogeneous race—a peculiar people. They +never yet appointed foreigners to sit in that house (of +Congress) for them, or to fill their high offices. In both +States this was their policy: it was not found in, nor was it +owing to their paper constitutions, but what was better, it was +interwoven in the frame of their thoughts and sentiments, in +their steady habits, in their principles from the cradle—a +much more solid security than could be found in any abracadabra +which constitution-mongers could scrawl upon paper.</p> + +<p>"It might be indiscreet in him to say it, for, to say the +truth, he had as little of that rascally virtue, prudence, he +apprehended, as any man, and could as little conceal what he +felt as affect what he did not feel. He knew it was not the way +for him to conciliate the manufacturing body, yet he would say +that he wished with all his heart that his bootmaker, his +hatter, and other manufacturers, would rather stay in Great +Britain, under their own laws, than come here to make laws for +us, and leave us to import our covering. We must have our +clothing home-made, (said he,) but I would much rather have my +workmen home-made, and import my clothing. Was it best to have +our own unpolluted republic peopled with its own pure <i>native</i> +republicans, or erect another Sheffield, another Manchester, +and another Birmingham, upon the banks of the Schuylkill, the +Delaware, and the Brandywine, or have a host of Luddites +amongst us—wretches from whom every vestige of the human +creation seemed to be effaced? Would they wish to have their +elections on that floor decided by a rabble? What was the ruin +of old Rome? Why, their opening their gates and letting in the +rabble of the whole world to be their legislators!"</p> + +<p>"If (said he) you wish to preserve among your fellow-citizens +that exalted sense of freedom which gave birth to the +Revolution—if you wish to keep alive among them the spirit of +'76, you must endeavor to stop this flood of immigration! You +must teach the people of Europe that if they do come here, all +they must hope to receive is protection—but that they must +have no share in the government. From such men a temporary +party may receive precarious aid, but the country cannot be +safe nor the people happy where they are introduced into +government, or meddle with public concerns in any great +degree."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>"This (said Mr. Randolph) is a favorable time to make a stand +against this evil (immigration,) and if not <i>this</i> session, he +hoped that in the <i>next</i> there would be a revisal of the +naturalization laws."</p></div> + +<p>A few short epistles from the pen of Gen. <span class="smcap">Washington</span>, and we will close +this chapter. These we take from the "Papers of Washington by Sparks." +George Washington, justly styled the "father of his country," was a +great and good man—a primitive Know Nothing—a praying Protestant—and +withal, the man who was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the +hearts of his countrymen." Here are the honest sentiments of this man:</p> + +<h4> TO RICHARD HENRY LEE.</h4> +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Morristown</span>, May 17, 1777.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:—I take the liberty to ask you what Congress expects +I am to do with the many foreigners they have at different +times promoted to the rank of field-officers, and, by the last +resolve, two to that of colonels.... These men have no +attachment nor ties to the country, further than interest binds +them. Our officers think it exceedingly hard, after they have +toiled in this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> service and have sustained many losses, to have +strangers put over them, whose merit, perhaps, is not equal to +their own, but whose effrontery will take no denial.... It is +by the zeal and activity of our own people that the cause must +be supported, and not by a few hungry adventurers....</p> + +<p class="right">"I am, &c.,</p> + +<p class="right">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</p></div> + +<p>[Vol. IV., p. 423.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<h4>TO THE SAME.</h4> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Middlebrook</span>, June 1, 1777.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"You will, before this can reach you, have seen Monsieur +Ducoudray. What his real expectations are, I do not know; but I +fear, if his appointment is equal to what I have been told is +his expectation, it will be attended with unhappy consequences. +<i>To say nothing of the policy of intrusting a department, on +the execution of which the salvation of the army depends, to a +foreigner who has no other tie to bind him to the interests of +this country than honor</i>, I would beg leave to observe that by +putting Mr. D. at the head of the artillery, you will lose a +very valuable officer in General Knox, who is a man of great +military reading, sound judgment, and clear conceptions, who +will resign if any one is put over him.... I am, &c.,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>[Vol. IV., p. 446.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + + +<h4>TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, ESQ.</h4> + +<p><span class="date">"<span class="smcap">White Plains</span>, July 24, 1778.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:—The design of this is to touch cursorily upon a +subject of very great importance to the well-being of these +States: much more so than will appear at first view. I mean +<i>the appointment of so many foreigners to offices of high rank +and trust in our service</i>.</p> + +<p>"The lavish manner in which rank has hitherto been bestowed on +these gentlemen, will certainly be productive of one or the +other of these two evils—<i>either to make us despicable in the +eyes of Europe, or become a means of pouring them in upon us +like a torrent, and adding to our present burden</i>.</p> + +<p>"But it is neither the expense nor trouble of them that I +dread: there is an evil more extensive in its nature and fatal +in its consequences to be apprehended, and that is the driving +of all our own officers out of the service, and throwing not +only our army but our military councils entirely into the hands +of foreigners.</p> + +<p>"The officers, my dear sir, on whom you must depend for the +defence of this cause, distinguished by length of service, +their connections, property, and military merit, will not +submit much, if any longer, to the unnatural promotion of men +over them who have nothing more than a little plausibility, +unbounded pride and ambition, and a perseverance in application +not to be resisted but by uncommon firmness, to support their +pretensions: men who, in the first instance, tell you they wish +for nothing more than the honor of serving in so glorious a +cause as volunteers, the next day solicit rank without pay, the +day following want money advanced to them, and in the course of +a week want further promotion, and are not satisfied with any +thing you can do for them. The expediency and the policy of the +measure remain to be considered, and whether it is consistent +with justice or prudence to promote these military +fortune-hunters at the hazard of your army.</p> + +<p>"Baron Steuben, I now find, is also wanting to quit his +inspectorship for a command in the line. This will be +productive of much discontent to the brigadiers. In a word, +although I think the Baron an excellent officer, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span><i>I do most +devoutly wish that we had not a single foreigner among us, +except the Marquis de Lafayette</i>, who acts upon very different +principles from those which govern the rest. Adieu.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"I am most sincerely yours,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>[Vol. VI., p. 13.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> +<h4>TO JOHN ADAMS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.</h4> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, Nov. 27, 1794.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:—... My opinion with respect to immigration is, that +except of useful mechanics and some particular description of +men or professions, there is no need of encouragement. I am, +&c.,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>[Vol. XI., p. 1.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h4>TO J. Q. ADAMS, AMERICAN MINISTER AT BERLIN.</h4> +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Mount Vernon</span>, Jan. 20, 1799.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>:—... You know, my good sir, that it is not the policy of +this country to employ aliens where it can well be avoided, +either in the civil or military walks of life.... There is a +species of self-importance in all foreign officers that cannot +be gratified without doing injustice to meritorious characters +among our own countrymen, who conceive, and justly, where there +is no great preponderancy of experience or merit, that they are +entitled to the occupancy of all offices in the gift of their +government.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"I am, &c.,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>[Vol. XI., p. 392.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h4> +SAME DATE, TO A FOREIGNER APPLYING FOR OFFICE. +</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:—... It does not accord with the policy of this +government to bestow offices, civil or military, upon +foreigners, to the exclusion of our own citizens. Yours, &c.,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>[Vol. XI., p. 392.]</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<h4>INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL.</h4> +<p><span class="date">"<span class="smcap">War Department</span>, Feb. 4, 1799.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"... For the cavalry, for the regulations restrict the +recruiting officers to engage none <i>except natives</i> for this +corps, and those only as from their known character and +fidelity may be trusted."</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p> +<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig for March, 1856.]</h4> + +<h2>WHO IS MILLARD FILLMORE?</h2> + + +<p>A Brief history of the American nominee for the Presidency is this: He +was born in the year 1800, in Cayuga county, New York, and is now +fifty-six years of age. His father was then, as he now is, a farmer, in +moderate circumstances; and now lives in the county of Erie, a short +distance from Buffalo. The limited means of the family prevented the old +gentleman from giving his son Millard any other or better education than +was obtained in the imperfect common schools of that age.</p> + +<p>In his sixteenth year, Mr. Fillmore was placed with a merchant tailor +near his home to learn that business. He remained four years in his +apprenticeship, during which time he had access to a small library, +improving the advantages it offered by perusing all the books therein +contained. Judge Wood, of Cayuga county, pleased with his intellectual +advancement, urged him to study the profession of the law; and as his +poverty was the only obstacle in his way, Judge Wood advanced him the +necessary means, relying upon his making a lawyer, and being able by the +practice of the profession to refund the money again. With a portion of +this money young Fillmore bought his unexpired time, which was for the +winter, and he pursued his legal studies with energy and success, in the +office of the noble Judge.</p> + +<p>In 1822, he removed to Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. His +object in removing to Buffalo was to complete his studies and to obtain +a license. This accomplished, he removed to Aurora, not far from where +his parents resided, and there commenced the practice of his profession. +The confidence of his neighbors in his integrity and abilities was such +that he found himself in the midst of a lucrative practice at once. In +1826, he was married to Miss Powers, the daughter of a clergyman in the +village of Aurora, and this excellent woman lived to see him elected +Vice-President of the United States.</p> + +<p>In 1829, Mr. Fillmore was elected from the county in which he married +and where his parents lived to the General Assembly of New York, and for +three years continued a member of this body, distinguishing himself by +his energy, tact, and wisdom in legislation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> Through his energy and +speeches, <i>Imprisonment for Debt</i> was abolished, and this so increased +his popularity throughout the State, that it was apparent that he could +be elected to any office in the gift of the people of that State.</p> + +<p>In 1829, he was admitted a counsellor in the Supreme Court of New York, +and in 1832 he removed to Buffalo, where he settled permanently and +enlarged his practice as an attorney. In 1832, he was elected a +representative in the 23d Congress, in which he served with industry and +credit to himself and his district. At the end of his term he renewed +the practice of the law, of choice, but, in 1836, was prevailed on to +again serve his district in Congress; and in the celebrated New Jersey +contested elections, distinguished himself. He was chosen to the next +Congress by the largest majority ever given to any man in the district; +and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, acquired a +reputation that any man might be proud of.</p> + +<p>At the close of the 27th Congress, his friends were anxious for his +continuance in public life, but he declined. And in his address to his +constituents, dated at Washington, July 11th, 1842, he says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Pardon the personal vanity, though it be a weakness, that +induces me to recur for a moment to the cherished recollections +of your early friendship and abiding confidence. I cannot give +vent to the feelings of my heart without it. It is now nearly +fourteen years since you did me the unsolicited honor to +nominate me to represent you in the State Legislature. Seven +times have I received renewed evidence of your confidence by as +many elections, and, at the expiration of my present term, I +shall have served you three years in the State and eight years +in the National Councils. I cannot recall the thousand acts of +generous devotion from so many friends, without feeling the +deepest emotions of gratitude. I came among you a poor and +friendless boy. You kindly took me by the hand and gave me your +confidence and support. You have conferred upon me distinction +and honors, for which I could make no adequate return, but by +honest and untiring effort faithfully to discharge the high +trust which you confided to my keeping. If my humble efforts +have met your approbation, I freely admit, next to the approval +of my own conscience, it is the highest reward which I could +receive for days of unceasing toil and nights of sleepless +anxiety. I profess not to be above or below the common +frailties of our nature. I will therefore not disguise the +fact, that I was highly gratified at my first election to +Congress; yet I can truly say that my utmost ambition has been +gratified. I aspire to nothing more, and shall retire from the +exciting scenes of political strife to the quiet employments of +my family and fireside, with still more satisfaction than I +felt when first elevated to distinguished station."</p></div> + +<p>During this same year he returned to the practice of his profession, +and, in 1844, the Whig State Convention of New York put him in +nomination for the office of Governor, in opposition to Silas Wright. +This was the only conflict in which he ever suffered defeat, and the +race was close. In 1847, without seeking or desiring the highly +responsible office, he was elected Comptroller of the Finances<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> of the +State, and removed to Albany, where he discharged the duties of the +office with great credit to himself and usefulness to the State, +resigning the office in February, 1849, to enter upon the duties of the +office of Vice-President, to which he had been called by the election in +1848. Gen. Taylor dying, he became President, and every patriot in the +land remembers and admires the history of his administration. Gen. Cass +and other distinguished Democrats said his career had been one of +genuine patriotism, honor, and usefulness; and Gov. Wise, upon the stump +in Virginia, characterized it as "Washington-like;" while the Democratic +papers and orators, from Maine to California, declared that he ought to +have been nominated in lieu of Gen. Scott, because he was one of the +best men in America.</p> + +<p>He is now in Europe, familiarizing himself with the workings of the +despotic governments of that country. Before leaving, almost one year +ago, he told his friends, in answer to questions relating to the +presidency, not to start any newspapers for his benefit—not to publish +any documents—not to make any speeches, or even electioneer—and added, +that if the American people nominated him, of their own free will and +accord, he would accept their nomination, and if elected, he would serve +them to the best of his abilities. His nomination, therefore, under the +circumstances, is a great honor, and shows the implicit confidence the +real people have in the integrity, patriotism, and qualifications of the +man. That he will go into the presidential chair almost by acclamation, +we have not the shadow of doubt.</p> + +<p>As to Mr. Fillmore's chances, we consider them excellent, and growing +brighter every day. The indications are now very clear that he will +obtain a <i>plurality</i>, if not a <i>majority</i> vote, in most of the Northern +States; and under the most unfavorable circumstances, he will be sure to +divide the electoral vote of the South, so as to carry more States than +<span class="smcap">Mr. Buchanan</span>. Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama, are +the only four States we concede to the Cincinnati nominee and <i>one</i> of +these, we confidently expect to carry. Georgia and Arkansas we set down +as doubtful, and we contend that Buchanan can't get either of them +without a severe struggle.</p> + +<p>We then make this estimate, and claim as certain for <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and +<span class="smcap">Donelson</span> the following States, viz.:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Massachusetts</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Rhode Island</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>New York</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>New Jersey</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Pennsylvania</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Maryland</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Kentucky</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Tennessee</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>North Carolina</td><td align='right'>10</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Louisiana</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Missouri</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>California</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Delaware</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Florida</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p> + +<p>This makes a total of 157—<i>eleven,</i> more than is necessary to an +election. This is not an extravagant, but a very fair estimate. The +friends of the American ticket have a right to feel encouraged. With +proper exertions our ticket will carry. Let every American consider +himself a sentinel upon the watch-tower—let every friend of the party +do his duty, and the result will not be doubtful. And let all who +believe that "Americans ought to rule America," take courage—"the skies +are bright and brightening."</p> + +<p>As it regards <span class="smcap">Mr. Fillmore's</span> Americanism, <i>that</i> is settled—he has been +a Protestant American <i>fifteen years in advance</i> of the party, as it now +exists. The Hon. <span class="smcap">J. T. Headley</span>, Secretary of State of New York, +delivered a speech at the Capital of his State, March 7th, 1856, in +which he spoke of Mr. Fillmore in the following language:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Now, in the first place, he was an American years before those +who denounce him ever thought of Americanism. The Police +constable of Newburg elected last year on the American ticket, +told me, that years ago, when that well-known conflict occurred +between the citizens of Buffalo and the foreign population, +that a combination was formed called the "<i>American League</i>." +The members of this League entered into <i>a solemn compact to +stand together and fight together for the rights of Americans</i>. +This constable was at the time an humble mechanic in Buffalo, +and he said that <i>he constantly met Mr. Fillmore (who was a +member of that League with him) at the Council Room</i>. Thus you +see that those who would arrogate to themselves the title of +Americans, and yet carp at Mr. Fillmore as wanting in American +sentiment, are really recent volunteers compared with him. Mr. +Fillmore carried his American principles still farther and +became (so an officer in the same order informs me) <i>a member +of the United Americans</i>. He has always been a true American, +<i>he is now, and ever will be</i>, and is worthy to move at the +head of the glorious column over which floats the flag bearing +the inscription, 'Americans shall rule America.'"</p></div> + +<p>After the defeat of <span class="smcap">Mr. Clay</span>, in 1844, <span class="smcap">Mr. Fillmore</span> addressed him this +noble <i>American</i> letter:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Buffalo</span>, Nov. 14, 1844.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Sir</span>:—I have thought for three or four days that I +would write to you, but really I am unmanned. I have no courage +or resolution. All is gone. The last hope, which hung first +upon the city of New York, and then upon Virginia, is finally +dissipated, and I see nothing but despair depicted upon every +countenance.</p> + +<p>"For myself, I have no regrets. I was nominated for Governor +much against my will, and though not insensible to the pride of +success, yet I feel a kind of relief at being defeated. But not +so for you or the nation. Every consideration of justice, every +feeling of gratitude conspired in the minds of honest men to +insure your election, and though always doubtful of my own +success, I could never doubt yours, till the painful conviction +was forced upon me.</p> + +<p>"The Abolitionists and <i>Foreign Catholics have defeated us in +this State</i>. I will not trust myself to speak of the vile +hypocrisy of the leading Abolitionists now. Doubtless many +acted honestly and ignorantly in what they did. But it is clear +that Birney and his associates sold themselves to Locofocoism, +and they will doubtless receive their reward.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p> + +<p>"<i>Our opponents, by pointing to the Native Americans and to Mr. +Frelinghuysen, drove the Foreign Catholics from us and defeated +us in this State.</i></p> + +<p>"But it is vain to look at the causes by which this infamous +result has been produced. It is enough to say that all is gone. +I must confess that nothing has happened to shake my confidence +in our ability to sustain a free government so much as this.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>But here is one other letter, written to <span class="smcap">Isaac Newton</span>, just before <span class="smcap">Mr. +Fillmore</span> left the United States for Europe. A more patriotic letter, +breathing more of the genuine American spirit, we have never met with:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Buffalo</span>, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1855.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Respected Friend Isaac Newton</span>:—It would give me great +pleasure to accept your kind invitation to visit Philadelphia, +if it were possible to make my visit private, and limit it to a +few personal friends whom I should be most happy to see; but I +know that this would be out of my power, and I am therefore +reluctantly compelled to decline your invitation, as I have +done others to New York and Boston, for the same reason.</p> + +<p>"I return you many thanks for your information on the subject +of politics. I am always happy to hear what is going forward, +but, independent of the fact that I feel myself withdrawn from +the political arena, I have been too much depressed in spirit +to take an active part in the late elections. I contented +myself with giving a silent vote for Mr. Ullman, for Governor.</p> + +<p>"While, however, I am an inactive observer of public events, I +am by no means an indifferent one, and I may say to you in the +frankness of private friendship, that I have for a long time +looked with dread and apprehension at the corrupting influence +which the contest for the foreign vote is exerting upon our +elections. This seems to result from its being banded together, +and subject to the control of a few interested and selfish +leaders. Hence it has been a subject of bargain and sale, and +each of the great political parties of the country have been +bidding to obtain it, and, as usual in all such contests, the +party which is most corrupt is most successful. The consequence +is, that it is fast demoralizing the whole country; corrupting +the very fountains of political power; and converting the +ballot-box—that great palladium of our liberty—into an +unmeaning mockery, where the rights of native-born citizens are +voted away by those who blindly follow their mercenary and +selfish leaders. The evidence of this is found not merely in +the shameless chaffering for the foreign vote at every +election, but in the large disproportion of offices which are +now held by foreigners at home and abroad, as compared with our +native citizens. Where is the true-hearted American whose cheek +does not tingle with shame and mortification to see our highest +and most coveted foreign missions filled by men of foreign +birth to the exclusion of native-born? Such appointments are a +humiliating confession to the crowned heads of Europe that a +Republican soil does not produce sufficient talent to represent +a Republican nation at a monarchical court. I confess that it +seems to me—with all due respect to others—that, as a general +rule, our country should be governed by American-born citizens. +Let us give to the oppressed of every country an asylum and a +home in our happy land, give to all the benefits of equal laws, +and equal protection; but let us at the same time cherish, as +the apple of our eye, the great principles of constitutional +liberty, which few who have not had the good fortune to be +reared in a free country know how to appreciate and still less +how to preserve.</p> + +<p>"Washington, in that inestimable legacy which he left to his +country—his farewell address—has wisely warned us to beware +of foreign influence as the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> most baneful foe of a republican +government. He saw it to be sure in a different light from that +in which it now presents itself; but he knew it would approach +us in all forms, and hence he cautioned us against the +<i>insidious wiles of its influence</i>. Therefore, as well for our +own sakes, to whom this invaluable inheritance of +self-government has been left by our forefathers, as for the +sake of unborn millions who are to inherit this land—foreign +and native—let us take warning of the Father of his Country, +and do what we can justly to preserve our institutions from +corruption and our country from dishonor, but let this be done +by the people themselves in their sovereign capacity by making +a proper discrimination in the selection of officers, and not +by depriving any individual—native or foreign-born—of any +constitutional or legal right to which he is entitled.</p> + +<p>"These are my sentiments in brief; and although I have +sometimes almost despaired of my country when I have witnessed +the rapid strides of corruption, yet I think I perceive a gleam +of hope in the future, and I now feel confident, that when the +great mass of intelligence in this enlightened country is once +fully aroused, and the danger manifested, it will fearlessly +apply the remedy, and bring back the government to the pure +days of Washington's administration. Finally, let us adopt the +old Roman motto, '<i>Never despair of the Republic.</i>' Let us do +our duty, and trust in that Providence which has so signally +watched over and preserved us for the result. But I have said +more than I intended, and much more than I should have said to +any one but a trusted friend, as I have no desire to mingle in +political strife.</p> + +<p>"Remember me kindly to your family, and believe me truly your +friend,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>In March, 1851, <span class="smcap">Lewis Cass</span>, than whom there is not a more devoted +partisan in the Democratic ranks, delivered a speech on the floor of the +United States Senate, in the course of which he paid the following just +compliment to Mr. Fillmore's integrity, and to his efficiency in +"<i>pacifying the country</i>," while he was President. We quote from the +Congressional Globe, and hold it up as a withering rebuke to those +"lesser lights" of Democracy, who are now defaming this pure and +patriotic statesman:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Administration has placed itself high in the great work of +<i>pacifying the country</i>, and they received the meed of +approbation from political friends and political foes. <i>I +partake of the same sentiment.</i> I do them justice. But I am a +Democrat, and, God willing, I mean to die one. This is a Whig +administration, but there is no reason I should not do them +justice; and I do it with pleasure, in this great matter of +<i>the salvation of this country</i>—if I may say so. I have done +so; shall continue to do so, whatever sneers their papers may +contain; for I do it not for their sake, but <i>for the sake of +their country</i>."</p></div> + +<p>The <i>Democratic Review</i>—the highest Democratic authority in the United +States—for December, 1855, commenting upon the Compromise Measures of +1850, thus spoke of Mr. Fillmore, in a moment of candor, long before Mr. +Fillmore was nominated by the American party for the Presidency:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Momentous events were transpiring. The agitation of the +question of slavery was paramount in the public mind. In this +crisis, it was well that so reliable a man as Mr. Fillmore was +found in the Presidential chair. The safety and perpetuity of +the Union were threatened. Already had fanaticism<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> raised its +hydra-head. Schemes and 'isms' leaped from a thousand +ambuscades. The enemies of the Union started forth on every +side—Abolitionism here; secessionism there; acquisition and +filibusterism elsewhere. These were the formidable elements of +misrule with which the Executive had to cope. How well he met, +and how entirely he for the time overcame these enemies of the +peace of the republic, we leave the historian to relate; but +our retrospect would be incomplete and disingenuous, did we not +accord the meed of praise justly due to high moral excellence +and intellectual and administrative honesty and talent, as +developed in the administration of Mr. Fillmore."</p></div> + +<p>Since the foregoing was prepared for the press, Mr. Fillmore's letter of +acceptance has come to hand, greatly to the annoyance of the Democratic +and anti-American fuglemen and politicians. We congratulate the country +upon the patriotic, national, and <i>truly American</i> spirit which pervades +this chaste and well-written document. It is just what we expected from +<i>one of the very first men in the Nation</i>. His reference to his past +course as a guaranty for the future is well-timed. <i>Sectional</i> +legislation he is opposed to; and sectional agitation he will use his +influence to suppress. We ask every man into whose hands this work shall +fall, to read this admirable letter for himself: it is worthy of the man +and the times; nay, it is the letter of a patriot and a statesman—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Who for his country feels alone,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And loves her weal, beyond his own."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[COPY.]</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, Feb. 26th, 1856.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><i>To the Hon. Millard Fillmore</i>:</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:—The National Convention of the American party, which has +just closed its session in this city, has unanimously chosen +you as the candidate for the Presidency of the United States in +the election to be held in November next. It has associated +with you Andrew Jackson Donelson, Esq., of Tennessee, as the +candidate for the Vice-Presidency.</p> + +<p>The Convention has charged the undersigned with the agreeable +duty of communicating these proceedings to you, and of asking +your acceptance of a nomination which will receive not only the +cordial support of the great national party in whose name it is +made, but the approbation also of large numbers of other +enlightened friends of the Constitution and the Union, who will +rejoice in the opportunity to testify their grateful +appreciation of your faithful service in the past, and their +confidence in your experience and integrity for the guidance of +the future.</p> + +<p>The undersigned take advantage of this occasion to tender to +you the expression of their own gratification in the +proceedings of the Convention, and to assure you of the high +consideration with which they are yours, &c.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Alexander H. H. Stuart</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Andrew Stewart</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Erastus Brooks</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">E. B. Bartlett</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Wm. J. Eames</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Ephraim Marsh</span>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date"><i>Committee, &c.</i></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Paris</span>, May 21st, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>:—I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your +letter informing me that the National Convention of the +American party, which had just closed its session at +Philadelphia, had unanimously presented my name for the +Presidency of the United States, and associated with it that of +Andrew Jackson Donelson for the Vice-Presidency. This +unexpected communication met me at Venice on my return from +Italy, and the duplicate, mailed thirteen days later, was +received on my arrival in this city last evening. This must +account for my apparent neglect in giving a more prompt reply.</p> + +<p>You will pardon me for saying that when my administration +closed in 1853, I considered my political life as a public man +at an end, and thenceforth I was only anxious to discharge my +duty as a private citizen. Hence I have taken no active part in +politics. But I have by no means been an indifferent spectator +of passing events; nor have I hesitated to express my opinion +on all political subjects when asked; nor to give my vote and +private influence for those men and measures I thought best +calculated to promote the prosperity and glory of our common +country. Beyond this I deemed it improper for me to interfere. +But this unsolicited and unexpected nomination has imposed upon +me a new duty, from which I cannot shrink; and therefore, +approving, as I do, of the general objects of the party which +has honored me with its confidence, I cheerfully accept its +nomination, without waiting to inquire of its prospects of +success or defeat. It is sufficient for me to know that by so +doing I yield to the wishes of a large portion of my +fellow-citizens in every part of the Union, who, like myself, +are sincerely anxious to see the administration of our +government restored to that original simplicity and purity +which marked the first years of its existence; and, if +possible, to quiet that alarming sectional agitation, which, +while it delights the Monarchists of Europe, causes every true +friend of our own country to mourn.</p> + +<p>Having the experience of past service in the administration of +the Government, I may be permitted to refer to that as the +exponent of the future, and to say, should the choice of the +Convention be sanctioned by the people, I shall, with the same +scrupulous regard for the rights of every section of the Union +which then influenced my conduct, endeavor to perform every +duty confided by the Constitution and laws to the Executive.</p> + +<p>As the proceedings of this Convention have marked a new era in +the history of the country, by bringing a new political +organization into the approaching Presidential canvass, I take +the occasion to reaffirm my full confidence in the patriotic +purposes of that organization, which I regard as springing out +of a public necessity, forced upon the country, to a large +extent, by unfortunate sectional divisions, and the dangerous +tendency of those divisions towards disunion. It alone, in my +opinion, of all the political agencies now existing, is +possessed of the power to silence this violent and disastrous +agitation, and to restore harmony by its own example of +moderation and forbearance. It has a claim, therefore, in my +judgment, upon every earnest friend of the integrity of the +Union.</p> + +<p>So estimating this party, both in its present position and +future destiny, I freely adopt its great leading principles as +announced in the recent declaration of the National Council at +Philadelphia, a copy of which you were so kind as to enclose +me, holding them to be just and liberal to every true interest +of the country, and wisely adapted to the establishment and +support of an enlightened, safe, and effective American policy, +in full accord with the ideas and the hopes of the fathers of +our Republic.</p> + +<p>I expect shortly to sail for America; and, with the blessings +of Divine Providence, hope soon to tread my native soil. My +opportunity of comparing my own country and the condition of +its people with those of Europe, has only served to increase my +admiration and love for our own blessed land of liberty,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> and I +shall return to it without even a desire ever to cross the +Atlantic again.</p> + +<p>I beg of you, gentlemen, to accept my thanks for the very +flattering manner in which you have been pleased to communicate +the results of the action of that enlightened and patriotic +body of men who composed the late Convention, and to be assured +that</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">I am, with profound respect and esteem,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">Your friend and fellow-citizen,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">MILLARD FILLMORE.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Messrs. Alex. H. H. Stuart, Andrew Stewart, Erastus Brooks, E. +B. Bartlett, Wm. J. Eames, Ephraim Marsh, <i>Committee</i>.</p></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p> + +<h2>WHO IS ANDREW J. DONELSON?</h2> + + +<p>This gentleman being now the nominee of the American party for the +office of Vice-President, naturally attracts much of public attention; +and as a matter to be looked for, and not at all to be regretted, draws +down upon him great abuse and slander from the hireling editors of the +corrupt party opposing him. We will let a neighbor of Major Donelson, +who has had access to his papers, and who has prepared and published in +the <i>Nashville Banner</i> a sketch of his life, answer the question +propounded at the head of this chapter:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Mr. Donelson</span> is the second son of Samuel Donelson, deceased, +who was the brother of the late Mrs. Jackson. His eldest +brother died in 1817, soon after the Creek War, in which he +participated as a soldier under General Jackson. His death was +announced to Mr. Donelson by General Jackson in the following +terms: 'Whilst we regret his loss, he has left us the endearing +recollection that there was not a stain upon his character. He +has performed his duty here below, and has taken his flight to +realms above, as unspotted as an angel. What a lesson he has +given us! How delightful to dwell upon the idea that he has +walked in the paths of virtue during his whole life, without a +blemish on his character, and that all his friends may recount +his acts with pride and pleasure!' The younger brother is still +living in the paternal mansion, and was a member of the last +Legislature of Tennessee. The mother of these children +afterwards married Mr. James Sanders, of Sumner county, +Tennessee, and is still enjoying good health. She is the only +daughter of Gen. Daniel Smith, who was one of the surveyors of +the line between Virginia and North Carolina, and succeeded +Gen. Jackson in the Senate of the United States.</p> + +<p>"General Smith had an important agency in shaping the early +history of Tennessee—having represented a portion of the +people in the North Carolina Legislature, and in the Convention +which ratified the Constitution of the United States. He was +also Secretary of the Territory, and a member of the Convention +of 1796. He was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to +Tennessee soon after he had surveyed the line between that +State and North Carolina, having, while in the execution of +that service, seen the fine lands in Middle Tennessee. He +settled the lands upon which his grandson, Henry Smith, now +resides; and built the mansion, which is still there, at a +period when the men engaged in quarrying the rock had to be +guarded from the attacks of the Indians.</p> + +<p>"The father of Samuel Donelson, Col. John Donelson, was also a +native of Virginia, and at onetime a Representative of one of +her oldest counties, Pittsylvania, in the House of Burgesses. +He possessed in an eminent degree the respect of the Provincial +Governor of that Commonwealth, from whom he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> received the +appointment of Indian Commissioner about the year 1770; and it +is to his bold and enterprising spirit that we are in a great +measure indebted for the Indian Treaties which extended the +settlements of Virginia through Kentucky to the Ohio river. He +left Port Patrick Henry in 1779, descending the Tennessee river +with all his family, in boats built on the Holston, and came up +the Cumberland in those boats as high as the Clover Bottom, +encountering incredible toils and dangers. Three years +afterwards, in 1793, in conjunction with Col. Martin, he +concluded an Indian Treaty, by which the settlements on the +Cumberland river were greatly benefited; but he had, previously +to his departure from Virginia, under a contract with Georgia, +explored the country, and run the line between that State and +North Carolina, as far west as the Mississippi river. After +settling his family near the present site of the Hermitage, he +was killed by the Indians, on a journey to Kentucky, near the +Big Barren River, at the advanced age of 75.</p> + +<p>"Samuel Donelson was a lawyer by profession, and the intimate +friend and associate of Gen. Jackson, after whom he named his +son Andrew, who was born on the 25th of August, 1800. On the +second marriage of his mother, this son was taken into the +family of the General, who became his guardian and patron; and +he remained the most of his time with him until he was prepared +to enter the Cumberland College. After finishing his studies at +this school, Gen. Jackson obtained for him a Cadet's warrant, +which enabled him to enter the Military Academy at West Point, +in 1816. He was one of the first class which was graduated +under the superintendence of Col. Thayer—finishing the course +of studies in three, instead of four years; as is customary. +Throughout his service at West Point, he was distinguished for +his proficiency in mathematics, and for the facility with which +he mastered all the studies which appertain to military +science. No higher proof need be adduced of this fact, than the +position assigned to him by the Board of Examiners and +Visitors, when he graduated. He was placed No. 2, in a class of +great merit, notwithstanding he had the studies of two years to +pass through in one year, and was recommended to the Department +of War for a commission in the Engineer Corps—a compliment +accorded only to the most distinguished of the class.</p> + +<p>"After obtaining his commission, Mr. Donelson was ordered to +the Western frontier to build a fort; but before he reached +this destination, the War Department, on the application of +Gen. Jackson, allowed him to accept the appointment of +Aide-de-camp in the staff of the General. In this capacity he +attended the General when he took possession of the Floridas, +and remained with him until the latter resigned his commission +in the army.</p> + +<p>"At this period, Mr. Donelson seeing no prospect for rapid +promotion in the corps of Engineers, and sharing the conviction +then so prevalent in the army, that the conclusion of the war +with England had shut the door for a long time to come against +those military enterprises which are so tempting to the officer +and soldier, and feeling also that he could be more useful in +the pursuits of civil life, turned his attention to the study +of law. He accordingly resigned his commission; and after +attending the course of law lectures in the Transylvania +University, then under the presidency of Dr. Holly, he received +his license, and appeared at the Nashville bar in 1823, having +formed a partnership with Mr. Duncan. Circumstances, however, +soon occurred, which withdrew him in a great degree from the +practice. General Jackson was again in the field as a candidate +for the Presidency, and needed the services of a confidential +friend to aid him in repelling the bitter assaults which were +made upon his character and services. Animated by a deep sense +of gratitude, no duty could be more pleasing to Mr. Donelson +than that of contributing his labor to advance the great +popular movement which aimed, by the elevation of his +benefactor and friend, to promote the highest interests of the +country. He therefore cheerfully entered again into the +General's family, and travelled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> with him to Washington City +after the elections in 1824. Those elections devolved the +choice of President upon the House of Representatives. Mr. +Adams was the successful candidate, although Gen. Jackson had a +much larger popular vote, and was evidently the favorite of the +people.</p> + +<p>"As is well known to the country, the result of that election +gave increased force to the sentiment which had placed Gen. +Jackson in nomination. The efforts of his friends throughout +the Union became more active, and were never abated until the +decision of the House of Representatives in 1824 was reversed, +and Gen. Jackson placed in the Presidential chair. During these +four years, Mr. Donelson, who had married in 1824, settled upon +his plantation adjoining the Hermitage, and continued there to +promote the cause he had espoused so warmly in the beginning.</p> + +<p>"When the elections of 1828 were over, Gen. Jackson insisted +upon the acceptance by Mr. Donelson of the post of private +Secretary. Mr. D. accordingly set out with him in the winter of +1828 for the city of Washington, taking with him his wife, whom +he had married in 1824. This lady was the youngest daughter of +Capt. John Donelson, and was invited by Gen. Jackson to do the +honors of the White House—a position which she held throughout +the greater portion of his Presidency.</p> + +<p>"It was in this capacity that Mr. Donelson endeared himself +still more than ever to the Hero of the Hermitage. He spent the +prime of his life, from 1828 to 1836, in his service, and he +felt himself amply rewarded by the knowledge he thus acquired +of public men and measures.</p> + +<p>"At the close of Gen. Jackson's Presidency, Mr. Donelson +declined to take office under Mr. Van Buren, being anxious for +a respite from public affairs, and to enjoy the pleasures of +his farm; upon which he remained until he was called +unexpectedly to take a part in the negotiation which brought +Texas into our Union. It was upon this theatre that he +displayed the judgment and tact which brought him prominently +before the country as a man that understood the public +interests, and knew how to take care of them.</p> + +<p>"The commission appointing Mr. Donelson Minister to Texas is +dated the 16th of September, 1844. Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary +of State, in the letter enclosing the commission, says:</p> + +<p>"'The state of things in Texas is such as to require that the +place (Charge d'Affaires) should be filled without delay, and +to select him who, under all circumstances, may be thought best +calculated to bring to a successful decision the great question +of annexation pending before the two countries. After full +deliberation, you have been selected as that individual; and I +do trust, my dear sir, that you will not decline the +appointment, however great may be the personal sacrifice of +accepting. That great question must be decided in the next +three or four months; and whether it shall be favorable or not, +will depend on him who shall fill the mission now tendered you. +I need not tell you how much depends on its decision for weal +or woe to our country, and perhaps the whole continent. It is +sufficient to say that, viewed in all its consequences, it is +one of the first magnitude; and that it gives an importance to +the mission at this time, that raises it to the level with the +highest in the gift of the Government.</p> + +<p>"Assuming, therefore, that you will not decline the +appointment, unless some insuperable difficulty should +interpose, and in order to avoid delay, a commission is +herewith transmitted, without the formality of waiting your +acceptance, with all the necessary papers.'"</p></div> + +<p>President Polk, after this, confided an important and most critical +foreign negotiation to Major Donelson; and his estimate of the prudence, +discretion, and ability with which Major Donelson discharged his trust, +appears from a letter to Major D. from the Hon.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> John Y. Mason, +President Polk's Secretary of War, dated August 7th, 1845. From that +letter, complimentary from beginning to end, we copy only this portion:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The services which you have rendered your country in the +delicate negotiations intrusted to you, are justly appreciated. +<i>Your prudence, discretion, and ability have inspired the +President with a confidence which would make him feel much more +at ease if that delicate task could be in your hands.</i></p> + +<p>"It gives me great pleasure to assure you that <i>the publication +of your official correspondence will give you a most enviable +reputation for the highest qualities of a statesman and +diplomatist</i>.</p> + +<p>"The President unites in the kindest regards, with your friend,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"J. Y. MASON."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">President Pierce's</span> opinion of Major Donelson may be learned from the +following letter, written by him to the Major when the latter was the +editor of the <i>Washington Union</i>, the National Organ of the Democratic +party:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Concord</span>, May 30, 1851.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Sir</span>: I rejoice that the leading organ of our party is +now under your control, and regard the change as most +auspicious at this juncture. There is a great battle before +us—a battle for the Union—a battle for the ascendency of the +principles, the maintenance of which so nobly signalized the +administration of General Jackson. <span class="smcap">The tone, vigor, and +statesmanlike grasp</span> <i>which you have brought to the columns of +the Union are not merely important, they are</i> <span class="smcap">absolutely +indispensable</span> <i>in this crisis</i>.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"With great respect, your friend and servant,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"FRANK. PIERCE."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The following article is from the <i>Nashville Union</i>, of October 15, +1844, the Tennessee Organ of Democracy, published within a few miles of +where Major Donelson lives, and has passed most of his life. This +article shows what opinion was entertained of him before he became a +<i>Know-Nothing</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The diplomatic agency of this government in Texas is, at this +moment, the most important mission abroad; although it ranks +with those of the second class, its high and important duties +require the talents of one every way qualified for the first +foreign mission on the globe.</p> + +<p>"<i>We congratulate the administration on having been able to +secure the services of one so eminently qualified in all +respects for the station, whose thorough knowledge of the +relations subsisting between the two countries, and whose +intimate acquaintance with the prominent statesmen of this and +that government, will place him in the enjoyment of advantages +which cannot fail to secure to us the most desirable results.</i></p> + +<p>"Major Donelson leaves his plantation near the Hermitage +to-day—proceeding overland to the Mississippi river on his way +to the Texan Capital—and we cannot but participate in the +painful emotions with which the word 'farewell' will be +exchanged between himself and his venerable patron, friend, and +relative, 'The Sage of the Hermitage.'</p> + +<p>"In view of the advanced age of General Jackson, it is more +than probable that they may never meet again. A relationship +next to that of father and son, if, indeed, it be not equally +near and dear, will be severed perhaps for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> ever. And we feel +assured that nothing short of a sense of <span class="smcap">duty to his country</span> +could have induced an acceptance of the mission. Nor, for this +patriotic reason, would the aged veteran advise him to decline +it.</p> + +<p>"Major D. leaves a host of good and true friends, who will +continue to have an abiding solicitude for his health and +happiness, and for his early and complete success in 'extending +the area of freedom.'"</p></div> + +<p>Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State under Gen. Taylor, wrote to Major +Donelson, announcing the expiration of the diplomatic relations between +the United States and Germany, (where the Major was stationed,) and +closed with the following complimentary expressions:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"I am directed by the President to express to you his entire +approbation of your conduct, and I cannot take leave of you in +your public character without adding my testimony to that of +the President to the ability and faithfulness with which you +have discharged the arduous and delicate duties which your +mission imposed upon you.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"JOHN M. CLAYTON."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The Democratic party having always boasted that Gen. Jackson was +unsurpassed in his keen and unerring insight into the characters of men, +we must be permitted to call their attention to a clause in the <i>Last +Will and Testament</i> of Gen. Jackson, as recorded in the county of +Davidson. This clause sets forth the estimate placed upon Mr. Donelson +by the old General, after this fashion:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Hermitage</span>, June 7, 1843.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>... "I bequeath to my well-beloved nephew, Andrew J. Donelson, +son of Samuel Donelson, deceased, the elegant sword presented +to me by the State of Tennessee, with this injunction, that he +fail not to use it when necessary in support and protection of +our glorious Union, and for the protection of the +constitutional rights of our beloved country, should they be +assailed by foreign enemies or <i>domestic traitors</i>. This, from +the great change in my worldly affairs of late, is, with my +blessing, all that I can bequeath him, doing justice to those +creditors to whom I am responsible. This bequest is made as a +memento of the high regard, affection, and esteem I bear for +him as a <i>high-minded, honest, and honorable man</i>."</p></div> + +<p>And now, to show that Gen. Jackson had not changed his opinion of the +Major, we give about the last epistle he ever wrote to him, as it bears +date but a few days previous to his death:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Hermitage</span>, May 24, 1845.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Andrew</span>: I received last night your affectionate letter +of the 15th inst., with the enclosed for your dear Elizabeth, +which I sent forthwith, and your kind letter of the 13th this +morning. Your family were here yesterday. All well, but looking +out for you hourly. I assured Elizabeth that you could not +leave your mission before the Texan Congress acted upon the +subject with which you were charged. I shall admonish her to be +patient and await your return, which will be the moment your +honor and duty will permit.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>"My dear Andrew:—What may be my fate God only knows. I am +greatly afflicted—suffer much, and it will be almost a miracle +if I shall survive my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> present attack. I am swollen from the +toes to the crown of the head, and in bandages to my hips.</p> + +<p>"How far my God may think proper to bear me up under my weight +of afflictions, he only knows. But, my dear Major, live or die, +you have my blessing and prayers for your welfare and happiness +in this world, and that we may meet in a blissful immortality.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"Your affectionate uncle,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"ANDREW JACKSON."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>While editor of the <i>Washington Union</i>, Major Donelson frankly admitted, +in his account of the election in Tennessee, between Gov. Campbell and +Gen. Trousdale, that the latter owed his defeat to his opposition to the +Compromise measures, and his sympathies with the Disunionists. In the +<i>Hartford</i> Convention held in Nashville, the Major appeared in person, +and denounced the whole concern as a blow at the Union, and its prime +movers and advocates as <i>traitors to their country and to the +Constitution</i>. These <i>Secession</i> Democrats, headed by A. V. Brown, +Eastman & Co., are uncompromising in their hatred of the Major, and they +never will forgive him, while he remains true to the Union of these +States, and the Constitution as it is, which will be to the latest hour +of his earthly existence! Had he never opposed the <i>treasonable</i> designs +of the Nashville Convention—and had he not advocated the doctrines of +the American party, these same men would now be loud in his praise, as +the relative, the political student, and the <i>successor</i> of the Sage of +the Hermitage!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span></p> +<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.]</h4> + +<h2>BUCHANAN NOMINATED AT CINCINNATI.—DISPERSION OF FALSTAFF'S ARMY!</h2> + + +<p>The Cincinnati Anti-American, Anti-Protestant, Foreign Catholic, +Locofoco Pow Wow, has met—transacted its appropriate +business—nominated old Federal James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, for the +Presidency, and Robert C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for the Vice +Presidency—and dispersed: dealing largely in the old game of <i>brag</i>, as +to the <i>nationality</i>, <i>soundness</i>, and <i>ability</i> of their ticket; when +it is notorious, that they have at the head of their ticket one of the +most vulnerable men in the nation; an old political hack, who has been +"every thing by turns and nothing long;" advocating and opposing all the +leading measures which have agitated the country for the last forty +years, as we shall show in the sequel!</p> + +<p>They had an awful time at Cincinnati! They organized by calling to the +chair, temporarily, the notorious <i>Sam'l. Medary</i>, the Abolition editor +of the Ohio Statesman. Either the anti-slavery forces were in the +majority, or the "odds and ends" of all parties represented in the +Convention desired to conciliate the Abolition and Black Republican +wings of their <i>Foreign Corporation</i>!</p> + +<p>The Missouri Delegation were refused their seats, and they openly +rebelled, forcing their way into the Convention with <i>clubs</i>, knocking +down and cruelly mangling the head and shoulders of the poor doorkeeper! +From this, it would seem that they were doing business with <i>closed +doors</i>! Wonder if they had a <i>password</i>! Had they "signs and grips," +other than those by which they made themselves known to the +<i>doorkeeper</i>?</p> + +<p>Did they carry with them "dark-lanterns?" Not they—they are opposed to +all <i>secrecy</i>—they are opposed to all disorderly conduct—they are the +"harmonious Democracy," and labor alone for the good of the country, and +of posterity! What a farce their Cincinnati Convention was! And what +hypocrites they are!</p> + +<p>But two full sets of Delegates appeared from New York, and claimed their +seats; these were <i>Hards</i> and <i>Softs</i>—Pierce and +<i>anti</i>-Pierce—Nebraska and <i>anti</i>-Nebraska—pro-Slavery and +<i>anti</i>-Slavery,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> <i>Filibustering Foreign Catholic Democrats</i>! Being +unable to agree among themselves, and the Convention not wishing to +<i>offend</i> either of these wings of the "great Harmonious Democratic +Party," they rejected both delegations! This was having a bad effect, as +a portion of each delegation was out of doors cursing the majority, and +making threats as to what they would do. So the Convention reconsidered +their cases, and ADMITTED BOTH DELEGATIONS TO SEATS. They then +progressed "harmoniously," much after the style of a rickety old cart on +a hill-side, drawn by a balky horse, whose driver curses him when at +fault, and curses him when faultless.</p> + +<p>Frequently the scenes of confusion and excitement were alike disgusting +and alarming. The friends of Douglass, Pierce, and Buchanan, were alike +bitter, and each disposed to ruin the party if they should fail to get +their man nominated. The anti-slavery portion of the Convention were +much incensed against the South for the "<i>lam-basting</i>" given to +<i>Senator Sumner</i> by <i>Representative Brooks</i>, for words spoken in debate. +One of Buchanan's men boasted that the assault of Brooks on Sumner had +gained <i>twenty</i> votes for "Old Buck!" And others of the Buchanan wing, +out of doors, were stating that they had reliable evidence that "Old +Buck" did not approve the assault, while Pierce and Douglass did! We +have no doubt that this sort of influence, added to Buchanan's <i>known +hostility to slavery</i>, secured for him the nomination. And, as if +desirous to atone for the sin against the South of nominating an old +<i>Anti-Slavery Federalist</i>, they came into a Southern State, Kentucky, +and selected a young and inexperienced politician, Mr. Robert C. +Breckenridge, for the Vice Presidency. As Breckenridge is brave, and has +challenged his man for a <i>duel</i>, they can now turn about and appeal to +the Church-going folks to sustain their ticket <i>for what</i> they implored +them to repudiate the Whig ticket in 1844! Besides, Breckenridge +<i>approves</i> the basting of Sumner by Brooks, and this will <i>offset</i> +Buchanan's opposition to that <i>Southern Democratic measure</i>! +Breckenridge has another virtue, which aided in securing his nomination. +Though the nephew of those <i>able Know-Nothing Presbyterian Preachers</i> of +that State, he has the independence to come out in opposition to them, +and the insulting claims set up by <i>Protestants generally</i>, and to +advocate and defend the Roman Catholics.</p> + +<p>The "rich and racy" scenes that came off in the Convention, we will +leave our several friends from Nashville, who were there as reporters in +the Convention for the American papers, to set forth. With more truth +than poetry, the "unterrified Democracy" convened at Cincinnati can say, +"Our army swore terribly in Flanders!" And how could it have been +otherwise? The Convention<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> was large—composed of several hundred +delegates, drawn together from all sections of the country, East, West, +North, and South—"held together by the cohesive power of public +plunder"—and representing every variety and shade of opinion known and +held under the much abused but comprehensive name of Democracy! Nor was +the moral and personal character of the Convention less mixed and +many-colored than was its politics.</p> + +<p>In looking over the proceedings of this coalition and combination of +Bogus Democrats, Foreign Pauper Advocates, and anti-Protestant lovers of +Religious Liberty, we have looked in vain for the names of distinguished +Tennesseeans, who ought to have been second best, to say the least of +it, in the ballots for a nomination! It was that Aaron V. Brown, "the +son of a now sainted father," was put in nomination for the office of +Vice President, by a Mr. Brown, supposed to be his nephew; but making no +run at all, he was taken off the track instantly—rubbed down and salted +away!</p> + +<p>But Andrew Johnson, who was to have been nominated for the first office +within the gift of the American people and no mistake, (!) was not even +named, and some say he was not even thought of for the position. We had +supposed that there existed among the leaders of the self-styled +Democracy, a determination to doom to utter extinction the light that +has guided the children of Political Reform in Tennessee, and throughout +the known world, and now we know it! The opposers of intellectual +emancipation, of "Jacob's Ladder Democracy," so superior to +Christianity, have triumphed at Cincinnati, and trampled under foot, +with impunity, the soul-stirring doctrine of "converging lines." The +next steps with these "enemies of righteousness" will be the rack, the +gibbet, and a second edition of the infernal inquisition! Will the +friends of the "White Basis" Governor of Tennessee tamely surrender +their dearest rights to these Cincinnati <i>crusaders</i>, without a single +struggle? Will they allow the saddle of Federal domination to be quietly +thrown on their backs? Ye Greene county delegates forbid it!</p> + +<p>But Johnson is doomed to an inglorious retirement from public life. He +can console himself with the reflection, that rank only degrades—wealth +only impoverishes—ornaments but disfigure him! The man who discovered +that the Bogus Democracy of the nineteenth century leads fallen sinful +man to the throne of God, needs no office to elevate him. These Johnson +Democrats enjoy the pure religion of Democracy—a religion which enters +the closet—pours forth its supplications in private, feeds the poor, +clothes the naked—inflames not the prejudices of Protestant sects—is +modest and unassuming in its demeanor—is charitable and kind to the +persecuted and pious Catholics—bears with the infirmities of Foreign +Paupers—is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> not ambitious and designing, seeking to accomplish vast +schemes by doubtful means!</p> + +<p>While Old Federal Buck was nominated on the seventeenth ballot, after +much excitement, wrangling and abuse, young Breckenridge, whose only +merit is his having challenged the Hon. Francis B. Cutting, of New York, +to fight a duel, two years ago, was nominated on the second ballot. The +ballot for a candidate for the Vice Presidency resulted as follows:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky,</td><td align='right'>55</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>John A. Quitman, of Mississippi,</td><td align='right'>59</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Linn Boyd, of Kentucky,</td><td align='right'>33</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama,</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia,</td><td align='right'>31</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Thomas J. Rusk, of Texas,</td><td align='right'>2</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wm. H. Polk, of Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. C. Dobbin, of North Carolina,</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>A second ballot was entered into, when Hon. John C. Breckenridge, of +Kentucky, was unanimously chosen.</p> + +<p>Tennessee, in voting for a Presidential candidate, voted SIX times for +Pierce, and EIGHT times for Douglass, and never came over to old Federal +Buck until they could do nothing for Pierce or Douglass. Buck seems to +have been a fill for Tennessee! But now, the Tennessee Democracy say:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"With hounds and horn,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At rosy morn,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We <i>Bucks</i> a hunting go!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Well, we Americans will get after Old Buck's venison too, and between +this and November next, many will be the steak we shall eat out of his +old Federal carcass. It is venison worthy of the chase, for</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">——"Finer or fatter<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ne'er roamed in the forest,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or smoked in a platter."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>So—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Hi, ho, Chevy,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hark away, hark away, tantivy,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Here rests the burthen of my song,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">This <i>time</i> a stag must die."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>But Democracy have commenced their old game of brag, by puffing their +ticket as a national and conservative ticket, the very thing they +denied. Now let us look into the soundness and nationality of the HEAD +of the ticket. We have before us a copy of a work published in 1839, by +Robert Mayo, M. D., entitled,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> "Political Sketches of Eight Years in +Washington, in four parts." This work has gone through various editions, +having been published by Fielding Lucas, Jr., of Baltimore; Garret +Anderson, of Washington; J. R. Smith, of Richmond; Carey, Hart & Co., of +Philadelphia, and by others in New York and Boston. On page 38 of this +work, which Mr. Buchanan has never contradicted, he is reported to have +denounced the visions, patronage, and corruptions of the Democratic +Administrations, while he, Buchanan, was a member of the Old Federal +Party.</p> + +<p>On page 6 of this work, in the preface, the author says, in speaking of +Buchanan before he turned Democrat:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The declarations of some of these new disciples of Democracy +in past times are striking enough. MR. BUCHANAN of +PENNSYLVANIA, while he acted in his true character, DECLARED +THAT IF HE HAD A DROP OF DEMOCRATIC BLOOD IN HIS VEINS, HE +WOULD LET IT OUT! He put his royal declaration on paper, and it +has risen up against him."</p></div> + +<p>A recent brief memoir of Mr. Buchanan, put forth in Pennsylvania, states +that he was elected to the Legislature in 1815, where he distinguished +himself by those exhibitions of intellect which gave promise of future +eminence. The Lancaster <i>Register</i>, published in the immediate vicinity +of Mr. Buchanan's residence, asks <i>by whom</i> was he elected? and thus +supplies the record for 1815:</p> + + +<h4>ASSEMBLY.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>For</td><td align='left'>JAMES BUCHANAN,</td><td align='left'>Federal</td><td align='left'>3051</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Molton O. Rogers,</td><td align='left'>Democrat</td><td align='left'>2502</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>The memoir sets forth that Mr. Buchanan was elected to Congress in 1820, +and that he retained his position in that body for ten years, +voluntarily retiring.</p> + +<p>The Lancaster <i>Register</i> inquires if he were elected as a <i>Democrat</i>, +and answers the inquiry by the following historical facts:</p> + +<h4>Congress.</h4> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1820—</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>4642</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Jacob Hibsman, Democrat</td><td align='left'>3666</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1822—</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>2153</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Jacob Hibsman, Democrat</td><td align='left'>1940</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1824—</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>3560</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Samuel Houston, Democrat</td><td align='left'>3046</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1826—</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>2760</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Dr. John McCamant, Democrat</td><td align='left'>2307</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1828—</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Jackson</td><td align='left'>5203</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>William Hiester, Adams</td><td align='left'>3904</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>The Lancaster <i>Register</i> then pursues its criticism as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"On the 4th of July, 1815, Mr. Buchanan, when he was a +candidate for Assembly on the <i>Federal ticket</i>, delivered 'an +oration' in Lancaster, in which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> he showed his <i>love</i> of +Federalism and <i>hatred</i> of Democracy, by attacking the +Administration of James Madison. He said:</p> + +<p>"'Time will not allow me to enumerate all the other evils and +wicked projects of the Democratic administration.'</p> + +<p>"And again, in the same oration, he said:</p> + +<p>"'What must be our opinion of an opposition whose passions were +so dark and malignant as to be gratified in endeavoring to +blast the character and imbitter the old age of Washington? +After thus persecuting the saviour of his country, <i>how can the +Democratic party dare to call themselves his disciples</i>?'"</p></div> + +<p>And who does not recollect, in Tennessee, with what force and effect +JAMES C. JONES used to point out JAMES BUCHANAN as one of the <i>rank old +Federalists</i> who had come over to the Democratic ranks, and was battling +with <i>Col. Polk</i>, side by side, while he was consuming half his time in +abuse of the Federal party? When the Democratic candidate for Congress +in this District, JULIUS W. BLACKWELL, charged <i>Federalism</i> upon the +Whig party, who does not recollect with what effect and spirit JOHN H. +CROZIER ran over the list of ODIOUS OLD FEDERALISTS, then fighting under +the Democratic flag, among them naming out JAMES BUCHANAN? And will not +the files of the KNOXVILLE POST, edited by Capt. JAMES WILLIAMS, show +how he held up JAMES BUCHANAN and others as an <i>old Federalist of the +first water</i>?</p> + +<p>On the subject of <i>Slavery</i> the memoir is not definite, and the +Lancaster Register comes to its aid by publishing the following +proceedings of a public meeting held in that city on the 23d of +November, 1819:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the people of this State, pursuing the maxims and +animated by the beneficence of the great founder of +Pennsylvania, first gave effect to the gradual abolition of +slavery by a national act, which has not only rescued the +unhappy and helpless African within their territory from the +demoralizing influence of slavery, but ameliorating his state +and condition throughout Europe and America; and whereas, it +would illy comport with those humane and Christian efforts to +be silent spectators when this great cause of humanity is about +to be agitated in Congress, by fixing the destiny of the new +domains of the United States: therefore,</p> + +<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the representatives in Congress from this +district be and they are hereby most earnestly requested to use +their utmost endeavors, as members of the National Legislature, +to prevent the existence of slavery in any of the Territories +or new States which may be created by Congress.</p> + +<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, As the opinion of this meeting, that as the +Legislature of this State will shortly be in session, it will +be highly deserving of their wisdom and patriotism to take into +their early and most serious consideration the propriety of +instructing our representatives in the National Legislature to +use the most zealous and strenuous exertions to inhibit the +existence of slavery in any of the Territories or States which +may hereafter be created by Congress; and that the members of +Assembly from this county be requested to embrace the earliest +opportunity of bringing this subject before both Houses of the +Legislature.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p> + +<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That, in the opinion of this meeting, the members +of Congress who at the last session sustained the cause of +justice, humanity, and patriotism, in opposing the introduction +of slavery into the State then endeavored to be formed out of +the Missouri Territory, are entitled to the warmest thanks of +every friend of humanity.</p> + +<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the proceedings of this meeting be published +in the newspapers in this city.</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">James Hopkins</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Wm. Jenkins</span>,</span><br /> +<span class="date">JAMES BUCHANAN."</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The foregoing resolutions being read were unanimously adopted, +after which the meeting adjourned. (Signed)</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">WALTER FRANKLIN, Ch'n.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Attest—<span class="smcap">Wm. Jenkins</span>, Sec'y."</p></div> + +<p>The "Perry County Democratic Press," for April 9th, 1856, an able paper +published at Bloomfield in Pennsylvania, shows up the <i>Federal +anti-slavery, anti-Democratic, turn-coat character</i> of Mr. Buchanan, +after this fashion:</p> + +<h4> + JAMES BUCHANAN'S SOMERSETS. +</h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"No man in the United States has turned his political coat as +often as James Buchanan. He has espoused the principles of +every party that has had an existence since the memorable +Hartford Convention, and has been on all sides of political +questions.</p> + +<p>"A brief reference to his history will establish conclusively +our assertions."</p> + + +<h4>HIS FEDERALISM.</h4> + +<p>"He entered political life in 1814 as a rank Federalist, and by +the Federal party he was elected to the Legislature of the +State. He was re-elected in 1815, defeating Molton C. Rogers, +the Democratic candidate, and afterwards one of the Supreme +Judges of the State.</p> + +<p>"In 1820, he was the Federal candidate for Congress, and was +elected over Jacob Hibsman, the Democratic candidate, by 976 +majority. In 1822, he was reëlected over the same man by 813 +majority. In 1824, he was the Federal candidate for Congress, +and elected over Samuel Houston, the Democratic candidate, by +519 votes. In 1826, he was re-elected over Dr. John McCamant, +the Democratic candidate, by 453 votes. His majorities were +becoming less each time, and in order to satisfy his Federal +friends of his fidelity to the party, he had to declare that +'if he had a drop of Democratic blood in his veins, he would +open them and let it out.'"</p> + + +<h4>HE BECOMES A DEMOCRAT.</h4> + +<p>"Two years after this, he changed his coat and became a +full-blooded Democrat, and ran for Congress as the Democratic +candidate, and was elected by virtue of General Jackson's +popularity. He was afraid to run a second term, and he +declined."</p> + + +<h4>HIS TEN CENT SPEECH.</h4> + +<p>"In 1843, in the United States Senate, he made a speech +advocating the principle that ten cents is a sufficient +compensation for a day's labor. Hence he is called 'Ten Cent +Jimmy.'</p> + +<p>"In 1845, he became Secretary of State under Polk's +administration, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> consented to give away about half of the +Territory of Oregon to the British government, after he had +proven that they had not a spark of title to it.</p> + +<p>"He extolled the Federal administration of John Adams, and +endorsed the abominable Alien and Sedition laws of the Federal +reign of terror. He bitterly denounced the administration of +that pure Democrat, James Madison, and ridiculed what he termed +the follies of Thomas Jefferson."</p> + + +<h4>HIS SLAVERY SOMERSETS.</h4> + +<p>"In 1819, at a meeting in Lancaster, he reported resolutions +favoring resistance to the extension of slavery and the +admission of the State of Missouri as a slave State.</p> + +<p>"In 1847, he wrote to the Democracy of Berks county, saying +that the Missouri Compromise had given peace to the country, +and that instead of repealing it he was in favor of its +extension and maintenance.</p> + +<p>"In 1850, in a letter to Col. Forney, he rejoiced over the +settlement of the slavery agitation by the passage of the +compromise measures during Fillmore's administration, and hoped +that before a dissolution of the Union he might be gathered to +his fathers, and never be permitted to witness the sad +catastrophe.</p> + +<p>"In 1852, he wrote to Mr. Leake, of Virginia, concerning +Fillmore's compromise measures of 1850, which had been passed +by Congress, and said, 'that the volcano has been extinguished, +and the man who would apply the firebrand to the combustible +materials still remaining, will produce an eruption that will +overwhelm the Constitution and the Union."</p> + + +<h4>BUCHANAN'S LAST SOMERSET.</h4> + +<p>"On the 28th of December, 1855, about three months ago, Mr. +Buchanan, in a letter to John Slidell, of Louisiana, says: 'The +Missouri Compromise is gone, and gone for ever. It has +departed. The time for it has passed away, and the best, nay, +the only mode now left of <i>putting down</i> the fanatical and +reckless spirit of the North is to adhere to the existing +settlement without the slightest thought or appearance of +wavering, and without regarding any storm which may be raised +against it."</p></div> + +<p>Here, then, is an authentic record—if the reader please, a GILT-FRAME +PENNSYLVANIA LOOKING-GLASS, in which the Democracy of the South who +admire the nominee of the late Cincinnati Convention can <i>see him as he +is</i>! Heretofore, to use the language of Holy Writ, they have seen him +"through a glass darkly, but now face to face." Here they see him +standing erect upon the floor of the United States Senate, in all the +pride of that <i>aristocracy</i> which has characterized his course in life, +and giving vent to the old and bitter feelings of the <i>royalists</i> in +Pennsylvania, by advocating the <i>oppressive British doctrine</i>, that TEN +CENTS PER DAY <i>is enough for a poor white man as a day-laborer</i>! And +here, too, our hard-fisted working-men, North and South, can see what +sort of a man the Democracy are asking them to vote for for the +Presidency!</p> + +<p>In his Fourth of July oration in 1815, delivered in the hearing of an +immense crowd, and afterwards published in all the leading papers of +Pennsylvania, Mr. Buchanan came out as a <i>Know-Nothing</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> which he has +now to repudiate in stepping upon the <i>Anti-American Catholic Platform</i> +prepared for him at Cincinnati! Here is what he said in that celebrated +oration:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The greater part of those foreigners who would not be thus +affected by it, have long been the warmest friends of the +party. They had been <i>one of the great means of elevating the +present ruling</i> (Democratic) party, and it would have been +ungrateful for that party to have abandoned them. To secure +this foreign feeling has been the labor of their leaders for +more than twenty years, and well have they been paid for their +trouble, for it has been one of the principal causes of +introducing and continuing them in power. Immediately before +the war this foreign influence had completely embodied itself +with the majority, particularly in the West, and its voice was +heard so loud at the seat of government, that President Madison +was obliged either to yield to its dictates or retire from +office. The choice was easily made by a man who preferred his +private interests to the public good, and therefore hurried us +into a war for which we were utterly unprepared."</p></div> + +<p>And then again:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"We ought to use every honest exertion to turn out of power +those weak and wicked men whose wild and visionary theories +have been tested and found wanting. Above all, we ought to +drive from our shores foreign influence, and cherish American +feeling. Foreign influence has been in every age the curse of +republics—its jaundiced eye sees every thing in false +colors—the thick atmosphere of prejudice by which it is ever +surrounded, excluding from its sight the light of reason. Let +us then learn wisdom from experience, and for ever banish this +fiend from our country."</p></div> + +<p>And here is what JACKSON thought of BUCHANAN. The Democratic Washington +correspondent of the New York Evening Post, who was favorable to the +nomination of Pierce, makes this statement—a statement we have often +heard before, and never heard contradicted:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"On the night before leaving Nashville to occupy the White +House, Mr. Polk, in company with Gen. Robert Armstrong, called +at the Hermitage to procure some advice from the old hero as to +the selection of his cabinet. Jackson strongly urged the +President-elect to give no place in it to Buchanan, as he could +not be relied upon. It so happened that Polk had already +determined to make that very appointment, having probably +offered the situation to the statesman of Pennsylvania. This +fact induced Gen. Armstrong subsequently to tell Jackson that +he had given Polk a rather hard rub, as Buchanan had already +been selected for Secretary of State. 'I can't help it,' said +the old man: 'I felt it my duty to warn him against Mr. +Buchanan, whether it was agreeable or not. Mr. Polk will find +Buchanan an unreliable man. I know him well, and Mr. Polk will +yet admit the correctness of my prediction.'</p> + +<p>"It was the last visit ever made by Mr. Polk to the old hero +when this unavailing remonstrance was delivered, but the new +President, long before the end of his administration, had +reason to acknowledge its propriety and justice, and in the +diary kept by him during that period may still be read a most +emphatic declaration of his distrust of Mr. Buchanan. Every one +is aware of two marked instances in which, as Secretary of +State, the latter failed to support the policy of the +administration, viz., on the question of the tariff of 1846, +and the requisition of the ten regiments voted by Congress for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> +the Mexican war. On both of these measures he was known to be +opposed to the wishes of Mr. Polk."</p></div> + +<p><i>Mr. Charles Irving</i>, the Democratic editor of the Lynchburg Republican, +and a delegate at Richmond in the State Convention, thus disposes of Mr. +Buchanan in a long and able letter, dated May 7th, 1856:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"If silence during the battle constitutes a claim for office, +how can the South expect Northern statesmen to uphold her +banner, when abolitionists are seeking to tear it to tatters? +If an ability to get free-soil votes makes a candidate +available, and that species of availability is recognized as a +merit at the South, Northern statesmen should court +free-soilers, and not struggle with them, if they wish to be +Presidents. Such availability may be very desirable to those +who wish success alone, but those who look to the interests of +the country may well be excused if they prefer a different +standard. I certainly <i>prefer</i> that the South shall PREFER the +selection, not only of a sound man, but that she shall vote for +the nomination of no man upon any such ground of availability. +The coming election must settle the slavery agitation. I do not +wish a single free-soiler to vote the Democratic ticket, nor +will I willingly afford them the slightest excuse for so doing. +A prominent North-West Democrat told me to-day, that the +nomination of Mr. Buchanan would enable Trumbull, Wentworth, +and other free-soilers to come back into the party. I am not +anxious to get back such characters. These are some reasons for +not preferring Mr. Buchanan.</p> + +<p>"But there is still another reason. That reason is in his +record. To carry the entire South, we must have not only a +sound man, but one who is above impeachment—whose record is as +stainless as the principles he advocates. Is such the case with +Mr. Buchanan? Let the record answer.</p> + +<p>"On the 27th of December, 1837, Mr. Calhoun submitted to the +Senate that celebrated series of resolutions, the great objects +of which were to set forth with precision and force the +constitutional rights of the slaveholding States, and to +attract to their support an enlightened public opinion against +the attacks of Northern fanaticism. The second resolution was +in these words: (Calhoun's Works, volume 3, page 140.)</p> + +<p>"'<i>Resolved</i>, That in delegating a portion of their powers to +be exercised by the Federal Government, the States retained +severally the exclusive and sole right over their own domestic +institutions and police, and are alone responsible for them, +and that any intermeddling of any one or more States, or a +combination of their citizens, with the domestic institutions +and police of the others, on any ground or under any pretext +whatever, political, moral, or religious, with a view to their +alteration or subversion, is an assumption of superiority not +warranted by the Constitution, insulting to the States +interfered with, tending to endanger their domestic peace and +tranquillity, subversive of the objects for which the +Constitution was formed, and, by necessary consequence, tending +to weaken and destroy the Union itself.'</p> + +<p>"Mr. Morris of Ohio, who was then the only avowed Abolitionist +in the Senate, moved to strike out the words 'moral and +religious.' Had the motion prevailed, the effect would have +been to encourage agitation in the form in which it would be +most likely to be fatal to the South. It would have been a +direct encouragement to the Abolitionized clergy of the North +to take the very course which was taken by the 'three thousand +and fifty divines' who, in 1854, sacrilegiously assumed, 'in +the name of Almighty God, and in his presence,' to denounce the +repeal of the Missouri Compromise as 'a violation of plighted +faith and a breach of a national compact.' Subsequent events +have abundantly attested the truth of what Mr. Calhoun said, +when arguing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> against the motion, 'that the whole spirit of the +resolution hinged upon that word <i>religious</i>.'</p> + +<p>"The vote taken on Mr. Morris's amendment stood as follows: +(Congressional Globe, volume 6, page 74.)</p> + +<p>"Yeas—Messrs. Bayard, <span class="smcap">Buchanan</span>, Clayton, Davis, McKeon, +Morris, Prentiss, Robbins, Ruggles, Smyth of Indiana, +Southward, Swift, Tipton, and Webster—14.</p> + +<p>"Nays—Messrs. Allen, Black, Brown, Calhoun, Clay of Alabama, +Clay of Kentucky, Cuthbert, Fulton, Hubbard, King, Knight, +Linn, Lumpkin, Lyon, Nicholas, Niles, Norvell, Pierce, Preston, +Rives, Roane, Robinson, Sevier, Smyth of Connecticut, Strange, +Walker, Wall, White, Williams, Wright, and Young—31.</p> + +<p>"The fifth resolution to which Mr. Calhoun here referred, and +which he justly regarded as the most important of all, and +struggled most perseveringly to have passed without amendment, +was strictly as follows:</p> + +<p>"'Resolved, That the intermeddling of any State or States, or +their citizens, to abolish slavery in this District, or in any +of the Territories, on the ground, or under the pretext, that +it is immoral or sinful, or the passage of any act or measure +of Congress, with that view, would be a direct and dangerous +attack on the institutions of all the slaveholding States.'</p> + +<p>"This resolution covered the whole premises. It met the issue +boldly and fully. No Southern Democrat can hesitate to say that +it embodied a great truth, to which events have borne emphatic +testimony. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, moved to strike it out, and +insert the following as a substitute:</p> + +<p>"'Resolved, That when the District of Columbia was ceded by the +States of Virginia and Maryland to the United States, domestic +slavery existed in both of those States, including the ceded +territory; and that, as it still continues in both of them, it +could not be abolished within the District without a violation +of that good faith which was implied in the cession, and in the +acceptance of the territory, nor unless compensation were made +for the slaves, without a manifest infringement of an amendment +of the Constitution of the United States, nor without exciting +a degree of just alarm and apprehension in the States +recognizing slavery, far transcending, in mischievous tendency, +any possible benefit which would be accomplished by the +abolition.' (Congressional Globe, vol. 6, page 58.)</p> + +<p>"The utter insufficiency of this temporizing amendment scarcely +need be pointed out. Objectionable as it was in conceding to +Congress the constitutional power to abolish slavery in the +District of Columbia, and declaring against the exercise of +that power only on the ground of inexpediency, it was still +more so in this, that it made no reference whatever to the +territories of the United States. The passage of Mr. Calhoun's +resolution would have committed the Senate, not only against +the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, but +against the application of the Wilmot Proviso and kindred +measures to the Territories. Mr. Clay's amendment was entirely +silent on the subject. It is true, that in another resolution +which he proposed to have adopted as an additional amendment, +it was declared that the abolition of slavery in the Territory +of Florida would be highly inexpedient, for the principal +reason 'that it would be in violation of a solemn compromise +made at a memorable and critical period in the history of this +country, by which, while slavery was prohibited north, it was +admitted south of the line of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes +north latitude.' The defect in the first amendment can hardly +be considered by Southern men as remedied by another which +recognized the binding force of the Missouri Compromise.</p> + +<p>"On the question to strike out Mr. Calhoun's resolution, and +insert Mr. Clay's as an amendment, after it had been modified +by striking out the part relating to compensation for slaves, +the vote stood—yeas 19, nays 18. (Congressional<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> Globe, vol. +6, page 62.) <i>Mr. Buchanan's name stands recorded in the +affirmative.</i></p> + +<p>"On a subsequent occasion, Mr. Calhoun, with a view to infuse +vitality into Mr. Clay's amendment, moved to insert that any +attempt of Congress to abolish slavery in the Territories, +'would be a dangerous attack upon the States in which slavery +exists.' Mr. Buchanan opposed the amendment, and it was in +reply to his speech that Mr. Calhoun made the remarks which may +be found in the third volume of his works, pages 194 to 196, +and which he commenced by saying that 'the remarks of the +Senator from Pennsylvania were of such a character that he +could not permit them to pass in silence.'</p> + +<p>"From these votes, and this language of Mr. Buchanan, it is +clear:</p> + +<p>"1st. That he was not opposed to the <i>religious</i> agitation of +the slavery question—a species of agitation which Mr. Calhoun +justly regarded as more fatal than any other.</p> + +<p>"2d. That he recognized the constitutional power of Congress to +abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, opposing its +existence only on the ground of its inexpediency—a proposition +which the position of Mr. Van Buren shows affords no reliable +protection to Southern institutions.</p> + +<p>"3d. That he refused to commit himself fully on the great +question as to the power of Congress over the Territories of +the United States, and as far as he did go, evidently left it +to be understood that the abolition of slavery by Congress in +those Territories would be no attack on the States in which it +exists.'</p> + +<p>"If his opinions, in these respects, have undergone any +material change, the country has not yet been authoritatively +apprised of the fact. The reflections cast by him on the +institution of slavery, in one of his speeches in England, and +the studied design he has manifested to keep aloof from the +excitement growing out of the repeal of the Missouri +Compromise, are not well calculated to inspire confidence, that +if his views have undergone any change, it has been a change +for the better."</p></div> + +<p>After thus disposing of the <i>slavery issue</i>, <i>Mr. Irving</i> thus turns to +the <i>Tariff Question</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"So much for the slavery issue. How does Mr. Buchanan stand +upon the tariff? Will the Sentinel say that he is sound, or +justify his 'low wages' speech? How does he stand upon the +French Spoliation bill, which President Polk and President +Pierce vetoed? Everybody knows that he was in favor of it. How +does he stand upon the Pacific Railroad? He declared himself in +favor of an appropriation of public money to build it, as is +notorious. In fact, is there a single Federal measure except +that of the United States Bank, upon which he is not recorded +against Democratic principles? How can we hope to carry the +united South with such a record? Will Southern Democrats +overlook this record? Will Northern Nebraska men overlook this +ignoring of Pierce and Douglass? Is there no danger that in +admitting the abolitionist Trumbull, we may not dishearten the +gallant Douglass? Is there no fear that in reinstating the +free-soil Hickman, who is in favor of Reeder, we may not palsy +the arm of Richardson? In fine, is there no fear that in hoping +for free-soil aid, we may not lose the few real friends the +South has in the North? It is evident to the commonest +understanding, that the first step of Northern Black +Republicanism is to kill off all those influential men at the +North, like Pierce or Douglass, who have actively participated +in the fight for our rights. Is not the South aiding them in +this first step, when it not only ignores its own sons, but +also ignores, upon the ground of availability, those Northern +men identified with the late Kansas-Nebraska bill? This is a +question the South would do well to ponder. If Mr. Buchanan is +to be nominated,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> and Pierce and Douglass in the North ignored, +let the responsibility rest elsewhere than upon the State of +Virginia. He may be, and probably is sound, but these are times +when more than ordinary caution is necessary. It may become the +duty of the South to support him. When that time arrives I can +discharge the duty; but I do think that the reasons above +stated exempt me from any blame for not advocating him until +that responsibility devolves upon me. Very respectfully, <span class="smcap">Chas. +Irving</span>.</p></div> + +<p>The Southern Dough-faces of the Foreign Catholic party pretend to hold +Mr. Fillmore responsible for a letter he wrote more than twenty years +ago, in which he answers certain interrogatories in reference to +slavery, <i>affirmatively</i>, and in opposition to the extension of slavery! +The <i>latest</i> record of Buchanan is in 1844, and proves him to be an +ABOLITIONIST OF THE BLACKEST DYE. About the last speech he ever made in +Congress, was IN OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY, in secret session of the Senate, +just before Mr. Polk, in opposition to the wishes of Gen. Jackson, gave +him a seat in his cabinet. This speech will be found in the +Congressional Globe for 1844, an extract from which is in these +<i>explicit</i> and <i>memorable</i> words:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In arriving at the conclusion to support this treaty, I had to +encounter <i>but one serious obstacle</i>, <span class="smcap">and that was the question +of slavery</span>. Whilst I have ever maintained, and ever shall +maintain, in their full force and vigor, the constitutional +rights of the Southern States over their slave property, I yet +feel a strong repugnance by any act of mine to extend the +limits of the Union over a new slaveholding territory. After +mature reflection, however, I overcame these scruples, and now +believe that the acquisition of Texas will be the means of +limiting, not enlarging, the dominion of slavery.</p> + +<p>"In the government of the world, Providence generally produces +great changes by gradual means. There is nothing rash in the +counsels of the Almighty. May not, then, the acquisition of +Texas be the means of gradually drawing the slaves far to the +South to a climate more congenial to their nature; and may they +not finally pass off into Mexico, and <span class="smcap">there mingle with a race +where no prejudice exists against their color</span>? The Mexican +nation is composed of Spaniards, Indians, and Negroes, blended +together in every variety, who would receive our slaves on +terms of perfect social equality. To this condition they never +can be admitted in the United States.</p> + +<p>"That the acquisition of Texas would ere long convert Maryland, +Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and probably others of the more +Northern Slave States, into free States, I entertain not a +doubt....</p> + +<p>"But should Texas be annexed to the Union, causes will be +brought into operation which must inevitably remove slavery +from what may be called the farming States. From the best +information, it is no longer profitable to raise wheat, rye, +and corn, by slave labor. Where these articles are the only +staples of agriculture, in the pointed and expressive language +of Randolph, if the slave does not run away from his master, +the master must run away from the slave. The slave will +naturally be removed from such a country, where his labor is +scarcely adequate to his own support, to a region where he can +not only maintain himself, but yield large profits to his +master. Texas will open an outlet; and slavery itself may thus +finally pass the Del Norte, and be lost in Mexico. One thing is +certain, the present number of slaves cannot be increased by +the annexation of Texas.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p> + +<p>"I have never apprehended the preponderance of the slave States +in the councils of the nation. Such a fear has always appeared +to me visionary. But those who entertain such apprehensions +need not be alarmed by the acquisition of Texas. More than +one-half of its territory is wholly unfit for the slave labor; +and, therefore, in the nature of things must be free. Mr. Clay, +in his letter of the 17th of April last, on the subject of +annexation, states that, according to his information—</p> + +<p>"'The Territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five +States of convenient size and form. Of these, two only would be +adapted to those peculiar institutions (slavery) to which I +have referred; and the other three, lying west and north of San +Antonio, being only adapted to farming and grazing purposes, +from the nature of their soil, climate, and productions, would +not admit of these institutions. In the end, therefore, there +would be two slave and three free States probably added to the +Union.'</p> + +<p>"And here permit me to observe, that there is one defect in the +treaty which ought to be amended if we all did not know that it +is destined to be rejected. The treaty itself ought to +determine how many free and how many slave States should be +made out of this territory."</p></div> + +<p>On the 11th of April, 1826, James Buchanan, who is now being supported +by <i>Southern slaveholders</i>, made a speech in Congress, <i>eleven years +after</i> his Fourth of July oration, from which the following is taken:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Permit me here, Mr. Chairman, for a moment, to speak upon a +subject to which I have never before adverted upon this floor, +and to which, I trust, I may never again have occasion to +advert. I mean the subject of slavery. I BELIEVE IT TO BE A +GREAT POLITICAL AND A GREAT MORAL EVIL. I THANK GOD, MY LOT HAS +BEEN CAST IN A STATE WHERE IT DOES NOT EXIST.... IT HAS BEEN A +CURSE ENTAILED UPON US BY THAT NATION WHICH MAKES IT A SUBJECT +OF REPROACH TO OUR INSTITUTIONS." (See Gales and Seaton's +Register of Debates, page 2180, vol. ii., part 2.)</p></div> + + +<h4>MORE BUCHANAN ANTECEDENTS.</h4> + +<p>When a "<i>Uniform Bankrupt Law</i>" was enacted by Congress, after the +election of General Harrison, there were on the files of the Judiciary +Committee of the Senate <i>fifty-one petitions</i>, praying for the passage +of such a law. Twenty-nine of these were from New York, five from New +Jersey, three from Ohio, two from Indiana, two from Massachusetts, and +<i>one</i> from each of the States of Tennessee and Mississippi. There were +<i>twenty-five</i> other petitions praying for "<i>A General Bankrupt Law</i>;" +<i>fifteen</i> of which were from New York, and eight from Pennsylvania; and +how will the Democracy like to see it hereafter proven that BUCHANAN +presented these petitions, and voted for the law? If it shall turn out +that "Old Buck" did really go for the "odious Bankrupt Law," let his +friends defend him on the ground that his <i>State</i> desired it, and had +always favored the measure!</p> + +<p>In the House of Representatives, in Congress, January 3, 1815, <i>Mr. +Ingersoll</i>, a notorious Democrat from Pennsylvania, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> <i>Boy Tory</i> of +the war of the Revolution, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported +a bill to establish <i>a uniform law of Bankruptcy throughout the United +States</i>! If these facts should not turn out to be a sufficient +justification of <i>Mr. Buchanan's course</i>, provided he went for this +Bankrupt Law, let his friends present these facts, and show that he was +in good old Federal Democratic <i>company</i>:</p> + +<p>NUMBER 1. On the 5th of September, 1837, Mr. Van Buren's <i>Democratic</i> +Secretary of the Treasury made a report to Congress, praying the passage +of a <i>uniform Bankrupt Law</i>, which was referred to the Committee on the +Judiciary.</p> + +<p>NUMBER 2. On the 13th day of January, 1840, <i>Mr. Norvell</i>, a Democratic +Senator from Michigan, moved that the Judiciary be instructed to inquire +into the expediency of reporting a bill for the establishment of a +<i>General Bankrupt Law</i>.</p> + +<p>NUMBER 3. On the 22d of April, 1840, <i>Garret D. Wall</i>, a flaming +Democratic Senator in Congress, reported certain amendments to a +Bankrupt Law, from a minority of the Committee; which were referred to +the Senate's select Committee, and reported by Mr. Wall, and passed—21 +to 19—and sent to the House.</p> + +<p>NUMBER 4. In the Senate, July 23, 1841, <i>Mr. Nicholson</i>, a Democratic +Senator from Tennessee, delivered an able speech in favor of a uniform +system of Bankruptcy, and moved to amend the bill then pending, by +inserting "BANKS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS;" which motion was lost by a +vote of 34 to 16.</p> + +<p>NUMBER 5. That great light of Democracy, <i>Col. Richard M. Johnson</i>, late +Vice-President of the United States, wrote and spoke in favor of a +General Bankrupt Law. In a letter of his, now before us, dated +Washington, January 18, 1841, he says, speaking of such a law: "<i>My +opinion is that it will redound to the honor of our country.</i>"</p> + +<p>But we will do Mr. Buchanan justice, by stating that he said he would +vote <i>against</i> the Bankrupt Law of 1840, because he did not like its +features. When Mr. Webster spoke in favor of the law, and of the +character of the <i>petitioners</i>, many of whom presented their petitions +through Mr. Buchanan, the latter spoke on the 24th of February, 1840; +and, to satisfy Mr. Webster and others that he was not opposed to the +<i>principle</i> in former days, stated, "<i>He came to the other House of +Congress, many years since</i>, A FRIEND OF A BANKRUPT LAW. The subject was +before the House when he entered the body twenty years ago." He added, +"He was <i>open to conviction</i>, and might change his purpose!"</p> + +<p>Thus, it will be seen that Mr. Buchanan, in this, as in every thing +else, <i>was on both sides</i>! And how does it look in a Presidential +candidate, to have supported a <i>General Bankrupt Law</i> for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> the relief of +<i>rich, extravagant, and aristocratic</i> gentlemen, and then to turn round +and advocate "ten cents per day" for poor folks and laboring men? It +will look rather bad; but, then, Sag Nicht Democracy can go any thing! +This old "ten cents per day" champion of Democracy advocated, in so many +words, the reduction of all paper money prices to the real Cuba standard +of solid money! We take extracts from his speech, which will be found in +the Appendix to the Congressional Globe, page 135:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In Germany, where the currency is purely metallic, and the +cost of every thing is REDUCED to a hard money standard, a +piece of broadcloth can be manufactured for fifty dollars; the +manufacture of which in our country, from the expansion of +paper currency, would cost one hundred dollars. What is the +consequence? The foreign French and German manufacturer imports +this cloth into our country, and sells it for a hundred. Does +not every person perceive that the redundancy of our currency +is equal to a premium of one hundred per cent. in favor of the +manufacturer?"</p> + +<p>"No tariff of protection, unless it amounted to prohibition, +could counteract this advantage in favor of foreign +manufactures. I would to heaven that I could arouse the +attention of every manufacturer of the nation to this important +subject."</p> + +<p>"What is the reason that, with all these advantages, and with +the protective duties which our laws afford to the domestic +manufacturer of cotton, we cannot obtain exclusive possession +of the home market, and successfully contend for the markets of +the world? It is simply because we manufacture at the nominal +prices of our inflated currency, and are compelled to sell at +the real prices of other nations. REDUCE OUR NOMINAL STANDARD +OF PRICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, and you cover our country with +blessings and benefits."</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>"The comparative LOW PRICES of France and Germany have afforded +such a stimulus to their manufactures, that they are now +rapidly extending themselves, and would obtain possession, in +no small degree, even of the English home market, IF IT WERE +NOT FOR THEIR PROTECTING DUTIES. While British manufactures are +now languishing, those of the continent are springing into a +healthy and vigorous existence."</p></div> + +<p>How will the <i>Free Trade Democracy</i> of the South relish these +"protecting duties" of an old Federal politician? They are about as +consistent in their support of the Cincinnati nominee as "Clay Whigs" +are, when they know that Buchanan was the only man living who had it in +his power to do Clay justice, in reference to the "bargain and intrigue" +calumny, and obstinately refused!</p> + + +<h4>CLAY AND BUCHANAN.</h4> + +<p>In 1825, Mr. Buchanan, then a member of the House, entered the room of +Mr. Clay, who was at the time in company with his only messmate, Hon. R. +P. Letcher, also a member of the House, and since Governor of Kentucky. +Buchanan introduced the subject of the approaching Presidential +election, Letcher witnessing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> what was said; and after that, when Mr. +Clay was hotly assailed with the charge of "bargain, intrigue, and +corruption," notified Mr. Buchanan of his intention to publish the +conversation, but was induced, by the <i>earnest entreaties of Buchanan</i>, +to forbear. And Mr. Clay died with a letter in his possession, from +Buchanan, which, if published, as it should be, would place Buchanan +without the pale of Democracy, and disgrace him in the eyes of all +honorable men. <i>That</i> letter, too, would explain why Gen. Jackson had no +confidence in him, and was opposed to his taking a seat in Polk's +cabinet. Let it come!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That it was the vote of James Buchanan +which, in the Senate, in 1832, secured the passage of the "Black +Tariff," so offensive to the "Free Trade" Democracy of Tennessee, South +Carolina, and other Southern States, and which Gov. JONES threw up to +Col. Polk with so much effect in their race of 1843!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the Cincinnati Platform unblushingly +affirms that "the Constitution does not confer upon the Federal +government authority to assume the debts of the several States, +contracted for local internal improvements, or for other State +purposes;" while the Democratic members of Congress annually violate +this principle by voting away hundreds of acres of public lands to the +States, for purposes of railroads and other improvements.</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the same Platform hypocritically +asserts, that "it is the duty of every branch of our Government to +enforce and practice the most rigid economy in conducting our public +affairs;" when the expenditures of Pierce's administration are TWENTY +MILLIONS PER ANNUM over that of MILLARD FILLMORE!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the 8th of the series in this Platform +declares, that "the attempt to abridge the privilege of becoming +citizens and owners of soil amongst us ought to be resisted with the +same spirit which swept the alien and sedition laws from our statute +book:" and then the hypocritical builders of the platform turned about +and nominated James Buchanan, who commenced public life as the advocate +of the "alien and sedition laws," and sustained, in and out of Congress, +the Federal party, who passed these laws.</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the Cincinnati Platform, which prates +so loudly about the privilege of becoming "owners of the soil," and +which rebukes all efforts to amend our naturalization laws as oppressive +to foreigners, nominated a man for the Presidency who spoke publicly in +this language: "Above all, we ought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> to drive from our shores foreign +influence, which has been in every age the curse of republics!"</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this Cincinnati Platform pledges +itself to the "Acts known as the Compromise Measures," and then resolves +"to resist all attempts at renewing, in Congress or out of it, the +agitation of slavery;" while the second best nags before the Convention +were Douglass and Pierce, who brought forward the bill repealing the +Missouri Compromise line, and opening up anew the slavery agitation, +while Pierce signed the bill and adopted it as an Administration +measure!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this same Platform asserts, as an +indispensable article of the Democratic faith, that "the proceeds of the +public lands ought to be sacredly applied to the national objects +specified in the Constitution;" and yet a majority of the Democracy, in +one branch of Congress, unhesitatingly voted for a bill introduced by +Robert M. T. Hunter, a leader of "the most straitest sect" of Democratic +Pharisees, which proposed to give away the whole body of the public +lands to squatters, at the nominal price of ninepence an acre, and at +five years' credit!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this same platform deprecates a policy +which legislates for the few at the expense of the many; yet its +builders nominated a man for the Presidency who has avowed himself on +the floor of the Senate in favor of reducing the wages of poor white men +to the Cuban standard of TEN CENTS per day!</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this Cincinnati Platform utterly fails +to come up to that high Southern standard, which the country looked for +from a party so lavish of promises, and that it has deliberately and +completely shirked the slavery issue, the only apology for which is +found in their having nominated an old anti-slavery Federalist.</p> + +<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That <span class="smcap">James Buchanan</span> was opposed to the war +of 1812, but is in favor of the next war—while a Federalist he was +conservative in his views, but is now square upon a Filibustering +Platform—his nomination, an overture to the Sumner Wing of Democracy, +is the very nomination for the Nullifiers, Fire-eaters, and Disunionists +of the South—that while we cry North, shout South, every faction is +united.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CINCINNATI VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.</h2> + +<p><i>John C. Breckenridge</i>, of Kentucky, is now the Democratic candidate for +the Vice Presidency; and in our devotion to the <i>head</i> of the ticket, we +do not wish to neglect the <i>tail</i>. Mr. Breckenridge is a good speaker, +and is about as good a selection as his party could make. He has not +been long enough in public life to attain any experience as a statesman, +nor has he been guilty of any great indiscretion in his short +Congressional career. He will be unable to carry Kentucky for his party, +though he has some elements of strength. Standing out in violent +opposition to his relatives upon the <i>Know Nothing</i> issues, he will be +acceptable to all Foreigners, and the Catholics in particular! Being on +the very best of terms with <i>Cassius M. Clay</i>, and voting with the +Emancipationists of Kentucky, he will be rather acceptable to the +Anti-Slavery men than otherwise! He was a zealous supporter of the bill +in Congress appropriating a million or two dollars to works of Internal +Improvement, which was <i>vetoed</i> by Pierce. That bill provided $50,000 +for the improvement of the Kentucky River, to which he urged an +amendment insisting on $150,000. This will give him strength with the +Democracy of the North and North-West, who advocated the doctrine of +Internal Improvements by the General Government!</p> + +<p>On May 20th, 1856, the <i>Charleston Mercury</i> came out advising the South +as to the selection of candidates, which advice, if adhered to, would +prove ruinous alike to Buchanan and Breckenridge. A brief extract from +that article is in these words:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A man unsound on Slavery, Free Trade, and Internal +Improvements, or whose opinions are shrouded in treacherous +ambiguity—such a man, be he Black Republican or Democrat, is +unworthy of her support. To vote for either, is to give away +her influence, to be used against her. It is to stultify +principle, and be the instrument of her own undoing."</p></div> + +<p>This doctrine would get very much in the way of such men as <i>Toombs and +Stephens</i>, of Georgia, and other Anti-Internal Improvement Democrats, +but they can excuse Breckenridge on the ground that he acquiesced in the +veto of Pierce, and was possibly only trying to make a little capital at +home, which is common with Democracy. Besides, Mr. Breckenridge being +raised a <i>Clay Whig</i>, and representing the Ashland District as a +Democrat, should be allowed to pass over the <i>Jordan</i> of Democracy by +degrees!</p> + +<p>His name can be used advantageously in this contest in another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> respect. +While Mr. Buchanan was Mr. Clay's most vindictive enemy, traducer, and +calumniator, Mr. Breckenridge can be held up to the Clay Whigs, as +having announced to the House of Representatives the death of Mr. Clay, +in language and sentiments branding Buchanan as a malignant slanderer, +without mentioning his name, by the character he gave to Clay! Closing +his eulogy upon Mr. Clay in these words, Mr. Breckenridge evidently +looked with the eye of prophecy at the slanders of Buchanan, the +recollection of which would "cluster" around his grave:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Every memorial of such a man will possess a meaning and value +to his countrymen. His tomb will be a hallowed spot. Great +memories will cluster there, and his countrymen as they visit +it may well exclaim:</p></div> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Shrines to no creed or code confined;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Delphian vales, the Palestines,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">The Meccas of the mind."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>If we mistake not, this young Breckenridge is the nephew of the Rev. +John Breckenridge, formerly of Baltimore, and pastor of the Presbyterian +Church. If so, he is the nephew of the Rev. Robert Breckenridge, the +talented and staunch advocate of the American party. The venerable uncle +of this young man, whilst pastor of the Church in Baltimore, was a most +formidable opponent of the Roman Catholic religion, and is the man who +conducted the debate with Archbishop Hughes, in 1836, which we now have +before us, in a large volume of 550 pages. Of course <i>Bishop Hughes</i> +will require the young man to repudiate his uncle's views and charges in +opposition to the Papal religion; and this, we should think, he will do +for the sake of the Catholic vote in America!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4>From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.</h4> + +<h2>PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY—ITS LEGITIMATE FRUITS.</h2> + + +<p>The following important document we take from the National +Intelligencer, of January 22, 1851. It was signed and published by +gentlemen irrespective of parties—<span class="smcap">forty-four</span> Senators and +Representatives in Congress. It will be a <i>curiosity</i> to those of our +readers who may have forgotten its well-timed and patriotic pledges. How +unfortunate it has been for the country, and especially the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> public +tranquillity, that the determination and counsels of these men were, in +an evil hour, departed from, and flagrantly violated by the demagogues +of the self-styled Democratic party! To the violation of this solemn +pledge by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise line, and the reöpening +of the Slavery agitation by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska +bill, intended to elevate that miserable little demagogue, <i>Stephen A. +Douglass</i>, to the Presidency, we are indebted for all the scenes of +bloodshed in Kansas, to the angry slavery discussions in Congress, and +the disgraceful scenes of riot being almost daily enacted there!</p> + +<p>Several copies of the following Declaration were circulated in Congress, +and obtained a number of signatures in both halls; but no other list was +ever published, that we know of, besides this, which, it will be seen, +was headed by the illustrious <span class="smcap">Henry Clay</span>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The undersigned, members of the thirty-first Congress of the +United States, believing that a renewal of sectional +controversy upon the subject of slavery would be both dangerous +to the Union and destructive of its objects; and seeing no mode +by which such controversy can be avoided, except by a strict +adherence to the settlement thereof effected by the Compromise +Acts passed at the last session of Congress, do hereby declare +their intention to maintain the said settlement inviolate, and +to resist all attempts to repeal or alter the acts aforesaid, +unless by the general consent of the friends of the measure, +and to remedy such evils, if any, as time and experience may +develop. And, for the purpose of making this resolution +effective, they further declare that they will not support for +the office of President, Vice-President, Senator, or +Representative in Congress, or as a member of a State +Legislature, any man, of whatever party, who is not known to be +opposed to the disturbance of the settlement aforesaid, and to +the renewal, in any form, of agitation upon the subject of +slavery.</p></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>"Henry Clay,</td><td align='left'>C. S. Morehead,</td><td align='left'>Robt. L. Rose,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>W. C. Dawson,</td><td align='left'>Thos. J. Rusk,</td><td align='left'>Jere. Clemens,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>James Cooper,</td><td align='left'>Thos. C. Pratt,</td><td align='left'>Wm. M. Gwin,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Samuel A. Elliot,</td><td align='left'>David Outlaw,</td><td align='left'>O. H. Williams,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>J. Philips Phœnix,</td><td align='left'>A. M. Schemerhorn,</td><td align='left'>Jno. R. Thurman,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>D. A. Bokee,</td><td align='left'>Geo. R. Andrews,</td><td align='left'>W. P. Mangum,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Jeremiah Morton,</td><td align='left'>R. I. Bowie,</td><td align='left'>E. C. Cabell,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Alex. Evans,</td><td align='left'>Howell Cobb,</td><td align='left'>H. S. Foote,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wm. Duer,</td><td align='left'>Jas. Brooks,</td><td align='left'>A. H. Stephens,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>R. Toombs,</td><td align='left'>M. P. Gentry,</td><td align='left'>H. W. Hilliard,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>F. E. McLean,</td><td align='left'>A. G. Watkins,</td><td align='left'>H. A. Bullard,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>T. S. Haywood,</td><td align='left'>A. H. Shephard,</td><td align='left'>Daniel Breck,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Jas. L. Johnson,</td><td align='left'>J. B. Thompson,</td><td align='left'>J. M. Anderson,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>John B. Kerr,</td><td align='left'>J. P. Caldwell,</td><td align='left'>Ed. Deberry,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>H. Marshall,</td><td align='left'>Allen F. Owen."</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p> + +<p>The <i>rowdyism</i> and <i>treachery</i> of Democracy never intended to abide by +this pledge—and hence their "disturbance of the settlement aforesaid," +by opening up anew this villainous "agitation upon the subject of +slavery." This violation of a solemn pledge has introduced into Kansas +civil war, caused bloodshed, the shooting down of men in cold blood, and +overrun that country with contending parties, called "<i>Friends of +Freedom</i>" and "<i>Border Ruffians</i>," armed with Sharpe's rifles, Colt's +revolvers, bowie-knives, and clubs, mixed with Bibles!</p> + +<p>All this really affords an illustration of the domineering insolence of +Democratic Abolitionism—an element in our Federal Government which will +stop at no extremity of violence, in order to subdue the people of the +Slave States, and force them into a miserable subservience to its +fanatical dominion. And it is worthy of note, that the shooting of +Sheriff Jones and others in Kansas, occurred immediately after the +arrival of the <i>New Haven Emigrant Rifle Company</i>! This, too, calls to +mind forcibly the very delectable <i>conversational speechifying</i> that +took place at the New Haven Rifle Meeting, among the pious villains who +figured most conspicuously. As it is short, we give it entire:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Rev. Mr. Dutton (pastor of the church.)—One of the deacons of +this church, Mr. Harvey Hall, is going out with the company to +Kansas, and I, as his pastor, desire to present him a Bible and +a Sharpe's rifle. (Great applause.)</p> + +<p>E. P. Pie.—I will give one.</p> + +<p>Stephen D. Purdee.—I will give one for myself, and also +another one for my wife.</p> + +<p>Mr. Beecher.—I like to see that—it is a bold stroke both +right and left. (Great laughter.)</p> + +<p>Charles Ives.—Put me down for three.</p> + +<p>Thomas R. Trowbridge.—Put me down for four. (Continued +laughter.) Dr. J. I. Howe.—I will subscribe for one.</p> + +<p>A gentleman said that Miss Mary Dutton would give one.</p> + +<p>Dr. Stephen G. Hubbard.—One.</p> + +<p>Mr. Beecher here stated that if twenty-five could be raised on +the spot, he would pledge twenty-five more from the church at +Plymouth—fifty being a sufficient number for the whole supply. +(Clapping of hands all over the house.)</p> + +<p>Prof. Silliman now left Mr. Beecher to speak for the bid, and +sat down to enjoy the occasion.</p> + +<p>Mr. Killem.—I give one.</p> + +<p>Mr. Beecher.—<i>Killem</i>—that's a significant name in connection +with a good Sharpe's rifle. (Laughter.)</p></div> + +<p>After this, this clerical vagabond, Beecher, blessed the weapons, and +encouraged the party to go forth and "do or die" in the sublime "cause +of nigger freedom!" In all human probability, sweet Mary Dutton's rifle +may have sped the ball that pierced the side of Sheriff Jones, the +officer of the law, while in the honest discharge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> of a sworn duty! +Subsequent murders, where pro-slavery men were shot down with these +rifles, we attribute to the <i>omen</i> that Beecher found in his name +"<i>Killem</i>"—it is a significant name in connection with Sharpe's rifle. +The real assassins shoot down their men, and with their <i>rifles</i> and +<i>Bibles</i> flee; but <i>she</i> who unfrocked herself by furnishing a rifle, +and <i>he</i> who gave and blessed the weapon of death, are here to accept +the thanks of their admirers and partisans. Let sweet Mary and her +<i>beloved</i> pastor be crowned with wreaths of deadly night-shade, and +consigned to one cell in Sing Sing prison!</p> + +<p>But the success of Ruffianism in Kansas, in the hands of those vile +Abolition Democrats, has emboldened members of the same party to +introduce it in the Federal Capital. But the other day, <span class="smcap">Mr. Sumner</span>, of +Massachusetts, made, in his place in the U. S. Senate, one of the most +incendiary and inflammatory speeches ever uttered on the floor of either +House of Congress! The vocabulary of Billingsgate was exhausted in +denouncing all who dared to justify the institution of slavery—using, +over and over again, such terms as "hireling, picked from the drunken +spew of an uneasy civilization in the form of men," &c. The language +made use of was disgraceful to the vile Abolitionist himself, and to the +Senate, of which he never ought to have been a member. There was no +limit to the personal abuse in which the villainous Senator indulged, no +restraint to the vile epithets coined in his insane head; and the very +natural consequence was, a personal chastisement of Mr. Sumner, in the +Senate chamber, by Mr. Brooks, a Representative from South Carolina, and +a relative of Judge Butler, the gentleman abused in his absence, which, +for its severity, never was equalled in Washington. Mr. Sumner was the +aggressor, because he poured out the vials of his wrath upon not only +Judge Butler, a distinguished Senator, but upon the whole State of South +Carolina.</p> + +<p>We do not justify the selection of a <i>time</i> and <i>place</i> by <i>Mr. Brooks</i>, +for punishing this Massachusetts Abolitionist; but we should despise the +son of South Carolina who could hear his native State arraigned in such +temper and language, without feeling intensely, and <i>manifesting</i> that +feeling at a proper time and place. Indeed, it would be strange if a +South Carolinian did not resent the arrogant, insulting, and +contemptuous tone which Mr. Sumner saw fit to indulge in towards South +Carolina in general, and her Senator in particular! We know Judge +Butler—we have seen him on the Bench, in the discharge of the duties of +a Circuit-Judge—we have seen and heard him in the Senate Chamber, where +he has served for years, with credit to himself and honor to his State. +He is an accomplished man, and a most amiable and honorable gentleman. +His character is unblemished; he stands deservedly high;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> he is a +gentleman of urbane and courteous demeanor, and is beloved, esteemed, +and respected, by all <i>gentlemen</i> who know him or associate with him. +Besides, he is an old man, gray-haired, and palsied; and, whether +present or absent, deserved to be treated as a gentleman.</p> + +<p>Northern men may not expect to vilify the South in this way, without +having to atone for it. Men who profess to belong to the peace party, +ought not to employ language that will provoke a fight, and then shield +themselves behind their non-resistant defences. They voluntarily put +themselves upon the platform of <i>resistance</i>—they pass insults, and +they must submit to the consequences. We have just finished the perusal +of a case in Æsop's Fables, exactly in point. It is the case of a +<i>trumpeter</i> taken prisoner in battle. He claimed exemption from the +common fate of prisoners of war, in ancient times, on the ground that he +carried no weapons, and was, in fact, a non-combatant, belonging to the +peace party! "Non-combatant, the Devil!" exclaimed the opposing party, +pointing to his trumpet, as preparations were being made to put him to +death, "Why, Sir, you hold in your hands the very instrument which +incites our foes to tenfold furies against us!"</p> + +<p>But this fight between the parties has to come, and it should begin at +Washington, and if not in the halls of Congress, at least in the +<i>streets</i> of the Federal city. Let the battle be fought there, and not +in <i>Kansas</i>, and let it fall upon the villainous agitators of the +Slavery question, and the <i>Democratic</i> disturbers of the Compromises of +the Constitution. Let it come <i>now</i>, that it may be fought out and +settled, and not left to <i>posterity</i>, to curse and crush the rising +generation!</p> + +<p>Mr. Brooks is a Democrat, and an anti-Know Nothing. Mr. Sumner is a +Democrat—was elected by the votes of the Democrats, over that noble and +dignified Whig, Mr. Winthrop, and his election was hailed throughout the +Union as a Democratic triumph!</p> + +<p>Massachusetts, irrespective of parties, seems to have taken great +offence at this occurrence, and to have held indignation meetings, and +was to have had <i>Legislative</i> action upon the subject. We tell +Massachusetts that she is alone to blame, for sending such a man to the +United States Senate. There was a great debate in the Senate twenty-five +years ago, in which Daniel Webster and Gov. Hayne met each other and +grappled like giants, as they were. The State of South Carolina, in that +day, though represented by an able, patriotic, and great man, came off +<i>second best</i>. The Senator from Massachusetts, of that day, was an able +statesman, a Constitutional lawyer of unsurpassed abilities, and, +withal, a cautious gentleman, and rose above the low blackguardism of a +Sumner and a Wilson. When <i>taunted</i> by the Senator from South Carolina<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span> +with <i>Federalism</i>, and opposition to some of the features of the War of +1812, the great Webster presented Massachusetts before the Senate and +the Union, in such a manner that men of all sections bowed down and +worshipped her. Standing erect with the flash of his eagle eye, he +exclaimed, "There is Boston, and Concord, and Lexington, and Bunker +Hill"—let them testify to the loyalty of Massachusetts to this glorious +Union! Not only did Mr. Webster come out of that controversy with South +Carolina with the admiration of every man in the country, but with the +respect and admiration of Calhoun, Hayne, McDuffie, and all the +high-toned statesmen of the South. And why? Because he was not a Sumner, +a Wilson, or an <i>Abolition Blackguard</i>. Times have changed—a different +man takes the place of a Webster, with only the memory of an insulting +speech and a broken head! Let Massachusetts send men to the United +States Senate who can and will demean themselves like gentlemen, and +gentlemen from the South will appreciate them, while they differ +honestly with them on great questions.</p> + +<p>What wonderful <i>progress</i> Democracy is making in the country! <i>First</i>, +Democracy quarrelled and jowered over the election of a Speaker two +months, and finally, by the introduction of the <i>Plurality Rule</i>, caused +Banks, a Black Republican, to be elected. And as if determined to atone +for this wear of time and money, they have brought about a series of +fights, which, before they are disposed of, will cost the government +half a million of dollars!</p> + +<p><i>First</i> then, William Smith, an ex-Governor of the State of Virginia, +and member of the House of Representatives, assailed and beat the editor +of the <i>Evening Star</i>, in December last, in the street.</p> + +<p><i>Second</i>, Albert Rusk, a member of the House of Representatives from +Arkansas, assailed and beat the editor of the New York <i>Tribune</i> in the +grounds of the capitol, immediately after leaving the House of +Representatives.</p> + +<p><i>Third</i>, Philip T. Herbert, of Alabama, a member of Congress from +California, shot down and killed an Irish Catholic waiter at Willard's, +and is now under bonds to appear before the Court and await his trial +for such crime as they may adjudge him to have committed.</p> + +<p><i>Fourth</i>, Preston S. Brooks, a member of the House of Representatives +from South Carolina, assails and beats unmercifully a Senator from +Massachusetts, when occupying his seat in the Senate of the United +States.</p> + +<p><i>Fifth</i>, Mr. Bright knocked down the doorkeeper, for an inconsiderable +offence. Here, then, we have five breaches of the peace in five months, +by Democrats upon Democrats, although the "Boston Pilot," a Catholic +organ, falsely charges that some of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> parties making these assaults +are "Know Nothings." We congratulate the Democratic party upon the +progress of its leading members! They are sinking by swift descent into +barbarism, and bringing the country to ruin. And in keeping with all +this, they have tried to nominate for the Vice-Presidency a man who +openly proposed in Congress the repeal of our neutrality laws, so as to +bring a general fight!</p> + +<p>It will not do to say that <i>Sumner</i> is not of the Democratic party, +because he is a regular-built Free-Soiler and Black Republican: the +Washington <i>Union</i> settled this point in 1852, when it uttered these +memorable words:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Free-soil Democratic leaders of the North are a regular +portion of the Democratic party, and General Pierce, if +elected, will make no distinction between them and the rest of +the Democracy in the distribution of official patronage, and in +the selection of agents for administering the government."</p></div> + +<p>The rules of the Senate forbid personalities in debate, and it was the +sworn duty of its Locofoco President, Mr. Bright, to have called Mr. +Sumner to order for his abuse of Judge Butler. But as far back as thirty +years ago, under the auspices of <span class="smcap">John C. Calhoun</span> as presiding officer, a +decision was made to the effect that the presiding officer of the Senate +was neither bound nor had he the power to call Senators to order! That +power, according to his decision, belonged wholly to the Senate +itself——thus delivering over the minority of that body to "the tender +mercies" of the majority! The object of Mr. <span class="smcap">Calhoun</span> at the time was to +play into the hands of a combination which had been formed to break down +the Administration of John Quincy Adams, and to cripple Henry Clay. The +instrument used was the sarcastic, irritating, and personal rhetoric of +John Randolph, then a member of the Senate. To this end, Randolph was +suffered to deliver in the Senate a long succession of tirades, +disgraceful to the Senate, abusive of New England and of Henry Clay. +Here is a specimen of Randolph's abuse, which led to a duel between him +and Mr. Clay:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"This man, (mankind, I crave pardon,) this worm, (little +animals, forgive the insult,) was raised to a higher life than +he was born to, for he was raised to the society of +blackguards. Some fortune—kind to him, cruel to us—has tossed +him to the Secretaryship of State. Contempt has the property of +descending, but stops far short of him. She would die before +she would reach him: he dwells below her fall. I would hate +him, if I did not despise him. It is not <span class="smcap">what</span> he is, but <span class="smcap">where</span> +he is, that puts my thoughts into action. The alphabet which +writes the name of Thersites, blackguard, squalidity, refuses +her letters for him. That mind which thinks on what it cannot +express, can scarcely think on him. An hyperbole for <span class="smcap">Meanness</span> +would be an ellipsis for <span class="smcap">Clay</span>."</p></div> + +<p>This was pleasing to Mr. Calhoun and the dominant party in the Senate, +and his decision which tolerated it never was questioned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> by any +authoritative precedent, until <span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span> was elected +Vice-President. With characteristic independence, he determined that a +precedent so unreasonable and absurd should not be binding on him as the +presiding officer of the Senate. He therefore, on assuming the duties of +his office, delivered an address to the Senate, in which he informed +that body that he considered it his sworn duty to preserve decorum, and +would <i>reverse</i> the rule which had so long prevailed, that Senators were +not to be called to order for words spoken in debate! The Senate ordered +this address to be entered at large on their journals, as an evidence of +their endorsement of its doctrines; and there it is now, recorded +evidence of the patriotism, high sense of decorum, and senatorial +dignity of that great and good man, <span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p> +<h2>STRENGTH OF PARTIES IN TENNESSEE.</h2> + +<h3>OFFICIAL VOTES OF THE STATE.</h3> + + +<p>The following tables exhibit the official vote of Tennessee for +President in 1852, for Governor in 1853, and for Governor in 1855, as +compared at the capital of the State, and will be valuable as a table +for reference. In the last contest, when the <i>Know Nothing issues</i> were +fully made, causing all the <i>latent blackguardism in the Democratic +ranks to be fully developed</i>, it will be seen that <i>Andrew Johnson</i> +received 67,499 votes, and <i>Meredith P. Gentry</i> 65,342, leaving Johnson +a majority of 2,157, a falling off of 104 votes from his majority over +<i>Maj. Henry</i> two years before that. It will also be perceived that the +vote of the State at this last election is an increase of 8,260 over the +vote two years previous. Of this increase, <i>Col. Gentry</i> gets 4,182, his +vote exceeding <i>Maj. Henry's</i> by that much, while Johnson's increase +upon his own vote two years previous was 4,078.</p> + +<p>It is a moderate calculation to say that Johnson received at least two +thousand <i>foreign and illegal votes</i>; while we are within bounds when we +say that at least 5,000 old-line Whigs refused to vote for <i>Col. +Gentry</i>—demonstrating beyond all doubt that a majority of the legal +voters of the State were opposed to Johnson and his party.</p> + +<p>In the contest now being waged, <i>Fillmore and Donelson</i> will carry the +State by a majority ranging from <i>three</i> to <i>five</i> thousand votes, +despite the low Billingsgate slang and vile blackguardism that may be +heaped upon them and their supporters. And as this calculation is made +in <i>June</i>, five months in advance of the election, we must ask those +into whose hands this work shall fall without the limits of Tennessee, +to bear it in mind, and when they get the returns in November, to give +us credit for our sagacity or our want of sagacity!</p> + +<p>The contest will be fierce and bitter, exceeding any former political +battle witnessed in the State. If the orators and editors of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> the +self-styled Democratic party have not greatly reformed in the space of +one year, but little argument will be adduced, but little gentlemanly +courtesy manifested; and instead of facts, figures and arguments, bitter +invective, low blackguardism, and Billingsgate abuse of secret +organizations, dark lanterns, and Protestant clergymen, will be the +order of the day. In this <i>congenial</i> work, all the conglomeration of +ignorant men, foreign paupers, and fag-ends and factions, styling +themselves <i>Democrats</i>, will engage!</p> + +<p>But to the official vote of the State:</p> + + +<h3><i>Popular Vote of Tennessee—Official.</i></h3> + +<h4>EAST TENNESSEE.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td colspan="2">1852.</td><td colspan="2">1853.</td><td colspan="2">1855.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Anderson</td><td align='right'>602</td><td align='right'>267</td><td align='right'>648</td><td align='right'>379</td><td align='right'>772</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bledsoe</td><td align='right'>464</td><td align='right'>209</td><td align='right'>469</td><td align='right'>303</td><td align='right'>404</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Blount</td><td align='right'>827</td><td align='right'>566</td><td align='right'>1146</td><td align='right'>734</td><td align='right'>1069</td><td align='right'>789</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bradley</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>778</td><td align='right'>562</td><td align='right'>1085</td><td align='right'>644</td><td align='right'>1021</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Campbell</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>356</td><td align='right'>445</td><td align='right'>507</td><td align='right'>383</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Carter</td><td align='right'>585</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>721</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>768</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Claiborne</td><td align='right'>503</td><td align='right'>519</td><td align='right'>620</td><td align='right'>707</td><td align='right'>756</td><td align='right'>744</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cooke</td><td align='right'>743</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>867</td><td align='right'>383</td><td align='right'>929</td><td align='right'>422</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Grainger</td><td align='right'>852</td><td align='right'>477</td><td align='right'>998</td><td align='right'>767</td><td align='right'>1327</td><td align='right'>621</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Greene</td><td align='right'>780</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>902</td><td align='right'>1915</td><td align='right'>989</td><td align='right'>1985</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hawkins</td><td align='right'>778</td><td align='right'>831</td><td align='right'>805</td><td align='right'>1180</td><td align='right'>887</td><td align='right'>1158</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hamilton</td><td align='right'>774</td><td align='right'>648</td><td align='right'>786</td><td align='right'>972</td><td align='right'>966</td><td align='right'>1044</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hancock</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>336</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>532</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>589</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Jefferson</td><td align='right'>1168</td><td align='right'>307</td><td align='right'>1396</td><td align='right'>639</td><td align='right'>1697</td><td align='right'>444</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Johnson</td><td align='right'>365</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>392</td><td align='right'>184</td><td align='right'>400</td><td align='right'>215</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Knox</td><td align='right'>1863</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>2279</td><td align='right'>770</td><td align='right'>2560</td><td align='right'>695</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>McMinn</td><td align='right'>796</td><td align='right'>866</td><td align='right'>799</td><td align='right'>965</td><td align='right'>909</td><td align='right'>953</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Meigs</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>442</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>561</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>588</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Marion</td><td align='right'>453</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>476</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>554</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Monroe</td><td align='right'>805</td><td align='right'>847</td><td align='right'>739</td><td align='right'>900</td><td align='right'>851</td><td align='right'>1005</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Morgan</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>229</td><td align='right'>260</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'>358</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Polk</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>470</td><td align='right'>249</td><td align='right'>527</td><td align='right'>385</td><td align='right'>676</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rhea</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>307</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>358</td><td align='right'>298</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Roane</td><td align='right'>820</td><td align='right'>678</td><td align='right'>912</td><td align='right'>755</td><td align='right'>1002</td><td align='right'>769</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sevier</td><td align='right'>621</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>824</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>964</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Scott</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>259</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sullivan</td><td align='right'>260</td><td align='right'>1114</td><td align='right'>361</td><td align='right'>1407</td><td align='right'>601</td><td align='right'>1403</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Washington</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>853</td><td align='right'>967</td><td align='right'>1069</td><td align='right'>847</td><td align='right'>1338</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>19,298</td><td align='right'>18,763</td><td align='right'>21,787</td><td align='right'>19,394</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p> +<h4>MIDDLE TENNESSEE.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>1390</td><td align='right'>1356</td><td align='right'>1359</td><td align='right'>1257</td><td align='right'>1630</td><td align='right'>1293</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Cannon</td><td align='right'>453</td><td align='right'>727</td><td align='right'>445</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>458</td><td align='right'>859</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Coffee</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>722</td><td align='right'>274</td><td align='right'>824</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>880</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Davidson</td><td align='right'>2617</td><td align='right'>2058</td><td align='right'>2597</td><td align='right'>1963</td><td align='right'>3132</td><td align='right'>1783</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>De Kalb</td><td align='right'>559</td><td align='right'>588</td><td align='right'>632</td><td align='right'>610</td><td align='right'>560</td><td align='right'>738</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Dickson</td><td align='right'>323</td><td align='right'>607</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>743</td><td align='right'>388</td><td align='right'>745</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fentress</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>411</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>504</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>616</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Franklin</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>1133</td><td align='right'>356</td><td align='right'>1224</td><td align='right'>394</td><td align='right'>1302</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Giles</td><td align='right'>1303</td><td align='right'>1447</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>1468</td><td align='right'>1312</td><td align='right'>1439</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Grundy</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>327</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>374</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>425</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hardin</td><td align='right'>643</td><td align='right'>808</td><td align='right'>671</td><td align='right'>827</td><td align='right'>745</td><td align='right'>775</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hickman</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>839</td><td align='right'>263</td><td align='right'>812</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>1053</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Humphreys</td><td align='right'>263</td><td align='right'>471</td><td align='right'>341</td><td align='right'>501</td><td align='right'>354</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Jackson</td><td align='right'>1170</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>1154</td><td align='right'>995</td><td align='right'>1122</td><td align='right'>1131</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lawrence</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>583</td><td align='right'>523</td><td align='right'>731</td><td align='right'>524</td><td align='right'>845</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lewis</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>243</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>606</td><td align='right'>2297</td><td align='right'>617</td><td align='right'>2322</td><td align='right'>402</td><td align='right'>2521</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Maury</td><td align='right'>1324</td><td align='right'>1799</td><td align='right'>1238</td><td align='right'>1731</td><td align='right'>1444</td><td align='right'>1793</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>1260</td><td align='right'>993</td><td align='right'>1309</td><td align='right'>1004</td><td align='right'>1502</td><td align='right'>881</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Marshall</td><td align='right'>666</td><td align='right'>1340</td><td align='right'>671</td><td align='right'>1282</td><td align='right'>678</td><td align='right'>1310</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Macon</td><td align='right'>617</td><td align='right'>374</td><td align='right'>553</td><td align='right'>341</td><td align='right'>540</td><td align='right'>424</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>345</td><td align='right'>1039</td><td align='right'>431</td><td align='right'>1282</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>1528</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Robertson</td><td align='right'>1013</td><td align='right'>769</td><td align='right'>1183</td><td align='right'>763</td><td align='right'>1256</td><td align='right'>804</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Rutherford</td><td align='right'>1495</td><td align='right'>1313</td><td align='right'>1407</td><td align='right'>1243</td><td align='right'>1435</td><td align='right'>1288</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Smith</td><td align='right'>1742</td><td align='right'>520</td><td align='right'>1735</td><td align='right'>546</td><td align='right'>1572</td><td align='right'>644</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Stewart</td><td align='right'>533</td><td align='right'>725</td><td align='right'>479</td><td align='right'>718</td><td align='right'>563</td><td align='right'>785</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Sumner</td><td align='right'>825</td><td align='right'>1563</td><td align='right'>806</td><td align='right'>1425</td><td align='right'>780</td><td align='right'>1740</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Van Buren</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Warren</td><td align='right'>344</td><td align='right'>922</td><td align='right'>402</td><td align='right'>1093</td><td align='right'>393</td><td align='right'>1153</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wayne</td><td align='right'>666</td><td align='right'>380</td><td align='right'>709</td><td align='right'>430</td><td align='right'>687</td><td align='right'>535</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>White</td><td align='right'>949</td><td align='right'>518</td><td align='right'>974</td><td align='right'>634</td><td align='right'>978</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Williamson</td><td align='right'>1583</td><td align='right'>763</td><td align='right'>1502</td><td align='right'>710</td><td align='right'>1621</td><td align='right'>688</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wilson</td><td align='right'>2248</td><td align='right'>923</td><td align='right'>2241</td><td align='right'>995</td><td align='right'>2290</td><td align='right'>937</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>26,930</td><td align='right'>30,550</td><td align='right'>27,842</td><td align='right'>32,623</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h4>WEST TENNESSEE.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Benton</td><td align='right'>340</td><td align='right'>485</td><td align='right'>393</td><td align='right'>465</td><td align='right'>475</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Carroll</td><td align='right'>1498</td><td align='right'>649</td><td align='right'>1469</td><td align='right'>663</td><td align='right'>1567</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Decatur</td><td align='right'>400</td><td align='right'>315</td><td align='right'>408</td><td align='right'>285</td><td align='right'>353</td><td align='right'>429</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Dyer</td><td align='right'>508</td><td align='right'>411</td><td align='right'>476</td><td align='right'>373</td><td align='right'>442</td><td align='right'>483</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Fayette</td><td align='right'>1006</td><td align='right'>1034</td><td align='right'>1011</td><td align='right'>1006</td><td align='right'>1151</td><td align='right'>940</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Gibson</td><td align='right'>1570</td><td align='right'>901</td><td align='right'>1514</td><td align='right'>1024</td><td align='right'>1618</td><td align='right'>1213</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Hardeman</td><td align='right'>717</td><td align='right'>1024</td><td align='right'>651</td><td align='right'>1025</td><td align='right'>619</td><td align='right'>1123</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Henderson</td><td align='right'>1193</td><td align='right'>511</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>593</td><td align='right'>1230</td><td align='right'>734</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Henry</td><td align='right'>899</td><td align='right'>1516</td><td align='right'>891</td><td align='right'>1496</td><td align='right'>871</td><td align='right'>1738</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Haywood</td><td align='right'>790</td><td align='right'>732</td><td align='right'>726</td><td align='right'>785</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>762</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Lauderdale</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>319</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>354</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>McNairy</td><td align='right'>921</td><td align='right'>872</td><td align='right'>1016</td><td align='right'>984</td><td align='right'>915</td><td align='right'>1059</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Madison</td><td align='right'>1426</td><td align='right'>819</td><td align='right'>1261</td><td align='right'>795</td><td align='right'>1448</td><td align='right'>788</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Obion</td><td align='right'>431</td><td align='right'>644</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>792</td><td align='right'>407</td><td align='right'>865</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Perry</td><td align='right'>325</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>387</td><td align='right'>329</td><td align='right'>320</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Shelby</td><td align='right'>1824</td><td align='right'>1628</td><td align='right'>1545</td><td align='right'>1435</td><td align='right'>1831</td><td align='right'>1477</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Tipton</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>527</td><td align='right'>424</td><td align='right'>566</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Weakley</td><td align='right'>783</td><td align='right'>1149</td><td align='right'>733</td><td align='right'>1279</td><td align='right'>885</td><td align='right'>1411</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>58,802</td><td align='right'>57,123</td><td align='right'>14,932</td><td align='right'>14,108</td><td align='right'>15,713</td><td align='right'>15,482</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>57,123</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Scott's majority,</td><td align='right'>1,679</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> East Tennessee,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>19,298</td><td align='right'>18,763</td><td align='right'>21,787</td><td align='right'>19,394</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'> Middle Tennessee,</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>26,930</td><td align='right'>30,550</td><td align='right'>27,842</td><td align='right'>32,623</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>61,160</td><td align='right'>63,421</td><td align='right'>65,342</td><td align='right'>67,499</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>61,160</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>65,342</td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>———</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>———</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Johnson's majority</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>2,261</td><td align='right'> </td><td align='right'>2,157</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<h4><i>Fillmore and Donelson Electoral Ticket.</i></h4> + +<p>As a matter of reference, and that none may mistake the American Ticket +on the day of the election, we give it as agreed upon and matured by our +party:</p> + + +<h4>FOR THE STATE.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>HON. NEILL S. BROWN, of Davidson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>HORACE MAYNARD, of Knox.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<h4>FOR THE DISTRICTS.</h4> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'>1st</td><td align='left'>District—</td><td align='left'>N. G. TAYLOR, of Carter.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>2d</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>MOSES WHITE, of Knox.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>3d</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>REESE B. BRABSON, of Hamilton.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>4th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>W. P. HICKERSON, of Coffee.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>5th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>ROBERT HATTON, of Wilson.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>6th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>W. H. WISENER, of Bedford.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>7th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>C. C. CROWE, of Giles.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>8th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>J. M. QUARLES, of Montgomery.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>9th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>ISAAC R. HAWKINS, of Carroll.</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>10th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>JOSEPH R. MOSBY, of Fayette.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>This is an able ticket, and greatly superior to the opposing ticket, as +our readers will bear us witness when they hear the parties in debate. +Most of these gentlemen have consented to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> serve on the ticket at great +personal sacrifices; and like their chief, Mr. <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span>, they have +undertaken to serve their party and country "without waiting to inquire +of its prospects of success or defeat." And all the reward they seek is +to be able to conduct the struggle to a victorious consummation in +Tennessee, and this we feel confident they will do. The battle in +Tennessee will be hotly contested, but it is by no means doubtful. +Tennessee for the last twenty years, and in five preceding presidential +contests, has refused to range herself under the black banner of +Locofocoism; and now that that banner is doubly infamous by being raised +and cheered by Catholics, foreigners, and paupers of every clime, it is +fair to presume she will spurn the flag!</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BLACK REPUBLICAN NOMINEES.</h2> + + +<p>The Black Republican Party, in their recent Convention at Philadelphia, +have nominated <span class="smcap">John Charles Fremont</span>, of California, for the Presidency, +and Ex-Senator <span class="smcap">William L. Dayton</span>, of New Jersey, for the Vice +Presidency!</p> + +<p>This man Fremont is no statesman—has no experience in political +life—has not the first qualification for this eminent and responsible +station—and his nomination has not been made upon any plausible pretext +whatever. He is an Engineer by profession—once penetrated with his +companions to the Pacific coast, across the Rocky Mountains—is the +son-in-law of <i>Tom Benton</i>—is a Free Trade Locofoco, and an avowed Free +Soiler.</p> + +<p>The following letter addressed by Fremont to the great Tabernacle +Abolition meeting in New York, last spring, is full and explicit, and +defines his position on the slavery question:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">New York</span>, April 29, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>: I have to thank you for the honor of an invitation +to a meeting this evening at the Broadway Tabernacle, and +regret that other engagements have interfered to prevent my +being present.</p> + +<p>"I heartily concur in all movements which have for their object +'to repair the mischiefs arising from the violation of good +faith in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise.' I am opposed +to slavery in the abstract and upon principle, sustained and +made habitual by long-settled convictions.</p> + +<p>"While I feel inflexible in the belief that it ought not to be +interfered with where it exists under the shield of State +sovereignty, I am as inflexibly opposed to its extension on +this continent beyond its present limits.</p> + +<p>"With the assurance of regard for yourselves,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"I am very respectfully yours,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"J. C. FREMONT."</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"Messrs. J. D. Morgan and others."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>In addition to this, Fremont is the representative of <i>aggression</i>: he +is a <i>Filibuster</i>, and the exponent of a civilization above all +constitutions, and all laws. The fact that Seward, Chase, Giddings, and +such men—able anti-slavery men, and experienced politicians, were +passed over, is proof that they were not governed by <i>principle</i>, but +seek to shift the issue, and to make it personal and sectional. Take +into the account, moreover, the fact that Dayton,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> a man of moderate +talents, is a sort of <i>Protective Tariff Locofoco</i>, the advocate of +Foreign Pauper labor, and the largest liberty for <i>Catholics</i>, and it +gives to the ticket a considerable degree of interest.</p> + +<p>The leading men in the Convention were reckless and unprincipled +demagogues, of the Locofoco school of politics, including the British +Free Trade policy, Filibusterism, etc., whose only aim is place and +plunder. Their Free-soil principles, outside of their radical purposes, +are scarcely skin deep!</p> + +<p>By many well-informed men, no doubts are entertained now, that the +nomination of Fremont and Dayton has been the result of an intrigue +between Seward and Archbishop Hughes; and from a resolution of their +platform, as reported by the Committee on Resolutions, we attach credit +to this inference. It will bring the Buchanan party at the North to +terms, as they are likely to be the only sufferers from this ticket. It +will be managed in future alone with an eye to the <i>aid</i> of Buchanan!</p> + +<p>We take the following notice of Fremont from the Charleston (S. C.) +Standard, and consider it every way reliable:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Mr. Fremont will be destined to play a distinguished part in +the drama, and his history and character therefore will, +doubtless, become subjects of considerable importance. He is +generally regarded as a native of Charleston, but of this we +have occasion to doubt. Many gentlemen here, who knew him in +early life, concur in saying that he was born in Savannah. Up +to within a short time prior to his birth, his mother was a +resident of Norfolk, in Virginia, and it is generally asserted +that his parents resided in Savannah before they became settled +in Charleston; however this may have been, it is at least +conceded that he first came into notice in this city. His +prospects here were not particularly promising, but he +attracted the attention of some philanthropic gentlemen, who +provided the means for his entrance and instruction in the +Charleston College. His progress there was not remarkable, and +when his class graduated he was not considered entitled to a +diploma. He was afterwards recommended as a proper person to +take charge of the night-school of the Apprentices' Library +Association; but, though his attainments were sufficient, and +his address particularly acceptable to the Directors of that +Institution, he was not as attentive as he might have been, and +the school fell through. He afterwards procured, through Mr. +Poinsett, a situation as instructor of junior officers on board +a vessel of war bound to the Pacific, and in this condition is +said to have acquitted himself well. He afterwards acquired +some knowledge of civil engineering, and filling unimportant +positions in connection with one and another public work, was +at length brought to notice and distinction by his connection +with Mr. Nicholet in his Survey of the Mississippi Valley, and +from that marched steadily on to the Rocky Mountains, and a +renown that has placed his name before the country.</p> + +<p>"From the records of his early life, it would seem that he had +talent, and was quite addicted to naval reading, but was +wayward, and if not indolent, was inefficient in the tasks +undertaken at the instance of other people, and up to the time +of his entrance upon his duties as instructor in the naval +school, had hardly made up his mind whether he would be a man +of character or a blackguard. He was fond of dress, however, +and the records of the court still show that he wore a suit of +clothes which he was afterwards compelled to declare<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> on oath +his inability to pay for, in order to avoid inconvenient +restrictions upon his personal liberty; but chance gave a +proper direction to his abilities; he had the latent energy of +character to act up to his opportunities, and he has really +presented a career which any one might regard with +satisfaction. It is certainly to be regretted that he should +lend himself to the uses of a party so reckless and subversive, +not only of the Union but of the rights of that section to +which, if capable of sentiments of patriotism, he might be +supposed to feel attachment; but the prospect of the Presidency +would be a sore trial to the probity of most men, and we find +nothing in the antecedents of Mr. Fremont to cause a feeling of +disappointment that he should yield to the allurements of +power.</p> + +<p>"He is commended for his attentions to his mother, and they +were certainly exemplary. She was poor, and after he determined +to behave himself and work like a man, he made her as entirely +comfortable as there was the reason to believe his +circumstances permitted."</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Postscript</span>.—Mr. Fremont turns out to be a Roman Catholic, and to have +been raised one, and this explains the readiness of Bishop Hughes to +abandon Buchanan, and go over to Fremont. It also explains why it is +that so many <i>German Catholic papers</i> are coming out for Fremont, in the +large cities, and in the North-Western States.</p> + +<p>In 1850, Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, for the space +of about three months, and during that time sought to introduce a +Catholic Priest to open their services with prayers, and was successful +to some extent. He also attended service at the Catholic Church. The +<i>Washington Star</i>, of the 19th June, 1856, gives the following +exposition of facts, in reference to Fremont and his religion:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">A sort of a Catholic</span>.—We take it for granted that among the +informal pledges extracted by delegations in George Law's +Convention, from Col. Fremont, there was not one against the +Catholic Church; insomuch as, up to the recent birth of his +aspirations for the Presidency, he always passed in Washington +for a good enough outside Roman Catholic; that being the Church +in which he was reared. He was married in this city, it will be +remembered, by Father Van Horseigh, a clergyman of his +Church—not of that of his wife's family."</p></div> + +<p>The Republicans sought to incorporate into their platform a plank in +opposition to the <i>Religious Proscription</i> of the American party, so as +to suit the taste of Romanists generally; but Thaddeus Stevens, who +knows Pennsylvania as well as any man living, implored them not to do +so, and stated that such a course, with Fremont as their nominee, would +lose them Pennsylvania by 50,000 votes!</p> + +<p>It turns out, however, that Fremont, as the anti-American, +anti-Protestant candidate, with Mr. Dayton on the ticket, equally +anti-American, and devoted to Romanism, will sweep the Catholic vote in +the United States. Catholics may favor Buchanan in such Southern States +as do not run a Fremont ticket, but in all the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> Northern and +North-Western States, the Fremont ticket will ruin the Buchanan ticket.</p> + +<p>This question, taken in connection with the Slavery issue, and the +Filibustering issue, narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore +and Fremont. Buchanan is defeated, and the Southern fire-eaters see and +feel it! The <i>Atlanta</i> (Ga.) <i>Intelligencer</i> comes out and states, that +if Buchanan can't be elected, it prefers Fremont to Fillmore! And the +South Carolina and Mississippi Disunionists openly avow, that they wish +this to be the last contest of the kind. They are for Buchanan or +Fremont, over Fillmore, because they believe the election of either will +have the glorious effect to bring about a dissolution of the Union! In +the same breath they admit that Fillmore will labor to perpetuate the +Union, and that his election will have the effect to prolong its +existence a few brief years!</p> + +<p>Southern men, and Northern men, Union men, and national, conservative +men, of all parties, can now see <i>where</i> we are driving to, and <i>who</i> +they should support for the Presidency. Let them guard against these +demons of Popery—these incarnate fiends of the Free Soil faith—these +fanatics of a sectional cast—these slimy vultures of Secession—these +bogus Democrats—and these infinitely infernal traitors to the +Constitution and the Union!</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Col. Fremont was educated in and graduated from St. Mary's +College, in Baltimore, a Roman Catholic Institution. He was +brought up in the Catholic Faith, and is a Catholic. He married +a daughter of Col. Benton. Miss Benton was a Presbyterian. They +were married by a clergyman of that denomination; but a +Catholic priest made a fuss about it as being null, void, and +heretical, and the ceremony was re-performed by him!"—<i>Auburn +American.</i></p></div> + +<p>The <i>American</i> might have added, that Fremont is the son of a <i>Catholic +Frenchman</i>, the son of a <i>Catholic mother</i>, and was reared under +Catholic influence. Nay, Fremont educates his children at the Roman +Catholic Institution at Georgetown, in the District of Columbia! The +placing of such a candidate before the public, seems especially designed +to defy public sentiment, and mock the Protestant American feeling of +the country! We had expected the Catholics, with Bishop Hughes at their +head, in a few years more, to come out openly, and run a Catholic for +the Presidency, but we had not supposed them bold enough to attempt it +in 1856. To show beyond all doubt that the nomination of Fremont was the +result of a coalition between Seward and Hughes, more in reference to +the <i>Catholic question</i> than the <i>Slavery issue</i>, we present the record +of Fremont in the United States Senate—his <i>ultra-Pro-Slavery +course</i>—his voting against justice to the Colonization Society, and +<i>seven hundred and fifty</i> captured slaves—his opposition to the +abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>HE IS EXTREME SOUTHERN AND PRO-SLAVERY.</h4> + +<p>John C. Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, in 1850, for +the space of a few months. During that time he made no speeches; indeed, +he has scarcely ever been known to utter any sentiments, or sanction any +opinions. Yet his votes, as a member of the Senate, did make for him a +record; and it is this record that will stare him in the face as long as +he lives—a record in direct conflict with his present professions and +position before the country:</p> + +<h4>LOOK AT IT!—JOHN C. FREMONT'S STATESMANSHIP.</h4> + +<h5>[From the Congressional Globe—Vol. 21, part 2d, p. 1803, etc.]</h5> +<div class="blockquot"><p> +"<span class="smcap">In Senate of United States</span>, Sept. 11, 1850.<br /> +</p> + +<p>"Mr. Underwood, of Kentucky, called up the bill for the relief +of the American Colonization Society. The slaves that were +recaptured on the barque Pons were turned over to the +Colonization Society, by the authority of the United States, +sent to Liberia, and there kept at the expense of the society +for one or two years. Most of them were children of twelve, +fifteen, and sixteen years of age. The society thinks that the +expense of feeding, clothing, and educating these people, which +was thus devolved on them by the action of the Government, +ought to be repaid them. It was certainly an expense incurred +by the society, through the action of the Government in +throwing these young negroes upon them for maintenance, instead +of taking them, as the Government was bound to do by law, and +providing for them. That is the nature of the claim. They +simply ask that so much shall be paid them as the society, from +its own experience, pays in reference to its own emigrants. The +claim was reported upon favorably two years ago. A similar +report has again been made; and as the necessities of the +society require that they should have the money, I hope, said +Mr. U., the Senate will consent to take up the bill. The Senate +agreed to take up the bill, and proceeded to consider it as in +Committee of the Whole.</p> + +<p>"Mr. Turney asked for the reading of the report of the +Committee.</p> + +<p>"The Secretary read the report accordingly. It sets forth that +a liberal construction of the act of Congress of March 3d, +1819, would require that the Government should provide for the +support of these recaptured Africans, for a reasonable time +after they had been landed in Liberia, and that it is beneath +the dignity of the Government to devolve this duty upon the +society. The petition of the executive committee of the society +which the Committee incorporated in their report, states that +on the 16th of December, 1845, the United States Ship Yorktown, +Commodore Bell, landed at Monrovia, in Liberia, from the slaver +Pons, seven hundred and fifty recaptured Africans, in a naked, +starving, and dying condition, all of them excepting twenty-one +being under the age of twenty-one. The United States made no +provision for their support after they were landed....</p> + +<p>"The services of providing for the destitute negroes were not +required to be performed by the society under their +constitution, but the alternative was to leave these recaptured +Africans to starve and die, and the society therefore +cheerfully took charge of them, relying upon the Government of +the United States to refund the cost to them."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> + +<p>The question was discussed at length as to whether the United States +would pay these just and legal demands; and on the vote being taken for +the engrossment of the bill to a third reading, Mr. Fremont's name is +found recorded in the negative—as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Yeas</span>—Messrs. Badger, Baldwin, Bell, Chase, Clayton, Davis of +Mass., DAYTON, Dodge of Wis., Dodge of Iowa, Douglass, Ewing, +Felch, Greene, Hale, Hamlin, Jones, Mangum, Pearce, Pratt, +Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon, Underwood, Wales, +Walker, Whitcomb, and Winthrop—29.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Nays</span>—Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Benton, Butler, Dawson, +Dickinson, Downs, FREMONT, Hunter, King, Mason, Rusk, +Sebastian, Soule, Turner, and Yulee—16."</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Look Again</span>!—On the 18th day of September, 1850, the bill to prevent +persons from enticing away slaves from the District of Columbia was +under consideration, and John P. Hale "moved that it be committed to the +Committee on the District of Columbia, with instructions <i>to so amend it +as to</i> ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA." On the vote being +taken, FREMONT'S name was recorded in the NEGATIVE. (See Cong. Globe, +31st Congress, part 2, p. 1859.)</p> + +<p>Such is Mr. Fremont's <i>record of Statesmanship</i>. It shows his nomination +by the "<i>Republicans</i>" to have been a hollow mockery—"a dishonest +farce,"—an insult to the intelligence of the American people.</p> + +<p>We shall hereafter pursue the record of this "remarkable man."</p> + +<p>Bishop Hughes and Wm. H. Seward have been, for years, intimate personal +and political friends. It is a part of the political history of New +York, that Seward is alone indebted to Hughes for his reelection to the +United States Senate. They are both now united in the support of +Fremont, and they procured his nomination over Judge McLean, a pure and +patriotic man—for many years a <i>Methodist Class-Leader</i>, and an officer +of a <i>Protestant Bible Society</i>.</p> + +<p>The coalition between Hughes, Seward and Fremont, is complete, and the +evidence of the foul coalition and conspiracy will appear in full, in a +few days, but not in time for us to get it into this work. We are right +glad of it, as it narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore and +Fremont, and especially at the North.</p> + +<p>In some of the Northern States, it is now conclusive that a <i>Buchanan</i> +ticket will not be run, while in every Northern State where such a +ticket is run, it will be with no hope of success! Hughes and Seward +will induce several States to drop Buchanan, and unite on Fremont, by +<i>bargaining</i> with them, and obligating themselves to give the Democracy +half of the spoils. Already several <i>Southern</i> Democratic papers are +saying, that if they can't elect Buchanan, they prefer Fremont to +Fillmore! This ought to open the eyes of all true patriots.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p> +<h2>OLD LINE WHIGS, AND THE MOTIVES GOVERNING SOME OF THEM!</h2> + + +<p>In this free country of ours, gentlemen have a right to support any +Presidential or other ticket they may choose to support; and where they +are governed by pure motives in differing from a majority of their +neighbors and old political associates, no one has a right to complain.</p> + +<p>Some few gentlemen, known as "Old Line Whigs," will not come into the +support of the American ticket, but will even support the Democratic +ticket; and do it from an honest (though mistaken) belief that they can +most effectually serve the interests of the country by this course. With +such, we shall be the last man to raise a quarrel—claiming the right to +do as we please in matters of the sort. But there are some men in the +ranks of the enemy now, who are governed by very different motives; and +as these are quoted against the American party, or, as their refusal to +act with the party is a matter of <i>boasting</i> in the Democratic ranks, it +is due to the cause of truth, and of the country, that they should be +understood, that their efforts may be <i>appreciated</i>.</p> + +<p>Without intending to be tedious, we name <span class="smcap">James C. Jones</span>, of Tennessee, +as at the head of the list of <i>Old Liners</i>, whose devotion to the +<i>South</i>, and love of <i>liberty</i>, prevent him from supporting Fillmore and +Donelson. This is the veriest <i>stuff</i> in the political world! Gov. Jones +cannot excuse the matter of his opposition to Millard Fillmore upon the +grounds he rests the case, in his Circular addressed to his +constituents. The true secret of the matter must come to light, that old +Whigs and new Whigs, Americans and Democrats, may appreciate his +motives.</p> + +<p>Last fall, at the Fair in Jackson, in West Tennessee, in the house and +at the bedside of <span class="smcap">Andrew Guthrie</span>, on being inquired of as to his future +course, the Governor became very much excited, and roundly asserted, +that if the American party nominated <i>Fillmore</i>, he should go against +him. [**hand pointing right ==>]<i>Because Fillmore, in his appointment of +persons to office in Tennessee, did not consult him, but in many cases +appointed his personal enemies!</i> Mark, he did not pause to inquire <i>who</i> +might be the opposing candidate to Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> Fillmore. He was not then, as he +is not now, governed by any <i>principle</i> in the matter, but by <i>passion</i>. +He is <i>against Mr. Fillmore</i>, under all circumstances, no matter who may +oppose him! And why? Because Mr. Fillmore did not suffer him to put his +numerous <i>active friends</i> into fat offices under the General Government; +to many of whom he had made pledges while he was struggling for a seat +in the United States Senate—where he ought never to have gone, and +where the better portion of those who aided in his election now regret +having sent him!</p> + +<p>But it is true, Fillmore and his Cabinet did refuse the extravagant +demands made for office by the Governor; and in no single instance did +they appoint men to office from Tennessee without consultation with +<span class="smcap">Bell, Gentry</span>, and <span class="smcap">Williams</span>; all three of whom were offensive to <i>Jones</i>. +They had proven themselves to be worthy of consultation; the Governor +had not! This accounts, moreover, for the efforts of Jones at Baltimore +to defeat the nomination of Fillmore, and to procure the nomination of +Scott—efforts which, unfortunately for the country, were but too +successful!</p> + +<p>When the American party was organized in Tennessee, <span class="smcap">Jones</span> had no +objection to the creed, and would have fallen into the ranks, but then +he beheld <i>Gentry</i> and <i>Brownlow</i> in the party—men whom he despised +above all others. He tried to prevent the nomination of Gentry for +Governor by letter-writing, and by seeking to get up a <i>Whig</i> +Convention. Failing in these schemes, he threw himself into the arena, +and <i>secretly</i> damaged Gentry all he could, and played into the hands of +Johnson, who was only elected by a majority of some <i>two thousand +votes</i>!</p> + +<p>We are not informed as to the course Gov. Jones will pursue in this +contest, further than this, he will go against Fillmore. We predict that +he will support Buchanan. <i>Pride of character</i> may keep him from it—if +he have any of that commodity left, after his five years' residence at +Washington! The platform upon which Buchanan has been placed by the +Cincinnati Convention, is a reiteration of violent and undying hostility +to every measure of public policy that was advocated by <span class="smcap">Henry Clay</span> and +the Old Whig party. Jones still <i>professes</i> an equally undying devotion +to Clay and his principles. Moreover, Jones has, on every stump in +Tennessee, held up Buchanan as a <i>rank old Federalist</i>, a Pennsylvania +<i>Abolitionist</i>, and as the <i>wicked traducer</i>, <i>violent calumniator</i>, and +<i>malignant persecutor</i> of Henry Clay—even attributing his promotion to +the Secretaryship of State, by Mr. Polk, to his <i>infamous agency</i> in +fastening upon Mr. Clay the foul charge of "bargain, intrigue, and +corruption." We confess that we are at a loss to see how Jones can fall +into the support of Buchanan. The <i>nomination</i> of the man is a direct +insult to Old Clay Whigs!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Albert G. Watkins</span>, the Representative in Congress from the First +Congressional District of Tennessee, has gone over to Democracy, placing +his change upon the ground of his <i>great concern for the South</i>! We take +it that he will support Buchanan without hesitancy. This would place +Watkins before the country in his true colors, and reflect the likeness +of the man with <i>daguerreotype</i> accuracy!! With such a platform, and +such a candidate on it, Watkins would have the appearance of a man +walking in one direction, with his head turned completely around, and +his face looking the other way! The incongruity of the platform, and the +peculiar reputation of Buchanan for political inconsistency, are alike +adapted to the history and incidents of Watkins's late canvass for +Congress! The plain truth is, that the man so completely destroyed +himself, and was so ruinously exposed by his competitor, <span class="smcap">Col. Taylor</span>, +whom he beat only some two hundred votes, (and that by means that make +his seat in Congress one of <i>thorns</i>,) that he could but go over to +Locofocoism. And although he has, in former days, held up Buchanan on +the stump as an old Federalist, and as the reviler and persecutor of +Henry Clay, he can advocate him now with a better grace than he can look +his Know Nothing constituents in the face! We cannot say of this man as +Pope said of Craggs:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Broke no promise, served no private end,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gained no title, and who lost no friend."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">William G. Swan</span>, of Knoxville, is next on the list of "Old Line Whigs" +who have gone over to the Foreign Catholic Democratic party, and of +whose conversion the Democrats at a distance boast. Here they do not +brag; but on the other hand, some of the leaders, whose names we can +supply, authorize us to state that they do not want him, and will not +receive him. This man was twice beaten for the Legislature in this +county—never elected by the people to any position outside of +Knoxville—and became soured at the Whig party. He went for <i>Johnson and +Sag Nichtism</i> last summer, and his loss is not regretted by the American +party in this county.</p> + +<p>But <span class="smcap">John H. Crozier</span>, of Knoxville, has gone over to "Old Buck" and his +admirers; and this is claimed as a change! This little man, <i>supremely +selfish</i>, was turned out of Congress five years ago, by <span class="smcap">Josiah M. +Anderson</span>, with the people at his back, for <i>taking too much mileage</i>, by +several hundred dollars per session, for four years! He afterwards +desired the Whig party to run him for Governor; but they were not +willing to undertake the <i>load</i>. He became soured, and last summer paid +a visit to some of the counties below, to avoid, as was believed, voting +for Gentry for Governor, and Sneed for Congress. He was formerly very +bitter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> in his opposition to Democracy; and on many a stump has he +denounced <i>Buchanan</i>, and all others concerned in the "bargain and +intrigue" slander of Clay, besides holding up "Buck" as a Blue-light +Federalist! At a recent Buchanan Ratification meeting in Knoxville, he +made a bitter speech against the American party!</p> + +<p>These two men, Swan and Crozier, were active in getting up an +organization against us, in 1849, by heading a company which purchased +the "<i>Register Establishment</i>," of this city, at the head of which they +placed one <i>john miller m'kee</i>, behind whom they and others concealed +themselves and wrote violent and abusive articles, through a controversy +of two years. Driving the whole of them to the wall, as we did, in the +controversy, they determined to <i>mob and tear down our office</i>; and with +a view to this, those concerned deposited their <i>guns</i>, and other +"implements of husbandry," in the law office jointly occupied by these +two men, who have operated as <i>twin brothers</i> for several years—each +sympathizing with the other in his political defeats! Those concerned +were deterred from this contemplated and well-arranged assault upon our +office, by <span class="smcap">Col. Luttrell</span>, the Comptroller of the State, and other +gentlemen of nerve, arming themselves with shot-guns, pistols, and +hatchets, and taking their stand at our office!</p> + +<p>Nothing daunted by this defeat, these <i>gallant</i> lawyers, and +<i>generous</i>—not to say <i>brave</i>—opponents betook themselves to the +county of Anderson, in this Judicial Circuit, and with great difficulty +got up an indictment against us, under an old statute, forgotten by +gentlemen of the bar, for <i>advertising a Baltimore lottery scheme</i>; when +they themselves, and their relatives, were dealing in the <i>Art Union +lottery</i> in this city! They were most signally defeated in that +indictment; and, together with the two Williamses, brothers-in-law of +Crozier, sought to drive the business men of the place, and others, from +advertising in our paper, or subscribing for it. Failing in this, they +sought to prevent us from getting the Government advertising under +Fillmore's administration; and in this they failed, though this is the +ground of their hostility to Fillmore and his Cabinet, as well as to +John Bell, M. P. Gentry, and C. H. Williams.</p> + +<p>The <i>Register</i> fell through—was sold under the hammer for <i>twenty-two +hundred dollars</i>—McKee ran away—and the company have had about FIVE +THOUSAND DOLLARS to pay for him, which hurts prodigiously! Our <span class="smcap">Whig</span> has +steadily increased in favor with the people, and its circulation is now +THE RISE OF FIVE THOUSAND—being the largest circulation that any +political or other journal ever attained in East Tennessee! Indeed, no +political weekly in Tennessee now has, or ever did have, a circulation +equal to "<span class="smcap">Brownlow's Knoxville Whig</span>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p> + +<p>A young man calling himself <i>Luther Patterson</i>, has been conducting a +foreign Sag Nicht sheet at Kingston, called the "Gazetteer," and which +has gone by the board for the want of patronage. This little eight by +ten sheet has been editorially, and by means of anonymous +communications, assaulting the writer of this work, and the editor of +the <i>Register</i>, <span class="smcap">Mr. Fleming</span>. Patterson paid a recent visit to this +place; at which time Fleming met with him on the street, and publicly +chastised him, applying the toe of a stiff boot to the <i>west end</i> of his +person, with some force. Patterson turned about and boasted in his paper +that he had the best of the fight. Our paper and Fleming's corrected +this false version of the affair, and gave the facts; whereupon +Patterson sued out a writ in the Circuit Court for Fleming, for damages +done to his person in said rencontre, laying his damages at $5,000! +Shortly after this he instituted a civil action against the publishers +of the paper we edit, and another against us for the article we wrote +against him; and these suits are now pending.</p> + +<p>These two <i>gallant</i> attorneys, as we are informed, are employed as +counsel by Patterson—a young man who has no visible means of paying +lawyers, but the <i>eagerness</i> of these gentlemen to get after us would +lead them to "work for nothing and find themselves." In addition to +their several civil suits against several of us, they have sent their +man before the Grand Jury of Knox county, and made a presentment against +us for having <i>out-wrote</i> their Sag Nicht editor! The object of these +suits against the editors and publishers of the American papers here, is +to <i>gag</i> them, or to check their influence in this contest. But they +have mistaken their men. Like other vipers, they will find, before these +matters end, that they bite a file—a file of good <i>American</i> steel, and +tempered to that degree of hardness that all their malignity, intense +and active as it is known to be, will not be able to prevail against it!</p> + +<p>When we came to this city of Knoxville, in 1849, we sold our office at +Jonesborough, at private sale, to pay a <i>security debt</i>, and purchased a +new press and materials on a credit. These we sent on to the care of +<span class="smcap">Williams & Co.</span>, the brothers-in-law of Crozier, who kept about the only +commission and forwarding house in Knoxville. We were detained at +Jonesborough four weeks by close confinement to our bed; and our +materials arriving here, these "Old Line Whigs," who had always +professed friendship toward us, refused to give them house-room; and had +not <span class="smcap">James W. Nelson</span> and others stepped forward and paid the charges, and +procured a house for them, the steamboat captain would have sold them +out for the carriage!</p> + +<p>These <i>magnanimous</i> gentlemen, members of the learned profession of the +law, next contrived, through certain influences they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> brought to bear, +to turn us out of the only office we could rent in the city, and thus +they drove us <i>without the limits of the Corporation</i>, and compelled us +to erect a temporary office upon our own lot, which we had bought on a +credit. They were now at the end of their row. One was a candidate for +Congress, the other for a seat in the Legislature. We pitched into both, +and they were both defeated; but we do not claim that it was through our +influence. Like Cardinal Wolsey, however, they both had to bid +"farewell, a long farewell, to all their greatness." From the pinnacle +of Congressional and Legislative honors, they have been precipitated to +the shades of private life, and to political obscurity. Their chief +ambition now is, to play "fantastic tricks" in courts of justice, and +before grand jurors, in the way of annoying those they have neither the +<i>manliness</i> nor <i>courage</i> to call to an account upon their own hooks!</p> + +<p>The established usage of <i>gentlemen</i>, when offended by a newspaper +editor, is to exact personal satisfaction. To acknowledge that you are +personally aggrieved, and then to retort in tricks behind the offender's +back, or words behind your privileges at the Bar, is to acknowledge that +one is either a <i>fool</i> or a <i>coward</i>—perhaps both. A chief object in +this crusade against us is to gag us during this campaign, and kill us +off from the stump and the press; but they have certainly studied our +character to but little purpose. And whatever line of policy their +prompters and associates of the Locofoco school may urge upon them, let +them be assured that they cannot muzzle criticism of their personal or +political delinquencies. It is a sacred duty to unmask the <i>renegade</i>, +to expose the <i>traitor</i>, and to hold up the <i>demagogue</i> to public +reprobation. That duty will be performed freely and fearlessly, by the +author of this work, come weal or come woe. If these two "Knights of the +Rueful Countenance" kill and eat a dozen Know Nothings, we know one +member of the Order they will not affright into silence. For their +cowardly assaults and their officious intermeddlings they may bare their +backs to the lash. We will be with them to the bitter end, and will only +forsake them in the <i>Gethsemane</i> of their retreat!</p> + +<p>Had we come here with press and type, in 1849, and agreed to be +controlled by these men and their particular friends, we could have been +<i>the</i> man for the times. Had we stooped to flirt and coquette and fawn +and dance around these men, we could have had their endorsement, their +influence, and their money, to any reasonable extent. But we neither +sought their friendship, nor coveted their adulations. We claim to have +been made of such inflexible materials, as not readily to go through the +transmutations necessary to secure the kind regards of these men. We are +no office-seeker,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> and desire no reward beyond the consciousness of +having performed our duty, and of having served our country to the best +of our ability.</p> + +<p>We take this occasion to repeat what we have heretofore said in our +journal, that nearly every prominent man in the country, calling himself +an "Old Line Whig," and now opposed to Fillmore and Donelson, is +influenced by personal grievances, or a desire to get office—matters +with which the people have not the slightest concern. Their opposition +to the American ticket proceeds from personal hostility, either to the +candidates, some of the electoral candidates, or certain prominent +advocates of the ticket, and from no less unworthy motives. Of course +there are exceptions to this rule.</p> + +<p>The idea of an Old Clay Whig supporting the Buchanan ticket is both +absurd and ridiculous. To say nothing of the foul and malignant charge +of "bargain, intrigue, and corruption," Buchanan labored to fasten upon +Clay, the Platform upon which the Cincinnati Convention has placed +Buchanan repudiates every principle Clay contended for, and held as +sacred to the day of his death. On the contrary, the American party has +not ignored one political tenet held by the Whig party, but has added +new ones; none of which are at war with the creed of Clay, or the +Constitution of our country! To make short work of a long story, no man +who ever was a <i>true Whig</i>, and acted with that party <i>from principle</i>, +can consistently go over to the <i>bogus</i> Democracy of this day, and vote +for Buchanan and Breckenridge!</p> + +<p>Talk about a Clay Whig turning Sag Nicht! What an idea! What principle +does this Foreign Democratic party hold, that an Old Line Whig, or a +conservative man, North or South, does not disapprove? What principles +have they ever held, the evil effects of which are not now standing out +in bold relief as a monument of their shame, and to which they have +added the unpardonable sin of making war upon <span class="smcap">Native American +Protestants</span>?</p> + +<p>In conclusion, the reader will please allow a few remarks <span class="smcap">personal</span> to +the writer, and he is done—leaving the public to make their own +comments, and their own disposition of both this book and its author. +Our life has been a public life—our cause a public cause. We have our +faults, as most men have; and we have committed some errors, as most men +have. Our few acts of goodness and virtue, if any, we leave others to +hunt up; our faults are subjects of criticism, and are viewed with a +<i>jaundiced eye</i> by our opponents. Through a course of <i>eighteen years</i> +of editorial invective, (whether right or wrong,) we claim to have been +actuated by none other than the best of motives. We have never been +prompted by ambition, malice, or a desire to make money. Our voice, +which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> has echoed over many hills and through many valleys, has never +been heard in extenuation of guilt; has never been heard to plead the +cause of the gambler, the swearer, the drunkard, the robber, or the +assassin. Wherever vice has lifted its "seven heads and ten +horns"—wherever fraud has showed its thieving hand—wherever gambling +has displayed its rotten heart—wherever demagogues have sought to +impose on the honest people—there have we tried to be conspicuous; not +as their aider and abettor, but as their scourge, their accuser, and +their unrelenting foe. And among this class of men are our most bitter +foes. What friends we have are to be found at the fireside of +virtue—among sober, sedate, and thinking men, and among the brave and +honorable. We have never been the slave or sycophant of any man or +party, as our immense band of subscribers, numbering thousands, will +bear us witness.</p> + +<p>And now, <span class="smcap">Americans</span>, while we look forward to the future with pleasing +anticipations—while we rejoice in prospect of the final triumph of +wisdom, of reason, and of virtue, over audacious ignorance, palpable +corruption, canting hypocrisy, and caballing Democracy—God forbid that +we should indulge the vain idea that we have nothing to do! Let every +friend of American rights and Protestant liberties take a bold, a +decided stand, vowing most solemnly that he will have no fellowship at +the ballot-box with the friends of that unpitying monster, a <span class="smcap">Democratic +Papal Hierarchy</span>! Be active, be vigilant, and persevering, and the day is +ultimately ours!</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Strike till the last armed foe expires;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Strike for your altars and your fires;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Strike for the green graves of your sires,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">God, and your native land!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p> +<h2>TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE—LETTER No. 2.</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:—On the night of the 9th of June, 1856, you held forth in the +Court-House in Charleston, Mo., taking myself, <i>Rev. Josiah McCrary</i>, +the Methodist stationed preacher of that town, and Methodists generally, +for your text. It would seem that the <i>touch</i> I gave you, and a letter +of mine read before a large congregation in Charleston, on Sabbath +evening, June 8th, <i>have fully developed all the latent blackguardism of +your early training and corrupt nature</i>! I will now place the record of +your <i>infamy</i> before the world in such a permanent form, and circulate +it so extensively, that your low Billingsgate and vile blackguardism can +never harm any man or sect. I will make such a showing of you that no +persons of refined feelings or of any pride of character will hear you +preach or entertain you in future! I will remind many readers of the +showing up of your infamous character and conduct, by the editor of the +Louisville Journal, ten or twelve years ago, and of the exposure of your +villainous conduct by the <i>Rev. Mr. McNutt</i>, of Kentucky, through the +Nashville Advocate, some eight or nine years ago.</p> + +<p>I will only add the following article from my paper of the 21st June, +1856, as it completes your record, so far as Tennessee is concerned. I +will only add, that you were driven out of McMinn County in East +Tennessee, where you were preaching, lying, and drinking whiskey, years +ago. There and then, too, the records of the Sullivan County affair, +certified to by the Clerk, were produced against you! But to the article +from my late paper:</p> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">Stephen Tribble again.</span></h4> + +<p>This old hypocrite and scoundrel has been denying in the pulpit that he +was ever convicted of manslaughter or branded! It turns out, also, that +the old villain once joined the American party in West Tennessee! And +last, but not least, it seems that he was turned out of both the +Methodist and Presbyterian Churches before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> he became a Campbellite +preacher. A pretty disciple to be abusing honest men! But to the law and +to the testimony:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Roane County</span>, June 3d, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>:—In your issue of the 14th of May, you notice <i>Stephen +Tribble</i>, and ask for information concerning him. He came to +the lower end of Roane county from one of the upper counties of +East Tennessee, and passed himself for an Arian preacher. I +objected to his preaching in a meeting-house, and came near +getting myself into a scrape. About that time a gentleman came +from our upper country, and said he had seen his father apply +the branding-iron to Tribble, and the smoke rose ten feet high! +I then began to play on a harp of one string against him, and +that was <i>a tribble</i>, whereupon he left between two days for +Kentucky! He was once expelled from the Methodist Church, and +afterwards he was expelled from the Presbyterian Church. If +Tribble disputes what I say, all I ask is a chance to prove it. +I live ten miles south of Kingston, near Barnardsville. Yours +truly,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">John Blair</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Paris, Tenn.</span>, June 6th, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:—I see in a late issue of yours that you are after a +Reverend wolf, Stephen Tribble. I am personally acquainted with +him, as I lived in Sullivan county when he was in the +Blountville jail. I have heard him preach here, and deny from +the stand ever having been in jail, when he and I had talked +the whole matter over the day before. He is now about +forty-eight years of age—has a scar on his cheek. He preached +here monthly in 1846, and here it was that he joined the +American party. He now resides either in Graves or Fulton +county, Kentucky. One of his brothers told me last week that he +now preaches at one point in Kentucky, and the rest of his time +in Missouri. One of their preachers told me that he gets drunk +and cuts up largely. Yours, with respect,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">A. J. Hicks</span>."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>To the foregoing letters we add a certified copy of the records of the +Circuit Court of Sullivan county, and after this we shall leave this +<i>old clerical debauchee</i> to preach for such Sag Nichts as may feel +edified by his ministry:</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Monday</span>, Sept. 24, 1827.</span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"State of Tennessee, First Circuit, Sullivan County Court: met +according to adjournment. Present, Honorable Samuel Powell, +Judge, &c."</p> + +<p> +"<span class="smcap">Friday</span>, Sept. 28, 1827.<br /> +</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">State</span> <i>vs.</i> <span class="smcap">Stephen Tribble and John Tribble</span>.</p> + +<p>"In this cause, the jury having retired yesterday to consider +of their verdict, under the care of an officer, and the same +jury, to wit: James Steele, Wm. Morgan, Joshua Miller, John +Thomas, Wm. Hashman, John Wassum, Thomas Brown, Stephen B. +Cawood, John K. Arnold, Thomas Fain, William Hughes, and +William H. Biggs, returning to the bar, do say, they find the +defendants not guilty of the murder, but they find them guilty +of manslaughter as charged in the bill of indictment. Whereupon +the defendants moved the Court for a rule to show cause why a +new trial should be had, which rule is granted, and on argument +said rule is discharged. It is therefore considered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span> by the +Court that for such offence the said defendants be imprisoned +for the term of four calendar months: that they be branded with +the letter M in the brawn of the thumbs of their left hands on +to-morrow morning, and that they pay the costs of this suit or +remain in custody until the same is paid."</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p> +<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">State of Tennessee, Sullivan County</span>.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>"I, Jno. W. Cox, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Sullivan County, do +hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, true, and perfect copy of +the final judgment in the case of State <i>vs.</i> Stephen Tribble and John +Tribble, as appears of record in my office.</p> + +<p>"Given under my hand at this office, the 10th of June, 1856.</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">"Jno. W. Cox, Clerk,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">"By A. J. Cox, Dep. Clerk."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>In conclusion, <i>Stephen</i>, I take my leave of you now, having introduced +you to the 5,000 subscribers to the Whig, the 7,500 subscribers to our +campaign paper, and the <i>tens of thousands of readers</i> of this book—a +work which will exist and be referred to when I am in my grave, and you +are in the hot embraces of the Devil! You will at least agree with me +that <i>that</i> was an evil hour for you when you travelled out of your way +to assail me before a strange audience in Missouri.</p> + +<p> +<span class="date">I am, &c.,</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="date">Knoxville, June 23d, 1856.</span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p> +<h2>A SERMON ON SLAVERY.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Delivered by the undersigned in Temperance Hall in Knoxville, +on Sabbath, 8th of June, 1856, to a large and attentive +audience, composed of citizens and strangers—some from the +North and some from the South—occupying one hour and a quarter +in the delivery. It is published as it was delivered, without +an omission or an alteration. Respectfully, &c.,</p></div> + +<p> +<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow.</span></span><br /> +</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Text</span>.—"Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their +own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his +doctrine be not blasphemed."—1 Tim. vi. 1.</p></div> + +<p>Whoever reflects upon the nature of man, will find him to be almost +entirely the creature of circumstances: his habits and sentiments are, +in a great measure, the growth of adventitious circumstances and causes; +hence the endless variety and condition of our species. That race of men +in our country known as Abolitionists, Free-soilers, or Black +Republicans, look upon any deviation from the constant round in which +<i>they</i> have been spinning out the thread of their existence as a +departure from nature's great system; and, from a known principle of our +nature, the first impulse of these fanatics is to condemn. It is thus +that the man born and matured in a free State looks upon slavery as +unnatural and horrible, and in violation of every law of justice or +humanity! And it is not uncommon to hear bigots of this character, in +their churches at the North, imploring the Divine wrath to shower down +the consuming fires of heaven on that great Sodom and Gomorrah of the +New World, all that section of country south of Mason and Dixon's line, +where this unjust practice prevails.</p> + +<p>When an unprejudiced and candid mind examines into the past condition of +our race, and learns the fact which history develops, as the inquirer +will, that a majority of mankind were <i>slaves</i>, he will be driven to the +melancholy reflection, that the world, when first peopled by God +himself, was not a world of freemen, but of <i>slaves</i>!</p> + +<p>Slavery was really established and sanctioned by Divine authority among +even God's chosen people, the favored children of Israel. Abraham, the +founder of this interesting nation, and the chosen servant of the Most +High, was the owner of more slaves than any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> cotton-planter in South +Carolina or Mississippi. That magnificent shrine, the gorgeous temple of +Solomon, commenced and completed under the pious promptings of religion +and ancient Free-Masonry, was reared alone by the hands of slaves! +Egypt's venerable and enduring pyramids were reared by the hands of +slaves! Involuntary servitude, reduced to a science, existed in ancient +Assyria and Babylon. The ten tribes of Israel were carried off to +Assyria by Shalmanezer, and the two strong tribes of Judah were +subsequently carried in triumph by Nebuchadnezzar to end their days in +Babylon as slaves, and to labor to adorn the city. Ancient Phœnicia +and Carthage were literally overrun with slavery, because the slave +population outnumbered the free and the owners of slaves! The Greeks and +Trojans, at the siege of Troy, were attended with large numbers of their +slaves. Athens, and Sparta, and Thebes—indeed, the whole Grecian and +Roman worlds—had more slaves than freemen. And in those ages which +succeeded the extinction of the Roman empire in the West, slaves were +the most numerous class. Even in the days of civilization and Christian +light which revolutionized governments, laboring serfs and abject slaves +were distributed throughout Eastern Europe, and a portion of Western +Asia—conclusively showing that slavery existed over these boundless +regions. In China, the worst forms of slavery have existed since its +earliest history. And when we turn to Africa, we find slavery, in all +its most horrid forms, existing throughout its whole extent, the slaves +outnumbering the freemen at least three to one. Looking, then, to the +whole world, we may with confidence assert, that slavery in its worst +forms subdues by far the largest portion of the human race!</p> + +<p>Now, the inquiry is, how has slavery risen and thus spread over our +whole earth? We answer, by the <i>laws of war</i>, <i>the state of property</i>, +<i>the feebleness of governments</i>, the thirst for <i>bargain and sale</i>, the +<i>increase of crime</i>, and last, but not least, <i>by and with the consent +and approbation of Deity</i>!</p> + +<p>These remarks may suffice by way of an introduction, and they will serve +to indicate the course we intend to pursue, if the announcement of the +text has not already done that. <i>Let as many servants as are under the +yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor</i>, &c. The word here +rendered <i>servants</i> means <span class="smcap">slaves</span>, converted to the Christian faith; and +the word rendered <i>yoke</i> signifies the <i>state of slavery</i> in which +Christ and the apostles found the world involved when the Christian +Church was first organized. By the word rendered <i>masters</i> we are to +understand the heathen masters of those Christianized slaves. Even +these, in such circumstances, and under such domination, are commanded +to treat their masters with all honor and respect, that the name of God, +by which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> they were called, and the doctrine of God, to wit, +Christianity, which they had professed, might not be blasphemed, might +not be evil spoken of in consequence of their improper conduct. Civil +rights are never abolished by any communication from God's Spirit; and +those fiery bigots at the North who propose to abolish the institution +of slavery in this country are not following the dictates of God's +Spirit or law. The civil state in which a man was before his conversion, +is not altered by that conversion; nor does the grace of God absolve him +from any claims which the State, his neighbor, or lawful owner may have +had on him. All these outward things continue unaltered: hence, if a man +be under the sentence of death for murder, and God see fit to convert +him, he is not released from suffering the extreme penalty of the law!</p> + +<p>The Church of Christ, when originally constituted, claimed no right, <i>as +an ecclesiastical organization</i>, to interfere in any way with the civil +government. This was the principle upon which the Church was founded, as +announced by its immortal Head. When Christ was doomed by a cruel Roman +law to its most ignominious condemnation, he did not so much as resist +it, because <i>it was law</i>, nor did he complain of it as oppressive.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Then Pilate entered into the judgment-hall again, and called +Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?... +Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom +were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should +not be delivered to the Jews; but now is my kingdom not from +hence.... To this end was I born, and for this cause came I +into the world, that I should bear witness unto the +truth."—John xviii. 33-37.</p></div> + +<p>When Christ came into the world on the business of his mission, he found +the Jewish people subject to the dominion of the Roman kingdom; and in +no instance did he counsel the Jews to rebellion, or incite them to +throw off the Roman yoke, as do the vagabond philanthropists of the +North in reference to the existing laws of the United States upon the +subject of slavery. Christ was, by lineal descent, "<span class="smcap">The King of the +Jews</span>," but he did not assert his temporal power, but actually refused to +be crowned in that right.</p> + +<p>Under the Roman law, human liberty was held by no more certain tenure +than the whim of the sovereign power, protected by no definite +constitution. Slavery constituted the most powerful and essential +element of the government, and that slavery was of the most cruel +character, and gave to the master absolute discretion over the lives of +the slaves. Notwithstanding all this, Christ did not make war upon the +existing government, nor denounce the rulers for conferring such powers, +although he looked upon cruel legislation in the light in which the +character of his mission required. And although the <i>Church itself</i> was +not what it should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> have been, in no instance did Christ ever denounce +<i>that</i>. The only denunciations the Saviour ever uttered, were those +against the doctors and lawyers, ministers and expounders of the Jewish +code of ecclesiastical law.</p> + +<p>But allow us to present the case of the Apostle Paul, as proof more +palpable and overwhelming, on this very point. He had been falsely +accused, cruelly imprisoned, and tyrannically arraigned; and that, too, +before a licentious governor, an unjust and dissipated ruler, and an +unprincipled infidel. The Roman law in force at the time arrested the +freedom of speech, denied the rights of conscience, and even forbade the +free expression of opinion in all matters conflicting with the +provisions of the laws of the Roman government. In his defence before +Felix, Paul never so much as speaks of Roman law, though well acquainted +with it, but "he reasoned of <i>righteousness</i>, and <i>temperance</i>, and the +<i>judgment to come</i>." Here was a suitable occasion to condemn the +regulations and to question the authority of the villainous statutes of +Rome; but instead of this, Paul plead his rights <i>under</i> the unjust +regulations of the law. He charged Felix with <i>official</i> delinquency, +with <i>personal</i> crime, and, as a <i>man</i>, he held him up to public scorn, +and threatened him with the vengeance of God! He appealed <i>to the law</i>, +and justified himself <i>by the law</i>. He claimed the rights of a "<i>Roman +citizen</i>"—demanded the protection due to a Roman citizen—and he +scorned to find fault with the law, cruel and unjust as he knew it to +be. And the consequence was, that the licentious infidel who ruled, +"<i>trembled</i>."</p> + +<p>The views we have here presented are not at all new, but have been +uniformly acted upon by evangelical Christians, in all ages of the +world. Since the days of St. Paul and Simon Peter, no reformer has +appeared who was more violent than that good and great man, <span class="smcap">Martin +Luther</span>. <span class="smcap">John Calvin</span> possessed a revolutionary spirit—he fought every +thing he believed to be wrong—he was unyielding in his disposition, and +unmitigated in his severity. Yet neither of these great men ever made +war upon the existing laws of their respective countries. <span class="smcap">John Wesley</span> +was the great reformer of the past century—he reformed the whole +ecclesiastical machinery of the modern Church of Christ; and his +doctrines, and manner of conducting revivals, are leading elements of +American Christianity. But Mr. Wesley never made war upon the English +government, under which he lived and died. On the other hand, it is a +matter of serious complaint among sectarians not friendly to the spread +of Methodism, that Wesley wrote elaborately against the war of the +Revolution. He was devoted to law and order, and he deemed it a +religious duty to oppose all resistance to existing laws. In his +troubles at Savannah, Georgia, like Paul before the licentious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> +governor, he appealed <i>to the law</i>, and sought by every means in his +power to be tried <i>under</i> the law, asking only the privilege of being +heard in his own defence! And it was, in all the instances we have +mentioned, "<i>that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed</i>," +to quote the expressive language of the text, that existing laws have +been adhered to by the propagators of gospel truth.</p> + +<p>The essential principles of the great moral law delivered to Moses by +God himself, are set forth in what is called the tenth commandment, in +the 20th chapter of Exodus: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, +thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his <i>man-servant</i>, nor his +<i>maid servant</i>, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy +neighbor's." Now, the only true interpretation of this portion of the +Word of God is, that the species of property mentioned are <i>lawful</i>, and +that all men are forbid to disturb others in the lawful enjoyment of +their property. "Man-servants and maid-servants" are distinctly +<i>consecrated as property</i>, and guaranteed to man for his exclusive +benefit—proof irresistible that slavery was thus ordained by God +himself. We have seen learned dissertations from the pens of +Abolitionists, saying, that the term "servant," and not "slave," is used +here. To this we reply, that both the Hebrew and Greek words translated +"servant," mean also "slave," and are more frequently used in this sense +than in the former. Besides, the Hebrew Scriptures teach us, that God +especially authorized his peculiar people to <i>purchase</i> "<span class="smcap">bondmen for +ever</span>;" and if to be in <i>bondage for ever</i> does not constitute <i>slavery</i>, +we yield the point.</p> + +<p>The visionary notions of piety and philanthropy entertained by many men +at the North, lead them to resist the <i>Fugitive Slave Law</i> of this +government, and even to <i>violate the tenth commandment</i>, by stealing our +"men-servants and maid-servants," and running them into what they call +free territory. Nay, the <i>villainous piety</i> of some leads them to +contribute <i>Sharpe's Rifles</i> and <i>Holy Bibles</i>, to send the +<i>uncircumcised Philistines</i> of New England into Kansas and Nebraska, to +shoot down the Christian owners of slaves, and then to perform religious +ceremonies over their dead bodies! Clergymen lay aside their Bibles at +the North, and females, as in the case of that model beauty, <i>Harriet +Beecher Stowe</i>, unsex themselves to carry on this horrid and slanderous +warfare against slaveholders of the South! And English travellers, +steeped to the nose and chin in prejudices against this government and +our institutions, have written books upon the subject. The Halls, +Hamiltons, Trollopes, and Miss Martineaus, <i>et ed omne genus</i>, all have +misrepresented us! These English writers all denounce slavery, and +eulogize <i>Democracy</i>; as if an Englishman could<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> be a Democrat, in the +modern, vulgar sense of the term, and be a consistent man!</p> + +<p>But we do not propose, in this brief discourse, to enter into any +defence of the African slave trade. Although the evils of it are greatly +exaggerated, its evils and cruelties, its barbarities, are not justified +by the most ultra slaveholders of this age. The vile traffic was +abolished by the United States, even before the British Parliament +prohibited it. All the powers in the world have subsequently prohibited +this trade—some of the more influential and powerful of them declaring +it <i>piracy</i>, and covering the African seas with armed vessels to prevent +it!</p> + +<p>This trade, which seems so shocking to the feelings of mankind, dates +its origin as far back as the year 1442. Antony Gonzales, a Portuguese +mariner, while exploring the coast of Africa, was the first to steal +some <i>Moors</i>, and was subsequently forced by Prince Henry of Portugal to +carry them back to Africa. In the year 1502, the Spaniards began to +steal negroes, and employ them in the mines of Hispaniola, Cuba, and +Jamaica. In 1517, the Emperor Charles V. granted a <i>patent</i> to certain +privileged persons, <i>to steal exclusively</i> a supply of 4,000 negroes +annually, for these islands!</p> + +<p>African slaves were first imported into America in 1620, a century after +their introduction into the West Indies. The first cargo, of twenty +Africans, by a Dutch vessel, was brought up the James River, into +Virginia, and sold out as slaves. England then being the most commercial +of European nations, engrossed the trade; and from 1680 to 1780, there +were imported into the British Possessions alone, <span class="smcap">two millions of +slaves</span>—making an average annual importation of more than 20,000! And +the annual importation into America has transcended 50,000! The States +of this Union, north of Mason and Dixon's Line, commonly called the New +England States, were never, to any great extent, <i>slaveholding</i>; their +virtuous and pious minds were chiefly exercised in <i>slave-stealing</i> and +<i>slave-selling</i>! To Old England our New England States owe their +knowledge of the art of slave-stealing; and to New England these +Southern States are wholly indebted for their slaves. They stole the +African from his native land, and sold him into bondage for the sake of +gain. They kept but few of their captives among themselves, because it +was not profitable to use negro labor in the cold and sterile regions of +New England. And when they enacted laws in the New England States +abolishing slavery, they brought their negroes into the South and sold +them before their laws could go into operation! This is the true history +of slavery in New England. They stole and sold property which it was not +profitable to keep, and for which they now refuse all warranty. And +what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> few American ships are in the trade now, at the peril of piracy, +are New England ships.</p> + +<p>The pious and religious portion of New England Abolitionists, we take +it, are the better portion, and in these we have no sort of confidence. +Take, for example, the case of that great man, and powerful pulpit +orator, <span class="smcap">Stephen Olin</span>, who came into Georgia, and was introduced into the +ministry by <span class="smcap">Bishop Andrew</span> and his friends, and by this means married a +lady owning a number of slaves. He sold them all for the money, pocketed +the money, and returned to his congenial North; and when <span class="smcap">Bishop Andrew</span> +was arraigned before the General Conference of 1844, because he had +married a widow lady owning a few slaves, this man <span class="smcap">Olin</span> appeared on the +floor, and spoke and voted against the Bishop! Dr. Olin had washed his +hands of the sin of slavery—had his money out at interest—and he was +ready to plead for the rights of the poor African! May we not exclaim, +"Lord, what is man?"</p> + +<p>We are acquainted with many of the leading Abolitionists of the North +connected with the Methodist Church; and although we suppose they are +about as good as the Abolitionists of other denominations we have no +confidence in them. The most of them would enter their fine churches on +the Sabbath, preach for hours against the sin of slavery, shed their +tears over the oppressions of the "servile progeny of Ham," in these +Southern States; and on the next day, in a purely business transaction, +behind a counter, or in the settlement of an account, cheat a Southern +slave out of the <i>pewter</i> that ornaments the head of his cane!</p> + +<p>There is much in the political papers of the country calculated, if not +intended, to fan a flame of intense warfare upon the subject of slavery, +which can result in no possible good to any one. Those politicians who +are exciting the whole country, and fanning society into a livid +consuming flame, particularly at the North, have no sympathies for the +black man, and care nothing for his comfort. They only seek their own +glory. This political disquiet and commotion is giving birth to new and +loftier schemes of agitation and disunion, among the vile Abolitionists +of the country, and to bold and hazardous enterprises in the States and +Territories. And many of our Southern altars smoke with the vile incense +of Abolitionism. We have scores of Abolitionists in the South, in +disguise—designing men—some filling our pulpits—some occupying high +positions in our colleges—some editing political and religious +papers—some selling goods—and some following one calling and some +another, who, though among us, are not of us, Southern men may rest +assured!</p> + +<p>We endorse, without reserve, that much-abused sentiment of a +distinguished South Carolina statesmen, now no more, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> "slavery is +the corner-stone of our republican edifice;" while we repudiate, as +ridiculously absurd, that much-lauded, but nowhere-accredited dogma of +<span class="smcap">Mr. Jefferson</span>, that "all men are born equal." God never intended to make +the <i>butcher</i> a judge, nor the <i>baker</i> a president, but to protect them +according to their claims as butcher and baker. Pope has beautifully +expressed this sentiment, where he has said:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Order is heaven's first law, and this confessed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Some are</i>, and <i>must be</i>, greater than the rest."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>We have gone among the free negroes at the North—we have visited their +miserable dwellings in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and other points; +and, in every instance, we have found them more miserable and destitute, +as a whole, than the slave population of the South. In our Southern +States, where negroes have been set at liberty, in nine cases out of ten +their conditions have been made worse; while the most wretched, +indolent, immoral, and dishonest class of persons to be found in the +Southern States, are <i>free persons of color</i>.</p> + +<p>The freedom of negroes in even the Northern States, is, in all respects, +only an empty name. The citizen negro does not vote, and takes good care +not to do so. The law does not interdict him this privilege, but if he +attempt to avail himself of the privilege, he is apprehensive of +"apostolic blows and kicks," which the pious Abolitionists will +administer to him. All the social advantages, all the respectable +employments, all the honors, and even the pleasures of life, are denied +the free negroes of the North, by citizens full of sympathy for the +down-trodden African! The negro cannot get into an omnibus, cannot enter +a bar-room frequented by whites, nor a church, nor a theatre; nor can he +enter the cabin of a steamboat, in one of the Northern rivers or lakes, +or enter a first class passenger car on one of their railroads. They are +not suffered to enter a stage-coach with whites, but are forced upon the +deck, whether it shall rain or shine—whether it be hot or cold. +Industry is closed to them, and they are forced to live as <i>servants</i> in +hotels, or adopt the professions of barber, or boot-black, or open +oysters in saloons, or sell villainous liquors to the lower classes of +German and Irish emigrants, who throng our large cities and towns. The +negroes even have their <i>own streets</i>, and their own low-down kennels; +they have their hospitals, their churches, their cars, upon which are +written in large letters, "FOR COLORED PEOPLE!" Finally, they are forced +to have their own <i>grave-yards</i>—the <i>yellow</i> remains of Northern +Abolitionists, and pious white men, refusing to mingle with the +bleeching bones of the dead negro! While, in the South, they crowd the +galleries and back seats in our churches,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> travel in our passenger cars, +and even <i>loan their money</i> to our white men at interest! Such is an +outline of the contrast between free negroes at the North, and slaves at +the South.</p> + +<p>Let us turn again to the Holy Scriptures, and see whether or not they +sustain or condemn the institution of slavery. The opposers of slavery +profess to be governed alone by the teachings of the Bible, in their war +upon this institution. It is vain to look to Christ or any of his +apostles to justify the blasphemous perversions of the word of God, +continually paraded before the world by these graceless agitators. +Although slavery in its most revolting forms was everywhere visible +around them, no visionary notions of piety or schemes of philanthropy +ever tempted either Christ or one of his apostles to gainsay the <span class="smcap">law</span>, +even to mitigate the cruel severity of the slavery system then existing. +On the contrary, finding slavery <i>established by law</i>, as well as an +<i>inevitable and necessary consequence</i>, growing out of the condition of +human society, their efforts were to sustain the institution. Hence, St. +Paul actually apprehended a "<i>fugitive slave</i>," and sent him back to his +lawful owner and earthly master!</p> + +<p>Having already appealed to the authority of the Old Testament +Scriptures, we turn to that of the New, where we learn that slavery +existed in the earliest days of the Christian Church, and that both +<i>masters</i> and <i>slaves</i> were members of the same Christian congregations. +Slavery was an institution of the State in the Roman Empire, as it is in +the Southern States of this confederacy, and the apostles did not feel +at liberty to denounce it, if, indeed, they felt the least opposition to +it—a thing we deny.</p> + +<p>But, before we appeal to the irresistible authority of the New +Testament, we will submit a few only of a great many passages from the +Old Testament—not having quoted as extensively as may have been deemed +necessary:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"And he said, I <i>am</i> Abraham's servant."—<span class="smcap">Gen.</span> xxiv. 34.</p> + +<p>"And there was of the house of Saul a <i>servant</i>, whose name was +Ziba; and when they had called him unto David, the king said +unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, <i>Thy servant is he</i>."—2 +<span class="smcap">Sam.</span> ix. 2.</p> + +<p>"Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's <i>servant</i>, and said unto +him, I have given unto thy <i>master's</i> son all that pertained to +Saul, and to all his house."—Verse 9th.</p> + +<p>"Thou, therefore, and thy sons, and thy <i>servants</i>, shall till +the land for him, and thou shalt bring in <i>the fruits</i>, that +thy <i>master's</i> son may have food to eat, &c. Now Ziba had +fifteen sons and <span class="smcap">twenty servants</span>."—Verse 10th.</p> + +<p>"I got me <i>servants</i> and maidens, and had <i>servants born in my +house</i>; also, I had great possessions of great and small +cattle, above all that were in Jerusalem before me."—<span class="smcap">Eccles.</span> +ii. 7.</p> + +<p>"And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence camest thou? And she +said, I flee from the face of my <i>mistress</i> Sarai."—<span class="smcap">Gen.</span> xvi. +8.</p> + +<p>"And the Angel of the Lord said unto her, <i>Return to thy +mistress</i>, and submit thyself to her hands."—Verse 9th.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p> + +<p>The only comments we have to offer upon these passages are, first, one +individual acknowledges himself the owner of twenty slaves! Another was +raising slaves, and having them born in his house!! And last, but not +least, the angel of God ordered the fugitive slave to return to her +lawful owner!! High authority, this, for apprehending runaway slaves!</p> + +<p>In reference to bad servants, we read in Prov. xxix. 19:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"A servant will not be corrected by <i>words</i>; for though he +understand, he will not answer."</p></div> + +<p>The Scriptures look to the correction of servants, and really enjoin it, +as they do in the case of children. We esteem it the duty of Christian +masters to feed and clothe well, and in cases of disobedience to <i>whip +well</i>.</p> + +<p>In the book of Joel, iii. 8, the <i>slave trade</i> is recognized as of +Divine authority:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the land of +the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, +to a people far off; FOR THE LORD HATH SPOKEN IT!"</p> + +<p>"Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called. +Art thou called, being <i>a servant</i>? Care not for it; but if +thou mayest be made free, use it rather. For he that is called +in the Lord, being <i>a servant</i>, is the Lord's freeman; likewise +also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant."—1 +Cor. vii. 20-22.</p> + +<p>"<i>Servants</i>, be obedient to them that are your <i>masters +according to the flesh</i>, with fear and trembling, in singleness +of your heart, as unto Christ. Not with eye-service, as +men-pleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of +God from the heart. With good-will doing service, as to the +Lord, and not to men: knowing that whatsoever good thing any +man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be +bond or free. And, <i>ye masters</i>, do the same things unto them, +forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in +heaven: neither is there respect of persons with him."—Eph. +vi. 5-9.</p> + +<p>"<i>Servants</i>, obey in all things your <i>masters according to the +flesh</i>: not with eye-service, as men-pleasers; but in +singleness of heart, fearing God. And whatsoever ye do, do it +heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men: knowing that of the +Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance; for ye +serve the Lord Christ."—Col. iii. 22-25.</p> + +<p>"<i>Masters</i>, give unto <i>your servants</i> that which is just and +equal: knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."—Col. iv. +1.</p> + +<p>"Let as many <i>servants as are under the yoke</i> count their <i>own +masters</i> worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his +doctrine be not blasphemed. And they that have <i>believing +masters</i>, let them not despise them, because they are brethren; +but rather do them service, because they are faithful and +beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and +exhort."—1 Tim. vi. 1, 2.</p> + +<p>"Exhort <i>servants</i> to be obedient unto their <i>own masters</i>, and +to please them well in all things; not answering again; not +purloining, but showing all good fidelity; that they may adorn +the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things."—Titus ii. 9, +10.</p> + +<p>"<i>Servants</i>, be subject to <i>your masters</i> with all fear; not +only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. For this +is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure +grief, suffering wrongfully."—1 Peter ii. 18, 19.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p> + +<p>We have but a single word of comment to offer upon these passages of +Scripture. The original words used by the Greek writers, both sacred and +profane, to express slave; the most abject condition of slavery; to +express the absolute owner of a slave, and the absolute control of a +slave, are the strongest that the language affords, and are used in the +passages here quoted. If the apostles understood the common use of +words, and desired to convey these ideas, and to recognize the relations +of master and servant, they would, naturally enough, employ the very +words used. To say that they did not know the primary meaning and <i>usus +loquendi</i> of the original words, is paying them a compliment we wish not +to participate in! And to show that we are not singular in our views of +the meaning expressed in the passages quoted, showing that they express +in the one case slaves, and in the other masters or owners, actually +holding them as property, under the sanction of the laws of the State, +we quote from the following authorities:</p> + +<p>That great commentator, Dr. <span class="smcap">Adam Clarke</span>, on 1 Cor. vii. 21, says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Art thou converted to Christ while thou art a slave—the +property of another person, and bought with his money? <i>Care +not for it.</i>"</p></div> + +<p>The learned Dr. Neander, in his work entitled "Planting and Training of +the Church," in referring to <i>Onesimus</i>, mentioned in the epistle to +Philemon, says of him:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"It does not appear to be surprising that a <i>runaway slave</i> +should betake himself at once to Rome."</p></div> + +<p>To the foregoing might be added other authorities of equal weight and +importance.</p> + +<p>It is a well-known historical fact, that slaveholders were admitted into +the <span class="smcap">Apostolic Churches</span>; nor would this assumed position of the advocates +of slavery be at all denied by any intelligent and well-read men at the +North, but for the fact that they think such an admission would decide +the question against abolitionists. We have given much attention to this +subject within ten years past, and we feel no sort of delicacy in +expressing our views and convictions, as revolting as they may be to +Northern men and Free-soilers, even among us. We believe that the +primitive Christians held slaves in bondage, and that the apostles +favored slavery, by admitting slaveholders into the Church, and by +promoting them to official stations in the Church. And why do we believe +all this? Because we are sustained in these positions by uninterrupted +historical testimony!</p> + +<p>Well, for the information of abolitionists and other anti-slavery men +dispersed throughout the South, we assume that the fact of the apostles +admitting into Church fellowship slaveholders, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> promoting them to +positions of honor and trust, shows that the simple relation of master +and slave was no bar to Church-membership. Masters and slaves, in the +days of the apostles, were admitted into the Church as brethren: they +partook in common of the benefits of the Church: they held to the same +religious principles: they squared their lives by the same rule of +conduct: acknowledged the same obligations one to another; and +worshipped at the same altar. This was true of the first and succeeding +centuries, when the relations of master and slave, and the practice of +the Church in reference thereto, were very much like they are in the +Southern States of our Union at present. But to the proof that +slaveholders were admitted into the apostolic Churches:</p> + +<p>1. Historians all agree that slavery existed, and was general throughout +the Roman empire, at the time the apostolic Churches were instituted. We +have at our command the authorities to prove this, but to quote from +them would swell this discourse beyond what we have intended. We will +cite the authorities only; and anti-slavery men who deny our position +can examine our authorities. See Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman +Empire," vol. i. See "Inquiry into Roman Slavery, by Wm. Blair," +Edinburgh edition of 1833. See vol. iv. of "Lardner's Works," page 213. +See vol. i. of "Dr. Robertson's Works," London edition. Other +authorities might be given, but these are sufficient, as they show that +slavery was a civil institution of the State; that the Roman laws +regarded slaves as <i>property</i>, at the disposal of their masters; that +these slaves, whether white or colored, had no civil existence or +rights, and contended for none; and that there were <i>three slaves to one +citizen</i>—showing something of a similarity between the Roman empire and +our Southern States! Gibbon says that slavery existed in "every province +and every family," and that they were bought and sold according to their +capacities for usefulness, and the demand for laborers—selling at +hundreds of dollars, and from that down to the price of a beast of +burden! Now, it is notorious that the gospel made considerable progress +among the citizens of the Roman empire; and, as nearly every family +owned slaves, it is certain that slaveholders were converted and +admitted into the Church. It will not do to say that the poor, including +the slaves, were alone converted to God, because the apostles make +frequent allusions to the receiving into the Church of intelligent, +learned, and opulent persons. The learned <span class="smcap">Dr. Mosheim</span>, in his Church +History, vol. i., relating to the <i>first three centuries</i>, settles this +question most effectually. He says:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"The apostles, in their writings, prescribe rules for the +conduct of the rich as well as the poor, for <i>masters</i> as well +as <i>servants</i>—a convincing proof that among the members of the +Church planted by them were to be found persons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> of opulence +and masters of families. St. Paul and St. Peter admonished +Christian women not to study the adorning of themselves with +pearls, with gold and silver, or costly array. 1 Tim. ii. 9: 1 +Peter iii. 3. It is, therefore, plain that there must have been +women possessed of wealth adequate to the purchase of bodily +ornaments of great price. From 1 Tim. vi. 20, and Col. ii. 8, +it is manifest that among the first converts to Christianity +there were men of learning and philosophers; for, if the wise +and the learned had unanimously rejected the Christian +religion, what occasion could there have been for this caution? +1 Cor. i. 26 unquestionably carries with it the plainest +intimation that persons of rank or power were not wholly +wanting in that assembly. Indeed, lists of the names of various +illustrious persons who embraced Christianity, in its weak and +infantile state, are given by Blondel, p. 235 de Episcopis et +Presbyteris: also by Wetstein, in his Preface to Origen's Dia. +Con. Mar., p. 13."</p></div> + +<p>A few reflections, by way of concluding, and we are through with our +discourse, already extended beyond the limits we had prescribed:</p> + +<p><i>First.</i>—There is not a single passage in the New Testament, nor a +single act in the records of the Church, during her early history, for +even centuries, containing any direct, professed, or intended +denunciation of slavery. But the apostles found the institution +existing, under the authority and sanction of law; and, in their labors +among the people, masters and slaves bowed at the same altar, communed +at the some table, and were taken into the Church together; while they +exhorted the one to treat the other as became the gospel, and the other +to obedience and honesty, that their religious professions might not be +evil spoken of!</p> + +<p><i>Secondly.</i>—The early Church not only admitted the existence of +slavery, but in various ways, by her teachings and discipline, expressed +her approbation of it, enforcing the observance of certain Fugitive +Slave Laws which had been enacted by the State. And, in the various acts +of the Church, from the times of the apostles downward through several +centuries, she enacted laws and adopted regulations touching the duties +of masters and slaves, <i>as such</i>. This, in our humble judgment, amounts +to a justification and defence of the institution of slavery.</p> + +<p><i>Thirdly.</i>—Our investigations of this subject have led us regularly, +gradually, certainly, to the conclusion that God intended the relation +of master and slave to exist. Hence, when God opened the way for the +organization of the Church, the apostles and first teachers of +Christianity found slavery <i>incorporated with every department of +society</i>; and, in the adoption of rules for the government of the +members of the Church, they provided for the rights of owners, and the +wants of slaves.</p> + +<p><i>Fourthly.</i>—Slavery, in the age of the apostles, had so penetrated +society, and was so intimately interwoven with it, that a religion +preaching freedom to the slave would have arrayed against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> it the civil +authorities, armed against itself the whole power of the State, and +destroyed the usefulness of its preachers. St. Paul knew this, and did +not assail the institution of slavery, but labored to get both masters +and slaves to heaven, as all ministers should do in our day.</p> + +<p><i>Fifthly.</i>—Slavery having existed ever since the first organization of +the Church, the Scriptures clearly teach that it will exist even to the +end of time. Rev. vi. 12-17 points to "The Day of Judgment," "The Last +Day," "The Great Day," and the condition of the human race at that time, +as well as the classes of persons to be judged, rewarded, and punished! +A portion of this text reads, "And the kings of the earth, and the great +men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and +every BONDMAN, and every <span class="smcap">freeman</span>," etc., will be there; evidently +implying that slavery will exist, and that the relations of master and +slave will be recognized, to the end of time!</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with +Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANISM CONTRASTED *** + +***** This file should be named 28328-h.htm or 28328-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/3/2/28328/ + +Produced by Bryan Ness, Josephine Paolucci and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. 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