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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism,
+Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;
+       In which Certain Demagogues in Tennessee, and Elsewhere,
+       are Shown Up in Their True Colors
+
+Author: William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+Release Date: March 15, 2009 [EBook #28328]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANISM CONTRASTED ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Bryan Ness, Josephine Paolucci and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This
+book was produced from scanned images of public domain
+material from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: REV. W. G. BROWNLOW.]
+
+
+
+
+AMERICANISM CONTRASTED
+
+WITH
+
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy,
+
+IN THE LIGHT OF
+
+REASON, HISTORY, AND SCRIPTURE;
+
+IN WHICH
+
+CERTAIN DEMAGOGUES IN TENNESSEE, AND ELSEWHERE, ARE SHOWN UP IN THEIR
+TRUE COLORS.
+
+BY
+
+WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,
+
+EDITOR OF "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."
+
+        "----Go to your bloody rites again:
+    Preach--perpetuate damnation in your den;
+    Then let your altars, ye blasphemers, peal
+    With thanks to Heaven, that let you loose again,
+    To practice deeds with torturing fire and steel,
+    No eye may search, no tongue may challenge or reveal!"
+
+            THOMAS CAMPBELL.
+
+Nashville, Tenn.:
+PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR.
+1856.
+
+ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by
+WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,
+In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Middle District of
+Tennessee.
+
+
+
+
+Dedication.
+
+
+TO THE YOUNG MEN OF AMERICA.
+
+YOUNG GENTLEMEN:--Almighty God has conferred on you the peculiar honor
+and the eminent responsibility of preserving and perpetuating the
+liberties of this country, both civil and religious. That the American
+people are on the eve of an eventful period, will not be doubted by any
+sane man, who can discern the "signs of the times." Indeed, it is an
+every-day remark, that, as a nation, we are in the midst of a crisis.
+If, however, a crisis ever did exist in the affairs of this Nation,
+since its independence was first achieved, which called upon the NATIVE
+AND LEGAL VOTERS of the country to watch with sleepless vigilance over
+their blood-bought liberties, that crisis must be dated in the year of
+our Lord, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX! The great
+Commonwealth of Humanity, in behalf of the momentous interests of Truth,
+Liberty, and Religion, calls upon the present generation of YOUNG MEN,
+who will have the issues of a coming revolution to meet, to qualify
+themselves for the task.
+
+There never was a time known, since the dark days of the Revolution,
+when the civil and religious liberties of this country were so much
+endangered as at the present time. This danger we are threatened with
+from _Foreign influence_, and the rapid strides of _Romanism_, to which
+we may add _Native treachery_, connived at, as they are, by certain
+leading demagogues of the country, and a powerful and influential
+political party, falsely called _Democrats_, who seek the Foreign and
+Catholic vote, and are willing to obtain it at the expense of Liberty,
+and the sacrifice of the Protestant Religion!
+
+The great criminal of the nineteenth century, the PAPAL HIERARCHY, is
+now on trial before the bar of public opinion, having been arraigned by
+the AMERICAN PARTY. You are called on to decide, YOUNG MEN, as you wield
+the balance of power, whether this Criminal, arraigned for treason
+against God, and hostility to the human race, deserves the execrations
+of all honest and patriotic men, and avenging judgments of a righteous
+God! In order to decide this grave question, YOUNG _Gentlemen of the
+Nineteenth Century_, you are to consider the inevitable tendency of the
+principles of the Church of Rome--the actual results of these tendencies
+as embodied in history--the indictment brought in by the AMERICAN PARTY,
+and the testimony of the witnesses. When you have intelligently
+considered the part the self-styled _Democratic Party_ has acted in this
+infamous drama, you will feel it to be your duty to indict the
+corporation claiming the right to be called the Great Democratic Party,
+as _accessory_ to the treason, crimes, and infamy, of the aforesaid
+Papal Hierarchy!
+
+To you, then, Gentlemen, is this brief work most affectionately
+inscribed by
+
+     THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+For the last twenty-five years, the writer of this work has employed
+much of his time in the reading and study of the controversy between
+Roman Catholics and Protestants. And those who have been subscribers to
+the paper he has edited and published for the LAST SEVENTEEN YEARS, will
+bear him witness that he has kept up a fierce and unceasing fire against
+that dangerous and immoral _Corporation_, claiming the right to be
+called the HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH. This he has done, and still continues
+to do, because he believes firmly that the system of Popery, as taught
+in the standards of the Church of Rome, as enforced by her Bishops and
+Priests, and as believed and practised by the great body of Romanists,
+both in Europe and America, is at war with the true religion taught in
+the Bible, and is injurious to the public and private morals of the
+civilized world; and, if unchecked, will overturn the civil and
+religious liberties of the United States. Such, he believes, is its
+tendency and the design of its leaders.
+
+Popery is deceitful in its character; and the design of this brief work
+is, in part, to drag it forward into the light of the middle of the
+nineteenth century, to strip the flimsy vizor off its face, and to bring
+it, with all its abuses, corruptions, and hypocritical Protestant
+advocates, before the bar of enlightened public opinion, for judgment in
+the case. Roman Catholics misrepresent their own creed, their Church,
+and its corrupt institutions. The most revolting, wicked, and immoral
+features of their _holy and immutable system_, are kept out of sight by
+its corrupt Clergy, and Jesuitical teachers; while, with a purpose to
+_deceive_, a _Protestant sense_ is attached to most of their doctrines
+and peculiarities. By this vile means, they designedly _misrepresent
+themselves_, and impose on the public, by inducing charitable and
+uninformed persons to believe that they are not as profligate as they
+are represented to be. This game has been played with a bold hand in
+_Knoxville_, for the last twelve months, and it is being played in every
+city and town in the South and West, where Romanism is being planted.
+One object, then, of this _epitomized_ work, setting forth the
+boastings, threats, and disclosures of leading Catholic organs and
+Bishops, as to their real principles and designs upon this country,
+suffered to go forth in their more excited moments, or unguarded hours,
+is, to spread before the people, in a cheap form, true Popery, and to
+strip it of its _Protestant garb_, which it has for the time being
+assumed.
+
+An additional reason for bringing out this publication, at this
+particular time, is, to expose a corrupt bargain entered into by the
+leaders of the Catholic Church, and the leaders of a corrupt and
+designing political party, falsely called the Democratic party. One of
+the most alarming "signs of the times" is, that while Protestant
+ministers, of different persuasions, only two brief years ago, could
+preach with power and eloquence against the dogmas and corrupting
+tendencies of _Romanism_, and pass out of the doors of their churches,
+receiving the compliments and extravagant praises of their entire
+congregations, let one of them now dare to hold up this Corporation as a
+dangerous foreign enemy--let him warn his charge against the influence
+of Popery, or but only designate the Catholic Hierarchy as the "man of
+sin" described in the Scriptures, and one half of his congregation are
+grossly insulted: they charge him with meddling in politics; and, by way
+of resentment, they will either not hear him again, or they will starve
+him out, by refusing to contribute to his support!
+
+The hypocritical and profligate portion of the Methodist, Presbyterian,
+Baptist, and Episcopal membership in this country, are not so much
+misled by Popery, as they are influenced by _party politics_, and are in
+love with the _loose moral code_ of Romanism. It lays no restraints on
+their lusts, and gives a loose rein to all their unsanctified passions
+and desires. Backslidden, unconverted, or unprincipled members of
+Protestant Churches, find in Popery a _sympathizing irreligion_, adapted
+to their vicious lives; and hence they fall in with its disgusting
+superstitions and insulting claims. They are, therefore, ensnared with
+the delusions of Popery, of _choice_. In other words, Popery is a
+system of mere human policy; altogether of Foreign origin; Foreign in
+its support; importing Foreign vassals and paupers by multiplied
+thousands; and sending into every State and Territory in this Union, a
+most baneful Foreign and anti-Republican influence. Its old _goutified_,
+immoral, and drunken Pope, his Bishops and Priests, are _politicians_;
+men of the world, earthly, sensual, and devilish, and mere men of
+pleasure. Associated with them for the purpose, in great State and
+National contests, of securing the Catholic vote, are the worst class of
+American politicians, designing demagogues, selfish office-seekers, and
+bad men, calling themselves _Democrats_ and "Old-Line Whigs!" These
+politicians know that Popery, as a system, is in the hands of a Foreign
+despotism, precisely what the Koran is in the hands of the Grand Turk
+and his partisans. But corrupt and ambitious politicians in this
+country, are willing to act the part of traitors to our laws and
+Constitution, for the sake of profitable offices; and they are willing
+to sacrifice the Protestant Religion, on the ancient and profligate
+altar at Rome, if they may but rise to distinction on its ruins!
+
+The great Democratic party of this country, which has degenerated into a
+_Semi-Papal Organization_, for the base purposes of power and plunder,
+now fully partakes of the intolerant spirit of Rome, and is acting it
+out in all the departments of our State and General Governments. What
+Romanism has been to the Old World, this Papal and Anti-American
+organization seeks and promises to be to this country. What is Popery in
+Roman Catholic Europe? It is as intolerant in politics as in religion:
+it taxes and oppresses the subjects and citizens of every country; it
+interdicts nations; dethrones governors, chief magistrates, and kings;
+dissolves civil governments; suspends commerce; annuls civil laws; and,
+to gratify its unsanctified lust of ambition, it has overrun whole
+nations with bloodshed, and thrown them into confusion. So it is with
+this "_Bogus_" Democracy: it wages a war of extermination against the
+freedom of the press, and against the liberty of speech, the rights of
+human conscience, and the liberties of man: hence its indiscriminate
+proscription of all who dare to unite with the AMERICAN PARTY, or openly
+espouse their cause. Popery aims at universal power over the bodies and
+souls of all men; and history proclaims that its weapons have been
+dungeons, racks, chains, fire, and sword! The _bastard_ Democracy of the
+present age has united with the Prelates, Priests, Monks, and Nuns of
+Romanism, and is daily affiliating with hundreds of thousands of the
+very off-scourings of the European Catholic population--stimulating them
+to deeds of violence, and to the shedding of blood! To-day, they sustain
+a _Baker_ in the foul murder of a _Poole_, in New York, because he was a
+member of the so-called Know-Nothing party, which had just routed, in an
+election, this Foreign Locofoco party! To-morrow, we find this same vile
+party, its editors and orators, sustaining a Foreign Catholic Mob in
+Louisville, Ky.; and the members of the same party, in surrounding
+States, exulting over the murder of Protestant Americans! And in the
+next breath, as it were, we find these sons of Belial, falsely called
+_Democrats_, after reaching the power they lusted after in Philadelphia,
+sending up shouts over the lawless deeds of a Foreign Catholic riot,
+which made the ears of every American citizen to tingle!
+
+Under the guidance of an ALL-WISE PROVIDENCE, the Protector of our
+Republic, and of the Protestant Religion, it is in the power of the free
+and independent voters of these United States to cause this enemy's long
+"_arm to be clean dried up, and his right eye to be utterly darkened_,"
+by elevating to the two first offices within the gift of the world,
+MILLARD FILLMORE and ANDREW J. DONELSON!
+
+I am, candid Reader, your fellow-citizen,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+     KNOXVILLE, July, 1856.
+
+
+AMERICANISM CONTRASTED
+
+WITH
+
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.
+
+     The Creed of the American Party--The Platform misrepresented by
+     Mr. Watkins--Official Vote on the adoption of the new
+     Platform--What the Abolitionists and Democrats say of the
+     Platform--Seceders from the Nominating Convention, and their
+     Address.
+
+
+Lord Byron, just as the war of Greece approached, said: "It is not one
+man, nor a million, but the _spirit of liberty_ which must be spread;"
+and, carrying out the same bold idea of liberty, he continues, "It is
+time to act;" or, in the language of the Know Nothing salutation, "It is
+time for work;" for "what signifies _self_, if a single spark of that
+genius of liberty worthy of the past, can be bequeathed unquenchably to
+the future?" In the language of a fair poetess:
+
+              --"Our country is a whole,
+    Of which we all are parts; nor should a citizen
+    Regard his interests as distinct from hers:
+    No hopes or fears should touch his patriot soul,
+    But what affects her honor or her shame."
+
+The civilization--the nationality--the institutions, civil and
+religious--and the mission of the United States, are all eminently
+American. Mental light and personal independence, constitutional union,
+national supremacy, submission to law and rules of order, homogeneous
+population, and instinctive patriotism, are all vital elements of
+American liberty, nationality, and upward and onward progress. Foreign
+immigration, foreign Catholic influence, and sectional factions
+nourished by them--and breeding demagogues in the name of _Democracy_,
+by a prostitution of the elective franchise--have already corrupted our
+nationality, degraded our councils, both State and National, weakened
+the bonds of union, disturbed our country's peace, and awakened
+apprehensions of insecurity and _progressive deterioration_, threatening
+ultimate ruin! To rescue and restore American institutions--to maintain
+American nationality, and to secure American birthrights, is the mission
+and the sole purpose of the AMERICAN PARTY--composed of conservative,
+patriotic, Protestant, Union-loving, native-born citizens of every
+section, and of every Christian denomination--self-sacrificing patriots,
+who prefer their country, and the religion of their fathers, and of the
+Bible, to a factious name, a plundering political organization, and an
+infamous Papal hierarchy!
+
+The paramount and ultimate object of our AMERICAN ORGANIZATION is to
+save and exalt the Union, and to preserve and perpetuate the rights and
+blessings of the Protestant religion. We contend that American
+principles should mould American policy; that American mind should rule
+American destiny; that all sectional parties, such as a party _North_,
+or a party _South_, should be renounced; that all sectional agitations,
+such as are kept up by Abolitionists, Free Soilers, and Black
+Republicans, should be resisted; that Congress should never agitate the
+subject of domestic slavery, in any form or for any purpose, but leave
+it where the Constitution fixes it; that as the destiny of the country
+depends on the mind of the country, intelligence should rule; that the
+ballot-box should be purified, and corrupt Romanism and foreign
+influence checked; that any allegiance "to any foreign prince,
+potentate, or power"--to any power, regal or pontifical, should be
+rebuked as the most fatal canker of the germ of American independence;
+that every citizen should be encouraged to exercise freely his own
+conscience; and that the popular mind should be enlightened, and the
+popular heart rectified, by proper and universal Christian education.
+This is the essence of the American creed; and when methodized into a
+Political Decalogue, it constitutes the _Ten Commandments_ of the
+American party.
+
+In this connection, and at this point, we will give the much-abused
+Platform of the American party, adopted at the session of the National
+Council, February 21, 1856. Examine the Platform, and answer to your
+conscience the question: What true American head can disapprove--what
+pure American heart can revolt? Can men taking their stand on this
+Platform be the enemies of civil and religious liberties? Can either
+civil or religious liberties rest secure on any other grounds? And must
+not those "Bogus" Democrats and Anti-Americans, therefore, who wage war
+against this citadel of American birthrights, act as enemies to the
+Federal Constitution, enemies to the Union, to the mental independence
+of American citizens--enemies to the Protestant religion, and enemies,
+consequently, "to civil and religious liberty?"
+
+     PLATFORM OF THE AMERICAN PARTY.
+
+     1st. An humble acknowledgment to the Supreme Being for his
+     protecting care vouchsafed to our fathers in their successful
+     Revolutionary struggle, and hitherto manifested to us, their
+     descendants, in the preservation of the liberties, the
+     independence, and the union of these States.
+
+     2d. The perpetuation of the Federal Union, as the palladium of
+     our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwark of
+     American Independence.
+
+     3d. _Americans must rule America_, and to this end,
+     _native_-born citizens should be selected for all State,
+     Federal, and municipal offices, or government employment, in
+     preference to all others: nevertheless,
+
+     4th. Persons born of American parents residing temporarily
+     abroad, should be entitled to all the rights of native-born
+     citizens; but,
+
+     5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+     (whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+     allegiance or obligation of any description, to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+     Federal and State constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+     paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.
+
+     6th. The unqualified recognition and maintenance of the
+     reserved rights of the several States, and the cultivation of
+     harmony and fraternal good-will between the citizens of the
+     several States; and to this end, non-interference by Congress
+     with questions appertaining solely to the individual States,
+     and non-intervention by each State with the affairs of any
+     other State.
+
+     7th. The recognition of the right of the native-born and
+     naturalized citizens of the United States, permanently residing
+     in any Territory thereof, to frame their constitution and laws,
+     and to regulate their domestic and social affairs in their own
+     mode, subject only to the provisions of the Federal
+     Constitution, with the privilege of admission into the Union
+     whenever they have the requisite population for one
+     Representative in Congress. _Provided always_, that none but
+     those who are citizens of the United States, under the
+     constitution and laws thereof, and who have a fixed residence
+     in any such Territory, ought to participate in the formation of
+     the constitution, or in the enactment of laws for said
+     Territory or State.
+
+     8th. An enforcement of the principle that no State or Territory
+     ought to admit others than citizens of the United States to the
+     right of suffrage, or of holding political office.
+
+     9th. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued
+     residence of twenty-one years, of all not hereinbefore provided
+     for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and
+     excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from
+     landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested
+     rights of foreigners.
+
+     10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State: no
+     interference with religious faith or worship, and no test-oaths
+     for office.
+
+     11th. Free and thorough investigation into any and all alleged
+     abuses of public functionaries, and a strict economy in public
+     expenditures.
+
+     12th. The maintenance and enforcement of all laws
+     constitutionally enacted, until said laws shall be repealed, or
+     shall be declared null and void by competent judicial
+     authority.
+
+     13th. Opposition to the reckless and unwise policy of the
+     present administration in the general management of our
+     national affairs, and more especially as shown in removing
+     "Americans" (by designation) and conservatives in principle,
+     from office, and placing foreigners and ultraists in their
+     places: as shown in a truckling subserviency to the stronger,
+     and an insolent and cowardly bravado toward the weaker powers:
+     as shown in reöpening sectional agitation, by the repeal of the
+     Missouri Compromise: as shown in granting to unnaturalized
+     foreigners the right of suffrage in Kansas and Nebraska: as
+     shown in its vacillating course on the Kansas and Nebraska
+     question: as shown in the corruptions which pervade some of the
+     departments of the government: as shown in disgracing
+     meritorious naval officers through prejudice or caprice; and as
+     shown in the blundering mismanagement of our foreign relations.
+
+     14th. Therefore, to remedy existing evils, and prevent the
+     disastrous consequences otherwise resulting therefrom, we would
+     build up the "American party" upon the principles hereinbefore
+     stated.
+
+     15th. That each State Council shall have authority to amend
+     their several constitutions, so as to abolish the several
+     degrees, and institute a pledge of honor, instead of other
+     obligations, for fellowship and admission into the party.
+
+     16th. A free and open discussion of all political principles
+     embraced in our platform.
+
+The HON. MR. WATKINS, a renegade from the American ranks, in East
+Tennessee, delivered a speech in Congress on the 6th of May, 1856; which
+speech we find reported in the _Washington Union_--a speech which
+betrays an utter ignorance of the point he undertook to discuss. It is
+due to _his betrayed constituents_ that we should expose his ignorance,
+and the blundering fallacy of his attempts to justify his turning
+_Locofoco Cataline Judas Sag-Nicht_! He says, as reported by his
+political organ-grinder:
+
+     "But, sir, the platform recently adopted by the Philadelphia
+     Convention cannot receive my approbation. I cannot support Mr.
+     Fillmore, or any other distinguished Whig, upon that platform.
+     The only solitary plank in the Philadelphia platform of June,
+     1855, was the twelfth section--that section which denied to
+     Congress the right to interfere with slavery in the
+     Territories, declaring the doctrine of non-intervention, and of
+     popular sovereignty in the Territories. But, sir, that plank in
+     the platform was stricken out by the convention recently held,
+     and the sixth resolution of the platform then adopted
+     substituted in its place. And what does that resolution
+     endorse? Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution
+     of the Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+     of Congress to interfere upon the subject of slavery in the
+     sixth resolution of the Philadelphia platform? Certainly not."
+
+In lieu of the _June_ platform, we have this _February_ platform. The
+June platform contained _no such denial to Congress_, as is here alleged
+by Mr. Watkins, of the right to interfere with slavery in the
+Territories! And it is marvellous, indeed, that a grave Member of
+Congress should undertake to discuss Platforms, which he had either
+never read, or the purport of which, if he had ever read them, he had
+either wholly forgotten, or lacked the sense to comprehend! The twelfth
+section of the June Platform says:
+
+     "And expressly _pretermitting any expression of opinion_ upon
+     the power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+     Territory, it is the sense of this National Council, that
+     Congress OUGHT NOT to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+     within the Territories of the United States."
+
+Thus, instead of _denying_ to Congress the right to interfere with
+slavery in the Territories, as erroneously and recklessly charged by
+this new-born Democrat, all opinion on that subject was "_expressly
+pretermitted_" in the June Platform! Mr. Watkins was in such a hurry to
+join the Forney, Pierce, and Catholic Democracy, that he did not stop to
+examine even the Platform which most disgusted him! But this is not the
+worst blunder which he committed in that speech. He turned to the new
+Platform, and asked, with an air of triumph:
+
+     "Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution of the
+     (new) Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+     of Congress to interfere with the subject of slavery in the
+     sixth resolution of the (new) Philadelphia platform?"
+
+And he answers, "_Certainly not!_" The ignorant man, it would seem, only
+read as far as to the sixth section of the new Platform; and even _that_
+section contains a direct affirmative answer to his question; which, in
+order to place the American party in a false position, he answers,
+"_Certainly not!_"
+
+Now, we ask such as may have noticed his _misrepresentations_, to read a
+_little further on_, at least to the end of the 7th section of this new
+Platform, and see where it leaves Mr. Watkins! Turn back to the 7th
+section, and it will be seen that this section, instead of
+"_pretermitting any opinion_" on the question, announces the doctrine
+that the citizens of the United States permanently residing in the
+Territories, have a "_right_" to frame their Constitution and laws, and
+to regulate their domestic affairs in their own mode, subject only to
+the provisions of the Federal Constitution!
+
+The _New York Evening Post_, a Pierce and foreign Democratic organ, thus
+alludes to the action of the Convention which nominated FILLMORE and
+DONELSON:--
+
+     "The 12th section of the June Platform, it is true, had been
+     abrogated; BUT IT HAD BEEN REPLACED BY ANOTHER, MEANING
+     PRECISELY THE SAME THING!"
+
+The _Cincinnati Gazette_, an Abolition, Anti-American Foreign sheet,
+came out in opposition to the American nominees, in its issue of Feb.
+29th, 1856, on account of the _Pro-slavery_ character of the new
+Platform. The Gazette says:--
+
+     "We are glad that the action of the Convention _proved so
+     decided as to leave no doubt as to the character of the
+     Platform_. THE LATTER IS CLEARLY AND DECIDEDLY PRO-SLAVERY AND
+     NEBRASKA, _and in this respect corresponds precisely with the_
+     PRINCIPLES OF THE PIERCE DEMOCRACY! _Fillmore and Donelson_ are
+     therefore presented to the American people as candidates for
+     the Presidency and Vice Presidency, ON A THOROUGH AND DECIDED
+     NEBRASKA PRO-SLAVERY PLATFORM, and the citizens of Northern
+     States are asked to vote for them!"
+
+The _New York Tribune_, whose editor was a prominent member of the
+Pittsburgh Black Republican Convention, and who is violent in his
+opposition to FILLMORE and DONELSON, says:
+
+     "The object of the Know Nothings has dwindled down to this--TO
+     DEFEAT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY! That is to say, this is the object
+     of those who have managed the Philadelphia Convention, and
+     nominated Mr. Fillmore. I have diligently inquired for a member
+     who voted for _Banks_ for Speaker, and now supports _Fillmore_;
+     but up to this time--more than three days after the
+     nomination--I have not heard of one. That sort must be scarce!"
+
+The following is the OFFICIAL vote on the adoption of the new Platform
+by the National Council, which met four days previous to the Nominating
+Convention:
+
+     NEW HAMPSHIRE--_Nays_--Messrs. Colby and Emery.
+
+     MASSACHUSETTS--_Yeas_--Messrs. Ely, Weith, Brewster, Robinson,
+     and Arnold. _Nays_--Messrs. Richmond, Wheelwright, Temple,
+     Thurston, Sumner, Allen, Sawin, and Hawkes.
+
+     CONNECTICUT--_Nays_--Messrs. Sperry, Dunbar, Peck, Booth,
+     Holley, and Perkins.
+
+     RHODE ISLAND--_Yeas_--Messrs. Chase and Knight. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Simons and Nightingale.
+
+     NEW YORK--_Yeas_--Messrs. Walker, Oakley, Morgan, Woodward,
+     Reynolds, Chester, Owens, Sanders, Whiston, Nichols, Van Dusen,
+     Westbrook, Parsons, Picket, Campbell, Lowell, Sammons, Oakes,
+     Seymour, Squire, Cooper, Burr, Bennett, Marvine, Midler,
+     Stephens, Johnson, Wetmore, Hammond, and S. Seymour. _Nay_--Mr.
+     Barker.
+
+     DELAWARE--_Yeas_--Messrs. Clement and Smithers.
+
+     MARYLAND--_Yeas_--Messrs. Codet, Alexander, Winchester,
+     Stephens, and Wilmot. _Nays_--Messrs. Purnell, Ricaud, Pinkney,
+     and Kramer.
+
+     VIRGINIA--_Nays_--Messrs. Bolling, McHugh, Cochran, Boteler,
+     Preston, and Maupin.
+
+     FLORIDA--_Yea_--Mr. Call.
+
+     NEW JERSEY--_Yeas_--Messrs. Deshler, Weeks, Lyon, and
+     McClellan.
+
+     PENNSYLVANIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Freeman, Nelclede, Gossler,
+     Smith, Gillinham, Hammond, Wood, Gilford, Pyle, Farrand, and
+     Williamson. _Nays_--Messrs. Johnson, Sewell, Jones, Parker,
+     Heistand, Kase, Kinkaid, Coffee, Carlisle, Crovode, Edie,
+     Sewell, and Power.
+
+     LOUISIANA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Lathrop and Elam. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Harman and Hardy.
+
+     CALIFORNIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Wood and Stanley.
+
+     ARKANSAS--_Yea_--Mr. Logan. _Nay_--Mr. Fowler.
+
+     TENNESSEE--_Yeas_--Messrs. Brownlow, Bankhead, Zollicoffer,
+     Burton, Campbell, Donelson, Harris, Bilbo, and Beloat.
+     _Nays_--Messrs. Nelson, Reedy, and Picket.
+
+     KENTUCKY--_Yeas_--Messrs. Stowers, Campbell, Raphael, Todd,
+     Clay, Goodloe, and Bartlett. _Nays_--Messrs. Shanklin, Jones,
+     Carpenter, Gist, and Underwood.
+
+     OHIO--_Yeas_--Messrs. White, Nash, Simpson, and Lippett.
+     _Nays_--Messrs. Gabriel, Olds, Ford, Barker, Potter, Stanbaugh,
+     Rodgers, Spooner, Hodges, Kyle, Lees, Swigart, Allison,
+     Fishback, Thomas, Corwine, Chapman, Ayres, and Johnson.
+
+     INDIANA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Sheets and Phelps. _Nay_--Mr.
+     Meredith.
+
+     MISSOURI--_Yeas_--Messrs. Edward, Fletcher, and Hockaday.
+     _Nay_--Mr. Breckenridge.
+
+     MICHIGAN--_Yea_--Mr. Wood.
+
+     WISCONSIN--_Yeas_--Messrs. Lockwood, Cook, Chandler, and
+     Gillies.
+
+     DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Ellis and Evans.
+
+     ILLINOIS--_Yeas_--Messrs. Danenhower and Allen. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Jennings and Gear.
+
+     IOWA--_Nays_--Messrs. Webster and Thorrington.
+
+     _Yeas_--108. _Nays_--77.
+
+We will close this chapter by giving the delegates who seceded from the
+Nominating Convention, with the Address published by them on the
+occasion. That recession was a more inconsiderable affair than has been
+represented by the foreign party of this country. The author of this
+work was the Chairman of the large Committee on Credentials, and
+reported TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVEN delegates, which report was
+received without opposition, as to numbers. Of these, _forty-two_ only
+seceded, viz.: 13 out of 28 from Ohio; _one_ of two from New Hampshire;
+6--all--from Connecticut; 2 out of 13 from Massachusetts; _one_ out of 3
+from Illinois; 7 out of 27 from Pennsylvania; _one_ out of 4 from Rhode
+Island; 5--all--from Michigan; 5--all--from Wisconsin; _one_--all--from
+Iowa; 42 out of 277--not a _sixth_, and but little over a _seventh_ of
+the whole!
+
+
+ADDRESS.
+
+The seceders or "bolters" made the following address, to which they
+appended their States and names. What they say of the _Louisiana_
+delegates, we have explained in another portion of this work:
+
+     "The undersigned, delegates to the nominating Convention now in
+     session at Philadelphia, find themselves compelled to dissent
+     from the principles avowed by that body; and holding opinions,
+     as they do, that the restoration of the Missouri Compromise, as
+     demanded by a majority of the whole people, is a redress of an
+     undeniable wrong, and the execution of it, in spirit at least,
+     indispensable to the repose of the country, they have regarded
+     the refusal of that Convention to recognize the well-defined
+     opinion of the country, and of the Americans of the free
+     States, upon this question, as a denial of their rights and a
+     rebuke to their sentiments; and they hold that the admission
+     into the National Council and nominating Convention, of
+     delegates from Louisiana, representing a Roman Catholic
+     Constituency, absolved every true American from all obligations
+     to sustain the action of either of the said bodies.
+
+     "They have therefore withdrawn from the nominating Convention,
+     refusing to participate in the proposed nomination, and now
+     address themselves to the Americans of the country, and
+     especially of the States they represent, to justify and approve
+     of their action; and to the end that a nomination conforming to
+     the overruling sentiment of the country in the great issue may
+     be regularly and auspiciously made, the undersigned propose to
+     the Americans in all the States to assemble in their several
+     State organizations, and elect delegates to a Convention to
+     meet in the city of New York, on Thursday, the 12th day of June
+     next, for the purpose of nominating candidates for President
+     and Vice President of the United States."
+
+     OHIO--Thos. H. Ford, J. H. Baker, B. S. Kyle, W. H. C.
+     Mitchell, E. T. Sturtevant, O. T. Fishback, Jacob Ebbert, Wm.
+     B. Allison, H. C. Hodges, L. H. Olds, W. B. Chapman, Thos.
+     McYees, Charles Nichols.
+
+     NEW HAMPSHIRE--Anthony Colby.
+
+     CONNECTICUT--Lucius G. Peck, Jas. E. Dunham, Hezekiah Griswold,
+     Austin Baldwin, Edmund Perkins, David Booth.
+
+     MASSACHUSETTS--Wild. S. Thurston, Z. R. Pangborn.
+
+     ILLINOIS--Henry S. Jennings.
+
+     PENNSYLVANIA--Wm. F. Johnston, S. C. Kase, R. M. Riddle, T. J.
+     Coffey, John Williamson, J. Harrison, S. Ewell.
+
+     RHODE ISLAND--E. J. Nightingale.
+
+     MICHIGAN--S. T. Lyon, W. Fuller, W. S. Wood, P. P. Meddler, J.
+     Hamilton.
+
+     WISCONSIN--D. A. Gillis, John Lockwood, Robt. Chandler, G.
+     Burdick, C. W. Cook.
+
+     IOWA--L. H. Webster.
+
+
+THE ELECTION OF BANKS--THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
+
+One of the issues in the Presidential contest now going on, is the
+_slavery question_. A. O. P. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, of the Washington
+Union, who canvassed this State in opposition to Scott, and shed his
+_crocodile_ tears before every crowd he addressed, because so good a man
+as Fillmore, who had stood firm for the _rights of the South_, had been
+set aside by an ungrateful Convention at Baltimore, to give place to
+Scott, the favorite of _Seward_--this miserable hypocrite, we say, now
+comes out and says, "Fillmore's abolitionism will suit the North."
+
+The Central Democratic Committee for East Tennessee, in a call for a
+District Convention at Clinton, in May last, through the _Knoxville
+Standard_, conclude said call in this language:
+
+     "The time has again arrived when the national Democracy must
+     rally to their country's call and preserve the Constitution as
+     it is in its purity, and perpetuate the union of the States
+     from the rain which the _Black Republican Party of the North_,
+     aided by THEIR KNOW-NOTHING ALLIES OF THE SOUTH, would bring
+     upon them. By order of the
+
+     "CENTRAL COMMITTEE."
+
+The _Sag-Nicht Convention_ held at Somerville, on Thursday the 8th of
+May, and which selected D. M. Currin as their Electoral candidate,
+adopted the following resolution:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That we have been appointed by the Democracy of
+     this Electoral District to organize to fight, in the coming
+     Presidential election, the BLACK REPUBLICANS AND KNOW-NOTHINGS.
+     _Resolved_, That we _can_ beat them, and we _will_ do it.
+     _Resolved_, That we will cordially receive the _co-operation of
+     all Old-Line Whigs_ who will assist us in carrying out these
+     resolutions."
+
+Now, the charge is here made that the Know-Nothings of the South are the
+allies of the Black Republicans of the North. This is the impression
+intended to be made, first by these _concealed calumniators_ at
+Knoxville, and afterwards by the _open and avowed slanderers_ of the
+same party at Somerville! With such _wholesale lying_ as is displayed in
+both of these cases, we have but little patience: we only give their
+language, to show their recklessness in making such an issue. And
+although this Foreign party claim to be the guardians of Southern
+interests, we propose to show, before we conclude this chapter, that
+they are themselves the "allies of the Black Republicans of the North,"
+and are giving them more "aid and comfort" than all the other parties in
+the country!
+
+FRANCIS P. BLAIR, former editor of Gen. Jackson's organ at Washington,
+was the President of the Black Republican Convention at Pittsburg, in
+February last! _John M. Niles_; Democratic Senator in Congress, was
+President of the Black Republican Convention held in Connecticut! In the
+Pittsburg Convention, over which Blair presided, PRESTON KING, ABIJAH
+MANN, DAVID WILMOT, and JACOB BRINKERHOFF, Old-Line Democrats, figured
+conspicuously.
+
+For two long and cold winter months, the Democrats, both North and
+South, voted for _Richardson_, of Illinois, for Speaker, a violent
+_anti-slavery man_, whose speeches _against_ slavery, and in _favor_ of
+Abolitionism, were matters of record in the Congressional Globe, and
+were delivered on the floor of Congress so late as 1850! The _immortal_
+75 Democrats did not cease to vote for this man _Richardson_, until GEN.
+ZOLLICOFFER, of Tennessee, read his speeches upon him, in the presence
+of his friends!
+
+On the 2d of February, SAMUEL A. SMITH, of Tennessee, a Democratic
+Representative in Congress, _renewed_ his motion to adopt the PLURALITY
+RULE. His proposition, which it was evident would elect _Banks_, was
+carried by Black Republican votes, who went for it in a body. This would
+still not have elected _Banks_, but for the fact that the following
+_Democrats_ voted for the odious plurality rule: _Clingman_, _Herbert_,
+_Hickman_, _Jewett_, _Kelley_, _Barclay_, _Bayard_, _Wells_, _Williams_,
+and SAMUEL A. SMITH! Mr. Clarke was the only American who voted for the
+odious rule!
+
+MR. CARLILE, a national American, of Virginia, before the vote was taken
+upon this plurality rule, offered the following substitute for it:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the HON. WM. AIKEN, a Representative from the
+     State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby declared Speaker
+     of the Thirty-Fourth Congress."
+
+GOV. AIKEN is a sound Southern Democrat--never was any thing else--but
+COL. SMITH _objected_, and demanded the _previous question_, which cut
+off MR. CARLILE'S resolution, and which was to prevent its adoption! The
+candidate of the Democratic party, at that time, MR. ORR, immediately
+_withdrew in favor of_ GOV. AIKEN, upon the introduction of MR.
+CARLILE'S resolution; and to _prevent Aiken's election_, SAMUEL A. SMITH
+cut off said resolution by a call of the previous question!
+
+Banks was elected by _one_ vote, and this could not be accomplished
+until SEVEN DEMOCRATS got _behind the bar_, and refused to vote at all!
+These were HICKMAN, PARKER, and BARCLAY, of Pennsylvania; CRAIG, of
+North Carolina; TAYLOR, of Louisiana; RICHARDSON, of Illinois; and
+SEWARD, of Georgia! Any _two_ of these _Southern_ Democrats could have
+made AIKEN Speaker, but they did not want him--they knew Banks to be a
+_Democrat_, if he were a Black Republican--and to elect him, they
+believed would give them the strength of that odious party in the coming
+contest.
+
+We have before us the _Washington Union_ of Sept. 27th, 1853, giving,
+editorially, a glowing account of the Massachusetts Democratic State
+Convention, reporting the speech of Nathaniel P. Banks, of Waltham,
+concluding that report in these words:
+
+     "Mr. Banks emphatically and decidedly, on his own part, and on
+     that of the _Democrats of Massachusetts_, disclaimed the truth
+     of the rumors in certain newspapers that an arrangement had
+     been entered into with another political party in the
+     Commonwealth concerning the distribution of State offices. It
+     was his and this Convention's and all true Democrats' desire,
+     belief, and determination, that Henry W. Bishop should be
+     elected governor of Massachusetts, and that the other
+     Democratic State officers should also be elected. He was not
+     afraid of defeat, and less afraid of _Whig success_, which, to
+     judge by its recent effects, was simply equivalent to a defeat.
+     [Applause.]"
+
+It may be said, and doubtless will be, that _Banks_ has allied himself
+with the Republicans. But Banks says he has _always been a Democrat_,
+and that he was _nominated as a Democrat in his district_. And certain
+it is, that he was elected Speaker by DEMOCRATS, under the _compulsion_
+of an odious plurality rule, and the _gag_ of the previous question!
+
+It will be said, and said truthfully too, that SIX AMERICANS FROM THE
+NORTH voted for MR. FULLER, of Pennsylvania. So they did; and in doing
+so, they voted for a sound national and conservative man. But did this
+justify _Southern_ Democrats in _dodging_ the question, and thereby
+electing a Black Republican Speaker? Gov. Aiken was the candidate of the
+_seven_ Democrats--he was not the candidate of the _six_ Americans!
+Democracy, moreover, had refused to vote for an American under any
+circumstances, and had, on the first day of the meeting of Congress,
+passed a resolution insulting the whole American party, in caucus! We
+would have seen them banished to the farthest verge of astronomical
+imagination, before we would have voted for any man that favored that
+insulting resolution!
+
+In 1847, by a _unanimous vote_, both branches of the Legislature of New
+Hampshire adopted resolutions denunciatory of the institution of
+slavery, and approving of the Wilmot Proviso. These resolutions were
+reported to the House, by the Representative from Hillsboro, the native
+town of _Gen. Pierce_, and were in the _handwriting_ of Pierce!
+
+On the 2d of October, 1847, the Democratic Soft-Shells, who are now the
+supporters of Pierce's administration, and fill the offices he has to
+dispose of in New York, held a State Convention, and declared their
+"_uncompromising hostility to slavery_" in a string of resolutions they
+adopted and ordered to be published.
+
+On the 16th of February, 1848, a Democratic State Convention for New
+York convened at Utica, to appoint Delegates to the National Convention
+to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, at which a
+string of anti-Southern resolutions were adopted, denouncing "_slavery_
+or _involuntary servitude_," as repugnant to the genius of
+Republicanism.
+
+On the 18th of July, 1848, the Democratic Soft-Shells held a
+mass-meeting in the park of New York, and, by way of making perfect
+their organization against General Cass, declared, by resolutions, their
+"_uncompromising hostility to slavery or involuntary servitude!_"
+
+On the 13th of September, 1848, a Democratic mass-meeting convened at
+Buffalo, in New York, and, in a general Abolition jubilee, adopted
+resolutions condemning and denouncing the institution of slavery!
+
+In 1852, while the contest was going on between Pierce and Scott, the
+_Washington Union_ said, editorially:
+
+     "THE FREE-SOIL DEMOCRATIC LEADERS OF THE NORTH, ARE A REGULAR
+     PORTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY; AND GENERAL PIERCE, IF
+     ELECTED, WILL MAKE NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM AND THE REST OF
+     THE DEMOCRACY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL PATRONAGE, AND IN
+     THE SELECTION OF AGENTS FOR ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT!"
+
+The Black Republicans recently held a meeting in New York, at which
+_Benjamin F. Butler_, of "pious memory," and Van Buren Swartwout
+notoriety, presided! On his right hand sat, as Vice President of the
+meeting, _Moses H. Grinnell_, one of the Democratic "pipe-layers" of
+1840, whom this Van Buren Attorney-General Butler made efforts to send
+to the State prison! Another Vice President, gravely looking on, and
+arranged in dignified grandeur upon the stand, was John W. Edmonds,
+ex-"blanket contractor" in a large swindle, and a practical
+spiritual-rapper! A third and last Vice President was the notorious _Dr.
+Townsend_, the sarsaparilla man, who has not yet wound up his
+controversy with a man of the same name, as to who is the greatest
+rascal in the way of manufacturing this medicine!
+
+Among the other officers, secretaries, and prominent men in the meeting,
+was _C. A. Dana_, of the Tribune office, a _Fourierist_, who, at a
+public meeting on a former occasion, toasted "Horace Greeley, Charles
+Fourier, and Jesus Christ!" Prominent in the meeting was _C. A.
+Stetson_, of the Astor House, an _Amalgamationist_. Henry J. Raymond,
+the Abolition editor of the Times, and _Rudolph Garrigue_, a noisy
+German Abolitionist, looked and acted as though they believed the
+salvation of the Union depended upon the success of the Republicans! A
+fellow who made frequent motions, an Irishman by the name of _McMorrow_,
+had served an apprenticeship of twelve months in the State prison, for
+breaking open a store after night! The principal speaker, who spoke for
+two hours on the subject of slavery, was the notorious _Bingham_, an
+itinerant Abolitionist from Ohio. It was a queer medley of men, parties,
+principles, and characters--two-thirds of all the active partisans in
+the meeting having held offices in the ranks of Democracy! And still,
+that party boasts of its Northern wing being sound upon the slavery
+question.
+
+And here is the resolution of the 8th of January _Democratic_ Convention
+in Ohio, appointing delegates to the Cincinnati Pow-wow:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the people of Ohio now, as they have always
+     done, look upon slavery as an evil, and unfavorable to the
+     development of the spirit and practical benefits of free
+     institutions; and that, entertaining these sentiments, they
+     will at all times feel it to be their duty to use all power
+     clearly given by the terms of the national compact, to prevent
+     its increase, to mitigate, _and finally eradicate the evil_."
+
+To show, just here, where Tennessee Democrats stand upon the infamous
+Wilmot Proviso question, we give the following extract from a recent
+number of the _Nashville Patriot_:
+
+     JAMES K. POLK,
+
+     who, in 1847, approved the Oregon bill, which contained this
+     odious and unconstitutional clause: next in order is
+
+     CAVE JOHNSON,
+
+     now President of the Bank of Tennessee, who voted for the same
+     bill which Mr. Polk sanctioned: next we have
+
+     AARON V. BROWN,
+
+     an aspirant before the Cincinnati Convention, who did likewise:
+     then comes
+
+     JULIUS W. BLACKWELL,
+
+     a star whose light has been quenched in obscurity, but who
+     voted with his colleagues for the Oregon bill in '47: next in
+     the procession of Southern men "dangerous to the South" is
+
+     BARCLAY MARTIN,
+
+     President Pierce's U. S. Mail Agent, who cast a similar vote:
+     following him we have
+
+     LUCIEN B. CHASE,
+
+     author of the History of the Polk Administration, at present a
+     resident of New York city, but at the time he exhibited himself
+     as "a dangerous man to the South," a representative in Congress
+     from this State: he is succeeded by
+
+     FRED. P. STANTON,
+
+     for ten years a Democratic Congressman from the Memphis
+     district: he voted for the Oregon bill, with the Wilmot
+     Proviso annexed: behind him in the march is
+
+     ALVAN CULLOM,
+
+     a Democratic Congressman, who has squatted on the _other_ side
+     of one of his native mountains in the fourth district, and been
+     quiescent for some years: he was one of the Tennessee
+     "dangerous men:" he voted twice for the Wilmot Proviso: in the
+     same category is
+
+     GEORGE W. JONES,
+
+     in the language of another, the "goose which cackles at the
+     door of the Treasury vault:" notorious as a Southern supporter
+     of the Squatter Sovereignty doctrine, with two votes on record
+     in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. He may be reckoned as _very_
+     "dangerous to the South:" last, but not least in this dread
+     array of "dangerous men," is
+
+     ANDREW JOHNSON,
+
+     the present Governor of Tennessee, and Cincinnati aspirant: he
+     voted _three_ times for the Wilmot Proviso, and so doubtful are
+     his doctrines on the slavery question, that many slaveholding
+     members of his own party regard him as _extremely_ "dangerous
+     to the South."
+
+By the way, in 1842, this same _Gov. Johnson_ was a Senator in our State
+Legislature, and introduced the following _Abolition_ resolutions,
+commonly called his _White Basis System_:
+
+     "_Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee_,
+     That the basis to be observed in laying the State off into
+     Congressional districts shall be the voting population, WITHOUT
+     ANY REGARD TO THREE-FIFTHS OF THE NEGRO POPULATION.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the 120,083 qualified voters shall be divided
+     by eleven, and that each eleventh of the 120,083 of qualified
+     voters shall be entitled to elect one member in the Congress of
+     the United States, or so near as may be practicable without a
+     division of counties."
+
+The position of Gov. Johnson is this: he wishes the State entitled to
+her slave representation _as a State_, but _in her own borders_ the
+representative districts are to be made according to her white
+population! In other words, he desires the State to retain her _ten_
+Congressmen, representing both her white and slave population, but
+wishes them appointed throughout the State without regard to the slave
+population: so that the county containing ten thousand white
+inhabitants, and double that number of slaves, should be entitled to no
+more representation than the county containing _ten_ thousand white
+inhabitants and no slaves!
+
+We heard Johnson last summer, in his debate with Gentry, in Campbell
+county, contend that the county of Campbell should have the same
+representation in Congress as the county of Shelby, which he stated had
+FIFTEEN THOUSAND NEGROES! He appealed to the prejudices and passions of
+the poor--inquired of the hard working-men of that county how they liked
+to see their wives and daughters _offset_, in enumerating the strength
+of the county, by the "_greasy negro wenches of Shelby, Davidson,
+Fayette, Sumner and Rutherford counties_." He made a real, stirring
+abolition appeal to the poor, and non-slaveholding portion of the crowd,
+which was in the proportion of _ten to one_ of that county, to array
+them against the rich, and especially against the owners of large
+numbers of slaves. He told them that these Negro wenches belonged to the
+lordly slaveholders of Middle and West Tennessee, and that as our
+Constitution now is, these wenches were placed on an _equality_ with the
+fair daughters and virtuous wives of laboring men. On this ground he
+advocated his infamous amendment to the Constitution, which would
+incorporate his "White Basis" scheme!
+
+This is a rank Abolition measure, and fraught with more danger to the
+South than any thing proposed by the whole brood of Abolitionists, Free
+Soilers, and Black Republicans at the North. Already the South is weak
+enough, and not at all able to vote with the North in our National
+Legislature. The effect of this scheme is to deprive the South of
+one-third of her strength in Congress. Not only is this the effect, but
+it is the design of the mover. We hold that Johnson is a Free Soiler,
+and has been for years. It is stated by his Northern Democratic friends,
+that when he quit Congress, he came home to run for Governor--with a
+determination, if defeated, to remove to some of the Northwestern
+States, and take a new start! Had he been defeated by Maj. Henry in
+1853, he would now be a Black Republican in one of the Free States,
+running for office! And yet the propagator of this infamous Abolition
+doctrine of a "White Basis" representation--this demagogue who arrays
+the poor against slaveholders, is the man for the ultra guardians of the
+slave interests of the South! A man who would not own negroes when he
+could, but loaned his money out at interest, and left his wife and
+daughters to do their own work--a man who is at heart and in his
+doctrines a rank Free Soiler--a man who has only remained in the South
+to _experiment_ upon office-seeking! This is the man that Georgia,
+Alabama, Virginia, Mississippi, and Carolinas, rejoiced to see elected
+Governor of a Southern slave State!
+
+It was seeing the position of Johnson on this question that induced the
+"_Democratic Herald_" in Ohio, in June, 1855, thus to notice our race
+for Governor:
+
+     "TENNESSEE.--An animated contest is going on in this good old
+     Democratic State for Governor, and the largest crowds flock to
+     hear the candidates that ever attended political meetings since
+     the Hero of New Orleans used to address the masses in person.
+     The present incumbent, Andrew Johnson, is the Democratic
+     candidate, and a _Mr. Gentry_, a _pro-slavery_ renegade from
+     the Federal Whig ranks, is the opposing candidate, brought out
+     by a Know Nothing conclave. This man is on the stump abusing
+     the Catholics, and denouncing them for their tyranny, while he
+     openly advocates the _slavery doctrines of Southern Niggerdom_!
+     On the other hand, his competitor, Gov. Johnson, well and
+     favorably known to our leading Democrats of Ohio, HAS NO
+     SYMPATHIES WITH SLAVERY, and is the advocate of such amendments
+     to the Federal Constitution as will give all power to the
+     people, and EFFECTUALLY PUT DOWN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY!"
+
+Now, this showing up of Democracy, on the Slavery question, may look
+_shabby_ to many ultra Southern men, and it may induce them to charge
+that the Democratic party are _inconsistent_. We defend them against the
+charge of _inconsistency_, and maintain that what would be called
+_inconsistency_ here, is nothing but _Democracy_. For instance, A. O. P.
+Q. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, the editor of the great official organ of
+Democracy at Washington, said, editorially, and "by authority," so late
+as 1855:
+
+     "IT IS NO PART OF THE CREED OF A DEMOCRAT, AS SUCH, TO ADVOCATE
+     OR OPPOSE THE EXTENSION OF SLAVERY. HE MAY DO THE ONE OR THE
+     OTHER, IN THE EXERCISE OF HIS RIGHTS AS A CITIZEN, AND NOT
+     OFFEND AGAINST HIS DEMOCRATIC FEALTY!"
+
+Precisely so! A man may advocate the _abolition_ of slavery where it
+exists; he may, as a Black Republican, arm himself with Sharpe's rifle,
+and go into Kansas, and shoot down pro-slavery men, and still be a
+consistent Democrat, if he vote for the party, and stand by the nominees
+of the party conventions! Hence, all the factions at home and from
+abroad--all religions--all the ends and odds of God's creation are now
+associated together, and are battling in the same unholy cause, in the
+name of _Democracy_!
+
+And further to exhibit the inconsistency of this Democratic and Foreign
+party, it will be recollected that, in 1844, they nominated SILAS
+WRIGHT, of New York, for Vice-President, to run on the ticket with COL.
+POLK--a position he declined, because he would not agree to be _second
+best_ on the ticket. In a letter to JAMES H. TITUS, ESQ., bearing date
+April 15, 1847, MR. WRIGHT says:
+
+     "If the question had been propounded to me at any period of my
+     public life, Shall the arms of the Union be employed to
+     conquer, or the money of the Union be used to purchase
+     Territory now constitutionally free, for the purpose of
+     planting Slavery upon it, I should have answered, No! And this
+     answer to this question is the Wilmot Proviso, as I understand
+     it. _I am surprised that any one should suppose me capable of
+     entertaining any other opinion, or giving any other answer as
+     to such a proposition._"
+
+Now, if SILAS WRIGHT, one of the great "Northern lights" of Democracy,
+held these sentiments in 1847, what must they have been in 1844, when
+that party sought to elevate him to the second office within the gift of
+the nation? But we are just reminded of what is said in "the law and the
+prophets," that is to say, "_It is no part of the creed of a Democrat_,
+AS SUCH, _to advocate or oppose the extension of slavery!_" What a
+party!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig for Sept. 22, 1855.]
+
+TO REV. A. B. LONGSTREET,
+
+PROFESSOR OF METHODISM, ROMANISM, AND LOCOFOCOISM.
+
+
+REVEREND SIR:--I see a _pastoral address_ of yours, to "Methodist
+Know-Nothing Preachers," going the rounds of the Locofoco Foreign Sag
+Nicht papers of the South, occupying from four to six columns, according
+to the dimensions of the papers copying. I have waded through your
+learned address, and find it to be one of more ponderous magnitude than
+the Report made to the British House of Commons, by Lord North, on a
+subject of far greater interest! And as I am one of the class of men you
+address, notwithstanding your great advantage over me in point of age
+and experience; and as no one has made a _formal_ response to your
+_pious warnings_, it will not be deemed insolent in me to take you up.
+
+My first acquaintance with you was in 1847, at an Annual Meeting of the
+Georgia Conference, held in Madison; and although the impressions made
+upon my mind by you, on that occasion, were any thing but favorable to
+you, as a man, still, I am capable, as I believe, of doing you justice.
+I supposed you then to be the rise of sixty years, certainly in your
+_dotage_ and among the _vainest_ old gentlemen I had ever met with. You
+obtained leave, as I understand, by your own seeking, to deliver a
+lecture to the Conference, upon the subject of _correctly reading and
+pronouncing the Scriptures_. I was in attendance, and listened to you
+with all the attention and impartiality I was capable of exercising. I
+thought it a little _presumptuous_ for any one man to assume to teach
+more than one hundred able ministers how to read and pronounce the
+inspired writings; and the more so, when I knew that several of the
+number were presidents and professors in different male and female
+colleges, and that many others of them were graduates of the best
+literary institutions in the South. Still, my apology for you was, that
+you was a vain old gentleman, and that to listen to you, respectfully,
+was to obey the Divine teaching of one who has taught us to "bear the
+infirmities of the weak." Your _samples_, both of reading and
+pronunciation, were amusing and novel to me. And so far as I could
+gather the prevailing sentiment, it was, that to adopt your style would
+render the reading of the Scriptures perfectly ridiculous.
+
+In your address to "Methodist Know-Nothing Preachers," I discover that
+you are still the man you were at Madison, in 1847: you have a great
+deal to say about _yourself_, and make free use of the personal pronoun
+I! _I_ advise--_I_ believe--_I_ am satisfied--_I_ will not agree--_I_
+warn and caution--_I_ fear, or _I_ apprehend, etc. To parse the
+different sentences in your partisan harangue syntactically, little else
+is necessary but to understand the _first person singular_, and to
+repeat the rule as often as it occurs: a peculiarity which characterizes
+every paragraph in your labored address. Beside, the frequent use of the
+pronouns _I_, _me_, _my_, _mine_, etc., too frequently occur to be worth
+estimating. And it will be seen, upon examination, that not merely the
+verbiage, but the sentiment, is thus egotistic throughout, exhibiting a
+degree of arrogance and self-importance, only to be met with in a
+_Clerical Locofoco_, used by bad men for ignoble purposes. To carry out
+the idea of your _vanity_, you say in the winding up of your address:
+
+     "And now, brethren, have _I_ or Mr. Wesley hit upon one good
+     reason why you should not have joined the Know-Nothings? If
+     either of _us_ have, then _I_ beseech you to come from among
+     them. If _we_ have not, there is yet another in reserve which,
+     if it does not prevail will show--or prove to my satisfaction
+     at least--that if _an angel from heaven_ were to denounce your
+     order, you would cleave to it still."
+
+Any other man but yourself would, from considerations of _modesty_, have
+given JOHN WESLEY the preference, in this connection, and come in as
+_second best_. But no, you are _first in place_, and, in your own
+estimation, in _importance_ likewise, as a religious teacher.
+
+I have no doubt you consider yourself a much greater man than John
+Wesley ever was; and in proof of this, I need only cite what you have
+said in reference to Mr. Wesley's opposition to Romanism:
+
+     "Even good old John Wesley caught the spirit of the times, and
+     wrote that letter, from which it appears he thought if the
+     Catholics got into power, they would abuse Protestants. What
+     abuse they could have heaped on them, greater than they heaped
+     on Catholics, short of cutting their throats, I cannot
+     conceive."
+
+The only superior you acknowledge is CARDINAL WISEMAN, a bigoted Roman
+Catholic, and you seem to knock under to him quite reluctantly, and not
+without informing the public that you have been a laborious student for
+forty years, and "_a profound thinker_." Here is your praise:
+
+     "I have been a pretty severe student for near forty years, and
+     a laborious, if not _profound thinker_ for a long time; but
+     when I compare myself in intellectual stature with that man, I
+     shrink in my own estimation to the insignificance of a mite."
+
+So much by way of noticing vanity. You are a literary and theological
+star of the first magnitude! You are an encyclopedia of the learning,
+science, patriotism, and religion of the country! Sir, if you possessed
+a little more _sheep-faced modesty_, and could exhibit a little less of
+_lion-headed impudence_ than you do, you would be a much more useful,
+not to say successful minister of the New Testament!
+
+Sir, you have taken the field in opposition to Know-Nothingism,
+_professedly_ through your deep and abiding concern for Christianity,
+and the interests of Methodism. You say:
+
+     "You cannot surely be so weak as to suppose you can crush
+     Romanism by Know-Nothing agencies; but you have almost ruined
+     Methodism by them already.
+
+     "Now the ruler of this nation is spoken evil of by your party
+     continually, and therefore, in the judgment of Wesley, I might
+     stand up in the pulpit and defend him."
+
+The truth is, you are influenced alone by partisan political feelings;
+and occupying a position in a Mississippi College, in the midst of
+Fire-eating Disunion Progressive Democracy, you desire to please them,
+rather than serve the interests of your country or Church. To take the
+stump, or the pulpit, in defence of _Frank Pierce_ and his corrupt
+administration, would be a pleasant talk to you, who have been, all your
+life-time, an inveterate Locofoco in politics, and "a profound thinker"
+in favor of its iniquitous measures and principles. In your early
+political training, you have been swayed by interest and popular favor,
+and in most cases at the expense of truth, just as you now are, in your
+mad vindication of Romanism. A tool for others to work with, till you
+have found yourself in a condition to use such tools as you yourself
+have been, you are now a trimmer and weathercock, leading on men of less
+sense than yourself, to such distinction as interest and ambition may
+dictate!
+
+Sir, you take the ground, throughout, that there is no danger of
+Catholics in this country, and that they do not seek to establish their
+religion. Here is a specimen of your logic:
+
+     "Thank God no religious sect can tyrannize over another in this
+     country, so long as they all respect the Federal Constitution.
+     Until we see, then, the Catholics treating that instrument with
+     disrespect, it is madness to entertain fears of them and worse
+     than madness to form combinations against them."
+
+Now, sir, the foregoing statement is untrue, and in making it you could
+not have been sincere. You are a man of too much sense, and of too much
+information, to believe what you are wickedly trying to palm upon
+others. Brownson's Quarterly Review, the most able, as well as the most
+authentic organ of Catholicism in the United States, employs the
+following language to the American people--mark it:
+
+     "_Are your free institutions infallible?_ Are they founded on
+     _Divine right_? This you deny. Is not the proper question for
+     you to discuss, then, _not_ whether the Papacy be or be not
+     compatible with republican government, but whether _it be or be
+     not founded in Divine right_? If the Papacy be founded in
+     Divine right, it is supreme over whatever is founded only in
+     human right, and then your institutions should be made to
+     harmonize with it: not it with your institutions!!! The real
+     question, then, is not the compatibility or the incompatibility
+     of the Catholic Church with _democratic institutions_, but, Is
+     the _Catholic Church the Church of God_?
+
+     "Settle this question first. But in point of fact, _democracy
+     is a mischievous dream, wherever the Catholic Church does not
+     predominate_, to inspire the people with reverence, and to
+     teach and accustom them to obedience to authority."
+
+Here is still plainer language from the Roman Catholic Bishop of St.
+Louis:
+
+     "Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian countries, as
+     in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are
+     Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part
+     of the law of the land, they are punished as other crimes."
+
+Here is what the _Boston Pilot_ says, a Catholic paper of high standing:
+
+     "_No good government can exist_ without religion, and there can
+     be no religion without an _inquisition_, which is wisely
+     designed for the promotion and protection of the _true faith_."
+
+Here is the _Shepherd of the Valley_, published under the eye and with
+the approbation of the Bishop of St. Louis:
+
+     "The Church is, of necessity, intolerant. Heresy she endures
+     when and where she _must_; but she hates it, and directs all
+     her energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an
+     immense numerical majority, religious freedom in this country
+     is _at an end_: so say our enemies--_so say we_."
+
+And here is what the _Rambler_ says, a devoted Catholic periodical, high
+in the confidence of the Bishops and Priests of that Church:
+
+     "You ask if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+     in the minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+     do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+     circumstances. If it would benefit the cause of Catholicism, he
+     would tolerate you--if expedient, he would imprison you, banish
+     you, fine you, probably he might even hang you; but, be assured
+     of one thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+     'glorious principles' of civil and religious liberty."
+
+I could give other quotations of this character, which have met your eye
+long since, but I forbear, as they would extend my letter beyond the
+limit I have prescribed for myself. These are the publications which, in
+part at least, have given rise to the Know-Nothing organization, so
+cordially hated by you.
+
+You say there is no danger of injury to our institutions from the rapid
+strides of Romanism. Allow me to ask your attention to the following
+remarkable political prediction by the Duke of Richmond, late
+Governor-General of Canada, and a British noble, who declared himself
+hostile to the United States on all occasions. Speaking of our
+Government, this deadly enemy said:
+
+     "It will be destroyed; it ought not, it will not be permitted
+     to exist." "The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+     wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+     example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+     his throne; and the _sovereigns of Europe are aware of it_; and
+     they have _determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+     understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+     to accomplish it_; and they will eventually succeed by
+     SUBVERSION _rather than conquest_." "All the low and surplus
+     population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+     into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+     and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+     for soldiers, or to supply the navies; _and the governments of
+     Europe will favor such a course_. This will create a surplus
+     and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+     and they will _bring with them their principles_; and in nine
+     cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+     governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion; and will
+     transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+     them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and, by
+     the constitution and laws, will be invested with the right of
+     suffrage." "Hence, _discord_, _dissension_, _anarchy and civil
+     war will ensue_; and some popular individual will assume the
+     government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+     the emigrants, and many of the natives will sustain him." "The
+     Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+     time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+     destruction of that Republic." "I have _conversed with many of
+     the sovereigns and princes of Europe, and they have unanimously
+     expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+     United States, and their determination to subvert it_."
+
+But, sir, after eulogizing Catholics for their devotion to religious
+toleration in this country, you make two assertions, touching the
+Methodist Church, for which I wish to arraign you, and for which the
+authorities of said Church ought to arraign you, under that section of
+our Discipline which forbids _railing out against our Doctrines and
+Discipline_. You say:
+
+     "And if I were to take the stump against you, I would say to
+     the honest yeomanry of the country. 'Good people, if you think
+     your liberties will be _any safer in the hands of Methodists
+     than Catholics, you are vastly mistaken_.'
+
+     "I would add, in humiliation but in candor, 'You have ten
+     thousand times more to fear, just at this time, from
+     Methodists, than Catholics; simply because the first are more
+     numerous than the last, because the first are actually in the
+     field for office, while the last are not.'"
+
+If you have this opinion of the Methodist Church, you cannot be an
+honest man and remain within her jurisdiction. You ought to leave her
+communion forthwith, and go over to Rome; and in doing this, you would
+_not have far to go_! Occupying the position you do, and holding the
+sentiments you do, I would not send a child to any school or college
+over which you might preside. Nor do I think any Protestant parent or
+guardian ought to patronize any school under your care. Your influence,
+whatever you may possess, is against the Protestant faith, and in favor
+of Catholicism. In a word, you are a dangerous man in a Republican
+government.
+
+Upon the subject of religious toleration by the Catholics, you seem to
+have fallen into the same error adopted by the Hon. Mr. Stephens, of
+Georgia--a man for whom you have great regard now, but who, in the days
+of _Clay Whiggery_, was a stench in your Locofoco nostrils! Mr. Stephens
+made the assertion, in a public speech in Augusta, that "the Catholic
+Colony of Maryland, under Lord Baltimore, was the first to _establish_
+the principle of free toleration in religious worship." The Colony of
+Maryland was a Catholic Colony, and the "Toleration Act" was written by
+Lord Baltimore himself. That Act is dated 21st April, 1649, when Lord
+Baltimore was in the zenith of his glory. Here is the language of that
+"Act" of religious toleration:
+
+     "Denying the Holy _Trinity_ is to be punished with _death_, and
+     confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary, (Lord
+     Baltimore himself!). Persons using any reproachful words
+     concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+     Evangelists, to be fined £5, or in default of payment to be
+     publicly whipped and _imprisoned, at the pleasure_ of his
+     Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+     Lieutenant-General." _See Laws of Maryland, at large, by T.
+     Bacon_, A. D. 1765. 16 and 17 _Cecilius's Lord Baltimore_.
+
+God deliver us from such toleration! _Death_ was the penalty for
+expressing certain religious opinions, not acceptable to Lord Baltimore
+and the Holy Catholic Church! Fines and _whipping at the post_ was the
+penalty for speaking against the image-worship of the Catholic Church.
+But I need not pursue this subject further: the _onus propandi_ is on
+your side.
+
+Speaking of Mr. Wesley, you say:
+
+     "If Wesley were alive, what would he think of your midnight
+     plots, and open tirades against Papists? But a letter of his
+     has been going the rounds of the newspapers, which the Know
+     Nothings obviously think gives the sanction of that good man to
+     their movement. Not so. Mr. Wesley was not the man to write as
+     inconsistently as their version of this letter makes him
+     write."
+
+Why, sir, Mr. Wesley goes much further in his political opposition to
+Roman Catholics than the American party have ever proposed to go. The
+American party say only that they will not vote for Catholics, or put
+them in office, because their principles are antagonistic to the spirit
+of Republican institutions. Mr. Wesley lays down the comprehensive, but
+_true doctrine_, in this very letter, that "_no government not Roman
+Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion_." And
+to show how fully and clearly he sustains this position, I quote from
+his letter at length. You will find the letter in Vol. 5, page 817, of
+Wesley's Miscellaneous Works, dated January 12th, 1780. It was
+originally addressed to the Dublin Freeman's Journal. Here is what Mr.
+Wesley says, in the very letter you seek to _deny out of_:
+
+     "I consider not whether the Romish religion is true or false:
+     build nothing on one or the other supposition. Therefore, away
+     with all your common-place declamation about intolerance and
+     persecution for religion! Suppose every word of Pope Pius's
+     creed to be true! Suppose the Council of Trent to have been
+     infallible; yet I insist upon it that no government not Roman
+     Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic
+     persuasion.
+
+     "I prove this by a plain argument--let him answer it that
+     can--that no Roman Catholic does or can give security for his
+     allegiance or peaceable behavior. I prove it thus: It is a
+     Roman Catholic maxim, established not by private men, but by
+     public council, that 'No faith is to be kept with heretics.'
+     This has been openly avowed by the Council of Constance; but it
+     has never been openly disclaimed. Whether private persons avow
+     or disavow it, it is a fixed maxim of the Church of Rome. But
+     as long as it is so, nothing can be more plain than that the
+     members of that Church can give no reasonable security to any
+     government for their allegiance and peaceable behavior.
+     Therefore, they ought not to be tolerated by any government,
+     Protestant, Mohammedan, or Pagan. You say, 'Nay, but they take
+     an oath of allegiance.' True, five hundred oaths; but the
+     maxim, 'No faith is to be kept with heretics,' sweeps them all
+     away as a spider's web. So that still no governors that are not
+     Roman Catholics can have any security of their allegiance.
+
+     "Again, those who acknowledge the spiritual power of the Pope
+     can give no security of their allegiance to any government; but
+     all Roman Catholics acknowledge this: therefore they can give
+     no security for their allegiance. The power of granting pardons
+     for all sins--past, present, and to come--is, and has been for
+     many centuries, one branch of his spiritual power. But those
+     who acknowledge him to have this spiritual power can give no
+     security for their allegiance, since they believe the Pope can
+     pardon rebellion, high treason, and all other sins whatever.
+     The power of dispensing with any promise, oath, or vow, is
+     another branch of the spiritual power of the Pope: all who
+     acknowledge his spiritual power must acknowledge this. But
+     whoever acknowledges the dispensing power of the Pope, can give
+     no security for his allegiance to any government. Oaths and
+     promises are none: they are as light as air--a dispensation
+     makes them null and void. Nay, not only the Pope, but even a
+     priest has power to pardon sins! This is an essential doctrine
+     of the Church of Rome. But they that acknowledge this, cannot
+     possibly give any security for their allegiance to any
+     government. Oaths are no security at all; for the priest can
+     pardon both perjury and high treason. Setting their religion
+     aside, it is plain that, upon principles of reason, no
+     government ought to tolerate men who cannot give any security
+     to that government for their allegiance and peaceful behavior.
+     But this, no Romanist can do; not only while he holds that 'no
+     faith is to be kept with heretics,' but so long as he
+     acknowledges either priestly absolution, or the spiritual power
+     of the Pope.
+
+     "If any one pleases to answer this, and set his name, I shall
+     probably reply. But the productions of anonymous writers I do
+     not promise to take any notice of.
+
+     "I am, sir, your humble servant,
+
+     "JOHN WESLEY.
+
+     "CITY ROAD, January 12, 1780."
+
+But, sir, you know as well as any living man that the history of the
+Church, from the days of the first Pope down to the iniquitous reign of
+Pius IX., sustains Mr. Wesley in his views on this subject, and
+justifies the steps taken by the American party. Notwithstanding the
+oft-repeated profession of Catholic liberality and Romish toleration, so
+triumphantly paraded by you, and other interested aspirants and
+unprincipled demagogues, the Catholic Church has invariably shown
+herself to be destitute of both, whenever she had the opportunity of
+using them. Sir, _intolerance_ is an element of her faith, and
+_persecution_ a specimen of her piety; and no man knows it better than
+you do. In taking upon herself the obligation of "true obedience to the
+Pope," the Catholic Church imposes upon herself a task that proves
+beyond all doubt she cannot, under any circumstances, remain faithful to
+that obligation, and yet maintain "allegiance" to such a government as
+ours!
+
+Sir, I have no patience with a Protestant minister who stands forth as
+the apologist of Catholicism; nor have I any confidence in one who does
+it, provided he is a man of _intelligence_, as I admit you to be. The
+only excuse I can render for your strange and inconsistent conduct is,
+that you are in your dotage; that you are a violent old partisan; and
+that you are the tool of designing demagogues, infamous disunionists,
+and unmitigated repudiators. I shall not be at all surprised to hear
+that you have apostatized from the Methodist Church, and gone over to
+the Roman Catholics. I learn from the Little Rock Gazette, a Democratic
+paper, that but the other day, Gov. E. N. Carway, of Arkansas, a member
+of the Methodist Church, had actually apostatized from Methodism, and
+the Protestant faith, and united with the Roman Catholics. And what
+makes his defection from the faith of his fathers still more notorious,
+his organ is down upon the Protestant clergy in bitter and unrelenting
+denunciations! I believe that _you_ are preparing to go over to the
+Roman Catholics; and to justify your change, when the time comes, you
+now assert, "in humiliation but in candor," you say, that the people
+"have _ten thousand times more_ to fear from Methodists than from
+Catholics." If you believe this, you ought to leave the Methodist Church
+_instantly_, even without the formalities of a withdrawal or
+expulsion--even though you should be denied admittance into the Catholic
+Church! I deny that we have "_ten thousand times more to fear_" from the
+_Devil_ than we have from the Catholics; and according to your argument,
+_the Methodists are worse than the Devil_! This, their most bitter
+revilers and enemies do not believe; and for obvious reasons. The
+Methodist Church has no St. Bartholomew's Day, with its rivers of blood
+staining her garments: she never indiscriminately slaughtered the
+Albigenses, or Waldenses, or Huguenots: she never established an
+infernal Inquisition: she never lit up the fires of Smithfield: never
+burned the Holy Bible, and prohibited, upon pain of eternal death, the
+printing and circulating of God's word; and last, but not least, she has
+not sought to keep the people in ignorance. Wherever Methodism has been
+planted, the people have become great and happy. If you please, wherever
+_Protestantism_ has prevailed, the people have been prosperous and
+happy. But look to Old Spain, Italy, the German Confederacies, Sardinia,
+Naples, Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Bavaria, Baden, South America, and
+Mexico, where Romanism is the established religion, and the places of
+her influence are a hissing and a by-word in the eyes of the civilized
+world! Protestantism has done more for the world in the last hundred
+years than the Roman Catholic Church has for the _eighteen hundred
+years_!
+
+Sir, the Puritans, of New England; the Hollanders, of New York; the
+Quakers, Lutherans, and German Reformed, of Pennsylvania; the Baptists,
+of Rhode Island; the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, of Virginia; the
+Lutherans and followers of Wesley and Whitefield, of Georgia; the
+Huguenots and Episcopalians, of the Carolinas; and the Seceders in
+several of the States, who were the religious pioneers of these States,
+were all Protestants and Know Nothings; and if they were living, they
+would be ashamed of you and your teachings. They selected this
+wilderness country as their home, in order that they might enjoy those
+religious privileges from which they had been debarred in the old world,
+by the very Church and people you are seeking to vindicate.
+
+But you will say, as you have done in substance, that this is no longer
+the characteristic of Romanism. Why is it not? Has she ever changed for
+the better? When did she renounce her doctrines and practices? Never!
+Rome is the same tyrannical system now, where she has the power, that
+she ever has been, and for ever must be. Wo to this land of ours, if
+ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her creed is the same here and now,
+in this respect, that it has everywhere been, and must always be. It is
+her boast that she is always right, and knows no change. She practices
+her unholy inquisitorial and Jesuitical doctrines in this country, as
+far as she can and dare act them out. Her whole system is adverse to our
+republican institutions and she hesitates not to declare it. She has
+publicly burned our Bible in different States in this Union, and
+recently, in New York and Pennsylvania. Archbishop Hughes, the Head of
+the Catholic Church in this country, has taken an oath, administered by
+the Pope of Rome, of which this is a part:
+
+     "Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said Lord (the Pope)
+     or his aforesaid successors, I will, to my utmost power,
+     _persecute and wage war with_."
+
+The Church of Rome declares all who are not its members to be heretics.
+It is painful, in view of all these things, to see an old Protestant
+minister, whose head has been withered by the frosts of seventy
+winters, openly in the field advocating a Church whose Bishops, Priests,
+and members are "drunken with the blood of saints."
+
+There is but one remaining feature of your singular address to Know
+Nothing Methodist Preachers to be replied to, and I am through. You
+assail the new party on the score of its _secrecy_, and of its
+_concealment_ of its acts from the public. Had this objection come from
+any one but a Methodist Preacher, and a known advocate of
+_Class-meetings being held with closed doors_, I would now dispose of it
+without occupying as much space as I shall do in my concluding remarks!
+
+Notwithstanding all the _secrecy_ in the new Order of Know Nothings has
+been set aside by the act of the National Council which created it; and
+notwithstanding our members tell all about their Councils, where and
+when they meet, and our orators read out and publish to the world our
+obligations, rules, and principles, it is still objected that ours is a
+secret Order, liable to be used for bad purposes; that we travel about
+with dark lanterns; that our proceedings are not restrained by the
+wholesome check of public opinion!
+
+Now, this, the great objection to our Order, comes from men who belong
+to Lodges of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, and who have taken all the
+_binding_ oaths attached to the different _degrees_ of these respective
+Orders! The same objection is urged against the American party, by men
+who belong to the Order of Sons of Temperance, who have deemed a _rigid
+secret organization_ necessary to combat successfully a _domestic_ evil!
+It is urged in bitterness against the Order, by demagogues and
+partisans, who have acted for years with the _secret political
+conclaves_ of their respective parties, who have held their meetings
+with _closed doors_--kept their _places_ of meeting a profound
+secret--and when they have adjourned, they have enjoined _secrecy_ upon
+all present! Last, but not least, this _secret feature_ is urged against
+the American organization by the vile apologists for the Catholic
+Church, and its corrupt Priesthood and membership, in this country.
+These demagogues know that the Roman Catholic Church is a _secret
+society_, directed by a talented, designing, and villainous
+HIERARCHY--absolutely controlled by an _anti_-Republican Priesthood, to
+a degree which has never been exercised by any political party in the
+known world! The _Confessional_ is a secret tribunal, before which every
+member of that Church is required to make known, not only _immoral_
+actions, but every thought and purpose of the heart, and upon pain of
+incurring the anathema of the Church, which is equivalent to a sentence
+of eternal damnation! The corrupt order of JESUITS, the infamous society
+of SAN FEDESTI, and the infinitely infernal society of IRISH RIBBON
+MEN--these are all oath-bound societies of the Catholic Church,
+connected directly with the horrid operations of the "_Holy
+Inquisition_."
+
+Now, I put the question to any man of reason and common sense, if Roman
+Catholics and their _patriotic Democratic_ admirers and advocates, in
+this country, are not the last men on earth who should object to the
+_secret_ doings of the order of Know Nothings, even if their secrecy
+were kept up? Every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the
+absolute control of a secret society, by considerations not only of a
+_temporal_, but of an ETERNAL WEIGHT!
+
+But I am not done with these _Democratic_ opposers of SECRECY. The
+Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, sat in
+the old State House in Philadelphia, _with closed doors, from the 25th
+of May to the 17th of September_, wanting only eight days of four
+months. That body of men had a Doorkeeper and Sergeant-at-arms, both
+under oath, to keep their doors barred, and all their proceedings a
+secret. So says Mr. Jefferson's biography! And such men as Washington,
+Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Harrison, Hancock, Hopkins, and
+others, composed that body! During the war of the Revolution, General
+Washington, Generals Lee, Wayne, Marion, and others, organized a _secret
+American Society_, with its branches extending from North to South,
+having their _passwords_, _signs_, and _grips_, and writing to each
+other in figures, and "an unknown tongue," as the Know Nothings have
+been doing, and all, too, with a view to oppose Foreign intrigues and
+oppressions! It is as well known as any political truth, that General
+WASHINGTON, at the time of his death, was the _President_ of the
+Cincinnati Society, a secret political society, in which, we see it
+stated on unquestionable authority, no man was eligible to membership
+unless he was a _native American_. The _Columbian Order_, known as the
+"_Tammany Society_," was a secret political society, and highly
+influential, and maintains its existence to this day, and without danger
+to the liberties of the country. Gen. SAM HOUSTON publishes to the world
+that himself and Gen. JACKSON were members of this Society. What say the
+_anti_-Americans to all these facts? Do they believe that Gen.
+Washington, or Jackson, would have united with any association or order
+not purely American? Would either have entered into any political
+league, when _secrecy_ was enjoined, if he had not approved of the
+principle of secrecy in political associations? Never! From the
+characters of Washington and Jackson--the sacrifices they made for their
+country, united with their fervid patriotism, and their known preference
+for every thing _American_, I do not doubt for one moment, that if they
+were both now living, they would unite with the veritable Order of Know
+Nothings!
+
+I believe the hand of God to be in this very movement, and as much in
+the _secrecy_ of it, in the outset, as in any other feature. I regard
+the movement as one growing out of a great crisis in the affairs of our
+country, and a precursor of a sound, healthful, and vigorous
+nationality, and which will ultimately prevent the liberties of this
+country from being destroyed, by the machinations of such demagogues and
+factionists as now seek to _excuse_ Romanism, and fellowship Foreign
+Pauperism. Secret societies are only dangerous to despots and tyrants,
+and history shows that these above all others have made war upon them.
+They have denounced and proscribed Masonry in every quarter of the
+globe, where they have had the power. The Pope, with the aid of his
+Cardinals, has crushed the ancient order of Free Masons in his
+dominions. There is not a Masonic Lodge in Italy. In our own country,
+not a single Catholic is to be found associated with the order of Free
+Masons; and why? Masonry is founded upon the Bible, and requires the
+reading of the Protestant Bible in all its Lodges, and this don't suit
+Romanism. We state these general and historical facts, without knowing
+any thing of our own knowledge of Masonry.
+
+In the young and growing city of Knoxville, it is within our own
+knowledge, that many of the Irish Catholics attached themselves to the
+Order of the Sons of Temperance, with a view, as they said, of throwing
+around them the wholesome restraints of the Order. On the first visit of
+a priest to the city, commonly called "Father Brown," these Irish
+Catholics began to drop off one by one, until not one of them is now in
+the Order, and most of those who were, are daily seen drunk in our
+streets. Indeed, some of them in withdrawing had the candor to
+acknowledge that the priest required them to do so! And why? Because, in
+all the Divisions of the Sons of Temperance here, we have the Protestant
+Scriptures read, and have Protestant prayers offered up. This don't suit
+the Church of Rome!
+
+     I have the honor to be, very truly and frankly,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE RIGHT REVEREND AARON V. BROWN, M. S.
+
+
+SIR:--I have received by mail a pamphlet copy of your "Letter to the
+Bishops, Elders, and _other_ Ministers, Itinerant and _Local_, of the
+Methodist Episcopal Church South," covering twenty-eight octavo pages. I
+thank you for a copy of your _Pastoral_ address; and I am happy to be
+able to _infer_ from its teachings that you have made a profession of
+religion, before taking upon yourself "Holy Orders." I suppose the
+_time_ of your conversion, you date back to the memorable period when
+you "saw sights" on Mount Pisgah, and had conferred on you the degree of
+_Modern Seer_, and entered upon the duties of "High Priest" of
+Democracy! As I am one of the parties addressed, and the customs of the
+Church and the country require a response to so grave a document, I have
+felt it incumbent upon me to perform the task. I may style this the
+_Last_ epistle of Aaron, the Priest, and illustrious Chief of Foreign
+Catholic Sag Nicht Locofocoism!
+
+My first impulses were, upon reading your address, to call for your
+_credentials_, and to examine into your _authority_ for assuming to
+dictate to the entire Ministry of the Southern portion of the Methodist
+Church. You must either enter the Ecclesiastical ring under the
+_imposition of the hands_ of BISHOP SOULE or _Andy Johnson_. If BISHOP
+SOULE ordained you for the Ministry, and set you apart as the
+Lieutenant-General of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the
+presumption is that he examined you on doctrinal points, and upon all
+questions affecting the government of the Church, as was his duty, and
+is our custom, and that he found you orthodox! It follows, as a matter
+of course, that you renounced your heresy you advocated in the Hartford
+Convention, held at Nashville, and that you obtained forgiveness for
+that and numerous other "sins of omission and commission"--aye, for the
+whole catalogue of your inward and outward iniquities, which so
+_eminently_ disqualified you for the work of the Ministry! But if _Andy
+Johnson_ ordained you for the work, of which there is no sort of doubt,
+the Church South, through me, protests against your authority, and
+utterly refuses to submit to your teachings. Our Church does not agree
+with Johnson on the "White Basis" issue, or the great question of
+slavery; and in proof of this, I cite to the fact of her separation from
+the North, in 1844, upon this very question. She has within her bounds
+of communion, rich men and poor, educated and uneducated, and is
+unwilling to unite with him in arraying the poor against the rich, or
+the unlearned against the learned. Nor does our Church believe that
+Jesus Christ was a Locofoco, as Johnson asserts in his Inaugural, and
+held that Christianity and Democracy, in converging lines, led to the
+foot of Jacob's Ladder, and thence to heaven, _via_ Mount Pisgah, from
+whose lofty summit you first beheld the promised land!
+
+It therefore follows, that, in presenting yourself as a spiritual leader
+in the Church, called to the work, as you have been, by _Andy Johnson_,
+your case is fully met by a quotation from Job:
+
+     "Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present
+     themselves before the Lord, and _Satan_ came also among them."
+
+A second passage, from the Book of Jeremiah, meets your case, and leaves
+no doubt that the inspired Prophet had you in his eye:
+
+     "We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceedingly proud,)
+     his loftiness, and his _arrogance_, and his pride, and his
+     haughtiness of heart.
+
+     "I know his wrath, saith the Lord; but it shall not be so; his
+     _lies_ shall not so effect it."
+
+To be candid with you, Gov. Brown, I regard your address, under all the
+circumstances, as a display of the most brazen-faced assurance and the
+most unmitigated impudence I ever met with in my life! I have known for
+years that you were capable of great presumption, but in this insolent
+and dictatorial address you surpass _yourself_--you positively out-Herod
+Herod! In the whole history of the country, and of parties, I venture
+the assertion, that a parallel piece of impudence, and downright
+bold-faced assurance, cannot be pointed to, as the act of any partisan.
+It is really past all belief, if I had not your production before me.
+But more of this hereafter.
+
+Copies of your pamphlet were distributed through the aisles and seats of
+the Annual Conference room in Nashville, and have been sent all over the
+South, to members of other Conferences. Your _proof-sheet_ was seen ten
+days before the meeting of the Middle Tennessee Conference, and your
+"work of faith and labor of love" was ready for distribution when the
+Conference first convened, but you held it back till the Conference was
+ready to adjourn, and to a period so late, that a reply, if one had been
+deemed necessary, could not be made. This was _cowardly_, and in keeping
+with your political tactics and code of morals. In saying that this was
+in keeping with your code of morals, I allude to the _Woodberry
+affair_.
+
+I shall now take up your address, Governor, and wade through its
+twenty-eight pages of double-distilled Sag Nichtism, sublimated
+impudence, and concealed advocacy of _Romanism_, mixed up with
+contradictions, false assertions, and glaring absurdities, as it is,
+from beginning to end. In the opening paragraph, you predicate your
+right to instruct the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+entire Church, South, upon the real or assumed fact, that you are "The
+son of a now sainted father, who for forty years ministered at your
+altars, the co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers, who,
+under Asbury and Coke, founded your Church in America!"
+
+Alas, that any "sainted Father" should be represented by so degenerate a
+son--an irreligious son--not a member of any Church--but having the
+hardihood, in the face of those who know the facts, to disguise himself
+in the priestly robes of a "sainted Father"--like an ass in a lion's
+skin, to _bray out_ against better men than himself, or, like a wolf in
+sheep's clothing, to _steal into the fold_, where that Father was
+accustomed to minister in holy things, and with soft and honeyed words,
+and hypocritical teachings, and Satan-like misrepresentations, seek whom
+he may devour! You tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," that
+you really "approve" their "creed," and, what is still more
+soul-cheering, you have "witnessed their growth and progress for years,
+with the highest satisfaction." This is very _condescending_ in the "son
+of a now sainted father!" It is quite flattering! But these "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," would receive all this with a greater
+degree of allowance, if they did not believe that your generous
+patronage, so lavishly bestowed upon them and their "creed," was
+prompted by a principle of which _selfishness_ is the soul! They
+believe, and so express themselves in conversation, that your forced
+smile of approbation, your reluctant eulogy, have both been wrung from
+you, because you are a sycophantic partisan suitor for patronage, in the
+way of votes for your party. These Clergymen whom you address, think it
+a great pity that the "son of a now sainted father" should exhibit so
+much "satisfaction" at witnessing their prosperity, in _theory_, and
+manifest not one particle in _practice_. They think that you would be in
+your proper place, to be found among the _mourners_, instead of the
+_teachers_ in their Church; and that it is high time, considering your
+age in life, and the extent of your iniquities, that you should be found
+upon your knees, in an altar full of fresh straw, at an old-fashioned
+Camp-Meeting, asking the pious to pray for you, and God, for the sake of
+the forty years labors of "a now sainted father," to have mercy upon
+you, and save your sinful old soul from that death that never dies.
+
+Why, Sir, the Devil himself would blush to perpetrate such an act of
+arrogance as you have done, in thus volunteering your advice to the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church. An old
+political party hack, who is not now, and never was, a member of any
+Church--an intriguing old sinner, who never even attends Church, and
+who, in this respect, shows that he neither fears God, respects the
+Christian Sabbath, nor "approves the creed" of any orthodox
+denomination, to be lecturing a numerous body of Clergymen, as to what
+they ought or ought not to do, it is the culmination of all that is
+called effrontery! The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, wish the _evidence_ of your conversion to God, before
+they consent to obey you, as "having the rule over them." Your approval
+of their "creed," and the "satisfaction" with which you have witnessed
+their progress, is not sufficient to satisfy their doubting minds, as
+long as you continue to ride into Nashville on Sabbath, and retail
+political slang at the INN, or read Sag Nicht papers at the _Union
+Office_, to the neglect of the house of God, and the evil example set
+before young men, against the statute in such cases made and provided!
+We must, as Ministers, hear you relate your experience, in a regular
+class-meeting. Nay, more, knowing your _raising_, and your ability to
+"deceive, even the very elect," we must see you down upon your
+marrow-bones, surrounded by noisy and zealous officials, pounding you on
+the back, and exclaiming, as in the days of your "sainted father," _Pray
+on, Aaron_! We must hear you _groan_--we must see your sinful old bosom
+_heave_--we must witness the falling of _big tears_, as you publicly
+confess and manfully repent of your misdeeds--of the whole catalogue, of
+all the inward and outward iniquities of your past life--your sins of
+omission and commission, which God knows are more numerous than the
+hairs upon your old sinful head! I say we must see all this, and even
+more, before we can have faith in your teachings, as big as even a grain
+of mustard seed!
+
+But you are the "son of a now sainted father"--you derive great
+"satisfaction" from the "growth and progress" of Methodism--you
+"approve" the Methodist "creed"--and hence, a glorious future awaits the
+Methodist Church: _provided_ always, that her "Bishops, Elders, and
+other Ministers" hearken to and obey your teachings, a thing they are
+very certain not to do, in the matter under consideration. It is a
+melancholy fact, that many of the sons of Methodist, and other
+Ministers, are very wicked and unpromising men; and it is equally true,
+and certainly notorious, that where they turn out to be sinners, they
+are sinners above all offenders, dwelling either at Jerusalem or
+elsewhere! I have no hesitancy in pronouncing you as _hard a case_, in a
+moral point of view, as ever came before the Church, and the only
+appropriate reply her ecclesiastical dignitaries can make to your
+address, is to appoint a day of fasting and prayer to God, for your
+conversion, to be observed throughout her borders. I now, as the
+appointed organ of the Church, set apart the first day of January, 1856,
+and I pray you, as one desiring the salvation of your soul, to be in the
+spirit and in a proper frame of mind on that day! Humble yourself before
+God--tell him that you were in error in stealing the livery of Heaven to
+serve the Devil in! Tell him that you are an old worn-out political
+hack--that you have grown gray in the service of sin--that during the
+whole of a somewhat eventful life, your labors have been in the dirtiest
+pools of party politics--that you have been insincere and unscrupulous
+in all your teachings and acts--that you stand before the people of
+Tennessee publicly branded by _eight_ respectable and reliable citizens
+of Wilson county, as a _falsifier_ in the Know Nothing controversy of
+the past summer--and that you are sorry for having come forth steeped to
+the nose and chin in political profligacy, to lecture grave Clergymen
+upon subjects you ought to set at their feet and learn lessons about!
+Tell your God, what he doubtless knows, that though the "son of a now
+sainted father," you are as full of devils as ever Mary Magdalene
+was--that like the "Imps of Sin," in Milton, these "yelp all around"
+you--that this is no reflection upon a "now sainted father," whose
+seeming neglect of your early training grew out of his continual absence
+from home, as is the case with most Methodist Preachers,--aye, tell your
+God, that once out of this scrape, you will never be caught in another
+of the kind! You say,
+
+     "From the foundation of our government, it has been a conceded
+     and settled doctrine, that the various religious denominations
+     should not, as such, intermeddle with the political contests of
+     the day. No instance is now remembered where they have done
+     so!"
+
+This is a remarkable sentence, and partakes of the nature of your Wilson
+county assertions! The history of the Church, and of the world,
+contradicts every word of the foregoing, and demonstrates that the
+"settled doctrine" of the Catholic Church, has ever been, as it still
+is, to "intermeddle with the political contests of the day." I will
+trouble you with two instances in which "religious denominations, as
+such," have been guilty of what you deny. The Albany (N. Y.) State
+Register, a paper which usually does not say what it cannot maintain,
+states that ARCHBISHOP HUGHES has issued a mandate, _commanding_ all
+Catholics in the Albany District, in the exciting State election now
+coming off, to cast their votes for Mr. Crosby for the Senate. But Roman
+Catholics, you falsely tell us, never "intermeddle with the political
+contests of the day:" O no!
+
+The other "instance now remembered," is the one in which you were a
+candidate for a seat in the Legislature of Tennessee, in the county of
+Giles: this was, according to my recollection, in 1831, or a quarter of
+a century ago. At that time, there was a small Manual Labor School in
+Giles, which had been incorporated by the Legislature, and at the head
+of which was a _Presbyterian_. The gentleman who ran against you, if not
+a member of the Presbyterian Church, "approved" their "creed," and
+"witnessed their growth and progress for years with the highest
+satisfaction." _You_ charged upon the stump that the Presbyterians were
+seeking to establish their religion by law, to unite Church and
+State--appealed to the Methodist and Baptist to put them down by
+electing you, with a promise that you would check their march by
+counter-legislation--and you were elected upon this issue. At the same
+time, as the oldest inhabitants of Giles know, there were not fifty
+Presbyterians in the county! But "no instance is remembered" in which
+one sect has intermeddled with another--O no! You say:
+
+     "In the mutations of parties in this country, a new one has
+     lately arisen, to which, I apprehend, more of the Methodist
+     ministers have attached themselves, at least in the State of
+     Tennessee, than might have been expected. This party, known as
+     the Know Nothings, is so _peculiar_ in its organization, that
+     it seems strange to me that any minister or professor of
+     religion should be willing longer to continue in it."
+
+Your apprehensions are well-founded, when you suppose that a very large
+proportion of the Methodist ministers in Tennessee are either members of
+this new party or sympathize with it. And, sir, more of the ministers of
+other denominations than you seem to be aware of, have either attached
+themselves to this party, "in the mutations of parties," or act with it,
+and endorse its aims and objects, than you have yet dreamed of! And "it
+seems strange" to these ministers, and thousands of the purest and best
+laymen in the Protestant ranks, "that any minister or professor of
+religion should be willing longer" to oppose the principles of this
+party, or array themselves under the black flag of Papal Rome, and of
+the pauper emigrants with whom she is flooding our land! But, sir, the
+object of your Address is, to persuade if you can, and if not, _to
+drive_, by motives of fear, the Clergy of the Methodist Church from
+their position on this great American and Protestant question. Alas, how
+little does the "son of a sainted father" understand the material he
+attempts to work upon! Methodist ministers are free men, the equals of
+other moral and upright men in heroic virtues, and far in advance of
+that of politicians in Tennessee who believe parties in religion, as in
+politics, are only "held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder," and who assume to direct public opinion from a principle, of
+which _selfishness_ is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end!
+Sir, the violence, bitterness, and the very inflammatory tone, not to
+say language, of your Gallatin, Lebanon, and Columbia speeches, are
+enough, it seems to me, to _nauseate_ every good and conservative
+citizen, and to disgust every "Bishop, Elder, and other Ministers,
+Itinerant and Local, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South." Even in
+this Address, you insult these ministers on every page. I see not how
+any preacher, with a true Protestant and American heart in him, can read
+this address of yours through, without rising up from his seat and
+saying: "I have voted with this Anti-Protestant and Anti-American party
+for the last time."
+
+In warning Methodist ministers to withdraw their sanction and
+approbation of Know Nothingism, you say:
+
+     "I therefore call upon them this day to come out of these
+     lodges, and never return to them: at all events, never return
+     to them until all _secrecy_, all their bits of red paper,
+     (indicating _blood_, even by the selection of color,) all their
+     signs and signals, are utterly abolished and dispensed with. I
+     call upon them to do this, and to do it forthwith--by their
+     hopes of heaven--by their obedience to the word of God--by
+     their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their
+     country--to come out from any party which has adopted a mode
+     and plan of organization so fatal to the peace of society, and
+     the progress of true religion."
+
+What egotism! _You_ call upon them! You make a freer use of the personal
+pronoun _I_, than even old Parson Longstreet, the Know Nothing slayer of
+Mississippi. To parse your different sentences syntactically, nothing
+else is necessary but to understand the first person singular, and to
+repeat the rule. Not only your verbiage but your sentiment is thus
+egotistic throughout!
+
+Your appeal to the ministers to come out of this organization, on the
+ground of its _secrecy_, is a species of demagoguism, the more
+disgusting when it is considered that you are a _Free Mason_, and have,
+by all the arts and blandishment of your nature, sought to induce
+ministers to go into that organization. But, then, there is no violation
+of law or the Constitution in _Masonry_--"fatal to the peace of society
+and to the progress of true religion"--no, nothing! Understand me: I am
+not opposed to Masonry.
+
+On this subject of the Romish creed, which you excuse, and even
+_advocate_, you admit that there are "_alleged_ abuses," which have
+prompted the Protestant Churches to unite themselves with this new
+Order! Then you insultingly tell these Churches this tale:
+
+     "But they ought to have remembered, that even a virtuous
+     indignation can never justify _proscription and persecution_:
+     these bring no remedy to the real or supposed evils, but are
+     sure to increase and aggravate them. These errors in faith, and
+     abominations in practice, if they really exist, were known to
+     the Wesleys, and Cokes, and Asburys, who founded your Church:
+     to the Lees, the Bruces, the Capers, the Logan Douglasses, the
+     Summerfields, and the Bascoms, who subsequently extended and
+     adorned it. But they never proposed to kindle, in this
+     enlightened age of Christianity, the consuming fires of
+     RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION."
+
+Now, sir, every distinguished "founder" of the Methodist Church you have
+named, from WESLEY to BASCOM, has written and preached against the
+"errors in faith, and abominations in practice," of the Romish Church,
+and they each and all have taken this very ground upon the religious
+issues. I have heard _three_ of these men preach, and I am familiar with
+the writings of the rest, and know whereof I speak.
+
+You _intentionally_ deceive and misrepresent the American party, when
+you charge that they seek to proscribe one class of our citizens--that
+they desire to interfere with the rights of conscience--and to say _how_
+men should worship God. Why don't you inform your readers that
+Archbishop Hughes, and other Catholic Bishops, were the first to
+introduce religion into political discussion in this country? This would
+not suit your purposes--it suits your objects, taste, and inclination
+better, to slander the American party by wholesale, and to charge upon
+its members the atrocities committed by your foreign and pauper allies.
+We only choose to vote against them, and to vote for American-born
+citizens and Protestants: which is as much our _right_, as it is the
+right of these foreign Catholics to vote against and proscribe American
+Protestants. For this, you and your villainous associates exhaust the
+whole vocabulary of Billingsgate upon the American party. What is their
+offence? Why, they simply place certain questions before persons
+desiring to act with them, which they think, at least, may affect the
+national welfare, and before the people of the Union, and ask their
+opinion of these questions at the ballot-box. The American party has
+always denied, and I again reiterate the denial, that we do, at all
+proscribe, or in any way interfere with, any class of our foreign
+citizens, save that we propose to send _convicts_ from European prisons
+back to their own native and infamous dens, as fast as they land
+here--but these are not _citizens_ of ours. I appeal to our Platform,
+and our Book of Constitutions, and I offer to any man a handsome
+reward--any man who will produce in either a statement containing the
+proscription you falsely charge against us. I now say, Gov. Brown,
+either do this, or cease your empty vaporing against the _proscriptive_
+features of our system, as you are pleased to style it. You declaim most
+lustily in favor of religious liberty for Catholics, which you know we
+do not propose as a party to interfere with; and this you plead for at
+the altar of Methodist "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," who know
+there is no religious liberty for Protestants where Catholics have the
+power to prevent it! You plead in the most plaintive tones for the
+rights of foreign Catholics to be sworn into good citizens in less than
+_one year_ after they land here, but do not seem to remember the
+American Protestant wives and children, who have to subsist on charity
+during our severe winters, in consequence of their husbands and fathers
+being elbowed out of employment by the competition of foreign pauper
+laborers!
+
+Sir, the American party, if in power, would put a stop to that
+proscription from office that has always characterized the party with
+which you act, and which has made the present Administration so very and
+so justly odious to the country. Proscription, indeed! Was there ever
+such _glaring_ and _actual_ proscription for the sake of religious and
+political creeds committed as by the present Administration? The
+infamous Sag Nicht party with which you act, and of which you are a
+leader and a High Priest, though the "son of a now sainted father," has
+applied the political guillotine to almost every man in office who has
+dared to differ with them in their high estimate of foreign paupers and
+Catholic vagabonds, in many instances turning out native-born
+Protestants, and filling their places with foreign Catholics. And yet,
+with a degree of effrontery that throws the Devil far into the shade,
+you turn round and charge the American party with proscription, and ask
+the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church, "by
+their hopes of heaven--by their obedience to the word of God--and by
+their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their country," to come
+out from a party so proscriptive! Why, sir, you out-Herod old Herod
+himself! Your teachings contrasted with your practice, would cause a
+crimsoned negative to settle on the cheeks of old Pilate! And still you
+are the "son of a now sainted father"--you "approve" the "creed" of
+Methodism, and have "witnessed its growth and prosperity for years, with
+the highest satisfaction!"
+
+You quote from the Declaration of Independence, to show that toleration
+should be extended to Catholics and foreigners, and then insultingly
+add, as if you supposed no Methodist minister had ever perused the
+writings of Mr. JEFFERSON:
+
+     "These are the words of Mr. Jefferson, but the immortal
+     sentiment springs directly from the word of the living and true
+     God. No: persecution at the stake, or by exclusion of Catholics
+     from office, is not the weapon to be wielded by the Protestant
+     Churches."
+
+_You_ know that the notes of warning given to his countrymen by the sage
+of Monticello, and the great APOSTLE of American Democracy, are in
+harmony with the doctrines of the Know Nothing party. But you choose to
+conceal this fact from the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, in the vain hope that their numerous pressing and
+official engagements will not allow them time to look up the documents.
+In Mr. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, written in 1781, and published in
+1794, pages 124-5, I find the following _Know Nothing doctrine_:
+
+     "But are there no inconveniences to be thrown into the scale
+     against the advantage expected from a multiplication of numbers
+     by the importation of foreigners? It is for the happiness of
+     those united in society to harmonize, as much as possible, in
+     matters which they must of necessity transact together. Civil
+     government being the sole object of forming societies, its
+     administration must be conducted by common consent. Every
+     species of government has specific principles. Ours, perhaps,
+     are more peculiar than those of any other in the universe. It
+     is a composition of the freest principles of the English
+     constitution, with others derived from natural right and
+     natural reason. To these nothing can be more opposed than the
+     maxims of absolute monarchs. Yet _from such we are to expect
+     the greatest number of immigrants_. They will bring with them
+     the _principles of the government they leave, imbibed in early
+     youth_: or, if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange
+     for an _unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from
+     one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop
+     precisely at the point of temperate liberty_. These principles,
+     with their language, they will transmit to their children. In
+     proportion with their numbers, they will share with us the
+     legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and
+     bias its directions, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent,
+     distracted mass. _I may appeal to experience during the present
+     contest for a verification of these conjectures._ But if they
+     be not certain in event, are they not possible? are they not
+     probable? Is it not safer to wait with patience twenty-seven
+     years and three months longer for the attainment of every
+     degree of population desired or expected? May not our
+     government be more homogeneous, more peaceable, more durable?"
+
+Again, Mr. JEFFERSON, whilst our Minister to the Court of St. Cloud,
+addressed a letter to JOHN JAY, dated November 14, 1788, in which he
+uses this language:
+
+     "With respect to the _Consular_ appointments, it is a duty on
+     me to add some observations, which my situation here has
+     enabled me to make. I think it was in the spring of 1784, that
+     Congress (harassed by multiplied applications from foreigners,
+     of whom nothing was known but on their information, or on that
+     of others as unknown as themselves) came to the resolution that
+     the interest of America would not permit the naming of any
+     person, not a citizen, to the office of Consul, or Agent, or
+     Commissary. _Native citizens, on several valuable accounts, are
+     preferable to aliens, or citizens alien-born._ Native citizens
+     possess our language, know our laws, customs and commerce, have
+     general acquaintance in the United States, give better
+     satisfaction, _and are more to be relied on in a point of
+     fidelity_. To avail ourselves of our native citizens, it
+     appears to me advisable to _declare, by standing law_, that no
+     person but a native citizen shall be capable of the office of
+     Consul. This was the rule of 1784, restraining the office of
+     Consul to native citizens."
+
+In 1797, Mr. JEFFERSON drafted a petition to the Legislature of
+Virginia, on behalf of the citizens of Amherst, Albemarle, Fluvana, and
+Gouchland Bounties, in which he uses the following language:
+
+     "Your petitioners further submit to the two Houses of Assembly,
+     whether the safety of the citizens of this Commonwealth, in
+     their persons, their property, their laws and government, does
+     not require that the capacity to act in the important office of
+     _Juror, Grand or Petty, civil or criminal_, should not be
+     restrained in future to native citizens, or such as were
+     citizens at the date of the Treaty of Peace which closed our
+     revolutionary war; and whether ignorance of our laws, and
+     natural partiality to the countries of their birth, are not
+     reasonable causes for declaring this to be one of their rights
+     incommunicable in future to adopted citizens."--_Jefferson's
+     Writings, Vol. IX., page 453._
+
+Now, Sir, answer me in candor, are you not ashamed of having quoted Mr.
+JEFFERSON, and of having so basely misrepresented his position on this
+great American question? Did not Mr. JEFFERSON propose to carry his
+opposition to foreigners much farther than the American party now do?
+
+But, you vile old demagogue, though "son of a now sainted father," I am
+determined you shall not escape the indignant powers of those "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," whom you have wickedly sought to deceive.
+It is known to you, and to the world, in what veneration all American
+Democrats hold the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and '99, and the fame of
+Mr. MADISON, who was the ruling spirit of that session of the
+Legislature. That Legislature passed the following Resolution, which you
+may find by consulting Henning's Statutes at Large, Vol. 2, New Series,
+page 194:
+
+     "That the General Assembly, nevertheless, concurring in opinion
+     with the Legislature of Massachusetts that every Constitutional
+     barrier should be opposed to the introduction of foreign
+     influence into our National Councils,--_Resolved_, That the
+     Constitution ought to be so amended that _no foreigner, who
+     shall have acquired the right, under our Constitution and laws,
+     at the time of making the amendment, shall hereafter be
+     eligible to the office of Senator or Representative_, in
+     Congress of the United States, nor to _any office in the
+     Judiciary or Executive_. Agreed to by the Senate, Jan. 16,
+     1799."
+
+I shall next consider two extracts from your Address, under one general
+head, relating to the _temporal_ power of the Pope. You say:
+
+     "But the genius of sophistry may fly to the rescue of
+     Know-Nothingism, by pretending that it is not on account of
+     _his religion_ that the Catholic is to be excluded from office,
+     but because he is subjected, not merely to the spiritual but
+     the _temporal dominion_ or jurisdiction of the Pope. No error
+     has been wider spread than this."
+
+Again:
+
+     "A late distinguished Senator from Georgia, (Mr. Berrien,) in a
+     recent address to the public, has copied a letter of Mr.
+     Wesley, which may require a few observations. That letter was
+     dated in January, 1780. All its conclusions were founded on the
+     ASSUMED AND POPULAR OPINION of that day, that the Pope _did_
+     claim a civil jurisdiction beyond his own dominions--that he
+     _could_ absolve the subjects of other governments from their
+     oaths of allegiance, and _that there was_ a principle in one of
+     the tenets of that Church, that Catholics were justified in not
+     keeping faith with heretics. Against these ASSUMED AND POPULAR
+     OPINIONS, the Catholics of England in that day, as they now do
+     in this country, were solemnly protesting."
+
+This is a modest way of giving Mr. Wesley the _lie_, but it is
+nevertheless quite _direct_, and is the more surprising, as it comes
+from the "son of a now sainted father," who was a follower of Wesley, a
+"co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers" he was
+instrumental in starting out into the world--aye, the son of a "father
+who, for forty years, ministered at the altars" this same Wesley
+erected! In holding up John Wesley as the _vile calumniator_ of the
+Catholic Church in England, it is well enough, Governor, to be modest
+about it, and cautious in the selection of your words, as you are
+addressing a class of men who believe in John Wesley, as a faithful man
+of God, and one incapable of misrepresenting the Catholics of England,
+the Pope of Rome, or any other sect or individual! John Wesley
+ministered at the sacred altars of religion for more than sixty years;
+he had with him the power of God, and the witness that he pleased Him;
+and the last words he uttered, with his hands clasped, and his eyes
+raised toward heaven, were these: "_The best of all is, God is with
+us!_" And yet the sons and grandsons in the gospel, of this venerated
+and sainted man of God, are insulted in Tennessee, by being told by an
+_impertinent old sinner_, and a _vile old party hack_, that he was A
+LIAR, while living, and the _slanderer of the Catholic Church_, now that
+he is no more! If Mr. Wesley "_assumed_" falsehoods in reference to the
+Romish Church in England, he either did it in _ignorance_, or with _a
+guilty knowledge_ of the fact. He was a man of too much learning and
+information for his friends to get him out of such an indictment under a
+plea of ignorance. He is therefore, though dead, A WILFUL LIAR,
+according to "Ex-Gov. A. V. Brown," for the Governor goes on to argue
+the cause against him, and, on page 19 of his address, quotes _Catholic_
+authority to _prove_ him a liar! Shame on the "son of a now sainted
+father," and on the _holy seer of Pisgah_! O! Aaron, thou priest of
+corrupt Democracy, you need not endeavor to gull "bishops, elders, and
+other ministers," with your _whining cant_, while you thus traduce their
+great spiritual head, who, under God, taught them the lessons of
+salvation!
+
+Gov. Brown, go with me, as one of the admirers of John Wesley, to the
+humble dwellings of the miners of Cornwall, to the homely tents of the
+colliers of Kingswood and Newcastle, and to the equally humble workshops
+of the manufacturers of Yorkshire, in England, who are rejoicing in God
+their Saviour that a Wesley was ever born into the world, and ask them
+if they believe him capable of slandering the Catholics! Go with me
+among the backwoodsmen of North America, and examine them in their lone
+tents--go among the honest and virtuous settlers on our Western
+frontiers, amid the interminable forests of the far off West, whose
+thousands are brought into the fold of Christ, through the
+instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, and ask them if they think the
+founder of their Church was _a wilful liar_!
+
+Go with me to the rich pastures and luxuriant harvest-fields of your own
+native Middle Tennessee: enter the neat cottages and stately mansions of
+that glorious division of our State, and ask the intelligent and
+educated females, who are rejoicing in God, in hope of future and
+eternal life, through the prayers and sermons of Wesleyan ministers, as
+instruments in the hands of God, if they believe the founder of their
+Church was _a wicked calumniator_! Go to the islands of the sea, to the
+burning sands of Africa, and ask the benighted converts from heathenism,
+through the instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, if they believe the
+venerable founder of their Church was a man of truth!
+
+Enter the dwellings of the rich and fashionable planters of the
+South--ride around their sugar and cotton plantations, among the sable
+sons and daughters of Africa, and witness the blessed fruits of the
+pious life, Christian integrity, and triumphant death of John Wesley!
+Come over to East Tennessee, Governor, and enter the log-cabins of the
+virtuous, happy peasantry of the "hill country," and ask them whether
+they believe Mr. Wesley or your Catholic authorities, touching the
+temporal power of the Pope of Rome!
+
+Alas! Gov. Brown, the Reformation dawned with LUTHER in Germany, but the
+sun of its glory rose with Methodism in England; the first streaks of
+_Protestant_ light were seen on the horizon of the sixteenth century,
+but the meridian sun of the Reformation dawned in all his brightness on
+the Wesleys and Whitefield! But America has been the land of the glory
+and triumph of the doctrines of the man you labor to convict of the
+awful sin of lying!
+
+But you deny that the Pope of Rome, in _temporal_ matters, claims what
+Mr. Wesley attributed to him in the letter copied by Senator Berrien.
+You also deny that the Popes claim and have exercised the right to
+interfere with matters of government, and the right to absolve their
+followers in other countries, and under other governments, from their
+allegiance to such rulers and governments. I will proceed to vindicate
+Mr. Wesley, and, by the proof, saddle the lie on you! Whilst John was
+King of England, he had the "Magna Charta," the great charter securing,
+among other things, the right of trial by jury, wrung from him at the
+point of the bayonet. This great charter was annulled by Pope Innocent.
+Here is the proof:
+
+     "While the king was employed in the siege of Rochester, he
+     received the pleasing intelligence, that according to his
+     request the charter had been annulled by the pontiff. Innocent,
+     enumerating the grounds of his judgment, insists strongly on
+     the violence employed by the barons. If they really felt
+     themselves aggrieved, they ought, he observes, to have accepted
+     the offer of redress by due course of law. They had preferred,
+     however, to break the oath of fealty, which they had taken, and
+     had appointed themselves judges to sit upon their lord. They
+     knew, moreover, that John had enrolled himself among the
+     crusaders; and yet they had not scrupled to violate the
+     privileges which all Christian nations had granted to the
+     champions of the cross. Lastly, England was become the fief of
+     the holy see; and they could not be ignorant that if the king
+     had the will, he had not at least the power, to give away the
+     rights of the crown, without the consent of his feudal
+     superior. He was therefore bound to annul the concessions which
+     had been extorted from John, as having been obtained in
+     contempt of the holy see, to the degradation of royalty, the
+     disgrace of the nation, and to the impediment of the crusade.
+     At the same time he wrote to the barons, re-stating his
+     reasons, exhorting them to submit, requesting them to lay their
+     claims before him in the council to be held at Rome; and
+     promising that he would induce the king to consent to whatever
+     might be deemed just or reasonable, to take care that all
+     grievances should be abolished, that the crown should be
+     content with its just rights, and the clergy and people should
+     enjoy their ancient liberties."--_Lingard's History of
+     England_, vol. ii., page 71.
+
+Will it be said that this was not interfering with _temporal_ matters?
+Will it be said that the right of trial by jury was a _spiritual_
+matter? Will it be said that the tyranny of King John, and his
+oppressions, of which the barons justly complained, were _spiritual_
+matters? No sensible advocate of Romanism will say this!
+
+The next instance of an interference by the Pope in temporal affairs, to
+which I shall call your attention, Governor, is his excommunication of
+Elizabeth, Queen of England. She was immediately preceded on that throne
+by her sister Mary, who was a Catholic. For no other reason than that
+Elizabeth was a _Protestant_, and would not submit her rights and
+kingdom to the control of the Pope, Pius V. thundered forth at her
+devoted head the following anathema, from his throne at the Vatican,
+situated at the foot of one of the seven hills upon which Rome is built:
+
+     EXCOMMUNICATION AND DEPOSITION Of QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND.
+
+     "Pius, etc., for a future memorial of the matter. He that
+     reigneth on high, to whom is given all power in heaven and on
+     earth, committed one Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, _out
+     of which there is no salvation_, to one alone upon the earth,
+     Peter the Prince of the Apostles, and to Peter's successor, the
+     Bishop of Rome, to be governed in _fulness of power_. Him alone
+     he made prince over all people, and all kingdoms, to pluck up,
+     destroy, scatter, consume, plant and build, etc. But the number
+     of the ungodly hath gotten such power, that there is now no
+     place left in the whole world which they have not essayed to
+     corrupt with their most wicked doctrines. Amongst others,
+     Elizabeth, _the pretended Queen of England, a slave of
+     wickedness_, lending thereunto her helping hand, with whom, as
+     in a sanctuary, the most pernicious of all men have found a
+     refuge; this very woman having seized upon the kingdom, and
+     monstrously usurping the place of the supreme Head of the
+     Church in all England, and the chief authority and jurisdiction
+     thereof, hath again brought back the same kingdom to miserable
+     destruction, which was then newly reduced to the faith, and to
+     good order. For having by strong hand inhibited the true
+     religion, which Mary, the lawful queen, of famous memory, had,
+     by the help of this See, restored, after it had been formerly
+     overthrown by King Henry VIII., a revolter therefrom, and
+     following and embracing the errors of _heretics_, she hath
+     removed the royal council, consisting of the English nobility,
+     and filled it with obscure men, being heretics; hath oppressed
+     the embracers of the Roman faith, hath placed impious
+     preachers, ministers of iniquity, and abolished the sacrifice
+     of the mass, prayers, fastings, distinction of meats, a single
+     life, and the rites and ceremonies; hath commanded books to be
+     read in the whole realm, containing manifest heresy, etc. She
+     hath not only contemned the godly requests and admonitions of
+     princes concerning her healing and conversion, but also bath
+     not so much as permitted the Nuncios of the See to cross the
+     seas into England, etc. We do, therefore, out of the fulness of
+     our apostolic power, declare the aforesaid Elizabeth, being
+     heretic, and a favorer of heretics, and her adherents in the
+     matter aforesaid, to have incurred the sentence of anathema,
+     and to be cut off from the unity of the body of Christ. And,
+     moreover, we do declare her to be deprived of her pretended
+     title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of all dominion, dignity,
+     and privilege whatsoever; and also the nobility, subjects, and
+     people of the said kingdom, and all others which have in any
+     sort sworn unto her, to be for ever absolved from any such
+     oath, and all manner of duty or dominion, allegiance and
+     obedience; as we also do, by the authority of these presents,
+     absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth of her
+     pretended title to the kingdom, and all other things aforesaid.
+     And we do command and interdict all and every one of the
+     noblemen, subjects, people, and others aforesaid, that they
+     presume not to obey her, or her admonitions, mandates, and
+     laws; and those who shall do the contrary, we do innodate with
+     the like sentence of ANATHEMA.
+
+     "Given at St. Peter's at Rome, in the year 1569, and the fifth
+     of our pontificate."--_Dowling's History of Romanism_, p. 564.
+
+One more: Sixtus V. thunders his bull of excommunication at this same
+Queen of England--incites Philip of Catholic Spain to make war against
+her country--and graciously _gives_ the British Isles to Philip! Here is
+the bull of Pope Sixtus:
+
+     "We, Sixtus the Fifth, the universal shepherd of the flock of
+     Christ, the supreme chief, to whom the government of the whole
+     world appertains, considering that the people of England and
+     Ireland, after having been so long celebrated for their
+     virtues, their religion, and their submission to our see, have
+     become putrid members, infected, and capable of corrupting the
+     whole Christian body, and on account of their subjection to the
+     impious, tyrannical, and sanguinary government of Elizabeth,
+     the bastard queen, and by the influence of her adherents, who
+     equal her in wickedness; and who refuse, like her, to recognize
+     the power of the Roman Church: regarding that Henry VIII.
+     formerly, for motives of debauchery, commenced all these
+     disorders by revolting against the submission which he owed to
+     the Pope, the sole and true sovereign of England; considering
+     that the usurper Elizabeth has followed the path of this
+     infamous king, we declare that there exists but one mode of
+     remedying these evils, of restoring peace, tranquillity, and
+     union to Christendom, of re-establishing religion, and of
+     leading back the people to obedience to us, which is, to depose
+     from the throne that execrable Elizabeth, who falsely arrogates
+     to herself the title of Queen of the British Isles. Being then
+     inspired by the Holy Spirit for the general good of the Church,
+     we renew, by the virtue of our apostolic power, the sentence
+     pronounced by our predecessor, Pius the Fifth and Gregory the
+     Thirteenth, against the modern Jezebel: we proclaim her
+     deprived of her royal authority, of the rights, titles, or
+     pretensions to which she may lay claim over the kingdoms of
+     Ireland and England, affirming that she possesses them
+     unlawfully and by usurpation. We relieve all her subjects from
+     the oaths they may have taken to her, and we prohibit them from
+     rendering any kind of service to this execrable woman; it is
+     our will, that she be driven from door to door like one
+     possessed of a devil, and that all human aid be refused her;
+     we declare, moreover, that foreigners or Englishmen are
+     permitted, as a meritorious work, to seize the person of
+     Elizabeth and surrender her, living or dead, to the tribunals
+     of the inquisition. We promise to those who shall accomplish
+     this glorious mission, infinite recompenses, not only in the
+     life eternal, but even in this world. Finally, we grant plenary
+     indulgence to the faithful who shall willingly unite with the
+     Catholic army which is going to combat the impious Elizabeth,
+     under the orders of our dear son Philip the Second, to whom we
+     give the British Isles in full sovereignty, as a recompense for
+     the zeal he has always shown toward our see, and for the
+     particular affection he has shown for the Catholics of the Low
+     Country."--_De Cormenin's History of the Popes_, p. 262.
+
+Here is what Macaulay, a reliable historian, says of the baneful effects
+of Romanism:
+
+     "From the time when the barbarians overran the Western Empire
+     to the time of the revival of letters, the influence of the
+     Church of Rome has been generally favorable to science, to
+     civilization, and to good government. But, during the last
+     three centuries, to stunt the growth of the human mind has been
+     her chief object. Throughout Christendom, whatever advance has
+     been made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts
+     of life, has been made in spite of her, and has everywhere been
+     in inverse proportion to her power. The loveliest and most
+     fertile provinces of Europe have, under her rule, been sunk
+     into poverty, in political servitude, and in intellectual
+     torpor, while Protestant countries, once proverbial for
+     sterility and barbarism, have been turned, by skill and
+     industry, into gardens, and can boast of a long list of heroes
+     and statesmen, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing what
+     Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what four hundred years
+     ago they naturally were, shall now compare the country round
+     Rome with the country round Edinburgh, will be able to form
+     some judgment of the tendency of Papal domination. The descent
+     of Spain, once the first among monarchies, to the lowest depths
+     of degradation, the elevation of Holland, in spite of many
+     natural disadvantages, to a position such as no commonwealth so
+     small has ever reached, teach the same lesson. Whoever passes,
+     in Germany, from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality,
+     in Switzerland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, in
+     Ireland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant county, finds
+     that he has passed from a lower to a higher grade of
+     civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic the same law
+     prevails. The Protestants of the United States have left far
+     behind the Roman Catholics of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The
+     Roman Catholics of Lower Canada remain inert, while the whole
+     continent round them is in a ferment with Protestant activity
+     and enterprise."--_Macaulay's History of England_, vol. i., p.
+     37.
+
+I must be permitted to add, just here, that in 1848, when the people of
+France expelled Louis Philippe from the throne in Paris, and established
+a Republic, the present old drunken, goutified debauchee, Pope Pius IX.,
+hurled at the French nation a fearful bull of excommunication, and
+denied them the right of revolution! Was this interfering in temporal
+matters? But no longer ago than the year 1854, this same old vagabond,
+Pope Pius, issued orders absolving his followers from all allegiance to
+the Sardinian Government, because that government chose to abolish the
+infamous monasteries, which had been so long supported at the expense of
+an oppressed people! Was this not interfering in temporal matters? I
+could multiply authorities, Governor, to an indefinite extent,
+sustaining Mr. Wesley's views, and falsifying all you say, but this
+would swell my reply beyond what I intended in the outset. Let me call
+your attention to Brownson's Review, for July, 1853, where you will find
+all this power, and even more, claimed for the Pope, over temporal
+sovereigns and their subjects, the world over! This _Review_ is the
+acknowledged organ of _Archbishop Hughes_, the head and front of the
+Catholic Church in North America.
+
+You state that our Declaration of Independence absolved from every
+possible obligation to the Pope in temporal matters. Your language is:
+
+     "The moment it was read and proclaimed from old Independence
+     Hall in Philadelphia, obedience in temporal matters, if it ever
+     existed, ceased for ever, as to every native-born son in
+     America."
+
+You further add that the Constitution of the United States set aside all
+temporal power of the Pope in this country, and that if any doubts
+remain, the finishing touch is given by the following oath of
+naturalization, taken by our naturalized citizens:
+
+     "I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of
+     the United States, and that I do _absolutely and entirely_
+     renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or state, or sovereignty _whatever_."
+
+Sir, do you suppose that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers,"
+whom you have the impudence to address, are all fools? Do you suppose
+they are men of no reading or information? If they know any thing, they
+certainly know that the oath of naturalization they, the Catholics,
+take, weighs no more with them than a feather. A Catholic can evade the
+force of any oath, by a _mental reservation_. Here is what Sanchez says,
+the very highest Catholic authority, whose teaching, including this
+interpretation of oaths, has been endorsed by the Council of Trent:
+
+     "It is lawful to use _ambiguous terms_ to give the impression a
+     different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+     person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+     though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+     a certain day, or before he was born, or by concealing any
+     other similar circumstances; which gives another meaning to it.
+     This is extremely convenient, and always very just, when
+     necessary to your health, honor, or prosperity."
+
+In addition to this, let me tell you, if you never before knew the fact,
+that Judge Gaston, a distinguished Jurist, and a gentleman of excellent
+character, though a rigid Roman Catholic, of North Carolina, was
+appointed to a seat upon the Supreme Bench of that State. The
+Constitution of that State, unlike those of almost all other States,
+requires every Judge to take an oath, among other things, that HE
+BELIEVES IN THE TRUTH OF THE PROTESTANT RELIGION. Mr. Gaston asked time
+to think over the matter--he repaired to the Archbishop at Baltimore,
+doubtless obtained a dispensation--wrote back to Raleigh from there,
+that he would take the oath--returned, and in due time solemnly swore
+that _he believed in the truth of the Protestant Religion_. He died in
+Raleigh, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court--but lived and died a
+Roman Catholic!
+
+During the past month, in this city, W. G. McAdoo, the Attorney General
+for this Judicial Circuit, had some Irish Catholics brought before the
+Grand Jury, to testify in cases of unlawful gaming and the retailing of
+ardent spirits. The Clerk swore them on a common English Testament, and
+they returned to the Jury room, and testified that they knew of no
+cases! The Attorney for the Commonwealth then procured the _Catholic
+Douay Bible_, with a large _Cross_ upon its outside, swore them upon
+this--sent them in, and they _disgorged_, telling of various cases, and
+enabling the Jury to find bills against even some of their own folks! An
+oath, then, is nothing with strict Roman Catholics, who believe their
+Priests can absolve them from the obligations of any and all oaths. For
+notwithstanding your denial of the fact, it is notoriously true, that
+the members of the Catholic Church believe their Priesthood to exercise,
+by Divine right, the power to fix and determine their eternal destiny.
+Nay, every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the absolute
+control of the Catholic Priesthood, by considerations not only of a
+temporal, but an eternal weight. This is what gives their Priesthood
+such power and influence in elections; an influence they are using in
+every State, against the American party. And it is this faculty of
+concentration, this political influence, this power of the Priesthood to
+control the Catholic community, and cause a vast multitude of ignorant
+foreigners to vote as a _unit_, and thus control the will of the
+American people, that has engendered this opposition to the Catholic
+Church. It is this aggressive policy and corrupting tendency of the
+Romish Church; this organized and concentrated political power of a
+distinct class of men; foreign by birth; inferior in intelligence and
+virtue to the American people, and not their religion and form of
+worship, objectionable as these are known to be, which have called forth
+the opposition of the American party to the Catholic Church.
+
+But, sir, you occupy several pages in copying and commenting upon the
+several oaths administered to the members of the American party--oaths
+which, as you tell us, are revolting in their character, and lead to the
+indiscriminate proscription of all foreigners. I meet all your
+conjectures and wild speculations in reference to these several oaths
+and obligations, by saying, just here, that I have taken them all, and
+that they express my sentiments and feelings to the very letter; and I
+am willing, for the remainder of my days, to go before an acting Justice
+of the Peace, for the county of Knox, and have all three of these oaths
+administered every Monday morning, upon the "Holy Bible and Cross."
+
+You have failed, in your zeal to advocate Romanism and oppose the
+American party, to tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom
+you address, that we resort to our oaths and obligations to combat
+successfully the most powerful oath-bound organization the world ever
+knew. The oath of every _Roman Catholic Bishop_ and _Archbishop_ binds
+him to absolute and unquestioned obedience, not only to the present Pope
+but to his successors, "canonically coming in," and to "oppose and
+persecute" all who do not submit to his authority! The oath of every
+_Priest_ binds him to the Church of Rome "as the chief head and matron
+above all pretended Churches throughout the whole earth," and to
+"further her interests more than his own earthly good." The oath of the
+_Jesuit_ binds him to the Pope, as "Christ's Vicar-General," by "all the
+saints and hosts of heaven," and to "denounce and disown any allegiance
+as due to Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+or officers." The oath of the _San Fedisti_, a secret Order established
+by the Papal government in 1821, binds them to sustain "the Papal altar
+and throne, and to exterminate heretics, without pity for the cries of
+children, or of men and women." The oath of the _Irish Ribbon Men_, an
+Order established by the Papal government, and introduced into this
+country by _Bedini_, the Pope's Nuncio, but a few years ago, binds him
+"to extirpate all heretics, and all the Protestants, and to walk in
+their blood to the knees." Is it not time to take the alarm, Governor,
+and to combine to resist all these secret oath-bound associations, which
+now threaten us with the loss of all that freemen and Protestant
+Christians hold dear on earth?
+
+It is a matter of utter astonishment to find a great political party in
+this country, most of whom are native-born Protestants, taking sides
+with a foreign Church, whose designs against this country, according to
+the avowals of the Duke of Richmond, lately Governor-General of Canada,
+are of the most wicked and fearful character! Speaking of this
+government, the Duke said in a public address, on our northern border:
+
+     "It will be destroyed: it ought not, and will not be permitted
+     to exist. The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+     wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+     example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+     his throne; and _the sovereigns of Europe are aware of it_, and
+     they have _determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+     understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+     to accomplish it_; and they will eventually succeed, by
+     SUBVERSION _rather than conquest_. All the low and surplus
+     population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+     into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+     and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+     for soldiers, or to supply the navies; _and the governments of
+     Europe will favor such a course_. This will create a surplus
+     and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+     and they will bring with them their principles, and in nine
+     cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+     governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion, and will
+     transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+     them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and by
+     the Constitution and laws will be invested with the right of
+     suffrage. Hence, discord, dissension, anarchy, and civil war
+     will ensue; and some popular individual will assume the
+     government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+     the emigrants, and many of the natives, will sustain him. The
+     Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+     time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+     destruction of that Republic. _I have conversed with many of
+     the sovereigns and princes of Europe; and they have unanimously
+     expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+     United States, and their determination to subvert it._"
+
+The monarchs of Europe, says the Duke of Richmond, will aid in sending
+us a surplus of "low, excitable, bad, and disaffected men," who will
+bring with them their principles, and will adhere to their foreign
+notions of government, laws, manners, customs, and religion--and that
+religion Catholic; and yet _you_, the "son of a now sainted father," of
+Protestant raising, have the brazen effrontery to call upon the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of an American Protestant Church
+to aid you, your corrupt party, and the monarchs of Europe, in
+destroying both our government and Church!
+
+Sir, it is passing strange that Protestant Christians and their children
+should be found side by side with you, Bishop Hughes, Gov. Johnson, and
+the thousands of bad men who are seeking to build up a Roman Hierarchy
+in this free country of ours! What do you promise the country and
+yourselves, if Romanism proves successful in this contest? The history
+of the past informs us that Rome has slain 1,000,000 of Albigenses and
+Waldenses; 1,500,000 Jews, in Spain; 3,000,000 Moors, in Spain. France
+will never forget St. Bartholomew's Night, when 100,000 souls perished
+in Paris alone! The blood of Protestants has fertilized the soil of
+England, Germany, and Ireland. I mean by this, that enough of Protestant
+blood has been shed to _enrich_ all the poor lands of England, Germany,
+and Ireland, if it were properly distributed. In all, the authentic
+records of the Romish Church show, (and of this she makes her boast,)
+that she has put to death SIXTY-EIGHT MILLIONS of human beings, for no
+other offence than that of being _Protestants_ in their religious faith!
+Average each person slain at four gallons of blood, and medical writers
+say a healthy person yields more, and it makes TWO HUNDRED AND
+SEVENTY-TWO MILLIONS OF GALLONS!--enough to overflow the banks of the
+Mississippi, and destroy all the cotton and sugar plantations in
+Mississippi and Louisiana!
+
+But you argue, in your blasphemous publication, that this is no longer a
+characteristic of the Romish Hierarchy. Why is it not? Has she ever
+changed for the better? When did she ever renounce these doctrines and
+practices? Never, no, never! Hers is the same tyrannical system
+now--where she has the power--that it always has been, and always must
+be, in the very nature of things! It is her boast, and the boast of her
+standard authors, that she is always right, and knows no change! And wo
+to this land of ours, if ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her whole
+system is adverse to our Republican institutions, and she hesitates not
+to declare it! _Brownson_ says in his Review:
+
+     "Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the _lying
+     world_, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+     the State, _summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+     Church, its divinely constituted judge_."
+
+No wonder, sir, that the American people are aroused! Such bold and
+startling avowals are calculated to arouse and unite the somewhat
+divided bands of Protestant Christians; to wake up a host of Luthers,
+Calvins, Cranmers, and Wesleys; to bind together "the heretics condemned
+in a mass." The very latest thing I have seen is the "Pastoral Letter"
+of the Bishops of the Province of St. Louis, just issued. That document
+explicitly says:
+
+     "We maintain the superiority of the _spiritual_ over the
+     _temporal_ order. We maintain that the temporal ruler is
+     _bound_ to conform his enactments to the Divine law. We
+     maintain that the Church is the supreme judge of all questions
+     concerning faith and morals; and that in the determination of
+     such question, the _Roman Pontiff, Vicar of Jesus Christ_,
+     constitutes a tribunal from which there is no appeal; and to
+     whose award all the children of the Church must yield
+     obedience."
+
+Now, sir, after this authoritative and official announcement, I don't
+want to see any more of your wire-drawn distinctions between spiritual
+and temporal allegiance to the Pope. These Bishops say that both are
+alike binding. Nor do I want to see any more of your malignant efforts
+to fix the _lie_ upon Mr. Wesley, for affirming in Europe, during the
+past century, what the Bishops of the United States have announced, in a
+Pastoral Address, in the present day!
+
+Pope Pius IX. has, by a special act, made the Virgin Mary the special
+patron of these United States; but the Protestants of this country have
+also made a decree, and that decree is, that Jesus Christ, and not the
+Virgin Mary, shall be the patron of these United States.
+
+And I am happy to have it in my power to inform you, notwithstanding the
+influence of your Address, that the "Bishops, Elders, and other
+Ministers" of the Methodist Church, both North and South, are ready to
+make a common, determined, prayerful effort to save our native land from
+the threatened slavery of submission to the decisions of the Council of
+Trent, and the equally corrupt conventions of Progressive Democracy!
+
+Assuming what is notoriously _false_--that the Know Nothings are in
+favor of all measures fatal to the South, and destructive to the
+Constitution--you ask on page 25 of your _infinitely infernal_ Address:
+
+     "What if a proposition be pending to repeal the Fugitive Slave
+     Law--the Kansas and Nebraska law--the rejection of a State
+     asking admission into the Union, because its constitution may
+     tolerate slavery?"
+
+You know, sir, that the 12th Plank in the Philadelphia Platform of the
+American party is a safer guaranty upon this slavery question, and the
+perpetuity of existing laws, than is to be found anywhere in the creeds
+of political parties. Here it is in full:
+
+     "The American party having arisen upon the ruins, and in spite
+     of the opposition of the Whig and Democratic parties, can not
+     be held in any manner responsible for the obnoxious acts or
+     violated pledges of either; and the systematic agitation of the
+     slavery question by those parties having elevated sectional
+     hostility into a positive element of political power, and
+     brought our institutions into peril, it has therefore become
+     the imperative duty of the American party to interpose, for the
+     purpose of giving peace to the country, and perpetuity to the
+     Union. And as experience has shown it impossible to reconcile
+     opinions so extreme as those which separate the disputants, and
+     as there can be no dishonor in submitting to the laws, the
+     National Council has deemed it the best guaranty of common
+     justice and of future peace, to abide by and maintain the
+     existing laws upon the subject of slavery, as a final and
+     conclusive settlement of that subject in spirit and in
+     substance.
+
+     "And regarding it the highest duty to avow their opinions upon
+     a subject so important, in distinct and unequivocal terms, it
+     is hereby declared as the sense of this National Council, that
+     Congress possesses no power, under the Constitution, to
+     legislate upon the subject of slavery in the States where it
+     does or may exist, or to exclude any State from admission into
+     the Union, because its Constitution does or does not recognize
+     the institution of slavery as a part of its social system; and
+     expressly pretermitting any expression of opinion upon the
+     power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+     Territory, it is the sense of the National Council that
+     Congress ought not to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+     within the Territories of the United States, and that any
+     interference by Congress with slavery as it exists in the
+     District of Columbia, would be a violation of the spirit and
+     intention of the compact by which the State of Maryland ceded
+     the District to the United States, and a breach of the national
+     faith."
+
+In the "wild hunt" for territory by the progressive Democracy, and their
+efforts to settle our Western lands with foreigners who are to a man
+Free Soilers and Abolitionists, the South has more to fear than from all
+other considerations. What is Gov. Johnson's iniquitous Homestead Bill,
+but a bid for foreigners? He proposes to give to the heads of families
+one hundred and sixty acres of land, thus _hiring_ all the convicts and
+paupers of Europe to come and settle in our Western States and
+Territories! Sir, but let your progressive, sublimated,
+double-distilled, converging-lines, Johnsonian Democracy bring into this
+Union one million of Spanish Papists--black, brown, sorrel, and
+tawny--under the guise of acquiring Cuba for the South: let them bring
+eight hundred thousand French and English Papists, under the name of
+acquiring Canada for the North: let them bring two millions of Mexican
+Papists--brown, tawny, red and black, being a mixture of all colors and
+all nations--under the specious pretence of "extending the area of
+freedom"--let all this be done--and your party, made up of native
+traitors, and foreign vagabonds, and Catholic paupers, are aiming at
+it--let it be done, I say, and farewell to liberty, and all that is
+sacred in this country! With five millions of Papists in our midst--four
+millions and a half being of foreign birth, and four millions speaking a
+foreign language--all taught from infancy to hate and detest
+Protestantism as a crime--an American party would become an absolute
+political necessity. Well do the Free Soil papers comprehend this
+matter. Hear the infamous but influential _Chicago Tribune_, one of your
+Douglass organs--one of your foreign Catholic organs. I quote from the
+paper itself:
+
+     "It is now a well-attested fact, that Atchison is a member of
+     the Superior Order of the Spangled Banner, or Know Nothings,
+     and that his infernal villainy in Kansas has been carried on
+     under the protection and patronage of the lodges in Western
+     Missouri. This is a matter that all men in the North should
+     understand, that Northern voters may be exceedingly cautious
+     how they give countenance or support to an Order that, in any
+     of its phases or localities, is capable of producing such
+     results. It is further said, that the members of that Kansas
+     Legislature, now outraging all sense of right and justice by
+     their devilish enactments, are the chosen men of the affiliated
+     Know Nothings in Missouri and Kansas, who back then up in
+     whatever thing they do. Atchison and his gang are the friends
+     of the Order, and through it and Southern Know Nothing support
+     they are sure that their efforts to establish a despotism in
+     the Territory, if necessary, at the point of the bayonet, will
+     be successful. These facts account for many things heretofore
+     inexplicable, and they develop the true reason of the hostility
+     of the border-ruffians to the foreign immigration that would,
+     under other circumstances, people that vast and fertile country
+     west of the Missouri."
+
+Thus it appears that a host of _lousy_ foreigners, fresh from the
+emigrant ships, in which they are brought over to this country as
+_ballast_--having the right to vote conferred upon them by an infamous
+_progressive_ Democratic feature in the Kansas Bill, were expected to
+get the control of affairs in Kansas. It further appears, however, that
+Senator Atchison and his pro-slavery associates supposed that, though
+fresh from their farms, and crossing the line of their State into the
+new Territory, they too had the right to vote without being
+_naturalized_ in Kansas. Hence, in the estimation of this Sag Nicht
+organ at Chicago, a great outrage is committed upon Germany, Ireland,
+and Italy!
+
+Sir, you need not lay the flattering unction to your soul, that you can
+drive the clergy generally from the noble stand they have taken upon
+this great question. Nor need you suppose, for one moment, that the
+American party are conquered, though defeated in several States in the
+recent elections. The party will remain true to its ends. Though it fail
+to command office, it cannot fail to exercise large power. Office is not
+always strength; but sometimes, nay, frequently, as in the case of the
+present Administration, weakness, as time will prove! The aim of the
+American party is, by fair party means, to correct a great social evil
+and political wrong; and if they cannot do that, to mitigate the evil
+and the wrong; if they cannot do that, to prevent its _further
+increase_; and if neither can be done, why, then I confess to you, the
+party will have failed. But, sir, if such a failure take place, rest
+assured that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the Methodist
+Church, South, will not help to bring about such a failure! We can
+afford to let such minions of party as you are, rave and rant, and
+publish their expositions, and issue their warnings to Churches: they
+will all serve to swell our ranks. All true American hearts, not chained
+to the car of party, or bound down by the cords of plunder, think alike
+upon the great questions that have called the American party into
+existence. Little do we regard the slanders of the pensioners of party.
+Let their speeches and publications teem with wholesale slanders of our
+creed: the political jockeyism of these thimble-riggers, as in your own
+case, is too apparent!
+
+From Maine to the shores of the Pacific the country is convulsed with
+intense excitement upon this subject. Shall Americans govern themselves,
+or shall Foreigners, unacquainted with our laws, and brought up under
+monarchical governments, rule? Shall those who are temporally and
+spiritually subject to a foreign prince be our legislators,
+post-masters, foreign ministers, and military leaders, and change our
+laws as they are directed by the Pope of Rome? Such results the American
+party have set out to prevent. The present excitement will not cease;
+true Americans and Protestants will labor and pray until our distracted
+country shall be redeemed from the influence of civil and ecclesiastical
+tyranny.
+
+Now, Governor, I have noticed all your charges, arguments, and appeals,
+but one, and that is the allegation that Methodist clerical Know
+Nothings are _conspirators_. Your argument is--and I wish to represent
+you correctly--"The offence of conspiracy is not confined to the
+prejudicing of a particular individual; it may be to injure public
+trade, to affect public health, or to _violate public policy_."
+
+You cite Blackstone's Commentary, and other English Law Books, to
+satisfy the Clergy as to the _law of conspiracy_. This done, you
+overwhelm them with this sage and logical conclusion:
+
+     "The gist of the offence of conspiracy consists in a
+     confederacy to do an _unlawful act_, and the offence is
+     complete when the confederacy is made."
+
+I will concede, for the sake of the argument, that this is sound law,
+and that yours is a logical deduction. Nay, I will concede more--I grant
+that it is an unlawful act for native Americans, and Protestant
+Christians, whether ministers or laymen, to resolve, or swear, as we
+Know Nothings have all done, that we will not vote for Catholics and
+Foreigners for public offices! I take the ground you do, that a man's
+vote is not his own, and that it is only to be disposed of by the
+leaders of the party with which he may act!
+
+And now, if you and I, both great men, and _Doctors of Law_, are correct
+in laying down the law, and the _privilege of voters in this free
+country_, what an infamous body of conspirators the Democrats are, and
+have always been! For a quarter of a century, they have conspired to
+keep the Whigs out of office--have succeeded in doing so most of that
+time--and have kept thousands of them who are poor from becoming rich!
+More recently, they have conspired with Abolitionists, Free Soilers,
+Fourierites, Spiritualists, Roman Catholics, Irish, French, and German
+paupers, and all manner of European convicts, to keep the American party
+out of office, and have succeeded in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia,
+Alabama, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and other States--thereby
+depriving the Americans of "lots" of money and honors, both of which
+they need, and both of which are their _birthrights_!
+
+The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom you address, in
+opposition to the great sin of _conspiracy_, would more cheerfully unite
+with you to enforce law and order, and to prosecute offenders, but for
+the fact that the _Abolition wing of your party_ once conspired against
+them, to deprive their wives, children, widows, and orphans, of their
+lawful portion of the great Book Concern in New York, and they were
+compelled to punish the conspirators, at great expense, however, in the
+District and Supreme Courts of the United States!
+
+But, Sir, upon the subject of _oaths_, you are eloquent, apt in your
+quotations of Scripture, and evince great learning in the legal
+profession! You charge that "Know Nothingism is both unchristian and
+unlawful, because of its _oaths_, which have no Scripture warrant for
+their administration!" One of your quotations from the Bible is this:
+"Swear not at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne: nor by the
+earth, for it is his footstool." Your mind has undergone a great change
+upon the subject of _oaths_ and _hard swearing_, since the 21st of
+June, 1845, when you delivered your celebrated "Mount Pisgah" speech at
+Athens. You then advised the people of the State to administer "horrible
+oaths," and to swear by the "_heavens_," aye, "God's throne." But then
+you were a Know Nothing. Here is what you say in your _revised_ copy of
+that memorable speech:
+
+     "Go up with me in imagination and stand for awhile on some
+     lofty summit of the Rocky Mountains. Let us take one ravishing
+     view of this broad land of liberty. Turn your face toward the
+     Gulf of Mexico: what do you behold? Instead of one lone star
+     faintly shining in the far distant south, a whole galaxy of
+     stars of the first magnitude are bursting on your vision and
+     shining with a bright and glorious effulgence. Now turn with me
+     to the west--the mighty west--where the setting sun dips her
+     disk in the western ocean. Look away down through the misty
+     distance to the shores of the Pacific, with all its bays, and
+     harbors, and rivers. Cast your eyes as far as the Russian
+     Possessions, in latitude fifty-four degrees and forty minutes.
+     What a new world lies before you! How many magnificent States
+     to be the future homes of the sons and daughters of freedom!
+     But you have not gazed on half this glorious country. Turn now
+     your face to the east, where the morning sun first shines on
+     this land of liberty. Away yonder, you see the immortal old
+     thirteen, who achieved our independence; nearer to us lie the
+     twelve or fifteen States of the great valley of the
+     Mississippi, stretching and reposing like so many giants in
+     their slumbers. O! now I see your heart is full--it can take in
+     no more. Who now feels like he was a party man, or a southern
+     man, or a northern man? Who does not feel that he is an
+     American, and thankful to Heaven that his lot was cast in such
+     a goodly land? When did mental vision ever rest on such a
+     scene? Moses, when standing on the top of Mount Pisgah, looking
+     over on the promised land, gazed not on a scene half so lovely.
+     O! let us this day _vow_ that whatever else we may do, by
+     whatever name we may be called, we will never surrender one
+     square acre of this goodly heritage to the DICTATION of any
+     king or potentate on earth. SWEAR IT! SWEAR IT! my countrymen,
+     and let HEAVEN RECORD THE VOW FOR EVER!"
+
+In conclusion, Governor, suffer a few words of advice, and I will bring
+this letter, already too long, to a close. You are advanced in years,
+nay, you have grown gray in the service of sin, and political intrigues;
+and at most you have not long to live. Cease your political aspirations,
+and turn your attention to future and eternal things! You have been a
+member of our State Legislature; subsequently, a member of Congress; and
+more recently the Governor of our State; honors and stations, to say the
+least of it, equal to your merits and talents!
+
+As a true "son of a now sainted father," from whom you have been
+separated for many years, so demean yourself in future, that you may not
+be separated, world without end! Humble yourself before God; confess
+your numerous sins; and instead of lecturing God's ministers upon the
+subject of party politics, ask them, with tears in your eyes, to pray
+for you! Exercise a living faith in Christ, who came down from heaven,
+and made upon the cross a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice,
+oblation, and satisfaction, for the sins of the whole world. Thus
+obtaining forgiveness, cease your Sunday discussions on political
+subjects; attend at the house of God, and set an example to other
+ungodly Sag Nichts, and lead a new and different life!
+
+Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+     _A Local Methodist Minister._
+
+
+
+
+GOVERNOR JOHNSON AND EDITOR EASTMAN.
+
+
+On the 9th of October, 1855, and while the Legislature was in session at
+Nashville, we delivered a speech to an immense crowd on the Public
+Square; which, after certain preliminary remarks, we will give to the
+public, just as it was spoken. The reason why the call was made on us to
+deliver the speech was, that we had, the previous weeks, delivered the
+same, in _substance_, at Shelbyville and Clarksville, and the American
+party at Nashville hearing of it, and approving what was said, desired
+us to repeat it; and, to be candid, we desired to repeat it there and
+then!
+
+Mr. Wise, of Virginia, gained great notoriety, in the spring of 1855, by
+his abuse and blackguardism, heaped upon the American party. He was
+successful; and Johnson, of Tennessee, whose ambition was to gain a more
+infamous notoriety, profiting by the example of Wise, plunged into the
+lowest depths of Billingsgate, and piled his vulgar epithets upon the
+party _indiscriminately_. Wise, then, like all inventors and
+originators, has had numerous _imitators_, and among the most successful
+of these are Johnson, of Tennessee; Stephens, of Georgia; and Clingman,
+of North Carolina. But as an adept in low Billingsgate slang, coarse
+blackguardism, and as a slanderer and maligner of better men than
+himself, Johnson has excelled his patron, Wise, and left far in the
+shades of the distant caverns of abuse, both Stephens and Clingman!
+
+To prepare the public mind for the degree of severity we used in
+reference to the Governor of the State, we will introduce as many as
+_five_ different extracts from his speeches, in his late canvass for
+Governor, at Murfreesboro' and Manchester; as reported by his partisan
+organ, the _Nashville Union_, and his _pliant tool_, its Abolition
+editor, _E. G. Eastman_:
+
+     "THE DEVIL, HIS SATANIC MAJESTY, THE PRINCE OF DARKNESS, WHO
+     PRESIDES OVER THE SECRET CONCLAVE HELD IN PANDEMONIUM, MAKES
+     WAR UPON ALL BRANCHES OF CHRIST'S CHURCH. THE KNOW NOTHINGS
+     ADVOCATE AND DEFEND NONE, BUT MAKE WAR UPON ONE OF THE
+     CHURCHES, AND THUS FAR BECOME THE ALLIES OF THE PRINCE OF
+     DARKNESS."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Murfreesboro'.
+
+     "A DENOMINATION LIKE THIS, TO SET UP AS THE GUARDIANS OF THE
+     RELIGION AND MORALS OF THE COUNTRY! A DENOMINATION BOUND
+     TOGETHER BY SECRET AND TERRIBLE OATHS: THE FIRST OF WHICH, ON
+     THE VERY INITIATION, FIXES AND REQUIRES THEM TO CARRY A LIE IN
+     THEIR MOUTHS."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Murfreesboro'.
+
+     "SHOW ME THE DIMENSIONS OF A KNOW NOTHING, AND I WILL SHOW YOU
+     A HUGE REPTILE, UPON WHOSE NECK THE FOOT OF EVERY HONEST MAN
+     OUGHT TO BE PLACED."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Manchester.
+
+     "THEY ARE LIKE THE HYENA, AND COME FROM THEIR LAIR AFTER
+     MIDNIGHT TO PREY UPON HUMAN CARCASSES."--[Speech of ANDREW
+     JOHNSON, at Manchester.
+
+     "I WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN THE CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL AS IN
+     A KNOW NOTHING COUNCIL."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at
+     Manchester.
+
+The _blackguard_ and _calumniator_ using this language, was elected by a
+majority of two thousand votes: that majority being cast by _Foreigners
+and illegal voters_; and consequently, his competitor, COL. GENTRY--than
+whom there is not a more talented, patriotic, and honorable gentleman in
+Tennessee--was fairly and justly elected. This, then, is the language
+used by the Governor of Tennessee, _towards a majority of the legal
+voters of the State_! Under these circumstances, we made the speech that
+follows, to an immense crowd on the Square: the correspondence preceding
+which, will explain itself:
+
+                                   NASHVILLE, Oct. 10th, 1855.
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW, ESQ.:
+
+     _Dear Sir_:--The undersigned, having heard your speech on the
+     Square, last night, respectfully request that you embody the
+     substance of the same, and publish it in the Knoxville Whig.
+     The desire to see it in print is very general; and those who
+     heard it approved its severity, without it were such as were
+     bitter against the American party.
+
+     Your friends,
+     CHARLES G. SMITH,
+     JOHN MORRISON,
+     F. M. BURTON,
+     ROBT. S. NORTHCUTT,
+     SAML. DAVIS.
+
+
+                                    NASHVILLE, Oct. 13th, 1855.
+
+     MESSRS. SMITH, MORRISON, AND OTHERS:
+
+     _Gentlemen_:--Your note requesting me to publish the substance
+     of my remarks on the Square, last Tuesday night, has been
+     received, and I would have replied sooner, but for my absence
+     at Shelbyville. I have now made the same speech at Clarksville,
+     Nashville, and Shelbyville; and my only regrets are, that my
+     engagements prevent me from delivering the same speech at every
+     point in this State, where Gov. Johnson held me up as the "High
+     Priest of the Order," and argued therefrom the _want of
+     respectability_ for the Order. In addition to your request, I
+     have had verbal applications from many gentlemen to publish my
+     remarks--gentlemen who have been mild and moderate throughout
+     their political course. I shall, therefore, comply with your
+     request and theirs, at my earliest convenience.
+
+     I hold that no man's position in life should shield him from
+     the rebukes he may merit by his bad conduct; and as for the
+     present Governor of Tennessee, his wholesale abuse of the
+     American party, towards whose members, without a single
+     exception, he has indulged in language which ought not to be
+     tolerated within the precincts of Billingsgate, no epithet is
+     too low, too degrading, or disgraceful, to pay him back in.
+
+     Respectfully, &c.,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+FELLOW-CITIZENS:--The occasion which has called you together to-night,
+is the special appointment of our young friend, Mr. Crowe, to whose
+eloquence we have all listened with pleasure. I have made no appointment
+to speak here; nor have I prompted the loud and long calls made upon me,
+this evening, by this large Nashville audience. I shall speak to you;
+but not upon the _issues_ of the late canvass, nor upon those of the
+approaching canvass of 1856. I will discuss _Andrew Johnson_ and _E. G.
+Eastman_; and if they are in the assembly, I hope they will come forward
+and take seats on this stand, that I may have the pleasure of looking
+them full in the face, as I denounce them in unmeasured terms: which is
+my purpose to-night, let the consequences be what they may!
+
+On a memorable night in August, after it was understood that _Andrew
+Johnson_ was reëlected to the office of Governor, a procession was
+formed in Knoxville, composed of the worst materials in that young and
+growing city--such as drunken, red-mouthed Irishmen, lousy Germans, and
+insolent negroes, with three or four men of respectable pretensions
+thrown in, to exercise a controlling influence over these bad materials.
+This riotous mob halted in front of my dwelling, in East Knoxville, and
+_groaned_ and _sang_ for my especial benefit: all which was natural
+enough--as they had triumphed over me in the election of a Governor. I
+took no offence at their rejoicing over the election of Gov. Johnson, as
+I told them; and for the reason, that I knew them to be of that class of
+men who would _actually need the exercise of the pardoning power_, at
+the hands of the present Governor, to release them from the
+penitentiary, before his present term of service would expire!
+
+From my humble dwelling, this _beautiful_ procession marched to the
+Coleman House, on Gay street, yelling like devils, and insulting the
+inmates of every house they passed. "Huzza for _Andy McJohnson_!"
+exclaimed one. "Three cheers for _Andy O'Johnson_!" exclaimed another.
+While, to cap the climax--"Well done, my _Johnsing_ and the _White
+Bastard_," (meaning _Basis_,) exclaimed a drunken negro! Halting in
+front of the Coleman House, the Governor elect mounted a goods box, and
+under feelings of great excitement, hatred, and malice, delivered a
+speech abusive of the whole American party, excepting none, in coarse,
+bitter language, in a style peculiarly his own--adapted alone to the
+foul precincts of Billingsgate--rounding his periods with a diabolical
+and infernal _grin_, alone suited to a display of oratory by a land
+pirate!
+
+I reported this slanderous speech--not in as offensive style--as it was
+delivered; for his _looks_ and _grins_ no man can report on paper. I
+also wrote the substance of what he said to Major Donelson, in a letter,
+of which I shall have something more to say before I leave this stand.
+Just here, I will repeat what the Governor did say, and what I reported
+him to have said in my paper. I wish this large audience to hear me
+distinctly, and to recollect the points I make; for I shall wind up on
+the Governor and his miserable tool, _Eastman_, with a degree of
+severity you have not been accustomed to, but which shall be warranted
+by the facts in each case.
+
+Gov. Johnson said this new party of self-styled Americans professed to
+have organized with a view to purify and reform the old political
+parties. A beautiful set, said he, to reform! The Order of Know Nothings
+was composed of the worst men in the Whig and Democratic parties. As a
+_sample_ of these men, he pointed out _Andrew J. Donelson_, by
+name--exclaiming as often as twice, _Who is Andrew J. Donelson?_ He is a
+soured, office-seeking, disappointed politician, who has been kicked out
+of the Democratic party. To illustrate his views more fully, he told the
+crowd to imagine a large gang of _counterfeiters_ out there! and an
+equally large gang of _horse-thieves_ out yonder! Take from these two
+companies the worst men in their ranks, form a third party of these, and
+you have a representation of this Know Nothing party. This was a
+beautiful party to propose reform, or to speak of other parties being
+corrupt! He was interrupted repeatedly; and I think I may safely say,
+among hands, they gave him the d----d lie fifty times! James M. Davis, a
+respectable mechanic, asked him if he would say that to Major Donelson's
+face? He replied, that he heard the hissing of an adder, or a goose, and
+went through with certain stereotyped phrases you have all heard from
+his lips. This call upon him by Mr. Davis was not named in my newspaper
+report, nor in my letter to Major Donelson. Indeed, I did not anticipate
+a denial of his abuse.
+
+Now, fellow-citizens, it was in this connection, as well as in the most
+offensive language, that Gov. Johnson introduced the name of Andrew J.
+Donelson, repeating it more than once, emphasizing upon it, and
+repeating it with scorn and bitterness. This is the report, _in
+substance_, I made of his speech through my paper, and in a letter I
+addressed to Major Donelson. And to the truth of my report, there are
+one hundred respectable gentlemen in Knoxville who will make oath upon
+the Holy Bible. There are now a half-dozen respectable gentlemen in this
+crowd who were in the street at Knoxville on that occasion, and heard
+every word the Governor said, and will sustain me in my account of it.
+Among these I will name Messrs. White and Armstrong, members of the
+House, Senator Rogers, Col. James C. Luttrell, and Mr. Fleming, the
+editor of the Knoxville Register.
+
+Well, gentlemen--and I am proud to have an opportunity of vindicating
+myself before so large a Nashville audience as this is--I say Major
+Donelson came to Nashville, after receiving intelligence of the abuse of
+the Governor, and was seen walking these streets with a _large and
+homely stick_ in his hand, looking _grum_, as any gentleman would do
+under the circumstances. The friends of Gov. Johnson seeing what would
+likely be the result of this affair, asked for, and very properly
+obtained that letter, with a view to laying it before their slanderous
+and abusive Executive officer, that he might _lie out of what he said_
+about an honorable and brave man; and thereby avoid the disgrace of a
+cudgelling! Did he lie out of the scrape? He did: aye, he _ingloriously
+lied out_ of what he had said--leaving Major Donelson no ground for any
+difficulty with him: although the Major had a right to suppose that any
+man base enough to make such charges, would have no hesitancy in lying
+out of his disreputable and cowardly abuse. I therefore pronounce your
+Governor, here upon his own dunghill, an UNMITIGATED LIAR AND
+CALUMNIATOR, and a VILLAINOUS COWARD, wanting the _nerve_ to stand up to
+his abuse of better men than himself!
+
+But it will be said that the Governor _proves_ me a liar, by a citizen
+of Nashville, who was present at Knoxville and heard his speech. That is
+so, but I prove both him and his witness liars, by a multitude of
+witnesses who were also present, and who are gentlemen of the first
+standing. But who is it that testifies that I have lied? It is _E. G.
+Eastman_, the editor of the Sag Nicht organ in this city. And who is _E.
+G. Eastman_? He is a dirty, lying, and unscrupulous Abolitionist, from
+Massachusetts, who once conducted an Abolitionist paper either in that
+State, or the State of New Hampshire. He was brought out to this State
+to lie for the unscrupulous leaders of his party. He is paid for
+_telling_ and _writing_ falsehoods, and would, if the interests of his
+party required it, and a consideration were paid him in hand, _swear
+lies_ as readily as he would write them down for publication. He is a
+poor devil, as void of truth and honor as he has shown himself to be of
+courage and resentment. He edits a low, dirty, scurrilous sheet; and,
+like his master, Gov. Johnson, never could elevate himself above the
+level of a common blackguard. No epithet is too low, too degrading, or
+disgraceful to be applied to the members of the American party, by
+either of these Billingsgate graduates. Decent men shun coming in
+contact with either of them, as they would avoid a night-cart, or other
+vehicle of filth. As some fish thrive only in dirty water, so the
+Nashville Union and American would not exist a week out of the
+atmosphere of slang and vituperation. A fit organ, this, for all who
+arrange themselves under the dark piratical flag of Andrew Johnson and
+his progressive Democracy. I am the more specific in reference to
+_Eastman_, because I understand he is in this assembly!
+
+But, fellow-citizens, I am not yet through with this Knoxville speech of
+the Governor. Maj. Donelson visited Knoxville, one month after this
+slanderous speech was made against him; he visited there upon the
+invitation of the American party, to address a Mass Meeting. I waited
+upon Maj. Donelson, upon his arrival, and found him at the house of
+Doct. Curry. I told the Major that I was tired of having questions of
+veracity between me and Governors and Ex-Governors of Tennessee, and
+that I desired that others should state to him what had been said by the
+Governor. Accordingly, different gentlemen, citizens of character,
+informed him that they were in the crowd and heard Johnson, and that he
+did say all that was attributed to him, both in the letter he had
+received from me, and in the two Knoxville papers. Consequently, when
+Maj. Donelson made his speech next day, he denounced the Governor as a
+miserable calumniator, and refuted his villainous charges, in a manner
+becoming the occasion, and with a frankness which carried with it a
+conviction of its truth, and gave satisfaction to his numerous friends.
+
+And now, gentlemen, I take occasion to state, that there is no longer an
+adjourned question of veracity between me and Johnson and Eastman. The
+issue is between Johnson and Eastman, on the one hand, and various
+respectable gentlemen of Knoxville, on the other hand. Either the
+Governor and his man Friday have basely lied, or a number of the
+citizens of Knoxville and vicinity, have testified to what is false. I
+assert, once more, that the Governor and his dirty Editor have lied out
+of the villainous abuse the former heaped upon better men than himself.
+And if their friends are willing to see them remain under the charge,
+the American party are satisfied with the settlement of the question.
+
+Fellow-citizens, while I am on the stand, I will notice some other
+points personal to myself. And before I enter upon these, I will call
+your attention to the wholesale abuse of the Governor, of some
+thirty-five or forty thousand voters in Tennessee. In his Murfreesboro'
+speech, he asserted that "_the Devil, his Satanic Majesty, presides over
+all the secret conclaves_" held by the Know Nothings, and that "_they
+are the allies of the Prince of Darkness_." I quote from his printed
+speeches from memory, but it will be found that I quote correctly. In
+that same speech, he asserts that all Know Nothings are "_bound by
+terrible oaths to fix and carry a lie in their mouths_!" In his
+Manchester speech, I believe it was, he called all members of the new
+party "_Hyenas_," and "_huge reptiles, upon whose neck the feet of all
+honest men ought to be placed_." And in this same speech he says he
+"WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN A CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL'S MEN, AS IN A KNOW
+NOTHING COUNCIL!"
+
+What an imputation upon nearly one half of the legal voters of
+Tennessee! He has used the most odious terms his _limited_ knowledge of
+the English language would enable him to employ, to deride, defame,
+insult, and blackguard every man who has joined the new party, or dares
+to act with them in politics. In the plenitude of his bitter and
+supercilious arrogance, Andrew Johnson has indulged in language against
+the entire American party, which would not be tolerated within the
+precincts of Billingsgate, or the lowest fish-market in London. And from
+Johnson to Shelby counties, during the entire summer, this low-flung and
+ill-bred scoundrel, pursued this same strain of vulgar and disgusting
+abuse. And whether speaking of the most enlightened statesman, the
+purest patriot, or the most pious clergyman, he pursued the same strain
+of abuse. With him, a vile demagogue, whose daily employment is to
+administer to the very worst appetites of mankind, no virtue, no honor,
+no truth, exists anywhere, but in the breasts of such as are either
+corrupt enough or fool enough to follow him, and a few malignant
+falsifiers who worship at his shrine. He is a wretched and vile caterer
+to the morbid foreign and Catholic appetite of this country. "It is a
+dirty bird that fouls its own nest," says the proverb; and it applies to
+this man Johnson with as much force as to the dirtiest of the feathered
+tribe.
+
+    "Where is the wretch, so lost, so dead,
+    Who never to himself hath said,
+      This is my _own_, MY NATIVE LAND!"
+
+He now disgraces the Executive Chair of this gallant State. Most of
+God's creatures, human and brute, have an attachment to "HOME, SWEET
+HOME;" but here is a contemptible and selfish demagogue who discards all
+such feelings, and would transfer his country and home to strangers and
+outlaws, to European paupers and criminals, if he could thereby receive
+a temporary election, or receive a pocket-full of money. For such a
+wretch I have no sympathy, and no feelings but those of scorn and
+contempt, and hence it is that I speak of him in such terms.
+
+On every stump in Tennessee, he held me up as "the High Priest of the
+Order," representing Col. Gentry as _my_ candidate. Since I came to
+Middle Tennessee, I have been informed that he pointed to the fancied
+fact that I was the head of the Order, as an evidence of _its utter want
+of respectability_. Turning up his nose, and grinning significantly, he
+would inquire, _Who is William G. Brownlow?_
+
+Now, gentlemen, since he makes this issue of _respectability_ with me, I
+will accept it. Since he throws down the glove, I will take it up, and I
+will show you that he is the last man on God's green earth to call in
+question the respectability of other men, or their families! It would be
+both cruel and unbecoming in me to speak of what the dishonest and
+villainous relatives of Gov. Johnson have done, if he conducted himself
+prudently, and did not abuse others with such great profusion. I am not
+aware of any relative of mine ever having been hung, sent to the
+penitentiary, or being placed in the stocks. I have no doubt that
+persons related to me, directly or remotely, have deserved such a fate
+long since. There is not a man in this vast assembly who can say, and
+tell the truth, that he has no mean kin. Can Gov. Johnson say so?
+Rather, can he say he has any other kind? He is a member of a numerous
+family of Johnsons, in North Carolina, who are generally THIEVES and
+LIARS; and though he is the best one of the family I have ever met with,
+I unhesitatingly affirm, to-night, that there are better men than Andrew
+Johnson in our Penitentiary! His relatives in the Old North State, have
+stood in the Stocks for crimes they have committed. And his _own born
+cousin_, Madison Johnson, was hung in Raleigh, for murder and robbery! I
+told him of this years ago, in Jonesboro', and he denied it, and put me
+to the trouble of procuring the testimony of Gov. John M. Morehead to
+prove it! The Governor was petitioned to pardon Madison Johnson, and
+declined, as he knew he suffered justly. This explains why this
+_scape-gallows_ has been so bitter against Whig and Know Nothing
+Governors. They have been so unfeeling, as to suffer his dear relatives
+to _pull hemp without foothold_, when a jury of twelve honest men have
+said that they deserved death! Is he not one of the last men living to
+talk about a want of respectability on the part of any one? Certainly he
+is!
+
+Well, gentlemen, Johnson is again the Governor of Tennessee; but if he
+could be mortified, he would have the mortification to know that he is
+the Governor with a majority of the _legal native votes of the State_
+cast in opposition to him. We all committed one capital blunder in the
+late canvass, and that alone defeated Gentry, and elected Johnson. We
+copied from the Book of Pardons a list of FORTY-SEVEN names of culprits
+pardoned out of our State Prison by Johnson--some for negro-stealing,
+some for counterfeiting, house-breaking, rape, and other _Democratic_
+measures--more pardons than all his "illustrious predecessors" ever
+granted. In copying this list, we said to the voters of the State that
+Johnson had spoken his honest sentiments when he said he preferred
+being among a clan of Murrell men, to being found in a Know Nothing
+Council; and in the same breath we assured them that if Gentry was
+elected, he would let all such rascals stay in prison as long as the
+courts of the country decreed they should. And while thousands of
+honorable, high-minded men voted for Johnson, under the lash of party,
+or because they were blinded by his glaring demerits, it is not to be
+disguised that all the _petit larceny_ and _Penitentiary men_ in the
+State voted for him. There never was a time in Tennessee when there were
+not five thousand voters who either _had been stealing_, or _intended to
+steal_! These would naturally look to where they would find a friend, in
+the event of their being overtaken by justice. In the person of Andrew
+Johnson, they felt assured of "a friend indeed, because a friend in
+_need_." He had publicly told them that he preferred the company of
+Murrell men to the society of the most respectable lawyers, doctors,
+preachers, farmers, and mechanics in the State, who met in certain
+councils. The fact of his turning so many Murrell men out of the State
+Prison, and of his having been _raised up in such society_, left no
+doubt of the sincerity of his profession!
+
+In conclusion, fellow-citizens, if Gov. Johnson cannot lawfully canvass
+the State a _third_ time for the office he now fills, I hope the
+Legislature will legalize such a race by a special act, and I propose to
+be the candidate against him. I will show the people of the State in his
+presence, from the same stand, who are Murrell men, and who are not able
+to look honest men in the face!
+
+If I have said any thing to-night offensive to your Governor, or any of
+his friends or understrappers in this city, they know where to find me.
+When I am not on the streets, I can be found at No. 43, on the lower
+floor of Sam Scott's City Hotel, opposite the ladies' parlor. I shall
+remain here for the next ten days only, and whatever punishment any one
+may wish to inflict upon me, it must be done in that time. I say this,
+not because I seek a difficulty, but because I don't intend it shall be
+said that I made this speech and took to flight!
+
+I thank you, gentlemen, for the patience with which you have heard me in
+a matter personal to myself, and I hope you are prepared to acquit me of
+lying in the Donelson case, although Gov. Johnson and Editor Eastman
+bear testimony against me. I thank you, and now bid you good night!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We beg leave to add, that in March, 1842, Andrew Johnson laid hold of us
+in a speech in Blountville, when we were in Jonesborough, distant twenty
+miles. He held up a picture or drawing of us, and accompanied it with
+many abusive remarks. In turn, we held him up in the Whig of the 29th of
+the same month, and gave his _pedigree_ in full, and with it a
+_representation of his cousin Madison Johnson, under the gallows_ in
+Raleigh!
+
+The first Monday in April following, Johnson spoke in Jonesborough, and
+denied _most solemnly that he ever had a relative by the name of Madison
+Johnson--denied that a man of that name had ever been hung in
+Raleigh--and asserted that the man hung there in 1841 was by the name of
+Scott--a nephew, he said, of General Winfield Scott!_ This bold denial,
+made in the presence of a large and anxious crowd, overwhelmed us _for
+the time being_, as Johnson was raised in the vicinity of Raleigh, and
+had learned his trade there. He was supposed to know, and for the moment
+we were branded with falsehood. To aid him in his war upon us, the
+"_Jonesborough Sentinel_," Johnson's organ, came out upon us, and
+noticed his denial of our charge and his speech, in an article of which
+the following is an extract:
+
+     "Brownlow said, some time back, that Col. Johnson had a cousin
+     hung in North Carolina. The Colonel developed the fact the day
+     he used up or skinned Brownlow alive in Jonesborough, _that
+     instead of its being his cousin, it was the nephew of Gen.
+     Winfield Scott_, now a _quasi_ Coon candidate for the
+     Presidency. Brownlow _is so silent_!"
+
+After this, the Sentinel noticed us again, and this notice drew out
+WESTON R. GALES, the then editor of the Raleigh Register, in the
+following:
+
+     EDITORIAL COMPLIMENTS.
+
+     "We find the following editorial in the 'Jonesboro' (Tenn.)
+     Sentinel,' a Locofoco print, in relation to the editor of the
+     'Jonesboro Whig:'
+
+     "BROWNLOW made an awkward attempt last week to caricature a
+     person who was hung some years ago in North Carolina, whom he
+     termed the cousin of Col. JOHNSON. But it turns out to have
+     been the nephew of Gen. WINFIELD SCOTT, a distinguished Coon
+     leader. Poor BROWNLOW!--it ought to be his time next. Wonder
+     how many hen-roosts he robbed last summer?"
+
+     "We have nothing to do with whose time it is to be hung next,
+     nor with the number of hen-roosts robbed, nor by whom robbed,
+     but we will take occasion to correct the 'Sentinel' as to the
+     person hung here 'some years ago.'
+
+     "In the spring of 1841, a man named MADISON JOHNSON was hung in
+     this place for the murder of HENRY BEASLEY, but we were not
+     aware that he was any relation of Col. JOHNSON, if it be meant
+     thereby Col. R. M. JOHNSON, of Kentucky. He was, however,
+     connected with A. JOHNSON, the candidate for Congress in the
+     Jonesboro' District, MADISON and he being first cousins.
+
+     "The last man hung in this place by the name of SCOTT, was
+     MASON SCOTT, in 1820, and if the 'Sentinel' means to reflect
+     upon the Whig party by saying he was a nephew of Gen. WINFIELD
+     SCOTT, a 'distinguished Coon leader,' we are willing for him to
+     indulge in such misstatements.
+
+     "IF THE 'SENTINEL' HAD TAKEN THE TROUBLE TO CONSULT MR. A.
+     JOHNSON ON THE SUBJECT, HE WOULD HAVE SATISFIED HIM OF THE
+     FACTS, AS HE WAS IN THIS CITY ABOUT THE TIME MADISON WAS
+     EXECUTED."
+
+It will be seen, that while Johnson was uttering his _solemn but false
+denial_ at Jonesborough, he _knew he was lying_, for he was in Raleigh
+"_about the time Madison was executed!_"
+
+But we told our friends to hold on, to have patience, and to give us
+time, and we would make good our charge. Accordingly, in the same issue
+in which we brought out this extract from the Raleigh Register, we
+published the following letter from Gov. MOREHEAD, in answer to one we
+had written him:
+
+                                    RALEIGH, 24th April, 1843.
+
+     [EXECUTIVE OFFICE.]
+
+     "DEAR SIR--I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours
+     of the 14th inst., requesting me to inform you what was the
+     name of the man hung in Raleigh in the spring of 1841.
+
+     "His name was MADISON JOHNSON. His case was taken to the
+     Supreme Court, and you will find it reported, December Term,
+     1840, vol. 1st, page 354, Iredell's Reports.
+
+     "He was hung for the murder of Henry Beasley. A strong effort
+     was made to procure a pardon for him; but believing his case a
+     clear murder, I refused to grant it.
+
+     "The only man named Scott that was ever convicted of murder at
+     this place, was Mason Scott, in 1820.
+
+     "You will find his case reported in the reports of the Supreme
+     Court, January Term, 1820, 1st Stark's Reports, page 24.
+
+     "I am not aware that any other man named Scott was ever
+     convicted of a capital offence in this county.
+
+     "I have the honor to be
+
+     "Your most ob't serv't,
+
+     "J. M. MOREHEAD."
+
+     "Rev. W. G. BROWNLOW."
+
+In conclusion, after this letter appeared, and Johnson was elected, he
+sent an appointment to Raleigh, for a speech--attended there, and
+blackguarded and vilified "Morehead and Brownlow" for two hours. He made
+the _letter_ of Morehead the pretext for his abuse, but the real cause
+was the Governor's refusal to _pardon his cousin_. Johnson was there to
+procure his pardon, and brought every appliance to bear within his
+power, but the North Carolina Governor was inflexible in the discharge
+of his sworn duty! We do not make the point against Johnson that he has
+_mean kin_, only so far as it may _offset_ his abuse of others, for who
+of us are without mean kinsfolks? But our point is, his _deliberate
+lying_ before a Jonesboro' audience!
+
+
+
+
+From the Knoxville Whig of Dec. 1, 1855.]
+
+GOVERNOR JOHNSON'S THANKSGIVING DAY.
+
+
+As the sixth of the present month has been set apart by our Governor, to
+be observed as a day of prayer and thanksgiving to Almighty God for his
+numerous and unmerited mercies conferred upon the people of our State
+and nation; and as it is desirable that the different sects shall act in
+concert on the occasion, and at least pray "with the understanding,"
+that is to say, _appropriately_, we have been at the trouble to prepare
+a form of prayer for the occasion. This we do in no irreverend spirit,
+but in all candor and sincerity, after this wise:
+
+ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, in whom we live, and move, and have our
+being: we, thy needy creatures, render thee our humble praises, for thy
+preservation of us from the beginning of our lives to this day of public
+thanksgiving, and especially for having delivered us from all the
+dangers and afflictions of the year about to close. By thy knowledge,
+most gracious God, the depths were broken up during the past seed-time
+and harvest, and the rains descended: while by night the clouds
+distilled the gentle dew, filling our barns with plenty: thus crowning
+the year with thy goodness, in the increase of the ground, and the
+gathering in of the fruits thereof. And we beseech thee, O most merciful
+Father, give us a just sense of this great mercy: such as may appear in
+our lives, by an humble, holy, and obedient walking before thee all our
+days!
+
+To thy watchful providence, O most merciful God, we are indebted for all
+our mercies, and not any works or merit of ours; for many of us entered
+into the scramble to elevate to the Executive Chair of the State the
+present incumbent, with a perfect knowledge that he had abused thy Son,
+JESUS CHRIST, our Lord, on the floor of our State Senate, as a swindler,
+advocating unlawful interest: we knew that he had voted in Congress
+against offering prayers to thee: we knew that he had opposed the
+temperance cause, which is the cause of God and of all mankind: we knew
+that he had vilified the Protestant religion, and slandered the
+Protestant clergy, defending and eulogizing the corruptions of the
+Roman Catholic Church, throughout the length and breadth of our State;
+yet such was the force of party ties, O most mighty God, that we went
+into the support of our INFIDEL GOVERNOR blind, and, by our zeal in his
+behalf, gave the lie to our professions of piety, rendered ourselves
+hateful in the eyes of all honest and consistent men, meriting a degree
+of punishment we have never received! We do most heartily repent, O
+merciful God, for these shameful sins: we humble ourselves in lowest
+depths of humility, and ask forgiveness of a God whom we have justly
+provoked to anger, and the forgiveness of our insulted brethren, whom we
+have wickedly blackguarded, to the great injury of the cause of Christ!
+
+O most merciful God, who art of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, turn
+not a deaf ear to our supplications on this day, because the day has
+been set apart by a Governor who really does not subscribe to the
+Christian religion; does not attend Divine service; who swears
+profanely; and has insulted Heaven and outraged the feelings of all
+pious Christians, by teaching the blasphemous sentiment that
+Christianity is of no higher or holier origin than his Democracy! Have
+mercy, our Father and God, upon that portion of this congregation who
+have endeavored to find peace to their souls by travelling along the
+"converging lines" of a spurious Democracy, in search of the foot of
+"Jacob's Ladder," and give them repentance and better minds! And do
+thou, O God of pity, show all such, that instead of ascending to heaven
+on an imaginary "Ladder," they are chained fast to the Locomotive of
+Hell, with the Devil for their Chief Engineer, the Pope of Rome as
+Conductor, and an ungodly Governor as Breakman; and that, at more than
+railroad speed, they are driving on to where they are to be eternally
+punished by Him whom thou hast appointed the Judge of quick and dead,
+thy Son JESUS CHRIST, our Lord. Amen!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig of May 24, 1856.]
+
+THE FOREIGN SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED.
+
+
+The following correspondence will explain itself, whilst it will serve
+to show the spirit which governs this Bogus Foreign Catholic Democracy:
+
+                                    RICHMOND, April 21, 1856.
+
+     REV. AND DEAR SIR:--It cannot be unkind in me, though
+     personally unknown to you, to address you on a subject in which
+     our peace as citizens is alike concerned. I see in the
+     Fincastle Democrat of 18th inst. what purports to be a review
+     of an article of yours in the Knoxville Whig of 5th inst., in
+     which I suppose, from the remarks contained in the Democrat, I
+     have been very, _very_ severely handled by you, for an offence
+     I never committed. You will allow me to say, sir, that I have
+     no recollection of ever writing or speaking a disrespectful
+     word of you in all my life, but, on the contrary, have
+     frequently spoken approvingly of much you have written. Such
+     being the fact, you will not be surprised to learn how deeply I
+     regret that the purest innocence on my part has failed to be a
+     protection against personal abuse. That you have been misled by
+     some person, is to my mind very plain, and if, through the
+     influence of another, you have inflicted a wound upon one that
+     never harmed you, nor ever designed to harm you, is it not
+     within the range of a generous nature--of an honest man--to
+     repair the injury by at once giving up to the injured party the
+     name of the deceiver, or publish him to the world as authority
+     for the assault, and let him assume its responsibilities?
+
+     In a change of circumstances, I should feel bound, by the honor
+     of a man, to do that much, and in my present relation to the
+     case I ask nothing more. It is perhaps due to you to be
+     informed, that I have not seen your article, nor do I know a
+     word it contains, and it is due to myself to say that I knew
+     nothing of the article in the Democrat assailing you, till I
+     saw it in print some hundred of miles from home, where I have
+     not yet arrived after an absence of nearly two months. On the
+     subject of dues, I may add that it is due to the public that
+     the name of the deceiver be given them. I of course suppose him
+     to be a man of great personal courage, ready to assume all his
+     own responsibilities. In conclusion, permit me to say, that any
+     effort on your part to aid in concealing the hand that uses the
+     dagger in the dark, will detract largely from the estimate I
+     have placed upon your character, as a man without hesitation or
+     fear, when the claims of justice are presented. My address is
+     Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., and I am very respectfully,
+
+     S. D. HOPKINS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    KNOXVILLE, May 21st, 1856.
+
+    REV. S. D. HOPKINS:
+
+    SIR--Through the weakness, mismanagement, and culpable
+    remissness of the contemptible Jesuit now at the head of the
+    Post Office Department, and his numerous lackeys--all of whom
+    you sustain in their politics--a letter written by you one month
+    ago was received a few days since, while I was absent at a Know
+    Nothing Convention, aiding my political brethren in placing
+    before the people of this Congressional District an electoral
+    candidate, to aid in the great Christian and patriotic work of
+    overthrowing the corrupt, profligate, unprincipled, Foreign
+    Catholic Bogus Democratic party, of which _you_ are a member,
+    and in the service of which you are an editor! But my delay in
+    replying to your letter shall be atoned for in the _length_ and
+    _plainness_ of my reply.
+
+    It is true, sir, that I published an editorial in my paper, of
+    some severity against you; but the article was in _reply_ to a
+    low, cowardly, and abusive editorial against me in the
+    "Fincastle Democrat," of which you are the editor. And "you will
+    allow me to say, sir," that at the time this attack was made
+    upon me in _your_ paper, I never had said a word about you or
+    your paper in my life, either "good, bad, or indifferent;" and
+    "if through the influence of another you have inflicted a wound
+    upon one that never harmed you, is it not within the range of a
+    generous nature--of an honest man"--to repair the injury by
+    taking back the article, and apologizing through the same medium
+    for the injury? If, however, you believe you have not "been
+    misled by some person," and have done me no more than justice in
+    that abusive article, hold on to it. Having made oath that the
+    horse is _fifteen feet high_, allow of no correction!
+
+    In all frankness, you must permit me to say, that I believe you
+    expected to find in the office on your return to Fincastle, a
+    letter from me demanding your authority for admitting into your
+    paper such an article against me, who, as you very well knew, up
+    to that hour had never said one word, publicly or privately,
+    against you or your paper. I think you concluded to _take the
+    start of me_, and thus to _forestall_ me, by writing from
+    Richmond some twenty-four hours before you would arrive at home!
+
+    In your paper of the 18th of April, issued only three days
+    before this letter was written at Richmond, an editorial of half
+    a column appears, in which _your_ paper styles me a "notorious
+    blackguard"--a "bullying blackguard"--an "unwanted and lying
+    man"--who "is mean enough to lie, cheat, or even steal"--a man
+    "wearing the garb of righteousness to serve the Devil in;" and
+    in the same article, the case of a Locofoco editor, who was
+    involved in a shooting scrape on account of his attack upon a
+    lady, is actually attributed to ME! Although you are a Reverend
+    Methodist Preacher, and a grave and dignified Steam Doctor,
+    conducting one of the organs of the Foreign and Anti-American
+    party in Virginia, you must pardon me for saying, as I now do,
+    that in calling upon me for my authority for what I had said in
+    reply to the unmitigated abuse of _your_ paper, you have proven
+    to my mind, that if you do not possess the cool and collected
+    impudence of the _Devil_, you are at least possessed of the
+    lion-headed impudence of an unprincipled Sag Nicht partisan,
+    hired to do the dirty work of an equally unprincipled and dirty
+    organization!
+
+    But it is due to the history of this controversy that I should
+    say, this second attack upon me sets forth that you are from
+    home, and that "the _Junior_ is responsible for the article."
+    This might be credited, if, on your return home, you had
+    protested against such abuse, but it seems from your silence to
+    have met with your heart's approval, and gave "general
+    satisfaction," at least to _you_! It is true that you were
+    absent at the time of both these publications, but it does not
+    follow, as a matter of course, that you were not the veritable
+    author, and that they did not find their way to the "Democrat"
+    office at the same time and in the same way that your "Baltimore
+    Correspondence" got there. The "Junior," as he styles himself,
+    claims the fraternity; and were it not that he is too well known
+    in Fincastle for any sane man to believe that _he_ wrote the
+    articles, he might have the credit (if credit there be attached
+    to it) of so low, malicious, and lying articles. But he is known
+    in Fincastle to be a brainless man, and to be incapable of
+    writing a paragraph on any subject. He is known to have no use
+    of language, and to be incapable of applying epithets to any
+    one. So that, if _you_ did not write these articles, they were
+    manufactured at "Irish Corner," in Fincastle, your "Junior" not
+    being able to do it, for the reason that he is wholly incapable.
+    My opinion is, that the articles were manufactured by the "Great
+    Mogul" of the Anti-American party in your town, and if he will
+    only avow himself the author, I will make some disclosures upon
+    him that will make him wish himself back in "Swate Ireland,"
+    where he "lives, and moves, and has his being;" no disclosures
+    are necessary--his books, and his person, damn him to
+    everlasting infamy. He has the filthiest-looking mouth, and the
+    most offensive breath, of any man in the Valley of Virginia. No
+    man who knows him will meet him square on the pavement, or place
+    himself in a position, if it can be avoided, of meeting a breeze
+    from that great reservoir of all nastiness, his mouth! It is
+    really a wonder how any human being can LIVE, and emit all the
+    time a stream of such overwhelming and uninterrupted STENCH! You
+    must permit me to christen this man as the But-Cut of Original
+    Sin, and the Upper-crust of all Nastiness!
+
+    It may not set well upon your stomach, that being a "Minister of
+    the Gospel, and having the care of souls," I should seem not to
+    place implicit confidence in your denial of any participation in
+    this unprovoked war upon me. I will be candid with you, and
+    though it is possible for me to be mistaken in my views, still,
+    if I am, I am honestly deceived. I have no confidence in the
+    moral honesty and Christian integrity of any Protestant
+    Preacher, of any denomination, in this country, who openly
+    arrays himself against the American party, and takes the side of
+    the Catholics, Foreigners, and self-styled Democrats associated
+    with them. Nor will I hear one such preach or pray, if I know
+    him to be such, and can get out of his hearing. The growing
+    light and improvements of this age forbid that an intelligent
+    and pious man and minister should identify himself with that
+    party. And the fiery genius, corrupting tendencies, and
+    uncompromising intolerance of that party, are rapidly driving
+    good and true men out of the party.
+
+    There never was a time since the division of parties in this
+    country, when I had so little confidence in what is called the
+    Democratic party as at present; and as at present organized and
+    constituted, I believe it to be the most corrupt organization.
+    It is made up of the odds and ends of all factions and parties
+    on the continent, and is one of the most anomalous combinations
+    of fanaticism, idolatry, prostitution, crime, and absurdities
+    conceivable! The _isms_ composing the party of which you are a
+    member, are: Abolitionism; Free-soilism; Agrarianism;
+    Fourieritism; Millerism; Radicalism; Woman's Rightsism; Mobism;
+    Mormonism; Spiritualism; Locofocoism; Higher-Lawism; Foreign
+    Pauperism; Anti-Americanism; Roman Catholicism; Deism, and
+    modern Sag Nichtism! All this tide of fanaticism and error,
+    originating North of Mason and Dixon's Line, went for Pierce in
+    the last Presidential contest: they are with that party now,
+    against the American party; and it is bad company in which to
+    find a Protestant minister! Yet, miserable Protestants hesitate
+    not to commend these enemies of the natural rights of man, and
+    of the Christian religion, as being just as good Christians as
+    their neighbors!
+
+    "Oh! judgment, thou hast fled to brutish beasts; And men have
+    not their reason!"
+
+    But, Doctor, why were you at Baltimore? Why, sir, during the
+    past year, you and other conscientious Methodists took it into
+    your heads to arraign a young man who was travelling your
+    circuit, Mr. Hall, and, for the Church's good, to have him
+    expelled, whose great sin was that he was a _Know-Nothing_, or
+    sympathized with the Order! The authorities of the Church, after
+    a patient hearing of the whole case, pro and con, acquitted the
+    young man. You followed him up to the Annual Conference, as the
+    representative of and attorney for Sag Nichtism. The Conference
+    acquitted the young preacher again, and sent him to an
+    enlightened circuit in Maryland. This so offended you, and your
+    patriotic, not to say _pious_ associates, that, for the Church's
+    good, they resigned their stewardship in the Church, and were
+    so offended at the course of the Presiding Elder, _Rev. M.
+    Goheen_, than whom there is not a more modest, unassuming,
+    conservative Christian gentleman in the Valley of Virginia,
+    that, at a recent Quarterly Meeting there, they refused to
+    attend church, or to hear him preach. This is just the spirit
+    that actuates your party, everywhere.
+
+    You demand of me the name or names of such person or persons as
+    have given me information in reference to you. Reconsider this
+    demand, if you please, and ask yourself if, under all the
+    circumstances, it is not a cool piece of impudence. I have
+    published nothing about you upon the authority of others, but
+    upon my own authority and responsibility. You _suspect_ some of
+    your neighbors for writing to me, and hence you make this
+    demand. It is true, I have friends in Fincastle, and some of
+    these write to me, and when I publish any thing about you, or
+    any one of your associates, and give these friends of mine as
+    authority, I will give you their names, if called upon to do so;
+    or I will assume the responsibility myself. What I have said in
+    reply to the wicked, slanderous, and cowardly assault upon me,
+    in the dirty paper controlled by you, I have said upon my own
+    responsibilities, as a man, and as a member of the same Church
+    to which you belong; and whether my "peace as a citizen" is
+    preserved or destroyed, I am not the man to be intimidated or
+    driven from my position. My failure to give you the names of any
+    citizens of your vicinity, who may have written me private
+    letters, relating to your war upon young Hall, the Circuit
+    Preacher, "will detract largely from the estimate you have
+    placed upon my character." This I am sorry to hear, as I do not
+    wish to fall below the "estimate" placed upon my character in
+    the two issues of your paper, now before me! This would be
+    reaching "a lower deep," as the poet classically styles it!
+
+    Now, sir, I have a letter from a town in Virginia, not far
+    distant from Fincastle, written by a gentleman of as "great
+    personal courage" as you or myself, who states, that a gentleman
+    who was present at the trial of Rev. Mr. Hall, heard you make
+    the assertion, on that occasion, that you alone were responsible
+    for all the editorials that appeared in the "Democrat," and that
+    the "Junior" partner was not! If you think proper to make an
+    issue with this gentleman, you can have his name!
+
+    I am, Dr. Hopkins, your humble servant,
+
+                              W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+                                  _Editor of the Knoxville Whig._
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig.]
+
+TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE.
+
+
+VILLAINOUS SIR:--Letters from my friends in the West inform me that you
+are making a full team in the service of the Devil, Locofocoism, and
+crime, in portions of Missouri and Kentucky! You have recently held
+forth in Charleston, a pleasant post-village, the capital of Mississippi
+county, Missouri, about six miles south-west of the "Father of Waters!"
+In that town you undertook to inform the good people, the Circuit Judge
+being present, _who I am_, and to demonstrate that I am not entitled to
+credit in any thing I say! You claimed to have once lived in East
+Tennessee--to know the people and the country--and to have known William
+T. Senter and James Y. Crawford, two other Methodist preachers, whose
+_pedigrees_ you pretend to give!
+
+Mr. Senter was an able man--a moral and upright man--and a Whig
+Representative in Congress, from the District you represented _in the
+jail of Sullivan county_, for a long time previous to your being
+_branded in the hand and on the cheeks_, for MANSLAUGHTER, the
+particulars of which I will remind you of before I close this familiar
+letter! Mr. Senter could have gone to Congress longer, but voluntarily
+retired. Mr. Crawford was a brother-in-law to Mr. Senter, and was a
+preacher of respectable talents, and in good standing in his Church.
+They are both in their graves, beyond the reach of your malice, where
+the sound of your infamous voice, and the words of your lying tongue,
+can never penetrate their ears! But I am still above ground, daily
+kicking, and making war upon the Locofoco Paupers and Foreign Catholics,
+as well as Native Traitors, with whom you are associated, and with whom
+you act in politics. I acknowledge myself to be game for you to hunt
+down!
+
+You are now a _Campbellite preacher_ as well as a _Sag Nicht
+Missionary_; and the garb of religion you wear, gives a degree of weight
+to your falsehoods and slanders, among strangers, that they otherwise
+would not have. The idea of "_Stev Tribble_," who ingloriously fled from
+this country for crimes he could not meet in open court, being a
+preacher, and itinerating through the West, "in search of the lost sheep
+of the house of Israel," is so ridiculous, as scarcely to be believed at
+all, although there is no doubt but what he has been regularly installed
+in Kentucky, and now has the "care of souls."
+
+Why, you unmitigated old villain, your whole career, from your "youth
+up," has been one of crime and revolting blackguardism. While a boy and
+a young man, where Hoss's school was taught in Washington county, your
+vulgar conversation, immoral practices, indecent habits, and
+blackguardism, disgusted the entire neighborhood, and rendered you so
+odious that no decent family would board you! All the waters of the
+far-famed _Jordan_, in the palmiest days of that bold stream, were not
+sufficient to wash your sins away! If the Lord Bishop of London were to
+_immerse_ you as often as "seventy times seven," in the waters of "bold
+Jordan," and in the name of the holy Trinity, you would still remain
+what you were when you fled from this country to avoid the extreme
+penalty of the law--one of the greatest scoundrels for whom Christ died!
+
+Yourself and half-brother _Havron_ were confined in Blountville Jail,
+for the murder of _William Humphreys_, a promising young man, whom you
+brutally assaulted and murdered in open daylight in the streets of
+Kingsport, in Sullivan county, and without provocation! _You_ were tried
+and convicted of _manslaughter_, and branded in the _hand_ and on the
+_cheek_. After being branded, you _bit the letters out of your hand_,
+and _clawed them out of your face_, but the _scars_ are to be seen in
+both. Indeed, I have been written to, to know why these scars are on
+your face! I take this method of answering those inquiries; and
+publishing them in my "Whig," which has a circulation of 5,000, and our
+"Campaigner," which circulates 7,000 copies, I shall be able to
+introduce you to as many persons as may have heard you preach my
+funeral.
+
+While in the Blountville Jail, with your half-brother, Havron, whose
+blow killed Humphreys, after you had weakened him, you caught hold of
+the jailor, Montgomery Irvin, and held him in a scuffle, when he entered
+the room with your dinner, until Havron made his escape. Havron would
+have pulled hemp, had he not escaped; and had our penitentiary system
+existed at that time, you would have been sentenced for life! But you
+would not have remained there longer than the past summer, as we have a
+Governor who pardons out all such men, and has more sympathies for them
+than any other Executive Officer in the nation. You have a half-brother
+who is a Sag Nicht member of our Legislature, and a great friend and
+supporter of our Governor and his foreign associates, and he could have
+turned you out and procured for you an office if you had remained. But
+then you followed the teachings of "the spirit" of Sag Nichtism, in
+leaving between two days, and emigrating to Kentucky, as many precious
+souls would never have "heard the word," or had their sin washed away,
+but for you!
+
+In an unmentionable and disgraceful enterprise, you became possessed of
+a _broken leg_, and were mean enough to abscond without paying the bill
+of your physician, Dr. Patton, whose unremitting attention saved you
+from your grave, and from the clutches of the Devil, sooner than the old
+fellow was prepared for your reception! If you had the honor of a first
+class thief, you would pay this medical bill out of the proceeds of the
+first public collection you take up, either in Missouri or Kentucky. And
+if you suffer it to go unpaid until your infinitely infernal career is
+wound up, the Day of Judgment will disclose the manner of your breaking
+your leg! If I were you, I would sooner pay this bill now, than to be
+asked in the great day how my leg was broken!
+
+Disgraced as you are, unprincipled and villainous, you have gone into
+Kentucky, taken upon yourself "holy orders," and married a wife,
+imposing most shamefully upon the family into which you married. The
+woman you have thus imposed upon, would be justifiable now, in the eyes
+of both God and man, in forsaking you and applying for a divorce. And no
+court or jury would refuse her application, when made acquainted with
+your character.
+
+It is a remarkable fact--one that I desire to call, not so much to your
+notice, as to the notice of the public generally--that while all the
+members of this Foreign Democratic party are by no means villains,
+destitute of principle; yet, all the assassins, cut-throats, thieves,
+and hypocrites in the country have crowded into the ranks of that party!
+Fawned upon, fostered and pampered by the villainous leaders,
+demagogues, and tricksters of the party, who need the services of all
+such scavengers, you are encouraged to act with them. These leaders, who
+are really no better than you are, _generously_ admit you to a
+fellowship, and _courteously_ acknowledge all such abandoned rascals to
+be their equals! Such men, to a great extent, now constitute the
+free-democracy of the country--they desecrate the ballot-box--disgust
+decent men wherever they come in contact with them--blaspheme the name
+of God--and swear that they will either rule or ruin the country!
+
+But, Sir, it was said of a certain man in the Scriptures, that he was a
+"sinner above all the sinners that dwell in Jerusalem." So it may in
+perfect truth be said of you, that you are a scoundrel above all the
+scoundrels in the hateful ranks of Sag Nichtism. You deserve, for your
+depraved course of life, a greater punishment than you have received or
+are likely to receive in this life. The guilt of foul calumny, of the
+most black and odious kind, attaches to every sentence uttered by your
+lying tongue. Guilt, the offspring of fiend-like malice, shamefully
+false, deeply corrupt, and badly matured: perfidy, dishonesty, and rank
+poison--hot incense of murder, theft, inhuman spoliation, and deep, dark
+forebodings of damnation have been rooted and grounded in your heart,
+for lo! these many years! Dark despair, endless death, inexpressible
+misery, manifold, and worse than death, follow in the ghastly train of
+your crimes, and riot in your corrupt bosom, as with infernal
+drunkenness of delight! The record of your deep depravity, of your utter
+want of principle, and of your ten thousand villainous exploits, is
+_stereotyped_ upon the burning sands of eternity, and stamped on the
+imperishable walls of the _rotunda_ of the Devil's Hell, to which you
+are driving at railroad speed! In upper East Tennessee, where you are
+known, it would disgrace an _Algerine Bandit_ to sit and hear you
+pretend to preach! _You_ pretend to preach Christ and him crucified, and
+_immerse_ persons in the name of the Trinity! Shrouded in the _sackcloth
+and ashes_ of disgrace, enclosed in a _vault_ filled to the brim with
+_buried and putrefied venality_, and steeped to the very nose and chin
+in crime, how dare you attempt to preach!
+
+I repeat, you vile slanderer of the living and the dead, that, in
+justice to the cause of God and of civilization, I will keep spread the
+unfurled banner of your infamy on every breeze, and cause it to float in
+the atmosphere of every State in this Union, until your very _name_
+becomes a mockery and a by-word! And I call upon the people of Kentucky
+and Missouri to ring the loud knell of your infamy, from steep to steep,
+and from valley to valley, until their swelling sounds are heard in
+startling echoes, mingling with the rush of the criminal's torrent, and
+the mighty cataract's earthquake-voice!
+
+                              W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+                                  _Editor of the Knoxville Whig._
+
+     June 7th, 1856.
+
+
+
+
+AN EXPOSE OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM.
+
+
+The following articles, setting forth the DESIGNS and TENDENCY of
+Romanism in the United States, appeared in the "KNOXVILLE WHIG" of May
+and June, 1856, and will speak for themselves. The writer has opposed
+the Papal Hierarchy for twenty years; and in a series of articles, now
+filed in a number of the "JONESBOROUGH WHIG," published _sixteen years
+ago_, he _predicted_ that the very state of things we are now realizing
+would come upon us as soon as the year 1860, and that the party calling
+itself by the revered name of _Democrat_, would identify itself with
+political Romanism!
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.--NO. I.
+
+     The American Party and the Religious Test--The Louisiana
+     Delegation and the Gallican Catholics--The vote of the
+     Philadelphia Convention to admit the Louisiana Delegates--The
+     American Councils in Louisiana--Catholics proper cannot be true
+     citizens of a Republic.
+
+It is sometimes said by the Anties, that the American party, at their
+late Philadelphia Convention, dismissed the Catholic Question from their
+platform, and that they admitted into their Council a Catholic
+Delegation from Louisiana. We were in that Convention, from the hour of
+its opening until its final close, and we deny both statements. The
+fifth and tenth sections of the platform adopted at Philadelphia, and
+for which we voted, are in the following words, and they express all our
+platform says upon that subject:
+
+     5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+     (whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+     allegiance or obligation of any description to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+     Federal and State Constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+     paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.
+
+     10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no
+     interference with religious faith or worship, and no tests
+     oaths for office.
+
+The American party was against political Romanism--against all who
+acknowledge any allegiance to a foreign Prince, Potentate, or Power; or
+who acknowledge any authority on earth, higher and more binding than
+the Constitutions of our States, and General Government. And those who
+are familiar with the temporal assumptions of Popery, and the political
+intrigues of the Order of Jesuits, can have no other feelings than those
+of disgust, upon hearing the Locofoco demagogues of the country cry out
+against the American party for their opposition to the poor Catholics!
+Against Popes confined to _Rome_, we make no war; but against Popes
+usurping civil and spiritual authority, in America, we protest most
+solemnly, and intend to make war, unrelenting and unceasing war!
+
+The Louisiana Delegation, five in number, were _two_ Methodist--_one_
+Old School Presbyterian--one Episcopalian--and the other, Mr. Eustes, a
+member of Congress, not a member of any Church. Those gentlemen
+presented their credentials for admission, and they were objected to,
+because Roman Catholics were admitted into the Order by the Louisiana
+State Council. A warm debate ensued, on a motion to admit the
+Delegation, on their credentials, which finally prevailed, by yeas 67,
+nays 50, many of the members having left for their lodgings, because of
+the lateness of the hour, and of their fatigue. _We_ were in favor of
+their admission, and so was Mr. Nelson, of East Tennessee, and we both
+claim to be _ultra_ Protestant, if the reader please.
+
+The "Catholicism" of Louisiana, we wish it borne in mind--that is the
+Gallican wing of the Church--is a very different species of
+"Catholicism" from that of our Irish and German Hierarchy taught in this
+country, under the training of Archbishop Hughes and Monseigneur Bedini,
+the Pope's villainous Nuncio. The French Gallican Church has so little
+respect for the Pope of Rome, that when the King of Sardinia was in
+Paris, less than twelve months ago, though he was under the interdict of
+a Papal Bull of excommunication from Pius IX., the Gallican Archbishops
+of Pius, and other Priests associated with them, visited him regularly,
+and tendered him unbounded courtesies and honors. The Gallican wing of
+the Catholic Church of France is liberal, as well as hostile to the
+insulting claims and pretensions of the Pope. But it is diluted still
+more with liberality, and with opposition to these claims of the Pope,
+among the French Creoles of Louisiana. Most of them, though Roman
+Catholics by name, from being educated in the forms of the Roman Church,
+have just about as much respect for Rome, and confidence in the Pope, as
+we have, and God knows that is very little. They denounce Papal Bulls,
+interdicts, and Nuncios. They throw off all temporal and spiritual
+allegiance to the Pope--the civil authorities of the United States with
+them are supreme--they are American born--and hence, our platform does
+not exclude them, and consequently they were admitted at Philadelphia,
+or, which is the same, their representatives.
+
+In 1652, under Louis XIV., the Gallican clergy met in Paris, and adopted
+the following point: "That the Pope has no power, of _Divine right_, to
+interfere with the temporal affairs of independent States." Thus, the
+Catholics of Louisiana rejecting the doctrine of the temporal power of
+the Pope, are not proscribed by the American party. They constitute a
+sound portion of the American party.
+
+Mr. Lathrop, a Presbyterian Elder, and a Delegate from Louisiana, read
+to the Convention from the ritual of the subordinate organizations of
+the American party of Louisiana, and showed that, while it admitted
+those to membership who professed the Roman Catholic religion, IT
+REQUIRED OF THEM THE DENIAL OF ALLEGIANCE TO ANY TEMPORAL AUTHORITY NOT
+COGNIZABLE IN THE STATE AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS; and from each
+secured a pledge, UPON OATH, that they would not divulge the secrets of
+the Order! He defended the Louisiana Catholics, as being true Americans,
+recognizing no civil or spiritual power in their Priests, and resisting
+every attempt, whether by a Bishop or Priest, to interfere with the
+institutions of our country. He cited cases which had occurred in
+Louisiana, of controversies between the Clergy and Laity, for the
+control of Church property, and the decisions of courts over which
+Gallican Catholic Judges presided, in favor of titles and control
+vesting in Trustees, the Laity. He showed that the native Catholics of
+Louisiana were the friends of common schools, and the advocates of
+popular education. He proclaimed aloud that the native Catholics of his
+State recognized no persons as proper depositaries of office, who
+acknowledged an allegiance to any person, civil or ecclesiastical,
+superior to that of the laws and Constitution of our country. He
+proclaimed that the Nuncios of the Pope of Rome hated these Louisiana
+Catholics, with a more perfect hatred than they did the "apostle
+heretics" called Protestants! This speech was received with unbounded
+applause, the question was called, and, as we have before stated, it was
+sanctioned, very properly too, by a vote of 67 to 50!
+
+The American party not only advocate religious toleration, but religious
+liberty, which is a very different thing. Toleration is not the word in
+our vocabulary--it does not express enough, because it implies the right
+to _permit_ or _prohibit_. We contend for LIBERTY, the meaning of which
+is, that men are not responsible _to each other, to Popes, Bishops, or
+Priests_, for their religious opinions or practices, and that
+consequently religion is not a subject of toleration.
+
+The Catholics, proper, have taken an oath of allegiance to the Pope of
+Rome, a "foreign prince, potentate, and power," and their obligations to
+him are higher, more sacred, and more binding, than any obligations
+they can take upon them to support the laws and Constitution of this
+country. These are the men that we refuse to vote for, or put in office.
+They are not and cannot be true Americans. The oaths of the priests bind
+them to war upon all Protestant sects, and upon all Republican powers of
+Government. These oaths bind them to the foot of the Papal Throne; and
+with these oaths upon their souls, they cannot be true citizens of this
+Republic without perjury. And if guilty of perjury, the State prison
+should be their residence.
+
+In our next, we shall consider this subject more at length, in
+connection with the oath of allegiance to our country, and the Catholic
+evasion of that oath.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 2.
+
+     Ambiguous terms in swearing--The case of Judge Gaston--Temporal
+     power of the Pope--Catholic authorities in Europe--The spirit
+     of the Catholic press in America!
+
+
+We are told by the Democratic sympathizers with the Catholics, that all
+Catholic emigrants to this country take an oath of allegiance to the
+United States upon becoming naturalized. Yes, they do, and the oath
+after it is taken, has no more weight with them, than has a
+regular-built Know Nothing speech.
+
+Here is a paragraph from SANCHEZ, the highest authority in the Catholic
+Church, Pope Pius only excepted. This writer, "by authority," shows how
+this oath of allegiance is evaded by a mental reservation:
+
+     "It is lawful to use ambiguous terms to give the impression a
+     different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+     person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+     though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+     a certain day, or before he was born, or by any other similar
+     circumstances, which gives another meaning to it. This is
+     extremely convenient, and always very just, when necessary to
+     your health, honor or prosperity."
+
+Here, then, we have it from the highest Catholic authority, that
+Catholics are absolved from all allegiance to this government, because
+they take the oath of allegiance without committing perjury, by the holy
+process of a mental reservation--the use of "ambiguous terms," setting
+forth one thing while they swear another! We have no doubt that Chief
+Justice TANEY, a devoted Catholic of Baltimore, and now at the head of
+the Supreme Court of the United States, took his oath of office
+requiring him to support the Constitution, with this same mental
+reservation. We have no doubt that those Catholic Judges upon the
+Federal Bench in several States in the Union, and those Catholic
+Attorney Generals, appointed to office by Mr. Pierce, so understood
+their oaths of office, and of allegiance! And the practice of
+Post-Master General Campbell, a bigoted Catholic, and a member of the
+order of Jesuits, proves that he so understood his oath to support the
+Constitution. As true Catholics, they are bound to swear with this
+mental reservation, because they could not owe allegiance to a
+government of "heretics," such as they believe ours to be. As Catholics,
+they are bound to overthrow our Constitution, and aid in the destruction
+of our government.
+
+It is a matter of history that when the Legislature of North Carolina
+elected Judge GASTON to the Supreme Bench in that State, he hesitated as
+to whether he would take the oath or not. And why? He was, although an
+able man, and in all the private relations of life a most excellent man,
+a decided and devoted Roman Catholic. This is not all. The oath of a
+Judge in that State, which is not common in other States, requires the
+man taking it to avow his belief in the Protestant religion. Judge
+Gaston asked for a few days to consider--he went instantly to Baltimore,
+as was believed, to consult the Catholic Bishop, who then resided
+there--obtained a dispensation, as was supposed--wrote back that he
+would accept the office--returned, was qualified, and to the day of his
+death was on the Bench! This affair illustrates Romanism. And what Rome
+was, she is, and always will be. Can Rome change? Can the Ethiopian
+change his skin, or the leopard his spots?
+
+Here is what Philopater, an approved Catholic authority of the first
+grade, says, touching the principle in controversy:
+
+     "All theologians and ecclesiastical lawyers affirm that every
+     Christian government, as soon as it openly abandons the _Romish
+     faith_, is instantly degraded from all power and dignity: all
+     the subjects are absolved from the oath of fidelity and
+     obedience which they have taken, and they may and ought, if
+     they have the power, to drive such government from every
+     Christian State, as an apostate, heretic, and deserter from
+     Jesus Christ. This certain and indubitable decision of all the
+     most learned men is perfectly conformed to the most apostolic
+     doctrines."
+
+Our Locofoco advocates of Romanism deny that the Pope lays claim to the
+supremacy charged by the American party. On this point, we desire that
+the Catholics may speak for themselves. One of their standard writers,
+FARRARIS, in his Ecclesiastical Dictionary, a work endorsed by their
+Council of Bishops and Cardinals, under the article headed "Pope," uses
+this emphatic and expressive language:
+
+     "The Pope is of such dignity and highness, that he is not
+     simply man, but, as it were, God, and the vicar of God. Hence
+     the Pope is such supreme and sovereign dignity, that, properly
+     speaking, he is not merely constituted in dignity, but is
+     rather placed on the very summit of dignities. Hence, also, the
+     Pope is rather father of fathers, and he alone can use this
+     name, because he only can be called father of fathers: since he
+     possesses the primacy over all, is truly greater than all, and
+     the greatest of all. He is called most holy, because he is
+     presumed to be such. On account of the excellency of his
+     supreme dignity, he is called bishop of bishops, ordinary of
+     ordinaries, universal bishop of the Church, bishop of diocesan,
+     of the whole world, divine monarch, supreme emperor, and king
+     of kings."
+
+PETER DENS, of Maynooth College notoriety, whose "Theology" is the
+highest Catholic authority known this side of the Vatican at Rome, gives
+entire the Bull of Pope Sixtus V. against the King of Navarre and the
+Prince of Conde, whom he styles the _sons of wrath_. In this Bull,
+issued in the year 1585, he says:
+
+     "The authority given to Saint Peter and his successors, by the
+     immense power of the eternal King, _excels all the power of
+     earthly kings and princes_. It passeth uncontrollable sentence
+     upon them all. And if it find any of them resisting God's
+     obedience, it takes more severe vengeance on them, casting them
+     down from their thrones, however powerful they may be, and
+     tumbling them down to the lowest parts of the earth, as the
+     ministers of aspiring Lucifer."
+
+Here is what _Daniel O'Connell_ said so late as 1843, and he was a true
+Catholic and a true exponent of this faith:
+
+     "You should do all in your power to carry out the intentions of
+     His Holiness the Pope. Where you have the electoral franchise,
+     give your votes to none but those who will assist you in so
+     holy a struggle.
+
+     "I declare my most unequivocal submission to the Head of the
+     Church, and to the hierarchy in its different orders. If the
+     Bishop makes a declaration on this bill, I never would be heard
+     speaking against it, but would submit at once unequivocally to
+     that decision. They have only to decide, and I close my mouth:
+     they have only to determine, and I obey. I wish it to be
+     understood that _such is the duty of all Catholics_."--_Daniel
+     O'Connell_, 1843.
+
+Here comes one of the Pope's organs in France:
+
+     "A heretic, examined and convicted by the Church, used to be
+     delivered over to the secular power and punished with death.
+     Nothing has ever appeared to us more necessary. More than one
+     hundred thousand persons perished in consequence of the heresy
+     of Wickliffe; a still greater number for that of John Huss; and
+     it would not be possible to calculate the bloodshed caused by
+     Luther; and it is not yet over."--_Paris Univers._
+
+     "As for myself, what I regret, I frankly own, is that they did
+     not burn John Huss sooner, and that they did not likewise burn
+     Luther; this happened because there was not found some prince
+     sufficiently politic to stir up a crusade against
+     Protestants."--_Paris Univers._
+
+But here is the Pope himself arguing with the authorities already
+quoted:
+
+     "The absurd or erroneous doctrines or ravings in defence of
+     liberty of conscience, is a most pestilential error--a pest, of
+     all others, most to be dreaded in a State."--_Encyclical Letter
+     of Pope Pius IX., Aug._ 15, 1852.
+
+Now, let us hear their organs in our own country:
+
+     "Heresy and unbelief are crimes, and in Christian countries,
+     like Italy and Spain for instance, where all the people are
+     Catholics, and where the Christian religion is an essential
+     part of the law of the land, they are punished as other
+     crimes."--_R. C. Archbishop of St. Louis._
+
+     "For our own part, we take this opportunity of expressing our
+     hearty delight at the suppression of the Protestant chapel at
+     Rome. This may be thought intolerant, but when, we would ask,
+     _did we ever profess to be tolerant of Protestantism_, or favor
+     the doctrine that Protestantism _ought to be tolerated_? On
+     the contrary, we hate Protestantism--we detest it with our
+     whole heart and soul, and we pray that our aversion to it may
+     never decrease. We hold it meet that in the Eternal City no
+     worship repugnant to _God_ should be tolerated, and we are
+     sincerely glad that the enemies of truth are no longer allowed
+     to meet together in the capital of the Christian
+     world."--_Pittsburg Catholic Visitor_, 1848.
+
+     "No good government can exist without religion; and there can
+     be no religion without an _Inquisition_, which is wisely
+     designed for the promotion and protection of the true
+     faith."--_Boston Pilot._
+
+     "You ask, if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+     in a minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+     do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+     circumstances. If it would _benefit the cause of Catholicism_,
+     he would tolerate you--if expedient, he would imprison
+     you--banish you--possibly, _hang you_--but be assured of one
+     thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+     _'glorious principles' of civil and religious
+     liberty._"--_Rambler._
+
+     "Protestantism of every form has not and never can have any
+     rights where Catholicity is triumphant."--_Brownson's Quarterly
+     Review._
+
+     "Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the lying
+     world, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+     the State, _summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+     Church, its divinely constituted judge_."--_Ibid._
+
+     "I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church
+     without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection,
+     approval, and endorsement."--_Ibid._
+
+In view of the foregoing, and other facts and arguments which we will
+hereafter present, we cannot be mistaken in our views of Roman
+Catholicism. We cannot tamely surrender our dearest rights as
+Protestants, without a struggle. We cannot cry peace, peace, when there
+is no peace!
+
+     "Protestantism, of every kind, Catholicity inserts in her
+     catalogue of moral sins; she endures it when and where she
+     must; but she hates it, and directs all her energies to effect
+     its destruction."--_St. Louis Shepherd of the Valley._
+
+     "Religious liberty, in the sense of a liberty possessed by
+     every man to choose his religion, is one of the most wretched
+     delusions ever foisted on this age by the father of
+     deceit."--_The Rambler_, 1853.
+
+     "The Church is of necessity intolerant. Heresy she endures when
+     and where she must, but she hates it, and directs all her
+     energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an immense
+     numerical majority in this country, religious freedom is at an
+     end. So say our enemies. So say we."--_Shepherd of the Valley._
+
+     "The liberty of heresy and unbelief is not a right.... All the
+     rights the sects have, or can have, are derived from the State,
+     and rest on expediency. As they have, in their character of
+     sects hostile to the true religion, no rights under the law of
+     nature or the law of God, they are neither wronged nor deprived
+     of liberty, if the State refuses to grant them any rights at
+     all."--_Brownson's Review, Oct., 1853_, p. 456.
+
+     "The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap,
+     and shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"--_Ibid, October, 1852_,
+     pp. 554-8.
+
+     "We think the 'masses' were never less happy, less respectable,
+     and less respected, than they have been since the reformation,
+     and particularly within the last fifty or one hundred years,
+     since Lord Brougham caught the mania of teaching them to read
+     and communicate the disease to a large proportion of the
+     English nation; of which, in spite of all our talk, we are
+     often the servile imitators."--_Shepherd of the Valley, Oct.
+     22, 1853._
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 3.
+
+     The Catholic Church supreme over all authorities--Meddling in
+     Political Contests--Brownson's Review and the Boston Pilot
+     reflecting the sentiments of that Church--Protestants
+     advocating Romanism--The Nashville Union in 1835.
+
+
+The Anti-American, Foreign-loving, Catholic admirers of the Locofoco
+school of politics, everywhere seek to frighten native Protestant
+citizens with the bugbear cry of religious proscription. But let
+Americans and Protestants watch with increased vigilance both the Roman
+and Locofoco Jesuits around them. To call the damnable and accursed
+system of political intrigue practised for past centuries by the Roman
+Church by the term _Religion_, is a solemn mockery of the hallowed word.
+Religion teaches love and obedience to God, and the legally constituted
+authorities of the country. Romanism teaches fear of and obedience to a
+crowned potentate called the Pope, and opposition to all Protestant
+governments, as worthy to be cast down to hell! The one tends to free
+and ennoble the soul: the other to enslave and debauch every faculty of
+man's nature which likens him to the Almighty! The one is republican:
+the other is barbaric, and at war with every principle of free
+government!
+
+The American party does oppose and denounce Romanism _as a political
+system at war_ with American institutions; and we here ask candid men to
+weigh the evidence we shall adduce to sustain this charge. We shall
+quote none other than Roman Catholic authority--the organs of
+Romanism--so as out of their own mouths to condemn them. Brownson's
+Review is the accredited organ of Romanism in the United States. He
+ostentatiously parades the names of the Archbishops and Bishops on the
+cover of his Review, to give it the stamp of authority, and asserts in
+the work:
+
+     "I NEVER THINK OF PUBLISHING ANY THING IN REGARD TO THE CHURCH
+     WITHOUT SUBMITTING MY ARTICLES TO THE BISHOP FOR INSPECTION,
+     APPROVAL, AND ENDORSEMENT."
+
+Let us then look to his pages for an exposition of the doctrines of his
+Church. In the January number for 1853, he says:
+
+     "For every Catholic at least, the Church is the supreme judge
+     of the extent and limits of her power. She can be judged by no
+     one; and this of itself implies her absolute supremacy, and
+     that the temporal order must receive its laws from her."
+
+The uniform practice of the Church of Rome has been, and still is, to
+assert her power--not in _words_, but in _deeds_--to GIVE OR TAKE AWAY
+CROWNS--to depose ungodly rulers, and to absolve their subjects from
+their "horrible" OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE!
+
+Again, in the July number for 1853, Brownson says:
+
+     "The Church is supreme, and you have no power except what you
+     hold in subordination to her, either in spirituals or in
+     temporals.... You no more have political than ecclesiastical
+     independence. The Church alone, under God, is independent, and
+     she defines both your powers and hers."
+
+     "They have heard it said from their youth up that the Church
+     has nothing to do with politics; that she has received no
+     mission in regard to the political order."
+
+     "In opposing the nonjuring bishops and priests, they believed
+     they were only asserting their national rights as men, or as
+     the State, and were merely resisting the unwarrantable
+     assumption of the spiritual power. If they had been distinctly
+     taught that the political authority is always subordinate to
+     the spiritual, and had grown up in the doctrine that the nation
+     is not competent to define, in relation to the ecclesiastical
+     power, its own rights--that the Church defines both its powers
+     and her own, and that though the nation may be, and ought to
+     be, independent in relation to other nations, it has, and can
+     have, no independence in the face of the Church, the kingdom of
+     God on earth: they would have seen at a glance that support of
+     the civil authority against the spiritual, no matter in what
+     manner, was the renunciation of their faith as Catholics, and
+     the actual or virtual assertion of the supremacy of the
+     temporal power."
+
+In the same number, page 301, he says:
+
+     "She (the Church) has the right to judge who has, or has not,
+     according to the law of God, the right to reign: whether the
+     prince has, by his infidelity, his misdeeds, his tyranny and
+     oppression, forfeited his trust, and lost his right to the
+     allegiance of his subjects; and therefore whether they are
+     still held to their allegiance, or are released from it by the
+     law of God. If she have the right to judge, she has the right
+     to pronounce judgment, and order its execution: therefore to
+     pronounce sentence of deposition upon the prince who has
+     forfeited his right to reign, and to declare his subjects
+     absolved from their allegiance to him, and free to elect
+     themselves a new sovereign."
+
+We might multiply authorities of this kind on this point, to an almost
+indefinite extent, from the debate between Bishop Hughes and Mr.
+Breckenridge, and the controversy between Hughes and Erastus Brooks, but
+it is wholly unnecessary.
+
+As early as 1844, the Catholics took their stand as a body in the arena
+of political strife; and the illustrious CLAY and the virtuous
+FRELINGHUYSEN were the victims of their particular hostility. Mr.
+Frelinghuysen was the President of the Board of Foreign Missions, and
+this was made the _excuse_ for the bitter animosity of the Catholic
+press, and of the clergy and membership of the Catholic sect, against
+Mr. Clay. Brownson, in his July number for 1844, in the very heat of the
+contest, thus assailed Mr. Clay:
+
+     "He is ambitious, but short-sighted. He is abashed by no
+     inconsistency, disturbed by no contradiction, and can defend,
+     with a firm countenance, without the least misgiving, what
+     everybody but himself sees to be a political fallacy or logical
+     absurdity.... He is no more disturbed by being convinced of
+     moral insensibility, than intellectual absurdity.... A man of
+     rare abilities, but apparently void of both moral and
+     intellectual conscience.... He is, therefore, a man whom no
+     power under that of the Almighty can restrain; he must needs be
+     the most dangerous man to be placed at the head of affairs it
+     is possible to conceive."
+
+The Boston Pilot, another Catholic organ, published under the eye of the
+Bishop, discloses _the same plot_, in its issue for the 31st of October,
+1844, only six days before the election! Here is what this organ said:
+
+     "We say to all men in the United States, entitled to be
+     naturalized, become citizens while you can--let nothing delay
+     you for an hour--let no hindrance, short of mortal disease,
+     banish you from the ballot-box. To those who are citizens, we
+     say, vote your principles, whatever they may be--never desert
+     them--do not be wheedled or terrified--but vote quietly, and
+     unobtrusively. Leave to others the noisy warfare of words. Let
+     your opinions be proved by your deliberate and determined
+     action. We recommend you to no party; we condemn no candidate
+     but one, and he is Theodore Frelinghuysen. We have nothing to
+     say to him as a Whig--we have nothing to say to Mr. Clay or any
+     other Whig, as such--but to the President of the American Board
+     of Foreign Missions, the friend and patron of the Kirks and
+     Cones, we have much to say. We hate his intolerance--we dislike
+     his associates--and shudder at the blackness and bitterness of
+     that school of sectarians to which he belongs, and amongst whom
+     he is regarded as an authority."
+
+Protestants! do you hear that? Old Line Whigs! do you hear that? If so,
+do you think that Americans are warring upon civil and religious
+liberty, when they take an oath that they will rebuke such infamous
+sentiments? These appeals of Brownson, Hughes, and the Pilot, had the
+effect to defeat the Clay ticket in New York, and that State lost him
+his election. The Catholics were all at the polls, and voted for Polk
+and Dallas. On the 9th of November, 1844, Frelinghuysen wrote to Mr.
+Clay as follows:
+
+     "More than 3,000, it is confidently said, have been naturalized
+     in this city (New York) alone since the first of October. It is
+     an alarming fact that this foreign vote has decided the great
+     questions of American policy, and contracted a nation's
+     gratitude."
+
+And after they achieved the victory of 1844, Brownson came out with this
+avowal:
+
+     "Heretofore we have taken our politics from one or another of
+     the parties which divide the country, and have suffered the
+     enemies of our religion to impose their political doctrine upon
+     us; but it is time for us to begin to teach the country itself
+     those moral and political doctrines which flow from the
+     teachings of our own Church. We are at home here, wherever we
+     may have been born; this is our country, and as it is to become
+     THOROUGHLY CATHOLIC, we have a deeper interest in public
+     affairs than any other of our citizens. The sects are only for
+     a day; the Church for ever."
+
+When Gen. Cass made his speech in the Senate, in 1852, in favor of free
+worship and the rights of conscience for Americans abroad, reflecting on
+the Catholics by name, Brownson came out in his October number, and
+said:
+
+     "We are glad to see Gen. Cass laid on the shelf, for we can
+     never support a man who turns radical in his old age."
+
+In the same number, Brownson continues:
+
+     "The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap and
+     shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"
+
+This too at the very time he was supporting the Democratic party in the
+Presidential contest! He would sooner have heard the cry, "All hail,
+Catholicism!" and he was only using Democracy as an instrument to
+advance his primary wish!
+
+We offer no comments on the foregoing extracts, of our own, but leave
+every reader to judge for himself. The price of liberty is eternal
+vigilance. We apply the remark to religious as well as civil liberty.
+All we ask of the people is to be vigilant. Do not support men at the
+ballot-box who are in league with these enemies of our Republic, and of
+the Protestant religion!
+
+Behold the enemy is at our gates! A foreign priest has been lecturing
+here in Knoxville, within the last ten days, avowing sentiments similar
+to these, and claiming that this country would ultimately become a
+Catholic country! The crisis is approaching! Rouse up, Americans, and
+hasten to your country's salvation! Not a moment is to be lost! GOD AND
+OUR COUNTRY, must be the watchword of every Christian and patriot, of
+every political party in the land. America expects us all to do our
+duty!
+
+And is there no cause for alarm?
+
+Eighteen months ago, a Protestant minister, Baptist, Methodist, or
+Presbyterian, might expose Romanism, and warn his congregation against
+its corrupting influences, for hours at a time--come down out of his
+pulpit, and his congregation would, without distinction of party, say,
+"Well done, good and faithful servant!"
+
+But let him now dare _allude_ to Romanism--he offends one-half of his
+congregation--he is _preaching_ politics--they will hear him no more; or
+forsooth, which is more common, they will withhold his support and
+starve him out! Are not these signs alarming?
+
+But here in Tennessee, _Protestant_ Tennessee, on the 15th of May,
+1855, the _Nashville Daily Union_, the organ of the self-styled
+Democratic party, came out at the Capital of the State with this daring
+broadside against the Protestant clergy and their religion:
+
+     "A Church that can boast of an existence of thirteen
+     centuries--passing through all the various vicissitudes of her
+     eventful career unscathed, can certainly show, with all her
+     atrocious barbarity, many bright spots which may be placed in
+     favorable contrast with the Protestant Church, with its
+     thousand and one wrangling sects. Men are beginning to see
+     through the transparent gauze that veils this Know-Nothing
+     movement. They are beginning to ask 'What has Protestantism
+     done for the world? What has she done to alleviate and elevate
+     the down-trodden? Is the race any better off for having
+     accepted her faith? THESE REVEREND HYPOCRITES--these scribes
+     and pharisees, are treading on a terrible volcano. They will
+     find their treasonable schemes and infernal plotting against
+     the liberties of man tried and condemned by the pure light of
+     God's own truth and love, which shines and throbs in every
+     pulsation of humanity's heart. If Protestantism prove recreant
+     to her high trust, she will have to pass the ordeal of
+     enlightened public opinion and be consigned to her merited
+     obscurity.
+
+     "Popery, with all its crimes against God and man, adapts itself
+     to the times and to the circumstances, and thus saves itself
+     from being absorbed in the mass of conflicting elements."
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 4.
+
+     A Catholic Priest the Minister from the Rivas-Walker
+     Government--Nicaragua, Texas, and Gen. Jackson--Bishop Hughes
+     and Orestes Brownson--Buchanan bidding for the Catholic
+     vote--A. H. Stephens, of Georgia--Lord Baltimore and Religious
+     Toleration.
+
+
+Three months ago, PARKER H. FRENCH arrived in Washington, as the
+Representative of the Walker Government of Nicaragua--an American-born
+citizen and a Protestant--but the Government declined to recognize him,
+upon the ground that Walker's Government was not established even _de
+facto_. Since then, our Government has recognized Walker's Government,
+and endorsed his war upon Costa Rica, although the former objection of
+our Government lies with as much force against such recognition now as
+it did three months ago. That the approach of the Cincinnati Convention,
+and the importance of conciliating the "Young American" wing, and the
+Filibustering division of the Democratic party, had great influence in
+producing this recognition, there can be no sort of doubt. But a still
+more palpable reason why this Government gave its sanction to the
+Rivas-Walker Government is, that PADRE VIJIL, the second Minister sent
+here, is a ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST, and a shrewd Spaniard--better
+understands the influences that prevail at Washington. When we remember
+that a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Order of Jesuits, is a member
+of Pierce's Cabinet, the Postmaster-General--and when we remember that
+Democracy now, without the Catholic-Foreign vote, is almost a nullity in
+the United States, we have a clear solution of this preference given the
+Spanish priest, PADRE VIJIL, over the American citizen, but a few weeks
+afterwards! As a sign of the times, the fact is one worthy of note. It
+shows, at least, that when Protestantism cannot prevail with the
+Administration of Pierce, Roman Catholicism can; and that hence, when we
+proclaim the power of the Pope, even in America, we but utter
+demonstrable facts. Romanism is even carrying Democracy from all its old
+wayside land-marks. In December, 1836, GEN. JACKSON sent a special
+message to the Senate of the United States, in relation to a proposition
+to recognize the new Government of Texas, and he gave reasons _against_
+it, which are exactly applicable to this Rivas-Walker affair:
+
+     "Upon the issue," he says, "of this threatened invasion by
+     Mexico, the independence of Texas may be considered as
+     suspended; and were there nothing peculiar in the relative
+     situation of the United States and Texas, our acknowledgments
+     of its independence at such a crisis could scarcely be
+     considered as consistent _with that prudent reserve with which
+     we have heretofore held ourselves bound to treat all similar
+     questions_."
+
+The existing Government of Nicaragua is in a far more critical condition
+now than that of Texas was in 1836, when Gen. Jackson went on to say:
+
+     "It becomes us to beware of a too early movement, as it might
+     subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to
+     establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory, with a
+     view to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves. Prudence,
+     therefore, seems to dictate that we should still stand aloof,
+     and maintain our present attitude, if not until Mexico itself,
+     or one of the great foreign powers, shall recognize the
+     independence of the new Government, at least until the lapse of
+     time or the course of events shall have proved, beyond cavil or
+     dispute, the ability of the people of that country to maintain
+     their separate sovereignty, and to uphold the Government
+     constituted by them. Neither of the contending parties can
+     justly complain of this course. By pursuing it, we are but
+     carrying out the long-established policy of our Government--a
+     policy which has secured to us respect and influence abroad,
+     and inspired confidence at home."
+
+But Romanism is rapidly leading Democracy to the Devil! Archbishop
+Hughes--the head and front of the Papal Hierarchy in this country--has
+openly declared the grand aim and object of the Catholic Church is "TO
+MAKE ROME THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE WHOLE WORLD!" This same
+Archbishop is now engaged in raising an immense fund, for the avowed
+purpose of ESTABLISHING A COLLEGE IN ROME, for the education of a high
+order of Priests and Jesuits for the United States; the Roman Pontiff
+deeming the education of Priests defective if obtained in this land of
+liberty! This same Archbishop Hughes has now actively enlisted for the
+Presidential contest, for 1856, in order, to use his own language, "TO
+BREAK THE SPINAL CORD OF THE AMERICAN PARTY." The Irish Catholic vote is
+to be fused with the Black Republicans in the North, to prevent the
+success of the Fillmore ticket, and the Irish and German Catholic vote
+is to be cast for Democracy in the South and North-West--the Archbishop
+stipulating for special legislation for Rome, and for promoting this
+mammoth college!
+
+ORESTES BROWNSON, a leading Catholic authority, and the editor of
+Archbishop Hughes's organ--one of the most zealous as well as able
+advocates of Romanism in America--declares: "THE POPE IS MY INTERPRETER
+OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES!" The Supreme Court at
+Washington is subordinate to the Vatican, situated at the foot of one
+of the seven hills upon which Rome is built! Through the influence of
+the _Jesuit_ who is a member of Pierce's cabinet, the Papal Nuncio, who
+was sent from Rome two years ago, clothed with _foreign_ authority, was
+received by our government at Washington, and sent around the lakes to
+the North-West at government expense; and allowed to adjudicate upon a
+secular question AFFECTING TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION in the great State
+of New York!
+
+Mr. Buchanan, one of the several candidates before the Cincinnati
+Convention for the Presidential nomination, said, in a public speech in
+Baltimore, just before the meeting of that Convention, _by way of
+bidding for the Catholic vote_:
+
+     "In the age of religious bigotry and intolerance, Lord
+     Baltimore was the first legislator who proclaimed the sacred
+     rights of conscience, and established for the government of his
+     colony the principle, not merely of toleration, but perfect
+     religious freedom and equality among all sects of Christians."
+
+Lord Baltimore was a Catholic; and with a view to enlist the same
+influence, HON. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, of Georgia, sent forth a
+published speech last summer, from which we make the following extract:
+
+     "The Catholic colony of Maryland, organized under the auspices
+     of Lord Baltimore, was the first to establish the principle of
+     free toleration in religious worship on this continent.
+
+     "The Colony of Maryland afforded protection to _all_ persecuted
+     sects."
+
+Now, in order to judge of Mr. Buchanan's "_perfect religious freedom and
+equality_," and Mr. Stephens's "_principle of free toleration_," let us
+examine an Act passed April 21, 1649, when Lord Baltimore was in the
+zenith of his power:
+
+     "Denying the Holy _Trinity_ is to be punished with _death_, and
+     confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary (Lord
+     Baltimore himself!) Persons using any reproachful words
+     concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+     Evangelists, to be fined £5, or in default of payment to be
+     publicly whipped and _imprisoned, at the pleasure of_ his
+     Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+     Lieutenant-General." _See Laws of Maryland at large, by T.
+     Bacon, A. D. 1765._ _16 and 17 Cecilius's Lord Baltimore_.
+
+S. F. STREETER, Esq., of Baltimore, is the author of a work entitled
+"_Maryland two hundred years ago_." In this work, at page 26, Mr.
+Streeter says:
+
+     "The policy of Lord Baltimore, in regard to religious matters
+     in his colony, has, in some particulars at least, been
+     misapprehended and therefore misstated. The assertion has long
+     passed uncontradicted, that toleration was promised to the
+     colonists in the first conditions of plantation; that the
+     rights of conscience were recognized in a law passed by the
+     first assembly held in the colony; and that the principal
+     officers from the year 1636 or '37, bound themselves by on oath
+     not to molest on account of his religion any one professing to
+     believe in Jesus Christ. I can find _no authority_ for _any_ of
+     these statements. Lord Baltimore's first and earlier conditions
+     of plantation breathe not a word on the subject of religion: no
+     act recognizing the principle of toleration was passed in the
+     first or in any following assembly, until fifteen years after
+     the first settlement, at which time (1649) a Protestant had
+     been appointed Governor, and a majority of the Burgesses were
+     of the same faith; and when, _for the first time_, a clause
+     involving a promise not to molest any person professing to
+     believe in Jesus Christ, the words "and particularly a Roman
+     Catholic," were inserted by the direction of Lord Baltimore in
+     the official oath."
+
+McMahon, the tried friend of Lord Baltimore, speaking on this same
+subject, says:
+
+     "The proprietary dominion (Lord B.'s) had never known that
+     hour, (when there was opportunity to persecute.) The Protestant
+     religion was the established religion of the mother country,
+     and any effort on the part of the Proprietary (Lord B.) to
+     oppress its followers would have _drawn down destruction on his
+     government_. The _great body_ of the colonists were themselves
+     Protestants, and, by their _number_ and their participation in
+     the government, they were fully equal to their own protection,
+     and _too powerful_ for the Proprietaries in the event of an
+     open collision."
+
+Thus it will be seen that in Maryland, as everywhere else, in all past
+ages, so far as toleration is concerned, it was granted _to_
+Catholics--never _by_ them.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 5.
+
+     Popish aims at supremacy--Avowals by distinguished
+     Catholics--The order of Jesuits--Startling disclosures and
+     authentic references!--The strength of Romanism in the United
+     States!
+
+
+The Romish hierarchy aims at supremacy in the Church and the State. It
+is nothing more nor less than a great _political_ system, arrogating to
+itself the right to sway the spiritual and temporal concerns of men--a
+right it claims to have derived from God, and that therefore the Romish
+Church is above all, and may rule all. Hence the conspiracy against our
+government emanating from the Vatican, and planned by the Pope, his
+Cardinals and Bishops, in the late grand council at Rome! They there and
+then resolved on affecting the objects of the _Leopold Foundation_,
+established in Vienna, May 13, 1829, to support Catholic missionaries in
+the United States. Every member of this Society--and its branches are
+numerous, being scattered over the whole earth--agrees to offer prayers
+daily to _St. Leopold_, and every week to contribute as much as a
+_crucifix_. The valley of the Mississippi has been surveyed and mapped
+by the Jesuits, under the directions of the Vatican, and Popish
+Cardinals in Europe are boasting of the certainty of their subjecting
+this land of freedom at no distant day to papal supremacy! Rev. Dr.
+JAMES, an eminent clergyman of England, says:
+
+     "The Church of Rome has determined to compensate herself for
+     her losses in the old world, by her conquest in the new."
+
+Hence, too, a Papal editor in Europe conducting a Catholic organ, and
+advising vigorous measures for the extension of Papal power, says:
+
+     "We must make haste--the moments are precious--America may
+     become the centre of civilization."
+
+The Rev. Dr. Reze, of Detroit, a priest of distinction, who is now in
+custody at Rome, a few years since, writing from Michigan to his master,
+the Pope, says:
+
+     "We shall see the truth triumph--the temple of idols
+     overthrown--the seat of falsehood brought to silence--and all
+     the United States embraced in the same faith of that Catholic
+     Church, wherein dwell truth and temporal happiness."
+
+A Catholic priest in Indiana told a Protestant minister, an able
+Methodist clergyman, in a controversy, "The time will come when
+Catholics will make Protestants wade knee-deep in blood in the valley of
+the Mississippi!"
+
+Bishop England, one of their master-spirits in this country, in a letter
+to the Pope written from Charleston, and which was so good that his
+Holiness caused it to be published, said:
+
+     "Within thirty years, the Protestant heresy will come to an
+     end. If we can secure the West and South, we will take care of
+     New England."
+
+This same dignitary said to his brethren at Vienna in that memorable
+letter, by way of advice and encouragement:
+
+     "All that is necessary is money and priests, to subjugate the
+     mock liberties of America."
+
+The Jesuits profess to be a more devoted branch of the Pope's army than
+any other order. The Abbe De Pradt, formerly Roman Archbishop at
+Malines, calls them "the Pope's zealous militia:" another correctly
+calls them "the Pope's body-guard, organized for the express purpose of
+defending the Papal See, and undertaking a spiritual crusade against
+heretics." Pius VII., in his Bull of August 7, 1814, reëstablishing the
+order, which Clement XIV. had suppressed, says: "We would be guilty of a
+great crime," if, amid the dangers threatening the Papal interests, and
+"if, placed in the barque of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual
+storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers who
+volunteer their services in order to break the waves of a sea which
+threatens every moment shipwreck and death."
+
+The presumption is, that "these vigorous and experienced rowers who thus
+volunteer their services," have some moving principle, some hidden
+spring, which moves with that oneness and constancy under all
+discouragements. The watch does not show the spring that sets it in
+motion: who that looks at its face and observes the movement of the
+hands will doubt that it is there, and that they move in proportion to
+the strength or weakness of that spring?
+
+The old Romans used to swear their soldiers: the Roman Church swears
+even her private members. Read the following from the creed: "I solemnly
+promise, vow, and _swear_ true obedience to the Roman bishop," &c. "This
+true Catholic faith, out of which there is no salvation, &c.--I promise,
+vow, and _swear_ most constantly to hold and profess the same, whole and
+entire, with God's assistance, to the end of my life, and procure, as
+far as lies in my power, that the same shall be held, taught, and
+preached by all who are under me," &c. "I also profess and undoubtedly
+receive all other things delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred
+canons and general councils, and particularly by the holy Council of
+Trent; and, likewise, I also condemn, reject, and anathematize all
+things contrary thereto, and all heresies whatsoever, condemned,
+rejected, and anathematized by the Church."
+
+The Jesuits are more strict, subservient, devoted to the Vatican, than
+any other wing of the Catholic Church. In the second volume of the
+constitutions of the Jesuits, under the heading of _obedience to
+superiors_, is written:
+
+     "You shall always see Jesus Christ in the General."
+
+     "You shall obey him in every thing. Your obedience shall be
+     boundless in the execution, in the will and understanding. You
+     shall persuade yourselves that God speaks in his mouth: that
+     when he orders, God himself orders. You shall execute his
+     command immediately, with joy and with steadiness."
+
+     "You shall be in his hands a dead body, which he will govern,
+     move, place, displace, according to his will."
+
+Under these teachings, says ARNAULD, a student in a college of Jesuits
+stated, on hearing of the implicit obedience of another:
+
+     "I would have done still more. Were God to order me, through
+     the voice of my superior, to put to death father, mother,
+     children, brothers, and sisters, I would do it with an eye as
+     tearless and a heart as calm as if I were seated at the banquet
+     of the Paschal lamb."
+
+Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore, in a recent publication, says:
+
+     "As early as 1624, the University of Paris charged them with
+     being governed by 'secret laws.' In 1649, Palafox, Bishop of
+     Angelopolis, in his letter to Innocent X., accuses them of
+     having 'a secret constitution, hidden privileges, and concealed
+     laws of their own.'"
+
+What will our Democratic Protestant opposers of Know Nothing _secret
+lodges_ say to this? What will our Democratic advocates of Popery say to
+the principles of such an organization, and to its "horrible oaths?" But
+hear the Roman Catholic King of Portugal, in his manifesto to his
+Bishops, in 1759, only ninety-seven years ago:
+
+     "In order to form the union, the consistency, and the strength
+     of the society, there should be a government not only
+     monarchical, but so sovereign, so absolute, so despotic, that
+     even the Provincials themselves should not have it in their
+     power, by any act of theirs, to resist or retard the execution
+     of the orders of the General. By this legislative, inviolable
+     and despotic power; by the profound devotedness of the subjects
+     of this company to mysterious laws with which they are not
+     themselves acquainted; by the blind and passive obedience with
+     which they are compelled to execute, without hesitation or
+     reply, whatever their superiors command," &c.
+
+But our Democratic anti-Know Nothings not only object to our having
+formerly kept our ritual concealed, but especially to our denial of the
+existence of our organization. Let them procure a copy of the secret
+instructions of the Jesuits, styled "_Secreta Monita_," and in the
+preface they will find these _lovely_ words:
+
+     "The greatest care imaginable must be also taken that these
+     instructions do not fall into the hands of strangers, &c.; if
+     they should, _let it be positively denied that these are the
+     principles of the society_," &c.
+
+But again:
+
+     "Auquetil, in the fourth volume, page 333, of his History of
+     France, gives an account of the celebrated case of the
+     bankruptcy of the Rev. Father Jesuit La Valette, the Jesuit
+     agent, for three million francs. Their ships had been taken by
+     the English; the bankers in Marseilles, who had accepted bills
+     of exchange to the amount of one and a half millions, required
+     prompt payment. They wrote to De Sacy, the General Procurator
+     of the Missions; he wrote to the General at Rome, but the
+     General died at the same time; and before a new General could
+     be elected, and an order sent to pay the money, the Fathers had
+     become bankrupt, and suits were instituted. After delay and
+     manoeuvre on their part, the case came on unexpectedly in
+     1760. All the Jesuits were accused. They tried to lay the guilt
+     upon La Valette, but the bankers charged that all the Jesuits
+     were under the General, and La Valette was only agent. In this
+     sad condition they proposed to prove, according to their
+     constitutions, that as a society their body possessed nothing,
+     that all belonged to each college-house, convent, &c. The
+     proposal of the Jesuits was accepted. On the 8th of May, 1761,
+     after trial, the Parliament condemned the General and all the
+     society to pay bills, costs, damages, &c., which they did
+     without selling any of their property.
+
+     "It was in this evil hour to the Jesuits that their
+     constitutions, which had been acted upon for two hundred years
+     in secret, were brought to light. Rules and constitutions maybe
+     in existence and acted upon, when it would be impossible to
+     obtain a copy from any one who was sufficiently advanced in the
+     order to be trusted with a copy."
+
+It will astonish American Protestants to be told how numerous,
+influential, and strong the Catholics are in this land of liberty! They
+have 7 archbishops, 40 bishops, 1704 priests, 1824 churches, 21
+colleges, 37 ecclesiastical institutions for the education of priests
+and Jesuits, 117 female academies, all of which are, in reality,
+_Convents_. Nuns, priests, and Jesuits are the professors, teachers, and
+matrons; and, strange to say, _Protestant_ young ladies are their chief
+supporters!
+
+The Romish Hierarchy is far more numerous in _Protestant_ America, than
+in any Catholic country on earth. Their strength in America equals what
+it is in Ireland, Scotland, and England combined! How extensive is this
+religious organization in our land: how subtle! Its ramifications are
+all so many _arteries_, which receive their life's blood from the heart
+at Rome, and return it there by its regular palpitations! It is now
+concentrating its _arteries_ at Washington City, and is promised "aid
+and comfort" from the great Democratic party--a party fast becoming the
+foe of true liberty, and of the evangelical Protestant faith.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 6.
+
+     The Oath of a Bishop--Oath of a Priest--Oath of a Jesuit--Oath
+     of a San Fedisti--Oath of an Irish Ribbon-man--The Romish
+     Curse!
+
+
+In this chapter we will exhibit the "_horrible oaths_" of the various
+grades of Catholics, from a _Bishop_ down to a _private member_--even to
+the "Irish Ribbon-men," thousands of whom swarm the United States. To
+these we will add the oath of the "Order of San Fedisti," an infamous
+secret society established in Italy, and introduced for the first time
+into this country by that prince of murderers, _Bedini_, the Pope's
+Nuncio; who was honored with a steamer at the expense of our government,
+Pierce at its head, to sail round our northern lakes, organizing these
+infamous societies. Last of all, we give the ROMISH CURSE, which is in
+full force and power in all Catholic countries, and is even pronounced
+publicly in our large cities, upon renegades from the Catholic faith.
+
+These oaths will be found commencing on page 42 of "A Treatise of the
+Pope's Supremacy. By REV. ISAAC BARROW, D. D. Second American Edition,
+1844." By this author, the Latin is given and then translated. The same,
+in part, will be found in the debate between MR. BRECKENRIDGE, of the
+Presbyterian Church, and ARCHBISHOP HUGHES, and by the latter publicly
+acknowledged to be genuine, before a Baltimore audience who heard the
+discussion!
+
+But these particular forms of oaths in question, which reckless
+Catholics and unprincipled Democrats deny, were published in England by
+Archbishop Usher, whose correctness and reliability is equal to that of
+any man. These oaths will be found in a volume entitled "Foxes and
+Firebrands," from a collection of papers by Archbishop Usher, and it is
+there stated that "it remains on record at Paris, among the Society of
+Jesus," and was drawn up in that form to URBAN VIII., in 1642, when he
+revived the bull of Pious V., which had slumbered seventy-three years.
+These oaths, as published, contain nothing which is not taught by Popes
+and Councils, Priests and Jesuits. Examine these _oaths_, and this
+_curse_, and answer us the question, Can men taking them, and
+subscribing to their doctrines, make citizens of this Republic?
+
+
+OATH OF THE BISHOPS.
+
+     "I, G. N., elect of the church of N., from henceforth will be
+     _faithful_ and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle, and to the
+     holy Roman Church, and to our lord, the lord N. Pope N., and to
+     his successors canonically coming in. I will neither advise,
+     consent, nor do any thing that they may lose life or member, or
+     that their persons may be seized or hands anywise laid upon
+     them, or any injuries offered to them, under any pretence
+     whatsoever. The counsel which they shall intrust me withal by
+     themselves, their messengers, or letters, I will not knowingly
+     reveal to any to their prejudice. I will help them to defend
+     and keep the Roman Papacy and the royalties of St. Peter,
+     saving my order against all men. The legate of the Apostolic
+     see, going and coming, I will honorably treat, and help in his
+     necessities. The rights, honors, privileges, and authority of
+     the holy Roman Church, of our lord the Pope, and his aforesaid
+     successors, I will endeavor to preserve, defend, increase, and
+     advance. I will not be in any council, action, or treaty, in
+     which shall be plotted against our said lord and the said Roman
+     Church, any thing to the hurt or prejudice of their persons,
+     right, honor, state, or power; and if I shall know any such
+     thing to be treated or agitated by any whomsoever, I will
+     hinder it all that I can; and as soon as I can, will signify it
+     to our said lord, or to some other, by whom it may come to his
+     knowledge. The rules of the Holy Fathers, the Apostolic
+     decrees, ordinances, or disposals, reservations, provisions,
+     and mandates, I will observe with all my might, and cause by
+     others. Heretics, Schismatics, and Rebels to our said lord, or
+     his aforesaid successors, I will to the utmost of my power
+     persecute and oppose. I will come to a council when I am
+     called, unless I am hindered by a canonical impediment. I will,
+     by myself in person, visit the threshold of the Apostles every
+     three years; and give an account to our lord, and his aforesaid
+     successors, of all my pastoral office, and of all things
+     anywise belonging to the state of my church, to the discipline
+     of my clergy and people, and, lastly, to the salvation of souls
+     committed to my trust; and will, in like manner, humbly receive
+     and diligently execute the Apostolic commands. And if I be
+     detained by a lawful impediment, I will perform all things
+     aforesaid by a certain messenger hereto specially empowered, a
+     member of my Chapter or some other in ecclesiastical dignity,
+     or else having a parsonage; or in default of these, by a priest
+     of the diocese; or in default of one of the clergy, (of the
+     diocese,) by some other secular or regular priest of approved
+     integrity and religion, fully instructed in all things above
+     mentioned. And such impediment I will make out by lawful
+     proofs, to be transmitted by the aforesaid messenger to the
+     Cardinal proponent of the holy Roman Church, in the
+     Congregation of the Sacred Council. The possessions belonging
+     to my table, I will neither sell nor give away, mortgage nor
+     grant anew in fee, nor anywise alienate, no, not even with
+     consent of the Chapter of my Church, without consulting the
+     Roman Pontiff. And if I shall make any alienation, I will
+     thereby incur the penalties contained in a certain Constitution
+     put forth about this matter.
+
+     "So help me God, and these holy Gospels of God."
+
+
+OATH OF THE PRIESTS.
+
+     "I, A. B., do acknowledge the ecclesiastical power of his
+     holiness; and the mother Church of Rome, as the chief head and
+     matron above all pretended churches throughout the whole earth;
+     and that my zeal shall be for St. Peter and his successors, as
+     the founder of the true and ancient Catholic faith, against all
+     heretical kings, princes, states, or powers repugnant to the
+     same; and although I, A. B., may follow, in case of persecution
+     or otherwise, to be heretically despised, yet in soul and
+     conscience I shall hold, aid, and succor the mother Church of
+     Rome, as the true, ancient, and apostolic Church. I, A. B.,
+     further do declare not to act or control any matter or thing
+     prejudicial unto her, in her sacred orders, doctrines, tenets,
+     or commands, without leave of its supreme power or its
+     authority, under her appointed; and being so permitted, then to
+     act and further her interests more than my own earthly good and
+     earthly pleasure, as she and her Head, his Holiness, and his
+     successors have, or ought to have, the supremacy over all
+     kings, princes, estates, or powers whatsoever, either to
+     deprive them of their crowns, sceptres, powers, privileges,
+     realms, countries, or governments, or to set up others in lieu
+     thereof; they dissenting from the mother Church and her
+     commands."
+
+
+OATH OF THE JESUITS
+
+     "I, A. B., now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed
+     Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the Archangel, the blessed St.
+     John the Baptist, the holy apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, and
+     all the saints and hosts of heaven, and to you my ghostly
+     father, do declare from my heart, without mental reservation,
+     that his Holiness Pope ---- is Christ's Vicar General, and is
+     the true and only Head of the Catholic or universal Church
+     throughout the earth; and by the virtue of the keys of binding
+     and loosing, given to his Holiness by my Saviour Jesus Christ,
+     he hath power to depose heretical kings, princes, states,
+     commonwealths, and governments, all being illegal without his
+     sacred confirmation, and that they may safely be destroyed:
+     THEREFORE, to the utmost of my power, I shall and will defend
+     this doctrine, and his Holiness' rights and customs, against
+     all usurpers of the heretical (or Protestant) authority
+     whatsoever; especially against the now pretended authority and
+     Church of England, and all adherents, in regard that they and
+     she be usurpal and heretical, opposing the sacred mother Church
+     of Rome, I do renounce and disown any allegiance as due to
+     Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+     or officers, I do further declare the doctrine of the Church of
+     England, the Calvinists, Huguenots, and of others of the name
+     Protestants, to be damnable, and that they themselves are
+     damned, and to be damned, that will not forsake the same. I do
+     further declare, that I will help, assist, and advise all or
+     any of his Holiness' agents, in any place wherever I shall be,
+     in England, Scotland, and Ireland, or in any other territory or
+     kingdom I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the
+     heretical Protestant's doctrine, and to destroy all their
+     pretended powers, regal or otherwise. I do further promise and
+     declare, that notwithstanding I am dispensed with, to assume
+     any religion heretical, for the propagating of the mother
+     Church's interest, to keep secret and private all her agents'
+     counsels, from time to time, as they intrust me, and not to
+     divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing, or
+     circumstance, whatever, but to execute all that shall be
+     proposed, given in charge, or discovered unto me, by you my
+     ghostly father, or any of this sacred convent. All which, I, A.
+     B., do swear, by the blessed Sacrament I am now to receive, to
+     perform, and on my part to keep inviolable; and do call all the
+     heavenly and glorious host of heaven to witness these my real
+     intentions to keep this, my oath. In testimony hereof, I take
+     this most holy and blessed sacrament of the Eucharist, and
+     witness the same further with my hand and seal, in the face of
+     this holy convent this day--An. Dom., etc."
+
+
+OATH OF THE SAN FEDISTI.
+
+     "I, Son of the Holy Faith, No. --, promise and swear to sustain
+     the altar and the Papal throne, to exterminate heretics,
+     liberals, and all enemies of the Church, without pity for the
+     cries of children, or of men and women. So help me God."
+
+
+OATH OF THE IRISH RIBBON-MEN.
+
+     "I, Patrick McKenna, swear by Saints Peter and Paul, and by the
+     blessed Virgin Mary, to be always faithful to the Society (of
+     Ribbon-men); to keep and conceal all the secrets, and its words
+     of order; to be always ready to execute the commands of my
+     superior officers, and, as far as it shall lie in my power, to
+     extirpate all heretics, and ALL THE PROTESTANTS, and to walk in
+     their blood to the knee! May the Virgin Mary and all saints
+     help me! To-day, the 2d of July, 1852.
+
+     "PAT. MCKENNA, _from Tydavenet_."
+
+The following are the curses pronounced by the Papal Church against all
+who leave it for any Evangelical Church:
+
+
+THE ROMISH CURSE.
+
+     "By the authority of God Almighty, the Father, Son, and Holy
+     Ghost, and the undefiled Virgin Mary, mother and patroness of
+     our Saviour, and of all celestial virtues, Angels, Archangels,
+     Thrones, Dominions, Powers, Cherubim, and Seraphim; and of all
+     the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, and of all the Apostles and
+     Evangelists, of the Holy Innocents, who in the sight of the
+     Holy Lamb are found worthy to sing the new song of the Holy
+     Martyrs and Holy Confessors, and of all the Holy Virgins, and
+     of all Saints together with the holy elect of God; may he,
+     ----, be damned. We excommunicate and anathematize him from the
+     threshold of the Holy Church of God Almighty. We sequester him,
+     that lie may be tormented, disposed, and be delivered over with
+     Dathan and Abiram, and with those who say unto the Lord:
+     'Depart from us, we desire none of thy ways:' as a fire is
+     quenched with water, so let the light of him be put out for
+     evermore, unless he shall repent him and make satisfaction.
+     Amen!
+
+     "May the Father, who creates man, curse him! May the Son, who
+     suffered for us, curse him! May the Holy Ghost, who is poured
+     out in Baptism, curse him! May the Holy Cross, which Christ,
+     for our salvation, triumphing over his enemies, ascended, curse
+     him!
+
+     "May the Holy Mary, ever virgin and mother of God, curse him!
+     May St. Michael, the advocate of the Holy Souls, curse him! May
+     all the Angels, Principalities, and Powers, and all Heavenly
+     Armies, curse him! May the glorious band of the Patriarchs and
+     Prophets curse him!
+
+     "May St. John the Precursor, and St. John the Baptist, and St.
+     Peter, and St. Paul, and St. Andrew, and all other of Christ's
+     Apostles together, curse him! And may all the rest of the
+     Disciples and Evangelists, who, by their preaching converted
+     the universe, and the holy and wonderful company of Martyrs and
+     Confessors, who by their works are found pleasing to God
+     Almighty, curse him! May the holy choir of the Holy Virgins,
+     who for the honor of Christ have despised the things of the
+     world, damn him! May all the saints from the beginning of the
+     world to everlasting ages, who are found to be beloved of God,
+     damn him!
+
+     "May he be damned wherever he be, whether in the house, or in
+     the alley, or in the water, or in the church! May he be cursed
+     in living and dying!
+
+     "May he be cursed in eating and drinking, in being hungry, in
+     being thirsty, in fasting, and sleeping, in slumbering, and in
+     sitting, in living, in working, in resting, and * * * and in
+     blood-letting.
+
+     "May he be cursed in all the faculties of his body!
+
+     "May he be cursed inwardly and outwardly! May he be cursed in
+     his hair; cursed be he in his brains, and in his vertex, in his
+     temples, in his eyebrows, in his cheeks, in his jaw-bones, in
+     his nostrils, in his teeth and grinders, in his lips, in his
+     shoulders, in his arms, in his fingers!
+
+     "May he be damned in his mouth, in his breast, in his heart,
+     and purtenances, down to the very stomach!
+
+     "May he be cursed in his reins and his groins; in his thighs,
+     in his genitals, and in his hips, and in his knees, his legs,
+     and his feet, and toe-nails!
+
+     "May he be cursed in all his joints, and articulation of the
+     members; from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet
+     may there be no soundness!
+
+     "May the Son of the living God, with all the glory of His
+     Majesty, curse him! And may heaven, with all the powers that
+     move therein, rise up against him, and curse and damn him;
+     unless he repent and make satisfaction! Amen! So be it. Be it
+     so. Amen!"
+
+Now, we ask all candid men whose eyes have not been blinded by the dust
+of Popery and Democracy, can a Bishop or Priest, a Jesuit or Catholic,
+with these oaths upon their souls, be true American citizens? Not
+without the guilt of perjury, as black as the altar of a Roman
+Confessional! And if guilty of such perjury, the penitentiary should be
+their canonical residence for life! Strange to say, however, the Chief
+Justice of the United States, Roger B. Taney, is a Roman Catholic! Gen.
+Pierce's Postmaster-General, James Campbell, is both a Roman Catholic,
+and a member of the Order of Jesuits, having taken this very oath! Roman
+Catholics are now on the Federal Bench in the United States: Roman
+Catholics fill the offices of Attorneys-general; Roman Catholics
+represent this Government abroad; and Roman Catholics fill post-offices,
+land-offices, and a variety of offices at home, out of which Protestants
+were driven by Pierce's Administration, to make room for them!
+
+
+
+
+LETTER FROM THOMAS A. R. NELSON, ESQ.
+
+
+This gentleman, an able lawyer of East Tennessee, a member of the
+Presbyterian Church, and a member of the American party, was nominated
+an Elector for the State of Tennessee at large, by the American State
+Convention at Nashville, in February last. Though an ardent American--a
+great friend of _Mr. Fillmore_--and a member of the late Philadelphia
+Convention, and aided in the nomination of _Maj. Donelson_, he has been
+reluctantly compelled to decline the position of Elector. Under date of
+May 30, 1856, he addressed a letter of nine columns, of great force and
+ability, to _Messrs. A. W. Johnson, Robert C. Foster, 3d., John H.
+Callender, William N. Bilbo, Sam'l. Pritchett, and E. D. Farnsworth,
+State Executive Committee of the American Party, Nashville, Tennessee_,
+declining the position. Although we regret his inability to serve, as do
+the whole party in this State, yet, if his letter could be placed in the
+hands of every voter in the State, we would be willing to risk the
+contest without further discussion. Such is our estimate of this
+document. For the benefit of "Old Line Whigs," and such Democrats as are
+disposed to excuse and apologise for Romanism, we give the four
+concluding columns of this letter. The five preceding columns are mainly
+occupied with an outline and defence of the action of the Philadelphia
+Nominating Convention, and a discussion of the slavery
+question--questions we had discussed in this work before this document
+came to hand. Mr. Nelson concludes thus:
+
+     "The Foreigners and Catholics were directly appealed to in the
+     Presidential elections of 1848 and 1852. Who does not remember
+     that, immediately preceding the election in 1844, fraudulent
+     naturalization papers were manufactured in New York? Who has
+     forgotten the Plaquemines fraud in Louisiana? Who has not heard
+     of the abuse of Mr. Frelinghuysen for no other cause than that
+     he was the President of the American Bible Society?
+
+     "But, without dwelling upon other illustrations, look to the
+     Democratic platform of 1852, and read the 8th section of the
+     third resolution, which is in the following words:
+
+     "'That the liberal principles embodied by Jefferson in the
+     Declaration of Independence and sanctioned in the Constitution,
+     which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the
+     oppressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal principles
+     in the Democratic faith, and every attempt to abridge the
+     present privilege of becoming citizens and the owners of soil
+     among us, ought to be resisted with the same spirit which swept
+     the alien and sedition laws from our statute books.'
+
+     "During the last election in Tennessee, it was often said by
+     Democrats that they were just as much opposed to the
+     immigration of foreign criminals and paupers as members of the
+     American party, but would not attach themselves to the latter
+     because of their objections to its organization. But the
+     Democratic Platform of 1852 contains no exception against
+     criminals and paupers. The naturalization laws have, in
+     practice, been found inadequate to their exclusion, and the
+     platform, in effect, avows unqualified adherence to them
+     without _abridgement_ or modification.
+
+     "These laws are, in substance, declared to have '_ever been
+     cardinal principles_ in the Democratic faith.' By its own
+     avowal, the Democratic party is responsible for giving
+     encouragement to the whole policy of foreign immigration. If
+     that policy has flooded the country with criminals and paupers;
+     if it has produced riots and bloodshed in our large cities; if
+     it has endangered the religious as well as the civil liberty of
+     Protestants; if it has swelled the ranks of Abolition and
+     fanned the flame of Agitation--the Democratic party, by its own
+     avowal, is amenable at the bar of public opinion for these
+     astounding and deplorable results. Reckless of consequences, it
+     has persevered in a system hazardous to the stability of our
+     institutions, because that system has annually swelled the
+     number of its adherents, and increased the chances of its
+     perpetual ascendency.
+
+     "Without adverting to the census tables, or repeating those
+     familiar facts connected with the statistics of immigration
+     which have been so extensively published, it is sufficient to
+     observe that, under this continued patronage of the Democratic
+     party, the immigration of foreigners has increased from a few
+     thousands, twenty years ago, to nearly half a million in 1854.
+
+     "But the Democratic party cannot justly claim the exclusive
+     honor of projecting or carrying out the system. More than
+     twenty years ago, the Duke of Richmond declared, in substance,
+     that he had conversed with most of the sovereigns and princes
+     of Europe; that they were jealous of the influence of our
+     republican institutions upon their own Government; that they
+     did not expect to conquer us as a nation, but designed the
+     subversion of our Government by the introduction of the low and
+     surplus population of Europe among us; that 'discord,
+     dissension, anarchy, and civil war would ensue, and some
+     popular individual would assume the government and restore
+     order, and the sovereigns of Europe, the emigrants, and many of
+     the natives, would sustain him.' He also said, in speaking of
+     the United States, that 'the Church of Rome has a design upon
+     that country, and it will, in time, be the established
+     religion, and will aid in the destruction of that republic.'
+
+     "These statements of the Duke of Richmond are abundantly
+     corroborated by other declarations, as well as the most
+     undeniable facts which have occurred since their promulgation.
+
+     "I have in my possession, among various others, two small books
+     published by 'the American and Foreign Christian Union,' 156
+     Chambers street, New York, the one entitled 'Foreign
+     Conspiracy,' the other, 'Startling Facts,' both of which, as I
+     infer from their contents, were written in the year 1834, long
+     before the American party had an existence. The work entitled
+     'Foreign Conspiracy' is composed of a series of articles
+     originally published, over the signature of Brutus, in the New
+     York Observer. They now appear with the name of the author,
+     SAMUEL F. B. MORSE. His object in writing the work was to
+     arouse public attention to the efforts then being made in
+     Europe to propagate the Catholic religion in the United States,
+     and to show its danger to our republican institutions. He
+     traces the origin of the Leopold Foundation in Austria, under
+     the especial patronage of the Emperor at Vienna on the 12th
+     May, 1829, and shows that one of its leading objects was 'to
+     promote the greater activity of Catholic missions in America.'
+
+     "The letter of Prince _Metternich_ to Bishop Fenwich, of
+     Cincinnati, under date, Vienna, April 27, 1830, is set out at
+     length; and, in that letter, the Prince informs the Bishop,
+     among other things, that the Emperor 'allows his people to
+     contribute to the support of the Catholic Church in America.'
+     Numerous quotations are made from the letters of Foreign
+     Bishops in the United States to their patrons at home, and,
+     among the rest, on page 85, is the following statement, made by
+     one of them, in regard to the people of the United States: 'We
+     entreat all European Christians to unite in prayer to God for
+     the conversion of these unhappy heathen and obstinate
+     heretics.' But, forbearing to multiply quotations from this
+     little work, admirable in most of its positions, my main
+     object, in citing it, was to make the following extract, from
+     page 15 of the preface, taken by the author from the lectures
+     of the celebrated Frederick Schlegel, delivered at Vienna in
+     1828, where that distinguished foreigner says, 'The true
+     nursery of all these destructive principles, the revolutionary
+     school for France and the rest of Europe, has been North
+     America. Thence the evil has spread over many other lands,
+     either by national contagion or by arbitrary communication;'
+     and also the following quotation, from page 118 of Mr. Morse's
+     book: 'Austria, one of the Holy Alliance of sovereigns, leagued
+     against the liberties of the world, has the superintendence _of
+     the operations of Popery in this country_.'
+
+     "In the tract entitled 'Startling Facts for American
+     Protestants,' written in the year 1834, by REV. HERMAN NORTON,
+     Corresponding Secretary of the American Protestant Society,
+     from pages 27 to 39, an account is given of a London pamphlet
+     entitled 'New Plan of Emigration,' the production of a Roman
+     Catholic gentleman, a London Banker; in which a project for
+     occupying the North Western States with the Roman Catholic
+     population of Europe, is unfolded, together with _a map of the
+     country_, and, among other things, it is said, on page 29: 'The
+     first settlements should be made in those fertile prairie
+     districts situated on the southern sides of the Canadian lakes,
+     _where slavery is unknown_. On page 28, the objects of this
+     society, as set forth in this pamphlet, are stated to be,
+
+     "'1. To provide the means for colonizing the surplus Roman
+     Catholic population of Europe in our Western States.
+
+     "'2. To do this in such a way as to create a large demand for
+     articles of British manufacture.
+
+     "'3. _To make Romanism the predominant religion of this
+     country._'
+
+     "The census tables will show that, since these plans were set
+     on foot, in England and in Europe, to break down our
+     government, there has been an astonishing increase in the
+     foreign immigration to this country. Great as it was prior to
+     the Revolutions in Europe in 1848, it has been amazingly
+     augmented since that time. Millions of foreign money have been
+     collected in Europe and expended since the organization of the
+     society for the propagation of the faith, at Lyons in France,
+     about the year 1822, in the United States. While an Austrian
+     Emperor has had the charge, in a good degree, of the
+     propagation of the Catholic religion in the United States, the
+     public authorities in various parts of Europe have defrayed the
+     expenses of their criminals and paupers to this country, as was
+     clearly shown by Congressional investigations.
+
+     "What do these facts prove? Why, that the declaration of the
+     Duke of Richmond, that the crowned heads of Europe intended to
+     subvert our government, was true. What more do they prove? Why,
+     that the effort to establish the Catholic religion in this
+     country has, for more than twenty years, been conducted with
+     steady perseverance, until the Catholics, who, in 1850, were
+     more numerous, as the census compendium shows, than any one
+     denomination of Methodists, are now no doubt stronger than all
+     the Methodists put together, and stronger than any other
+     denomination of Protestants.
+
+     "While these publications have been before the American people
+     for more than twenty years, Democratic leaders have received,
+     with open arms, the swarms of foreigners who have settled upon
+     our shores. What care _they_ for the slavery question, when
+     they have seen this foreign immigration, according to the plan
+     concerted in England, settling in the non-slaveholding States,
+     and every year increasing the Abolition power? What care they
+     for the Protestant religion, if the Catholics can only give
+     them the numerical strength at the ballot-box? What regard have
+     _they_ for the preservation of our liberties, when European
+     despots are seeking to undermine them, if those despots only
+     send such myrmidons as will shout hosannas to Democracy and
+     drive from the polls peaceful American citizens who oppose
+     them? Is the preservation of the Union a matter of any
+     consequence to them? Do they not in vision behold its scattered
+     fragments and contemplate new confederacies, with hosts of new
+     offices and millions of spoil?
+
+     "Can any one doubt that the Democratic party is in league with
+     all the dangerous elements that have disturbed and are
+     continuing to disturb our once peaceful and happy country, and
+     that they stickle at nothing when votes are at stake?
+
+     "Look to their conduct in running Mr. Polk as a tariff man in
+     the North, and an anti-tariff man in the South! Look to the two
+     lives of Cass. Look to their equivocal position as to slavery
+     and the Union. Look to their appeals to foreigners and
+     Catholics by name in the elections of 1844 and 1852, and
+     probably in 1848. Look to their alliance with Free Germans and
+     Fourierites, Free Soilers and Secessionists. And, above all,
+     look to the miserable cant with which they raise the hue and
+     cry of persecution in favor of the Catholics, and, indirectly,
+     deny to Protestant ministers the right to make war upon a huge
+     corporation, calling itself a church, dealing in human souls,
+     reeking with the blood of martyrs, and begrimed with more than
+     ten centuries of oppression.
+
+     "No wonder that they have vilified and denounced the American
+     party with every term of opprobrium that our vocabulary can
+     furnish. No wonder they talk of dark lanterns and secret oaths
+     and midnight assemblies. No wonder that they strive to frighten
+     their followers with the notion that the American party is a
+     raw-head and bloody bones, which should be shunned and avoided.
+     For, if honest men of that party will only take the trouble to
+     shake off the control of their leaders: to think, examine, to
+     read, reflect, and act for themselves, there are thousands of
+     Democrats in the South who would scorn, like the American
+     party, an alliance with Abolitionists, and there are tens of
+     thousands of Protestant Union-loving Democrats everywhere, who
+     have only confided in, to be deceived and betrayed by, their
+     leaders, and, if they discover, as it is hoped they will, that
+     they have brought them to the crumbling verge of an awful
+     precipice, they have patriotism enough and Protestantism enough
+     to break away from them rather than make the awful plunge.
+
+     "I regret that I am admonished by the length to which I have
+     extended this communication, that I cannot now discuss the
+     Catholic question, as I had hoped to do at the outset, and I
+     shall present only a few disjointed remarks in connection with
+     it.
+
+     "The American party does not seek to impose any religious test
+     such as prevailed in the reign of Charles II., when two
+     thousand Non-conformist ministers were driven from their
+     pulpits, or such, as in the same reign, was imposed upon Roman
+     Catholics and continued from 1673 to 1828. The American party
+     does not propose that any religious test, of any kind, shall be
+     imposed by law, upon any person whatever, but it does seek to
+     organize a public sentiment on the Catholic question, just in
+     the same mode that, in times past, parties have sought to
+     organize public sentiment upon the tariff question--the bank
+     question--the internal improvement question--the temperance
+     question, and every other question which has been the subject
+     of difference. If it is lawful to say, I will not vote for you
+     because you are a Whig, it is equally lawful to say--I will not
+     vote for you because you are a foreigner. If it is lawful to
+     say, I will not vote for you because you are a Democrat, it is
+     equally lawful to say, I will not vote for you because you are
+     a Catholic.
+
+     "Neither does the American party propose, in the slightest
+     degree, to interfere with any of the rights secured to Roman
+     Catholics, in common with others, by the Constitution. If they
+     choose to worship a great DOLL as the Virgin Mary--to burn tall
+     wax-candles in daylight--to pray to God in an unknown
+     tongue--to believe that a simple wafer is the actual body, and
+     common wine the very blood of our Saviour--to enforce the
+     celibacy of the clergy--to worship the host--to believe that
+     old toe-nails and pieces of wood are precious relics--to
+     prevent their people from reading the Bible--to refuse to send
+     their children to Protestant schools--to retain the
+     confessional and the nunnery--to pin their faith to
+     unauthenticated traditions--to assert that theirs is the only
+     true Church, and to perpetrate a thousand ridiculous
+     mummeries--the members of the American party with one accord
+     will say, molest them not, disturb them not, trouble them not;
+     the religious privileges of this country are as free to them as
+     they are to us, and we will not, by law or by violence,
+     interrupt or interfere with them in the slightest degree. But
+     knowing that the Catholic Church was for a thousand years
+     allied to the State; that it claimed dominion, in temporal as
+     well as spiritual affairs, over the kings of the earth; that it
+     regards the Pope as the Vicegerent of the Almighty; that he
+     wears the tiara as the symbol of his power in heaven, earth,
+     and hell; that Romanists treat all other professions as
+     heretics; that its Archbishops, Bishops and Priests are sworn
+     to persecute all who differ with them; that the persecuting
+     spirit of that Church has been displayed, for centuries, in the
+     most odious acts of cruelty as well as the most despotic
+     tyranny that ever cursed the earth; that fire and faggot,
+     confiscation and torture have been its favorite weapons; that
+     no age, or sex or condition has been exempt from its inhuman
+     butcheries and demoniac lusts; that it exterminated the
+     Albigenses and Waldenses; that it caused the gutters of Paris
+     to run with human blood on St. Bartholomew's day; that it
+     lighted the fires of Smithfield; that through the
+     instrumentality of Tyrconnel and Catholic and Irish Rappadees,
+     it perpetrated the inhuman atrocities of the Irish Massacres;
+     that, it drove the Huguenots from France, and the Puritans from
+     England; that it has delighted in the chains and dungeons of
+     the Inquisition, and shouted, with fiendish exultation, at the
+     cries and groans of the victims in the _auto da fe_; that no
+     republican government has ever flourished under its sway; that
+     it regards ignorance as the mother of devotion, and denies the
+     obligation of an oath; that it gave rise to the Order of
+     Jesuits, the most detestable sect that the earth has ever seen;
+     that, in the midst of the blaze of the nineteenth century, it
+     has burned the Bible in America and imprisoned men and women in
+     Europe for no other offence than that of reading it; that,
+     abusing the freedom of the press and speech secured in the
+     United States, it unblushingly avows that all Protestantism is
+     heresy--that it is a crime--and punished in _Christian
+     countries like Spain and Italy_ as a crime; that it has
+     banished the Bible from Protestant schools, when under its
+     control; that it has intermeddled in political elections, and
+     is struggling for political power; that it wears a mask and
+     claims to be harmless in this country for present effect,
+     although it has never renounced one of its dogmas in any
+     authoritative mode; that it is typified, in the Bible, as the
+     Man of Sin and the Great Whore of Babylon; that it comes to us
+     as an angel of light, but is allied with the Prince of
+     Darkness: knowing all these things, and believing that the
+     Roman Catholic Church, now that it is covered with the broad
+     wings of Modern Democracy, partakes of its meat and is pampered
+     by its patronage, is, infinitely, the most dangerous political
+     power with which the people of the United States have ever been
+     compelled to grapple, the American party invites all who love
+     national liberty more than Democracy; who prefer civil and
+     religious freedom to the spoils of office; who revere the
+     memory of Tyndale, Luther, and Calvin; of Cranmer, Latimer, and
+     Ridley; of the seven Bishops; of Fox; of the Puritan fathers;
+     of Wesley and Hall; of the Reformers and Protestants of every
+     name, and, more than all, of our revolutionary ancestors, to
+     burst the fetters of party and come to the rescue of their
+     bleeding country, bleeding at every pore from wounds inflicted
+     by Democratic hands, amidst the jeers of European despots, the
+     shouts of foreigners in our midst, and the taunts and sneers of
+     Catholics and Jesuits all around us!
+
+     "Let not Protestant ministers be intimidated by the impudent
+     assaults of a venal press, or the fierce denunciations of
+     infuriated politicians, from doing their whole duty in the
+     pulpit and at the polls. No Presbyterian has ever denied to a
+     Methodist the right to question his religious faith, and no
+     Methodist will dispute the right of other denominations to
+     impugn his creed. Methodists have assailed the Presbyterian
+     doctrine of election. Presbyterians, in turn, have assailed
+     their ideas of perfection and falling from grace. Both have
+     controverted the Baptists' views of immersion, and all have
+     denied the Episcopalians' doctrine of _apostolic succession_.
+     These and many other points of difference have, from the
+     foundation of our government, often been the subjects of
+     earnest, protracted, and excited discussion; but when did any
+     American Protestant ever deny to another American Protestant
+     the constitutional right to differ with him in opinion, and to
+     express that difference through the press, in the pulpit, or
+     any other constitutional mode? Yet, it has been reserved for
+     Democratic presses to attempt, for electioneering purposes, to
+     curb the free spirit of Protestant ministers: to denounce them
+     as "REVEREND HYPOCRITES;" and, when beholding at home and
+     abroad, on the land and on the sea, among Christians and
+     Pagans, in the halls of legislation, in churches and schools,
+     in free speech, and in a free press, and in ten thousand other
+     forms, the magnificent and glorious results of the Reformation,
+     to ask, with impudent assurance, 'WHAT HAS PROTESTANTISM DONE
+     FOR THE WORLD?' Not satisfied with the storm of execration
+     which such an infamous interrogatory produced, the Nashville
+     Union and American, the leading Democratic paper in Tennessee,
+     in a very abusive article entitled '_What has it
+     accomplished?_' under date of April 26, 1856, thus speaks,
+     among other things, of what he styles 'the Know Nothing
+     Organization:'
+
+     "'_It has done more than this: it has gone into the Church and_
+     CONVERTED THE PULPIT INTO A POLITICAL ROSTRUM--_it has turned
+     the attention of the ministry from_ THE PEACEFUL PATHS OF
+     CHRISTIANITY TO THE ARENA OF POLITICAL TURMOIL--_it has pulled
+     down the banner of the Cross, and placed in its stead_ THE RED
+     FLAG OF INTOLERANCE AND PROSCRIPTION.'
+
+     "While Protestant ministers, in the enjoyment of the rights
+     secured to them by the Constitution, have, as before stated,
+     often engaged in controversies with each other as to their
+     differences in matters of Church government and speculative
+     faith, they have, with one accord, from the foundation of the
+     government, preached and published their views against the
+     Roman Catholic Church--which arrogates a superiority over them
+     all, and stigmatizes them as sects--long before the American
+     party ever had an existence. But because, in the course of
+     events, it has become necessary for politicians to inquire what
+     effect an acknowledgment of the temporal supremacy of the Pope
+     may have upon our free institutions, the Democratic party--if
+     it is to be judged of by its organ--would gag the Protestant
+     clergy, deny to them a right which they have always exercised,
+     and, if they dare to oppose the colossal strides of Rome,
+     denounce them as having converted the pulpit into a _political
+     rostrum_,' and as having raised '_the red flag of Intolerance
+     and Proscription_.'
+
+     "It is not for me to prescribe, nor do I desire to dictate the
+     duty of Protestant ministers; but if, in the combined efforts
+     which the Catholics have been making under the patronage of
+     European despots and noblemen, and the encouragement of
+     Democratic demagogues in our own country, they see that this
+     tremendous corporation has planted its footsteps in all our
+     large cities--is possessing itself of the North-West and the
+     Mississippi valley--and is encircling them, as it were, with a
+     wall of fire: if they see that the newspapers and periodicals
+     of that corporation have published doctrines in this free
+     country which they would scarcely avow in the Roman Catholic
+     countries of Europe: if, in one word, they believe that they
+     are to be persecuted and exterminated by Catholics, or take
+     care of themselves before it is too late--then Protestant
+     ministers, agreeing as they do in all great doctrines, and
+     differing only as to those which are not absolutely essential,
+     will cease to disagree among themselves, at least until after
+     they avert a common danger, and will rally as a band of
+     brethren to resist, in such mode as they may deem proper, the
+     encroachments and the insults of Rome, and all her satellites
+     and allies.
+
+     "If I do not greatly err in the estimate which I place upon the
+     Protestant clergymen of America, the Democratic party and the
+     Catholics will discover, sooner or later, that the same spirit
+     which caused the Protestant fathers to brave the perils of the
+     BOOT and the STAKE: to stand, without flinching, before such
+     miscreant judges as _Jeffreys_ and _Scroggs_: to yield two
+     thousand pulpits and look beggary and starvation in the face,
+     rather than compromise with conscience; and, above all, to risk
+     the untried dangers of the ocean and settle among savages--will
+     nobly animate their descendants, and they will act in a manner
+     worthy of themselves and of the great cause which is intrusted
+     to their keeping.
+
+     "Never was a more unfounded charge made against any party than
+     that of _proscription_ against the American party. It is only
+     the political feature--the allegiance to the Pope of
+     Rome--which we have felt called upon especially to oppose:
+     leaving it to Protestant ministers to expose, if they choose,
+     the absurdity of Catholic theological tenets.
+
+     "It is a historical fact that the Romish clergy of France in
+     1682, under the lead of Louis XIV., made a declaration that
+     'Kings and sovereigns are not subject to any ecclesiastical
+     power by the order of God in temporal things, and their
+     subjects cannot be released from the obedience which they owe
+     them, nor absolved from their oath of allegiance.' The doctrine
+     of this declaration is called indifferently 'the Gallican, or
+     the French, or the Cis-Alpine doctrine. That of the Court of
+     Rome is called the Italian, or trans-Alpine doctrine."
+
+     "Under the solemn assurance of the Louisiana delegation that
+     the native Catholics of Louisiana do not acknowledge the
+     temporal supremacy of the Pope, they were admitted to
+     representation in the American Council and Convention, and this
+     fact abundantly proves that there is no desire to _persecute_
+     Catholics for their religion, but only a determination to
+     resist their political doctrine, which, although denied by Mr.
+     Chandler in Congress, has been incontrovertibly established by
+     the history of that Church for ages, the avowals of Mr.
+     Brownson, the rebuke of Mr. Chandler by the Dublin Tablet, and
+     other overwhelming proofs.
+
+     "In concluding this letter, it would, perhaps, be proper to
+     dwell upon the claims of Messrs. Fillmore and Donelson to the
+     support of the American people of all parties; but their
+     characters are so well known, and I have already so extended my
+     remarks, that I deem it unnecessary to observe any thing more
+     than that Mr. Fillmore, by the faithful discharge of his duty,
+     won the most cordial approbation of his political enemies as
+     well as political friends, and had the confidence of the whole
+     country when he retired from office, and has done nothing since
+     to destroy it; while Maj. Donelson, as our Minister to Texas,
+     to Prussia, and to Denmark, sustained the dignity of our
+     country and acquitted himself with honor--denounced the
+     unhallowed proceedings of the Southern Convention--struggled
+     manfully, as the Democratic editor of the Washington Union, in
+     behalf of the Compromise, and never withdrew from it until May,
+     1852, when, so far as I understand his course from his public
+     acts, being unwilling to 'blow hot and cold' on the slavery
+     question, and to aid the Democratic party in wearing a Northern
+     and a Southern face, he indignantly retired from it, and
+     subsequently attached himself to the American party in the hope
+     that it could carry on his most cherished object--the
+     preservation of the Union.
+
+     "The object of selecting an old-line Whig and an old-line
+     Democrat, was to nail to the counter the charge that the
+     American party is the Whig party in disguise, and to induce, if
+     possible, conservative men of both the old parties to unite and
+     rescue the country from Democratic misrule.
+
+     "Hundreds, thousands of Democrats in Tennessee, acting upon
+     their own impulses and without concert with their leaders,
+     attached themselves to the American party, but under the abuse
+     of the leaders withdrew from it. Although, personally, I have
+     no claims upon the Democracy, and have been always opposed to
+     that party, yet I would respectfully observe that first
+     impressions are often the best, and if such Democrats will take
+     the trouble faithfully and honestly to examine the questions of
+     the day for themselves, uninfluenced by the dictation of party
+     leaders on either side, they will, doubtless, find many and
+     cogent reasons to return to their first love.
+
+     "But to such of the old-line Whigs as have not already gone
+     over to the Democratic party, I do feel that I have the right
+     through this or any other medium to address a few words. It is
+     well known that I have been a Whig from my boyhood, and until I
+     attached myself to the American party about twelve months ago;
+     and that, in some form or other, I have labored in behalf of
+     the Whig cause from my youth up--in good report and evil
+     report, in prosperity and in adversity, and without fee or
+     reward. And, with great deference to the opinions of others, I
+     would inquire what has any old-line Whig to gain, either for
+     his country or himself, by listening to the seductive
+     flatteries of Democracy, as he looks upon the dismembered
+     fragments of the Whig party, or sits, like Marius, amid the
+     ruins of Carthage? What party is it that has brought about the
+     desolation you behold? To whose strategy was it owing that the
+     once impregnable city was betrayed and surrounded, and its
+     lofty battlements levelled with the dust? What foul coalition
+     circumvented you, and whose pestilential breath is now
+     whispering in your ear? Has that party against which you have
+     fought for twenty years--which you have regarded as essentially
+     corrupt and dangerous to the Union--all at once, and by some
+     magical and unknown process, been cleansed of its impurities,
+     and does it stand before you clothed in a white and spotless
+     robe? What are some of the reasons why you opposed it?
+
+     "It denounced proscription for opinion's sake before it came
+     into power, but kept the guillotine in continual motion
+     afterwards. It rebuked any interference with the freedom of
+     elections, and then denied its doctrine, and sought in
+     countless ways to control them. It charged the administration
+     of John Quincy Adams with reckless extravagance, and has
+     expended as much, or nearly as much, of the public treasure in
+     one year as he did in the course of his administration. It was
+     favorable to _a_ bank, a judicious tariff, and internal
+     improvements by the general government, but has crushed beneath
+     its iron heel the whole American system. It promised a gold and
+     silver currency, and told the farmers that they and their wives
+     should have 'long silken purses, through the interstices of
+     which the yellow gold would shine and glitter,' but has given
+     us instead more than thirteen hundred State bonds, with a
+     capital of more than three hundred millions. It has united the
+     purse and the sword by means of its odious Sub-Treasury. It
+     trampled beneath its feet the broad seal of the State of New
+     Jersey, and encouraged Dorr's rebellion.
+
+     "It annexed Texas and California, and has strengthened the
+     Abolition power. It sustains the frequent use of the veto, and
+     under the name of Democracy delights in the exercise of
+     monarchical prerogative. It proclaimed in 1844 and 1845, that
+     not a thimblefull of blood would be shed by any war growing out
+     of the annexation of Texas, when that war sacrificed thousands
+     of lives, and has cost us millions in money and land. It
+     boasted, in regard to the Oregon question, that we must have
+     '54° 40´ or fight,' but swallowed its own words, and in later
+     times has attempted to retrieve its courage by the sublime and
+     magnificent bombardment of Greytown! It ordered General Taylor
+     into the heart of the Mexican country with a feeble force, and
+     when his victories had won the grateful plaudits of his
+     countrymen, it had the unparalleled meanness, while he was
+     still fighting our battles, to censure the capitulation of
+     Monterey. It had the baseness to call General Scott from the
+     head of a victorious army, and to attempt to disgrace him in
+     the eyes of his own country and the world. It denounced Judge
+     White as a renegade, General Harrison as a coward, Mr. Clay as
+     a blackguard, and General Scott as a fool. And, without
+     repeating what has been already urged in regard to its attitude
+     upon the slavery question and the other topics that have been
+     discussed, I submit to the old-line Whigs that there is no
+     principle which the Democratic party sincerely holds in common
+     with them, and that they should unite with us in the effort to
+     man the ship of State with officers and men devoted to the
+     Constitution and true to the Union, in the hope that it may be
+     rescued from the whirlpools and breakers among which it has
+     been so recklessly conducted.
+
+     "Having expressed myself with the independence which should
+     characterize a freeman, I cannot expect that a party which has
+     dealt in the most unmitigated denunciation of wiser and better
+     men than myself, will permit my observations to pass with
+     impunity, but I shall be amply compensated for their abuse if
+     abler tongues and pens will improve upon these hurried remarks,
+     and teach our Democratic traducers that they cannot continue,
+     without just retaliation, their unjustifiable assaults upon the
+     American party.
+
+     "Yours respectfully,
+
+     "THOS. A. R. NELSON."
+
+
+
+
+PROSCRIBING FOREIGNERS--FOREIGN IMMIGRATION--FOREIGN PAUPERS AND
+CRIMINALS--FOREIGNERS ELECTED GEN. PIERCE--OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN.
+
+
+The issue which most disturbs the Sag-Nicht Foreign Catholic Locofoco
+Dry-rot _patriots_, of the present day, in connection with the
+principles of the American party, is their _proscription_ of
+foreign-born citizens. If the reader will turn back to the Philadelphia
+Platform, and consult the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 9th sections of that
+instrument, it will be seen that the American party really proscribe
+only those who are proscribed by the _Constitution of the United
+States_, and the laws defining the rights of foreign-born citizens. The
+American party demand the enactment of laws upon this subject more
+_definite_, and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
+
+The only _positive_ work which the Constitution does, in regard to
+foreigners, is to _proscribe_. It contains but five clauses touching the
+subject: four of these are PROHIBITORY, and the other is simply
+_permissive_. There is no guaranteeing clause whatever. We must be
+pardoned for recalling the very language of the Constitution--for in
+this _progressive_ age, our "Young American" generation is fast losing
+sight of the plainest features of that document: which, with
+Fillibustering, Fire-eating agitators, is _Old Fogyism_! Let the
+Constitution speak for itself:
+
+Section 5, Article II. of the Constitution says: "No person, except a
+natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of
+the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of
+President." That is proscription.
+
+Section 3, Article XII., says: "No person constitutionally ineligible to
+the office of President shall be eligible to the office of
+Vice-President of the United States." That is proscription.
+
+Section 8, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Senator who shall not
+have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of
+these United States." That is proscription.
+
+Section 2, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Representative who
+shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven
+years a citizen." This is proscription.
+
+These are the disabilities imposed upon Foreigners after they have been
+made citizens. But, more than this, the Constitution leaves it
+discretionary whether to make them citizens at all. It simply confers
+the power--_simply permits_. Here is the remaining clause, to which we
+have alluded:
+
+Section 8, Article I., says: "Congress shall have power to establish a
+uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of
+bankruptcies throughout the United States."
+
+But let us notice the matter of foreign emigration to this country. In
+that fragment of a nation, composed of three and a quarter millions,
+which accomplished the American Revolution, there were in the United
+Colonies, in the year 1775, just 20,000 more foreigners than now come
+into this country in six months!
+
+The progress of emigration into this country, as shown from the State
+Department at Washington, is after this fashion:
+
+In the year 1852,                                             375,000
+In the year 1853,                                             368,000
+In the year 1854, the returns of the first six months
+warrant the estimate for the entire year of                   500,000
+                                                            ---------
+The aggregate, for the first four and a half years of
+this decennial term, is                                     1,801,000
+
+There is no reason for believing that the vast immigration
+of this year will diminish. In fact, there is no
+limit to its rate of progress but the means of conveyance.
+Now, then, we have upon this basis an aggregate
+for the six years and a half intervening between
+this period and 1860, of                                    3,250,000
+                                                            ---------
+Making for the current ten years, the astounding aggregate
+of                                                          5,051,000
+
+Let Americans charge continually that the righteous ground upon which it
+plants itself is, THAT AMERICANS SHALL RULE AMERICA. Let them point the
+voters of the country to solid facts, from which there is no escape.
+Tell them that the emigration to this country, according to the Census
+records at Washington, was:
+
+      From 1790 to 1810     120,000
+        "  1810 to 1820     114,000
+        "  1820 to 1830     203,979
+        "  1830 to 1840     778,500
+        "  1840 to 1850   1,542,850
+
+--and that statistics show that during the present decade, from 1850 to
+1860, in regularly increasing ratio, nearly four millions of aliens will
+probably be poured in upon us.
+
+Point to the fact, that from this immigration spring nearly four-fifths
+of the beggary, two-thirds of the pauperism, and more than three-fifths
+of the crime of our country; that more than half the public charities,
+more than half the prisons and alms-houses, more than half the police
+and the cost of administering criminal justice, are for foreigners,--and
+let the demand be made, that national and State legislation shall
+interfere, to direct, ameliorate, and control these elements, so far as
+it may be done within the limits of the Constitution.
+
+Let Americans everywhere, and at all times, charge home and force upon
+the attention of the people the alarming fact that if immigration
+continues at the above rates, in thirty years from this time the
+population of this country will exceed that of France, England, Spain,
+Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland, all combined; that in fifteen years
+the foreign will outnumber the native population; that in 1854 the
+number of foreign immigrants was 500,000, of which 307,639 arrived at
+the port of New York; that the white population of North Carolina is
+only a little over 500,000--so that enough come to settle a State as
+populous as North Carolina in a year. Set forth the statistical facts,
+as shown by the last Census, that the immigration of 1854 was more than
+equal to the white population of either one of eighteen States of this
+Union; and in proof, point them to the following startling facts:
+
+A. Table comparing the white population of the States therein
+enumerated, with the foreign immigration of 1854, and showing the excess
+of foreign immigrants for this year above the respective population of
+the several States.
+
+                White population.     Excess of
+States.                               immigrants.
+Arkansas        162,189               337,811
+Alabama         426,514                73,486
+California       91,635               418,365
+South Carolina  274,563               226,437
+Connecticut     363,099               136,901
+Delaware         71,169               328,831
+Florida          47,203               452,717
+Iowa            191,881               308,119
+Louisiana       225,491               374,509
+Maryland        417,943                82,057
+Michigan        395,071               104,929
+Mississippi     295,718               204,282
+New Hampshire   317,456               182,514
+New Jersey      465,509                34,491
+Rhode Island    143,875               356,125
+Texas           154,034               345,946
+Vermont         213,402               186,598
+Wisconsin       304,756               195,244
+
+Analyze this table, and show from it that the foreign immigration of
+1854 was sufficient to have settled three States equal to Arkansas,
+three equal to Iowa, three equal to Texas, two to Louisiana, four to
+Rhode Island, five to California, seven to Delaware, or ten to Florida;
+so that under the principle of the Kansas and Nebraska act, while
+immigrants continue pouring in upon us at the present rate, we may have
+within one year ten new States applying for admission into the Union,
+entitled to their twenty Senators in the United States Senate; and yet
+this would be but the Senatorial representation of 500,000 foreigners.
+
+Let the light of truth be heard upon the great question of immigration,
+and let the people see that if the ratio of immigration continues as it
+has been since 1850, during the ten years from 1850 to 1860 there will
+have come four millions of foreigners into this country--enough to
+settle eighty States equal to Florida, thirty-two equal to Rhode Island,
+sixteen equal to Louisiana, or eight equal to Maryland, North Carolina,
+South Carolina, Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi, Vermont, Alabama, New
+Hampshire, or New Jersey. So the Senatorial representation of foreigners
+may reach one hundred and sixty members in the United States Senate, and
+cannot be less than twenty in a body composed of but sixty-two members
+representing thirty-one States.
+
+
+UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY--FOREIGNISM AND NATIVEISM.
+
+The reader will find below a list of the names of the employees in the
+Coast Survey, classified according to birth, and their respective
+salaries:
+
+
+Natives.                Salary. | Foreigners.                Salary.
+                                |
+E. Nutty                 $1,200 | J. E. Hilgard               $2,200
+J. T. Hoover                600 | S. E. Werner                 1,419
+J. H. Toomer                519 | C. A. Schott                 1,500
+J. E. Blackenship           500 | J. Main                      1,100
+R. Freeman                  350 | G. Rumpf                     1,000
+H. Mitchell               1,000 | J. Weisner                     900
+H. Heaton                   700 | L. F. Pourtales              1,500
+R. S. Avery                 660 | S. Hein                      2,500
+J. Kincheloe                339 | J. Welch                     1,565
+G. C. Blanchard             339 | A. Brschke                   1,408
+R. E. Evans                 339 | ---- Balback                   639
+R. L. Hawkins             1,200 | ---- Lendenkehl                782
+W. McPherson                700 | W. P. Schultz                  704
+W. M. C. Fairfax          1,800 | G. McCoy                     2,000
+M. J. McClery             1,600 | A. Rolle                     1,700
+---- Poterfield           1,000 | G. B. Metzenroth             1,095
+L. Williams                 860 | J. C. Koudnip                  939
+John Key                    782 | J. Rutherdall                  526
+---- Martin                 751 | J. Barrett                     375
+B. Hooe                     419 | J. Vierbunchen               1,095
+F. Fairfax                  500 | P. Vierbunchen                 281
+H. McCormick                156 | T. Hunt                        704
+E. Wharton                1,100 | J. Missenson                   626
+J. Knight                 1,700 | R. Schelpass                   469
+F. Dankworth              1,700 | C. Ramkin                      313
+J. V. N. Throop           1,252 | F. White                       960
+R. Knight                   939 | D. Flyn                        600
+C. A. Knight                626 | T. Kinney                      525
+G. Mathiot                1,800 | C. Kraft                       420
+S. Harris                   519 | B. Neff                        526
+S. D. O'Brien             1,059 | A. Maedell                   1,095
+A. Geatman                  704 |                            -------
+H. Tine                     626 |                            $31,867
+C. B. Snow                1,000 |
+J. Smith                    593 |
+G. Hitz                     313 |
+J. Cronion                  519 |
+A. W. Russell             1,300 |
+---- Tansill                660 |
+V. E. King                  720 |
+F. Holden                   500 |
+J. Mitchell                 331 |
+W. Bright                   216 |
+                        ------- |
+                        $24,429 |
+
+The whole number of natives, 43; number of foreigners, 31. Amount paid
+natives, $24,429; amount paid foreigners, $31,867. The average salary of
+the natives is $568 12 per year; of the foreigners, $1,029 98 per
+year--nearly double that of the natives. Is not this _favoritism_ to the
+foreigner, and _discrimination_ against the native? The disbursing
+officer, S. Hein, receives $2,500.
+
+The result of the last Presidential election was controlled by _foreign
+votes_, beyond all question. Look at the figures--see how they foot
+up--and see that the country is controlled by foreigners:
+
+                                                       Electoral
+                Foreign       Foreign     Pierce's     vote for
+States.       population.      vote.      majority.     Pierce.
+
+New York,     655,224         93,317      27,201          35
+Pennsylvania, 303,105         43,300      19,446          27
+Maryland,      51,011          7,287       4,945           8
+Louisiana,     67,308          9,615       1,392           6
+Missouri,      76,570         10,938       7,698           9
+Illinois,     111,860         15,980      15,653          11
+Ohio,         218,099         31,157      16,694          23
+Wisconsin,    110,471         15,781      11,418           5
+Iowa,          20,968          2,995       1,180           4
+Rhode Island,  23,832          3,404       1,109           4
+Connecticut,   38,374          5,482       2,870           6
+Delaware,       5,243            749          25           3
+New Jersey,    59,804          8,543       5,749           7
+California,    21,628         10,000       5,694           4
+             --------        -------     -------        ----
+                             258,548     120,094         152
+
+RECAPITULATION.
+
+Pierce's vote,            1,602,663
+Scott's vote,             1,385,990
+                          ---------
+                            216,673
+Foreign vote,               367,320
+Pierce's majority,          216,673
+                          ---------
+                            150,647
+
+The foreign vote exceeded Pierce's majority over Scott, 150,647 votes.
+
+It is thus demonstrated that in each of these fourteen States the
+foreign vote was larger than the majority given for General Pierce; and
+it is also demonstrated that the aggregate foreign vote of these
+fourteen States is more than twice the whole number of General Pierce's
+majorities in said States. If even one-half of the foreign vote had been
+given to General Scott, he would have been elected instead of General
+Pierce!
+
+The following New York City statistics set forth the amount of _crime_
+committed in that city for six months ending in June, 1855:
+
+     "It appears that the number of arrests made during that time
+     were 25,110. Of these, no less than 9,755 were for intoxication
+     and disorderly conduct combined; and 7,025 for crimes that had
+     their origin in the dram-shops, to wit:
+
+     "Assault and battery, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, &c. The
+     greatest number of arrests were in June, showing that during
+     the hot weather, as is generally the case, more liquor was
+     drank. The birth-place of the criminals, for two months, was as
+     follows:
+
+     United States,               1,750
+     Ireland,                     5,117
+     Germany,                     1,010
+     All other places,            4,847
+
+     "It needs no argument to prove if there had been no
+     intoxicating liquor sold in that city, a large portion of the
+     crimes and the misery resulting therefrom would have been
+     prevented."
+
+MORE INSTRUCTIVE STATISTICS.--The Jersey City Sentinel of the 22d ult.
+publishes statistics of crime and pauperism in Jersey City and Hudson
+County, as follows:
+
+     "Number of inhabitants in Jersey City, 21,000, viz.: natives,
+     13,000; Irish, 5,000; other foreigners, 4,000. Number of
+     persons who have been confined in the city prison, 4,100, viz.:
+     natives, 75; Irish, 3,550; other foreigners, 475. Number of
+     persons confined in the county jail at present, 68, viz.:
+     natives, 2; Irish, 58: other foreigners, 8. Of 188 persons who
+     have been inmates of the Almshouse, none have been natives, and
+     no foreigners except Irish. Of 723 who received aid from the
+     Poor-master, 2 were natives, and 721 were Irish."
+
+We will now submit, as authorities, some names which ought to have
+weight with the American people, and which demonstrate, beyond all
+contradiction, that we have had "Know Nothings" in our country in
+former days, if they were not called by that name! Here are the words
+and sentiments of these "dark-lantern patriots:"
+
+     "Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, (I conjure
+     you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free
+     people ought to be constantly awake. It is one of the most
+     baneful foes of a Republican government."--WASHINGTON.
+
+     "I hope we may find some hope in future of shielding ourselves
+     from foreign influence, in whatever form it may be attempted. I
+     wish there were an ocean of fire between this and the old
+     world."--JEFFERSON.
+
+     "Foreign influence is a Grecian horse to the republic: we
+     cannot be too careful to exclude its entrance."--MADISON.
+
+     "There is an imperative necessity for reforming the
+     Naturalization Laws of the United States."--DANIEL WEBSTER.
+
+     "It is high time we should become a little more Americanized,
+     and instead of feeding the paupers and laborers of England,
+     feed our own; or else, in a short time, by our present policy,
+     we shall become paupers ourselves."--ANDREW JACKSON.
+
+     "I agree with the father of his country, that we should guard
+     with a jealousy becoming a free people, our institutions,
+     against the insidious wiles of foreign influence."--HENRY CLAY.
+
+     "Our naturalization laws are unquestionably defective, or our
+     alms-houses would not now be filled with paupers. Of the
+     134,000 paupers in the United States, 68,000 are foreigners,
+     and 66,000 natives. The annals of crime have swelled as the
+     jails of Europe have poured their contents into the country,
+     and the felon convict, reeking from a murder in Europe, or who
+     has had the fortune to escape punishment for any other crime
+     abroad, easily gains naturalization here, by spending a part of
+     five years within the limits of the United States. Our country
+     has become a Botany Bay, into which Europe annually discharges
+     her criminals of every description."--JOHN M. CLAYTON, United
+     States Senator.
+
+Forty years ago, this subject came up in the Congress of the United
+States, and that far-seeing statesman and patriot, JOHN RANDOLPH, of
+Virginia, made a speech, from which we take the following extract:
+
+     "How long the country would endure this foreign yoke in its
+     most odious and disgusting form he could not tell, but this he
+     would say, that if we were to be dictated to and ruled by
+     foreigners, he would much rather be ruled by a British
+     Parliament than by British subjects here. Should he be told
+     that those men fought in the war of the Revolution, he would
+     answer, that those who did so were not included by him in the
+     class he adverted to. That was a civil war, and they and we
+     were at its commencement alike British subjects. Native
+     Britons, therefore, then taking arms on our side, gave them the
+     same rights as those who were born in this country, and his
+     motion could be easily modified so as to provide for any that
+     might be of this description, but no such modification, he was
+     sure, would be found necessary, for this plain reason, to wit:
+
+     "Where were the soldiers of the Revolution who were not
+     natives? They were either already retired or else retiring to
+     that great reckoning where discounts were not allowed. If the
+     honorable gentleman (opposing the proposition) would point his
+     finger to any such kind of person now living, he would agree to
+     his being made an exception to the amendment. It was time that
+     the American people should have a character of their own, and
+     where would they find it? In New England and in Virginia only,
+     because they were a homogeneous race--a peculiar people. They
+     never yet appointed foreigners to sit in that house (of
+     Congress) for them, or to fill their high offices. In both
+     States this was their policy: it was not found in, nor was it
+     owing to their paper constitutions, but what was better, it was
+     interwoven in the frame of their thoughts and sentiments, in
+     their steady habits, in their principles from the cradle--a
+     much more solid security than could be found in any abracadabra
+     which constitution-mongers could scrawl upon paper.
+
+     "It might be indiscreet in him to say it, for, to say the
+     truth, he had as little of that rascally virtue, prudence, he
+     apprehended, as any man, and could as little conceal what he
+     felt as affect what he did not feel. He knew it was not the way
+     for him to conciliate the manufacturing body, yet he would say
+     that he wished with all his heart that his bootmaker, his
+     hatter, and other manufacturers, would rather stay in Great
+     Britain, under their own laws, than come here to make laws for
+     us, and leave us to import our covering. We must have our
+     clothing home-made, (said he,) but I would much rather have my
+     workmen home-made, and import my clothing. Was it best to have
+     our own unpolluted republic peopled with its own pure _native_
+     republicans, or erect another Sheffield, another Manchester,
+     and another Birmingham, upon the banks of the Schuylkill, the
+     Delaware, and the Brandywine, or have a host of Luddites
+     amongst us--wretches from whom every vestige of the human
+     creation seemed to be effaced? Would they wish to have their
+     elections on that floor decided by a rabble? What was the ruin
+     of old Rome? Why, their opening their gates and letting in the
+     rabble of the whole world to be their legislators!"
+
+     "If (said he) you wish to preserve among your fellow-citizens
+     that exalted sense of freedom which gave birth to the
+     Revolution--if you wish to keep alive among them the spirit of
+     '76, you must endeavor to stop this flood of immigration! You
+     must teach the people of Europe that if they do come here, all
+     they must hope to receive is protection--but that they must
+     have no share in the government. From such men a temporary
+     party may receive precarious aid, but the country cannot be
+     safe nor the people happy where they are introduced into
+     government, or meddle with public concerns in any great
+     degree."
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "This (said Mr. Randolph) is a favorable time to make a stand
+     against this evil (immigration,) and if not _this_ session, he
+     hoped that in the _next_ there would be a revisal of the
+     naturalization laws."
+
+A few short epistles from the pen of Gen. WASHINGTON, and we will close
+this chapter. These we take from the "Papers of Washington by Sparks."
+George Washington, justly styled the "father of his country," was a
+great and good man--a primitive Know Nothing--a praying Protestant--and
+withal, the man who was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the
+hearts of his countrymen." Here are the honest sentiments of this man:
+
+     TO RICHARD HENRY LEE.
+
+     "MORRISTOWN, May 17, 1777.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--I take the liberty to ask you what Congress expects
+     I am to do with the many foreigners they have at different
+     times promoted to the rank of field-officers, and, by the last
+     resolve, two to that of colonels.... These men have no
+     attachment nor ties to the country, further than interest binds
+     them. Our officers think it exceedingly hard, after they have
+     toiled in this service and have sustained many losses, to have
+     strangers put over them, whose merit, perhaps, is not equal to
+     their own, but whose effrontery will take no denial.... It is
+     by the zeal and activity of our own people that the cause must
+     be supported, and not by a few hungry adventurers....
+
+                              "I am, &c.,
+
+                                  "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. IV., p. 423.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO THE SAME.
+
+                                    "MIDDLEBROOK, June 1, 1777.
+
+     "You will, before this can reach you, have seen Monsieur
+     Ducoudray. What his real expectations are, I do not know; but I
+     fear, if his appointment is equal to what I have been told is
+     his expectation, it will be attended with unhappy consequences.
+     _To say nothing of the policy of intrusting a department, on
+     the execution of which the salvation of the army depends, to a
+     foreigner who has no other tie to bind him to the interests of
+     this country than honor_, I would beg leave to observe that by
+     putting Mr. D. at the head of the artillery, you will lose a
+     very valuable officer in General Knox, who is a man of great
+     military reading, sound judgment, and clear conceptions, who
+     will resign if any one is put over him.... I am, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. IV., p. 446.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, ESQ.
+
+                                    "WHITE PLAINS, July 24, 1778.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--The design of this is to touch cursorily upon a
+     subject of very great importance to the well-being of these
+     States: much more so than will appear at first view. I mean
+     _the appointment of so many foreigners to offices of high rank
+     and trust in our service_.
+
+     "The lavish manner in which rank has hitherto been bestowed on
+     these gentlemen, will certainly be productive of one or the
+     other of these two evils--_either to make us despicable in the
+     eyes of Europe, or become a means of pouring them in upon us
+     like a torrent, and adding to our present burden_.
+
+     "But it is neither the expense nor trouble of them that I
+     dread: there is an evil more extensive in its nature and fatal
+     in its consequences to be apprehended, and that is the driving
+     of all our own officers out of the service, and throwing not
+     only our army but our military councils entirely into the hands
+     of foreigners.
+
+     "The officers, my dear sir, on whom you must depend for the
+     defence of this cause, distinguished by length of service,
+     their connections, property, and military merit, will not
+     submit much, if any longer, to the unnatural promotion of men
+     over them who have nothing more than a little plausibility,
+     unbounded pride and ambition, and a perseverance in application
+     not to be resisted but by uncommon firmness, to support their
+     pretensions: men who, in the first instance, tell you they wish
+     for nothing more than the honor of serving in so glorious a
+     cause as volunteers, the next day solicit rank without pay, the
+     day following want money advanced to them, and in the course of
+     a week want further promotion, and are not satisfied with any
+     thing you can do for them. The expediency and the policy of the
+     measure remain to be considered, and whether it is consistent
+     with justice or prudence to promote these military
+     fortune-hunters at the hazard of your army.
+
+     "Baron Steuben, I now find, is also wanting to quit his
+     inspectorship for a command in the line. This will be
+     productive of much discontent to the brigadiers. In a word,
+     although I think the Baron an excellent officer, _I do most
+     devoutly wish that we had not a single foreigner among us,
+     except the Marquis de Lafayette_, who acts upon very different
+     principles from those which govern the rest. Adieu.
+
+                              "I am most sincerely yours,
+
+                                 "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. VI., p. 13.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO JOHN ADAMS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+                                    "PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 27, 1794.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--... My opinion with respect to immigration is, that
+     except of useful mechanics and some particular description of
+     men or professions, there is no need of encouragement. I am,
+     &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 1.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO J. Q. ADAMS, AMERICAN MINISTER AT BERLIN.
+
+                                    "MOUNT VERNON, Jan. 20, 1799.
+
+     "SIR:--... You know, my good sir, that it is not the policy of
+     this country to employ aliens where it can well be avoided,
+     either in the civil or military walks of life.... There is a
+     species of self-importance in all foreign officers that cannot
+     be gratified without doing injustice to meritorious characters
+     among our own countrymen, who conceive, and justly, where there
+     is no great preponderancy of experience or merit, that they are
+     entitled to the occupancy of all offices in the gift of their
+     government.
+
+                                "I am, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 392.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     SAME DATE, TO A FOREIGNER APPLYING FOR OFFICE.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--... It does not accord with the policy of this
+     government to bestow offices, civil or military, upon
+     foreigners, to the exclusion of our own citizens. Yours, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 392.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL.
+
+                                    "WAR DEPARTMENT, Feb. 4, 1799.
+
+     "... For the cavalry, for the regulations restrict the
+     recruiting officers to engage none _except natives_ for this
+     corps, and those only as from their known character and
+     fidelity may be trusted."
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig for March, 1856.]
+
+WHO IS MILLARD FILLMORE?
+
+
+A Brief history of the American nominee for the Presidency is this: He
+was born in the year 1800, in Cayuga county, New York, and is now
+fifty-six years of age. His father was then, as he now is, a farmer, in
+moderate circumstances; and now lives in the county of Erie, a short
+distance from Buffalo. The limited means of the family prevented the old
+gentleman from giving his son Millard any other or better education than
+was obtained in the imperfect common schools of that age.
+
+In his sixteenth year, Mr. Fillmore was placed with a merchant tailor
+near his home to learn that business. He remained four years in his
+apprenticeship, during which time he had access to a small library,
+improving the advantages it offered by perusing all the books therein
+contained. Judge Wood, of Cayuga county, pleased with his intellectual
+advancement, urged him to study the profession of the law; and as his
+poverty was the only obstacle in his way, Judge Wood advanced him the
+necessary means, relying upon his making a lawyer, and being able by the
+practice of the profession to refund the money again. With a portion of
+this money young Fillmore bought his unexpired time, which was for the
+winter, and he pursued his legal studies with energy and success, in the
+office of the noble Judge.
+
+In 1822, he removed to Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. His
+object in removing to Buffalo was to complete his studies and to obtain
+a license. This accomplished, he removed to Aurora, not far from where
+his parents resided, and there commenced the practice of his profession.
+The confidence of his neighbors in his integrity and abilities was such
+that he found himself in the midst of a lucrative practice at once. In
+1826, he was married to Miss Powers, the daughter of a clergyman in the
+village of Aurora, and this excellent woman lived to see him elected
+Vice-President of the United States.
+
+In 1829, Mr. Fillmore was elected from the county in which he married
+and where his parents lived to the General Assembly of New York, and for
+three years continued a member of this body, distinguishing himself by
+his energy, tact, and wisdom in legislation. Through his energy and
+speeches, _Imprisonment for Debt_ was abolished, and this so increased
+his popularity throughout the State, that it was apparent that he could
+be elected to any office in the gift of the people of that State.
+
+In 1829, he was admitted a counsellor in the Supreme Court of New York,
+and in 1832 he removed to Buffalo, where he settled permanently and
+enlarged his practice as an attorney. In 1832, he was elected a
+representative in the 23d Congress, in which he served with industry and
+credit to himself and his district. At the end of his term he renewed
+the practice of the law, of choice, but, in 1836, was prevailed on to
+again serve his district in Congress; and in the celebrated New Jersey
+contested elections, distinguished himself. He was chosen to the next
+Congress by the largest majority ever given to any man in the district;
+and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, acquired a
+reputation that any man might be proud of.
+
+At the close of the 27th Congress, his friends were anxious for his
+continuance in public life, but he declined. And in his address to his
+constituents, dated at Washington, July 11th, 1842, he says:
+
+     "Pardon the personal vanity, though it be a weakness, that
+     induces me to recur for a moment to the cherished recollections
+     of your early friendship and abiding confidence. I cannot give
+     vent to the feelings of my heart without it. It is now nearly
+     fourteen years since you did me the unsolicited honor to
+     nominate me to represent you in the State Legislature. Seven
+     times have I received renewed evidence of your confidence by as
+     many elections, and, at the expiration of my present term, I
+     shall have served you three years in the State and eight years
+     in the National Councils. I cannot recall the thousand acts of
+     generous devotion from so many friends, without feeling the
+     deepest emotions of gratitude. I came among you a poor and
+     friendless boy. You kindly took me by the hand and gave me your
+     confidence and support. You have conferred upon me distinction
+     and honors, for which I could make no adequate return, but by
+     honest and untiring effort faithfully to discharge the high
+     trust which you confided to my keeping. If my humble efforts
+     have met your approbation, I freely admit, next to the approval
+     of my own conscience, it is the highest reward which I could
+     receive for days of unceasing toil and nights of sleepless
+     anxiety. I profess not to be above or below the common
+     frailties of our nature. I will therefore not disguise the
+     fact, that I was highly gratified at my first election to
+     Congress; yet I can truly say that my utmost ambition has been
+     gratified. I aspire to nothing more, and shall retire from the
+     exciting scenes of political strife to the quiet employments of
+     my family and fireside, with still more satisfaction than I
+     felt when first elevated to distinguished station."
+
+During this same year he returned to the practice of his profession,
+and, in 1844, the Whig State Convention of New York put him in
+nomination for the office of Governor, in opposition to Silas Wright.
+This was the only conflict in which he ever suffered defeat, and the
+race was close. In 1847, without seeking or desiring the highly
+responsible office, he was elected Comptroller of the Finances of the
+State, and removed to Albany, where he discharged the duties of the
+office with great credit to himself and usefulness to the State,
+resigning the office in February, 1849, to enter upon the duties of the
+office of Vice-President, to which he had been called by the election in
+1848. Gen. Taylor dying, he became President, and every patriot in the
+land remembers and admires the history of his administration. Gen. Cass
+and other distinguished Democrats said his career had been one of
+genuine patriotism, honor, and usefulness; and Gov. Wise, upon the stump
+in Virginia, characterized it as "Washington-like;" while the Democratic
+papers and orators, from Maine to California, declared that he ought to
+have been nominated in lieu of Gen. Scott, because he was one of the
+best men in America.
+
+He is now in Europe, familiarizing himself with the workings of the
+despotic governments of that country. Before leaving, almost one year
+ago, he told his friends, in answer to questions relating to the
+presidency, not to start any newspapers for his benefit--not to publish
+any documents--not to make any speeches, or even electioneer--and added,
+that if the American people nominated him, of their own free will and
+accord, he would accept their nomination, and if elected, he would serve
+them to the best of his abilities. His nomination, therefore, under the
+circumstances, is a great honor, and shows the implicit confidence the
+real people have in the integrity, patriotism, and qualifications of the
+man. That he will go into the presidential chair almost by acclamation,
+we have not the shadow of doubt.
+
+As to Mr. Fillmore's chances, we consider them excellent, and growing
+brighter every day. The indications are now very clear that he will
+obtain a _plurality_, if not a _majority_ vote, in most of the Northern
+States; and under the most unfavorable circumstances, he will be sure to
+divide the electoral vote of the South, so as to carry more States than
+MR. BUCHANAN. Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama, are
+the only four States we concede to the Cincinnati nominee and _one_ of
+these, we confidently expect to carry. Georgia and Arkansas we set down
+as doubtful, and we contend that Buchanan can't get either of them
+without a severe struggle.
+
+We then make this estimate, and claim as certain for FILLMORE and
+DONELSON the following States, viz.:
+
+     Massachusetts   13
+     Rhode Island     4
+     New York        35
+     New Jersey       7
+     Pennsylvania    27
+     Maryland         8
+     Kentucky        12
+     Tennessee       12
+     North Carolina  10
+     Louisiana        6
+     Missouri         9
+     California       4
+     Delaware         3
+     Florida          3
+
+This makes a total of 157--_eleven,_ more than is necessary to an
+election. This is not an extravagant, but a very fair estimate. The
+friends of the American ticket have a right to feel encouraged. With
+proper exertions our ticket will carry. Let every American consider
+himself a sentinel upon the watch-tower--let every friend of the party
+do his duty, and the result will not be doubtful. And let all who
+believe that "Americans ought to rule America," take courage--"the skies
+are bright and brightening."
+
+As it regards MR. FILLMORE'S Americanism, _that_ is settled--he has been
+a Protestant American _fifteen years in advance_ of the party, as it now
+exists. The Hon. J. T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State of New York,
+delivered a speech at the Capital of his State, March 7th, 1856, in
+which he spoke of Mr. Fillmore in the following language:
+
+     "Now, in the first place, he was an American years before those
+     who denounce him ever thought of Americanism. The Police
+     constable of Newburg elected last year on the American ticket,
+     told me, that years ago, when that well-known conflict occurred
+     between the citizens of Buffalo and the foreign population,
+     that a combination was formed called the "_American League_."
+     The members of this League entered into _a solemn compact to
+     stand together and fight together for the rights of Americans_.
+     This constable was at the time an humble mechanic in Buffalo,
+     and he said that _he constantly met Mr. Fillmore (who was a
+     member of that League with him) at the Council Room_. Thus you
+     see that those who would arrogate to themselves the title of
+     Americans, and yet carp at Mr. Fillmore as wanting in American
+     sentiment, are really recent volunteers compared with him. Mr.
+     Fillmore carried his American principles still farther and
+     became (so an officer in the same order informs me) _a member
+     of the United Americans_. He has always been a true American,
+     _he is now, and ever will be_, and is worthy to move at the
+     head of the glorious column over which floats the flag bearing
+     the inscription, 'Americans shall rule America.'"
+
+After the defeat of MR. CLAY, in 1844, MR. FILLMORE addressed him this
+noble _American_ letter:
+
+                                    "BUFFALO, Nov. 14, 1844.
+
+     "MY DEAR SIR:--I have thought for three or four days that I
+     would write to you, but really I am unmanned. I have no courage
+     or resolution. All is gone. The last hope, which hung first
+     upon the city of New York, and then upon Virginia, is finally
+     dissipated, and I see nothing but despair depicted upon every
+     countenance.
+
+     "For myself, I have no regrets. I was nominated for Governor
+     much against my will, and though not insensible to the pride of
+     success, yet I feel a kind of relief at being defeated. But not
+     so for you or the nation. Every consideration of justice, every
+     feeling of gratitude conspired in the minds of honest men to
+     insure your election, and though always doubtful of my own
+     success, I could never doubt yours, till the painful conviction
+     was forced upon me.
+
+     "The Abolitionists and _Foreign Catholics have defeated us in
+     this State_. I will not trust myself to speak of the vile
+     hypocrisy of the leading Abolitionists now. Doubtless many
+     acted honestly and ignorantly in what they did. But it is clear
+     that Birney and his associates sold themselves to Locofocoism,
+     and they will doubtless receive their reward.
+
+     "_Our opponents, by pointing to the Native Americans and to Mr.
+     Frelinghuysen, drove the Foreign Catholics from us and defeated
+     us in this State._
+
+     "But it is vain to look at the causes by which this infamous
+     result has been produced. It is enough to say that all is gone.
+     I must confess that nothing has happened to shake my confidence
+     in our ability to sustain a free government so much as this.
+
+                                    "MILLARD FILLMORE."
+
+But here is one other letter, written to ISAAC NEWTON, just before MR.
+FILLMORE left the United States for Europe. A more patriotic letter,
+breathing more of the genuine American spirit, we have never met with:
+
+                                    "BUFFALO, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1855.
+
+     "RESPECTED FRIEND ISAAC NEWTON:--It would give me great
+     pleasure to accept your kind invitation to visit Philadelphia,
+     if it were possible to make my visit private, and limit it to a
+     few personal friends whom I should be most happy to see; but I
+     know that this would be out of my power, and I am therefore
+     reluctantly compelled to decline your invitation, as I have
+     done others to New York and Boston, for the same reason.
+
+     "I return you many thanks for your information on the subject
+     of politics. I am always happy to hear what is going forward,
+     but, independent of the fact that I feel myself withdrawn from
+     the political arena, I have been too much depressed in spirit
+     to take an active part in the late elections. I contented
+     myself with giving a silent vote for Mr. Ullman, for Governor.
+
+     "While, however, I am an inactive observer of public events, I
+     am by no means an indifferent one, and I may say to you in the
+     frankness of private friendship, that I have for a long time
+     looked with dread and apprehension at the corrupting influence
+     which the contest for the foreign vote is exerting upon our
+     elections. This seems to result from its being banded together,
+     and subject to the control of a few interested and selfish
+     leaders. Hence it has been a subject of bargain and sale, and
+     each of the great political parties of the country have been
+     bidding to obtain it, and, as usual in all such contests, the
+     party which is most corrupt is most successful. The consequence
+     is, that it is fast demoralizing the whole country; corrupting
+     the very fountains of political power; and converting the
+     ballot-box--that great palladium of our liberty--into an
+     unmeaning mockery, where the rights of native-born citizens are
+     voted away by those who blindly follow their mercenary and
+     selfish leaders. The evidence of this is found not merely in
+     the shameless chaffering for the foreign vote at every
+     election, but in the large disproportion of offices which are
+     now held by foreigners at home and abroad, as compared with our
+     native citizens. Where is the true-hearted American whose cheek
+     does not tingle with shame and mortification to see our highest
+     and most coveted foreign missions filled by men of foreign
+     birth to the exclusion of native-born? Such appointments are a
+     humiliating confession to the crowned heads of Europe that a
+     Republican soil does not produce sufficient talent to represent
+     a Republican nation at a monarchical court. I confess that it
+     seems to me--with all due respect to others--that, as a general
+     rule, our country should be governed by American-born citizens.
+     Let us give to the oppressed of every country an asylum and a
+     home in our happy land, give to all the benefits of equal laws,
+     and equal protection; but let us at the same time cherish, as
+     the apple of our eye, the great principles of constitutional
+     liberty, which few who have not had the good fortune to be
+     reared in a free country know how to appreciate and still less
+     how to preserve.
+
+     "Washington, in that inestimable legacy which he left to his
+     country--his farewell address--has wisely warned us to beware
+     of foreign influence as the most baneful foe of a republican
+     government. He saw it to be sure in a different light from that
+     in which it now presents itself; but he knew it would approach
+     us in all forms, and hence he cautioned us against the
+     _insidious wiles of its influence_. Therefore, as well for our
+     own sakes, to whom this invaluable inheritance of
+     self-government has been left by our forefathers, as for the
+     sake of unborn millions who are to inherit this land--foreign
+     and native--let us take warning of the Father of his Country,
+     and do what we can justly to preserve our institutions from
+     corruption and our country from dishonor, but let this be done
+     by the people themselves in their sovereign capacity by making
+     a proper discrimination in the selection of officers, and not
+     by depriving any individual--native or foreign-born--of any
+     constitutional or legal right to which he is entitled.
+
+     "These are my sentiments in brief; and although I have
+     sometimes almost despaired of my country when I have witnessed
+     the rapid strides of corruption, yet I think I perceive a gleam
+     of hope in the future, and I now feel confident, that when the
+     great mass of intelligence in this enlightened country is once
+     fully aroused, and the danger manifested, it will fearlessly
+     apply the remedy, and bring back the government to the pure
+     days of Washington's administration. Finally, let us adopt the
+     old Roman motto, '_Never despair of the Republic._' Let us do
+     our duty, and trust in that Providence which has so signally
+     watched over and preserved us for the result. But I have said
+     more than I intended, and much more than I should have said to
+     any one but a trusted friend, as I have no desire to mingle in
+     political strife.
+
+     "Remember me kindly to your family, and believe me truly your
+     friend,
+
+                                    "MILLARD FILLMORE."
+
+In March, 1851, LEWIS CASS, than whom there is not a more devoted
+partisan in the Democratic ranks, delivered a speech on the floor of the
+United States Senate, in the course of which he paid the following just
+compliment to Mr. Fillmore's integrity, and to his efficiency in
+"_pacifying the country_," while he was President. We quote from the
+Congressional Globe, and hold it up as a withering rebuke to those
+"lesser lights" of Democracy, who are now defaming this pure and
+patriotic statesman:
+
+     "The Administration has placed itself high in the great work of
+     _pacifying the country_, and they received the meed of
+     approbation from political friends and political foes. _I
+     partake of the same sentiment._ I do them justice. But I am a
+     Democrat, and, God willing, I mean to die one. This is a Whig
+     administration, but there is no reason I should not do them
+     justice; and I do it with pleasure, in this great matter of
+     _the salvation of this country_--if I may say so. I have done
+     so; shall continue to do so, whatever sneers their papers may
+     contain; for I do it not for their sake, but _for the sake of
+     their country_."
+
+The _Democratic Review_--the highest Democratic authority in the United
+States--for December, 1855, commenting upon the Compromise Measures of
+1850, thus spoke of Mr. Fillmore, in a moment of candor, long before Mr.
+Fillmore was nominated by the American party for the Presidency:
+
+     "Momentous events were transpiring. The agitation of the
+     question of slavery was paramount in the public mind. In this
+     crisis, it was well that so reliable a man as Mr. Fillmore was
+     found in the Presidential chair. The safety and perpetuity of
+     the Union were threatened. Already had fanaticism raised its
+     hydra-head. Schemes and 'isms' leaped from a thousand
+     ambuscades. The enemies of the Union started forth on every
+     side--Abolitionism here; secessionism there; acquisition and
+     filibusterism elsewhere. These were the formidable elements of
+     misrule with which the Executive had to cope. How well he met,
+     and how entirely he for the time overcame these enemies of the
+     peace of the republic, we leave the historian to relate; but
+     our retrospect would be incomplete and disingenuous, did we not
+     accord the meed of praise justly due to high moral excellence
+     and intellectual and administrative honesty and talent, as
+     developed in the administration of Mr. Fillmore."
+
+Since the foregoing was prepared for the press, Mr. Fillmore's letter of
+acceptance has come to hand, greatly to the annoyance of the Democratic
+and anti-American fuglemen and politicians. We congratulate the country
+upon the patriotic, national, and _truly American_ spirit which pervades
+this chaste and well-written document. It is just what we expected from
+_one of the very first men in the Nation_. His reference to his past
+course as a guaranty for the future is well-timed. _Sectional_
+legislation he is opposed to; and sectional agitation he will use his
+influence to suppress. We ask every man into whose hands this work shall
+fall, to read this admirable letter for himself: it is worthy of the man
+and the times; nay, it is the letter of a patriot and a statesman--
+
+    "Who for his country feels alone,
+    And loves her weal, beyond his own."
+
+     [COPY.]
+
+                                    PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 26th, 1856.
+
+     _To the Hon. Millard Fillmore_:
+
+     SIR:--The National Convention of the American party, which has
+     just closed its session in this city, has unanimously chosen
+     you as the candidate for the Presidency of the United States in
+     the election to be held in November next. It has associated
+     with you Andrew Jackson Donelson, Esq., of Tennessee, as the
+     candidate for the Vice-Presidency.
+
+     The Convention has charged the undersigned with the agreeable
+     duty of communicating these proceedings to you, and of asking
+     your acceptance of a nomination which will receive not only the
+     cordial support of the great national party in whose name it is
+     made, but the approbation also of large numbers of other
+     enlightened friends of the Constitution and the Union, who will
+     rejoice in the opportunity to testify their grateful
+     appreciation of your faithful service in the past, and their
+     confidence in your experience and integrity for the guidance of
+     the future.
+
+     The undersigned take advantage of this occasion to tender to
+     you the expression of their own gratification in the
+     proceedings of the Convention, and to assure you of the high
+     consideration with which they are yours, &c.
+
+                                    ALEXANDER H. H. STUART,
+                                    ANDREW STEWART,
+                                    ERASTUS BROOKS,
+                                    E. B. BARTLETT,
+                                    WM. J. EAMES,
+                                    EPHRAIM MARSH.
+
+                                    _Committee, &c._
+
+                                    PARIS, May 21st, 1856.
+
+     GENTLEMEN:--I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
+     letter informing me that the National Convention of the
+     American party, which had just closed its session at
+     Philadelphia, had unanimously presented my name for the
+     Presidency of the United States, and associated with it that of
+     Andrew Jackson Donelson for the Vice-Presidency. This
+     unexpected communication met me at Venice on my return from
+     Italy, and the duplicate, mailed thirteen days later, was
+     received on my arrival in this city last evening. This must
+     account for my apparent neglect in giving a more prompt reply.
+
+     You will pardon me for saying that when my administration
+     closed in 1853, I considered my political life as a public man
+     at an end, and thenceforth I was only anxious to discharge my
+     duty as a private citizen. Hence I have taken no active part in
+     politics. But I have by no means been an indifferent spectator
+     of passing events; nor have I hesitated to express my opinion
+     on all political subjects when asked; nor to give my vote and
+     private influence for those men and measures I thought best
+     calculated to promote the prosperity and glory of our common
+     country. Beyond this I deemed it improper for me to interfere.
+     But this unsolicited and unexpected nomination has imposed upon
+     me a new duty, from which I cannot shrink; and therefore,
+     approving, as I do, of the general objects of the party which
+     has honored me with its confidence, I cheerfully accept its
+     nomination, without waiting to inquire of its prospects of
+     success or defeat. It is sufficient for me to know that by so
+     doing I yield to the wishes of a large portion of my
+     fellow-citizens in every part of the Union, who, like myself,
+     are sincerely anxious to see the administration of our
+     government restored to that original simplicity and purity
+     which marked the first years of its existence; and, if
+     possible, to quiet that alarming sectional agitation, which,
+     while it delights the Monarchists of Europe, causes every true
+     friend of our own country to mourn.
+
+     Having the experience of past service in the administration of
+     the Government, I may be permitted to refer to that as the
+     exponent of the future, and to say, should the choice of the
+     Convention be sanctioned by the people, I shall, with the same
+     scrupulous regard for the rights of every section of the Union
+     which then influenced my conduct, endeavor to perform every
+     duty confided by the Constitution and laws to the Executive.
+
+     As the proceedings of this Convention have marked a new era in
+     the history of the country, by bringing a new political
+     organization into the approaching Presidential canvass, I take
+     the occasion to reaffirm my full confidence in the patriotic
+     purposes of that organization, which I regard as springing out
+     of a public necessity, forced upon the country, to a large
+     extent, by unfortunate sectional divisions, and the dangerous
+     tendency of those divisions towards disunion. It alone, in my
+     opinion, of all the political agencies now existing, is
+     possessed of the power to silence this violent and disastrous
+     agitation, and to restore harmony by its own example of
+     moderation and forbearance. It has a claim, therefore, in my
+     judgment, upon every earnest friend of the integrity of the
+     Union.
+
+     So estimating this party, both in its present position and
+     future destiny, I freely adopt its great leading principles as
+     announced in the recent declaration of the National Council at
+     Philadelphia, a copy of which you were so kind as to enclose
+     me, holding them to be just and liberal to every true interest
+     of the country, and wisely adapted to the establishment and
+     support of an enlightened, safe, and effective American policy,
+     in full accord with the ideas and the hopes of the fathers of
+     our Republic.
+
+     I expect shortly to sail for America; and, with the blessings
+     of Divine Providence, hope soon to tread my native soil. My
+     opportunity of comparing my own country and the condition of
+     its people with those of Europe, has only served to increase my
+     admiration and love for our own blessed land of liberty, and I
+     shall return to it without even a desire ever to cross the
+     Atlantic again.
+
+     I beg of you, gentlemen, to accept my thanks for the very
+     flattering manner in which you have been pleased to communicate
+     the results of the action of that enlightened and patriotic
+     body of men who composed the late Convention, and to be assured
+     that
+
+     I am, with profound respect and esteem,
+
+     Your friend and fellow-citizen,
+
+                                    MILLARD FILLMORE.
+
+     Messrs. Alex. H. H. Stuart, Andrew Stewart, Erastus Brooks, E.
+     B. Bartlett, Wm. J. Eames, Ephraim Marsh, _Committee_.
+
+
+
+
+WHO IS ANDREW J. DONELSON?
+
+
+This gentleman being now the nominee of the American party for the
+office of Vice-President, naturally attracts much of public attention;
+and as a matter to be looked for, and not at all to be regretted, draws
+down upon him great abuse and slander from the hireling editors of the
+corrupt party opposing him. We will let a neighbor of Major Donelson,
+who has had access to his papers, and who has prepared and published in
+the _Nashville Banner_ a sketch of his life, answer the question
+propounded at the head of this chapter:
+
+     "MR. DONELSON is the second son of Samuel Donelson, deceased,
+     who was the brother of the late Mrs. Jackson. His eldest
+     brother died in 1817, soon after the Creek War, in which he
+     participated as a soldier under General Jackson. His death was
+     announced to Mr. Donelson by General Jackson in the following
+     terms: 'Whilst we regret his loss, he has left us the endearing
+     recollection that there was not a stain upon his character. He
+     has performed his duty here below, and has taken his flight to
+     realms above, as unspotted as an angel. What a lesson he has
+     given us! How delightful to dwell upon the idea that he has
+     walked in the paths of virtue during his whole life, without a
+     blemish on his character, and that all his friends may recount
+     his acts with pride and pleasure!' The younger brother is still
+     living in the paternal mansion, and was a member of the last
+     Legislature of Tennessee. The mother of these children
+     afterwards married Mr. James Sanders, of Sumner county,
+     Tennessee, and is still enjoying good health. She is the only
+     daughter of Gen. Daniel Smith, who was one of the surveyors of
+     the line between Virginia and North Carolina, and succeeded
+     Gen. Jackson in the Senate of the United States.
+
+     "General Smith had an important agency in shaping the early
+     history of Tennessee--having represented a portion of the
+     people in the North Carolina Legislature, and in the Convention
+     which ratified the Constitution of the United States. He was
+     also Secretary of the Territory, and a member of the Convention
+     of 1796. He was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to
+     Tennessee soon after he had surveyed the line between that
+     State and North Carolina, having, while in the execution of
+     that service, seen the fine lands in Middle Tennessee. He
+     settled the lands upon which his grandson, Henry Smith, now
+     resides; and built the mansion, which is still there, at a
+     period when the men engaged in quarrying the rock had to be
+     guarded from the attacks of the Indians.
+
+     "The father of Samuel Donelson, Col. John Donelson, was also a
+     native of Virginia, and at onetime a Representative of one of
+     her oldest counties, Pittsylvania, in the House of Burgesses.
+     He possessed in an eminent degree the respect of the Provincial
+     Governor of that Commonwealth, from whom he received the
+     appointment of Indian Commissioner about the year 1770; and it
+     is to his bold and enterprising spirit that we are in a great
+     measure indebted for the Indian Treaties which extended the
+     settlements of Virginia through Kentucky to the Ohio river. He
+     left Port Patrick Henry in 1779, descending the Tennessee river
+     with all his family, in boats built on the Holston, and came up
+     the Cumberland in those boats as high as the Clover Bottom,
+     encountering incredible toils and dangers. Three years
+     afterwards, in 1793, in conjunction with Col. Martin, he
+     concluded an Indian Treaty, by which the settlements on the
+     Cumberland river were greatly benefited; but he had, previously
+     to his departure from Virginia, under a contract with Georgia,
+     explored the country, and run the line between that State and
+     North Carolina, as far west as the Mississippi river. After
+     settling his family near the present site of the Hermitage, he
+     was killed by the Indians, on a journey to Kentucky, near the
+     Big Barren River, at the advanced age of 75.
+
+     "Samuel Donelson was a lawyer by profession, and the intimate
+     friend and associate of Gen. Jackson, after whom he named his
+     son Andrew, who was born on the 25th of August, 1800. On the
+     second marriage of his mother, this son was taken into the
+     family of the General, who became his guardian and patron; and
+     he remained the most of his time with him until he was prepared
+     to enter the Cumberland College. After finishing his studies at
+     this school, Gen. Jackson obtained for him a Cadet's warrant,
+     which enabled him to enter the Military Academy at West Point,
+     in 1816. He was one of the first class which was graduated
+     under the superintendence of Col. Thayer--finishing the course
+     of studies in three, instead of four years; as is customary.
+     Throughout his service at West Point, he was distinguished for
+     his proficiency in mathematics, and for the facility with which
+     he mastered all the studies which appertain to military
+     science. No higher proof need be adduced of this fact, than the
+     position assigned to him by the Board of Examiners and
+     Visitors, when he graduated. He was placed No. 2, in a class of
+     great merit, notwithstanding he had the studies of two years to
+     pass through in one year, and was recommended to the Department
+     of War for a commission in the Engineer Corps--a compliment
+     accorded only to the most distinguished of the class.
+
+     "After obtaining his commission, Mr. Donelson was ordered to
+     the Western frontier to build a fort; but before he reached
+     this destination, the War Department, on the application of
+     Gen. Jackson, allowed him to accept the appointment of
+     Aide-de-camp in the staff of the General. In this capacity he
+     attended the General when he took possession of the Floridas,
+     and remained with him until the latter resigned his commission
+     in the army.
+
+     "At this period, Mr. Donelson seeing no prospect for rapid
+     promotion in the corps of Engineers, and sharing the conviction
+     then so prevalent in the army, that the conclusion of the war
+     with England had shut the door for a long time to come against
+     those military enterprises which are so tempting to the officer
+     and soldier, and feeling also that he could be more useful in
+     the pursuits of civil life, turned his attention to the study
+     of law. He accordingly resigned his commission; and after
+     attending the course of law lectures in the Transylvania
+     University, then under the presidency of Dr. Holly, he received
+     his license, and appeared at the Nashville bar in 1823, having
+     formed a partnership with Mr. Duncan. Circumstances, however,
+     soon occurred, which withdrew him in a great degree from the
+     practice. General Jackson was again in the field as a candidate
+     for the Presidency, and needed the services of a confidential
+     friend to aid him in repelling the bitter assaults which were
+     made upon his character and services. Animated by a deep sense
+     of gratitude, no duty could be more pleasing to Mr. Donelson
+     than that of contributing his labor to advance the great
+     popular movement which aimed, by the elevation of his
+     benefactor and friend, to promote the highest interests of the
+     country. He therefore cheerfully entered again into the
+     General's family, and travelled with him to Washington City
+     after the elections in 1824. Those elections devolved the
+     choice of President upon the House of Representatives. Mr.
+     Adams was the successful candidate, although Gen. Jackson had a
+     much larger popular vote, and was evidently the favorite of the
+     people.
+
+     "As is well known to the country, the result of that election
+     gave increased force to the sentiment which had placed Gen.
+     Jackson in nomination. The efforts of his friends throughout
+     the Union became more active, and were never abated until the
+     decision of the House of Representatives in 1824 was reversed,
+     and Gen. Jackson placed in the Presidential chair. During these
+     four years, Mr. Donelson, who had married in 1824, settled upon
+     his plantation adjoining the Hermitage, and continued there to
+     promote the cause he had espoused so warmly in the beginning.
+
+     "When the elections of 1828 were over, Gen. Jackson insisted
+     upon the acceptance by Mr. Donelson of the post of private
+     Secretary. Mr. D. accordingly set out with him in the winter of
+     1828 for the city of Washington, taking with him his wife, whom
+     he had married in 1824. This lady was the youngest daughter of
+     Capt. John Donelson, and was invited by Gen. Jackson to do the
+     honors of the White House--a position which she held throughout
+     the greater portion of his Presidency.
+
+     "It was in this capacity that Mr. Donelson endeared himself
+     still more than ever to the Hero of the Hermitage. He spent the
+     prime of his life, from 1828 to 1836, in his service, and he
+     felt himself amply rewarded by the knowledge he thus acquired
+     of public men and measures.
+
+     "At the close of Gen. Jackson's Presidency, Mr. Donelson
+     declined to take office under Mr. Van Buren, being anxious for
+     a respite from public affairs, and to enjoy the pleasures of
+     his farm; upon which he remained until he was called
+     unexpectedly to take a part in the negotiation which brought
+     Texas into our Union. It was upon this theatre that he
+     displayed the judgment and tact which brought him prominently
+     before the country as a man that understood the public
+     interests, and knew how to take care of them.
+
+     "The commission appointing Mr. Donelson Minister to Texas is
+     dated the 16th of September, 1844. Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary
+     of State, in the letter enclosing the commission, says:
+
+     "'The state of things in Texas is such as to require that the
+     place (Charge d'Affaires) should be filled without delay, and
+     to select him who, under all circumstances, may be thought best
+     calculated to bring to a successful decision the great question
+     of annexation pending before the two countries. After full
+     deliberation, you have been selected as that individual; and I
+     do trust, my dear sir, that you will not decline the
+     appointment, however great may be the personal sacrifice of
+     accepting. That great question must be decided in the next
+     three or four months; and whether it shall be favorable or not,
+     will depend on him who shall fill the mission now tendered you.
+     I need not tell you how much depends on its decision for weal
+     or woe to our country, and perhaps the whole continent. It is
+     sufficient to say that, viewed in all its consequences, it is
+     one of the first magnitude; and that it gives an importance to
+     the mission at this time, that raises it to the level with the
+     highest in the gift of the Government.
+
+     "Assuming, therefore, that you will not decline the
+     appointment, unless some insuperable difficulty should
+     interpose, and in order to avoid delay, a commission is
+     herewith transmitted, without the formality of waiting your
+     acceptance, with all the necessary papers.'"
+
+President Polk, after this, confided an important and most critical
+foreign negotiation to Major Donelson; and his estimate of the prudence,
+discretion, and ability with which Major Donelson discharged his trust,
+appears from a letter to Major D. from the Hon. John Y. Mason,
+President Polk's Secretary of War, dated August 7th, 1845. From that
+letter, complimentary from beginning to end, we copy only this portion:
+
+     "The services which you have rendered your country in the
+     delicate negotiations intrusted to you, are justly appreciated.
+     _Your prudence, discretion, and ability have inspired the
+     President with a confidence which would make him feel much more
+     at ease if that delicate task could be in your hands._
+
+     "It gives me great pleasure to assure you that _the publication
+     of your official correspondence will give you a most enviable
+     reputation for the highest qualities of a statesman and
+     diplomatist_.
+
+     "The President unites in the kindest regards, with your friend,
+
+                                    "J. Y. MASON."
+
+PRESIDENT PIERCE'S opinion of Major Donelson may be learned from the
+following letter, written by him to the Major when the latter was the
+editor of the _Washington Union_, the National Organ of the Democratic
+party:
+
+                                    "CONCORD, May 30, 1851.
+
+     "MY DEAR SIR: I rejoice that the leading organ of our party is
+     now under your control, and regard the change as most
+     auspicious at this juncture. There is a great battle before
+     us--a battle for the Union--a battle for the ascendency of the
+     principles, the maintenance of which so nobly signalized the
+     administration of General Jackson. THE TONE, VIGOR, AND
+     STATESMANLIKE GRASP _which you have brought to the columns of
+     the Union are not merely important, they are_ ABSOLUTELY
+     INDISPENSABLE _in this crisis_.
+
+     "With great respect, your friend and servant,
+
+                                    "FRANK. PIERCE."
+
+The following article is from the _Nashville Union_, of October 15,
+1844, the Tennessee Organ of Democracy, published within a few miles of
+where Major Donelson lives, and has passed most of his life. This
+article shows what opinion was entertained of him before he became a
+_Know-Nothing_:
+
+     "The diplomatic agency of this government in Texas is, at this
+     moment, the most important mission abroad; although it ranks
+     with those of the second class, its high and important duties
+     require the talents of one every way qualified for the first
+     foreign mission on the globe.
+
+     "_We congratulate the administration on having been able to
+     secure the services of one so eminently qualified in all
+     respects for the station, whose thorough knowledge of the
+     relations subsisting between the two countries, and whose
+     intimate acquaintance with the prominent statesmen of this and
+     that government, will place him in the enjoyment of advantages
+     which cannot fail to secure to us the most desirable results._
+
+     "Major Donelson leaves his plantation near the Hermitage
+     to-day--proceeding overland to the Mississippi river on his way
+     to the Texan Capital--and we cannot but participate in the
+     painful emotions with which the word 'farewell' will be
+     exchanged between himself and his venerable patron, friend, and
+     relative, 'The Sage of the Hermitage.'
+
+     "In view of the advanced age of General Jackson, it is more
+     than probable that they may never meet again. A relationship
+     next to that of father and son, if, indeed, it be not equally
+     near and dear, will be severed perhaps for ever. And we feel
+     assured that nothing short of a sense of DUTY TO HIS COUNTRY
+     could have induced an acceptance of the mission. Nor, for this
+     patriotic reason, would the aged veteran advise him to decline
+     it.
+
+     "Major D. leaves a host of good and true friends, who will
+     continue to have an abiding solicitude for his health and
+     happiness, and for his early and complete success in 'extending
+     the area of freedom.'"
+
+Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State under Gen. Taylor, wrote to Major
+Donelson, announcing the expiration of the diplomatic relations between
+the United States and Germany, (where the Major was stationed,) and
+closed with the following complimentary expressions:
+
+     "I am directed by the President to express to you his entire
+     approbation of your conduct, and I cannot take leave of you in
+     your public character without adding my testimony to that of
+     the President to the ability and faithfulness with which you
+     have discharged the arduous and delicate duties which your
+     mission imposed upon you.
+
+                                    "JOHN M. CLAYTON."
+
+The Democratic party having always boasted that Gen. Jackson was
+unsurpassed in his keen and unerring insight into the characters of men,
+we must be permitted to call their attention to a clause in the _Last
+Will and Testament_ of Gen. Jackson, as recorded in the county of
+Davidson. This clause sets forth the estimate placed upon Mr. Donelson
+by the old General, after this fashion:
+
+                                    "HERMITAGE, June 7, 1843.
+
+     ... "I bequeath to my well-beloved nephew, Andrew J. Donelson,
+     son of Samuel Donelson, deceased, the elegant sword presented
+     to me by the State of Tennessee, with this injunction, that he
+     fail not to use it when necessary in support and protection of
+     our glorious Union, and for the protection of the
+     constitutional rights of our beloved country, should they be
+     assailed by foreign enemies or _domestic traitors_. This, from
+     the great change in my worldly affairs of late, is, with my
+     blessing, all that I can bequeath him, doing justice to those
+     creditors to whom I am responsible. This bequest is made as a
+     memento of the high regard, affection, and esteem I bear for
+     him as a _high-minded, honest, and honorable man_."
+
+And now, to show that Gen. Jackson had not changed his opinion of the
+Major, we give about the last epistle he ever wrote to him, as it bears
+date but a few days previous to his death:
+
+                                    "HERMITAGE, May 24, 1845.
+
+     "MY DEAR ANDREW: I received last night your affectionate letter
+     of the 15th inst., with the enclosed for your dear Elizabeth,
+     which I sent forthwith, and your kind letter of the 13th this
+     morning. Your family were here yesterday. All well, but looking
+     out for you hourly. I assured Elizabeth that you could not
+     leave your mission before the Texan Congress acted upon the
+     subject with which you were charged. I shall admonish her to be
+     patient and await your return, which will be the moment your
+     honor and duty will permit.
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "My dear Andrew:--What may be my fate God only knows. I am
+     greatly afflicted--suffer much, and it will be almost a miracle
+     if I shall survive my present attack. I am swollen from the
+     toes to the crown of the head, and in bandages to my hips.
+
+     "How far my God may think proper to bear me up under my weight
+     of afflictions, he only knows. But, my dear Major, live or die,
+     you have my blessing and prayers for your welfare and happiness
+     in this world, and that we may meet in a blissful immortality.
+
+                                "Your affectionate uncle,
+
+                                    "ANDREW JACKSON."
+
+While editor of the _Washington Union_, Major Donelson frankly admitted,
+in his account of the election in Tennessee, between Gov. Campbell and
+Gen. Trousdale, that the latter owed his defeat to his opposition to the
+Compromise measures, and his sympathies with the Disunionists. In the
+_Hartford_ Convention held in Nashville, the Major appeared in person,
+and denounced the whole concern as a blow at the Union, and its prime
+movers and advocates as _traitors to their country and to the
+Constitution_. These _Secession_ Democrats, headed by A. V. Brown,
+Eastman & Co., are uncompromising in their hatred of the Major, and they
+never will forgive him, while he remains true to the Union of these
+States, and the Constitution as it is, which will be to the latest hour
+of his earthly existence! Had he never opposed the _treasonable_ designs
+of the Nashville Convention--and had he not advocated the doctrines of
+the American party, these same men would now be loud in his praise, as
+the relative, the political student, and the _successor_ of the Sage of
+the Hermitage!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.]
+
+BUCHANAN NOMINATED AT CINCINNATI.--DISPERSION OF FALSTAFF'S ARMY!
+
+
+The Cincinnati Anti-American, Anti-Protestant, Foreign Catholic,
+Locofoco Pow Wow, has met--transacted its appropriate
+business--nominated old Federal James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, for the
+Presidency, and Robert C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for the Vice
+Presidency--and dispersed: dealing largely in the old game of _brag_, as
+to the _nationality_, _soundness_, and _ability_ of their ticket; when
+it is notorious, that they have at the head of their ticket one of the
+most vulnerable men in the nation; an old political hack, who has been
+"every thing by turns and nothing long;" advocating and opposing all the
+leading measures which have agitated the country for the last forty
+years, as we shall show in the sequel!
+
+They had an awful time at Cincinnati! They organized by calling to the
+chair, temporarily, the notorious _Sam'l. Medary_, the Abolition editor
+of the Ohio Statesman. Either the anti-slavery forces were in the
+majority, or the "odds and ends" of all parties represented in the
+Convention desired to conciliate the Abolition and Black Republican
+wings of their _Foreign Corporation_!
+
+The Missouri Delegation were refused their seats, and they openly
+rebelled, forcing their way into the Convention with _clubs_, knocking
+down and cruelly mangling the head and shoulders of the poor doorkeeper!
+From this, it would seem that they were doing business with _closed
+doors_! Wonder if they had a _password_! Had they "signs and grips,"
+other than those by which they made themselves known to the
+_doorkeeper_?
+
+Did they carry with them "dark-lanterns?" Not they--they are opposed to
+all _secrecy_--they are opposed to all disorderly conduct--they are the
+"harmonious Democracy," and labor alone for the good of the country, and
+of posterity! What a farce their Cincinnati Convention was! And what
+hypocrites they are!
+
+But two full sets of Delegates appeared from New York, and claimed their
+seats; these were _Hards_ and _Softs_--Pierce and
+_anti_-Pierce--Nebraska and _anti_-Nebraska--pro-Slavery and
+_anti_-Slavery, _Filibustering Foreign Catholic Democrats_! Being
+unable to agree among themselves, and the Convention not wishing to
+_offend_ either of these wings of the "great Harmonious Democratic
+Party," they rejected both delegations! This was having a bad effect, as
+a portion of each delegation was out of doors cursing the majority, and
+making threats as to what they would do. So the Convention reconsidered
+their cases, and ADMITTED BOTH DELEGATIONS TO SEATS. They then
+progressed "harmoniously," much after the style of a rickety old cart on
+a hill-side, drawn by a balky horse, whose driver curses him when at
+fault, and curses him when faultless.
+
+Frequently the scenes of confusion and excitement were alike disgusting
+and alarming. The friends of Douglass, Pierce, and Buchanan, were alike
+bitter, and each disposed to ruin the party if they should fail to get
+their man nominated. The anti-slavery portion of the Convention were
+much incensed against the South for the "_lam-basting_" given to
+_Senator Sumner_ by _Representative Brooks_, for words spoken in debate.
+One of Buchanan's men boasted that the assault of Brooks on Sumner had
+gained _twenty_ votes for "Old Buck!" And others of the Buchanan wing,
+out of doors, were stating that they had reliable evidence that "Old
+Buck" did not approve the assault, while Pierce and Douglass did! We
+have no doubt that this sort of influence, added to Buchanan's _known
+hostility to slavery_, secured for him the nomination. And, as if
+desirous to atone for the sin against the South of nominating an old
+_Anti-Slavery Federalist_, they came into a Southern State, Kentucky,
+and selected a young and inexperienced politician, Mr. Robert C.
+Breckenridge, for the Vice Presidency. As Breckenridge is brave, and has
+challenged his man for a _duel_, they can now turn about and appeal to
+the Church-going folks to sustain their ticket _for what_ they implored
+them to repudiate the Whig ticket in 1844! Besides, Breckenridge
+_approves_ the basting of Sumner by Brooks, and this will _offset_
+Buchanan's opposition to that _Southern Democratic measure_!
+Breckenridge has another virtue, which aided in securing his nomination.
+Though the nephew of those _able Know-Nothing Presbyterian Preachers_ of
+that State, he has the independence to come out in opposition to them,
+and the insulting claims set up by _Protestants generally_, and to
+advocate and defend the Roman Catholics.
+
+The "rich and racy" scenes that came off in the Convention, we will
+leave our several friends from Nashville, who were there as reporters in
+the Convention for the American papers, to set forth. With more truth
+than poetry, the "unterrified Democracy" convened at Cincinnati can say,
+"Our army swore terribly in Flanders!" And how could it have been
+otherwise? The Convention was large--composed of several hundred
+delegates, drawn together from all sections of the country, East, West,
+North, and South--"held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder"--and representing every variety and shade of opinion known and
+held under the much abused but comprehensive name of Democracy! Nor was
+the moral and personal character of the Convention less mixed and
+many-colored than was its politics.
+
+In looking over the proceedings of this coalition and combination of
+Bogus Democrats, Foreign Pauper Advocates, and anti-Protestant lovers of
+Religious Liberty, we have looked in vain for the names of distinguished
+Tennesseeans, who ought to have been second best, to say the least of
+it, in the ballots for a nomination! It was that Aaron V. Brown, "the
+son of a now sainted father," was put in nomination for the office of
+Vice President, by a Mr. Brown, supposed to be his nephew; but making no
+run at all, he was taken off the track instantly--rubbed down and salted
+away!
+
+But Andrew Johnson, who was to have been nominated for the first office
+within the gift of the American people and no mistake, (!) was not even
+named, and some say he was not even thought of for the position. We had
+supposed that there existed among the leaders of the self-styled
+Democracy, a determination to doom to utter extinction the light that
+has guided the children of Political Reform in Tennessee, and throughout
+the known world, and now we know it! The opposers of intellectual
+emancipation, of "Jacob's Ladder Democracy," so superior to
+Christianity, have triumphed at Cincinnati, and trampled under foot,
+with impunity, the soul-stirring doctrine of "converging lines." The
+next steps with these "enemies of righteousness" will be the rack, the
+gibbet, and a second edition of the infernal inquisition! Will the
+friends of the "White Basis" Governor of Tennessee tamely surrender
+their dearest rights to these Cincinnati _crusaders_, without a single
+struggle? Will they allow the saddle of Federal domination to be quietly
+thrown on their backs? Ye Greene county delegates forbid it!
+
+But Johnson is doomed to an inglorious retirement from public life. He
+can console himself with the reflection, that rank only degrades--wealth
+only impoverishes--ornaments but disfigure him! The man who discovered
+that the Bogus Democracy of the nineteenth century leads fallen sinful
+man to the throne of God, needs no office to elevate him. These Johnson
+Democrats enjoy the pure religion of Democracy--a religion which enters
+the closet--pours forth its supplications in private, feeds the poor,
+clothes the naked--inflames not the prejudices of Protestant sects--is
+modest and unassuming in its demeanor--is charitable and kind to the
+persecuted and pious Catholics--bears with the infirmities of Foreign
+Paupers--is not ambitious and designing, seeking to accomplish vast
+schemes by doubtful means!
+
+While Old Federal Buck was nominated on the seventeenth ballot, after
+much excitement, wrangling and abuse, young Breckenridge, whose only
+merit is his having challenged the Hon. Francis B. Cutting, of New York,
+to fight a duel, two years ago, was nominated on the second ballot. The
+ballot for a candidate for the Vice Presidency resulted as follows:
+
+    John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky,      55
+    John A. Quitman, of Mississippi,        59
+    Linn Boyd, of Kentucky,                 33
+    Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama,       11
+    Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee,           29
+    Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia,        31
+    Thomas J. Rusk, of Texas,                2
+    Wm  H. Polk, of Tennessee,               5
+    J. C. Dobbin, of North Carolina,        13
+
+A second ballot was entered into, when Hon. John C. Breckenridge, of
+Kentucky, was unanimously chosen.
+
+Tennessee, in voting for a Presidential candidate, voted SIX times for
+Pierce, and EIGHT times for Douglass, and never came over to old Federal
+Buck until they could do nothing for Pierce or Douglass. Buck seems to
+have been a fill for Tennessee! But now, the Tennessee Democracy say:
+
+    "With hounds and horn,
+    At rosy morn,
+    We _Bucks_ a hunting go!"
+
+Well, we Americans will get after Old Buck's venison too, and between
+this and November next, many will be the steak we shall eat out of his
+old Federal carcass. It is venison worthy of the chase, for
+
+    ----"Finer or fatter
+    Ne'er roamed in the forest,
+    Or smoked in a platter."
+
+So--
+
+    "Hi, ho, Chevy,
+    Hark away, hark away, tantivy,
+    Here rests the burthen of my song,
+    This _time_ a stag must die."
+
+But Democracy have commenced their old game of brag, by puffing their
+ticket as a national and conservative ticket, the very thing they
+denied. Now let us look into the soundness and nationality of the HEAD
+of the ticket. We have before us a copy of a work published in 1839, by
+Robert Mayo, M. D., entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight Years in
+Washington, in four parts." This work has gone through various editions,
+having been published by Fielding Lucas, Jr., of Baltimore; Garret
+Anderson, of Washington; J. R. Smith, of Richmond; Carey, Hart & Co., of
+Philadelphia, and by others in New York and Boston. On page 38 of this
+work, which Mr. Buchanan has never contradicted, he is reported to have
+denounced the visions, patronage, and corruptions of the Democratic
+Administrations, while he, Buchanan, was a member of the Old Federal
+Party.
+
+On page 6 of this work, in the preface, the author says, in speaking of
+Buchanan before he turned Democrat:
+
+     "The declarations of some of these new disciples of Democracy
+     in past times are striking enough. MR. BUCHANAN of
+     PENNSYLVANIA, while he acted in his true character, DECLARED
+     THAT IF HE HAD A DROP OF DEMOCRATIC BLOOD IN HIS VEINS, HE
+     WOULD LET IT OUT! He put his royal declaration on paper, and it
+     has risen up against him."
+
+A recent brief memoir of Mr. Buchanan, put forth in Pennsylvania, states
+that he was elected to the Legislature in 1815, where he distinguished
+himself by those exhibitions of intellect which gave promise of future
+eminence. The Lancaster _Register_, published in the immediate vicinity
+of Mr. Buchanan's residence, asks _by whom_ was he elected? and thus
+supplies the record for 1815:
+
+     ASSEMBLY.
+
+     For JAMES BUCHANAN,   Federal    3051
+      "  Molton O. Rogers, Democrat   2502
+
+The memoir sets forth that Mr. Buchanan was elected to Congress in 1820,
+and that he retained his position in that body for ten years,
+voluntarily retiring.
+
+The Lancaster _Register_ inquires if he were elected as a _Democrat_,
+and answers the inquiry by the following historical facts:
+
+     CONGRESS.
+
+     1820--James Buchanan, Federal      4642
+       "   Jacob Hibsman, Democrat      3666
+     1822--James Buchanan, Federal      2153
+       "   Jacob Hibsman, Democrat      1940
+     1824--James Buchanan, Federal      3560
+       "   Samuel Houston, Democrat     3046
+     1826--James Buchanan, Federal      2760
+       "   Dr. John McCamant, Democrat  2307
+     1828--James Buchanan, Jackson      5203
+       "   William Hiester, Adams       3904
+
+The Lancaster _Register_ then pursues its criticism as follows:
+
+     "On the 4th of July, 1815, Mr. Buchanan, when he was a
+     candidate for Assembly on the _Federal ticket_, delivered 'an
+     oration' in Lancaster, in which he showed his _love_ of
+     Federalism and _hatred_ of Democracy, by attacking the
+     Administration of James Madison. He said:
+
+     "'Time will not allow me to enumerate all the other evils and
+     wicked projects of the Democratic administration.'
+
+     "And again, in the same oration, he said:
+
+     "'What must be our opinion of an opposition whose passions were
+     so dark and malignant as to be gratified in endeavoring to
+     blast the character and imbitter the old age of Washington?
+     After thus persecuting the saviour of his country, _how can the
+     Democratic party dare to call themselves his disciples_?'"
+
+And who does not recollect, in Tennessee, with what force and effect
+JAMES C. JONES used to point out JAMES BUCHANAN as one of the _rank old
+Federalists_ who had come over to the Democratic ranks, and was battling
+with _Col. Polk_, side by side, while he was consuming half his time in
+abuse of the Federal party? When the Democratic candidate for Congress
+in this District, JULIUS W. BLACKWELL, charged _Federalism_ upon the
+Whig party, who does not recollect with what effect and spirit JOHN H.
+CROZIER ran over the list of ODIOUS OLD FEDERALISTS, then fighting under
+the Democratic flag, among them naming out JAMES BUCHANAN? And will not
+the files of the KNOXVILLE POST, edited by Capt. JAMES WILLIAMS, show
+how he held up JAMES BUCHANAN and others as an _old Federalist of the
+first water_?
+
+On the subject of _Slavery_ the memoir is not definite, and the
+Lancaster Register comes to its aid by publishing the following
+proceedings of a public meeting held in that city on the 23d of
+November, 1819:
+
+     "WHEREAS, the people of this State, pursuing the maxims and
+     animated by the beneficence of the great founder of
+     Pennsylvania, first gave effect to the gradual abolition of
+     slavery by a national act, which has not only rescued the
+     unhappy and helpless African within their territory from the
+     demoralizing influence of slavery, but ameliorating his state
+     and condition throughout Europe and America; and whereas, it
+     would illy comport with those humane and Christian efforts to
+     be silent spectators when this great cause of humanity is about
+     to be agitated in Congress, by fixing the destiny of the new
+     domains of the United States: therefore,
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the representatives in Congress from this
+     district be and they are hereby most earnestly requested to use
+     their utmost endeavors, as members of the National Legislature,
+     to prevent the existence of slavery in any of the Territories
+     or new States which may be created by Congress.
+
+     "_Resolved_, As the opinion of this meeting, that as the
+     Legislature of this State will shortly be in session, it will
+     be highly deserving of their wisdom and patriotism to take into
+     their early and most serious consideration the propriety of
+     instructing our representatives in the National Legislature to
+     use the most zealous and strenuous exertions to inhibit the
+     existence of slavery in any of the Territories or States which
+     may hereafter be created by Congress; and that the members of
+     Assembly from this county be requested to embrace the earliest
+     opportunity of bringing this subject before both Houses of the
+     Legislature.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That, in the opinion of this meeting, the members
+     of Congress who at the last session sustained the cause of
+     justice, humanity, and patriotism, in opposing the introduction
+     of slavery into the State then endeavored to be formed out of
+     the Missouri Territory, are entitled to the warmest thanks of
+     every friend of humanity.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the proceedings of this meeting be published
+     in the newspapers in this city.
+
+                                    "JAMES HOPKINS,
+                                    WM. JENKINS,
+                                    JAMES BUCHANAN."
+
+     "The foregoing resolutions being read were unanimously adopted,
+     after which the meeting adjourned. (Signed)
+
+                                    WALTER FRANKLIN, Ch'n.
+
+     "Attest--WM. JENKINS, Sec'y."
+
+The "Perry County Democratic Press," for April 9th, 1856, an able paper
+published at Bloomfield in Pennsylvania, shows up the _Federal
+anti-slavery, anti-Democratic, turn-coat character_ of Mr. Buchanan,
+after this fashion:
+
+
+     JAMES BUCHANAN'S SOMERSETS.
+
+     "No man in the United States has turned his political coat as
+     often as James Buchanan. He has espoused the principles of
+     every party that has had an existence since the memorable
+     Hartford Convention, and has been on all sides of political
+     questions.
+
+     "A brief reference to his history will establish conclusively
+     our assertions."
+
+
+     HIS FEDERALISM.
+
+     "He entered political life in 1814 as a rank Federalist, and by
+     the Federal party he was elected to the Legislature of the
+     State. He was re-elected in 1815, defeating Molton C. Rogers,
+     the Democratic candidate, and afterwards one of the Supreme
+     Judges of the State.
+
+     "In 1820, he was the Federal candidate for Congress, and was
+     elected over Jacob Hibsman, the Democratic candidate, by 976
+     majority. In 1822, he was reëlected over the same man by 813
+     majority. In 1824, he was the Federal candidate for Congress,
+     and elected over Samuel Houston, the Democratic candidate, by
+     519 votes. In 1826, he was re-elected over Dr. John McCamant,
+     the Democratic candidate, by 453 votes. His majorities were
+     becoming less each time, and in order to satisfy his Federal
+     friends of his fidelity to the party, he had to declare that
+     'if he had a drop of Democratic blood in his veins, he would
+     open them and let it out.'"
+
+
+     HE BECOMES A DEMOCRAT.
+
+     "Two years after this, he changed his coat and became a
+     full-blooded Democrat, and ran for Congress as the Democratic
+     candidate, and was elected by virtue of General Jackson's
+     popularity. He was afraid to run a second term, and he
+     declined."
+
+
+     HIS TEN CENT SPEECH.
+
+     "In 1843, in the United States Senate, he made a speech
+     advocating the principle that ten cents is a sufficient
+     compensation for a day's labor. Hence he is called 'Ten Cent
+     Jimmy.'
+
+     "In 1845, he became Secretary of State under Polk's
+     administration, and consented to give away about half of the
+     Territory of Oregon to the British government, after he had
+     proven that they had not a spark of title to it.
+
+     "He extolled the Federal administration of John Adams, and
+     endorsed the abominable Alien and Sedition laws of the Federal
+     reign of terror. He bitterly denounced the administration of
+     that pure Democrat, James Madison, and ridiculed what he termed
+     the follies of Thomas Jefferson."
+
+
+     HIS SLAVERY SOMERSETS.
+
+     "In 1819, at a meeting in Lancaster, he reported resolutions
+     favoring resistance to the extension of slavery and the
+     admission of the State of Missouri as a slave State.
+
+     "In 1847, he wrote to the Democracy of Berks county, saying
+     that the Missouri Compromise had given peace to the country,
+     and that instead of repealing it he was in favor of its
+     extension and maintenance.
+
+     "In 1850, in a letter to Col. Forney, he rejoiced over the
+     settlement of the slavery agitation by the passage of the
+     compromise measures during Fillmore's administration, and hoped
+     that before a dissolution of the Union he might be gathered to
+     his fathers, and never be permitted to witness the sad
+     catastrophe.
+
+     "In 1852, he wrote to Mr. Leake, of Virginia, concerning
+     Fillmore's compromise measures of 1850, which had been passed
+     by Congress, and said, 'that the volcano has been extinguished,
+     and the man who would apply the firebrand to the combustible
+     materials still remaining, will produce an eruption that will
+     overwhelm the Constitution and the Union."
+
+
+     BUCHANAN'S LAST SOMERSET.
+
+     "On the 28th of December, 1855, about three months ago, Mr.
+     Buchanan, in a letter to John Slidell, of Louisiana, says: 'The
+     Missouri Compromise is gone, and gone for ever. It has
+     departed. The time for it has passed away, and the best, nay,
+     the only mode now left of _putting down_ the fanatical and
+     reckless spirit of the North is to adhere to the existing
+     settlement without the slightest thought or appearance of
+     wavering, and without regarding any storm which may be raised
+     against it."
+
+Here, then, is an authentic record--if the reader please, a GILT-FRAME
+PENNSYLVANIA LOOKING-GLASS, in which the Democracy of the South who
+admire the nominee of the late Cincinnati Convention can _see him as he
+is_! Heretofore, to use the language of Holy Writ, they have seen him
+"through a glass darkly, but now face to face." Here they see him
+standing erect upon the floor of the United States Senate, in all the
+pride of that _aristocracy_ which has characterized his course in life,
+and giving vent to the old and bitter feelings of the _royalists_ in
+Pennsylvania, by advocating the _oppressive British doctrine_, that TEN
+CENTS PER DAY _is enough for a poor white man as a day-laborer_! And
+here, too, our hard-fisted working-men, North and South, can see what
+sort of a man the Democracy are asking them to vote for for the
+Presidency!
+
+In his Fourth of July oration in 1815, delivered in the hearing of an
+immense crowd, and afterwards published in all the leading papers of
+Pennsylvania, Mr. Buchanan came out as a _Know-Nothing_, which he has
+now to repudiate in stepping upon the _Anti-American Catholic Platform_
+prepared for him at Cincinnati! Here is what he said in that celebrated
+oration:
+
+     "The greater part of those foreigners who would not be thus
+     affected by it, have long been the warmest friends of the
+     party. They had been _one of the great means of elevating the
+     present ruling_ (Democratic) party, and it would have been
+     ungrateful for that party to have abandoned them. To secure
+     this foreign feeling has been the labor of their leaders for
+     more than twenty years, and well have they been paid for their
+     trouble, for it has been one of the principal causes of
+     introducing and continuing them in power. Immediately before
+     the war this foreign influence had completely embodied itself
+     with the majority, particularly in the West, and its voice was
+     heard so loud at the seat of government, that President Madison
+     was obliged either to yield to its dictates or retire from
+     office. The choice was easily made by a man who preferred his
+     private interests to the public good, and therefore hurried us
+     into a war for which we were utterly unprepared."
+
+And then again:
+
+     "We ought to use every honest exertion to turn out of power
+     those weak and wicked men whose wild and visionary theories
+     have been tested and found wanting. Above all, we ought to
+     drive from our shores foreign influence, and cherish American
+     feeling. Foreign influence has been in every age the curse of
+     republics--its jaundiced eye sees every thing in false
+     colors--the thick atmosphere of prejudice by which it is ever
+     surrounded, excluding from its sight the light of reason. Let
+     us then learn wisdom from experience, and for ever banish this
+     fiend from our country."
+
+And here is what JACKSON thought of BUCHANAN. The Democratic Washington
+correspondent of the New York Evening Post, who was favorable to the
+nomination of Pierce, makes this statement--a statement we have often
+heard before, and never heard contradicted:
+
+     "On the night before leaving Nashville to occupy the White
+     House, Mr. Polk, in company with Gen. Robert Armstrong, called
+     at the Hermitage to procure some advice from the old hero as to
+     the selection of his cabinet. Jackson strongly urged the
+     President-elect to give no place in it to Buchanan, as he could
+     not be relied upon. It so happened that Polk had already
+     determined to make that very appointment, having probably
+     offered the situation to the statesman of Pennsylvania. This
+     fact induced Gen. Armstrong subsequently to tell Jackson that
+     he had given Polk a rather hard rub, as Buchanan had already
+     been selected for Secretary of State. 'I can't help it,' said
+     the old man: 'I felt it my duty to warn him against Mr.
+     Buchanan, whether it was agreeable or not. Mr. Polk will find
+     Buchanan an unreliable man. I know him well, and Mr. Polk will
+     yet admit the correctness of my prediction.'
+
+     "It was the last visit ever made by Mr. Polk to the old hero
+     when this unavailing remonstrance was delivered, but the new
+     President, long before the end of his administration, had
+     reason to acknowledge its propriety and justice, and in the
+     diary kept by him during that period may still be read a most
+     emphatic declaration of his distrust of Mr. Buchanan. Every one
+     is aware of two marked instances in which, as Secretary of
+     State, the latter failed to support the policy of the
+     administration, viz., on the question of the tariff of 1846,
+     and the requisition of the ten regiments voted by Congress for
+     the Mexican war. On both of these measures he was known to be
+     opposed to the wishes of Mr. Polk."
+
+_Mr. Charles Irving_, the Democratic editor of the Lynchburg Republican,
+and a delegate at Richmond in the State Convention, thus disposes of Mr.
+Buchanan in a long and able letter, dated May 7th, 1856:
+
+     "If silence during the battle constitutes a claim for office,
+     how can the South expect Northern statesmen to uphold her
+     banner, when abolitionists are seeking to tear it to tatters?
+     If an ability to get free-soil votes makes a candidate
+     available, and that species of availability is recognized as a
+     merit at the South, Northern statesmen should court
+     free-soilers, and not struggle with them, if they wish to be
+     Presidents. Such availability may be very desirable to those
+     who wish success alone, but those who look to the interests of
+     the country may well be excused if they prefer a different
+     standard. I certainly _prefer_ that the South shall PREFER the
+     selection, not only of a sound man, but that she shall vote for
+     the nomination of no man upon any such ground of availability.
+     The coming election must settle the slavery agitation. I do not
+     wish a single free-soiler to vote the Democratic ticket, nor
+     will I willingly afford them the slightest excuse for so doing.
+     A prominent North-West Democrat told me to-day, that the
+     nomination of Mr. Buchanan would enable Trumbull, Wentworth,
+     and other free-soilers to come back into the party. I am not
+     anxious to get back such characters. These are some reasons for
+     not preferring Mr. Buchanan.
+
+     "But there is still another reason. That reason is in his
+     record. To carry the entire South, we must have not only a
+     sound man, but one who is above impeachment--whose record is as
+     stainless as the principles he advocates. Is such the case with
+     Mr. Buchanan? Let the record answer.
+
+     "On the 27th of December, 1837, Mr. Calhoun submitted to the
+     Senate that celebrated series of resolutions, the great objects
+     of which were to set forth with precision and force the
+     constitutional rights of the slaveholding States, and to
+     attract to their support an enlightened public opinion against
+     the attacks of Northern fanaticism. The second resolution was
+     in these words: (Calhoun's Works, volume 3, page 140.)
+
+     "'_Resolved_, That in delegating a portion of their powers to
+     be exercised by the Federal Government, the States retained
+     severally the exclusive and sole right over their own domestic
+     institutions and police, and are alone responsible for them,
+     and that any intermeddling of any one or more States, or a
+     combination of their citizens, with the domestic institutions
+     and police of the others, on any ground or under any pretext
+     whatever, political, moral, or religious, with a view to their
+     alteration or subversion, is an assumption of superiority not
+     warranted by the Constitution, insulting to the States
+     interfered with, tending to endanger their domestic peace and
+     tranquillity, subversive of the objects for which the
+     Constitution was formed, and, by necessary consequence, tending
+     to weaken and destroy the Union itself.'
+
+     "Mr. Morris of Ohio, who was then the only avowed Abolitionist
+     in the Senate, moved to strike out the words 'moral and
+     religious.' Had the motion prevailed, the effect would have
+     been to encourage agitation in the form in which it would be
+     most likely to be fatal to the South. It would have been a
+     direct encouragement to the Abolitionized clergy of the North
+     to take the very course which was taken by the 'three thousand
+     and fifty divines' who, in 1854, sacrilegiously assumed, 'in
+     the name of Almighty God, and in his presence,' to denounce the
+     repeal of the Missouri Compromise as 'a violation of plighted
+     faith and a breach of a national compact.' Subsequent events
+     have abundantly attested the truth of what Mr. Calhoun said,
+     when arguing against the motion, 'that the whole spirit of the
+     resolution hinged upon that word _religious_.'
+
+     "The vote taken on Mr. Morris's amendment stood as follows:
+     (Congressional Globe, volume 6, page 74.)
+
+     "Yeas--Messrs. Bayard, BUCHANAN, Clayton, Davis, McKeon,
+     Morris, Prentiss, Robbins, Ruggles, Smyth of Indiana,
+     Southward, Swift, Tipton, and Webster--14.
+
+     "Nays--Messrs. Allen, Black, Brown, Calhoun, Clay of Alabama,
+     Clay of Kentucky, Cuthbert, Fulton, Hubbard, King, Knight,
+     Linn, Lumpkin, Lyon, Nicholas, Niles, Norvell, Pierce, Preston,
+     Rives, Roane, Robinson, Sevier, Smyth of Connecticut, Strange,
+     Walker, Wall, White, Williams, Wright, and Young--31.
+
+     "The fifth resolution to which Mr. Calhoun here referred, and
+     which he justly regarded as the most important of all, and
+     struggled most perseveringly to have passed without amendment,
+     was strictly as follows:
+
+     "'Resolved, That the intermeddling of any State or States, or
+     their citizens, to abolish slavery in this District, or in any
+     of the Territories, on the ground, or under the pretext, that
+     it is immoral or sinful, or the passage of any act or measure
+     of Congress, with that view, would be a direct and dangerous
+     attack on the institutions of all the slaveholding States.'
+
+     "This resolution covered the whole premises. It met the issue
+     boldly and fully. No Southern Democrat can hesitate to say that
+     it embodied a great truth, to which events have borne emphatic
+     testimony. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, moved to strike it out, and
+     insert the following as a substitute:
+
+     "'Resolved, That when the District of Columbia was ceded by the
+     States of Virginia and Maryland to the United States, domestic
+     slavery existed in both of those States, including the ceded
+     territory; and that, as it still continues in both of them, it
+     could not be abolished within the District without a violation
+     of that good faith which was implied in the cession, and in the
+     acceptance of the territory, nor unless compensation were made
+     for the slaves, without a manifest infringement of an amendment
+     of the Constitution of the United States, nor without exciting
+     a degree of just alarm and apprehension in the States
+     recognizing slavery, far transcending, in mischievous tendency,
+     any possible benefit which would be accomplished by the
+     abolition.' (Congressional Globe, vol. 6, page 58.)
+
+     "The utter insufficiency of this temporizing amendment scarcely
+     need be pointed out. Objectionable as it was in conceding to
+     Congress the constitutional power to abolish slavery in the
+     District of Columbia, and declaring against the exercise of
+     that power only on the ground of inexpediency, it was still
+     more so in this, that it made no reference whatever to the
+     territories of the United States. The passage of Mr. Calhoun's
+     resolution would have committed the Senate, not only against
+     the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, but
+     against the application of the Wilmot Proviso and kindred
+     measures to the Territories. Mr. Clay's amendment was entirely
+     silent on the subject. It is true, that in another resolution
+     which he proposed to have adopted as an additional amendment,
+     it was declared that the abolition of slavery in the Territory
+     of Florida would be highly inexpedient, for the principal
+     reason 'that it would be in violation of a solemn compromise
+     made at a memorable and critical period in the history of this
+     country, by which, while slavery was prohibited north, it was
+     admitted south of the line of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes
+     north latitude.' The defect in the first amendment can hardly
+     be considered by Southern men as remedied by another which
+     recognized the binding force of the Missouri Compromise.
+
+     "On the question to strike out Mr. Calhoun's resolution, and
+     insert Mr. Clay's as an amendment, after it had been modified
+     by striking out the part relating to compensation for slaves,
+     the vote stood--yeas 19, nays 18. (Congressional Globe, vol.
+     6, page 62.) _Mr. Buchanan's name stands recorded in the
+     affirmative._
+
+     "On a subsequent occasion, Mr. Calhoun, with a view to infuse
+     vitality into Mr. Clay's amendment, moved to insert that any
+     attempt of Congress to abolish slavery in the Territories,
+     'would be a dangerous attack upon the States in which slavery
+     exists.' Mr. Buchanan opposed the amendment, and it was in
+     reply to his speech that Mr. Calhoun made the remarks which may
+     be found in the third volume of his works, pages 194 to 196,
+     and which he commenced by saying that 'the remarks of the
+     Senator from Pennsylvania were of such a character that he
+     could not permit them to pass in silence.'
+
+     "From these votes, and this language of Mr. Buchanan, it is
+     clear:
+
+     "1st. That he was not opposed to the _religious_ agitation of
+     the slavery question--a species of agitation which Mr. Calhoun
+     justly regarded as more fatal than any other.
+
+     "2d. That he recognized the constitutional power of Congress to
+     abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, opposing its
+     existence only on the ground of its inexpediency--a proposition
+     which the position of Mr. Van Buren shows affords no reliable
+     protection to Southern institutions.
+
+     "3d. That he refused to commit himself fully on the great
+     question as to the power of Congress over the Territories of
+     the United States, and as far as he did go, evidently left it
+     to be understood that the abolition of slavery by Congress in
+     those Territories would be no attack on the States in which it
+     exists.'
+
+     "If his opinions, in these respects, have undergone any
+     material change, the country has not yet been authoritatively
+     apprised of the fact. The reflections cast by him on the
+     institution of slavery, in one of his speeches in England, and
+     the studied design he has manifested to keep aloof from the
+     excitement growing out of the repeal of the Missouri
+     Compromise, are not well calculated to inspire confidence, that
+     if his views have undergone any change, it has been a change
+     for the better."
+
+After thus disposing of the _slavery issue_, _Mr. Irving_ thus turns to
+the _Tariff Question_:
+
+     "So much for the slavery issue. How does Mr. Buchanan stand
+     upon the tariff? Will the Sentinel say that he is sound, or
+     justify his 'low wages' speech? How does he stand upon the
+     French Spoliation bill, which President Polk and President
+     Pierce vetoed? Everybody knows that he was in favor of it. How
+     does he stand upon the Pacific Railroad? He declared himself in
+     favor of an appropriation of public money to build it, as is
+     notorious. In fact, is there a single Federal measure except
+     that of the United States Bank, upon which he is not recorded
+     against Democratic principles? How can we hope to carry the
+     united South with such a record? Will Southern Democrats
+     overlook this record? Will Northern Nebraska men overlook this
+     ignoring of Pierce and Douglass? Is there no danger that in
+     admitting the abolitionist Trumbull, we may not dishearten the
+     gallant Douglass? Is there no fear that in reinstating the
+     free-soil Hickman, who is in favor of Reeder, we may not palsy
+     the arm of Richardson? In fine, is there no fear that in hoping
+     for free-soil aid, we may not lose the few real friends the
+     South has in the North? It is evident to the commonest
+     understanding, that the first step of Northern Black
+     Republicanism is to kill off all those influential men at the
+     North, like Pierce or Douglass, who have actively participated
+     in the fight for our rights. Is not the South aiding them in
+     this first step, when it not only ignores its own sons, but
+     also ignores, upon the ground of availability, those Northern
+     men identified with the late Kansas-Nebraska bill? This is a
+     question the South would do well to ponder. If Mr. Buchanan is
+     to be nominated, and Pierce and Douglass in the North ignored,
+     let the responsibility rest elsewhere than upon the State of
+     Virginia. He may be, and probably is sound, but these are times
+     when more than ordinary caution is necessary. It may become the
+     duty of the South to support him. When that time arrives I can
+     discharge the duty; but I do think that the reasons above
+     stated exempt me from any blame for not advocating him until
+     that responsibility devolves upon me. Very respectfully, CHAS.
+     IRVING.
+
+The Southern Dough-faces of the Foreign Catholic party pretend to hold
+Mr. Fillmore responsible for a letter he wrote more than twenty years
+ago, in which he answers certain interrogatories in reference to
+slavery, _affirmatively_, and in opposition to the extension of slavery!
+The _latest_ record of Buchanan is in 1844, and proves him to be an
+ABOLITIONIST OF THE BLACKEST DYE. About the last speech he ever made in
+Congress, was IN OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY, in secret session of the Senate,
+just before Mr. Polk, in opposition to the wishes of Gen. Jackson, gave
+him a seat in his cabinet. This speech will be found in the
+Congressional Globe for 1844, an extract from which is in these
+_explicit_ and _memorable_ words:
+
+     "In arriving at the conclusion to support this treaty, I had to
+     encounter _but one serious obstacle_, AND THAT WAS THE QUESTION
+     OF SLAVERY. Whilst I have ever maintained, and ever shall
+     maintain, in their full force and vigor, the constitutional
+     rights of the Southern States over their slave property, I yet
+     feel a strong repugnance by any act of mine to extend the
+     limits of the Union over a new slaveholding territory. After
+     mature reflection, however, I overcame these scruples, and now
+     believe that the acquisition of Texas will be the means of
+     limiting, not enlarging, the dominion of slavery.
+
+     "In the government of the world, Providence generally produces
+     great changes by gradual means. There is nothing rash in the
+     counsels of the Almighty. May not, then, the acquisition of
+     Texas be the means of gradually drawing the slaves far to the
+     South to a climate more congenial to their nature; and may they
+     not finally pass off into Mexico, and THERE MINGLE WITH A RACE
+     WHERE NO PREJUDICE EXISTS AGAINST THEIR COLOR? The Mexican
+     nation is composed of Spaniards, Indians, and Negroes, blended
+     together in every variety, who would receive our slaves on
+     terms of perfect social equality. To this condition they never
+     can be admitted in the United States.
+
+     "That the acquisition of Texas would ere long convert Maryland,
+     Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and probably others of the more
+     Northern Slave States, into free States, I entertain not a
+     doubt....
+
+     "But should Texas be annexed to the Union, causes will be
+     brought into operation which must inevitably remove slavery
+     from what may be called the farming States. From the best
+     information, it is no longer profitable to raise wheat, rye,
+     and corn, by slave labor. Where these articles are the only
+     staples of agriculture, in the pointed and expressive language
+     of Randolph, if the slave does not run away from his master,
+     the master must run away from the slave. The slave will
+     naturally be removed from such a country, where his labor is
+     scarcely adequate to his own support, to a region where he can
+     not only maintain himself, but yield large profits to his
+     master. Texas will open an outlet; and slavery itself may thus
+     finally pass the Del Norte, and be lost in Mexico. One thing is
+     certain, the present number of slaves cannot be increased by
+     the annexation of Texas.
+
+     "I have never apprehended the preponderance of the slave States
+     in the councils of the nation. Such a fear has always appeared
+     to me visionary. But those who entertain such apprehensions
+     need not be alarmed by the acquisition of Texas. More than
+     one-half of its territory is wholly unfit for the slave labor;
+     and, therefore, in the nature of things must be free. Mr. Clay,
+     in his letter of the 17th of April last, on the subject of
+     annexation, states that, according to his information--
+
+     "'The Territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five
+     States of convenient size and form. Of these, two only would be
+     adapted to those peculiar institutions (slavery) to which I
+     have referred; and the other three, lying west and north of San
+     Antonio, being only adapted to farming and grazing purposes,
+     from the nature of their soil, climate, and productions, would
+     not admit of these institutions. In the end, therefore, there
+     would be two slave and three free States probably added to the
+     Union.'
+
+     "And here permit me to observe, that there is one defect in the
+     treaty which ought to be amended if we all did not know that it
+     is destined to be rejected. The treaty itself ought to
+     determine how many free and how many slave States should be
+     made out of this territory."
+
+On the 11th of April, 1826, James Buchanan, who is now being supported
+by _Southern slaveholders_, made a speech in Congress, _eleven years
+after_ his Fourth of July oration, from which the following is taken:
+
+     "Permit me here, Mr. Chairman, for a moment, to speak upon a
+     subject to which I have never before adverted upon this floor,
+     and to which, I trust, I may never again have occasion to
+     advert. I mean the subject of slavery. I BELIEVE IT TO BE A
+     GREAT POLITICAL AND A GREAT MORAL EVIL. I THANK GOD, MY LOT HAS
+     BEEN CAST IN A STATE WHERE IT DOES NOT EXIST.... IT HAS BEEN A
+     CURSE ENTAILED UPON US BY THAT NATION WHICH MAKES IT A SUBJECT
+     OF REPROACH TO OUR INSTITUTIONS." (See Gales and Seaton's
+     Register of Debates, page 2180, vol. ii., part 2.)
+
+
+MORE BUCHANAN ANTECEDENTS.
+
+When a "_Uniform Bankrupt Law_" was enacted by Congress, after the
+election of General Harrison, there were on the files of the Judiciary
+Committee of the Senate _fifty-one petitions_, praying for the passage
+of such a law. Twenty-nine of these were from New York, five from New
+Jersey, three from Ohio, two from Indiana, two from Massachusetts, and
+_one_ from each of the States of Tennessee and Mississippi. There were
+_twenty-five_ other petitions praying for "_A General Bankrupt Law_;"
+_fifteen_ of which were from New York, and eight from Pennsylvania; and
+how will the Democracy like to see it hereafter proven that BUCHANAN
+presented these petitions, and voted for the law? If it shall turn out
+that "Old Buck" did really go for the "odious Bankrupt Law," let his
+friends defend him on the ground that his _State_ desired it, and had
+always favored the measure!
+
+In the House of Representatives, in Congress, January 3, 1815, _Mr.
+Ingersoll_, a notorious Democrat from Pennsylvania, and a _Boy Tory_ of
+the war of the Revolution, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported
+a bill to establish _a uniform law of Bankruptcy throughout the United
+States_! If these facts should not turn out to be a sufficient
+justification of _Mr. Buchanan's course_, provided he went for this
+Bankrupt Law, let his friends present these facts, and show that he was
+in good old Federal Democratic _company_:
+
+NUMBER 1. On the 5th of September, 1837, Mr. Van Buren's _Democratic_
+Secretary of the Treasury made a report to Congress, praying the passage
+of a _uniform Bankrupt Law_, which was referred to the Committee on the
+Judiciary.
+
+NUMBER 2. On the 13th day of January, 1840, _Mr. Norvell_, a Democratic
+Senator from Michigan, moved that the Judiciary be instructed to inquire
+into the expediency of reporting a bill for the establishment of a
+_General Bankrupt Law_.
+
+NUMBER 3. On the 22d of April, 1840, _Garret D. Wall_, a flaming
+Democratic Senator in Congress, reported certain amendments to a
+Bankrupt Law, from a minority of the Committee; which were referred to
+the Senate's select Committee, and reported by Mr. Wall, and passed--21
+to 19--and sent to the House.
+
+NUMBER 4. In the Senate, July 23, 1841, _Mr. Nicholson_, a Democratic
+Senator from Tennessee, delivered an able speech in favor of a uniform
+system of Bankruptcy, and moved to amend the bill then pending, by
+inserting "BANKS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS;" which motion was lost by a
+vote of 34 to 16.
+
+NUMBER 5. That great light of Democracy, _Col. Richard M. Johnson_, late
+Vice-President of the United States, wrote and spoke in favor of a
+General Bankrupt Law. In a letter of his, now before us, dated
+Washington, January 18, 1841, he says, speaking of such a law: "_My
+opinion is that it will redound to the honor of our country._"
+
+But we will do Mr. Buchanan justice, by stating that he said he would
+vote _against_ the Bankrupt Law of 1840, because he did not like its
+features. When Mr. Webster spoke in favor of the law, and of the
+character of the _petitioners_, many of whom presented their petitions
+through Mr. Buchanan, the latter spoke on the 24th of February, 1840;
+and, to satisfy Mr. Webster and others that he was not opposed to the
+_principle_ in former days, stated, "_He came to the other House of
+Congress, many years since_, A FRIEND OF A BANKRUPT LAW. The subject was
+before the House when he entered the body twenty years ago." He added,
+"He was _open to conviction_, and might change his purpose!"
+
+Thus, it will be seen that Mr. Buchanan, in this, as in every thing
+else, _was on both sides_! And how does it look in a Presidential
+candidate, to have supported a _General Bankrupt Law_ for the relief of
+_rich, extravagant, and aristocratic_ gentlemen, and then to turn round
+and advocate "ten cents per day" for poor folks and laboring men? It
+will look rather bad; but, then, Sag Nicht Democracy can go any thing!
+This old "ten cents per day" champion of Democracy advocated, in so many
+words, the reduction of all paper money prices to the real Cuba standard
+of solid money! We take extracts from his speech, which will be found in
+the Appendix to the Congressional Globe, page 135:
+
+     "In Germany, where the currency is purely metallic, and the
+     cost of every thing is REDUCED to a hard money standard, a
+     piece of broadcloth can be manufactured for fifty dollars; the
+     manufacture of which in our country, from the expansion of
+     paper currency, would cost one hundred dollars. What is the
+     consequence? The foreign French and German manufacturer imports
+     this cloth into our country, and sells it for a hundred. Does
+     not every person perceive that the redundancy of our currency
+     is equal to a premium of one hundred per cent. in favor of the
+     manufacturer?"
+
+     "No tariff of protection, unless it amounted to prohibition,
+     could counteract this advantage in favor of foreign
+     manufactures. I would to heaven that I could arouse the
+     attention of every manufacturer of the nation to this important
+     subject."
+
+     "What is the reason that, with all these advantages, and with
+     the protective duties which our laws afford to the domestic
+     manufacturer of cotton, we cannot obtain exclusive possession
+     of the home market, and successfully contend for the markets of
+     the world? It is simply because we manufacture at the nominal
+     prices of our inflated currency, and are compelled to sell at
+     the real prices of other nations. REDUCE OUR NOMINAL STANDARD
+     OF PRICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, and you cover our country with
+     blessings and benefits."
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "The comparative LOW PRICES of France and Germany have afforded
+     such a stimulus to their manufactures, that they are now
+     rapidly extending themselves, and would obtain possession, in
+     no small degree, even of the English home market, IF IT WERE
+     NOT FOR THEIR PROTECTING DUTIES. While British manufactures are
+     now languishing, those of the continent are springing into a
+     healthy and vigorous existence."
+
+How will the _Free Trade Democracy_ of the South relish these
+"protecting duties" of an old Federal politician? They are about as
+consistent in their support of the Cincinnati nominee as "Clay Whigs"
+are, when they know that Buchanan was the only man living who had it in
+his power to do Clay justice, in reference to the "bargain and intrigue"
+calumny, and obstinately refused!
+
+
+CLAY AND BUCHANAN.
+
+In 1825, Mr. Buchanan, then a member of the House, entered the room of
+Mr. Clay, who was at the time in company with his only messmate, Hon. R.
+P. Letcher, also a member of the House, and since Governor of Kentucky.
+Buchanan introduced the subject of the approaching Presidential
+election, Letcher witnessing what was said; and after that, when Mr.
+Clay was hotly assailed with the charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption," notified Mr. Buchanan of his intention to publish the
+conversation, but was induced, by the _earnest entreaties of Buchanan_,
+to forbear. And Mr. Clay died with a letter in his possession, from
+Buchanan, which, if published, as it should be, would place Buchanan
+without the pale of Democracy, and disgrace him in the eyes of all
+honorable men. _That_ letter, too, would explain why Gen. Jackson had no
+confidence in him, and was opposed to his taking a seat in Polk's
+cabinet. Let it come!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That it was the vote of James Buchanan
+which, in the Senate, in 1832, secured the passage of the "Black
+Tariff," so offensive to the "Free Trade" Democracy of Tennessee, South
+Carolina, and other Southern States, and which Gov. JONES threw up to
+Col. Polk with so much effect in their race of 1843!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the Cincinnati Platform unblushingly
+affirms that "the Constitution does not confer upon the Federal
+government authority to assume the debts of the several States,
+contracted for local internal improvements, or for other State
+purposes;" while the Democratic members of Congress annually violate
+this principle by voting away hundreds of acres of public lands to the
+States, for purposes of railroads and other improvements.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the same Platform hypocritically
+asserts, that "it is the duty of every branch of our Government to
+enforce and practice the most rigid economy in conducting our public
+affairs;" when the expenditures of Pierce's administration are TWENTY
+MILLIONS PER ANNUM over that of MILLARD FILLMORE!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the 8th of the series in this Platform
+declares, that "the attempt to abridge the privilege of becoming
+citizens and owners of soil amongst us ought to be resisted with the
+same spirit which swept the alien and sedition laws from our statute
+book:" and then the hypocritical builders of the platform turned about
+and nominated James Buchanan, who commenced public life as the advocate
+of the "alien and sedition laws," and sustained, in and out of Congress,
+the Federal party, who passed these laws.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the Cincinnati Platform, which prates
+so loudly about the privilege of becoming "owners of the soil," and
+which rebukes all efforts to amend our naturalization laws as oppressive
+to foreigners, nominated a man for the Presidency who spoke publicly in
+this language: "Above all, we ought to drive from our shores foreign
+influence, which has been in every age the curse of republics!"
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this Cincinnati Platform pledges
+itself to the "Acts known as the Compromise Measures," and then resolves
+"to resist all attempts at renewing, in Congress or out of it, the
+agitation of slavery;" while the second best nags before the Convention
+were Douglass and Pierce, who brought forward the bill repealing the
+Missouri Compromise line, and opening up anew the slavery agitation,
+while Pierce signed the bill and adopted it as an Administration
+measure!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this same Platform asserts, as an
+indispensable article of the Democratic faith, that "the proceeds of the
+public lands ought to be sacredly applied to the national objects
+specified in the Constitution;" and yet a majority of the Democracy, in
+one branch of Congress, unhesitatingly voted for a bill introduced by
+Robert M. T. Hunter, a leader of "the most straitest sect" of Democratic
+Pharisees, which proposed to give away the whole body of the public
+lands to squatters, at the nominal price of ninepence an acre, and at
+five years' credit!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this same platform deprecates a policy
+which legislates for the few at the expense of the many; yet its
+builders nominated a man for the Presidency who has avowed himself on
+the floor of the Senate in favor of reducing the wages of poor white men
+to the Cuban standard of TEN CENTS per day!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this Cincinnati Platform utterly fails
+to come up to that high Southern standard, which the country looked for
+from a party so lavish of promises, and that it has deliberately and
+completely shirked the slavery issue, the only apology for which is
+found in their having nominated an old anti-slavery Federalist.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That JAMES BUCHANAN was opposed to the war
+of 1812, but is in favor of the next war--while a Federalist he was
+conservative in his views, but is now square upon a Filibustering
+Platform--his nomination, an overture to the Sumner Wing of Democracy,
+is the very nomination for the Nullifiers, Fire-eaters, and Disunionists
+of the South--that while we cry North, shout South, every faction is
+united.
+
+
+
+
+THE CINCINNATI VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.
+
+
+_John C. Breckenridge_, of Kentucky, is now the Democratic candidate for
+the Vice Presidency; and in our devotion to the _head_ of the ticket, we
+do not wish to neglect the _tail_. Mr. Breckenridge is a good speaker,
+and is about as good a selection as his party could make. He has not
+been long enough in public life to attain any experience as a statesman,
+nor has he been guilty of any great indiscretion in his short
+Congressional career. He will be unable to carry Kentucky for his party,
+though he has some elements of strength. Standing out in violent
+opposition to his relatives upon the _Know Nothing_ issues, he will be
+acceptable to all Foreigners, and the Catholics in particular! Being on
+the very best of terms with _Cassius M. Clay_, and voting with the
+Emancipationists of Kentucky, he will be rather acceptable to the
+Anti-Slavery men than otherwise! He was a zealous supporter of the bill
+in Congress appropriating a million or two dollars to works of Internal
+Improvement, which was _vetoed_ by Pierce. That bill provided $50,000
+for the improvement of the Kentucky River, to which he urged an
+amendment insisting on $150,000. This will give him strength with the
+Democracy of the North and North-West, who advocated the doctrine of
+Internal Improvements by the General Government!
+
+On May 20th, 1856, the _Charleston Mercury_ came out advising the South
+as to the selection of candidates, which advice, if adhered to, would
+prove ruinous alike to Buchanan and Breckenridge. A brief extract from
+that article is in these words:
+
+     "A man unsound on Slavery, Free Trade, and Internal
+     Improvements, or whose opinions are shrouded in treacherous
+     ambiguity--such a man, be he Black Republican or Democrat, is
+     unworthy of her support. To vote for either, is to give away
+     her influence, to be used against her. It is to stultify
+     principle, and be the instrument of her own undoing."
+
+This doctrine would get very much in the way of such men as _Toombs and
+Stephens_, of Georgia, and other Anti-Internal Improvement Democrats,
+but they can excuse Breckenridge on the ground that he acquiesced in the
+veto of Pierce, and was possibly only trying to make a little capital at
+home, which is common with Democracy. Besides, Mr. Breckenridge being
+raised a _Clay Whig_, and representing the Ashland District as a
+Democrat, should be allowed to pass over the _Jordan_ of Democracy by
+degrees!
+
+His name can be used advantageously in this contest in another respect.
+While Mr. Buchanan was Mr. Clay's most vindictive enemy, traducer, and
+calumniator, Mr. Breckenridge can be held up to the Clay Whigs, as
+having announced to the House of Representatives the death of Mr. Clay,
+in language and sentiments branding Buchanan as a malignant slanderer,
+without mentioning his name, by the character he gave to Clay! Closing
+his eulogy upon Mr. Clay in these words, Mr. Breckenridge evidently
+looked with the eye of prophecy at the slanders of Buchanan, the
+recollection of which would "cluster" around his grave:--
+
+     "Every memorial of such a man will possess a meaning and value
+     to his countrymen. His tomb will be a hallowed spot. Great
+     memories will cluster there, and his countrymen as they visit
+     it may well exclaim:
+
+    "Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines--
+      Shrines to no creed or code confined;
+    The Delphian vales, the Palestines,
+      The Meccas of the mind."
+
+If we mistake not, this young Breckenridge is the nephew of the Rev.
+John Breckenridge, formerly of Baltimore, and pastor of the Presbyterian
+Church. If so, he is the nephew of the Rev. Robert Breckenridge, the
+talented and staunch advocate of the American party. The venerable uncle
+of this young man, whilst pastor of the Church in Baltimore, was a most
+formidable opponent of the Roman Catholic religion, and is the man who
+conducted the debate with Archbishop Hughes, in 1836, which we now have
+before us, in a large volume of 550 pages. Of course _Bishop Hughes_
+will require the young man to repudiate his uncle's views and charges in
+opposition to the Papal religion; and this, we should think, he will do
+for the sake of the Catholic vote in America!
+
+
+
+
+From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.
+
+PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY--ITS LEGITIMATE FRUITS.
+
+
+The following important document we take from the National
+Intelligencer, of January 22, 1851. It was signed and published by
+gentlemen irrespective of parties--FORTY-FOUR Senators and
+Representatives in Congress. It will be a _curiosity_ to those of our
+readers who may have forgotten its well-timed and patriotic pledges. How
+unfortunate it has been for the country, and especially the public
+tranquillity, that the determination and counsels of these men were, in
+an evil hour, departed from, and flagrantly violated by the demagogues
+of the self-styled Democratic party! To the violation of this solemn
+pledge by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise line, and the reöpening
+of the Slavery agitation by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska
+bill, intended to elevate that miserable little demagogue, _Stephen A.
+Douglass_, to the Presidency, we are indebted for all the scenes of
+bloodshed in Kansas, to the angry slavery discussions in Congress, and
+the disgraceful scenes of riot being almost daily enacted there!
+
+Several copies of the following Declaration were circulated in Congress,
+and obtained a number of signatures in both halls; but no other list was
+ever published, that we know of, besides this, which, it will be seen,
+was headed by the illustrious HENRY CLAY:
+
+     "The undersigned, members of the thirty-first Congress of the
+     United States, believing that a renewal of sectional
+     controversy upon the subject of slavery would be both dangerous
+     to the Union and destructive of its objects; and seeing no mode
+     by which such controversy can be avoided, except by a strict
+     adherence to the settlement thereof effected by the Compromise
+     Acts passed at the last session of Congress, do hereby declare
+     their intention to maintain the said settlement inviolate, and
+     to resist all attempts to repeal or alter the acts aforesaid,
+     unless by the general consent of the friends of the measure,
+     and to remedy such evils, if any, as time and experience may
+     develop. And, for the purpose of making this resolution
+     effective, they further declare that they will not support for
+     the office of President, Vice-President, Senator, or
+     Representative in Congress, or as a member of a State
+     Legislature, any man, of whatever party, who is not known to be
+     opposed to the disturbance of the settlement aforesaid, and to
+     the renewal, in any form, of agitation upon the subject of
+     slavery.
+
+     "Henry Clay,
+     C. S. Morehead,
+     Robt. L. Rose,
+     W. C. Dawson,
+     Thos. J. Rusk,
+     Jere. Clemens,
+     James Cooper,
+     Thos. C. Pratt,
+     Wm. M. Gwin,
+     Samuel A. Elliot,
+     David Outlaw,
+     O. H. Williams,
+     J. Philips Phoenix,
+     A. M. Schemerhorn,
+     Jno. R. Thurman,
+     D. A. Bokee,
+     Geo. R. Andrews,
+     W. P. Mangum,
+     Jeremiah Morton,
+     R. I. Bowie,
+     E. C. Cabell,
+     Alex. Evans,
+     Howell Cobb,
+     H. S. Foote,
+     Wm. Duer,
+     Jas. Brooks,
+     A. H. Stephens,
+     R. Toombs,
+     M. P. Gentry,
+     H. W. Hilliard,
+     F. E. McLean,
+     A. G. Watkins,
+     H. A. Bullard,
+     T. S. Haywood,
+     A. H. Shephard,
+     Daniel Breck,
+     Jas. L. Johnson,
+     J. B. Thompson,
+     J. M. Anderson,
+     John B. Kerr,
+     J. P. Caldwell,
+     Ed. Deberry,
+     H. Marshall,
+     Allen F. Owen."
+
+The _rowdyism_ and _treachery_ of Democracy never intended to abide by
+this pledge--and hence their "disturbance of the settlement aforesaid,"
+by opening up anew this villainous "agitation upon the subject of
+slavery." This violation of a solemn pledge has introduced into Kansas
+civil war, caused bloodshed, the shooting down of men in cold blood, and
+overrun that country with contending parties, called "_Friends of
+Freedom_" and "_Border Ruffians_," armed with Sharpe's rifles, Colt's
+revolvers, bowie-knives, and clubs, mixed with Bibles!
+
+All this really affords an illustration of the domineering insolence of
+Democratic Abolitionism--an element in our Federal Government which will
+stop at no extremity of violence, in order to subdue the people of the
+Slave States, and force them into a miserable subservience to its
+fanatical dominion. And it is worthy of note, that the shooting of
+Sheriff Jones and others in Kansas, occurred immediately after the
+arrival of the _New Haven Emigrant Rifle Company_! This, too, calls to
+mind forcibly the very delectable _conversational speechifying_ that
+took place at the New Haven Rifle Meeting, among the pious villains who
+figured most conspicuously. As it is short, we give it entire:
+
+     Rev. Mr. Dutton (pastor of the church.)--One of the deacons of
+     this church, Mr. Harvey Hall, is going out with the company to
+     Kansas, and I, as his pastor, desire to present him a Bible and
+     a Sharpe's rifle. (Great applause.)
+
+     E. P. Pie.--I will give one.
+
+     Stephen D. Purdee.--I will give one for myself, and also
+     another one for my wife.
+
+     Mr. Beecher.--I like to see that--it is a bold stroke both
+     right and left. (Great laughter.)
+
+     Charles Ives.--Put me down for three.
+
+     Thomas R. Trowbridge.--Put me down for four. (Continued
+     laughter.) Dr. J. I. Howe.--I will subscribe for one.
+
+     A gentleman said that Miss Mary Dutton would give one.
+
+     Dr. Stephen G. Hubbard.--One.
+
+     Mr. Beecher here stated that if twenty-five could be raised on
+     the spot, he would pledge twenty-five more from the church at
+     Plymouth--fifty being a sufficient number for the whole supply.
+     (Clapping of hands all over the house.)
+
+     Prof. Silliman now left Mr. Beecher to speak for the bid, and
+     sat down to enjoy the occasion.
+
+     Mr. Killem.--I give one.
+
+     Mr. Beecher.--_Killem_--that's a significant name in connection
+     with a good Sharpe's rifle. (Laughter.)
+
+After this, this clerical vagabond, Beecher, blessed the weapons, and
+encouraged the party to go forth and "do or die" in the sublime "cause
+of nigger freedom!" In all human probability, sweet Mary Dutton's rifle
+may have sped the ball that pierced the side of Sheriff Jones, the
+officer of the law, while in the honest discharge of a sworn duty!
+Subsequent murders, where pro-slavery men were shot down with these
+rifles, we attribute to the _omen_ that Beecher found in his name
+"_Killem_"--it is a significant name in connection with Sharpe's rifle.
+The real assassins shoot down their men, and with their _rifles_ and
+_Bibles_ flee; but _she_ who unfrocked herself by furnishing a rifle,
+and _he_ who gave and blessed the weapon of death, are here to accept
+the thanks of their admirers and partisans. Let sweet Mary and her
+_beloved_ pastor be crowned with wreaths of deadly night-shade, and
+consigned to one cell in Sing Sing prison!
+
+But the success of Ruffianism in Kansas, in the hands of those vile
+Abolition Democrats, has emboldened members of the same party to
+introduce it in the Federal Capital. But the other day, MR. SUMNER, of
+Massachusetts, made, in his place in the U. S. Senate, one of the most
+incendiary and inflammatory speeches ever uttered on the floor of either
+House of Congress! The vocabulary of Billingsgate was exhausted in
+denouncing all who dared to justify the institution of slavery--using,
+over and over again, such terms as "hireling, picked from the drunken
+spew of an uneasy civilization in the form of men," &c. The language
+made use of was disgraceful to the vile Abolitionist himself, and to the
+Senate, of which he never ought to have been a member. There was no
+limit to the personal abuse in which the villainous Senator indulged, no
+restraint to the vile epithets coined in his insane head; and the very
+natural consequence was, a personal chastisement of Mr. Sumner, in the
+Senate chamber, by Mr. Brooks, a Representative from South Carolina, and
+a relative of Judge Butler, the gentleman abused in his absence, which,
+for its severity, never was equalled in Washington. Mr. Sumner was the
+aggressor, because he poured out the vials of his wrath upon not only
+Judge Butler, a distinguished Senator, but upon the whole State of South
+Carolina.
+
+We do not justify the selection of a _time_ and _place_ by _Mr. Brooks_,
+for punishing this Massachusetts Abolitionist; but we should despise the
+son of South Carolina who could hear his native State arraigned in such
+temper and language, without feeling intensely, and _manifesting_ that
+feeling at a proper time and place. Indeed, it would be strange if a
+South Carolinian did not resent the arrogant, insulting, and
+contemptuous tone which Mr. Sumner saw fit to indulge in towards South
+Carolina in general, and her Senator in particular! We know Judge
+Butler--we have seen him on the Bench, in the discharge of the duties of
+a Circuit-Judge--we have seen and heard him in the Senate Chamber, where
+he has served for years, with credit to himself and honor to his State.
+He is an accomplished man, and a most amiable and honorable gentleman.
+His character is unblemished; he stands deservedly high; he is a
+gentleman of urbane and courteous demeanor, and is beloved, esteemed,
+and respected, by all _gentlemen_ who know him or associate with him.
+Besides, he is an old man, gray-haired, and palsied; and, whether
+present or absent, deserved to be treated as a gentleman.
+
+Northern men may not expect to vilify the South in this way, without
+having to atone for it. Men who profess to belong to the peace party,
+ought not to employ language that will provoke a fight, and then shield
+themselves behind their non-resistant defences. They voluntarily put
+themselves upon the platform of _resistance_--they pass insults, and
+they must submit to the consequences. We have just finished the perusal
+of a case in Æsop's Fables, exactly in point. It is the case of a
+_trumpeter_ taken prisoner in battle. He claimed exemption from the
+common fate of prisoners of war, in ancient times, on the ground that he
+carried no weapons, and was, in fact, a non-combatant, belonging to the
+peace party! "Non-combatant, the Devil!" exclaimed the opposing party,
+pointing to his trumpet, as preparations were being made to put him to
+death, "Why, Sir, you hold in your hands the very instrument which
+incites our foes to tenfold furies against us!"
+
+But this fight between the parties has to come, and it should begin at
+Washington, and if not in the halls of Congress, at least in the
+_streets_ of the Federal city. Let the battle be fought there, and not
+in _Kansas_, and let it fall upon the villainous agitators of the
+Slavery question, and the _Democratic_ disturbers of the Compromises of
+the Constitution. Let it come _now_, that it may be fought out and
+settled, and not left to _posterity_, to curse and crush the rising
+generation!
+
+Mr. Brooks is a Democrat, and an anti-Know Nothing. Mr. Sumner is a
+Democrat--was elected by the votes of the Democrats, over that noble and
+dignified Whig, Mr. Winthrop, and his election was hailed throughout the
+Union as a Democratic triumph!
+
+Massachusetts, irrespective of parties, seems to have taken great
+offence at this occurrence, and to have held indignation meetings, and
+was to have had _Legislative_ action upon the subject. We tell
+Massachusetts that she is alone to blame, for sending such a man to the
+United States Senate. There was a great debate in the Senate twenty-five
+years ago, in which Daniel Webster and Gov. Hayne met each other and
+grappled like giants, as they were. The State of South Carolina, in that
+day, though represented by an able, patriotic, and great man, came off
+_second best_. The Senator from Massachusetts, of that day, was an able
+statesman, a Constitutional lawyer of unsurpassed abilities, and,
+withal, a cautious gentleman, and rose above the low blackguardism of a
+Sumner and a Wilson. When _taunted_ by the Senator from South Carolina
+with _Federalism_, and opposition to some of the features of the War of
+1812, the great Webster presented Massachusetts before the Senate and
+the Union, in such a manner that men of all sections bowed down and
+worshipped her. Standing erect with the flash of his eagle eye, he
+exclaimed, "There is Boston, and Concord, and Lexington, and Bunker
+Hill"--let them testify to the loyalty of Massachusetts to this glorious
+Union! Not only did Mr. Webster come out of that controversy with South
+Carolina with the admiration of every man in the country, but with the
+respect and admiration of Calhoun, Hayne, McDuffie, and all the
+high-toned statesmen of the South. And why? Because he was not a Sumner,
+a Wilson, or an _Abolition Blackguard_. Times have changed--a different
+man takes the place of a Webster, with only the memory of an insulting
+speech and a broken head! Let Massachusetts send men to the United
+States Senate who can and will demean themselves like gentlemen, and
+gentlemen from the South will appreciate them, while they differ
+honestly with them on great questions.
+
+What wonderful _progress_ Democracy is making in the country! _First_,
+Democracy quarrelled and jowered over the election of a Speaker two
+months, and finally, by the introduction of the _Plurality Rule_, caused
+Banks, a Black Republican, to be elected. And as if determined to atone
+for this wear of time and money, they have brought about a series of
+fights, which, before they are disposed of, will cost the government
+half a million of dollars!
+
+_First_ then, William Smith, an ex-Governor of the State of Virginia,
+and member of the House of Representatives, assailed and beat the editor
+of the _Evening Star_, in December last, in the street.
+
+_Second_, Albert Rusk, a member of the House of Representatives from
+Arkansas, assailed and beat the editor of the New York _Tribune_ in the
+grounds of the capitol, immediately after leaving the House of
+Representatives.
+
+_Third_, Philip T. Herbert, of Alabama, a member of Congress from
+California, shot down and killed an Irish Catholic waiter at Willard's,
+and is now under bonds to appear before the Court and await his trial
+for such crime as they may adjudge him to have committed.
+
+_Fourth_, Preston S. Brooks, a member of the House of Representatives
+from South Carolina, assails and beats unmercifully a Senator from
+Massachusetts, when occupying his seat in the Senate of the United
+States.
+
+_Fifth_, Mr. Bright knocked down the doorkeeper, for an inconsiderable
+offence. Here, then, we have five breaches of the peace in five months,
+by Democrats upon Democrats, although the "Boston Pilot," a Catholic
+organ, falsely charges that some of the parties making these assaults
+are "Know Nothings." We congratulate the Democratic party upon the
+progress of its leading members! They are sinking by swift descent into
+barbarism, and bringing the country to ruin. And in keeping with all
+this, they have tried to nominate for the Vice-Presidency a man who
+openly proposed in Congress the repeal of our neutrality laws, so as to
+bring a general fight!
+
+It will not do to say that _Sumner_ is not of the Democratic party,
+because he is a regular-built Free-Soiler and Black Republican: the
+Washington _Union_ settled this point in 1852, when it uttered these
+memorable words:
+
+     "The Free-soil Democratic leaders of the North are a regular
+     portion of the Democratic party, and General Pierce, if
+     elected, will make no distinction between them and the rest of
+     the Democracy in the distribution of official patronage, and in
+     the selection of agents for administering the government."
+
+The rules of the Senate forbid personalities in debate, and it was the
+sworn duty of its Locofoco President, Mr. Bright, to have called Mr.
+Sumner to order for his abuse of Judge Butler. But as far back as thirty
+years ago, under the auspices of JOHN C. CALHOUN as presiding officer, a
+decision was made to the effect that the presiding officer of the Senate
+was neither bound nor had he the power to call Senators to order! That
+power, according to his decision, belonged wholly to the Senate
+itself----thus delivering over the minority of that body to "the tender
+mercies" of the majority! The object of Mr. CALHOUN at the time was to
+play into the hands of a combination which had been formed to break down
+the Administration of John Quincy Adams, and to cripple Henry Clay. The
+instrument used was the sarcastic, irritating, and personal rhetoric of
+John Randolph, then a member of the Senate. To this end, Randolph was
+suffered to deliver in the Senate a long succession of tirades,
+disgraceful to the Senate, abusive of New England and of Henry Clay.
+Here is a specimen of Randolph's abuse, which led to a duel between him
+and Mr. Clay:
+
+     "This man, (mankind, I crave pardon,) this worm, (little
+     animals, forgive the insult,) was raised to a higher life than
+     he was born to, for he was raised to the society of
+     blackguards. Some fortune--kind to him, cruel to us--has tossed
+     him to the Secretaryship of State. Contempt has the property of
+     descending, but stops far short of him. She would die before
+     she would reach him: he dwells below her fall. I would hate
+     him, if I did not despise him. It is not WHAT he is, but WHERE
+     he is, that puts my thoughts into action. The alphabet which
+     writes the name of Thersites, blackguard, squalidity, refuses
+     her letters for him. That mind which thinks on what it cannot
+     express, can scarcely think on him. An hyperbole for MEANNESS
+     would be an ellipsis for CLAY."
+
+This was pleasing to Mr. Calhoun and the dominant party in the Senate,
+and his decision which tolerated it never was questioned by any
+authoritative precedent, until MILLARD FILLMORE was elected
+Vice-President. With characteristic independence, he determined that a
+precedent so unreasonable and absurd should not be binding on him as the
+presiding officer of the Senate. He therefore, on assuming the duties of
+his office, delivered an address to the Senate, in which he informed
+that body that he considered it his sworn duty to preserve decorum, and
+would _reverse_ the rule which had so long prevailed, that Senators were
+not to be called to order for words spoken in debate! The Senate ordered
+this address to be entered at large on their journals, as an evidence of
+their endorsement of its doctrines; and there it is now, recorded
+evidence of the patriotism, high sense of decorum, and senatorial
+dignity of that great and good man, MILLARD FILLMORE.
+
+
+
+
+STRENGTH OF PARTIES IN TENNESSEE.
+
+OFFICIAL VOTES OF THE STATE.
+
+
+The following tables exhibit the official vote of Tennessee for
+President in 1852, for Governor in 1853, and for Governor in 1855, as
+compared at the capital of the State, and will be valuable as a table
+for reference. In the last contest, when the _Know Nothing issues_ were
+fully made, causing all the _latent blackguardism in the Democratic
+ranks to be fully developed_, it will be seen that _Andrew Johnson_
+received 67,499 votes, and _Meredith P. Gentry_ 65,342, leaving Johnson
+a majority of 2,157, a falling off of 104 votes from his majority over
+_Maj. Henry_ two years before that. It will also be perceived that the
+vote of the State at this last election is an increase of 8,260 over the
+vote two years previous. Of this increase, _Col. Gentry_ gets 4,182, his
+vote exceeding _Maj. Henry's_ by that much, while Johnson's increase
+upon his own vote two years previous was 4,078.
+
+It is a moderate calculation to say that Johnson received at least two
+thousand _foreign and illegal votes_; while we are within bounds when we
+say that at least 5,000 old-line Whigs refused to vote for _Col.
+Gentry_--demonstrating beyond all doubt that a majority of the legal
+voters of the State were opposed to Johnson and his party.
+
+In the contest now being waged, _Fillmore and Donelson_ will carry the
+State by a majority ranging from _three_ to _five_ thousand votes,
+despite the low Billingsgate slang and vile blackguardism that may be
+heaped upon them and their supporters. And as this calculation is made
+in _June_, five months in advance of the election, we must ask those
+into whose hands this work shall fall without the limits of Tennessee,
+to bear it in mind, and when they get the returns in November, to give
+us credit for our sagacity or our want of sagacity!
+
+The contest will be fierce and bitter, exceeding any former political
+battle witnessed in the State. If the orators and editors of the
+self-styled Democratic party have not greatly reformed in the space of
+one year, but little argument will be adduced, but little gentlemanly
+courtesy manifested; and instead of facts, figures and arguments, bitter
+invective, low blackguardism, and Billingsgate abuse of secret
+organizations, dark lanterns, and Protestant clergymen, will be the
+order of the day. In this _congenial_ work, all the conglomeration of
+ignorant men, foreign paupers, and fag-ends and factions, styling
+themselves _Democrats_, will engage!
+
+But to the official vote of the State:
+
+_Popular Vote of Tennessee--Official._
+
+                           EAST TENNESSEE.
+
+                      1852.              1853.                1855.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Anderson          602     267        648     379          772     333
+Bledsoe           464     209        469     303          404     361
+Blount            827     566       1146     734         1069     789
+Bradley           547     778        562    1085          644    1021
+Campbell          313     251        356     445          507     383
+Carter            585     139        721     294          768     238
+Claiborne         503     519        620     707          756     744
+Cooke             743     196        867     383          929     422
+Grainger          852     477        998     767         1327     621
+Greene            780    1301        902    1915          989    1985
+Hawkins           778     831        805    1180          887    1158
+Hamilton          774     648        786     972          966    1044
+Hancock           241     336        221     532          264     589
+Jefferson        1168     307       1396     639         1697     444
+Johnson           365      93        392     184          400     215
+Knox             1863     565       2279     770         2560     695
+McMinn            796     866        799     965          909     953
+Meigs             141     442        118     561           97     588
+Marion            453     292        476     357          554     468
+Monroe            805     847        739     900          851    1005
+Morgan            240     222        229     260          219     358
+Polk              272     470        249     527          385     676
+Rhea              300     307        270     358          298     415
+Roane             820     678        912     755         1002     769
+Sevier            621      80        824     133          964     120
+Scott             199     127        186     182          121     259
+Sullivan          260    1114        361    1407          601    1403
+Washington        565     853        967    1069          847    1338
+                                  ------  ------       ------  ------
+                                  19,298  18,763       21,787  19,394
+
+MIDDLE TENNESSEE.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Bedford          1390    1356       1359    1257        1630     1293
+Cannon            453     727        445     803         458      859
+Coffee            205     722        274     824         294      880
+Davidson         2617    2058       2597    1963        3132     1783
+De Kalb           559     588        632     610         560      738
+Dickson           323     607        357     743         388      745
+Fentress          153     411        166     504         129      616
+Franklin          330    1133        356    1224         394     1302
+Giles            1303    1447       1301    1468        1312     1439
+Grundy             44     327         58     374          22      425
+Hardin            643     808        671     827         745      775
+Hickman           241     839        263     812         223     1053
+Humphreys         263     471        341     501         354      543
+Jackson          1170     803       1154     995        1122     1131
+Lawrence          547     583        523     731         524      845
+Lewis              43     186         66     182          34      243
+Lincoln           606    2297        617    2322         402     2521
+Maury            1324    1799       1238    1731        1444     1793
+Montgomery       1260     993       1309    1004        1502      881
+Marshall          666    1340        671    1282         678     1310
+Macon             617     374        553     341         540      424
+Overton           345    1039        431    1282         290     1528
+Robertson        1013     769       1183     763        1256      804
+Rutherford       1495    1313       1407    1243        1435     1288
+Smith            1742     520       1735     546        1572      644
+Stewart           533     725        479     718         563      785
+Sumner            825    1563        806    1425         780     1740
+Van Buren         107     165        110     205          90      228
+Warren            344     922        402    1093         393     1153
+Wayne             666     380        709     430         687      535
+White             949     518        974     634         978      694
+Williamson       1583     763       1502     710        1621      688
+Wilson           2248     923       2241     995        2290      937
+                                  ------  ------      ------   ------
+                                  26,930  30,550      27,842   32,623
+
+
+WEST TENNESSEE.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Benton            340     485        393     465         475      453
+Carroll          1498     649       1469     663        1567      694
+Decatur           400     315        408     285         353      429
+Dyer              508     411        476     373         442      483
+Fayette          1006    1034       1011    1006        1151      940
+Gibson           1570     901       1514    1024        1618     1213
+Hardeman          717    1024        651    1025         619     1123
+Henderson        1193     511       1301     593        1230      734
+Henry             899    1516        891    1496         871     1738
+Haywood           790     732        726     785         803      762
+Lauderdale        330     277        319     252         354      297
+McNairy           921     872       1016     984         915     1059
+Madison          1426     819       1261     795        1448      788
+Obion             431     644        547     792         407      865
+Perry             325     314        387     329         320      450
+Shelby           1824    1628       1545    1435        1831     1477
+Tipton            357     565        284     527         424      566
+Weakley           783    1149        733    1279         885     1411
+               ------  ------     ------  ------      ------   ------
+               58,802  57,123     14,932  14,108      15,713   15,482
+               57,123
+               ------
+Scott's
+ majority,      1,679
+
+
+    East Tennessee,               19,298  18,763      21,787   19,394
+    Middle Tennessee,             26,930  30,550      27,842   32,623
+                                  ------  ------      ------   ------
+                                  61,160  63,421      65,342   67,499
+                                          61,160               65,342
+                                          ------               ------
+          Johnson's majority               2,261                2,157
+
+
+_Fillmore and Donelson Electoral Ticket._
+
+As a matter of reference, and that none may mistake the American Ticket
+on the day of the election, we give it as agreed upon and matured by our
+party:
+
+FOR THE STATE.
+
+HON. NEILL S. BROWN, of Davidson.
+HORACE MAYNARD, of Knox.
+
+FOR THE DISTRICTS.
+
+1st District--N. G. TAYLOR, of Carter.
+2d     "      MOSES WHITE, of Knox.
+3d     "      REESE B. BRABSON, of Hamilton.
+4th    "      W. P. HICKERSON, of Coffee.
+5th    "      ROBERT HATTON, of Wilson.
+6th    "      W. H. WISENER, of Bedford.
+7th    "      C. C. CROWE, of Giles.
+8th    "      J. M. QUARLES, of Montgomery.
+9th    "      ISAAC R. HAWKINS, of Carroll.
+10th   "      JOSEPH R. MOSBY, of Fayette.
+
+This is an able ticket, and greatly superior to the opposing ticket, as
+our readers will bear us witness when they hear the parties in debate.
+Most of these gentlemen have consented to serve on the ticket at great
+personal sacrifices; and like their chief, Mr. FILLMORE, they have
+undertaken to serve their party and country "without waiting to inquire
+of its prospects of success or defeat." And all the reward they seek is
+to be able to conduct the struggle to a victorious consummation in
+Tennessee, and this we feel confident they will do. The battle in
+Tennessee will be hotly contested, but it is by no means doubtful.
+Tennessee for the last twenty years, and in five preceding presidential
+contests, has refused to range herself under the black banner of
+Locofocoism; and now that that banner is doubly infamous by being raised
+and cheered by Catholics, foreigners, and paupers of every clime, it is
+fair to presume she will spurn the flag!
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK REPUBLICAN NOMINEES.
+
+
+The Black Republican Party, in their recent Convention at Philadelphia,
+have nominated JOHN CHARLES FREMONT, of California, for the Presidency,
+and Ex-Senator WILLIAM L. DAYTON, of New Jersey, for the Vice
+Presidency!
+
+This man Fremont is no statesman--has no experience in political
+life--has not the first qualification for this eminent and responsible
+station--and his nomination has not been made upon any plausible pretext
+whatever. He is an Engineer by profession--once penetrated with his
+companions to the Pacific coast, across the Rocky Mountains--is the
+son-in-law of _Tom Benton_--is a Free Trade Locofoco, and an avowed Free
+Soiler.
+
+The following letter addressed by Fremont to the great Tabernacle
+Abolition meeting in New York, last spring, is full and explicit, and
+defines his position on the slavery question:
+
+                                    "NEW YORK, April 29, 1856.
+
+     "GENTLEMEN: I have to thank you for the honor of an invitation
+     to a meeting this evening at the Broadway Tabernacle, and
+     regret that other engagements have interfered to prevent my
+     being present.
+
+     "I heartily concur in all movements which have for their object
+     'to repair the mischiefs arising from the violation of good
+     faith in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise.' I am opposed
+     to slavery in the abstract and upon principle, sustained and
+     made habitual by long-settled convictions.
+
+     "While I feel inflexible in the belief that it ought not to be
+     interfered with where it exists under the shield of State
+     sovereignty, I am as inflexibly opposed to its extension on
+     this continent beyond its present limits.
+
+     "With the assurance of regard for yourselves,
+
+                                     "I am very respectfully yours,
+
+                                         "J. C. FREMONT."
+
+     "Messrs. J. D. Morgan and others."
+
+In addition to this, Fremont is the representative of _aggression_: he
+is a _Filibuster_, and the exponent of a civilization above all
+constitutions, and all laws. The fact that Seward, Chase, Giddings, and
+such men--able anti-slavery men, and experienced politicians, were
+passed over, is proof that they were not governed by _principle_, but
+seek to shift the issue, and to make it personal and sectional. Take
+into the account, moreover, the fact that Dayton, a man of moderate
+talents, is a sort of _Protective Tariff Locofoco_, the advocate of
+Foreign Pauper labor, and the largest liberty for _Catholics_, and it
+gives to the ticket a considerable degree of interest.
+
+The leading men in the Convention were reckless and unprincipled
+demagogues, of the Locofoco school of politics, including the British
+Free Trade policy, Filibusterism, etc., whose only aim is place and
+plunder. Their Free-soil principles, outside of their radical purposes,
+are scarcely skin deep!
+
+By many well-informed men, no doubts are entertained now, that the
+nomination of Fremont and Dayton has been the result of an intrigue
+between Seward and Archbishop Hughes; and from a resolution of their
+platform, as reported by the Committee on Resolutions, we attach credit
+to this inference. It will bring the Buchanan party at the North to
+terms, as they are likely to be the only sufferers from this ticket. It
+will be managed in future alone with an eye to the _aid_ of Buchanan!
+
+We take the following notice of Fremont from the Charleston (S. C.)
+Standard, and consider it every way reliable:
+
+     "Mr. Fremont will be destined to play a distinguished part in
+     the drama, and his history and character therefore will,
+     doubtless, become subjects of considerable importance. He is
+     generally regarded as a native of Charleston, but of this we
+     have occasion to doubt. Many gentlemen here, who knew him in
+     early life, concur in saying that he was born in Savannah. Up
+     to within a short time prior to his birth, his mother was a
+     resident of Norfolk, in Virginia, and it is generally asserted
+     that his parents resided in Savannah before they became settled
+     in Charleston; however this may have been, it is at least
+     conceded that he first came into notice in this city. His
+     prospects here were not particularly promising, but he
+     attracted the attention of some philanthropic gentlemen, who
+     provided the means for his entrance and instruction in the
+     Charleston College. His progress there was not remarkable, and
+     when his class graduated he was not considered entitled to a
+     diploma. He was afterwards recommended as a proper person to
+     take charge of the night-school of the Apprentices' Library
+     Association; but, though his attainments were sufficient, and
+     his address particularly acceptable to the Directors of that
+     Institution, he was not as attentive as he might have been, and
+     the school fell through. He afterwards procured, through Mr.
+     Poinsett, a situation as instructor of junior officers on board
+     a vessel of war bound to the Pacific, and in this condition is
+     said to have acquitted himself well. He afterwards acquired
+     some knowledge of civil engineering, and filling unimportant
+     positions in connection with one and another public work, was
+     at length brought to notice and distinction by his connection
+     with Mr. Nicholet in his Survey of the Mississippi Valley, and
+     from that marched steadily on to the Rocky Mountains, and a
+     renown that has placed his name before the country.
+
+     "From the records of his early life, it would seem that he had
+     talent, and was quite addicted to naval reading, but was
+     wayward, and if not indolent, was inefficient in the tasks
+     undertaken at the instance of other people, and up to the time
+     of his entrance upon his duties as instructor in the naval
+     school, had hardly made up his mind whether he would be a man
+     of character or a blackguard. He was fond of dress, however,
+     and the records of the court still show that he wore a suit of
+     clothes which he was afterwards compelled to declare on oath
+     his inability to pay for, in order to avoid inconvenient
+     restrictions upon his personal liberty; but chance gave a
+     proper direction to his abilities; he had the latent energy of
+     character to act up to his opportunities, and he has really
+     presented a career which any one might regard with
+     satisfaction. It is certainly to be regretted that he should
+     lend himself to the uses of a party so reckless and subversive,
+     not only of the Union but of the rights of that section to
+     which, if capable of sentiments of patriotism, he might be
+     supposed to feel attachment; but the prospect of the Presidency
+     would be a sore trial to the probity of most men, and we find
+     nothing in the antecedents of Mr. Fremont to cause a feeling of
+     disappointment that he should yield to the allurements of
+     power.
+
+     "He is commended for his attentions to his mother, and they
+     were certainly exemplary. She was poor, and after he determined
+     to behave himself and work like a man, he made her as entirely
+     comfortable as there was the reason to believe his
+     circumstances permitted."
+
+POSTSCRIPT.--Mr. Fremont turns out to be a Roman Catholic, and to have
+been raised one, and this explains the readiness of Bishop Hughes to
+abandon Buchanan, and go over to Fremont. It also explains why it is
+that so many _German Catholic papers_ are coming out for Fremont, in the
+large cities, and in the North-Western States.
+
+In 1850, Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, for the space
+of about three months, and during that time sought to introduce a
+Catholic Priest to open their services with prayers, and was successful
+to some extent. He also attended service at the Catholic Church. The
+_Washington Star_, of the 19th June, 1856, gives the following
+exposition of facts, in reference to Fremont and his religion:
+
+     "A SORT OF A CATHOLIC.--We take it for granted that among the
+     informal pledges extracted by delegations in George Law's
+     Convention, from Col. Fremont, there was not one against the
+     Catholic Church; insomuch as, up to the recent birth of his
+     aspirations for the Presidency, he always passed in Washington
+     for a good enough outside Roman Catholic; that being the Church
+     in which he was reared. He was married in this city, it will be
+     remembered, by Father Van Horseigh, a clergyman of his
+     Church--not of that of his wife's family."
+
+The Republicans sought to incorporate into their platform a plank in
+opposition to the _Religious Proscription_ of the American party, so as
+to suit the taste of Romanists generally; but Thaddeus Stevens, who
+knows Pennsylvania as well as any man living, implored them not to do
+so, and stated that such a course, with Fremont as their nominee, would
+lose them Pennsylvania by 50,000 votes!
+
+It turns out, however, that Fremont, as the anti-American,
+anti-Protestant candidate, with Mr. Dayton on the ticket, equally
+anti-American, and devoted to Romanism, will sweep the Catholic vote in
+the United States. Catholics may favor Buchanan in such Southern States
+as do not run a Fremont ticket, but in all the Northern and
+North-Western States, the Fremont ticket will ruin the Buchanan ticket.
+
+This question, taken in connection with the Slavery issue, and the
+Filibustering issue, narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore
+and Fremont. Buchanan is defeated, and the Southern fire-eaters see and
+feel it! The _Atlanta_ (Ga.) _Intelligencer_ comes out and states, that
+if Buchanan can't be elected, it prefers Fremont to Fillmore! And the
+South Carolina and Mississippi Disunionists openly avow, that they wish
+this to be the last contest of the kind. They are for Buchanan or
+Fremont, over Fillmore, because they believe the election of either will
+have the glorious effect to bring about a dissolution of the Union! In
+the same breath they admit that Fillmore will labor to perpetuate the
+Union, and that his election will have the effect to prolong its
+existence a few brief years!
+
+Southern men, and Northern men, Union men, and national, conservative
+men, of all parties, can now see _where_ we are driving to, and _who_
+they should support for the Presidency. Let them guard against these
+demons of Popery--these incarnate fiends of the Free Soil faith--these
+fanatics of a sectional cast--these slimy vultures of Secession--these
+bogus Democrats--and these infinitely infernal traitors to the
+Constitution and the Union!
+
+     "Col. Fremont was educated in and graduated from St. Mary's
+     College, in Baltimore, a Roman Catholic Institution. He was
+     brought up in the Catholic Faith, and is a Catholic. He married
+     a daughter of Col. Benton. Miss Benton was a Presbyterian. They
+     were married by a clergyman of that denomination; but a
+     Catholic priest made a fuss about it as being null, void, and
+     heretical, and the ceremony was re-performed by him!"--_Auburn
+     American._
+
+The _American_ might have added, that Fremont is the son of a _Catholic
+Frenchman_, the son of a _Catholic mother_, and was reared under
+Catholic influence. Nay, Fremont educates his children at the Roman
+Catholic Institution at Georgetown, in the District of Columbia! The
+placing of such a candidate before the public, seems especially designed
+to defy public sentiment, and mock the Protestant American feeling of
+the country! We had expected the Catholics, with Bishop Hughes at their
+head, in a few years more, to come out openly, and run a Catholic for
+the Presidency, but we had not supposed them bold enough to attempt it
+in 1856. To show beyond all doubt that the nomination of Fremont was the
+result of a coalition between Seward and Hughes, more in reference to
+the _Catholic question_ than the _Slavery issue_, we present the record
+of Fremont in the United States Senate--his _ultra-Pro-Slavery
+course_--his voting against justice to the Colonization Society, and
+_seven hundred and fifty_ captured slaves--his opposition to the
+abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia!
+
+
+HE IS EXTREME SOUTHERN AND PRO-SLAVERY.
+
+John C. Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, in 1850, for
+the space of a few months. During that time he made no speeches; indeed,
+he has scarcely ever been known to utter any sentiments, or sanction any
+opinions. Yet his votes, as a member of the Senate, did make for him a
+record; and it is this record that will stare him in the face as long as
+he lives--a record in direct conflict with his present professions and
+position before the country:
+
+     LOOK AT IT!--JOHN C. FREMONT'S STATESMANSHIP.
+
+     [From the Congressional Globe--Vol. 21, part 2d, p. 1803, etc.]
+
+                        "IN SENATE OF UNITED STATES, Sept. 11, 1850.
+
+     "Mr. Underwood, of Kentucky, called up the bill for the relief
+     of the American Colonization Society. The slaves that were
+     recaptured on the barque Pons were turned over to the
+     Colonization Society, by the authority of the United States,
+     sent to Liberia, and there kept at the expense of the society
+     for one or two years. Most of them were children of twelve,
+     fifteen, and sixteen years of age. The society thinks that the
+     expense of feeding, clothing, and educating these people, which
+     was thus devolved on them by the action of the Government,
+     ought to be repaid them. It was certainly an expense incurred
+     by the society, through the action of the Government in
+     throwing these young negroes upon them for maintenance, instead
+     of taking them, as the Government was bound to do by law, and
+     providing for them. That is the nature of the claim. They
+     simply ask that so much shall be paid them as the society, from
+     its own experience, pays in reference to its own emigrants. The
+     claim was reported upon favorably two years ago. A similar
+     report has again been made; and as the necessities of the
+     society require that they should have the money, I hope, said
+     Mr. U., the Senate will consent to take up the bill. The Senate
+     agreed to take up the bill, and proceeded to consider it as in
+     Committee of the Whole.
+
+     "Mr. Turney asked for the reading of the report of the
+     Committee.
+
+     "The Secretary read the report accordingly. It sets forth that
+     a liberal construction of the act of Congress of March 3d,
+     1819, would require that the Government should provide for the
+     support of these recaptured Africans, for a reasonable time
+     after they had been landed in Liberia, and that it is beneath
+     the dignity of the Government to devolve this duty upon the
+     society. The petition of the executive committee of the society
+     which the Committee incorporated in their report, states that
+     on the 16th of December, 1845, the United States Ship Yorktown,
+     Commodore Bell, landed at Monrovia, in Liberia, from the slaver
+     Pons, seven hundred and fifty recaptured Africans, in a naked,
+     starving, and dying condition, all of them excepting twenty-one
+     being under the age of twenty-one. The United States made no
+     provision for their support after they were landed....
+
+     "The services of providing for the destitute negroes were not
+     required to be performed by the society under their
+     constitution, but the alternative was to leave these recaptured
+     Africans to starve and die, and the society therefore
+     cheerfully took charge of them, relying upon the Government of
+     the United States to refund the cost to them."
+
+The question was discussed at length as to whether the United States
+would pay these just and legal demands; and on the vote being taken for
+the engrossment of the bill to a third reading, Mr. Fremont's name is
+found recorded in the negative--as follows:
+
+     "YEAS--Messrs. Badger, Baldwin, Bell, Chase, Clayton, Davis of
+     Mass., DAYTON, Dodge of Wis., Dodge of Iowa, Douglass, Ewing,
+     Felch, Greene, Hale, Hamlin, Jones, Mangum, Pearce, Pratt,
+     Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon, Underwood, Wales,
+     Walker, Whitcomb, and Winthrop--29.
+
+     "NAYS--Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Benton, Butler, Dawson,
+     Dickinson, Downs, FREMONT, Hunter, King, Mason, Rusk,
+     Sebastian, Soule, Turner, and Yulee--16."
+
+LOOK AGAIN!--On the 18th day of September, 1850, the bill to prevent
+persons from enticing away slaves from the District of Columbia was
+under consideration, and John P. Hale "moved that it be committed to the
+Committee on the District of Columbia, with instructions _to so amend it
+as to_ ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA." On the vote being
+taken, FREMONT'S name was recorded in the NEGATIVE. (See Cong. Globe,
+31st Congress, part 2, p. 1859.)
+
+Such is Mr. Fremont's _record of Statesmanship_. It shows his nomination
+by the "_Republicans_" to have been a hollow mockery--"a dishonest
+farce,"--an insult to the intelligence of the American people.
+
+We shall hereafter pursue the record of this "remarkable man."
+
+Bishop Hughes and Wm. H. Seward have been, for years, intimate personal
+and political friends. It is a part of the political history of New
+York, that Seward is alone indebted to Hughes for his reelection to the
+United States Senate. They are both now united in the support of
+Fremont, and they procured his nomination over Judge McLean, a pure and
+patriotic man--for many years a _Methodist Class-Leader_, and an officer
+of a _Protestant Bible Society_.
+
+The coalition between Hughes, Seward and Fremont, is complete, and the
+evidence of the foul coalition and conspiracy will appear in full, in a
+few days, but not in time for us to get it into this work. We are right
+glad of it, as it narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore and
+Fremont, and especially at the North.
+
+In some of the Northern States, it is now conclusive that a _Buchanan_
+ticket will not be run, while in every Northern State where such a
+ticket is run, it will be with no hope of success! Hughes and Seward
+will induce several States to drop Buchanan, and unite on Fremont, by
+_bargaining_ with them, and obligating themselves to give the Democracy
+half of the spoils. Already several _Southern_ Democratic papers are
+saying, that if they can't elect Buchanan, they prefer Fremont to
+Fillmore! This ought to open the eyes of all true patriots.
+
+
+
+
+OLD LINE WHIGS, AND THE MOTIVES GOVERNING SOME OF THEM!
+
+
+In this free country of ours, gentlemen have a right to support any
+Presidential or other ticket they may choose to support; and where they
+are governed by pure motives in differing from a majority of their
+neighbors and old political associates, no one has a right to complain.
+
+Some few gentlemen, known as "Old Line Whigs," will not come into the
+support of the American ticket, but will even support the Democratic
+ticket; and do it from an honest (though mistaken) belief that they can
+most effectually serve the interests of the country by this course. With
+such, we shall be the last man to raise a quarrel--claiming the right to
+do as we please in matters of the sort. But there are some men in the
+ranks of the enemy now, who are governed by very different motives; and
+as these are quoted against the American party, or, as their refusal to
+act with the party is a matter of _boasting_ in the Democratic ranks, it
+is due to the cause of truth, and of the country, that they should be
+understood, that their efforts may be _appreciated_.
+
+Without intending to be tedious, we name JAMES C. JONES, of Tennessee,
+as at the head of the list of _Old Liners_, whose devotion to the
+_South_, and love of _liberty_, prevent him from supporting Fillmore and
+Donelson. This is the veriest _stuff_ in the political world! Gov. Jones
+cannot excuse the matter of his opposition to Millard Fillmore upon the
+grounds he rests the case, in his Circular addressed to his
+constituents. The true secret of the matter must come to light, that old
+Whigs and new Whigs, Americans and Democrats, may appreciate his
+motives.
+
+Last fall, at the Fair in Jackson, in West Tennessee, in the house and
+at the bedside of ANDREW GUTHRIE, on being inquired of as to his future
+course, the Governor became very much excited, and roundly asserted,
+that if the American party nominated _Fillmore_, he should go against
+him. ==> _Because Fillmore, in his appointment of persons to office in
+Tennessee, did not consult him, but in many cases appointed his personal
+enemies!_ Mark, he did not pause to inquire _who_ might be the opposing
+candidate to Mr. Fillmore. He was not then, as he is not now, governed
+by any _principle_ in the matter, but by _passion_. He is _against Mr.
+Fillmore_, under all circumstances, no matter who may oppose him! And
+why? Because Mr. Fillmore did not suffer him to put his numerous _active
+friends_ into fat offices under the General Government; to many of whom
+he had made pledges while he was struggling for a seat in the United
+States Senate--where he ought never to have gone, and where the better
+portion of those who aided in his election now regret having sent him!
+
+But it is true, Fillmore and his Cabinet did refuse the extravagant
+demands made for office by the Governor; and in no single instance did
+they appoint men to office from Tennessee without consultation with
+BELL, GENTRY, and WILLIAMS; all three of whom were offensive to _Jones_.
+They had proven themselves to be worthy of consultation; the Governor
+had not! This accounts, moreover, for the efforts of Jones at Baltimore
+to defeat the nomination of Fillmore, and to procure the nomination of
+Scott--efforts which, unfortunately for the country, were but too
+successful!
+
+When the American party was organized in Tennessee, JONES had no
+objection to the creed, and would have fallen into the ranks, but then
+he beheld _Gentry_ and _Brownlow_ in the party--men whom he despised
+above all others. He tried to prevent the nomination of Gentry for
+Governor by letter-writing, and by seeking to get up a _Whig_
+Convention. Failing in these schemes, he threw himself into the arena,
+and _secretly_ damaged Gentry all he could, and played into the hands of
+Johnson, who was only elected by a majority of some _two thousand
+votes_!
+
+We are not informed as to the course Gov. Jones will pursue in this
+contest, further than this, he will go against Fillmore. We predict that
+he will support Buchanan. _Pride of character_ may keep him from it--if
+he have any of that commodity left, after his five years' residence at
+Washington! The platform upon which Buchanan has been placed by the
+Cincinnati Convention, is a reiteration of violent and undying hostility
+to every measure of public policy that was advocated by HENRY CLAY and
+the Old Whig party. Jones still _professes_ an equally undying devotion
+to Clay and his principles. Moreover, Jones has, on every stump in
+Tennessee, held up Buchanan as a _rank old Federalist_, a Pennsylvania
+_Abolitionist_, and as the _wicked traducer_, _violent calumniator_, and
+_malignant persecutor_ of Henry Clay--even attributing his promotion to
+the Secretaryship of State, by Mr. Polk, to his _infamous agency_ in
+fastening upon Mr. Clay the foul charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption." We confess that we are at a loss to see how Jones can fall
+into the support of Buchanan. The _nomination_ of the man is a direct
+insult to Old Clay Whigs!
+
+ALBERT G. WATKINS, the Representative in Congress from the First
+Congressional District of Tennessee, has gone over to Democracy, placing
+his change upon the ground of his _great concern for the South_! We take
+it that he will support Buchanan without hesitancy. This would place
+Watkins before the country in his true colors, and reflect the likeness
+of the man with _daguerreotype_ accuracy!! With such a platform, and
+such a candidate on it, Watkins would have the appearance of a man
+walking in one direction, with his head turned completely around, and
+his face looking the other way! The incongruity of the platform, and the
+peculiar reputation of Buchanan for political inconsistency, are alike
+adapted to the history and incidents of Watkins's late canvass for
+Congress! The plain truth is, that the man so completely destroyed
+himself, and was so ruinously exposed by his competitor, COL. TAYLOR,
+whom he beat only some two hundred votes, (and that by means that make
+his seat in Congress one of _thorns_,) that he could but go over to
+Locofocoism. And although he has, in former days, held up Buchanan on
+the stump as an old Federalist, and as the reviler and persecutor of
+Henry Clay, he can advocate him now with a better grace than he can look
+his Know Nothing constituents in the face! We cannot say of this man as
+Pope said of Craggs:
+
+    "Broke no promise, served no private end,
+    Gained no title, and who lost no friend."
+
+WILLIAM G. SWAN, of Knoxville, is next on the list of "Old Line Whigs"
+who have gone over to the Foreign Catholic Democratic party, and of
+whose conversion the Democrats at a distance boast. Here they do not
+brag; but on the other hand, some of the leaders, whose names we can
+supply, authorize us to state that they do not want him, and will not
+receive him. This man was twice beaten for the Legislature in this
+county--never elected by the people to any position outside of
+Knoxville--and became soured at the Whig party. He went for _Johnson and
+Sag Nichtism_ last summer, and his loss is not regretted by the American
+party in this county.
+
+But JOHN H. CROZIER, of Knoxville, has gone over to "Old Buck" and his
+admirers; and this is claimed as a change! This little man, _supremely
+selfish_, was turned out of Congress five years ago, by JOSIAH M.
+ANDERSON, with the people at his back, for _taking too much mileage_, by
+several hundred dollars per session, for four years! He afterwards
+desired the Whig party to run him for Governor; but they were not
+willing to undertake the _load_. He became soured, and last summer paid
+a visit to some of the counties below, to avoid, as was believed, voting
+for Gentry for Governor, and Sneed for Congress. He was formerly very
+bitter in his opposition to Democracy; and on many a stump has he
+denounced _Buchanan_, and all others concerned in the "bargain and
+intrigue" slander of Clay, besides holding up "Buck" as a Blue-light
+Federalist! At a recent Buchanan Ratification meeting in Knoxville, he
+made a bitter speech against the American party!
+
+These two men, Swan and Crozier, were active in getting up an
+organization against us, in 1849, by heading a company which purchased
+the "_Register Establishment_," of this city, at the head of which they
+placed one _john miller m'kee_, behind whom they and others concealed
+themselves and wrote violent and abusive articles, through a controversy
+of two years. Driving the whole of them to the wall, as we did, in the
+controversy, they determined to _mob and tear down our office_; and with
+a view to this, those concerned deposited their _guns_, and other
+"implements of husbandry," in the law office jointly occupied by these
+two men, who have operated as _twin brothers_ for several years--each
+sympathizing with the other in his political defeats! Those concerned
+were deterred from this contemplated and well-arranged assault upon our
+office, by COL. LUTTRELL, the Comptroller of the State, and other
+gentlemen of nerve, arming themselves with shot-guns, pistols, and
+hatchets, and taking their stand at our office!
+
+Nothing daunted by this defeat, these _gallant_ lawyers, and
+_generous_--not to say _brave_--opponents betook themselves to the
+county of Anderson, in this Judicial Circuit, and with great difficulty
+got up an indictment against us, under an old statute, forgotten by
+gentlemen of the bar, for _advertising a Baltimore lottery scheme_; when
+they themselves, and their relatives, were dealing in the _Art Union
+lottery_ in this city! They were most signally defeated in that
+indictment; and, together with the two Williamses, brothers-in-law of
+Crozier, sought to drive the business men of the place, and others, from
+advertising in our paper, or subscribing for it. Failing in this, they
+sought to prevent us from getting the Government advertising under
+Fillmore's administration; and in this they failed, though this is the
+ground of their hostility to Fillmore and his Cabinet, as well as to
+John Bell, M. P. Gentry, and C. H. Williams.
+
+The _Register_ fell through--was sold under the hammer for _twenty-two
+hundred dollars_--McKee ran away--and the company have had about FIVE
+THOUSAND DOLLARS to pay for him, which hurts prodigiously! Our WHIG has
+steadily increased in favor with the people, and its circulation is now
+THE RISE OF FIVE THOUSAND--being the largest circulation that any
+political or other journal ever attained in East Tennessee! Indeed, no
+political weekly in Tennessee now has, or ever did have, a circulation
+equal to "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."
+
+A young man calling himself _Luther Patterson_, has been conducting a
+foreign Sag Nicht sheet at Kingston, called the "Gazetteer," and which
+has gone by the board for the want of patronage. This little eight by
+ten sheet has been editorially, and by means of anonymous
+communications, assaulting the writer of this work, and the editor of
+the _Register_, MR. FLEMING. Patterson paid a recent visit to this
+place; at which time Fleming met with him on the street, and publicly
+chastised him, applying the toe of a stiff boot to the _west end_ of his
+person, with some force. Patterson turned about and boasted in his paper
+that he had the best of the fight. Our paper and Fleming's corrected
+this false version of the affair, and gave the facts; whereupon
+Patterson sued out a writ in the Circuit Court for Fleming, for damages
+done to his person in said rencontre, laying his damages at $5,000!
+Shortly after this he instituted a civil action against the publishers
+of the paper we edit, and another against us for the article we wrote
+against him; and these suits are now pending.
+
+These two _gallant_ attorneys, as we are informed, are employed as
+counsel by Patterson--a young man who has no visible means of paying
+lawyers, but the _eagerness_ of these gentlemen to get after us would
+lead them to "work for nothing and find themselves." In addition to
+their several civil suits against several of us, they have sent their
+man before the Grand Jury of Knox county, and made a presentment against
+us for having _out-wrote_ their Sag Nicht editor! The object of these
+suits against the editors and publishers of the American papers here, is
+to _gag_ them, or to check their influence in this contest. But they
+have mistaken their men. Like other vipers, they will find, before these
+matters end, that they bite a file--a file of good _American_ steel, and
+tempered to that degree of hardness that all their malignity, intense
+and active as it is known to be, will not be able to prevail against it!
+
+When we came to this city of Knoxville, in 1849, we sold our office at
+Jonesborough, at private sale, to pay a _security debt_, and purchased a
+new press and materials on a credit. These we sent on to the care of
+WILLIAMS & CO., the brothers-in-law of Crozier, who kept about the only
+commission and forwarding house in Knoxville. We were detained at
+Jonesborough four weeks by close confinement to our bed; and our
+materials arriving here, these "Old Line Whigs," who had always
+professed friendship toward us, refused to give them house-room; and had
+not JAMES W. NELSON and others stepped forward and paid the charges, and
+procured a house for them, the steamboat captain would have sold them
+out for the carriage!
+
+These _magnanimous_ gentlemen, members of the learned profession of the
+law, next contrived, through certain influences they brought to bear,
+to turn us out of the only office we could rent in the city, and thus
+they drove us _without the limits of the Corporation_, and compelled us
+to erect a temporary office upon our own lot, which we had bought on a
+credit. They were now at the end of their row. One was a candidate for
+Congress, the other for a seat in the Legislature. We pitched into both,
+and they were both defeated; but we do not claim that it was through our
+influence. Like Cardinal Wolsey, however, they both had to bid
+"farewell, a long farewell, to all their greatness." From the pinnacle
+of Congressional and Legislative honors, they have been precipitated to
+the shades of private life, and to political obscurity. Their chief
+ambition now is, to play "fantastic tricks" in courts of justice, and
+before grand jurors, in the way of annoying those they have neither the
+_manliness_ nor _courage_ to call to an account upon their own hooks!
+
+The established usage of _gentlemen_, when offended by a newspaper
+editor, is to exact personal satisfaction. To acknowledge that you are
+personally aggrieved, and then to retort in tricks behind the offender's
+back, or words behind your privileges at the Bar, is to acknowledge that
+one is either a _fool_ or a _coward_--perhaps both. A chief object in
+this crusade against us is to gag us during this campaign, and kill us
+off from the stump and the press; but they have certainly studied our
+character to but little purpose. And whatever line of policy their
+prompters and associates of the Locofoco school may urge upon them, let
+them be assured that they cannot muzzle criticism of their personal or
+political delinquencies. It is a sacred duty to unmask the _renegade_,
+to expose the _traitor_, and to hold up the _demagogue_ to public
+reprobation. That duty will be performed freely and fearlessly, by the
+author of this work, come weal or come woe. If these two "Knights of the
+Rueful Countenance" kill and eat a dozen Know Nothings, we know one
+member of the Order they will not affright into silence. For their
+cowardly assaults and their officious intermeddlings they may bare their
+backs to the lash. We will be with them to the bitter end, and will only
+forsake them in the _Gethsemane_ of their retreat!
+
+Had we come here with press and type, in 1849, and agreed to be
+controlled by these men and their particular friends, we could have been
+_the_ man for the times. Had we stooped to flirt and coquette and fawn
+and dance around these men, we could have had their endorsement, their
+influence, and their money, to any reasonable extent. But we neither
+sought their friendship, nor coveted their adulations. We claim to have
+been made of such inflexible materials, as not readily to go through the
+transmutations necessary to secure the kind regards of these men. We are
+no office-seeker, and desire no reward beyond the consciousness of
+having performed our duty, and of having served our country to the best
+of our ability.
+
+We take this occasion to repeat what we have heretofore said in our
+journal, that nearly every prominent man in the country, calling himself
+an "Old Line Whig," and now opposed to Fillmore and Donelson, is
+influenced by personal grievances, or a desire to get office--matters
+with which the people have not the slightest concern. Their opposition
+to the American ticket proceeds from personal hostility, either to the
+candidates, some of the electoral candidates, or certain prominent
+advocates of the ticket, and from no less unworthy motives. Of course
+there are exceptions to this rule.
+
+The idea of an Old Clay Whig supporting the Buchanan ticket is both
+absurd and ridiculous. To say nothing of the foul and malignant charge
+of "bargain, intrigue, and corruption," Buchanan labored to fasten upon
+Clay, the Platform upon which the Cincinnati Convention has placed
+Buchanan repudiates every principle Clay contended for, and held as
+sacred to the day of his death. On the contrary, the American party has
+not ignored one political tenet held by the Whig party, but has added
+new ones; none of which are at war with the creed of Clay, or the
+Constitution of our country! To make short work of a long story, no man
+who ever was a _true Whig_, and acted with that party _from principle_,
+can consistently go over to the _bogus_ Democracy of this day, and vote
+for Buchanan and Breckenridge!
+
+Talk about a Clay Whig turning Sag Nicht! What an idea! What principle
+does this Foreign Democratic party hold, that an Old Line Whig, or a
+conservative man, North or South, does not disapprove? What principles
+have they ever held, the evil effects of which are not now standing out
+in bold relief as a monument of their shame, and to which they have
+added the unpardonable sin of making war upon NATIVE AMERICAN
+PROTESTANTS?
+
+In conclusion, the reader will please allow a few remarks PERSONAL to
+the writer, and he is done--leaving the public to make their own
+comments, and their own disposition of both this book and its author.
+Our life has been a public life--our cause a public cause. We have our
+faults, as most men have; and we have committed some errors, as most men
+have. Our few acts of goodness and virtue, if any, we leave others to
+hunt up; our faults are subjects of criticism, and are viewed with a
+_jaundiced eye_ by our opponents. Through a course of _eighteen years_
+of editorial invective, (whether right or wrong,) we claim to have been
+actuated by none other than the best of motives. We have never been
+prompted by ambition, malice, or a desire to make money. Our voice,
+which has echoed over many hills and through many valleys, has never
+been heard in extenuation of guilt; has never been heard to plead the
+cause of the gambler, the swearer, the drunkard, the robber, or the
+assassin. Wherever vice has lifted its "seven heads and ten
+horns"--wherever fraud has showed its thieving hand--wherever gambling
+has displayed its rotten heart--wherever demagogues have sought to
+impose on the honest people--there have we tried to be conspicuous; not
+as their aider and abettor, but as their scourge, their accuser, and
+their unrelenting foe. And among this class of men are our most bitter
+foes. What friends we have are to be found at the fireside of
+virtue--among sober, sedate, and thinking men, and among the brave and
+honorable. We have never been the slave or sycophant of any man or
+party, as our immense band of subscribers, numbering thousands, will
+bear us witness.
+
+And now, AMERICANS, while we look forward to the future with pleasing
+anticipations--while we rejoice in prospect of the final triumph of
+wisdom, of reason, and of virtue, over audacious ignorance, palpable
+corruption, canting hypocrisy, and caballing Democracy--God forbid that
+we should indulge the vain idea that we have nothing to do! Let every
+friend of American rights and Protestant liberties take a bold, a
+decided stand, vowing most solemnly that he will have no fellowship at
+the ballot-box with the friends of that unpitying monster, a DEMOCRATIC
+PAPAL HIERARCHY! Be active, be vigilant, and persevering, and the day is
+ultimately ours!
+
+    "Strike till the last armed foe expires;
+    Strike for your altars and your fires;
+    Strike for the green graves of your sires,
+        God, and your native land!"
+
+
+
+
+TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE--LETTER No. 2.
+
+
+SIR:--On the night of the 9th of June, 1856, you held forth in the
+Court-House in Charleston, Mo., taking myself, _Rev. Josiah McCrary_,
+the Methodist stationed preacher of that town, and Methodists generally,
+for your text. It would seem that the _touch_ I gave you, and a letter
+of mine read before a large congregation in Charleston, on Sabbath
+evening, June 8th, _have fully developed all the latent blackguardism of
+your early training and corrupt nature_! I will now place the record of
+your _infamy_ before the world in such a permanent form, and circulate
+it so extensively, that your low Billingsgate and vile blackguardism can
+never harm any man or sect. I will make such a showing of you that no
+persons of refined feelings or of any pride of character will hear you
+preach or entertain you in future! I will remind many readers of the
+showing up of your infamous character and conduct, by the editor of the
+Louisville Journal, ten or twelve years ago, and of the exposure of your
+villainous conduct by the _Rev. Mr. McNutt_, of Kentucky, through the
+Nashville Advocate, some eight or nine years ago.
+
+I will only add the following article from my paper of the 21st June,
+1856, as it completes your record, so far as Tennessee is concerned. I
+will only add, that you were driven out of McMinn County in East
+Tennessee, where you were preaching, lying, and drinking whiskey, years
+ago. There and then, too, the records of the Sullivan County affair,
+certified to by the Clerk, were produced against you! But to the article
+from my late paper:
+
+
+STEPHEN TRIBBLE AGAIN.
+
+This old hypocrite and scoundrel has been denying in the pulpit that he
+was ever convicted of manslaughter or branded! It turns out, also, that
+the old villain once joined the American party in West Tennessee! And
+last, but not least, it seems that he was turned out of both the
+Methodist and Presbyterian Churches before he became a Campbellite
+preacher. A pretty disciple to be abusing honest men! But to the law and
+to the testimony:
+
+                                    "ROANE COUNTY, June 3d, 1856.
+
+     "SIR:--In your issue of the 14th of May, you notice _Stephen
+     Tribble_, and ask for information concerning him. He came to
+     the lower end of Roane county from one of the upper counties of
+     East Tennessee, and passed himself for an Arian preacher. I
+     objected to his preaching in a meeting-house, and came near
+     getting myself into a scrape. About that time a gentleman came
+     from our upper country, and said he had seen his father apply
+     the branding-iron to Tribble, and the smoke rose ten feet high!
+     I then began to play on a harp of one string against him, and
+     that was _a tribble_, whereupon he left between two days for
+     Kentucky! He was once expelled from the Methodist Church, and
+     afterwards he was expelled from the Presbyterian Church. If
+     Tribble disputes what I say, all I ask is a chance to prove it.
+     I live ten miles south of Kingston, near Barnardsville. Yours
+     truly,
+
+                                    "JOHN BLAIR."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    "PARIS, TENN., June 6th, 1856.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--I see in a late issue of yours that you are after a
+     Reverend wolf, Stephen Tribble. I am personally acquainted with
+     him, as I lived in Sullivan county when he was in the
+     Blountville jail. I have heard him preach here, and deny from
+     the stand ever having been in jail, when he and I had talked
+     the whole matter over the day before. He is now about
+     forty-eight years of age--has a scar on his cheek. He preached
+     here monthly in 1846, and here it was that he joined the
+     American party. He now resides either in Graves or Fulton
+     county, Kentucky. One of his brothers told me last week that he
+     now preaches at one point in Kentucky, and the rest of his time
+     in Missouri. One of their preachers told me that he gets drunk
+     and cuts up largely. Yours, with respect,
+
+                                    "A. J. HICKS."
+
+To the foregoing letters we add a certified copy of the records of the
+Circuit Court of Sullivan county, and after this we shall leave this
+_old clerical debauchee_ to preach for such Sag Nichts as may feel
+edified by his ministry:
+
+                                    "MONDAY, Sept. 24, 1827.
+
+     "State of Tennessee, First Circuit, Sullivan County Court: met
+     according to adjournment. Present, Honorable Samuel Powell,
+     Judge, &c."
+
+                                    "FRIDAY, Sept. 28, 1827.
+
+     "STATE _vs._ STEPHEN TRIBBLE AND JOHN TRIBBLE.
+
+     "In this cause, the jury having retired yesterday to consider
+     of their verdict, under the care of an officer, and the same
+     jury, to wit: James Steele, Wm. Morgan, Joshua Miller, John
+     Thomas, Wm. Hashman, John Wassum, Thomas Brown, Stephen B.
+     Cawood, John K. Arnold, Thomas Fain, William Hughes, and
+     William H. Biggs, returning to the bar, do say, they find the
+     defendants not guilty of the murder, but they find them guilty
+     of manslaughter as charged in the bill of indictment. Whereupon
+     the defendants moved the Court for a rule to show cause why a
+     new trial should be had, which rule is granted, and on argument
+     said rule is discharged. It is therefore considered by the
+     Court that for such offence the said defendants be imprisoned
+     for the term of four calendar months: that they be branded with
+     the letter M in the brawn of the thumbs of their left hands on
+     to-morrow morning, and that they pay the costs of this suit or
+     remain in custody until the same is paid."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "STATE OF TENNESSEE, SULLIVAN COUNTY.
+
+"I, Jno. W. Cox, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Sullivan County, do
+hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, true, and perfect copy of
+the final judgment in the case of State _vs._ Stephen Tribble and John
+Tribble, as appears of record in my office.
+
+"Given under my hand at this office, the 10th of June, 1856.
+
+                                    "Jno. W. Cox, Clerk,
+
+                                    "By A. J. Cox, Dep. Clerk."
+
+In conclusion, _Stephen_, I take my leave of you now, having introduced
+you to the 5,000 subscribers to the Whig, the 7,500 subscribers to our
+campaign paper, and the _tens of thousands of readers_ of this book--a
+work which will exist and be referred to when I am in my grave, and you
+are in the hot embraces of the Devil! You will at least agree with me
+that _that_ was an evil hour for you when you travelled out of your way
+to assail me before a strange audience in Missouri.
+
+                                  I am, &c.,
+
+                                    W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+                                      Knoxville, June 23d, 1856.
+
+
+
+
+A SERMON ON SLAVERY.
+
+
+     Delivered by the undersigned in Temperance Hall in Knoxville,
+     on Sabbath, 8th of June, 1856, to a large and attentive
+     audience, composed of citizens and strangers--some from the
+     North and some from the South--occupying one hour and a quarter
+     in the delivery. It is published as it was delivered, without
+     an omission or an alteration. Respectfully, &c.,
+
+                                    W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+     TEXT.--"Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their
+     own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+     doctrine be not blasphemed."--1 Tim. vi. 1.
+
+Whoever reflects upon the nature of man, will find him to be almost
+entirely the creature of circumstances: his habits and sentiments are,
+in a great measure, the growth of adventitious circumstances and causes;
+hence the endless variety and condition of our species. That race of men
+in our country known as Abolitionists, Free-soilers, or Black
+Republicans, look upon any deviation from the constant round in which
+_they_ have been spinning out the thread of their existence as a
+departure from nature's great system; and, from a known principle of our
+nature, the first impulse of these fanatics is to condemn. It is thus
+that the man born and matured in a free State looks upon slavery as
+unnatural and horrible, and in violation of every law of justice or
+humanity! And it is not uncommon to hear bigots of this character, in
+their churches at the North, imploring the Divine wrath to shower down
+the consuming fires of heaven on that great Sodom and Gomorrah of the
+New World, all that section of country south of Mason and Dixon's line,
+where this unjust practice prevails.
+
+When an unprejudiced and candid mind examines into the past condition of
+our race, and learns the fact which history develops, as the inquirer
+will, that a majority of mankind were _slaves_, he will be driven to the
+melancholy reflection, that the world, when first peopled by God
+himself, was not a world of freemen, but of _slaves_!
+
+Slavery was really established and sanctioned by Divine authority among
+even God's chosen people, the favored children of Israel. Abraham, the
+founder of this interesting nation, and the chosen servant of the Most
+High, was the owner of more slaves than any cotton-planter in South
+Carolina or Mississippi. That magnificent shrine, the gorgeous temple of
+Solomon, commenced and completed under the pious promptings of religion
+and ancient Free-Masonry, was reared alone by the hands of slaves!
+Egypt's venerable and enduring pyramids were reared by the hands of
+slaves! Involuntary servitude, reduced to a science, existed in ancient
+Assyria and Babylon. The ten tribes of Israel were carried off to
+Assyria by Shalmanezer, and the two strong tribes of Judah were
+subsequently carried in triumph by Nebuchadnezzar to end their days in
+Babylon as slaves, and to labor to adorn the city. Ancient Phoenicia
+and Carthage were literally overrun with slavery, because the slave
+population outnumbered the free and the owners of slaves! The Greeks and
+Trojans, at the siege of Troy, were attended with large numbers of their
+slaves. Athens, and Sparta, and Thebes--indeed, the whole Grecian and
+Roman worlds--had more slaves than freemen. And in those ages which
+succeeded the extinction of the Roman empire in the West, slaves were
+the most numerous class. Even in the days of civilization and Christian
+light which revolutionized governments, laboring serfs and abject slaves
+were distributed throughout Eastern Europe, and a portion of Western
+Asia--conclusively showing that slavery existed over these boundless
+regions. In China, the worst forms of slavery have existed since its
+earliest history. And when we turn to Africa, we find slavery, in all
+its most horrid forms, existing throughout its whole extent, the slaves
+outnumbering the freemen at least three to one. Looking, then, to the
+whole world, we may with confidence assert, that slavery in its worst
+forms subdues by far the largest portion of the human race!
+
+Now, the inquiry is, how has slavery risen and thus spread over our
+whole earth? We answer, by the _laws of war_, _the state of property_,
+_the feebleness of governments_, the thirst for _bargain and sale_, the
+_increase of crime_, and last, but not least, _by and with the consent
+and approbation of Deity_!
+
+These remarks may suffice by way of an introduction, and they will serve
+to indicate the course we intend to pursue, if the announcement of the
+text has not already done that. _Let as many servants as are under the
+yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor_, &c. The word here
+rendered _servants_ means SLAVES, converted to the Christian faith; and
+the word rendered _yoke_ signifies the _state of slavery_ in which
+Christ and the apostles found the world involved when the Christian
+Church was first organized. By the word rendered _masters_ we are to
+understand the heathen masters of those Christianized slaves. Even
+these, in such circumstances, and under such domination, are commanded
+to treat their masters with all honor and respect, that the name of God,
+by which they were called, and the doctrine of God, to wit,
+Christianity, which they had professed, might not be blasphemed, might
+not be evil spoken of in consequence of their improper conduct. Civil
+rights are never abolished by any communication from God's Spirit; and
+those fiery bigots at the North who propose to abolish the institution
+of slavery in this country are not following the dictates of God's
+Spirit or law. The civil state in which a man was before his conversion,
+is not altered by that conversion; nor does the grace of God absolve him
+from any claims which the State, his neighbor, or lawful owner may have
+had on him. All these outward things continue unaltered: hence, if a man
+be under the sentence of death for murder, and God see fit to convert
+him, he is not released from suffering the extreme penalty of the law!
+
+The Church of Christ, when originally constituted, claimed no right, _as
+an ecclesiastical organization_, to interfere in any way with the civil
+government. This was the principle upon which the Church was founded, as
+announced by its immortal Head. When Christ was doomed by a cruel Roman
+law to its most ignominious condemnation, he did not so much as resist
+it, because _it was law_, nor did he complain of it as oppressive.
+
+     "Then Pilate entered into the judgment-hall again, and called
+     Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?...
+     Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom
+     were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should
+     not be delivered to the Jews; but now is my kingdom not from
+     hence.... To this end was I born, and for this cause came I
+     into the world, that I should bear witness unto the
+     truth."--John xviii. 33-37.
+
+When Christ came into the world on the business of his mission, he found
+the Jewish people subject to the dominion of the Roman kingdom; and in
+no instance did he counsel the Jews to rebellion, or incite them to
+throw off the Roman yoke, as do the vagabond philanthropists of the
+North in reference to the existing laws of the United States upon the
+subject of slavery. Christ was, by lineal descent, "THE KING OF THE
+JEWS," but he did not assert his temporal power, but actually refused to
+be crowned in that right.
+
+Under the Roman law, human liberty was held by no more certain tenure
+than the whim of the sovereign power, protected by no definite
+constitution. Slavery constituted the most powerful and essential
+element of the government, and that slavery was of the most cruel
+character, and gave to the master absolute discretion over the lives of
+the slaves. Notwithstanding all this, Christ did not make war upon the
+existing government, nor denounce the rulers for conferring such powers,
+although he looked upon cruel legislation in the light in which the
+character of his mission required. And although the _Church itself_ was
+not what it should have been, in no instance did Christ ever denounce
+_that_. The only denunciations the Saviour ever uttered, were those
+against the doctors and lawyers, ministers and expounders of the Jewish
+code of ecclesiastical law.
+
+But allow us to present the case of the Apostle Paul, as proof more
+palpable and overwhelming, on this very point. He had been falsely
+accused, cruelly imprisoned, and tyrannically arraigned; and that, too,
+before a licentious governor, an unjust and dissipated ruler, and an
+unprincipled infidel. The Roman law in force at the time arrested the
+freedom of speech, denied the rights of conscience, and even forbade the
+free expression of opinion in all matters conflicting with the
+provisions of the laws of the Roman government. In his defence before
+Felix, Paul never so much as speaks of Roman law, though well acquainted
+with it, but "he reasoned of _righteousness_, and _temperance_, and the
+_judgment to come_." Here was a suitable occasion to condemn the
+regulations and to question the authority of the villainous statutes of
+Rome; but instead of this, Paul plead his rights _under_ the unjust
+regulations of the law. He charged Felix with _official_ delinquency,
+with _personal_ crime, and, as a _man_, he held him up to public scorn,
+and threatened him with the vengeance of God! He appealed _to the law_,
+and justified himself _by the law_. He claimed the rights of a "_Roman
+citizen_"--demanded the protection due to a Roman citizen--and he
+scorned to find fault with the law, cruel and unjust as he knew it to
+be. And the consequence was, that the licentious infidel who ruled,
+"_trembled_."
+
+The views we have here presented are not at all new, but have been
+uniformly acted upon by evangelical Christians, in all ages of the
+world. Since the days of St. Paul and Simon Peter, no reformer has
+appeared who was more violent than that good and great man, MARTIN
+LUTHER. JOHN CALVIN possessed a revolutionary spirit--he fought every
+thing he believed to be wrong--he was unyielding in his disposition, and
+unmitigated in his severity. Yet neither of these great men ever made
+war upon the existing laws of their respective countries. JOHN WESLEY
+was the great reformer of the past century--he reformed the whole
+ecclesiastical machinery of the modern Church of Christ; and his
+doctrines, and manner of conducting revivals, are leading elements of
+American Christianity. But Mr. Wesley never made war upon the English
+government, under which he lived and died. On the other hand, it is a
+matter of serious complaint among sectarians not friendly to the spread
+of Methodism, that Wesley wrote elaborately against the war of the
+Revolution. He was devoted to law and order, and he deemed it a
+religious duty to oppose all resistance to existing laws. In his
+troubles at Savannah, Georgia, like Paul before the licentious
+governor, he appealed _to the law_, and sought by every means in his
+power to be tried _under_ the law, asking only the privilege of being
+heard in his own defence! And it was, in all the instances we have
+mentioned, "_that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed_,"
+to quote the expressive language of the text, that existing laws have
+been adhered to by the propagators of gospel truth.
+
+The essential principles of the great moral law delivered to Moses by
+God himself, are set forth in what is called the tenth commandment, in
+the 20th chapter of Exodus: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house,
+thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his _man-servant_, nor his
+_maid servant_, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy
+neighbor's." Now, the only true interpretation of this portion of the
+Word of God is, that the species of property mentioned are _lawful_, and
+that all men are forbid to disturb others in the lawful enjoyment of
+their property. "Man-servants and maid-servants" are distinctly
+_consecrated as property_, and guaranteed to man for his exclusive
+benefit--proof irresistible that slavery was thus ordained by God
+himself. We have seen learned dissertations from the pens of
+Abolitionists, saying, that the term "servant," and not "slave," is used
+here. To this we reply, that both the Hebrew and Greek words translated
+"servant," mean also "slave," and are more frequently used in this sense
+than in the former. Besides, the Hebrew Scriptures teach us, that God
+especially authorized his peculiar people to _purchase_ "BONDMEN FOR
+EVER;" and if to be in _bondage for ever_ does not constitute _slavery_,
+we yield the point.
+
+The visionary notions of piety and philanthropy entertained by many men
+at the North, lead them to resist the _Fugitive Slave Law_ of this
+government, and even to _violate the tenth commandment_, by stealing our
+"men-servants and maid-servants," and running them into what they call
+free territory. Nay, the _villainous piety_ of some leads them to
+contribute _Sharpe's Rifles_ and _Holy Bibles_, to send the
+_uncircumcised Philistines_ of New England into Kansas and Nebraska, to
+shoot down the Christian owners of slaves, and then to perform religious
+ceremonies over their dead bodies! Clergymen lay aside their Bibles at
+the North, and females, as in the case of that model beauty, _Harriet
+Beecher Stowe_, unsex themselves to carry on this horrid and slanderous
+warfare against slaveholders of the South! And English travellers,
+steeped to the nose and chin in prejudices against this government and
+our institutions, have written books upon the subject. The Halls,
+Hamiltons, Trollopes, and Miss Martineaus, _et ed omne genus_, all have
+misrepresented us! These English writers all denounce slavery, and
+eulogize _Democracy_; as if an Englishman could be a Democrat, in the
+modern, vulgar sense of the term, and be a consistent man!
+
+But we do not propose, in this brief discourse, to enter into any
+defence of the African slave trade. Although the evils of it are greatly
+exaggerated, its evils and cruelties, its barbarities, are not justified
+by the most ultra slaveholders of this age. The vile traffic was
+abolished by the United States, even before the British Parliament
+prohibited it. All the powers in the world have subsequently prohibited
+this trade--some of the more influential and powerful of them declaring
+it _piracy_, and covering the African seas with armed vessels to prevent
+it!
+
+This trade, which seems so shocking to the feelings of mankind, dates
+its origin as far back as the year 1442. Antony Gonzales, a Portuguese
+mariner, while exploring the coast of Africa, was the first to steal
+some _Moors_, and was subsequently forced by Prince Henry of Portugal to
+carry them back to Africa. In the year 1502, the Spaniards began to
+steal negroes, and employ them in the mines of Hispaniola, Cuba, and
+Jamaica. In 1517, the Emperor Charles V. granted a _patent_ to certain
+privileged persons, _to steal exclusively_ a supply of 4,000 negroes
+annually, for these islands!
+
+African slaves were first imported into America in 1620, a century after
+their introduction into the West Indies. The first cargo, of twenty
+Africans, by a Dutch vessel, was brought up the James River, into
+Virginia, and sold out as slaves. England then being the most commercial
+of European nations, engrossed the trade; and from 1680 to 1780, there
+were imported into the British Possessions alone, TWO MILLIONS OF
+SLAVES--making an average annual importation of more than 20,000! And
+the annual importation into America has transcended 50,000! The States
+of this Union, north of Mason and Dixon's Line, commonly called the New
+England States, were never, to any great extent, _slaveholding_; their
+virtuous and pious minds were chiefly exercised in _slave-stealing_ and
+_slave-selling_! To Old England our New England States owe their
+knowledge of the art of slave-stealing; and to New England these
+Southern States are wholly indebted for their slaves. They stole the
+African from his native land, and sold him into bondage for the sake of
+gain. They kept but few of their captives among themselves, because it
+was not profitable to use negro labor in the cold and sterile regions of
+New England. And when they enacted laws in the New England States
+abolishing slavery, they brought their negroes into the South and sold
+them before their laws could go into operation! This is the true history
+of slavery in New England. They stole and sold property which it was not
+profitable to keep, and for which they now refuse all warranty. And
+what few American ships are in the trade now, at the peril of piracy,
+are New England ships.
+
+The pious and religious portion of New England Abolitionists, we take
+it, are the better portion, and in these we have no sort of confidence.
+Take, for example, the case of that great man, and powerful pulpit
+orator, STEPHEN OLIN, who came into Georgia, and was introduced into the
+ministry by BISHOP ANDREW and his friends, and by this means married a
+lady owning a number of slaves. He sold them all for the money, pocketed
+the money, and returned to his congenial North; and when BISHOP ANDREW
+was arraigned before the General Conference of 1844, because he had
+married a widow lady owning a few slaves, this man OLIN appeared on the
+floor, and spoke and voted against the Bishop! Dr. Olin had washed his
+hands of the sin of slavery--had his money out at interest--and he was
+ready to plead for the rights of the poor African! May we not exclaim,
+"Lord, what is man?"
+
+We are acquainted with many of the leading Abolitionists of the North
+connected with the Methodist Church; and although we suppose they are
+about as good as the Abolitionists of other denominations we have no
+confidence in them. The most of them would enter their fine churches on
+the Sabbath, preach for hours against the sin of slavery, shed their
+tears over the oppressions of the "servile progeny of Ham," in these
+Southern States; and on the next day, in a purely business transaction,
+behind a counter, or in the settlement of an account, cheat a Southern
+slave out of the _pewter_ that ornaments the head of his cane!
+
+There is much in the political papers of the country calculated, if not
+intended, to fan a flame of intense warfare upon the subject of slavery,
+which can result in no possible good to any one. Those politicians who
+are exciting the whole country, and fanning society into a livid
+consuming flame, particularly at the North, have no sympathies for the
+black man, and care nothing for his comfort. They only seek their own
+glory. This political disquiet and commotion is giving birth to new and
+loftier schemes of agitation and disunion, among the vile Abolitionists
+of the country, and to bold and hazardous enterprises in the States and
+Territories. And many of our Southern altars smoke with the vile incense
+of Abolitionism. We have scores of Abolitionists in the South, in
+disguise--designing men--some filling our pulpits--some occupying high
+positions in our colleges--some editing political and religious
+papers--some selling goods--and some following one calling and some
+another, who, though among us, are not of us, Southern men may rest
+assured!
+
+We endorse, without reserve, that much-abused sentiment of a
+distinguished South Carolina statesmen, now no more, that "slavery is
+the corner-stone of our republican edifice;" while we repudiate, as
+ridiculously absurd, that much-lauded, but nowhere-accredited dogma of
+MR. JEFFERSON, that "all men are born equal." God never intended to make
+the _butcher_ a judge, nor the _baker_ a president, but to protect them
+according to their claims as butcher and baker. Pope has beautifully
+expressed this sentiment, where he has said:
+
+    "Order is heaven's first law, and this confessed,
+    _Some are_, and _must be_, greater than the rest."
+
+We have gone among the free negroes at the North--we have visited their
+miserable dwellings in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and other points;
+and, in every instance, we have found them more miserable and destitute,
+as a whole, than the slave population of the South. In our Southern
+States, where negroes have been set at liberty, in nine cases out of ten
+their conditions have been made worse; while the most wretched,
+indolent, immoral, and dishonest class of persons to be found in the
+Southern States, are _free persons of color_.
+
+The freedom of negroes in even the Northern States, is, in all respects,
+only an empty name. The citizen negro does not vote, and takes good care
+not to do so. The law does not interdict him this privilege, but if he
+attempt to avail himself of the privilege, he is apprehensive of
+"apostolic blows and kicks," which the pious Abolitionists will
+administer to him. All the social advantages, all the respectable
+employments, all the honors, and even the pleasures of life, are denied
+the free negroes of the North, by citizens full of sympathy for the
+down-trodden African! The negro cannot get into an omnibus, cannot enter
+a bar-room frequented by whites, nor a church, nor a theatre; nor can he
+enter the cabin of a steamboat, in one of the Northern rivers or lakes,
+or enter a first class passenger car on one of their railroads. They are
+not suffered to enter a stage-coach with whites, but are forced upon the
+deck, whether it shall rain or shine--whether it be hot or cold.
+Industry is closed to them, and they are forced to live as _servants_ in
+hotels, or adopt the professions of barber, or boot-black, or open
+oysters in saloons, or sell villainous liquors to the lower classes of
+German and Irish emigrants, who throng our large cities and towns. The
+negroes even have their _own streets_, and their own low-down kennels;
+they have their hospitals, their churches, their cars, upon which are
+written in large letters, "FOR COLORED PEOPLE!" Finally, they are forced
+to have their own _grave-yards_--the _yellow_ remains of Northern
+Abolitionists, and pious white men, refusing to mingle with the
+bleeching bones of the dead negro! While, in the South, they crowd the
+galleries and back seats in our churches, travel in our passenger cars,
+and even _loan their money_ to our white men at interest! Such is an
+outline of the contrast between free negroes at the North, and slaves at
+the South.
+
+Let us turn again to the Holy Scriptures, and see whether or not they
+sustain or condemn the institution of slavery. The opposers of slavery
+profess to be governed alone by the teachings of the Bible, in their war
+upon this institution. It is vain to look to Christ or any of his
+apostles to justify the blasphemous perversions of the word of God,
+continually paraded before the world by these graceless agitators.
+Although slavery in its most revolting forms was everywhere visible
+around them, no visionary notions of piety or schemes of philanthropy
+ever tempted either Christ or one of his apostles to gainsay the LAW,
+even to mitigate the cruel severity of the slavery system then existing.
+On the contrary, finding slavery _established by law_, as well as an
+_inevitable and necessary consequence_, growing out of the condition of
+human society, their efforts were to sustain the institution. Hence, St.
+Paul actually apprehended a "_fugitive slave_," and sent him back to his
+lawful owner and earthly master!
+
+Having already appealed to the authority of the Old Testament
+Scriptures, we turn to that of the New, where we learn that slavery
+existed in the earliest days of the Christian Church, and that both
+_masters_ and _slaves_ were members of the same Christian congregations.
+Slavery was an institution of the State in the Roman Empire, as it is in
+the Southern States of this confederacy, and the apostles did not feel
+at liberty to denounce it, if, indeed, they felt the least opposition to
+it--a thing we deny.
+
+But, before we appeal to the irresistible authority of the New
+Testament, we will submit a few only of a great many passages from the
+Old Testament--not having quoted as extensively as may have been deemed
+necessary:
+
+     "And he said, I _am_ Abraham's servant."--GEN. xxiv. 34.
+
+     "And there was of the house of Saul a _servant_, whose name was
+     Ziba; and when they had called him unto David, the king said
+     unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, _Thy servant is he_."--2
+     SAM. ix. 2.
+
+     "Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's _servant_, and said unto
+     him, I have given unto thy _master's_ son all that pertained to
+     Saul, and to all his house."--Verse 9th.
+
+     "Thou, therefore, and thy sons, and thy _servants_, shall till
+     the land for him, and thou shalt bring in _the fruits_, that
+     thy _master's_ son may have food to eat, &c. Now Ziba had
+     fifteen sons and TWENTY SERVANTS."--Verse 10th.
+
+     "I got me _servants_ and maidens, and had _servants born in my
+     house_; also, I had great possessions of great and small
+     cattle, above all that were in Jerusalem before me."--ECCLES.
+     ii. 7.
+
+     "And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence camest thou? And she
+     said, I flee from the face of my _mistress_ Sarai."--GEN. xvi.
+     8.
+
+     "And the Angel of the Lord said unto her, _Return to thy
+     mistress_, and submit thyself to her hands."--Verse 9th.
+
+The only comments we have to offer upon these passages are, first, one
+individual acknowledges himself the owner of twenty slaves! Another was
+raising slaves, and having them born in his house!! And last, but not
+least, the angel of God ordered the fugitive slave to return to her
+lawful owner!! High authority, this, for apprehending runaway slaves!
+
+In reference to bad servants, we read in Prov. xxix. 19:
+
+     "A servant will not be corrected by _words_; for though he
+     understand, he will not answer."
+
+The Scriptures look to the correction of servants, and really enjoin it,
+as they do in the case of children. We esteem it the duty of Christian
+masters to feed and clothe well, and in cases of disobedience to _whip
+well_.
+
+In the book of Joel, iii. 8, the _slave trade_ is recognized as of
+Divine authority:
+
+     "And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the land of
+     the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans,
+     to a people far off; FOR THE LORD HATH SPOKEN IT!"
+
+     "Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.
+     Art thou called, being _a servant_? Care not for it; but if
+     thou mayest be made free, use it rather. For he that is called
+     in the Lord, being _a servant_, is the Lord's freeman; likewise
+     also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant."--1
+     Cor. vii. 20-22.
+
+     "_Servants_, be obedient to them that are your _masters
+     according to the flesh_, with fear and trembling, in singleness
+     of your heart, as unto Christ. Not with eye-service, as
+     men-pleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of
+     God from the heart. With good-will doing service, as to the
+     Lord, and not to men: knowing that whatsoever good thing any
+     man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be
+     bond or free. And, _ye masters_, do the same things unto them,
+     forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in
+     heaven: neither is there respect of persons with him."--Eph.
+     vi. 5-9.
+
+     "_Servants_, obey in all things your _masters according to the
+     flesh_: not with eye-service, as men-pleasers; but in
+     singleness of heart, fearing God. And whatsoever ye do, do it
+     heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men: knowing that of the
+     Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance; for ye
+     serve the Lord Christ."--Col. iii. 22-25.
+
+     "_Masters_, give unto _your servants_ that which is just and
+     equal: knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."--Col. iv.
+     1.
+
+     "Let as many _servants as are under the yoke_ count their _own
+     masters_ worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+     doctrine be not blasphemed. And they that have _believing
+     masters_, let them not despise them, because they are brethren;
+     but rather do them service, because they are faithful and
+     beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and
+     exhort."--1 Tim. vi. 1, 2.
+
+     "Exhort _servants_ to be obedient unto their _own masters_, and
+     to please them well in all things; not answering again; not
+     purloining, but showing all good fidelity; that they may adorn
+     the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things."--Titus ii. 9,
+     10.
+
+     "_Servants_, be subject to _your masters_ with all fear; not
+     only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. For this
+     is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure
+     grief, suffering wrongfully."--1 Peter ii. 18, 19.
+
+We have but a single word of comment to offer upon these passages of
+Scripture. The original words used by the Greek writers, both sacred and
+profane, to express slave; the most abject condition of slavery; to
+express the absolute owner of a slave, and the absolute control of a
+slave, are the strongest that the language affords, and are used in the
+passages here quoted. If the apostles understood the common use of
+words, and desired to convey these ideas, and to recognize the relations
+of master and servant, they would, naturally enough, employ the very
+words used. To say that they did not know the primary meaning and _usus
+loquendi_ of the original words, is paying them a compliment we wish not
+to participate in! And to show that we are not singular in our views of
+the meaning expressed in the passages quoted, showing that they express
+in the one case slaves, and in the other masters or owners, actually
+holding them as property, under the sanction of the laws of the State,
+we quote from the following authorities:
+
+That great commentator, Dr. ADAM CLARKE, on 1 Cor. vii. 21, says:
+
+     "Art thou converted to Christ while thou art a slave--the
+     property of another person, and bought with his money? _Care
+     not for it._"
+
+The learned Dr. Neander, in his work entitled "Planting and Training of
+the Church," in referring to _Onesimus_, mentioned in the epistle to
+Philemon, says of him:
+
+     "It does not appear to be surprising that a _runaway slave_
+     should betake himself at once to Rome."
+
+To the foregoing might be added other authorities of equal weight and
+importance.
+
+It is a well-known historical fact, that slaveholders were admitted into
+the APOSTOLIC CHURCHES; nor would this assumed position of the advocates
+of slavery be at all denied by any intelligent and well-read men at the
+North, but for the fact that they think such an admission would decide
+the question against abolitionists. We have given much attention to this
+subject within ten years past, and we feel no sort of delicacy in
+expressing our views and convictions, as revolting as they may be to
+Northern men and Free-soilers, even among us. We believe that the
+primitive Christians held slaves in bondage, and that the apostles
+favored slavery, by admitting slaveholders into the Church, and by
+promoting them to official stations in the Church. And why do we believe
+all this? Because we are sustained in these positions by uninterrupted
+historical testimony!
+
+Well, for the information of abolitionists and other anti-slavery men
+dispersed throughout the South, we assume that the fact of the apostles
+admitting into Church fellowship slaveholders, and promoting them to
+positions of honor and trust, shows that the simple relation of master
+and slave was no bar to Church-membership. Masters and slaves, in the
+days of the apostles, were admitted into the Church as brethren: they
+partook in common of the benefits of the Church: they held to the same
+religious principles: they squared their lives by the same rule of
+conduct: acknowledged the same obligations one to another; and
+worshipped at the same altar. This was true of the first and succeeding
+centuries, when the relations of master and slave, and the practice of
+the Church in reference thereto, were very much like they are in the
+Southern States of our Union at present. But to the proof that
+slaveholders were admitted into the apostolic Churches:
+
+1. Historians all agree that slavery existed, and was general throughout
+the Roman empire, at the time the apostolic Churches were instituted. We
+have at our command the authorities to prove this, but to quote from
+them would swell this discourse beyond what we have intended. We will
+cite the authorities only; and anti-slavery men who deny our position
+can examine our authorities. See Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire," vol. i. See "Inquiry into Roman Slavery, by Wm. Blair,"
+Edinburgh edition of 1833. See vol. iv. of "Lardner's Works," page 213.
+See vol. i. of "Dr. Robertson's Works," London edition. Other
+authorities might be given, but these are sufficient, as they show that
+slavery was a civil institution of the State; that the Roman laws
+regarded slaves as _property_, at the disposal of their masters; that
+these slaves, whether white or colored, had no civil existence or
+rights, and contended for none; and that there were _three slaves to one
+citizen_--showing something of a similarity between the Roman empire and
+our Southern States! Gibbon says that slavery existed in "every province
+and every family," and that they were bought and sold according to their
+capacities for usefulness, and the demand for laborers--selling at
+hundreds of dollars, and from that down to the price of a beast of
+burden! Now, it is notorious that the gospel made considerable progress
+among the citizens of the Roman empire; and, as nearly every family
+owned slaves, it is certain that slaveholders were converted and
+admitted into the Church. It will not do to say that the poor, including
+the slaves, were alone converted to God, because the apostles make
+frequent allusions to the receiving into the Church of intelligent,
+learned, and opulent persons. The learned DR. MOSHEIM, in his Church
+History, vol. i., relating to the _first three centuries_, settles this
+question most effectually. He says:
+
+     "The apostles, in their writings, prescribe rules for the
+     conduct of the rich as well as the poor, for _masters_ as well
+     as _servants_--a convincing proof that among the members of the
+     Church planted by them were to be found persons of opulence
+     and masters of families. St. Paul and St. Peter admonished
+     Christian women not to study the adorning of themselves with
+     pearls, with gold and silver, or costly array. 1 Tim. ii. 9: 1
+     Peter iii. 3. It is, therefore, plain that there must have been
+     women possessed of wealth adequate to the purchase of bodily
+     ornaments of great price. From 1 Tim. vi. 20, and Col. ii. 8,
+     it is manifest that among the first converts to Christianity
+     there were men of learning and philosophers; for, if the wise
+     and the learned had unanimously rejected the Christian
+     religion, what occasion could there have been for this caution?
+     1 Cor. i. 26 unquestionably carries with it the plainest
+     intimation that persons of rank or power were not wholly
+     wanting in that assembly. Indeed, lists of the names of various
+     illustrious persons who embraced Christianity, in its weak and
+     infantile state, are given by Blondel, p. 235 de Episcopis et
+     Presbyteris: also by Wetstein, in his Preface to Origen's Dia.
+     Con. Mar., p. 13."
+
+A few reflections, by way of concluding, and we are through with our
+discourse, already extended beyond the limits we had prescribed:
+
+_First._--There is not a single passage in the New Testament, nor a
+single act in the records of the Church, during her early history, for
+even centuries, containing any direct, professed, or intended
+denunciation of slavery. But the apostles found the institution
+existing, under the authority and sanction of law; and, in their labors
+among the people, masters and slaves bowed at the same altar, communed
+at the some table, and were taken into the Church together; while they
+exhorted the one to treat the other as became the gospel, and the other
+to obedience and honesty, that their religious professions might not be
+evil spoken of!
+
+_Secondly._--The early Church not only admitted the existence of
+slavery, but in various ways, by her teachings and discipline, expressed
+her approbation of it, enforcing the observance of certain Fugitive
+Slave Laws which had been enacted by the State. And, in the various acts
+of the Church, from the times of the apostles downward through several
+centuries, she enacted laws and adopted regulations touching the duties
+of masters and slaves, _as such_. This, in our humble judgment, amounts
+to a justification and defence of the institution of slavery.
+
+_Thirdly._--Our investigations of this subject have led us regularly,
+gradually, certainly, to the conclusion that God intended the relation
+of master and slave to exist. Hence, when God opened the way for the
+organization of the Church, the apostles and first teachers of
+Christianity found slavery _incorporated with every department of
+society_; and, in the adoption of rules for the government of the
+members of the Church, they provided for the rights of owners, and the
+wants of slaves.
+
+_Fourthly._--Slavery, in the age of the apostles, had so penetrated
+society, and was so intimately interwoven with it, that a religion
+preaching freedom to the slave would have arrayed against it the civil
+authorities, armed against itself the whole power of the State, and
+destroyed the usefulness of its preachers. St. Paul knew this, and did
+not assail the institution of slavery, but labored to get both masters
+and slaves to heaven, as all ministers should do in our day.
+
+_Fifthly._--Slavery having existed ever since the first organization of
+the Church, the Scriptures clearly teach that it will exist even to the
+end of time. Rev. vi. 12-17 points to "The Day of Judgment," "The Last
+Day," "The Great Day," and the condition of the human race at that time,
+as well as the classes of persons to be judged, rewarded, and punished!
+A portion of this text reads, "And the kings of the earth, and the great
+men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and
+every BONDMAN, and every FREEMAN," etc., will be there; evidently
+implying that slavery will exist, and that the relations of master and
+slave will be recognized, to the end of time!
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Americanism Contrasted With Foreignism, Romanism And Bogus Democracy, by William G. Brownlow.
+    </title>
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+    .poem span.i0     {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism,
+Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;
+       In which Certain Demagogues in Tennessee, and Elsewhere,
+              are Shown Up in Their True Colors
+
+Author: William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+Release Date: March 15, 2009 [EBook #28328]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANISM CONTRASTED ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Bryan Ness, Josephine Paolucci and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This
+book was produced from scanned images of public domain
+material from the Google Print project.)
+
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+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/001.jpg" width="500" height="600" alt="REV. W. G. BROWNLOW." title="" />
+<span class="caption">REV. W. G. BROWNLOW.</span>
+</div>
+
+<h1>AMERICANISM CONTRASTED</h1>
+
+<h4>WITH</h4>
+
+<h2><i>Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy,</i></h2>
+
+<h4>IN THE LIGHT OF</h4>
+
+<h2>REASON, HISTORY, AND SCRIPTURE;</h2>
+
+<h4>IN WHICH</h4>
+
+<h3>CERTAIN DEMAGOGUES IN TENNESSEE, AND ELSEWHERE, ARE SHOWN UP IN THEIR
+TRUE COLORS.</h3>
+
+<h3>BY</h3>
+
+<h2>WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,</h2>
+
+<h4>EDITOR OF "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."</h4>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i4">"&mdash;&mdash;Go to your bloody rites again:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Preach&mdash;perpetuate damnation in your den;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Then let your altars, ye blasphemers, peal<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">With thanks to Heaven, that let you loose again,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">To practice deeds with torturing fire and steel,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No eye may search, no tongue may challenge or reveal!"<br /></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i8"><span class="smcap">Thomas Campbell.</span><br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>Nashville, Tenn.</i>:<br />
+PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR.<br />
+1856.<br />
+<br />
+<span class="smcap">Entered</span>, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by<br />
+WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,<br />
+In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Middle District of<br />
+Tennessee.<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+<h2>Dedication.</h2>
+
+
+<h2>TO THE YOUNG MEN OF AMERICA.</h2>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Young Gentlemen</span>:&mdash;Almighty God has conferred on you the peculiar honor
+and the eminent responsibility of preserving and perpetuating the
+liberties of this country, both civil and religious. That the American
+people are on the eve of an eventful period, will not be doubted by any
+sane man, who can discern the "signs of the times." Indeed, it is an
+every-day remark, that, as a nation, we are in the midst of a crisis.
+If, however, a crisis ever did exist in the affairs of this Nation,
+since its independence was first achieved, which called upon the <span class="smcap">native
+and legal voters</span> of the country to watch with sleepless vigilance over
+their blood-bought liberties, that crisis must be dated in the year of
+our Lord, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX! The great
+Commonwealth of Humanity, in behalf of the momentous interests of Truth,
+Liberty, and Religion, calls upon the present generation of <span class="smcap">Young Men</span>,
+who will have the issues of a coming revolution to meet, to qualify
+themselves for the task.</p>
+
+<p>There never was a time known, since the dark days of the Revolution,
+when the civil and religious liberties of this country were so much
+endangered as at the present time. This danger we are threatened with
+from <i>Foreign influence</i>, and the rapid strides of <i>Romanism</i>, to which
+we may add <i>Native treachery</i>, connived at, as they are, by certain
+leading demagogues of the country, and a powerful and influential
+political party, falsely called <i>Democrats</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> who seek the Foreign and
+Catholic vote, and are willing to obtain it at the expense of Liberty,
+and the sacrifice of the Protestant Religion!</p>
+
+<p>The great criminal of the nineteenth century, the <span class="smcap">Papal Hierarchy</span>, is
+now on trial before the bar of public opinion, having been arraigned by
+the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>. You are called on to decide, <span class="smcap">Young Men</span>, as you wield
+the balance of power, whether this Criminal, arraigned for treason
+against God, and hostility to the human race, deserves the execrations
+of all honest and patriotic men, and avenging judgments of a righteous
+God! In order to decide this grave question, <span class="smcap">Young</span> <i>Gentlemen of the
+Nineteenth Century</i>, you are to consider the inevitable tendency of the
+principles of the Church of Rome&mdash;the actual results of these tendencies
+as embodied in history&mdash;the indictment brought in by the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>,
+and the testimony of the witnesses. When you have intelligently
+considered the part the self-styled <i>Democratic Party</i> has acted in this
+infamous drama, you will feel it to be your duty to indict the
+corporation claiming the right to be called the Great Democratic Party,
+as <i>accessory</i> to the treason, crimes, and infamy, of the aforesaid
+Papal Hierarchy!</p>
+
+<p>To you, then, Gentlemen, is this brief work most affectionately
+inscribed by</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">THE AUTHOR.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<h2>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+
+<p>For the last twenty-five years, the writer of this work has employed
+much of his time in the reading and study of the controversy between
+Roman Catholics and Protestants. And those who have been subscribers to
+the paper he has edited and published for the <span class="smcap">last seventeen years</span>, will
+bear him witness that he has kept up a fierce and unceasing fire against
+that dangerous and immoral <i>Corporation</i>, claiming the right to be
+called the <span class="smcap">Holy Catholic Church</span>. This he has done, and still continues
+to do, because he believes firmly that the system of Popery, as taught
+in the standards of the Church of Rome, as enforced by her Bishops and
+Priests, and as believed and practised by the great body of Romanists,
+both in Europe and America, is at war with the true religion taught in
+the Bible, and is injurious to the public and private morals of the
+civilized world; and, if unchecked, will overturn the civil and
+religious liberties of the United States. Such, he believes, is its
+tendency and the design of its leaders.</p>
+
+<p>Popery is deceitful in its character; and the design of this brief work
+is, in part, to drag it forward into the light of the middle of the
+nineteenth century, to strip the flimsy vizor off its face, and to bring
+it, with all its abuses, corruptions, and hypocritical Protestant
+advocates, before the bar of enlightened public opinion, for judgment in
+the case. Roman Catholics misrepresent their own creed, their Church,
+and its corrupt institutions. The most revolting, wicked, and immoral
+features of their <i>holy and immutable system</i>, are kept out of sight by
+its corrupt Clergy, and Jesuitical teachers; while, with a purpose to
+<i>deceive</i>, a <i>Protestant sense</i> is attached to most of their doctrines
+and peculiarities. By this vile means, they designedly <i>misrepresent
+themselves</i>, and impose on the public, by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> inducing charitable and
+uninformed persons to believe that they are not as profligate as they
+are represented to be. This game has been played with a bold hand in
+<i>Knoxville</i>, for the last twelve months, and it is being played in every
+city and town in the South and West, where Romanism is being planted.
+One object, then, of this <i>epitomized</i> work, setting forth the
+boastings, threats, and disclosures of leading Catholic organs and
+Bishops, as to their real principles and designs upon this country,
+suffered to go forth in their more excited moments, or unguarded hours,
+is, to spread before the people, in a cheap form, true Popery, and to
+strip it of its <i>Protestant garb</i>, which it has for the time being
+assumed.</p>
+
+<p>An additional reason for bringing out this publication, at this
+particular time, is, to expose a corrupt bargain entered into by the
+leaders of the Catholic Church, and the leaders of a corrupt and
+designing political party, falsely called the Democratic party. One of
+the most alarming "signs of the times" is, that while Protestant
+ministers, of different persuasions, only two brief years ago, could
+preach with power and eloquence against the dogmas and corrupting
+tendencies of <i>Romanism</i>, and pass out of the doors of their churches,
+receiving the compliments and extravagant praises of their entire
+congregations, let one of them now dare to hold up this Corporation as a
+dangerous foreign enemy&mdash;let him warn his charge against the influence
+of Popery, or but only designate the Catholic Hierarchy as the "man of
+sin" described in the Scriptures, and one half of his congregation are
+grossly insulted: they charge him with meddling in politics; and, by way
+of resentment, they will either not hear him again, or they will starve
+him out, by refusing to contribute to his support!</p>
+
+<p>The hypocritical and profligate portion of the Methodist, Presbyterian,
+Baptist, and Episcopal membership in this country, are not so much
+misled by Popery, as they are influenced by <i>party politics</i>, and are in
+love with the <i>loose moral code</i> of Romanism. It lays no restraints on
+their lusts, and gives a loose rein to all their unsanctified passions
+and desires. Backslidden, unconverted, or unprincipled members of
+Protestant Churches, find in Popery a <i>sympathizing irreligion</i>, adapted
+to their vicious lives; and hence they fall in with its disgusting
+superstitions and insulting claims. They are, therefore, ensnared with
+the delusions of Popery, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> <i>choice</i>. In other words, Popery is a
+system of mere human policy; altogether of Foreign origin; Foreign in
+its support; importing Foreign vassals and paupers by multiplied
+thousands; and sending into every State and Territory in this Union, a
+most baneful Foreign and anti-Republican influence. Its old <i>goutified</i>,
+immoral, and drunken Pope, his Bishops and Priests, are <i>politicians</i>;
+men of the world, earthly, sensual, and devilish, and mere men of
+pleasure. Associated with them for the purpose, in great State and
+National contests, of securing the Catholic vote, are the worst class of
+American politicians, designing demagogues, selfish office-seekers, and
+bad men, calling themselves <i>Democrats</i> and "Old-Line Whigs!" These
+politicians know that Popery, as a system, is in the hands of a Foreign
+despotism, precisely what the Koran is in the hands of the Grand Turk
+and his partisans. But corrupt and ambitious politicians in this
+country, are willing to act the part of traitors to our laws and
+Constitution, for the sake of profitable offices; and they are willing
+to sacrifice the Protestant Religion, on the ancient and profligate
+altar at Rome, if they may but rise to distinction on its ruins!</p>
+
+<p>The great Democratic party of this country, which has degenerated into a
+<i>Semi-Papal Organization</i>, for the base purposes of power and plunder,
+now fully partakes of the intolerant spirit of Rome, and is acting it
+out in all the departments of our State and General Governments. What
+Romanism has been to the Old World, this Papal and Anti-American
+organization seeks and promises to be to this country. What is Popery in
+Roman Catholic Europe? It is as intolerant in politics as in religion:
+it taxes and oppresses the subjects and citizens of every country; it
+interdicts nations; dethrones governors, chief magistrates, and kings;
+dissolves civil governments; suspends commerce; annuls civil laws; and,
+to gratify its unsanctified lust of ambition, it has overrun whole
+nations with bloodshed, and thrown them into confusion. So it is with
+this "<i>Bogus</i>" Democracy: it wages a war of extermination against the
+freedom of the press, and against the liberty of speech, the rights of
+human conscience, and the liberties of man: hence its indiscriminate
+proscription of all who dare to unite with the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>, or openly
+espouse their cause. Popery aims at universal power over the bodies and
+souls of all men; and history<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> proclaims that its weapons have been
+dungeons, racks, chains, fire, and sword! The <i>bastard</i> Democracy of the
+present age has united with the Prelates, Priests, Monks, and Nuns of
+Romanism, and is daily affiliating with hundreds of thousands of the
+very off-scourings of the European Catholic population&mdash;stimulating them
+to deeds of violence, and to the shedding of blood! To-day, they sustain
+a <i>Baker</i> in the foul murder of a <i>Poole</i>, in New York, because he was a
+member of the so-called Know-Nothing party, which had just routed, in an
+election, this Foreign Locofoco party! To-morrow, we find this same vile
+party, its editors and orators, sustaining a Foreign Catholic Mob in
+Louisville, Ky.; and the members of the same party, in surrounding
+States, exulting over the murder of Protestant Americans! And in the
+next breath, as it were, we find these sons of Belial, falsely called
+<i>Democrats</i>, after reaching the power they lusted after in Philadelphia,
+sending up shouts over the lawless deeds of a Foreign Catholic riot,
+which made the ears of every American citizen to tingle!</p>
+
+<p>Under the guidance of an <span class="smcap">All-wise Providence</span>, the Protector of our
+Republic, and of the Protestant Religion, it is in the power of the free
+and independent voters of these United States to cause this enemy's long
+"<i>arm to be clean dried up, and his right eye to be utterly darkened</i>,"
+by elevating to the two first offices within the gift of the world,
+<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span> and <span class="smcap">Andrew J. Donelson</span>!</p>
+
+<p>I am, candid Reader, your fellow-citizen,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Knoxville</span>, July, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>AMERICANISM CONTRASTED</h2>
+
+<h4>WITH</h4>
+
+<h3><i>Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy.</i></h3>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Creed of the American Party&mdash;The Platform misrepresented by
+Mr. Watkins&mdash;Official Vote on the adoption of the new
+Platform&mdash;What the Abolitionists and Democrats say of the
+Platform&mdash;Seceders from the Nominating Convention, and their
+Address.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Lord Byron, just as the war of Greece approached, said: "It is not one
+man, nor a million, but the <i>spirit of liberty</i> which must be spread;"
+and, carrying out the same bold idea of liberty, he continues, "It is
+time to act;" or, in the language of the Know Nothing salutation, "It is
+time for work;" for "what signifies <i>self</i>, if a single spark of that
+genius of liberty worthy of the past, can be bequeathed unquenchably to
+the future?" In the language of a fair poetess:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i10">&mdash;"Our country is a whole,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Of which we all are parts; nor should a citizen<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Regard his interests as distinct from hers:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">No hopes or fears should touch his patriot soul,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But what affects her honor or her shame."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>The civilization&mdash;the nationality&mdash;the institutions, civil and
+religious&mdash;and the mission of the United States, are all eminently
+American. Mental light and personal independence, constitutional union,
+national supremacy, submission to law and rules of order, homogeneous
+population, and instinctive patriotism, are all vital elements of
+American liberty, nationality, and upward and onward progress. Foreign
+immigration, foreign Catholic influence, and sectional factions
+nourished by them&mdash;and breeding demagogues in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> the name of <i>Democracy</i>,
+by a prostitution of the elective franchise&mdash;have already corrupted our
+nationality, degraded our councils, both State and National, weakened
+the bonds of union, disturbed our country's peace, and awakened
+apprehensions of insecurity and <i>progressive deterioration</i>, threatening
+ultimate ruin! To rescue and restore American institutions&mdash;to maintain
+American nationality, and to secure American birthrights, is the mission
+and the sole purpose of the <span class="smcap">American Party</span>&mdash;composed of conservative,
+patriotic, Protestant, Union-loving, native-born citizens of every
+section, and of every Christian denomination&mdash;self-sacrificing patriots,
+who prefer their country, and the religion of their fathers, and of the
+Bible, to a factious name, a plundering political organization, and an
+infamous Papal hierarchy!</p>
+
+<p>The paramount and ultimate object of our <span class="smcap">American Organization</span> is to
+save and exalt the Union, and to preserve and perpetuate the rights and
+blessings of the Protestant religion. We contend that American
+principles should mould American policy; that American mind should rule
+American destiny; that all sectional parties, such as a party <i>North</i>,
+or a party <i>South</i>, should be renounced; that all sectional agitations,
+such as are kept up by Abolitionists, Free Soilers, and Black
+Republicans, should be resisted; that Congress should never agitate the
+subject of domestic slavery, in any form or for any purpose, but leave
+it where the Constitution fixes it; that as the destiny of the country
+depends on the mind of the country, intelligence should rule; that the
+ballot-box should be purified, and corrupt Romanism and foreign
+influence checked; that any allegiance "to any foreign prince,
+potentate, or power"&mdash;to any power, regal or pontifical, should be
+rebuked as the most fatal canker of the germ of American independence;
+that every citizen should be encouraged to exercise freely his own
+conscience; and that the popular mind should be enlightened, and the
+popular heart rectified, by proper and universal Christian education.
+This is the essence of the American creed; and when methodized into a
+Political Decalogue, it constitutes the <i>Ten Commandments</i> of the
+American party.</p>
+
+<p>In this connection, and at this point, we will give the much-abused
+Platform of the American party, adopted at the session of the National
+Council, February 21, 1856. Examine the Platform, and answer to your
+conscience the question: What true American head can disapprove&mdash;what
+pure American heart can revolt? Can men taking their stand on this
+Platform be the enemies of civil and religious liberties? Can either
+civil or religious liberties rest secure on any other grounds? And must
+not those "Bogus" Democrats and Anti-Americans, therefore, who wage war
+against this citadel of American birthrights, act as enemies to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+Federal Constitution, enemies to the Union, to the mental independence
+of American citizens&mdash;enemies to the Protestant religion, and enemies,
+consequently, "to civil and religious liberty?"</p>
+
+<h4>PLATFORM OF THE AMERICAN PARTY.</h4>
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>1st. An humble acknowledgment to the Supreme Being for his
+protecting care vouchsafed to our fathers in their successful
+Revolutionary struggle, and hitherto manifested to us, their
+descendants, in the preservation of the liberties, the
+independence, and the union of these States.</p>
+
+<p>2d. The perpetuation of the Federal Union, as the palladium of
+our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwark of
+American Independence.</p>
+
+<p>3d. <i>Americans must rule America</i>, and to this end,
+<i>native</i>-born citizens should be selected for all State,
+Federal, and municipal offices, or government employment, in
+preference to all others: nevertheless,</p>
+
+<p>4th. Persons born of American parents residing temporarily
+abroad, should be entitled to all the rights of native-born
+citizens; but,</p>
+
+<p>5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+(whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+allegiance or obligation of any description, to any foreign
+prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+Federal and State constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.</p>
+
+<p>6th. The unqualified recognition and maintenance of the
+reserved rights of the several States, and the cultivation of
+harmony and fraternal good-will between the citizens of the
+several States; and to this end, non-interference by Congress
+with questions appertaining solely to the individual States,
+and non-intervention by each State with the affairs of any
+other State.</p>
+
+<p>7th. The recognition of the right of the native-born and
+naturalized citizens of the United States, permanently residing
+in any Territory thereof, to frame their constitution and laws,
+and to regulate their domestic and social affairs in their own
+mode, subject only to the provisions of the Federal
+Constitution, with the privilege of admission into the Union
+whenever they have the requisite population for one
+Representative in Congress. <i>Provided always</i>, that none but
+those who are citizens of the United States, under the
+constitution and laws thereof, and who have a fixed residence
+in any such Territory, ought to participate in the formation of
+the constitution, or in the enactment of laws for said
+Territory or State.</p>
+
+<p>8th. An enforcement of the principle that no State or Territory
+ought to admit others than citizens of the United States to the
+right of suffrage, or of holding political office.</p>
+
+<p>9th. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued
+residence of twenty-one years, of all not hereinbefore provided
+for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and
+excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from
+landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested
+rights of foreigners.</p>
+
+<p>10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State: no
+interference with religious faith or worship, and no test-oaths
+for office.</p>
+
+<p>11th. Free and thorough investigation into any and all alleged
+abuses of public functionaries, and a strict economy in public
+expenditures.</p>
+
+<p>12th. The maintenance and enforcement of all laws
+constitutionally enacted, until said laws shall be repealed, or
+shall be declared null and void by competent judicial
+authority.</p>
+
+<p>13th. Opposition to the reckless and unwise policy of the
+present administration in the general management of our
+national affairs, and more especially as shown in removing
+"Americans" (by designation) and conservatives in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> principle,
+from office, and placing foreigners and ultraists in their
+places: as shown in a truckling subserviency to the stronger,
+and an insolent and cowardly bravado toward the weaker powers:
+as shown in re&ouml;pening sectional agitation, by the repeal of the
+Missouri Compromise: as shown in granting to unnaturalized
+foreigners the right of suffrage in Kansas and Nebraska: as
+shown in its vacillating course on the Kansas and Nebraska
+question: as shown in the corruptions which pervade some of the
+departments of the government: as shown in disgracing
+meritorious naval officers through prejudice or caprice; and as
+shown in the blundering mismanagement of our foreign relations.</p>
+
+<p>14th. Therefore, to remedy existing evils, and prevent the
+disastrous consequences otherwise resulting therefrom, we would
+build up the "American party" upon the principles hereinbefore
+stated.</p>
+
+<p>15th. That each State Council shall have authority to amend
+their several constitutions, so as to abolish the several
+degrees, and institute a pledge of honor, instead of other
+obligations, for fellowship and admission into the party.</p>
+
+<p>16th. A free and open discussion of all political principles
+embraced in our platform.</p></div>
+
+<p>The <span class="smcap">Hon. Mr. Watkins</span>, a renegade from the American ranks, in East
+Tennessee, delivered a speech in Congress on the 6th of May, 1856; which
+speech we find reported in the <i>Washington Union</i>&mdash;a speech which
+betrays an utter ignorance of the point he undertook to discuss. It is
+due to <i>his betrayed constituents</i> that we should expose his ignorance,
+and the blundering fallacy of his attempts to justify his turning
+<i>Locofoco Cataline Judas Sag-Nicht</i>! He says, as reported by his
+political organ-grinder:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"But, sir, the platform recently adopted by the Philadelphia
+Convention cannot receive my approbation. I cannot support Mr.
+Fillmore, or any other distinguished Whig, upon that platform.
+The only solitary plank in the Philadelphia platform of June,
+1855, was the twelfth section&mdash;that section which denied to
+Congress the right to interfere with slavery in the
+Territories, declaring the doctrine of non-intervention, and of
+popular sovereignty in the Territories. But, sir, that plank in
+the platform was stricken out by the convention recently held,
+and the sixth resolution of the platform then adopted
+substituted in its place. And what does that resolution
+endorse? Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution
+of the Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+of Congress to interfere upon the subject of slavery in the
+sixth resolution of the Philadelphia platform? Certainly not."</p></div>
+
+<p>In lieu of the <i>June</i> platform, we have this <i>February</i> platform. The
+June platform contained <i>no such denial to Congress</i>, as is here alleged
+by Mr. Watkins, of the right to interfere with slavery in the
+Territories! And it is marvellous, indeed, that a grave Member of
+Congress should undertake to discuss Platforms, which he had either
+never read, or the purport of which, if he had ever read them, he had
+either wholly forgotten, or lacked the sense to comprehend! The twelfth
+section of the June Platform says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"And expressly <i>pretermitting any expression of opinion</i> upon
+the power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+Territory, it is the sense of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> this National Council, that
+Congress <span class="smcap">ought not</span> to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+within the Territories of the United States."</p></div>
+
+<p>Thus, instead of <i>denying</i> to Congress the right to interfere with
+slavery in the Territories, as erroneously and recklessly charged by
+this new-born Democrat, all opinion on that subject was "<i>expressly
+pretermitted</i>" in the June Platform! Mr. Watkins was in such a hurry to
+join the Forney, Pierce, and Catholic Democracy, that he did not stop to
+examine even the Platform which most disgusted him! But this is not the
+worst blunder which he committed in that speech. He turned to the new
+Platform, and asked, with an air of triumph:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution of the
+(new) Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+of Congress to interfere with the subject of slavery in the
+sixth resolution of the (new) Philadelphia platform?"</p></div>
+
+<p>And he answers, "<i>Certainly not!</i>" The ignorant man, it would seem, only
+read as far as to the sixth section of the new Platform; and even <i>that</i>
+section contains a direct affirmative answer to his question; which, in
+order to place the American party in a false position, he answers,
+"<i>Certainly not!</i>"</p>
+
+<p>Now, we ask such as may have noticed his <i>misrepresentations</i>, to read a
+<i>little further on</i>, at least to the end of the 7th section of this new
+Platform, and see where it leaves Mr. Watkins! Turn back to the 7th
+section, and it will be seen that this section, instead of
+"<i>pretermitting any opinion</i>" on the question, announces the doctrine
+that the citizens of the United States permanently residing in the
+Territories, have a "<i>right</i>" to frame their Constitution and laws, and
+to regulate their domestic affairs in their own mode, subject only to
+the provisions of the Federal Constitution!</p>
+
+<p>The <i>New York Evening Post</i>, a Pierce and foreign Democratic organ, thus
+alludes to the action of the Convention which nominated <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and
+<span class="smcap">Donelson</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The 12th section of the June Platform, it is true, had been
+abrogated; BUT IT HAD BEEN REPLACED BY ANOTHER, MEANING
+PRECISELY THE SAME THING!"</p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>Cincinnati Gazette</i>, an Abolition, Anti-American Foreign sheet,
+came out in opposition to the American nominees, in its issue of Feb.
+29th, 1856, on account of the <i>Pro-slavery</i> character of the new
+Platform. The Gazette says:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We are glad that the action of the Convention <i>proved so
+decided as to leave no doubt as to the character of the
+Platform</i>. <span class="smcap">The latter is clearly and decidedly Pro-slavery and
+Nebraska</span>, <i>and in this respect corresponds precisely with the</i>
+<span class="smcap">principles of the Pierce Democracy!</span> <i>Fillmore and Donelson</i> are
+therefore presented to the American people as candidates for
+the Presidency<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> and Vice Presidency, ON A THOROUGH AND DECIDED
+NEBRASKA PRO-SLAVERY PLATFORM, and the citizens of Northern
+States are asked to vote for them!"</p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>New York Tribune</i>, whose editor was a prominent member of the
+Pittsburgh Black Republican Convention, and who is violent in his
+opposition to <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and <span class="smcap">Donelson</span>, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The object of the Know Nothings has dwindled down to this&mdash;TO
+DEFEAT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY! That is to say, this is the object
+of those who have managed the Philadelphia Convention, and
+nominated Mr. Fillmore. I have diligently inquired for a member
+who voted for <i>Banks</i> for Speaker, and now supports <i>Fillmore</i>;
+but up to this time&mdash;more than three days after the
+nomination&mdash;I have not heard of one. That sort must be scarce!"</p></div>
+
+<p>The following is the <span class="smcap">official</span> vote on the adoption of the new Platform
+by the National Council, which met four days previous to the Nominating
+Convention:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span>&mdash;<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Colby and Emery.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Ely, Weith, Brewster, Robinson,
+and Arnold. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Richmond, Wheelwright, Temple,
+Thurston, Sumner, Allen, Sawin, and Hawkes.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Connecticut</span>&mdash;<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Sperry, Dunbar, Peck, Booth,
+Holley, and Perkins.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Chase and Knight. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs.
+Simons and Nightingale.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">New York</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Walker, Oakley, Morgan, Woodward,
+Reynolds, Chester, Owens, Sanders, Whiston, Nichols, Van Dusen,
+Westbrook, Parsons, Picket, Campbell, Lowell, Sammons, Oakes,
+Seymour, Squire, Cooper, Burr, Bennett, Marvine, Midler,
+Stephens, Johnson, Wetmore, Hammond, and S. Seymour. <i>Nay</i>&mdash;Mr.
+Barker.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Delaware</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Clement and Smithers.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Maryland</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Codet, Alexander, Winchester,
+Stephens, and Wilmot. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Purnell, Ricaud, Pinkney,
+and Kramer.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Virginia</span>&mdash;<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Bolling, McHugh, Cochran, Boteler,
+Preston, and Maupin.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Florida</span>&mdash;<i>Yea</i>&mdash;Mr. Call.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">New Jersey</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Deshler, Weeks, Lyon, and
+McClellan.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Freeman, Nelclede, Gossler,
+Smith, Gillinham, Hammond, Wood, Gilford, Pyle, Farrand, and
+Williamson. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Johnson, Sewell, Jones, Parker,
+Heistand, Kase, Kinkaid, Coffee, Carlisle, Crovode, Edie,
+Sewell, and Power.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Louisiana</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Lathrop and Elam. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs.
+Harman and Hardy.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">California</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Wood and Stanley.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Arkansas</span>&mdash;<i>Yea</i>&mdash;Mr. Logan. <i>Nay</i>&mdash;Mr. Fowler.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Tennessee</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Brownlow, Bankhead, Zollicoffer,
+Burton, Campbell, Donelson, Harris, Bilbo, and Beloat.
+<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Nelson, Reedy, and Picket.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Kentucky</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Stowers, Campbell, Raphael, Todd,
+Clay, Goodloe, and Bartlett. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Shanklin, Jones,
+Carpenter, Gist, and Underwood.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ohio</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. White, Nash, Simpson, and Lippett.
+<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Gabriel, Olds, Ford, Barker, Potter, Stanbaugh,
+Rodgers, Spooner, Hodges,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> Kyle, Lees, Swigart, Allison,
+Fishback, Thomas, Corwine, Chapman, Ayres, and Johnson.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Indiana</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Sheets and Phelps. <i>Nay</i>&mdash;Mr.
+Meredith.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Missouri</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Edward, Fletcher, and Hockaday.
+<i>Nay</i>&mdash;Mr. Breckenridge.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Michigan</span>&mdash;<i>Yea</i>&mdash;Mr. Wood.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Lockwood, Cook, Chandler, and
+Gillies.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">District of Columbia</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Ellis and Evans.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Illinois</span>&mdash;<i>Yeas</i>&mdash;Messrs. Danenhower and Allen. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs.
+Jennings and Gear.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Iowa</span>&mdash;<i>Nays</i>&mdash;Messrs. Webster and Thorrington.</p>
+
+<p><i>Yeas</i>&mdash;108. <i>Nays</i>&mdash;77.</p></div>
+
+<p>We will close this chapter by giving the delegates who seceded from the
+Nominating Convention, with the Address published by them on the
+occasion. That recession was a more inconsiderable affair than has been
+represented by the foreign party of this country. The author of this
+work was the Chairman of the large Committee on Credentials, and
+reported <span class="smcap">two hundred and seventy-seven</span> delegates, which report was
+received without opposition, as to numbers. Of these, <i>forty-two</i> only
+seceded, viz.: 13 out of 28 from Ohio; <i>one</i> of two from New Hampshire;
+6&mdash;all&mdash;from Connecticut; 2 out of 13 from Massachusetts; <i>one</i> out of 3
+from Illinois; 7 out of 27 from Pennsylvania; <i>one</i> out of 4 from Rhode
+Island; 5&mdash;all&mdash;from Michigan; 5&mdash;all&mdash;from Wisconsin; <i>one</i>&mdash;all&mdash;from
+Iowa; 42 out of 277&mdash;not a <i>sixth</i>, and but little over a <i>seventh</i> of
+the whole!</p>
+
+
+<h4>ADDRESS.</h4>
+
+<p>The seceders or "bolters" made the following address, to which they
+appended their States and names. What they say of the <i>Louisiana</i>
+delegates, we have explained in another portion of this work:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The undersigned, delegates to the nominating Convention now in
+session at Philadelphia, find themselves compelled to dissent
+from the principles avowed by that body; and holding opinions,
+as they do, that the restoration of the Missouri Compromise, as
+demanded by a majority of the whole people, is a redress of an
+undeniable wrong, and the execution of it, in spirit at least,
+indispensable to the repose of the country, they have regarded
+the refusal of that Convention to recognize the well-defined
+opinion of the country, and of the Americans of the free
+States, upon this question, as a denial of their rights and a
+rebuke to their sentiments; and they hold that the admission
+into the National Council and nominating Convention, of
+delegates from Louisiana, representing a Roman Catholic
+Constituency, absolved every true American from all obligations
+to sustain the action of either of the said bodies.</p>
+
+<p>"They have therefore withdrawn from the nominating Convention,
+refusing to participate in the proposed nomination, and now
+address themselves to the Americans of the country, and
+especially of the States they represent, to justify and approve
+of their action; and to the end that a nomination conforming to
+the overruling sentiment of the country in the great issue may
+be regularly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> and auspiciously made, the undersigned propose to
+the Americans in all the States to assemble in their several
+State organizations, and elect delegates to a Convention to
+meet in the city of New York, on Thursday, the 12th day of June
+next, for the purpose of nominating candidates for President
+and Vice President of the United States."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ohio</span>&mdash;Thos. H. Ford, J. H. Baker, B. S. Kyle, W. H. C.
+Mitchell, E. T. Sturtevant, O. T. Fishback, Jacob Ebbert, Wm.
+B. Allison, H. C. Hodges, L. H. Olds, W. B. Chapman, Thos.
+McYees, Charles Nichols.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">New Hampshire</span>&mdash;Anthony Colby.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Connecticut</span>&mdash;Lucius G. Peck, Jas. E. Dunham, Hezekiah Griswold,
+Austin Baldwin, Edmund Perkins, David Booth.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Massachusetts</span>&mdash;Wild. S. Thurston, Z. R. Pangborn.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Illinois</span>&mdash;Henry S. Jennings.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Pennsylvania</span>&mdash;Wm. F. Johnston, S. C. Kase, R. M. Riddle, T. J.
+Coffey, John Williamson, J. Harrison, S. Ewell.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rhode Island</span>&mdash;E. J. Nightingale.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Michigan</span>&mdash;S. T. Lyon, W. Fuller, W. S. Wood, P. P. Meddler, J.
+Hamilton.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Wisconsin</span>&mdash;D. A. Gillis, John Lockwood, Robt. Chandler, G.
+Burdick, C. W. Cook.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Iowa</span>&mdash;L. H. Webster.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<h4>THE ELECTION OF BANKS&mdash;THE SLAVERY QUESTION.</h4>
+
+
+<p>One of the issues in the Presidential contest now going on, is the
+<i>slavery question</i>. A. O. P. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, of the Washington
+Union, who canvassed this State in opposition to Scott, and shed his
+<i>crocodile</i> tears before every crowd he addressed, because so good a man
+as Fillmore, who had stood firm for the <i>rights of the South</i>, had been
+set aside by an ungrateful Convention at Baltimore, to give place to
+Scott, the favorite of <i>Seward</i>&mdash;this miserable hypocrite, we say, now
+comes out and says, "Fillmore's abolitionism will suit the North."</p>
+
+<p>The Central Democratic Committee for East Tennessee, in a call for a
+District Convention at Clinton, in May last, through the <i>Knoxville
+Standard</i>, conclude said call in this language:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The time has again arrived when the national Democracy must
+rally to their country's call and preserve the Constitution as
+it is in its purity, and perpetuate the union of the States
+from the rain which the <i>Black Republican Party of the North</i>,
+aided by THEIR KNOW-NOTHING ALLIES OF THE SOUTH, would bring
+upon them. By order of the</p>
+
+<p class="right">"CENTRAL COMMITTEE."</p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>Sag-Nicht Convention</i> held at Somerville, on Thursday the 8th of
+May, and which selected D. M. Currin as their Electoral candidate,
+adopted the following resolution:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That we have been appointed by the Democracy of
+this Electoral District to organize to fight, in the coming
+Presidential election, the <span class="smcap">Black Republicans and Know-Nothings</span>.
+<i>Resolved</i>, That we <i>can</i> beat them, and we <i>will</i> do it.
+<i>Resolved</i>, That we will cordially receive the <i>co-operation of
+all Old-Line Whigs</i> who will assist us in carrying out these
+resolutions."</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, the charge is here made that the Know-Nothings of the South are the
+allies of the Black Republicans of the North. This is the impression
+intended to be made, first by these <i>concealed calumniators</i> at
+Knoxville, and afterwards by the <i>open and avowed slanderers</i> of the
+same party at Somerville! With such <i>wholesale lying</i> as is displayed in
+both of these cases, we have but little patience: we only give their
+language, to show their recklessness in making such an issue. And
+although this Foreign party claim to be the guardians of Southern
+interests, we propose to show, before we conclude this chapter, that
+they are themselves the "allies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> of the Black Republicans of the North,"
+and are giving them more "aid and comfort" than all the other parties in
+the country!</p>
+
+<p>FRANCIS P. BLAIR, former editor of Gen. Jackson's organ at Washington,
+was the President of the Black Republican Convention at Pittsburg, in
+February last! <i>John M. Niles</i>; Democratic Senator in Congress, was
+President of the Black Republican Convention held in Connecticut! In the
+Pittsburg Convention, over which Blair presided, PRESTON KING, ABIJAH
+MANN, DAVID WILMOT, and JACOB BRINKERHOFF, Old-Line Democrats, figured
+conspicuously.</p>
+
+<p>For two long and cold winter months, the Democrats, both North and
+South, voted for <i>Richardson</i>, of Illinois, for Speaker, a violent
+<i>anti-slavery man</i>, whose speeches <i>against</i> slavery, and in <i>favor</i> of
+Abolitionism, were matters of record in the Congressional Globe, and
+were delivered on the floor of Congress so late as 1850! The <i>immortal</i>
+75 Democrats did not cease to vote for this man <i>Richardson</i>, until <span class="smcap">Gen.
+Zollicoffer</span>, of Tennessee, read his speeches upon him, in the presence
+of his friends!</p>
+
+<p>On the 2d of February, SAMUEL A. SMITH, of Tennessee, a Democratic
+Representative in Congress, <i>renewed</i> his motion to adopt the <span class="smcap">plurality
+rule</span>. His proposition, which it was evident would elect <i>Banks</i>, was
+carried by Black Republican votes, who went for it in a body. This would
+still not have elected <i>Banks</i>, but for the fact that the following
+<i>Democrats</i> voted for the odious plurality rule: <i>Clingman</i>, <i>Herbert</i>,
+<i>Hickman</i>, <i>Jewett</i>, <i>Kelley</i>, <i>Barclay</i>, <i>Bayard</i>, <i>Wells</i>, <i>Williams</i>,
+and <span class="smcap">Samuel A. Smith</span>! Mr. Clarke was the only American who voted for the
+odious rule!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Carlile</span>, a national American, of Virginia, before the vote was taken
+upon this plurality rule, offered the following substitute for it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the <span class="smcap">Hon. Wm. Aiken</span>, a Representative from the
+State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby declared Speaker
+of the Thirty-Fourth Congress."</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gov. Aiken</span> is a sound Southern Democrat&mdash;never was any thing else&mdash;but
+<span class="smcap">Col. Smith</span> <i>objected</i>, and demanded the <i>previous question</i>, which cut
+off <span class="smcap">Mr. Carlile's</span> resolution, and which was to prevent its adoption! The
+candidate of the Democratic party, at that time, <span class="smcap">Mr. Orr</span>, immediately
+<i>withdrew in favor of</i> <span class="smcap">Gov. Aiken</span>, upon the introduction of <span class="smcap">Mr.
+Carlile's</span> resolution; and to <i>prevent Aiken's election</i>, SAMUEL A. SMITH
+cut off said resolution by a call of the previous question!</p>
+
+<p>Banks was elected by <i>one</i> vote, and this could not be accomplished
+until SEVEN DEMOCRATS got <i>behind the bar</i>, and refused to vote at all!
+These were HICKMAN, PARKER, and BARCLAY, of Pennsylvania; CRAIG, of
+North Carolina;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> TAYLOR, of Louisiana; RICHARDSON, of Illinois; and
+SEWARD, of Georgia! Any <i>two</i> of these <i>Southern</i> Democrats could have
+made <span class="smcap">Aiken</span> Speaker, but they did not want him&mdash;they knew Banks to be a
+<i>Democrat</i>, if he were a Black Republican&mdash;and to elect him, they
+believed would give them the strength of that odious party in the coming
+contest.</p>
+
+<p>We have before us the <i>Washington Union</i> of Sept. 27th, 1853, giving,
+editorially, a glowing account of the Massachusetts Democratic State
+Convention, reporting the speech of Nathaniel P. Banks, of Waltham,
+concluding that report in these words:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Mr. Banks emphatically and decidedly, on his own part, and on
+that of the <i>Democrats of Massachusetts</i>, disclaimed the truth
+of the rumors in certain newspapers that an arrangement had
+been entered into with another political party in the
+Commonwealth concerning the distribution of State offices. It
+was his and this Convention's and all true Democrats' desire,
+belief, and determination, that Henry W. Bishop should be
+elected governor of Massachusetts, and that the other
+Democratic State officers should also be elected. He was not
+afraid of defeat, and less afraid of <i>Whig success</i>, which, to
+judge by its recent effects, was simply equivalent to a defeat.
+[Applause.]"</p></div>
+
+<p>It may be said, and doubtless will be, that <i>Banks</i> has allied himself
+with the Republicans. But Banks says he has <i>always been a Democrat</i>,
+and that he was <i>nominated as a Democrat in his district</i>. And certain
+it is, that he was elected Speaker by DEMOCRATS, under the <i>compulsion</i>
+of an odious plurality rule, and the <i>gag</i> of the previous question!</p>
+
+<p>It will be said, and said truthfully too, that SIX AMERICANS FROM THE
+NORTH voted for <span class="smcap">Mr. Fuller</span>, of Pennsylvania. So they did; and in doing
+so, they voted for a sound national and conservative man. But did this
+justify <i>Southern</i> Democrats in <i>dodging</i> the question, and thereby
+electing a Black Republican Speaker? Gov. Aiken was the candidate of the
+<i>seven</i> Democrats&mdash;he was not the candidate of the <i>six</i> Americans!
+Democracy, moreover, had refused to vote for an American under any
+circumstances, and had, on the first day of the meeting of Congress,
+passed a resolution insulting the whole American party, in caucus! We
+would have seen them banished to the farthest verge of astronomical
+imagination, before we would have voted for any man that favored that
+insulting resolution!</p>
+
+<p>In 1847, by a <i>unanimous vote</i>, both branches of the Legislature of New
+Hampshire adopted resolutions denunciatory of the institution of
+slavery, and approving of the Wilmot Proviso. These resolutions were
+reported to the House, by the Representative from Hillsboro, the native
+town of <i>Gen. Pierce</i>, and were in the <i>handwriting</i> of Pierce!</p>
+
+<p>On the 2d of October, 1847, the Democratic Soft-Shells, who are now the
+supporters of Pierce's administration, and fill the offices<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> he has to
+dispose of in New York, held a State Convention, and declared their
+"<i>uncompromising hostility to slavery</i>" in a string of resolutions they
+adopted and ordered to be published.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th of February, 1848, a Democratic State Convention for New
+York convened at Utica, to appoint Delegates to the National Convention
+to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, at which a
+string of anti-Southern resolutions were adopted, denouncing "<i>slavery</i>
+or <i>involuntary servitude</i>," as repugnant to the genius of
+Republicanism.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th of July, 1848, the Democratic Soft-Shells held a
+mass-meeting in the park of New York, and, by way of making perfect
+their organization against General Cass, declared, by resolutions, their
+"<i>uncompromising hostility to slavery or involuntary servitude!</i>"</p>
+
+<p>On the 13th of September, 1848, a Democratic mass-meeting convened at
+Buffalo, in New York, and, in a general Abolition jubilee, adopted
+resolutions condemning and denouncing the institution of slavery!</p>
+
+<p>In 1852, while the contest was going on between Pierce and Scott, the
+<i>Washington Union</i> said, editorially:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"THE FREE-SOIL DEMOCRATIC LEADERS OF THE NORTH, ARE A REGULAR
+PORTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY; AND GENERAL PIERCE, IF
+ELECTED, WILL MAKE NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM AND THE REST OF
+THE DEMOCRACY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL PATRONAGE, AND IN
+THE SELECTION OF AGENTS FOR ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT!"</p></div>
+
+<p>The Black Republicans recently held a meeting in New York, at which
+<i>Benjamin F. Butler</i>, of "pious memory," and Van Buren Swartwout
+notoriety, presided! On his right hand sat, as Vice President of the
+meeting, <i>Moses H. Grinnell</i>, one of the Democratic "pipe-layers" of
+1840, whom this Van Buren Attorney-General Butler made efforts to send
+to the State prison! Another Vice President, gravely looking on, and
+arranged in dignified grandeur upon the stand, was John W. Edmonds,
+ex-"blanket contractor" in a large swindle, and a practical
+spiritual-rapper! A third and last Vice President was the notorious <i>Dr.
+Townsend</i>, the sarsaparilla man, who has not yet wound up his
+controversy with a man of the same name, as to who is the greatest
+rascal in the way of manufacturing this medicine!</p>
+
+<p>Among the other officers, secretaries, and prominent men in the meeting,
+was <i>C. A. Dana</i>, of the Tribune office, a <i>Fourierist</i>, who, at a
+public meeting on a former occasion, toasted "Horace Greeley, Charles
+Fourier, and Jesus Christ!" Prominent in the meeting was <i>C. A.
+Stetson</i>, of the Astor House, an <i>Amalgamationist</i>. Henry J. Raymond,
+the Abolition editor of the Times, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> <i>Rudolph Garrigue</i>, a noisy
+German Abolitionist, looked and acted as though they believed the
+salvation of the Union depended upon the success of the Republicans! A
+fellow who made frequent motions, an Irishman by the name of <i>McMorrow</i>,
+had served an apprenticeship of twelve months in the State prison, for
+breaking open a store after night! The principal speaker, who spoke for
+two hours on the subject of slavery, was the notorious <i>Bingham</i>, an
+itinerant Abolitionist from Ohio. It was a queer medley of men, parties,
+principles, and characters&mdash;two-thirds of all the active partisans in
+the meeting having held offices in the ranks of Democracy! And still,
+that party boasts of its Northern wing being sound upon the slavery
+question.</p>
+
+<p>And here is the resolution of the 8th of January <i>Democratic</i> Convention
+in Ohio, appointing delegates to the Cincinnati Pow-wow:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the people of Ohio now, as they have always
+done, look upon slavery as an evil, and unfavorable to the
+development of the spirit and practical benefits of free
+institutions; and that, entertaining these sentiments, they
+will at all times feel it to be their duty to use all power
+clearly given by the terms of the national compact, to prevent
+its increase, to mitigate, <i>and finally eradicate the evil</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>To show, just here, where Tennessee Democrats stand upon the infamous
+Wilmot Proviso question, we give the following extract from a recent
+number of the <i>Nashville Patriot</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">JAMES K. POLK,</p>
+
+<p>who, in 1847, approved the Oregon bill, which contained this
+odious and unconstitutional clause: next in order is</p>
+
+<p class="center">CAVE JOHNSON,</p>
+
+<p>now President of the Bank of Tennessee, who voted for the same
+bill which Mr. Polk sanctioned: next we have</p>
+
+<p class="center">AARON V. BROWN,</p>
+
+<p>an aspirant before the Cincinnati Convention, who did likewise:
+then comes</p>
+
+<p class="center">JULIUS W. BLACKWELL,</p>
+
+<p>a star whose light has been quenched in obscurity, but who
+voted with his colleagues for the Oregon bill in '47: next in
+the procession of Southern men "dangerous to the South" is</p>
+
+<p class="center">BARCLAY MARTIN,</p>
+
+<p>President Pierce's U. S. Mail Agent, who cast a similar vote:
+following him we have</p>
+
+<p class="center">LUCIEN B. CHASE,</p>
+
+<p>author of the History of the Polk Administration, at present a
+resident of New York city, but at the time he exhibited himself
+as "a dangerous man to the South," a representative in Congress
+from this State: he is succeeded by</p>
+
+<p class="center">FRED. P. STANTON,</p>
+
+<p>for ten years a Democratic Congressman from the Memphis
+district: he voted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> for the Oregon bill, with the Wilmot
+Proviso annexed: behind him in the march is</p>
+
+<p class="center">ALVAN CULLOM,</p>
+
+<p>a Democratic Congressman, who has squatted on the <i>other</i> side
+of one of his native mountains in the fourth district, and been
+quiescent for some years: he was one of the Tennessee
+"dangerous men:" he voted twice for the Wilmot Proviso: in the
+same category is</p>
+
+<p class="center">GEORGE W. JONES,</p>
+
+<p>in the language of another, the "goose which cackles at the
+door of the Treasury vault:" notorious as a Southern supporter
+of the Squatter Sovereignty doctrine, with two votes on record
+in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. He may be reckoned as <i>very</i>
+"dangerous to the South:" last, but not least in this dread
+array of "dangerous men," is</p>
+
+<p class="center">ANDREW JOHNSON,</p>
+
+<p>the present Governor of Tennessee, and Cincinnati aspirant: he
+voted <i>three</i> times for the Wilmot Proviso, and so doubtful are
+his doctrines on the slavery question, that many slaveholding
+members of his own party regard him as <i>extremely</i> "dangerous
+to the South."</p></div>
+
+<p>By the way, in 1842, this same <i>Gov. Johnson</i> was a Senator in our State
+Legislature, and introduced the following <i>Abolition</i> resolutions,
+commonly called his <i>White Basis System</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee</i>,
+That the basis to be observed in laying the State off into
+Congressional districts shall be the voting population, <span class="smcap">without
+any regard to three-fifths of the negro population</span>.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the 120,083 qualified voters shall be divided
+by eleven, and that each eleventh of the 120,083 of qualified
+voters shall be entitled to elect one member in the Congress of
+the United States, or so near as may be practicable without a
+division of counties."</p></div>
+
+<p>The position of Gov. Johnson is this: he wishes the State entitled to
+her slave representation <i>as a State</i>, but <i>in her own borders</i> the
+representative districts are to be made according to her white
+population! In other words, he desires the State to retain her <i>ten</i>
+Congressmen, representing both her white and slave population, but
+wishes them appointed throughout the State without regard to the slave
+population: so that the county containing ten thousand white
+inhabitants, and double that number of slaves, should be entitled to no
+more representation than the county containing <i>ten</i> thousand white
+inhabitants and no slaves!</p>
+
+<p>We heard Johnson last summer, in his debate with Gentry, in Campbell
+county, contend that the county of Campbell should have the same
+representation in Congress as the county of Shelby, which he stated had
+FIFTEEN THOUSAND NEGROES! He appealed to the prejudices and passions of
+the poor&mdash;inquired of the hard working-men of that county how they liked
+to see their wives and daughters <i>offset</i>, in enumerating the strength
+of the county, by the "<i>greasy negro wenches of Shelby, Davidson,
+Fayette,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> Sumner and Rutherford counties</i>." He made a real, stirring
+abolition appeal to the poor, and non-slaveholding portion of the crowd,
+which was in the proportion of <i>ten to one</i> of that county, to array
+them against the rich, and especially against the owners of large
+numbers of slaves. He told them that these Negro wenches belonged to the
+lordly slaveholders of Middle and West Tennessee, and that as our
+Constitution now is, these wenches were placed on an <i>equality</i> with the
+fair daughters and virtuous wives of laboring men. On this ground he
+advocated his infamous amendment to the Constitution, which would
+incorporate his "White Basis" scheme!</p>
+
+<p>This is a rank Abolition measure, and fraught with more danger to the
+South than any thing proposed by the whole brood of Abolitionists, Free
+Soilers, and Black Republicans at the North. Already the South is weak
+enough, and not at all able to vote with the North in our National
+Legislature. The effect of this scheme is to deprive the South of
+one-third of her strength in Congress. Not only is this the effect, but
+it is the design of the mover. We hold that Johnson is a Free Soiler,
+and has been for years. It is stated by his Northern Democratic friends,
+that when he quit Congress, he came home to run for Governor&mdash;with a
+determination, if defeated, to remove to some of the Northwestern
+States, and take a new start! Had he been defeated by Maj. Henry in
+1853, he would now be a Black Republican in one of the Free States,
+running for office! And yet the propagator of this infamous Abolition
+doctrine of a "White Basis" representation&mdash;this demagogue who arrays
+the poor against slaveholders, is the man for the ultra guardians of the
+slave interests of the South! A man who would not own negroes when he
+could, but loaned his money out at interest, and left his wife and
+daughters to do their own work&mdash;a man who is at heart and in his
+doctrines a rank Free Soiler&mdash;a man who has only remained in the South
+to <i>experiment</i> upon office-seeking! This is the man that Georgia,
+Alabama, Virginia, Mississippi, and Carolinas, rejoiced to see elected
+Governor of a Southern slave State!</p>
+
+<p>It was seeing the position of Johnson on this question that induced the
+"<i>Democratic Herald</i>" in Ohio, in June, 1855, thus to notice our race
+for Governor:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Tennessee.</span>&mdash;An animated contest is going on in this good old
+Democratic State for Governor, and the largest crowds flock to
+hear the candidates that ever attended political meetings since
+the Hero of New Orleans used to address the masses in person.
+The present incumbent, Andrew Johnson, is the Democratic
+candidate, and a <i>Mr. Gentry</i>, a <i>pro-slavery</i> renegade from
+the Federal Whig ranks, is the opposing candidate, brought out
+by a Know Nothing conclave. This man is on the stump abusing
+the Catholics, and denouncing them for their tyranny, while he
+openly advocates the <i>slavery doctrines of Southern Niggerdom</i>!
+On the other hand, his competitor, Gov.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> Johnson, well and
+favorably known to our leading Democrats of Ohio, HAS NO
+SYMPATHIES WITH SLAVERY, and is the advocate of such amendments
+to the Federal Constitution as will give all power to the
+people, and EFFECTUALLY PUT DOWN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY!"</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, this showing up of Democracy, on the Slavery question, may look
+<i>shabby</i> to many ultra Southern men, and it may induce them to charge
+that the Democratic party are <i>inconsistent</i>. We defend them against the
+charge of <i>inconsistency</i>, and maintain that what would be called
+<i>inconsistency</i> here, is nothing but <i>Democracy</i>. For instance, A. O. P.
+Q. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, the editor of the great official organ of
+Democracy at Washington, said, editorially, and "by authority," so late
+as 1855:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"IT IS NO PART OF THE CREED OF A DEMOCRAT, AS SUCH, TO ADVOCATE
+OR OPPOSE THE EXTENSION OF SLAVERY. HE MAY DO THE ONE OR THE
+OTHER, IN THE EXERCISE OF HIS RIGHTS AS A CITIZEN, AND NOT
+OFFEND AGAINST HIS DEMOCRATIC FEALTY!"</p></div>
+
+<p>Precisely so! A man may advocate the <i>abolition</i> of slavery where it
+exists; he may, as a Black Republican, arm himself with Sharpe's rifle,
+and go into Kansas, and shoot down pro-slavery men, and still be a
+consistent Democrat, if he vote for the party, and stand by the nominees
+of the party conventions! Hence, all the factions at home and from
+abroad&mdash;all religions&mdash;all the ends and odds of God's creation are now
+associated together, and are battling in the same unholy cause, in the
+name of <i>Democracy</i>!</p>
+
+<p>And further to exhibit the inconsistency of this Democratic and Foreign
+party, it will be recollected that, in 1844, they nominated <span class="smcap">Silas
+Wright</span>, of New York, for Vice-President, to run on the ticket with <span class="smcap">Col.
+Polk</span>&mdash;a position he declined, because he would not agree to be <i>second
+best</i> on the ticket. In a letter to <span class="smcap">James H. Titus, Esq.</span>, bearing date
+April 15, 1847, <span class="smcap">Mr. Wright</span> says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"If the question had been propounded to me at any period of my
+public life, Shall the arms of the Union be employed to
+conquer, or the money of the Union be used to purchase
+Territory now constitutionally free, for the purpose of
+planting Slavery upon it, I should have answered, No! And this
+answer to this question is the Wilmot Proviso, as I understand
+it. <i>I am surprised that any one should suppose me capable of
+entertaining any other opinion, or giving any other answer as
+to such a proposition.</i>"</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, if <span class="smcap">Silas Wright</span>, one of the great "Northern lights" of Democracy,
+held these sentiments in 1847, what must they have been in 1844, when
+that party sought to elevate him to the second office within the gift of
+the nation? But we are just reminded of what is said in "the law and the
+prophets," that is to say, "<i>It is no part of the creed of a Democrat</i>,
+<span class="smcap">as such</span>, <i>to advocate or oppose the extension of slavery!</i>" What a
+party!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig for Sept. 22, 1855.]</h4>
+
+<h2>TO REV. A. B. LONGSTREET,</h2>
+
+<h3>PROFESSOR OF METHODISM, ROMANISM, AND LOCOFOCOISM.</h3>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Reverend Sir</span>:&mdash;I see a <i>pastoral address</i> of yours, to "Methodist
+Know-Nothing Preachers," going the rounds of the Locofoco Foreign Sag
+Nicht papers of the South, occupying from four to six columns, according
+to the dimensions of the papers copying. I have waded through your
+learned address, and find it to be one of more ponderous magnitude than
+the Report made to the British House of Commons, by Lord North, on a
+subject of far greater interest! And as I am one of the class of men you
+address, notwithstanding your great advantage over me in point of age
+and experience; and as no one has made a <i>formal</i> response to your
+<i>pious warnings</i>, it will not be deemed insolent in me to take you up.</p>
+
+<p>My first acquaintance with you was in 1847, at an Annual Meeting of the
+Georgia Conference, held in Madison; and although the impressions made
+upon my mind by you, on that occasion, were any thing but favorable to
+you, as a man, still, I am capable, as I believe, of doing you justice.
+I supposed you then to be the rise of sixty years, certainly in your
+<i>dotage</i> and among the <i>vainest</i> old gentlemen I had ever met with. You
+obtained leave, as I understand, by your own seeking, to deliver a
+lecture to the Conference, upon the subject of <i>correctly reading and
+pronouncing the Scriptures</i>. I was in attendance, and listened to you
+with all the attention and impartiality I was capable of exercising. I
+thought it a little <i>presumptuous</i> for any one man to assume to teach
+more than one hundred able ministers how to read and pronounce the
+inspired writings; and the more so, when I knew that several of the
+number were presidents and professors in different male and female
+colleges, and that many others of them were graduates of the best
+literary institutions in the South. Still, my apology for you was, that
+you was a vain old gentleman, and that to listen to you, respectfully,
+was to obey the Divine teaching of one who has taught us to "bear the
+infirmities of the weak." Your <i>samples</i>, both of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> reading and
+pronunciation, were amusing and novel to me. And so far as I could
+gather the prevailing sentiment, it was, that to adopt your style would
+render the reading of the Scriptures perfectly ridiculous.</p>
+
+<p>In your address to "Methodist Know-Nothing Preachers," I discover that
+you are still the man you were at Madison, in 1847: you have a great
+deal to say about <i>yourself</i>, and make free use of the personal pronoun
+I! <i>I</i> advise&mdash;<i>I</i> believe&mdash;<i>I</i> am satisfied&mdash;<i>I</i> will not agree&mdash;<i>I</i>
+warn and caution&mdash;<i>I</i> fear, or <i>I</i> apprehend, etc. To parse the
+different sentences in your partisan harangue syntactically, little else
+is necessary but to understand the <i>first person singular</i>, and to
+repeat the rule as often as it occurs: a peculiarity which characterizes
+every paragraph in your labored address. Beside, the frequent use of the
+pronouns <i>I</i>, <i>me</i>, <i>my</i>, <i>mine</i>, etc., too frequently occur to be worth
+estimating. And it will be seen, upon examination, that not merely the
+verbiage, but the sentiment, is thus egotistic throughout, exhibiting a
+degree of arrogance and self-importance, only to be met with in a
+<i>Clerical Locofoco</i>, used by bad men for ignoble purposes. To carry out
+the idea of your <i>vanity</i>, you say in the winding up of your address:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"And now, brethren, have <i>I</i> or Mr. Wesley hit upon one good
+reason why you should not have joined the Know-Nothings? If
+either of <i>us</i> have, then <i>I</i> beseech you to come from among
+them. If <i>we</i> have not, there is yet another in reserve which,
+if it does not prevail will show&mdash;or prove to my satisfaction
+at least&mdash;that if <i>an angel from heaven</i> were to denounce your
+order, you would cleave to it still."</p></div>
+
+<p>Any other man but yourself would, from considerations of <i>modesty</i>, have
+given <span class="smcap">John Wesley</span> the preference, in this connection, and come in as
+<i>second best</i>. But no, you are <i>first in place</i>, and, in your own
+estimation, in <i>importance</i> likewise, as a religious teacher.</p>
+
+<p>I have no doubt you consider yourself a much greater man than John
+Wesley ever was; and in proof of this, I need only cite what you have
+said in reference to Mr. Wesley's opposition to Romanism:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Even good old John Wesley caught the spirit of the times, and
+wrote that letter, from which it appears he thought if the
+Catholics got into power, they would abuse Protestants. What
+abuse they could have heaped on them, greater than they heaped
+on Catholics, short of cutting their throats, I cannot
+conceive."</p></div>
+
+<p>The only superior you acknowledge is <span class="smcap">Cardinal Wiseman</span>, a bigoted Roman
+Catholic, and you seem to knock under to him quite reluctantly, and not
+without informing the public that you have been a laborious student for
+forty years, and "<i>a profound thinker</i>." Here is your praise:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I have been a pretty severe student for near forty years, and
+a laborious, if not <i>profound thinker</i> for a long time; but
+when I compare myself in intellectual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> stature with that man, I
+shrink in my own estimation to the insignificance of a mite."</p></div>
+
+<p>So much by way of noticing vanity. You are a literary and theological
+star of the first magnitude! You are an encyclopedia of the learning,
+science, patriotism, and religion of the country! Sir, if you possessed
+a little more <i>sheep-faced modesty</i>, and could exhibit a little less of
+<i>lion-headed impudence</i> than you do, you would be a much more useful,
+not to say successful minister of the New Testament!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, you have taken the field in opposition to Know-Nothingism,
+<i>professedly</i> through your deep and abiding concern for Christianity,
+and the interests of Methodism. You say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"You cannot surely be so weak as to suppose you can crush
+Romanism by Know-Nothing agencies; but you have almost ruined
+Methodism by them already.</p>
+
+<p>"Now the ruler of this nation is spoken evil of by your party
+continually, and therefore, in the judgment of Wesley, I might
+stand up in the pulpit and defend him."</p></div>
+
+<p>The truth is, you are influenced alone by partisan political feelings;
+and occupying a position in a Mississippi College, in the midst of
+Fire-eating Disunion Progressive Democracy, you desire to please them,
+rather than serve the interests of your country or Church. To take the
+stump, or the pulpit, in defence of <i>Frank Pierce</i> and his corrupt
+administration, would be a pleasant talk to you, who have been, all your
+life-time, an inveterate Locofoco in politics, and "a profound thinker"
+in favor of its iniquitous measures and principles. In your early
+political training, you have been swayed by interest and popular favor,
+and in most cases at the expense of truth, just as you now are, in your
+mad vindication of Romanism. A tool for others to work with, till you
+have found yourself in a condition to use such tools as you yourself
+have been, you are now a trimmer and weathercock, leading on men of less
+sense than yourself, to such distinction as interest and ambition may
+dictate!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, you take the ground, throughout, that there is no danger of
+Catholics in this country, and that they do not seek to establish their
+religion. Here is a specimen of your logic:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Thank God no religious sect can tyrannize over another in this
+country, so long as they all respect the Federal Constitution.
+Until we see, then, the Catholics treating that instrument with
+disrespect, it is madness to entertain fears of them and worse
+than madness to form combinations against them."</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, sir, the foregoing statement is untrue, and in making it you could
+not have been sincere. You are a man of too much sense, and of too much
+information, to believe what you are wickedly trying to palm upon
+others. Brownson's Quarterly Review,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> the most able, as well as the most
+authentic organ of Catholicism in the United States, employs the
+following language to the American people&mdash;mark it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>Are your free institutions infallible?</i> Are they founded on
+<i>Divine right</i>? This you deny. Is not the proper question for
+you to discuss, then, <i>not</i> whether the Papacy be or be not
+compatible with republican government, but whether <i>it be or be
+not founded in Divine right</i>? If the Papacy be founded in
+Divine right, it is supreme over whatever is founded only in
+human right, and then your institutions should be made to
+harmonize with it: not it with your institutions!!! The real
+question, then, is not the compatibility or the incompatibility
+of the Catholic Church with <i>democratic institutions</i>, but, Is
+the <i>Catholic Church the Church of God</i>?</p>
+
+<p>"Settle this question first. But in point of fact, <i>democracy
+is a mischievous dream, wherever the Catholic Church does not
+predominate</i>, to inspire the people with reverence, and to
+teach and accustom them to obedience to authority."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is still plainer language from the Roman Catholic Bishop of St.
+Louis:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian countries, as
+in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are
+Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part
+of the law of the land, they are punished as other crimes."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is what the <i>Boston Pilot</i> says, a Catholic paper of high standing:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>No good government can exist</i> without religion, and there can
+be no religion without an <i>inquisition</i>, which is wisely
+designed for the promotion and protection of the <i>true faith</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is the <i>Shepherd of the Valley</i>, published under the eye and with
+the approbation of the Bishop of St. Louis:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church is, of necessity, intolerant. Heresy she endures
+when and where she <i>must</i>; but she hates it, and directs all
+her energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an
+immense numerical majority, religious freedom in this country
+is <i>at an end</i>: so say our enemies&mdash;<i>so say we</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>And here is what the <i>Rambler</i> says, a devoted Catholic periodical, high
+in the confidence of the Bishops and Priests of that Church:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"You ask if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+in the minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+circumstances. If it would benefit the cause of Catholicism, he
+would tolerate you&mdash;if expedient, he would imprison you, banish
+you, fine you, probably he might even hang you; but, be assured
+of one thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+'glorious principles' of civil and religious liberty."</p></div>
+
+<p>I could give other quotations of this character, which have met your eye
+long since, but I forbear, as they would extend my letter beyond the
+limit I have prescribed for myself. These are the publications which, in
+part at least, have given rise to the Know-Nothing organization, so
+cordially hated by you.</p>
+
+<p>You say there is no danger of injury to our institutions from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> the rapid
+strides of Romanism. Allow me to ask your attention to the following
+remarkable political prediction by the Duke of Richmond, late
+Governor-General of Canada, and a British noble, who declared himself
+hostile to the United States on all occasions. Speaking of our
+Government, this deadly enemy said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It will be destroyed; it ought not, it will not be permitted
+to exist." "The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+his throne; and the <i>sovereigns of Europe are aware of it</i>; and
+they have <i>determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+to accomplish it</i>; and they will eventually succeed by
+SUBVERSION <i>rather than conquest</i>." "All the low and surplus
+population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+for soldiers, or to supply the navies; <i>and the governments of
+Europe will favor such a course</i>. This will create a surplus
+and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+and they will <i>bring with them their principles</i>; and in nine
+cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion; and will
+transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and, by
+the constitution and laws, will be invested with the right of
+suffrage." "Hence, <i>discord</i>, <i>dissension</i>, <i>anarchy and civil
+war will ensue</i>; and some popular individual will assume the
+government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+the emigrants, and many of the natives will sustain him." "The
+Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+destruction of that Republic." "I have <i>conversed with many of
+the sovereigns and princes of Europe, and they have unanimously
+expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+United States, and their determination to subvert it</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>But, sir, after eulogizing Catholics for their devotion to religious
+toleration in this country, you make two assertions, touching the
+Methodist Church, for which I wish to arraign you, and for which the
+authorities of said Church ought to arraign you, under that section of
+our Discipline which forbids <i>railing out against our Doctrines and
+Discipline</i>. You say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"And if I were to take the stump against you, I would say to
+the honest yeomanry of the country. 'Good people, if you think
+your liberties will be <i>any safer in the hands of Methodists
+than Catholics, you are vastly mistaken</i>.'</p>
+
+<p>"I would add, in humiliation but in candor, 'You have ten
+thousand times more to fear, just at this time, from
+Methodists, than Catholics; simply because the first are more
+numerous than the last, because the first are actually in the
+field for office, while the last are not.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>If you have this opinion of the Methodist Church, you cannot be an
+honest man and remain within her jurisdiction. You ought to leave her
+communion forthwith, and go over to Rome; and in doing this, you would
+<i>not have far to go</i>! Occupying the position you do, and holding the
+sentiments you do, I would not send a child to any school or college
+over which you might preside. Nor do I think any Protestant parent or
+guardian ought to patronize<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> any school under your care. Your influence,
+whatever you may possess, is against the Protestant faith, and in favor
+of Catholicism. In a word, you are a dangerous man in a Republican
+government.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the subject of religious toleration by the Catholics, you seem to
+have fallen into the same error adopted by the Hon. Mr. Stephens, of
+Georgia&mdash;a man for whom you have great regard now, but who, in the days
+of <i>Clay Whiggery</i>, was a stench in your Locofoco nostrils! Mr. Stephens
+made the assertion, in a public speech in Augusta, that "the Catholic
+Colony of Maryland, under Lord Baltimore, was the first to <i>establish</i>
+the principle of free toleration in religious worship." The Colony of
+Maryland was a Catholic Colony, and the "Toleration Act" was written by
+Lord Baltimore himself. That Act is dated 21st April, 1649, when Lord
+Baltimore was in the zenith of his glory. Here is the language of that
+"Act" of religious toleration:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Denying the Holy <i>Trinity</i> is to be punished with <i>death</i>, and
+confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary, (Lord
+Baltimore himself!). Persons using any reproachful words
+concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+Evangelists, to be fined &pound;5, or in default of payment to be
+publicly whipped and <i>imprisoned, at the pleasure</i> of his
+Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+Lieutenant-General." <i>See Laws of Maryland, at large, by T.
+Bacon</i>, A. D. 1765. 16 and 17 <i>Cecilius's Lord Baltimore</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>God deliver us from such toleration! <i>Death</i> was the penalty for
+expressing certain religious opinions, not acceptable to Lord Baltimore
+and the Holy Catholic Church! Fines and <i>whipping at the post</i> was the
+penalty for speaking against the image-worship of the Catholic Church.
+But I need not pursue this subject further: the <i>onus propandi</i> is on
+your side.</p>
+
+<p>Speaking of Mr. Wesley, you say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"If Wesley were alive, what would he think of your midnight
+plots, and open tirades against Papists? But a letter of his
+has been going the rounds of the newspapers, which the Know
+Nothings obviously think gives the sanction of that good man to
+their movement. Not so. Mr. Wesley was not the man to write as
+inconsistently as their version of this letter makes him
+write."</p></div>
+
+<p>Why, sir, Mr. Wesley goes much further in his political opposition to
+Roman Catholics than the American party have ever proposed to go. The
+American party say only that they will not vote for Catholics, or put
+them in office, because their principles are antagonistic to the spirit
+of Republican institutions. Mr. Wesley lays down the comprehensive, but
+<i>true doctrine</i>, in this very letter, that "<i>no government not Roman
+Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion</i>." And
+to show how fully and clearly he sustains this position, I quote from
+his letter at length. You will find the letter in Vol. 5, page 817, of
+Wesley's Miscellaneous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> Works, dated January 12th, 1780. It was
+originally addressed to the Dublin Freeman's Journal. Here is what Mr.
+Wesley says, in the very letter you seek to <i>deny out of</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I consider not whether the Romish religion is true or false:
+build nothing on one or the other supposition. Therefore, away
+with all your common-place declamation about intolerance and
+persecution for religion! Suppose every word of Pope Pius's
+creed to be true! Suppose the Council of Trent to have been
+infallible; yet I insist upon it that no government not Roman
+Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic
+persuasion.</p>
+
+<p>"I prove this by a plain argument&mdash;let him answer it that
+can&mdash;that no Roman Catholic does or can give security for his
+allegiance or peaceable behavior. I prove it thus: It is a
+Roman Catholic maxim, established not by private men, but by
+public council, that 'No faith is to be kept with heretics.'
+This has been openly avowed by the Council of Constance; but it
+has never been openly disclaimed. Whether private persons avow
+or disavow it, it is a fixed maxim of the Church of Rome. But
+as long as it is so, nothing can be more plain than that the
+members of that Church can give no reasonable security to any
+government for their allegiance and peaceable behavior.
+Therefore, they ought not to be tolerated by any government,
+Protestant, Mohammedan, or Pagan. You say, 'Nay, but they take
+an oath of allegiance.' True, five hundred oaths; but the
+maxim, 'No faith is to be kept with heretics,' sweeps them all
+away as a spider's web. So that still no governors that are not
+Roman Catholics can have any security of their allegiance.</p>
+
+<p>"Again, those who acknowledge the spiritual power of the Pope
+can give no security of their allegiance to any government; but
+all Roman Catholics acknowledge this: therefore they can give
+no security for their allegiance. The power of granting pardons
+for all sins&mdash;past, present, and to come&mdash;is, and has been for
+many centuries, one branch of his spiritual power. But those
+who acknowledge him to have this spiritual power can give no
+security for their allegiance, since they believe the Pope can
+pardon rebellion, high treason, and all other sins whatever.
+The power of dispensing with any promise, oath, or vow, is
+another branch of the spiritual power of the Pope: all who
+acknowledge his spiritual power must acknowledge this. But
+whoever acknowledges the dispensing power of the Pope, can give
+no security for his allegiance to any government. Oaths and
+promises are none: they are as light as air&mdash;a dispensation
+makes them null and void. Nay, not only the Pope, but even a
+priest has power to pardon sins! This is an essential doctrine
+of the Church of Rome. But they that acknowledge this, cannot
+possibly give any security for their allegiance to any
+government. Oaths are no security at all; for the priest can
+pardon both perjury and high treason. Setting their religion
+aside, it is plain that, upon principles of reason, no
+government ought to tolerate men who cannot give any security
+to that government for their allegiance and peaceful behavior.
+But this, no Romanist can do; not only while he holds that 'no
+faith is to be kept with heretics,' but so long as he
+acknowledges either priestly absolution, or the spiritual power
+of the Pope.</p>
+
+<p>"If any one pleases to answer this, and set his name, I shall
+probably reply. But the productions of anonymous writers I do
+not promise to take any notice of.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"I am, sir, your humble servant,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"JOHN WESLEY.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">City Road</span>, January 12, 1780."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>But, sir, you know as well as any living man that the history of the
+Church, from the days of the first Pope down to the iniquitous<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> reign of
+Pius IX., sustains Mr. Wesley in his views on this subject, and
+justifies the steps taken by the American party. Notwithstanding the
+oft-repeated profession of Catholic liberality and Romish toleration, so
+triumphantly paraded by you, and other interested aspirants and
+unprincipled demagogues, the Catholic Church has invariably shown
+herself to be destitute of both, whenever she had the opportunity of
+using them. Sir, <i>intolerance</i> is an element of her faith, and
+<i>persecution</i> a specimen of her piety; and no man knows it better than
+you do. In taking upon herself the obligation of "true obedience to the
+Pope," the Catholic Church imposes upon herself a task that proves
+beyond all doubt she cannot, under any circumstances, remain faithful to
+that obligation, and yet maintain "allegiance" to such a government as
+ours!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, I have no patience with a Protestant minister who stands forth as
+the apologist of Catholicism; nor have I any confidence in one who does
+it, provided he is a man of <i>intelligence</i>, as I admit you to be. The
+only excuse I can render for your strange and inconsistent conduct is,
+that you are in your dotage; that you are a violent old partisan; and
+that you are the tool of designing demagogues, infamous disunionists,
+and unmitigated repudiators. I shall not be at all surprised to hear
+that you have apostatized from the Methodist Church, and gone over to
+the Roman Catholics. I learn from the Little Rock Gazette, a Democratic
+paper, that but the other day, Gov. E. N. Carway, of Arkansas, a member
+of the Methodist Church, had actually apostatized from Methodism, and
+the Protestant faith, and united with the Roman Catholics. And what
+makes his defection from the faith of his fathers still more notorious,
+his organ is down upon the Protestant clergy in bitter and unrelenting
+denunciations! I believe that <i>you</i> are preparing to go over to the
+Roman Catholics; and to justify your change, when the time comes, you
+now assert, "in humiliation but in candor," you say, that the people
+"have <i>ten thousand times more</i> to fear from Methodists than from
+Catholics." If you believe this, you ought to leave the Methodist Church
+<i>instantly</i>, even without the formalities of a withdrawal or
+expulsion&mdash;even though you should be denied admittance into the Catholic
+Church! I deny that we have "<i>ten thousand times more to fear</i>" from the
+<i>Devil</i> than we have from the Catholics; and according to your argument,
+<i>the Methodists are worse than the Devil</i>! This, their most bitter
+revilers and enemies do not believe; and for obvious reasons. The
+Methodist Church has no St. Bartholomew's Day, with its rivers of blood
+staining her garments: she never indiscriminately slaughtered the
+Albigenses, or Waldenses, or Huguenots: she never established an
+infernal Inquisition: she never lit up the fires of Smithfield: never
+burned the Holy Bible, and prohibited, upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> pain of eternal death, the
+printing and circulating of God's word; and last, but not least, she has
+not sought to keep the people in ignorance. Wherever Methodism has been
+planted, the people have become great and happy. If you please, wherever
+<i>Protestantism</i> has prevailed, the people have been prosperous and
+happy. But look to Old Spain, Italy, the German Confederacies, Sardinia,
+Naples, Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Bavaria, Baden, South America, and
+Mexico, where Romanism is the established religion, and the places of
+her influence are a hissing and a by-word in the eyes of the civilized
+world! Protestantism has done more for the world in the last hundred
+years than the Roman Catholic Church has for the <i>eighteen hundred
+years</i>!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, the Puritans, of New England; the Hollanders, of New York; the
+Quakers, Lutherans, and German Reformed, of Pennsylvania; the Baptists,
+of Rhode Island; the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, of Virginia; the
+Lutherans and followers of Wesley and Whitefield, of Georgia; the
+Huguenots and Episcopalians, of the Carolinas; and the Seceders in
+several of the States, who were the religious pioneers of these States,
+were all Protestants and Know Nothings; and if they were living, they
+would be ashamed of you and your teachings. They selected this
+wilderness country as their home, in order that they might enjoy those
+religious privileges from which they had been debarred in the old world,
+by the very Church and people you are seeking to vindicate.</p>
+
+<p>But you will say, as you have done in substance, that this is no longer
+the characteristic of Romanism. Why is it not? Has she ever changed for
+the better? When did she renounce her doctrines and practices? Never!
+Rome is the same tyrannical system now, where she has the power, that
+she ever has been, and for ever must be. Wo to this land of ours, if
+ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her creed is the same here and now,
+in this respect, that it has everywhere been, and must always be. It is
+her boast that she is always right, and knows no change. She practices
+her unholy inquisitorial and Jesuitical doctrines in this country, as
+far as she can and dare act them out. Her whole system is adverse to our
+republican institutions and she hesitates not to declare it. She has
+publicly burned our Bible in different States in this Union, and
+recently, in New York and Pennsylvania. Archbishop Hughes, the Head of
+the Catholic Church in this country, has taken an oath, administered by
+the Pope of Rome, of which this is a part:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said Lord (the Pope)
+or his aforesaid successors, I will, to my utmost power,
+<i>persecute and wage war with</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Church of Rome declares all who are not its members to be heretics.
+It is painful, in view of all these things, to see an old Protestant
+minister, whose head has been withered by the frosts of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> seventy
+winters, openly in the field advocating a Church whose Bishops, Priests,
+and members are "drunken with the blood of saints."</p>
+
+<p>There is but one remaining feature of your singular address to Know
+Nothing Methodist Preachers to be replied to, and I am through. You
+assail the new party on the score of its <i>secrecy</i>, and of its
+<i>concealment</i> of its acts from the public. Had this objection come from
+any one but a Methodist Preacher, and a known advocate of
+<i>Class-meetings being held with closed doors</i>, I would now dispose of it
+without occupying as much space as I shall do in my concluding remarks!</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding all the <i>secrecy</i> in the new Order of Know Nothings has
+been set aside by the act of the National Council which created it; and
+notwithstanding our members tell all about their Councils, where and
+when they meet, and our orators read out and publish to the world our
+obligations, rules, and principles, it is still objected that ours is a
+secret Order, liable to be used for bad purposes; that we travel about
+with dark lanterns; that our proceedings are not restrained by the
+wholesome check of public opinion!</p>
+
+<p>Now, this, the great objection to our Order, comes from men who belong
+to Lodges of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, and who have taken all the
+<i>binding</i> oaths attached to the different <i>degrees</i> of these respective
+Orders! The same objection is urged against the American party, by men
+who belong to the Order of Sons of Temperance, who have deemed a <i>rigid
+secret organization</i> necessary to combat successfully a <i>domestic</i> evil!
+It is urged in bitterness against the Order, by demagogues and
+partisans, who have acted for years with the <i>secret political
+conclaves</i> of their respective parties, who have held their meetings
+with <i>closed doors</i>&mdash;kept their <i>places</i> of meeting a profound
+secret&mdash;and when they have adjourned, they have enjoined <i>secrecy</i> upon
+all present! Last, but not least, this <i>secret feature</i> is urged against
+the American organization by the vile apologists for the Catholic
+Church, and its corrupt Priesthood and membership, in this country.
+These demagogues know that the Roman Catholic Church is a <i>secret
+society</i>, directed by a talented, designing, and villainous
+HIERARCHY&mdash;absolutely controlled by an <i>anti</i>-Republican Priesthood, to
+a degree which has never been exercised by any political party in the
+known world! The <i>Confessional</i> is a secret tribunal, before which every
+member of that Church is required to make known, not only <i>immoral</i>
+actions, but every thought and purpose of the heart, and upon pain of
+incurring the anathema of the Church, which is equivalent to a sentence
+of eternal damnation! The corrupt order of <span class="smcap">Jesuits</span>, the infamous society
+of <span class="smcap">San Fedesti</span>, and the infinitely infernal society of <span class="smcap">Irish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> Ribbon
+Men</span>&mdash;these are all oath-bound societies of the Catholic Church,
+connected directly with the horrid operations of the "<i>Holy
+Inquisition</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Now, I put the question to any man of reason and common sense, if Roman
+Catholics and their <i>patriotic Democratic</i> admirers and advocates, in
+this country, are not the last men on earth who should object to the
+<i>secret</i> doings of the order of Know Nothings, even if their secrecy
+were kept up? Every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the
+absolute control of a secret society, by considerations not only of a
+<i>temporal</i>, but of an <span class="smcap">eternal weight</span>!</p>
+
+<p>But I am not done with these <i>Democratic</i> opposers of <span class="smcap">secrecy</span>. The
+Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, sat in
+the old State House in Philadelphia, <i>with closed doors, from the 25th
+of May to the 17th of September</i>, wanting only eight days of four
+months. That body of men had a Doorkeeper and Sergeant-at-arms, both
+under oath, to keep their doors barred, and all their proceedings a
+secret. So says Mr. Jefferson's biography! And such men as Washington,
+Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Harrison, Hancock, Hopkins, and
+others, composed that body! During the war of the Revolution, General
+Washington, Generals Lee, Wayne, Marion, and others, organized a <i>secret
+American Society</i>, with its branches extending from North to South,
+having their <i>passwords</i>, <i>signs</i>, and <i>grips</i>, and writing to each
+other in figures, and "an unknown tongue," as the Know Nothings have
+been doing, and all, too, with a view to oppose Foreign intrigues and
+oppressions! It is as well known as any political truth, that General
+<span class="smcap">Washington</span>, at the time of his death, was the <i>President</i> of the
+Cincinnati Society, a secret political society, in which, we see it
+stated on unquestionable authority, no man was eligible to membership
+unless he was a <i>native American</i>. The <i>Columbian Order</i>, known as the
+"<i>Tammany Society</i>," was a secret political society, and highly
+influential, and maintains its existence to this day, and without danger
+to the liberties of the country. Gen. <span class="smcap">Sam Houston</span> publishes to the world
+that himself and Gen. <span class="smcap">Jackson</span> were members of this Society. What say the
+<i>anti</i>-Americans to all these facts? Do they believe that Gen.
+Washington, or Jackson, would have united with any association or order
+not purely American? Would either have entered into any political
+league, when <i>secrecy</i> was enjoined, if he had not approved of the
+principle of secrecy in political associations? Never! From the
+characters of Washington and Jackson&mdash;the sacrifices they made for their
+country, united with their fervid patriotism, and their known preference
+for every thing <i>American</i>, I do not doubt for one moment, that if they
+were both now living, they would unite with the veritable Order of Know
+Nothings!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I believe the hand of God to be in this very movement, and as much in
+the <i>secrecy</i> of it, in the outset, as in any other feature. I regard
+the movement as one growing out of a great crisis in the affairs of our
+country, and a precursor of a sound, healthful, and vigorous
+nationality, and which will ultimately prevent the liberties of this
+country from being destroyed, by the machinations of such demagogues and
+factionists as now seek to <i>excuse</i> Romanism, and fellowship Foreign
+Pauperism. Secret societies are only dangerous to despots and tyrants,
+and history shows that these above all others have made war upon them.
+They have denounced and proscribed Masonry in every quarter of the
+globe, where they have had the power. The Pope, with the aid of his
+Cardinals, has crushed the ancient order of Free Masons in his
+dominions. There is not a Masonic Lodge in Italy. In our own country,
+not a single Catholic is to be found associated with the order of Free
+Masons; and why? Masonry is founded upon the Bible, and requires the
+reading of the Protestant Bible in all its Lodges, and this don't suit
+Romanism. We state these general and historical facts, without knowing
+any thing of our own knowledge of Masonry.</p>
+
+<p>In the young and growing city of Knoxville, it is within our own
+knowledge, that many of the Irish Catholics attached themselves to the
+Order of the Sons of Temperance, with a view, as they said, of throwing
+around them the wholesome restraints of the Order. On the first visit of
+a priest to the city, commonly called "Father Brown," these Irish
+Catholics began to drop off one by one, until not one of them is now in
+the Order, and most of those who were, are daily seen drunk in our
+streets. Indeed, some of them in withdrawing had the candor to
+acknowledge that the priest required them to do so! And why? Because, in
+all the Divisions of the Sons of Temperance here, we have the Protestant
+Scriptures read, and have Protestant prayers offered up. This don't suit
+the Church of Rome!</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">I have the honor to be, very truly and frankly,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+<h2>TO THE RIGHT REVEREND AARON V. BROWN, M. S.</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;I have received by mail a pamphlet copy of your "Letter to the
+Bishops, Elders, and <i>other</i> Ministers, Itinerant and <i>Local</i>, of the
+Methodist Episcopal Church South," covering twenty-eight octavo pages. I
+thank you for a copy of your <i>Pastoral</i> address; and I am happy to be
+able to <i>infer</i> from its teachings that you have made a profession of
+religion, before taking upon yourself "Holy Orders." I suppose the
+<i>time</i> of your conversion, you date back to the memorable period when
+you "saw sights" on Mount Pisgah, and had conferred on you the degree of
+<i>Modern Seer</i>, and entered upon the duties of "High Priest" of
+Democracy! As I am one of the parties addressed, and the customs of the
+Church and the country require a response to so grave a document, I have
+felt it incumbent upon me to perform the task. I may style this the
+<i>Last</i> epistle of Aaron, the Priest, and illustrious Chief of Foreign
+Catholic Sag Nicht Locofocoism!</p>
+
+<p>My first impulses were, upon reading your address, to call for your
+<i>credentials</i>, and to examine into your <i>authority</i> for assuming to
+dictate to the entire Ministry of the Southern portion of the Methodist
+Church. You must either enter the Ecclesiastical ring under the
+<i>imposition of the hands</i> of <span class="smcap">Bishop Soule</span> or <i>Andy Johnson</i>. If <span class="smcap">Bishop
+Soule</span> ordained you for the Ministry, and set you apart as the
+Lieutenant-General of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the
+presumption is that he examined you on doctrinal points, and upon all
+questions affecting the government of the Church, as was his duty, and
+is our custom, and that he found you orthodox! It follows, as a matter
+of course, that you renounced your heresy you advocated in the Hartford
+Convention, held at Nashville, and that you obtained forgiveness for
+that and numerous other "sins of omission and commission"&mdash;aye, for the
+whole catalogue of your inward and outward iniquities, which so
+<i>eminently</i> disqualified you for the work of the Ministry! But if <i>Andy
+Johnson</i> ordained you for the work, of which there is no sort of doubt,
+the Church South, through me, protests against your authority, and
+utterly refuses to submit to your teachings. Our Church does not agree
+with Johnson on the "White Basis" issue, or the great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> question of
+slavery; and in proof of this, I cite to the fact of her separation from
+the North, in 1844, upon this very question. She has within her bounds
+of communion, rich men and poor, educated and uneducated, and is
+unwilling to unite with him in arraying the poor against the rich, or
+the unlearned against the learned. Nor does our Church believe that
+Jesus Christ was a Locofoco, as Johnson asserts in his Inaugural, and
+held that Christianity and Democracy, in converging lines, led to the
+foot of Jacob's Ladder, and thence to heaven, <i>via</i> Mount Pisgah, from
+whose lofty summit you first beheld the promised land!</p>
+
+<p>It therefore follows, that, in presenting yourself as a spiritual leader
+in the Church, called to the work, as you have been, by <i>Andy Johnson</i>,
+your case is fully met by a quotation from Job:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present
+themselves before the Lord, and <i>Satan</i> came also among them."</p></div>
+
+<p>A second passage, from the Book of Jeremiah, meets your case, and leaves
+no doubt that the inspired Prophet had you in his eye:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceedingly proud,)
+his loftiness, and his <i>arrogance</i>, and his pride, and his
+haughtiness of heart.</p>
+
+<p>"I know his wrath, saith the Lord; but it shall not be so; his
+<i>lies</i> shall not so effect it."</p></div>
+
+<p>To be candid with you, Gov. Brown, I regard your address, under all the
+circumstances, as a display of the most brazen-faced assurance and the
+most unmitigated impudence I ever met with in my life! I have known for
+years that you were capable of great presumption, but in this insolent
+and dictatorial address you surpass <i>yourself</i>&mdash;you positively out-Herod
+Herod! In the whole history of the country, and of parties, I venture
+the assertion, that a parallel piece of impudence, and downright
+bold-faced assurance, cannot be pointed to, as the act of any partisan.
+It is really past all belief, if I had not your production before me.
+But more of this hereafter.</p>
+
+<p>Copies of your pamphlet were distributed through the aisles and seats of
+the Annual Conference room in Nashville, and have been sent all over the
+South, to members of other Conferences. Your <i>proof-sheet</i> was seen ten
+days before the meeting of the Middle Tennessee Conference, and your
+"work of faith and labor of love" was ready for distribution when the
+Conference first convened, but you held it back till the Conference was
+ready to adjourn, and to a period so late, that a reply, if one had been
+deemed necessary, could not be made. This was <i>cowardly</i>, and in keeping
+with your political tactics and code of morals. In saying that this was
+in keeping with your code of morals, I allude to the <i>Woodberry
+affair</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I shall now take up your address, Governor, and wade through its
+twenty-eight pages of double-distilled Sag Nichtism, sublimated
+impudence, and concealed advocacy of <i>Romanism</i>, mixed up with
+contradictions, false assertions, and glaring absurdities, as it is,
+from beginning to end. In the opening paragraph, you predicate your
+right to instruct the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+entire Church, South, upon the real or assumed fact, that you are "The
+son of a now sainted father, who for forty years ministered at your
+altars, the co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers, who,
+under Asbury and Coke, founded your Church in America!"</p>
+
+<p>Alas, that any "sainted Father" should be represented by so degenerate a
+son&mdash;an irreligious son&mdash;not a member of any Church&mdash;but having the
+hardihood, in the face of those who know the facts, to disguise himself
+in the priestly robes of a "sainted Father"&mdash;like an ass in a lion's
+skin, to <i>bray out</i> against better men than himself, or, like a wolf in
+sheep's clothing, to <i>steal into the fold</i>, where that Father was
+accustomed to minister in holy things, and with soft and honeyed words,
+and hypocritical teachings, and Satan-like misrepresentations, seek whom
+he may devour! You tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," that
+you really "approve" their "creed," and, what is still more
+soul-cheering, you have "witnessed their growth and progress for years,
+with the highest satisfaction." This is very <i>condescending</i> in the "son
+of a now sainted father!" It is quite flattering! But these "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," would receive all this with a greater
+degree of allowance, if they did not believe that your generous
+patronage, so lavishly bestowed upon them and their "creed," was
+prompted by a principle of which <i>selfishness</i> is the soul! They
+believe, and so express themselves in conversation, that your forced
+smile of approbation, your reluctant eulogy, have both been wrung from
+you, because you are a sycophantic partisan suitor for patronage, in the
+way of votes for your party. These Clergymen whom you address, think it
+a great pity that the "son of a now sainted father" should exhibit so
+much "satisfaction" at witnessing their prosperity, in <i>theory</i>, and
+manifest not one particle in <i>practice</i>. They think that you would be in
+your proper place, to be found among the <i>mourners</i>, instead of the
+<i>teachers</i> in their Church; and that it is high time, considering your
+age in life, and the extent of your iniquities, that you should be found
+upon your knees, in an altar full of fresh straw, at an old-fashioned
+Camp-Meeting, asking the pious to pray for you, and God, for the sake of
+the forty years labors of "a now sainted father," to have mercy upon
+you, and save your sinful old soul from that death that never dies.</p>
+
+<p>Why, Sir, the Devil himself would blush to perpetrate such an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> act of
+arrogance as you have done, in thus volunteering your advice to the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church. An old
+political party hack, who is not now, and never was, a member of any
+Church&mdash;an intriguing old sinner, who never even attends Church, and
+who, in this respect, shows that he neither fears God, respects the
+Christian Sabbath, nor "approves the creed" of any orthodox
+denomination, to be lecturing a numerous body of Clergymen, as to what
+they ought or ought not to do, it is the culmination of all that is
+called effrontery! The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, wish the <i>evidence</i> of your conversion to God, before
+they consent to obey you, as "having the rule over them." Your approval
+of their "creed," and the "satisfaction" with which you have witnessed
+their progress, is not sufficient to satisfy their doubting minds, as
+long as you continue to ride into Nashville on Sabbath, and retail
+political slang at the <span class="smcap">Inn</span>, or read Sag Nicht papers at the <i>Union
+Office</i>, to the neglect of the house of God, and the evil example set
+before young men, against the statute in such cases made and provided!
+We must, as Ministers, hear you relate your experience, in a regular
+class-meeting. Nay, more, knowing your <i>raising</i>, and your ability to
+"deceive, even the very elect," we must see you down upon your
+marrow-bones, surrounded by noisy and zealous officials, pounding you on
+the back, and exclaiming, as in the days of your "sainted father," <i>Pray
+on, Aaron</i>! We must hear you <i>groan</i>&mdash;we must see your sinful old bosom
+<i>heave</i>&mdash;we must witness the falling of <i>big tears</i>, as you publicly
+confess and manfully repent of your misdeeds&mdash;of the whole catalogue, of
+all the inward and outward iniquities of your past life&mdash;your sins of
+omission and commission, which God knows are more numerous than the
+hairs upon your old sinful head! I say we must see all this, and even
+more, before we can have faith in your teachings, as big as even a grain
+of mustard seed!</p>
+
+<p>But you are the "son of a now sainted father"&mdash;you derive great
+"satisfaction" from the "growth and progress" of Methodism&mdash;you
+"approve" the Methodist "creed"&mdash;and hence, a glorious future awaits the
+Methodist Church: <i>provided</i> always, that her "Bishops, Elders, and
+other Ministers" hearken to and obey your teachings, a thing they are
+very certain not to do, in the matter under consideration. It is a
+melancholy fact, that many of the sons of Methodist, and other
+Ministers, are very wicked and unpromising men; and it is equally true,
+and certainly notorious, that where they turn out to be sinners, they
+are sinners above all offenders, dwelling either at Jerusalem or
+elsewhere! I have no hesitancy in pronouncing you as <i>hard a case</i>, in a
+moral point of view, as ever came before the Church, and the only
+appropriate reply her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> ecclesiastical dignitaries can make to your
+address, is to appoint a day of fasting and prayer to God, for your
+conversion, to be observed throughout her borders. I now, as the
+appointed organ of the Church, set apart the first day of January, 1856,
+and I pray you, as one desiring the salvation of your soul, to be in the
+spirit and in a proper frame of mind on that day! Humble yourself before
+God&mdash;tell him that you were in error in stealing the livery of Heaven to
+serve the Devil in! Tell him that you are an old worn-out political
+hack&mdash;that you have grown gray in the service of sin&mdash;that during the
+whole of a somewhat eventful life, your labors have been in the dirtiest
+pools of party politics&mdash;that you have been insincere and unscrupulous
+in all your teachings and acts&mdash;that you stand before the people of
+Tennessee publicly branded by <i>eight</i> respectable and reliable citizens
+of Wilson county, as a <i>falsifier</i> in the Know Nothing controversy of
+the past summer&mdash;and that you are sorry for having come forth steeped to
+the nose and chin in political profligacy, to lecture grave Clergymen
+upon subjects you ought to set at their feet and learn lessons about!
+Tell your God, what he doubtless knows, that though the "son of a now
+sainted father," you are as full of devils as ever Mary Magdalene
+was&mdash;that like the "Imps of Sin," in Milton, these "yelp all around"
+you&mdash;that this is no reflection upon a "now sainted father," whose
+seeming neglect of your early training grew out of his continual absence
+from home, as is the case with most Methodist Preachers,&mdash;aye, tell your
+God, that once out of this scrape, you will never be caught in another
+of the kind! You say,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"From the foundation of our government, it has been a conceded
+and settled doctrine, that the various religious denominations
+should not, as such, intermeddle with the political contests of
+the day. No instance is now remembered where they have done
+so!"</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a remarkable sentence, and partakes of the nature of your Wilson
+county assertions! The history of the Church, and of the world,
+contradicts every word of the foregoing, and demonstrates that the
+"settled doctrine" of the Catholic Church, has ever been, as it still
+is, to "intermeddle with the political contests of the day." I will
+trouble you with two instances in which "religious denominations, as
+such," have been guilty of what you deny. The Albany (N. Y.) State
+Register, a paper which usually does not say what it cannot maintain,
+states that <span class="smcap">Archbishop Hughes</span> has issued a mandate, <i>commanding</i> all
+Catholics in the Albany District, in the exciting State election now
+coming off, to cast their votes for Mr. Crosby for the Senate. But Roman
+Catholics, you falsely tell us, never "intermeddle with the political
+contests of the day:" O no!</p>
+
+<p>The other "instance now remembered," is the one in which you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> were a
+candidate for a seat in the Legislature of Tennessee, in the county of
+Giles: this was, according to my recollection, in 1831, or a quarter of
+a century ago. At that time, there was a small Manual Labor School in
+Giles, which had been incorporated by the Legislature, and at the head
+of which was a <i>Presbyterian</i>. The gentleman who ran against you, if not
+a member of the Presbyterian Church, "approved" their "creed," and
+"witnessed their growth and progress for years with the highest
+satisfaction." <i>You</i> charged upon the stump that the Presbyterians were
+seeking to establish their religion by law, to unite Church and
+State&mdash;appealed to the Methodist and Baptist to put them down by
+electing you, with a promise that you would check their march by
+counter-legislation&mdash;and you were elected upon this issue. At the same
+time, as the oldest inhabitants of Giles know, there were not fifty
+Presbyterians in the county! But "no instance is remembered" in which
+one sect has intermeddled with another&mdash;O no! You say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In the mutations of parties in this country, a new one has
+lately arisen, to which, I apprehend, more of the Methodist
+ministers have attached themselves, at least in the State of
+Tennessee, than might have been expected. This party, known as
+the Know Nothings, is so <i>peculiar</i> in its organization, that
+it seems strange to me that any minister or professor of
+religion should be willing longer to continue in it."</p></div>
+
+<p>Your apprehensions are well-founded, when you suppose that a very large
+proportion of the Methodist ministers in Tennessee are either members of
+this new party or sympathize with it. And, sir, more of the ministers of
+other denominations than you seem to be aware of, have either attached
+themselves to this party, "in the mutations of parties," or act with it,
+and endorse its aims and objects, than you have yet dreamed of! And "it
+seems strange" to these ministers, and thousands of the purest and best
+laymen in the Protestant ranks, "that any minister or professor of
+religion should be willing longer" to oppose the principles of this
+party, or array themselves under the black flag of Papal Rome, and of
+the pauper emigrants with whom she is flooding our land! But, sir, the
+object of your Address is, to persuade if you can, and if not, <i>to
+drive</i>, by motives of fear, the Clergy of the Methodist Church from
+their position on this great American and Protestant question. Alas, how
+little does the "son of a sainted father" understand the material he
+attempts to work upon! Methodist ministers are free men, the equals of
+other moral and upright men in heroic virtues, and far in advance of
+that of politicians in Tennessee who believe parties in religion, as in
+politics, are only "held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder," and who assume to direct public opinion from a principle, of
+which <i>selfishness</i> is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end!
+Sir, the violence, bitterness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> and the very inflammatory tone, not to
+say language, of your Gallatin, Lebanon, and Columbia speeches, are
+enough, it seems to me, to <i>nauseate</i> every good and conservative
+citizen, and to disgust every "Bishop, Elder, and other Ministers,
+Itinerant and Local, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South." Even in
+this Address, you insult these ministers on every page. I see not how
+any preacher, with a true Protestant and American heart in him, can read
+this address of yours through, without rising up from his seat and
+saying: "I have voted with this Anti-Protestant and Anti-American party
+for the last time."</p>
+
+<p>In warning Methodist ministers to withdraw their sanction and
+approbation of Know Nothingism, you say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I therefore call upon them this day to come out of these
+lodges, and never return to them: at all events, never return
+to them until all <i>secrecy</i>, all their bits of red paper,
+(indicating <i>blood</i>, even by the selection of color,) all their
+signs and signals, are utterly abolished and dispensed with. I
+call upon them to do this, and to do it forthwith&mdash;by their
+hopes of heaven&mdash;by their obedience to the word of God&mdash;by
+their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their
+country&mdash;to come out from any party which has adopted a mode
+and plan of organization so fatal to the peace of society, and
+the progress of true religion."</p></div>
+
+<p>What egotism! <i>You</i> call upon them! You make a freer use of the personal
+pronoun <i>I</i>, than even old Parson Longstreet, the Know Nothing slayer of
+Mississippi. To parse your different sentences syntactically, nothing
+else is necessary but to understand the first person singular, and to
+repeat the rule. Not only your verbiage but your sentiment is thus
+egotistic throughout!</p>
+
+<p>Your appeal to the ministers to come out of this organization, on the
+ground of its <i>secrecy</i>, is a species of demagoguism, the more
+disgusting when it is considered that you are a <i>Free Mason</i>, and have,
+by all the arts and blandishment of your nature, sought to induce
+ministers to go into that organization. But, then, there is no violation
+of law or the Constitution in <i>Masonry</i>&mdash;"fatal to the peace of society
+and to the progress of true religion"&mdash;no, nothing! Understand me: I am
+not opposed to Masonry.</p>
+
+<p>On this subject of the Romish creed, which you excuse, and even
+<i>advocate</i>, you admit that there are "<i>alleged</i> abuses," which have
+prompted the Protestant Churches to unite themselves with this new
+Order! Then you insultingly tell these Churches this tale:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"But they ought to have remembered, that even a virtuous
+indignation can never justify <i>proscription and persecution</i>:
+these bring no remedy to the real or supposed evils, but are
+sure to increase and aggravate them. These errors in faith, and
+abominations in practice, if they really exist, were known to
+the Wesleys, and Cokes, and Asburys, who founded your Church:
+to the Lees, the Bruces, the Capers, the Logan Douglasses, the
+Summerfields, and the Bascoms, who subsequently extended and
+adorned it. But they never proposed to kindle, in this
+enlightened age of Christianity, the consuming fires of
+<span class="smcap">religious persecution</span>."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Now, sir, every distinguished "founder" of the Methodist Church you have
+named, from <span class="smcap">Wesley</span> to <span class="smcap">Bascom</span>, has written and preached against the
+"errors in faith, and abominations in practice," of the Romish Church,
+and they each and all have taken this very ground upon the religious
+issues. I have heard <i>three</i> of these men preach, and I am familiar with
+the writings of the rest, and know whereof I speak.</p>
+
+<p>You <i>intentionally</i> deceive and misrepresent the American party, when
+you charge that they seek to proscribe one class of our citizens&mdash;that
+they desire to interfere with the rights of conscience&mdash;and to say <i>how</i>
+men should worship God. Why don't you inform your readers that
+Archbishop Hughes, and other Catholic Bishops, were the first to
+introduce religion into political discussion in this country? This would
+not suit your purposes&mdash;it suits your objects, taste, and inclination
+better, to slander the American party by wholesale, and to charge upon
+its members the atrocities committed by your foreign and pauper allies.
+We only choose to vote against them, and to vote for American-born
+citizens and Protestants: which is as much our <i>right</i>, as it is the
+right of these foreign Catholics to vote against and proscribe American
+Protestants. For this, you and your villainous associates exhaust the
+whole vocabulary of Billingsgate upon the American party. What is their
+offence? Why, they simply place certain questions before persons
+desiring to act with them, which they think, at least, may affect the
+national welfare, and before the people of the Union, and ask their
+opinion of these questions at the ballot-box. The American party has
+always denied, and I again reiterate the denial, that we do, at all
+proscribe, or in any way interfere with, any class of our foreign
+citizens, save that we propose to send <i>convicts</i> from European prisons
+back to their own native and infamous dens, as fast as they land
+here&mdash;but these are not <i>citizens</i> of ours. I appeal to our Platform,
+and our Book of Constitutions, and I offer to any man a handsome
+reward&mdash;any man who will produce in either a statement containing the
+proscription you falsely charge against us. I now say, Gov. Brown,
+either do this, or cease your empty vaporing against the <i>proscriptive</i>
+features of our system, as you are pleased to style it. You declaim most
+lustily in favor of religious liberty for Catholics, which you know we
+do not propose as a party to interfere with; and this you plead for at
+the altar of Methodist "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," who know
+there is no religious liberty for Protestants where Catholics have the
+power to prevent it! You plead in the most plaintive tones for the
+rights of foreign Catholics to be sworn into good citizens in less than
+<i>one year</i> after they land here, but do not seem to remember the
+American Protestant wives and children, who have to subsist on charity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+during our severe winters, in consequence of their husbands and fathers
+being elbowed out of employment by the competition of foreign pauper
+laborers!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, the American party, if in power, would put a stop to that
+proscription from office that has always characterized the party with
+which you act, and which has made the present Administration so very and
+so justly odious to the country. Proscription, indeed! Was there ever
+such <i>glaring</i> and <i>actual</i> proscription for the sake of religious and
+political creeds committed as by the present Administration? The
+infamous Sag Nicht party with which you act, and of which you are a
+leader and a High Priest, though the "son of a now sainted father," has
+applied the political guillotine to almost every man in office who has
+dared to differ with them in their high estimate of foreign paupers and
+Catholic vagabonds, in many instances turning out native-born
+Protestants, and filling their places with foreign Catholics. And yet,
+with a degree of effrontery that throws the Devil far into the shade,
+you turn round and charge the American party with proscription, and ask
+the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church, "by
+their hopes of heaven&mdash;by their obedience to the word of God&mdash;and by
+their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their country," to come
+out from a party so proscriptive! Why, sir, you out-Herod old Herod
+himself! Your teachings contrasted with your practice, would cause a
+crimsoned negative to settle on the cheeks of old Pilate! And still you
+are the "son of a now sainted father"&mdash;you "approve" the "creed" of
+Methodism, and have "witnessed its growth and prosperity for years, with
+the highest satisfaction!"</p>
+
+<p>You quote from the Declaration of Independence, to show that toleration
+should be extended to Catholics and foreigners, and then insultingly
+add, as if you supposed no Methodist minister had ever perused the
+writings of Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"These are the words of Mr. Jefferson, but the immortal
+sentiment springs directly from the word of the living and true
+God. No: persecution at the stake, or by exclusion of Catholics
+from office, is not the weapon to be wielded by the Protestant
+Churches."</p></div>
+
+<p><i>You</i> know that the notes of warning given to his countrymen by the sage
+of Monticello, and the great APOSTLE of American Democracy, are in
+harmony with the doctrines of the Know Nothing party. But you choose to
+conceal this fact from the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, in the vain hope that their numerous pressing and
+official engagements will not allow them time to look up the documents.
+In Mr. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, written in 1781, and published in
+1794, pages 124-5, I find the following <i>Know Nothing doctrine</i>:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"But are there no inconveniences to be thrown into the scale
+against the advantage expected from a multiplication of numbers
+by the importation of foreigners? It is for the happiness of
+those united in society to harmonize, as much as possible, in
+matters which they must of necessity transact together. Civil
+government being the sole object of forming societies, its
+administration must be conducted by common consent. Every
+species of government has specific principles. Ours, perhaps,
+are more peculiar than those of any other in the universe. It
+is a composition of the freest principles of the English
+constitution, with others derived from natural right and
+natural reason. To these nothing can be more opposed than the
+maxims of absolute monarchs. Yet <i>from such we are to expect
+the greatest number of immigrants</i>. They will bring with them
+the <i>principles of the government they leave, imbibed in early
+youth</i>: or, if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange
+for an <i>unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from
+one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop
+precisely at the point of temperate liberty</i>. These principles,
+with their language, they will transmit to their children. In
+proportion with their numbers, they will share with us the
+legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and
+bias its directions, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent,
+distracted mass. <i>I may appeal to experience during the present
+contest for a verification of these conjectures.</i> But if they
+be not certain in event, are they not possible? are they not
+probable? Is it not safer to wait with patience twenty-seven
+years and three months longer for the attainment of every
+degree of population desired or expected? May not our
+government be more homogeneous, more peaceable, more durable?"</p></div>
+
+<p>Again, Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>, whilst our Minister to the Court of St. Cloud,
+addressed a letter to <span class="smcap">John Jay</span>, dated November 14, 1788, in which he
+uses this language:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"With respect to the <i>Consular</i> appointments, it is a duty on
+me to add some observations, which my situation here has
+enabled me to make. I think it was in the spring of 1784, that
+Congress (harassed by multiplied applications from foreigners,
+of whom nothing was known but on their information, or on that
+of others as unknown as themselves) came to the resolution that
+the interest of America would not permit the naming of any
+person, not a citizen, to the office of Consul, or Agent, or
+Commissary. <i>Native citizens, on several valuable accounts, are
+preferable to aliens, or citizens alien-born.</i> Native citizens
+possess our language, know our laws, customs and commerce, have
+general acquaintance in the United States, give better
+satisfaction, <i>and are more to be relied on in a point of
+fidelity</i>. To avail ourselves of our native citizens, it
+appears to me advisable to <i>declare, by standing law</i>, that no
+person but a native citizen shall be capable of the office of
+Consul. This was the rule of 1784, restraining the office of
+Consul to native citizens."</p></div>
+
+<p>In 1797, Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span> drafted a petition to the Legislature of
+Virginia, on behalf of the citizens of Amherst, Albemarle, Fluvana, and
+Gouchland Bounties, in which he uses the following language:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Your petitioners further submit to the two Houses of Assembly,
+whether the safety of the citizens of this Commonwealth, in
+their persons, their property, their laws and government, does
+not require that the capacity to act in the important office of
+<i>Juror, Grand or Petty, civil or criminal</i>, should not be
+restrained in future to native citizens, or such as were
+citizens at the date of the Treaty of Peace which closed our
+revolutionary war; and whether ignorance of our laws, and
+natural partiality to the countries of their birth, are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> not
+reasonable causes for declaring this to be one of their rights
+incommunicable in future to adopted citizens."&mdash;<i>Jefferson's
+Writings, Vol. IX., page 453.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>Now, Sir, answer me in candor, are you not ashamed of having quoted Mr.
+<span class="smcap">Jefferson</span>, and of having so basely misrepresented his position on this
+great American question? Did not Mr. <span class="smcap">Jefferson</span> propose to carry his
+opposition to foreigners much farther than the American party now do?</p>
+
+<p>But, you vile old demagogue, though "son of a now sainted father," I am
+determined you shall not escape the indignant powers of those "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," whom you have wickedly sought to deceive.
+It is known to you, and to the world, in what veneration all American
+Democrats hold the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and '99, and the fame of
+Mr. <span class="smcap">Madison</span>, who was the ruling spirit of that session of the
+Legislature. That Legislature passed the following Resolution, which you
+may find by consulting Henning's Statutes at Large, Vol. 2, New Series,
+page 194:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"That the General Assembly, nevertheless, concurring in opinion
+with the Legislature of Massachusetts that every Constitutional
+barrier should be opposed to the introduction of foreign
+influence into our National Councils,&mdash;<i>Resolved</i>, That the
+Constitution ought to be so amended that <i>no foreigner, who
+shall have acquired the right, under our Constitution and laws,
+at the time of making the amendment, shall hereafter be
+eligible to the office of Senator or Representative</i>, in
+Congress of the United States, nor to <i>any office in the
+Judiciary or Executive</i>. Agreed to by the Senate, Jan. 16,
+1799."</p></div>
+
+<p>I shall next consider two extracts from your Address, under one general
+head, relating to the <i>temporal</i> power of the Pope. You say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"But the genius of sophistry may fly to the rescue of
+Know-Nothingism, by pretending that it is not on account of
+<i>his religion</i> that the Catholic is to be excluded from office,
+but because he is subjected, not merely to the spiritual but
+the <i>temporal dominion</i> or jurisdiction of the Pope. No error
+has been wider spread than this."</p></div>
+
+<p>Again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A late distinguished Senator from Georgia, (Mr. Berrien,) in a
+recent address to the public, has copied a letter of Mr.
+Wesley, which may require a few observations. That letter was
+dated in January, 1780. All its conclusions were founded on the
+<span class="smcap">assumed and popular opinion</span> of that day, that the Pope <i>did</i>
+claim a civil jurisdiction beyond his own dominions&mdash;that he
+<i>could</i> absolve the subjects of other governments from their
+oaths of allegiance, and <i>that there was</i> a principle in one of
+the tenets of that Church, that Catholics were justified in not
+keeping faith with heretics. Against these <span class="smcap">assumed and popular
+opinions</span>, the Catholics of England in that day, as they now do
+in this country, were solemnly protesting."</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a modest way of giving Mr. Wesley the <i>lie</i>, but it is
+nevertheless quite <i>direct</i>, and is the more surprising, as it comes
+from the "son of a now sainted father," who was a follower of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> Wesley, a
+"co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers" he was
+instrumental in starting out into the world&mdash;aye, the son of a "father
+who, for forty years, ministered at the altars" this same Wesley
+erected! In holding up John Wesley as the <i>vile calumniator</i> of the
+Catholic Church in England, it is well enough, Governor, to be modest
+about it, and cautious in the selection of your words, as you are
+addressing a class of men who believe in John Wesley, as a faithful man
+of God, and one incapable of misrepresenting the Catholics of England,
+the Pope of Rome, or any other sect or individual! John Wesley
+ministered at the sacred altars of religion for more than sixty years;
+he had with him the power of God, and the witness that he pleased Him;
+and the last words he uttered, with his hands clasped, and his eyes
+raised toward heaven, were these: "<i>The best of all is, God is with
+us!</i>" And yet the sons and grandsons in the gospel, of this venerated
+and sainted man of God, are insulted in Tennessee, by being told by an
+<i>impertinent old sinner</i>, and a <i>vile old party hack</i>, that he was A
+LIAR, while living, and the <i>slanderer of the Catholic Church</i>, now that
+he is no more! If Mr. Wesley "<i>assumed</i>" falsehoods in reference to the
+Romish Church in England, he either did it in <i>ignorance</i>, or with <i>a
+guilty knowledge</i> of the fact. He was a man of too much learning and
+information for his friends to get him out of such an indictment under a
+plea of ignorance. He is therefore, though dead, <span class="smcap">a wilful liar</span>,
+according to "Ex-Gov. A. V. Brown," for the Governor goes on to argue
+the cause against him, and, on page 19 of his address, quotes <i>Catholic</i>
+authority to <i>prove</i> him a liar! Shame on the "son of a now sainted
+father," and on the <i>holy seer of Pisgah</i>! O! Aaron, thou priest of
+corrupt Democracy, you need not endeavor to gull "bishops, elders, and
+other ministers," with your <i>whining cant</i>, while you thus traduce their
+great spiritual head, who, under God, taught them the lessons of
+salvation!</p>
+
+<p>Gov. Brown, go with me, as one of the admirers of John Wesley, to the
+humble dwellings of the miners of Cornwall, to the homely tents of the
+colliers of Kingswood and Newcastle, and to the equally humble workshops
+of the manufacturers of Yorkshire, in England, who are rejoicing in God
+their Saviour that a Wesley was ever born into the world, and ask them
+if they believe him capable of slandering the Catholics! Go with me
+among the backwoodsmen of North America, and examine them in their lone
+tents&mdash;go among the honest and virtuous settlers on our Western
+frontiers, amid the interminable forests of the far off West, whose
+thousands are brought into the fold of Christ, through the
+instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, and ask them if they think the
+founder of their Church was <i>a wilful liar</i>!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Go with me to the rich pastures and luxuriant harvest-fields of your own
+native Middle Tennessee: enter the neat cottages and stately mansions of
+that glorious division of our State, and ask the intelligent and
+educated females, who are rejoicing in God, in hope of future and
+eternal life, through the prayers and sermons of Wesleyan ministers, as
+instruments in the hands of God, if they believe the founder of their
+Church was <i>a wicked calumniator</i>! Go to the islands of the sea, to the
+burning sands of Africa, and ask the benighted converts from heathenism,
+through the instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, if they believe the
+venerable founder of their Church was a man of truth!</p>
+
+<p>Enter the dwellings of the rich and fashionable planters of the
+South&mdash;ride around their sugar and cotton plantations, among the sable
+sons and daughters of Africa, and witness the blessed fruits of the
+pious life, Christian integrity, and triumphant death of John Wesley!
+Come over to East Tennessee, Governor, and enter the log-cabins of the
+virtuous, happy peasantry of the "hill country," and ask them whether
+they believe Mr. Wesley or your Catholic authorities, touching the
+temporal power of the Pope of Rome!</p>
+
+<p>Alas! Gov. Brown, the Reformation dawned with <span class="smcap">Luther</span> in Germany, but the
+sun of its glory rose with Methodism in England; the first streaks of
+<i>Protestant</i> light were seen on the horizon of the sixteenth century,
+but the meridian sun of the Reformation dawned in all his brightness on
+the Wesleys and Whitefield! But America has been the land of the glory
+and triumph of the doctrines of the man you labor to convict of the
+awful sin of lying!</p>
+
+<p>But you deny that the Pope of Rome, in <i>temporal</i> matters, claims what
+Mr. Wesley attributed to him in the letter copied by Senator Berrien.
+You also deny that the Popes claim and have exercised the right to
+interfere with matters of government, and the right to absolve their
+followers in other countries, and under other governments, from their
+allegiance to such rulers and governments. I will proceed to vindicate
+Mr. Wesley, and, by the proof, saddle the lie on you! Whilst John was
+King of England, he had the "Magna Charta," the great charter securing,
+among other things, the right of trial by jury, wrung from him at the
+point of the bayonet. This great charter was annulled by Pope Innocent.
+Here is the proof:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"While the king was employed in the siege of Rochester, he
+received the pleasing intelligence, that according to his
+request the charter had been annulled by the pontiff. Innocent,
+enumerating the grounds of his judgment, insists strongly on
+the violence employed by the barons. If they really felt
+themselves aggrieved, they ought, he observes, to have accepted
+the offer of redress by due course of law. They had preferred,
+however, to break the oath of fealty, which they had taken, and
+had appointed themselves judges to sit upon their lord. They
+knew, moreover, that John had enrolled himself<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> among the
+crusaders; and yet they had not scrupled to violate the
+privileges which all Christian nations had granted to the
+champions of the cross. Lastly, England was become the fief of
+the holy see; and they could not be ignorant that if the king
+had the will, he had not at least the power, to give away the
+rights of the crown, without the consent of his feudal
+superior. He was therefore bound to annul the concessions which
+had been extorted from John, as having been obtained in
+contempt of the holy see, to the degradation of royalty, the
+disgrace of the nation, and to the impediment of the crusade.
+At the same time he wrote to the barons, re-stating his
+reasons, exhorting them to submit, requesting them to lay their
+claims before him in the council to be held at Rome; and
+promising that he would induce the king to consent to whatever
+might be deemed just or reasonable, to take care that all
+grievances should be abolished, that the crown should be
+content with its just rights, and the clergy and people should
+enjoy their ancient liberties."&mdash;<i>Lingard's History of
+England</i>, vol. ii., page 71.</p></div>
+
+<p>Will it be said that this was not interfering with <i>temporal</i> matters?
+Will it be said that the right of trial by jury was a <i>spiritual</i>
+matter? Will it be said that the tyranny of King John, and his
+oppressions, of which the barons justly complained, were <i>spiritual</i>
+matters? No sensible advocate of Romanism will say this!</p>
+
+<p>The next instance of an interference by the Pope in temporal affairs, to
+which I shall call your attention, Governor, is his excommunication of
+Elizabeth, Queen of England. She was immediately preceded on that throne
+by her sister Mary, who was a Catholic. For no other reason than that
+Elizabeth was a <i>Protestant</i>, and would not submit her rights and
+kingdom to the control of the Pope, Pius V. thundered forth at her
+devoted head the following anathema, from his throne at the Vatican,
+situated at the foot of one of the seven hills upon which Rome is built:</p>
+
+<h4>EXCOMMUNICATION AND DEPOSITION Of QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND.</h4>
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"Pius, etc., for a future memorial of the matter. He that
+reigneth on high, to whom is given all power in heaven and on
+earth, committed one Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, <i>out
+of which there is no salvation</i>, to one alone upon the earth,
+Peter the Prince of the Apostles, and to Peter's successor, the
+Bishop of Rome, to be governed in <i>fulness of power</i>. Him alone
+he made prince over all people, and all kingdoms, to pluck up,
+destroy, scatter, consume, plant and build, etc. But the number
+of the ungodly hath gotten such power, that there is now no
+place left in the whole world which they have not essayed to
+corrupt with their most wicked doctrines. Amongst others,
+Elizabeth, <i>the pretended Queen of England, a slave of
+wickedness</i>, lending thereunto her helping hand, with whom, as
+in a sanctuary, the most pernicious of all men have found a
+refuge; this very woman having seized upon the kingdom, and
+monstrously usurping the place of the supreme Head of the
+Church in all England, and the chief authority and jurisdiction
+thereof, hath again brought back the same kingdom to miserable
+destruction, which was then newly reduced to the faith, and to
+good order. For having by strong hand inhibited the true
+religion, which Mary, the lawful queen, of famous memory, had,
+by the help of this See, restored, after it had been formerly
+overthrown by King Henry VIII., a revolter therefrom, and
+following and embracing the errors of <i>heretics</i>, she hath
+removed the royal council, consisting of the English nobility,
+and filled it with obscure men, being heretics; hath oppressed
+the embracers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> of the Roman faith, hath placed impious
+preachers, ministers of iniquity, and abolished the sacrifice
+of the mass, prayers, fastings, distinction of meats, a single
+life, and the rites and ceremonies; hath commanded books to be
+read in the whole realm, containing manifest heresy, etc. She
+hath not only contemned the godly requests and admonitions of
+princes concerning her healing and conversion, but also bath
+not so much as permitted the Nuncios of the See to cross the
+seas into England, etc. We do, therefore, out of the fulness of
+our apostolic power, declare the aforesaid Elizabeth, being
+heretic, and a favorer of heretics, and her adherents in the
+matter aforesaid, to have incurred the sentence of anathema,
+and to be cut off from the unity of the body of Christ. And,
+moreover, we do declare her to be deprived of her pretended
+title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of all dominion, dignity,
+and privilege whatsoever; and also the nobility, subjects, and
+people of the said kingdom, and all others which have in any
+sort sworn unto her, to be for ever absolved from any such
+oath, and all manner of duty or dominion, allegiance and
+obedience; as we also do, by the authority of these presents,
+absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth of her
+pretended title to the kingdom, and all other things aforesaid.
+And we do command and interdict all and every one of the
+noblemen, subjects, people, and others aforesaid, that they
+presume not to obey her, or her admonitions, mandates, and
+laws; and those who shall do the contrary, we do innodate with
+the like sentence of ANATHEMA.</p>
+
+<p>"Given at St. Peter's at Rome, in the year 1569, and the fifth
+of our pontificate."&mdash;<i>Dowling's History of Romanism</i>, p. 564.</p></div>
+
+<p>One more: Sixtus V. thunders his bull of excommunication at this same
+Queen of England&mdash;incites Philip of Catholic Spain to make war against
+her country&mdash;and graciously <i>gives</i> the British Isles to Philip! Here is
+the bull of Pope Sixtus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We, Sixtus the Fifth, the universal shepherd of the flock of
+Christ, the supreme chief, to whom the government of the whole
+world appertains, considering that the people of England and
+Ireland, after having been so long celebrated for their
+virtues, their religion, and their submission to our see, have
+become putrid members, infected, and capable of corrupting the
+whole Christian body, and on account of their subjection to the
+impious, tyrannical, and sanguinary government of Elizabeth,
+the bastard queen, and by the influence of her adherents, who
+equal her in wickedness; and who refuse, like her, to recognize
+the power of the Roman Church: regarding that Henry VIII.
+formerly, for motives of debauchery, commenced all these
+disorders by revolting against the submission which he owed to
+the Pope, the sole and true sovereign of England; considering
+that the usurper Elizabeth has followed the path of this
+infamous king, we declare that there exists but one mode of
+remedying these evils, of restoring peace, tranquillity, and
+union to Christendom, of re-establishing religion, and of
+leading back the people to obedience to us, which is, to depose
+from the throne that execrable Elizabeth, who falsely arrogates
+to herself the title of Queen of the British Isles. Being then
+inspired by the Holy Spirit for the general good of the Church,
+we renew, by the virtue of our apostolic power, the sentence
+pronounced by our predecessor, Pius the Fifth and Gregory the
+Thirteenth, against the modern Jezebel: we proclaim her
+deprived of her royal authority, of the rights, titles, or
+pretensions to which she may lay claim over the kingdoms of
+Ireland and England, affirming that she possesses them
+unlawfully and by usurpation. We relieve all her subjects from
+the oaths they may have taken to her, and we prohibit them from
+rendering any kind of service to this execrable woman; it is
+our will, that she be driven from door to door like one
+possessed of a devil, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> that all human aid be refused her;
+we declare, moreover, that foreigners or Englishmen are
+permitted, as a meritorious work, to seize the person of
+Elizabeth and surrender her, living or dead, to the tribunals
+of the inquisition. We promise to those who shall accomplish
+this glorious mission, infinite recompenses, not only in the
+life eternal, but even in this world. Finally, we grant plenary
+indulgence to the faithful who shall willingly unite with the
+Catholic army which is going to combat the impious Elizabeth,
+under the orders of our dear son Philip the Second, to whom we
+give the British Isles in full sovereignty, as a recompense for
+the zeal he has always shown toward our see, and for the
+particular affection he has shown for the Catholics of the Low
+Country."&mdash;<i>De Cormenin's History of the Popes</i>, p. 262.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is what Macaulay, a reliable historian, says of the baneful effects
+of Romanism:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"From the time when the barbarians overran the Western Empire
+to the time of the revival of letters, the influence of the
+Church of Rome has been generally favorable to science, to
+civilization, and to good government. But, during the last
+three centuries, to stunt the growth of the human mind has been
+her chief object. Throughout Christendom, whatever advance has
+been made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts
+of life, has been made in spite of her, and has everywhere been
+in inverse proportion to her power. The loveliest and most
+fertile provinces of Europe have, under her rule, been sunk
+into poverty, in political servitude, and in intellectual
+torpor, while Protestant countries, once proverbial for
+sterility and barbarism, have been turned, by skill and
+industry, into gardens, and can boast of a long list of heroes
+and statesmen, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing what
+Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what four hundred years
+ago they naturally were, shall now compare the country round
+Rome with the country round Edinburgh, will be able to form
+some judgment of the tendency of Papal domination. The descent
+of Spain, once the first among monarchies, to the lowest depths
+of degradation, the elevation of Holland, in spite of many
+natural disadvantages, to a position such as no commonwealth so
+small has ever reached, teach the same lesson. Whoever passes,
+in Germany, from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality,
+in Switzerland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, in
+Ireland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant county, finds
+that he has passed from a lower to a higher grade of
+civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic the same law
+prevails. The Protestants of the United States have left far
+behind the Roman Catholics of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The
+Roman Catholics of Lower Canada remain inert, while the whole
+continent round them is in a ferment with Protestant activity
+and enterprise."&mdash;<i>Macaulay's History of England</i>, vol. i., p.
+37.</p></div>
+
+<p>I must be permitted to add, just here, that in 1848, when the people of
+France expelled Louis Philippe from the throne in Paris, and established
+a Republic, the present old drunken, goutified debauchee, Pope Pius IX.,
+hurled at the French nation a fearful bull of excommunication, and
+denied them the right of revolution! Was this interfering in temporal
+matters? But no longer ago than the year 1854, this same old vagabond,
+Pope Pius, issued orders absolving his followers from all allegiance to
+the Sardinian Government, because that government chose to abolish the
+infamous monasteries, which had been so long supported at the expense of
+an oppressed people! Was this not interfering in temporal matters?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> I
+could multiply authorities, Governor, to an indefinite extent,
+sustaining Mr. Wesley's views, and falsifying all you say, but this
+would swell my reply beyond what I intended in the outset. Let me call
+your attention to Brownson's Review, for July, 1853, where you will find
+all this power, and even more, claimed for the Pope, over temporal
+sovereigns and their subjects, the world over! This <i>Review</i> is the
+acknowledged organ of <i>Archbishop Hughes</i>, the head and front of the
+Catholic Church in North America.</p>
+
+<p>You state that our Declaration of Independence absolved from every
+possible obligation to the Pope in temporal matters. Your language is:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The moment it was read and proclaimed from old Independence
+Hall in Philadelphia, obedience in temporal matters, if it ever
+existed, ceased for ever, as to every native-born son in
+America."</p></div>
+
+<p>You further add that the Constitution of the United States set aside all
+temporal power of the Pope in this country, and that if any doubts
+remain, the finishing touch is given by the following oath of
+naturalization, taken by our naturalized citizens:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of
+the United States, and that I do <i>absolutely and entirely</i>
+renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign
+prince, potentate, or state, or sovereignty <i>whatever</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>Sir, do you suppose that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers,"
+whom you have the impudence to address, are all fools? Do you suppose
+they are men of no reading or information? If they know any thing, they
+certainly know that the oath of naturalization they, the Catholics,
+take, weighs no more with them than a feather. A Catholic can evade the
+force of any oath, by a <i>mental reservation</i>. Here is what Sanchez says,
+the very highest Catholic authority, whose teaching, including this
+interpretation of oaths, has been endorsed by the Council of Trent:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is lawful to use <i>ambiguous terms</i> to give the impression a
+different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+a certain day, or before he was born, or by concealing any
+other similar circumstances; which gives another meaning to it.
+This is extremely convenient, and always very just, when
+necessary to your health, honor, or prosperity."</p></div>
+
+<p>In addition to this, let me tell you, if you never before knew the fact,
+that Judge Gaston, a distinguished Jurist, and a gentleman of excellent
+character, though a rigid Roman Catholic, of North Carolina, was
+appointed to a seat upon the Supreme Bench of that State. The
+Constitution of that State, unlike those of almost all other States,
+requires every Judge to take an oath, among other things, that <span class="smcap">he
+believes in the truth of the protestant religion</span>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> Mr. Gaston asked time
+to think over the matter&mdash;he repaired to the Archbishop at Baltimore,
+doubtless obtained a dispensation&mdash;wrote back to Raleigh from there,
+that he would take the oath&mdash;returned, and in due time solemnly swore
+that <i>he believed in the truth of the Protestant Religion</i>. He died in
+Raleigh, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court&mdash;but lived and died a
+Roman Catholic!</p>
+
+<p>During the past month, in this city, W. G. McAdoo, the Attorney General
+for this Judicial Circuit, had some Irish Catholics brought before the
+Grand Jury, to testify in cases of unlawful gaming and the retailing of
+ardent spirits. The Clerk swore them on a common English Testament, and
+they returned to the Jury room, and testified that they knew of no
+cases! The Attorney for the Commonwealth then procured the <i>Catholic
+Douay Bible</i>, with a large <i>Cross</i> upon its outside, swore them upon
+this&mdash;sent them in, and they <i>disgorged</i>, telling of various cases, and
+enabling the Jury to find bills against even some of their own folks! An
+oath, then, is nothing with strict Roman Catholics, who believe their
+Priests can absolve them from the obligations of any and all oaths. For
+notwithstanding your denial of the fact, it is notoriously true, that
+the members of the Catholic Church believe their Priesthood to exercise,
+by Divine right, the power to fix and determine their eternal destiny.
+Nay, every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the absolute
+control of the Catholic Priesthood, by considerations not only of a
+temporal, but an eternal weight. This is what gives their Priesthood
+such power and influence in elections; an influence they are using in
+every State, against the American party. And it is this faculty of
+concentration, this political influence, this power of the Priesthood to
+control the Catholic community, and cause a vast multitude of ignorant
+foreigners to vote as a <i>unit</i>, and thus control the will of the
+American people, that has engendered this opposition to the Catholic
+Church. It is this aggressive policy and corrupting tendency of the
+Romish Church; this organized and concentrated political power of a
+distinct class of men; foreign by birth; inferior in intelligence and
+virtue to the American people, and not their religion and form of
+worship, objectionable as these are known to be, which have called forth
+the opposition of the American party to the Catholic Church.</p>
+
+<p>But, sir, you occupy several pages in copying and commenting upon the
+several oaths administered to the members of the American party&mdash;oaths
+which, as you tell us, are revolting in their character, and lead to the
+indiscriminate proscription of all foreigners. I meet all your
+conjectures and wild speculations in reference to these several oaths
+and obligations, by saying, just here, that I have taken them all, and
+that they express my sentiments and feelings to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> very letter; and I
+am willing, for the remainder of my days, to go before an acting Justice
+of the Peace, for the county of Knox, and have all three of these oaths
+administered every Monday morning, upon the "Holy Bible and Cross."</p>
+
+<p>You have failed, in your zeal to advocate Romanism and oppose the
+American party, to tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom
+you address, that we resort to our oaths and obligations to combat
+successfully the most powerful oath-bound organization the world ever
+knew. The oath of every <i>Roman Catholic Bishop</i> and <i>Archbishop</i> binds
+him to absolute and unquestioned obedience, not only to the present Pope
+but to his successors, "canonically coming in," and to "oppose and
+persecute" all who do not submit to his authority! The oath of every
+<i>Priest</i> binds him to the Church of Rome "as the chief head and matron
+above all pretended Churches throughout the whole earth," and to
+"further her interests more than his own earthly good." The oath of the
+<i>Jesuit</i> binds him to the Pope, as "Christ's Vicar-General," by "all the
+saints and hosts of heaven," and to "denounce and disown any allegiance
+as due to Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+or officers." The oath of the <i>San Fedisti</i>, a secret Order established
+by the Papal government in 1821, binds them to sustain "the Papal altar
+and throne, and to exterminate heretics, without pity for the cries of
+children, or of men and women." The oath of the <i>Irish Ribbon Men</i>, an
+Order established by the Papal government, and introduced into this
+country by <i>Bedini</i>, the Pope's Nuncio, but a few years ago, binds him
+"to extirpate all heretics, and all the Protestants, and to walk in
+their blood to the knees." Is it not time to take the alarm, Governor,
+and to combine to resist all these secret oath-bound associations, which
+now threaten us with the loss of all that freemen and Protestant
+Christians hold dear on earth?</p>
+
+<p>It is a matter of utter astonishment to find a great political party in
+this country, most of whom are native-born Protestants, taking sides
+with a foreign Church, whose designs against this country, according to
+the avowals of the Duke of Richmond, lately Governor-General of Canada,
+are of the most wicked and fearful character! Speaking of this
+government, the Duke said in a public address, on our northern border:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It will be destroyed: it ought not, and will not be permitted
+to exist. The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+his throne; and <i>the sovereigns of Europe are aware of it</i>, and
+they have <i>determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+to accomplish it</i>; and they will eventually succeed, by
+SUBVERSION <i>rather than conquest</i>. All the low and surplus
+population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+into<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+for soldiers, or to supply the navies; <i>and the governments of
+Europe will favor such a course</i>. This will create a surplus
+and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+and they will bring with them their principles, and in nine
+cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion, and will
+transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and by
+the Constitution and laws will be invested with the right of
+suffrage. Hence, discord, dissension, anarchy, and civil war
+will ensue; and some popular individual will assume the
+government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+the emigrants, and many of the natives, will sustain him. The
+Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+destruction of that Republic. <i>I have conversed with many of
+the sovereigns and princes of Europe; and they have unanimously
+expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+United States, and their determination to subvert it.</i>"</p></div>
+
+<p>The monarchs of Europe, says the Duke of Richmond, will aid in sending
+us a surplus of "low, excitable, bad, and disaffected men," who will
+bring with them their principles, and will adhere to their foreign
+notions of government, laws, manners, customs, and religion&mdash;and that
+religion Catholic; and yet <i>you</i>, the "son of a now sainted father," of
+Protestant raising, have the brazen effrontery to call upon the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of an American Protestant Church
+to aid you, your corrupt party, and the monarchs of Europe, in
+destroying both our government and Church!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, it is passing strange that Protestant Christians and their children
+should be found side by side with you, Bishop Hughes, Gov. Johnson, and
+the thousands of bad men who are seeking to build up a Roman Hierarchy
+in this free country of ours! What do you promise the country and
+yourselves, if Romanism proves successful in this contest? The history
+of the past informs us that Rome has slain 1,000,000 of Albigenses and
+Waldenses; 1,500,000 Jews, in Spain; 3,000,000 Moors, in Spain. France
+will never forget St. Bartholomew's Night, when 100,000 souls perished
+in Paris alone! The blood of Protestants has fertilized the soil of
+England, Germany, and Ireland. I mean by this, that enough of Protestant
+blood has been shed to <i>enrich</i> all the poor lands of England, Germany,
+and Ireland, if it were properly distributed. In all, the authentic
+records of the Romish Church show, (and of this she makes her boast,)
+that she has put to death SIXTY-EIGHT MILLIONS of human beings, for no
+other offence than that of being <i>Protestants</i> in their religious faith!
+Average each person slain at four gallons of blood, and medical writers
+say a healthy person yields more, and it makes TWO HUNDRED AND
+SEVENTY-TWO MILLIONS OF GALLONS!&mdash;enough<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> to overflow the banks of the
+Mississippi, and destroy all the cotton and sugar plantations in
+Mississippi and Louisiana!</p>
+
+<p>But you argue, in your blasphemous publication, that this is no longer a
+characteristic of the Romish Hierarchy. Why is it not? Has she ever
+changed for the better? When did she ever renounce these doctrines and
+practices? Never, no, never! Hers is the same tyrannical system
+now&mdash;where she has the power&mdash;that it always has been, and always must
+be, in the very nature of things! It is her boast, and the boast of her
+standard authors, that she is always right, and knows no change! And wo
+to this land of ours, if ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her whole
+system is adverse to our Republican institutions, and she hesitates not
+to declare it! <i>Brownson</i> says in his Review:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the <i>lying
+world</i>, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+the State, <i>summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+Church, its divinely constituted judge</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>No wonder, sir, that the American people are aroused! Such bold and
+startling avowals are calculated to arouse and unite the somewhat
+divided bands of Protestant Christians; to wake up a host of Luthers,
+Calvins, Cranmers, and Wesleys; to bind together "the heretics condemned
+in a mass." The very latest thing I have seen is the "Pastoral Letter"
+of the Bishops of the Province of St. Louis, just issued. That document
+explicitly says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We maintain the superiority of the <i>spiritual</i> over the
+<i>temporal</i> order. We maintain that the temporal ruler is
+<i>bound</i> to conform his enactments to the Divine law. We
+maintain that the Church is the supreme judge of all questions
+concerning faith and morals; and that in the determination of
+such question, the <i>Roman Pontiff, Vicar of Jesus Christ</i>,
+constitutes a tribunal from which there is no appeal; and to
+whose award all the children of the Church must yield
+obedience."</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, sir, after this authoritative and official announcement, I don't
+want to see any more of your wire-drawn distinctions between spiritual
+and temporal allegiance to the Pope. These Bishops say that both are
+alike binding. Nor do I want to see any more of your malignant efforts
+to fix the <i>lie</i> upon Mr. Wesley, for affirming in Europe, during the
+past century, what the Bishops of the United States have announced, in a
+Pastoral Address, in the present day!</p>
+
+<p>Pope Pius IX. has, by a special act, made the Virgin Mary the special
+patron of these United States; but the Protestants of this country have
+also made a decree, and that decree is, that Jesus Christ, and not the
+Virgin Mary, shall be the patron of these United States.</p>
+
+<p>And I am happy to have it in my power to inform you, notwithstanding the
+influence of your Address, that the "Bishops, Elders, and other
+Ministers" of the Methodist Church, both North and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> South, are ready to
+make a common, determined, prayerful effort to save our native land from
+the threatened slavery of submission to the decisions of the Council of
+Trent, and the equally corrupt conventions of Progressive Democracy!</p>
+
+<p>Assuming what is notoriously <i>false</i>&mdash;that the Know Nothings are in
+favor of all measures fatal to the South, and destructive to the
+Constitution&mdash;you ask on page 25 of your <i>infinitely infernal</i> Address:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"What if a proposition be pending to repeal the Fugitive Slave
+Law&mdash;the Kansas and Nebraska law&mdash;the rejection of a State
+asking admission into the Union, because its constitution may
+tolerate slavery?"</p></div>
+
+<p>You know, sir, that the 12th Plank in the Philadelphia Platform of the
+American party is a safer guaranty upon this slavery question, and the
+perpetuity of existing laws, than is to be found anywhere in the creeds
+of political parties. Here it is in full:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The American party having arisen upon the ruins, and in spite
+of the opposition of the Whig and Democratic parties, can not
+be held in any manner responsible for the obnoxious acts or
+violated pledges of either; and the systematic agitation of the
+slavery question by those parties having elevated sectional
+hostility into a positive element of political power, and
+brought our institutions into peril, it has therefore become
+the imperative duty of the American party to interpose, for the
+purpose of giving peace to the country, and perpetuity to the
+Union. And as experience has shown it impossible to reconcile
+opinions so extreme as those which separate the disputants, and
+as there can be no dishonor in submitting to the laws, the
+National Council has deemed it the best guaranty of common
+justice and of future peace, to abide by and maintain the
+existing laws upon the subject of slavery, as a final and
+conclusive settlement of that subject in spirit and in
+substance.</p>
+
+<p>"And regarding it the highest duty to avow their opinions upon
+a subject so important, in distinct and unequivocal terms, it
+is hereby declared as the sense of this National Council, that
+Congress possesses no power, under the Constitution, to
+legislate upon the subject of slavery in the States where it
+does or may exist, or to exclude any State from admission into
+the Union, because its Constitution does or does not recognize
+the institution of slavery as a part of its social system; and
+expressly pretermitting any expression of opinion upon the
+power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+Territory, it is the sense of the National Council that
+Congress ought not to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+within the Territories of the United States, and that any
+interference by Congress with slavery as it exists in the
+District of Columbia, would be a violation of the spirit and
+intention of the compact by which the State of Maryland ceded
+the District to the United States, and a breach of the national
+faith."</p></div>
+
+<p>In the "wild hunt" for territory by the progressive Democracy, and their
+efforts to settle our Western lands with foreigners who are to a man
+Free Soilers and Abolitionists, the South has more to fear than from all
+other considerations. What is Gov. Johnson's iniquitous Homestead Bill,
+but a bid for foreigners? He proposes to give to the heads of families
+one hundred and sixty acres of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> land, thus <i>hiring</i> all the convicts and
+paupers of Europe to come and settle in our Western States and
+Territories! Sir, but let your progressive, sublimated,
+double-distilled, converging-lines, Johnsonian Democracy bring into this
+Union one million of Spanish Papists&mdash;black, brown, sorrel, and
+tawny&mdash;under the guise of acquiring Cuba for the South: let them bring
+eight hundred thousand French and English Papists, under the name of
+acquiring Canada for the North: let them bring two millions of Mexican
+Papists&mdash;brown, tawny, red and black, being a mixture of all colors and
+all nations&mdash;under the specious pretence of "extending the area of
+freedom"&mdash;let all this be done&mdash;and your party, made up of native
+traitors, and foreign vagabonds, and Catholic paupers, are aiming at
+it&mdash;let it be done, I say, and farewell to liberty, and all that is
+sacred in this country! With five millions of Papists in our midst&mdash;four
+millions and a half being of foreign birth, and four millions speaking a
+foreign language&mdash;all taught from infancy to hate and detest
+Protestantism as a crime&mdash;an American party would become an absolute
+political necessity. Well do the Free Soil papers comprehend this
+matter. Hear the infamous but influential <i>Chicago Tribune</i>, one of your
+Douglass organs&mdash;one of your foreign Catholic organs. I quote from the
+paper itself:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is now a well-attested fact, that Atchison is a member of
+the Superior Order of the Spangled Banner, or Know Nothings,
+and that his infernal villainy in Kansas has been carried on
+under the protection and patronage of the lodges in Western
+Missouri. This is a matter that all men in the North should
+understand, that Northern voters may be exceedingly cautious
+how they give countenance or support to an Order that, in any
+of its phases or localities, is capable of producing such
+results. It is further said, that the members of that Kansas
+Legislature, now outraging all sense of right and justice by
+their devilish enactments, are the chosen men of the affiliated
+Know Nothings in Missouri and Kansas, who back then up in
+whatever thing they do. Atchison and his gang are the friends
+of the Order, and through it and Southern Know Nothing support
+they are sure that their efforts to establish a despotism in
+the Territory, if necessary, at the point of the bayonet, will
+be successful. These facts account for many things heretofore
+inexplicable, and they develop the true reason of the hostility
+of the border-ruffians to the foreign immigration that would,
+under other circumstances, people that vast and fertile country
+west of the Missouri."</p></div>
+
+<p>Thus it appears that a host of <i>lousy</i> foreigners, fresh from the
+emigrant ships, in which they are brought over to this country as
+<i>ballast</i>&mdash;having the right to vote conferred upon them by an infamous
+<i>progressive</i> Democratic feature in the Kansas Bill, were expected to
+get the control of affairs in Kansas. It further appears, however, that
+Senator Atchison and his pro-slavery associates supposed that, though
+fresh from their farms, and crossing the line of their State into the
+new Territory, they too had the right to vote without being
+<i>naturalized</i> in Kansas. Hence, in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> estimation of this Sag Nicht
+organ at Chicago, a great outrage is committed upon Germany, Ireland,
+and Italy!</p>
+
+<p>Sir, you need not lay the flattering unction to your soul, that you can
+drive the clergy generally from the noble stand they have taken upon
+this great question. Nor need you suppose, for one moment, that the
+American party are conquered, though defeated in several States in the
+recent elections. The party will remain true to its ends. Though it fail
+to command office, it cannot fail to exercise large power. Office is not
+always strength; but sometimes, nay, frequently, as in the case of the
+present Administration, weakness, as time will prove! The aim of the
+American party is, by fair party means, to correct a great social evil
+and political wrong; and if they cannot do that, to mitigate the evil
+and the wrong; if they cannot do that, to prevent its <i>further
+increase</i>; and if neither can be done, why, then I confess to you, the
+party will have failed. But, sir, if such a failure take place, rest
+assured that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the Methodist
+Church, South, will not help to bring about such a failure! We can
+afford to let such minions of party as you are, rave and rant, and
+publish their expositions, and issue their warnings to Churches: they
+will all serve to swell our ranks. All true American hearts, not chained
+to the car of party, or bound down by the cords of plunder, think alike
+upon the great questions that have called the American party into
+existence. Little do we regard the slanders of the pensioners of party.
+Let their speeches and publications teem with wholesale slanders of our
+creed: the political jockeyism of these thimble-riggers, as in your own
+case, is too apparent!</p>
+
+<p>From Maine to the shores of the Pacific the country is convulsed with
+intense excitement upon this subject. Shall Americans govern themselves,
+or shall Foreigners, unacquainted with our laws, and brought up under
+monarchical governments, rule? Shall those who are temporally and
+spiritually subject to a foreign prince be our legislators,
+post-masters, foreign ministers, and military leaders, and change our
+laws as they are directed by the Pope of Rome? Such results the American
+party have set out to prevent. The present excitement will not cease;
+true Americans and Protestants will labor and pray until our distracted
+country shall be redeemed from the influence of civil and ecclesiastical
+tyranny.</p>
+
+<p>Now, Governor, I have noticed all your charges, arguments, and appeals,
+but one, and that is the allegation that Methodist clerical Know
+Nothings are <i>conspirators</i>. Your argument is&mdash;and I wish to represent
+you correctly&mdash;"The offence of conspiracy is not confined to the
+prejudicing of a particular individual; it may be to injure public
+trade, to affect public health, or to <i>violate public policy</i>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>You cite Blackstone's Commentary, and other English Law Books, to
+satisfy the Clergy as to the <i>law of conspiracy</i>. This done, you
+overwhelm them with this sage and logical conclusion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The gist of the offence of conspiracy consists in a
+confederacy to do an <i>unlawful act</i>, and the offence is
+complete when the confederacy is made."</p></div>
+
+<p>I will concede, for the sake of the argument, that this is sound law,
+and that yours is a logical deduction. Nay, I will concede more&mdash;I grant
+that it is an unlawful act for native Americans, and Protestant
+Christians, whether ministers or laymen, to resolve, or swear, as we
+Know Nothings have all done, that we will not vote for Catholics and
+Foreigners for public offices! I take the ground you do, that a man's
+vote is not his own, and that it is only to be disposed of by the
+leaders of the party with which he may act!</p>
+
+<p>And now, if you and I, both great men, and <i>Doctors of Law</i>, are correct
+in laying down the law, and the <i>privilege of voters in this free
+country</i>, what an infamous body of conspirators the Democrats are, and
+have always been! For a quarter of a century, they have conspired to
+keep the Whigs out of office&mdash;have succeeded in doing so most of that
+time&mdash;and have kept thousands of them who are poor from becoming rich!
+More recently, they have conspired with Abolitionists, Free Soilers,
+Fourierites, Spiritualists, Roman Catholics, Irish, French, and German
+paupers, and all manner of European convicts, to keep the American party
+out of office, and have succeeded in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia,
+Alabama, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and other States&mdash;thereby
+depriving the Americans of "lots" of money and honors, both of which
+they need, and both of which are their <i>birthrights</i>!</p>
+
+<p>The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom you address, in
+opposition to the great sin of <i>conspiracy</i>, would more cheerfully unite
+with you to enforce law and order, and to prosecute offenders, but for
+the fact that the <i>Abolition wing of your party</i> once conspired against
+them, to deprive their wives, children, widows, and orphans, of their
+lawful portion of the great Book Concern in New York, and they were
+compelled to punish the conspirators, at great expense, however, in the
+District and Supreme Courts of the United States!</p>
+
+<p>But, Sir, upon the subject of <i>oaths</i>, you are eloquent, apt in your
+quotations of Scripture, and evince great learning in the legal
+profession! You charge that "Know Nothingism is both unchristian and
+unlawful, because of its <i>oaths</i>, which have no Scripture warrant for
+their administration!" One of your quotations from the Bible is this:
+"Swear not at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne: nor by the
+earth, for it is his footstool." Your mind has undergone a great change
+upon the subject of <i>oaths</i> and <i>hard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> swearing</i>, since the 21st of
+June, 1845, when you delivered your celebrated "Mount Pisgah" speech at
+Athens. You then advised the people of the State to administer "horrible
+oaths," and to swear by the "<i>heavens</i>," aye, "God's throne." But then
+you were a Know Nothing. Here is what you say in your <i>revised</i> copy of
+that memorable speech:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Go up with me in imagination and stand for awhile on some
+lofty summit of the Rocky Mountains. Let us take one ravishing
+view of this broad land of liberty. Turn your face toward the
+Gulf of Mexico: what do you behold? Instead of one lone star
+faintly shining in the far distant south, a whole galaxy of
+stars of the first magnitude are bursting on your vision and
+shining with a bright and glorious effulgence. Now turn with me
+to the west&mdash;the mighty west&mdash;where the setting sun dips her
+disk in the western ocean. Look away down through the misty
+distance to the shores of the Pacific, with all its bays, and
+harbors, and rivers. Cast your eyes as far as the Russian
+Possessions, in latitude fifty-four degrees and forty minutes.
+What a new world lies before you! How many magnificent States
+to be the future homes of the sons and daughters of freedom!
+But you have not gazed on half this glorious country. Turn now
+your face to the east, where the morning sun first shines on
+this land of liberty. Away yonder, you see the immortal old
+thirteen, who achieved our independence; nearer to us lie the
+twelve or fifteen States of the great valley of the
+Mississippi, stretching and reposing like so many giants in
+their slumbers. O! now I see your heart is full&mdash;it can take in
+no more. Who now feels like he was a party man, or a southern
+man, or a northern man? Who does not feel that he is an
+American, and thankful to Heaven that his lot was cast in such
+a goodly land? When did mental vision ever rest on such a
+scene? Moses, when standing on the top of Mount Pisgah, looking
+over on the promised land, gazed not on a scene half so lovely.
+O! let us this day <i>vow</i> that whatever else we may do, by
+whatever name we may be called, we will never surrender one
+square acre of this goodly heritage to the <span class="smcap">dictation</span> of any
+king or potentate on earth. <span class="smcap">Swear it! swear it!</span> my countrymen,
+and let <span class="smcap">Heaven record the vow for ever</span>!"</p></div>
+
+<p>In conclusion, Governor, suffer a few words of advice, and I will bring
+this letter, already too long, to a close. You are advanced in years,
+nay, you have grown gray in the service of sin, and political intrigues;
+and at most you have not long to live. Cease your political aspirations,
+and turn your attention to future and eternal things! You have been a
+member of our State Legislature; subsequently, a member of Congress; and
+more recently the Governor of our State; honors and stations, to say the
+least of it, equal to your merits and talents!</p>
+
+<p>As a true "son of a now sainted father," from whom you have been
+separated for many years, so demean yourself in future, that you may not
+be separated, world without end! Humble yourself before God; confess
+your numerous sins; and instead of lecturing God's ministers upon the
+subject of party politics, ask them, with tears in your eyes, to pray
+for you! Exercise a living faith in Christ, who came down from heaven,
+and made upon the cross a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice,
+oblation, and satisfaction, for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> the sins of the whole world. Thus
+obtaining forgiveness, cease your Sunday discussions on political
+subjects; attend at the house of God, and set an example to other
+ungodly Sag Nichts, and lead a new and different life!</p>
+
+<p>Very respectfully, your obedient servant,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><i>A Local Methodist Minister.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+<h2>GOVERNOR JOHNSON AND EDITOR EASTMAN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>On the 9th of October, 1855, and while the Legislature was in session at
+Nashville, we delivered a speech to an immense crowd on the Public
+Square; which, after certain preliminary remarks, we will give to the
+public, just as it was spoken. The reason why the call was made on us to
+deliver the speech was, that we had, the previous weeks, delivered the
+same, in <i>substance</i>, at Shelbyville and Clarksville, and the American
+party at Nashville hearing of it, and approving what was said, desired
+us to repeat it; and, to be candid, we desired to repeat it there and
+then!</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Wise, of Virginia, gained great notoriety, in the spring of 1855, by
+his abuse and blackguardism, heaped upon the American party. He was
+successful; and Johnson, of Tennessee, whose ambition was to gain a more
+infamous notoriety, profiting by the example of Wise, plunged into the
+lowest depths of Billingsgate, and piled his vulgar epithets upon the
+party <i>indiscriminately</i>. Wise, then, like all inventors and
+originators, has had numerous <i>imitators</i>, and among the most successful
+of these are Johnson, of Tennessee; Stephens, of Georgia; and Clingman,
+of North Carolina. But as an adept in low Billingsgate slang, coarse
+blackguardism, and as a slanderer and maligner of better men than
+himself, Johnson has excelled his patron, Wise, and left far in the
+shades of the distant caverns of abuse, both Stephens and Clingman!</p>
+
+<p>To prepare the public mind for the degree of severity we used in
+reference to the Governor of the State, we will introduce as many as
+<i>five</i> different extracts from his speeches, in his late canvass for
+Governor, at Murfreesboro' and Manchester; as reported by his partisan
+organ, the <i>Nashville Union</i>, and his <i>pliant tool</i>, its Abolition
+editor, <i>E. G. Eastman</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">The Devil, his Satanic Majesty, the Prince of Darkness, who
+presides over the secret conclave held in Pandemonium, makes
+war upon all branches of Christ's Church. The Know Nothings
+advocate and defend none, but make war upon one of the
+Churches, and thus far</span> BECOME THE ALLIES OF THE PRINCE OF
+DARKNESS."&mdash;[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Murfreesboro'.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">A denomination like this, to set up as the guardians of the
+religion and morals of the country! A denomination bound
+together by secret and terrible oaths: the first of which, on
+the very initiation</span>, FIXES AND REQUIRES THEM TO CARRY A LIE IN
+THEIR MOUTHS."&mdash;[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Murfreesboro'.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Show me the dimensions of a Know Nothing, and I will show you
+a HUGE REPTILE, upon whose neck the FOOT of EVERY HONEST MAN
+ought to be placed.</span>"&mdash;[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at Manchester.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">They are like the Hyena, and come from their lair after
+midnight to prey upon human carcasses.</span>"&mdash;[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew
+Johnson</span>, at Manchester.</p>
+
+<p>"I WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN THE CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL AS IN
+A KNOW NOTHING COUNCIL."&mdash;[Speech of <span class="smcap">Andrew Johnson</span>, at
+Manchester.</p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>blackguard</i> and <i>calumniator</i> using this language, was elected by a
+majority of two thousand votes: that majority being cast by <i>Foreigners
+and illegal voters</i>; and consequently, his competitor, <span class="smcap">Col. Gentry</span>&mdash;than
+whom there is not a more talented, patriotic, and honorable gentleman in
+Tennessee&mdash;was fairly and justly elected. This, then, is the language
+used by the Governor of Tennessee, <i>towards a majority of the legal
+voters of the State</i>! Under these circumstances, we made the speech that
+follows, to an immense crowd on the Square: the correspondence preceding
+which, will explain itself:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Nashville</span>, Oct. 10th, 1855.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow, Esq.</span>:</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Dear Sir</i>:&mdash;The undersigned, having heard your speech on the
+Square, last night, respectfully request that you embody the
+substance of the same, and publish it in the Knoxville Whig.
+The desire to see it in print is very general; and those who
+heard it approved its severity, without it were such as were
+bitter against the American party.</p>
+
+<p class="right">Your friends,<br />
+Charles G. Smith,<br />
+John Morrison,<br />
+F. M. Burton,<br />
+Robt. S. Northcutt,<br />
+Saml. Davis.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="date"><span class="smcap">Nashville</span>, Oct. 13th, 1855.</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Messrs. Smith, Morrison, and others:</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><i>Gentlemen</i>:&mdash;Your note requesting me to publish the substance
+of my remarks on the Square, last Tuesday night, has been
+received, and I would have replied sooner, but for my absence
+at Shelbyville. I have now made the same speech at Clarksville,
+Nashville, and Shelbyville; and my only regrets are, that my
+engagements prevent me from delivering the same speech at every
+point in this State, where Gov. Johnson held me up as the "High
+Priest of the Order," and argued therefrom the <i>want of
+respectability</i> for the Order. In addition to your request, I
+have had verbal applications from many gentlemen to publish my
+remarks&mdash;gentlemen who have been mild and moderate throughout
+their political course. I shall, therefore, comply with your
+request and theirs, at my earliest convenience.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I hold that no man's position in life should shield him from
+the rebukes he may merit by his bad conduct; and as for the
+present Governor of Tennessee, his wholesale abuse of the
+American party, towards whose members, without a single
+exception, he has indulged in language which ought not to be
+tolerated within the precincts of Billingsgate, no epithet is
+too low, too degrading, or disgraceful, to pay him back in.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">Respectfully, &amp;c.,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Fellow-Citizens:</span>&mdash;The occasion which has called you together to-night,
+is the special appointment of our young friend, Mr. Crowe, to whose
+eloquence we have all listened with pleasure. I have made no appointment
+to speak here; nor have I prompted the loud and long calls made upon me,
+this evening, by this large Nashville audience. I shall speak to you;
+but not upon the <i>issues</i> of the late canvass, nor upon those of the
+approaching canvass of 1856. I will discuss <i>Andrew Johnson</i> and <i>E. G.
+Eastman</i>; and if they are in the assembly, I hope they will come forward
+and take seats on this stand, that I may have the pleasure of looking
+them full in the face, as I denounce them in unmeasured terms: which is
+my purpose to-night, let the consequences be what they may!</p>
+
+<p>On a memorable night in August, after it was understood that <i>Andrew
+Johnson</i> was re&euml;lected to the office of Governor, a procession was
+formed in Knoxville, composed of the worst materials in that young and
+growing city&mdash;such as drunken, red-mouthed Irishmen, lousy Germans, and
+insolent negroes, with three or four men of respectable pretensions
+thrown in, to exercise a controlling influence over these bad materials.
+This riotous mob halted in front of my dwelling, in East Knoxville, and
+<i>groaned</i> and <i>sang</i> for my especial benefit: all which was natural
+enough&mdash;as they had triumphed over me in the election of a Governor. I
+took no offence at their rejoicing over the election of Gov. Johnson, as
+I told them; and for the reason, that I knew them to be of that class of
+men who would <i>actually need the exercise of the pardoning power</i>, at
+the hands of the present Governor, to release them from the
+penitentiary, before his present term of service would expire!</p>
+
+<p>From my humble dwelling, this <i>beautiful</i> procession marched to the
+Coleman House, on Gay street, yelling like devils, and insulting the
+inmates of every house they passed. "Huzza for <i>Andy McJohnson</i>!"
+exclaimed one. "Three cheers for <i>Andy O'Johnson</i>!" exclaimed another.
+While, to cap the climax&mdash;"Well done, my <i>Johnsing</i> and the <i>White
+Bastard</i>," (meaning <i>Basis</i>,) exclaimed a drunken negro! Halting in
+front of the Coleman House, the Governor elect mounted a goods box, and
+under feelings of great excitement, hatred, and malice, delivered a
+speech abusive of the whole American party, excepting none, in coarse,
+bitter language,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> in a style peculiarly his own&mdash;adapted alone to the
+foul precincts of Billingsgate&mdash;rounding his periods with a diabolical
+and infernal <i>grin</i>, alone suited to a display of oratory by a land
+pirate!</p>
+
+<p>I reported this slanderous speech&mdash;not in as offensive style&mdash;as it was
+delivered; for his <i>looks</i> and <i>grins</i> no man can report on paper. I
+also wrote the substance of what he said to Major Donelson, in a letter,
+of which I shall have something more to say before I leave this stand.
+Just here, I will repeat what the Governor did say, and what I reported
+him to have said in my paper. I wish this large audience to hear me
+distinctly, and to recollect the points I make; for I shall wind up on
+the Governor and his miserable tool, <i>Eastman</i>, with a degree of
+severity you have not been accustomed to, but which shall be warranted
+by the facts in each case.</p>
+
+<p>Gov. Johnson said this new party of self-styled Americans professed to
+have organized with a view to purify and reform the old political
+parties. A beautiful set, said he, to reform! The Order of Know Nothings
+was composed of the worst men in the Whig and Democratic parties. As a
+<i>sample</i> of these men, he pointed out <i>Andrew J. Donelson</i>, by
+name&mdash;exclaiming as often as twice, <i>Who is Andrew J. Donelson?</i> He is a
+soured, office-seeking, disappointed politician, who has been kicked out
+of the Democratic party. To illustrate his views more fully, he told the
+crowd to imagine a large gang of <i>counterfeiters</i> out there! and an
+equally large gang of <i>horse-thieves</i> out yonder! Take from these two
+companies the worst men in their ranks, form a third party of these, and
+you have a representation of this Know Nothing party. This was a
+beautiful party to propose reform, or to speak of other parties being
+corrupt! He was interrupted repeatedly; and I think I may safely say,
+among hands, they gave him the d&mdash;&mdash;d lie fifty times! James M. Davis, a
+respectable mechanic, asked him if he would say that to Major Donelson's
+face? He replied, that he heard the hissing of an adder, or a goose, and
+went through with certain stereotyped phrases you have all heard from
+his lips. This call upon him by Mr. Davis was not named in my newspaper
+report, nor in my letter to Major Donelson. Indeed, I did not anticipate
+a denial of his abuse.</p>
+
+<p>Now, fellow-citizens, it was in this connection, as well as in the most
+offensive language, that Gov. Johnson introduced the name of Andrew J.
+Donelson, repeating it more than once, emphasizing upon it, and
+repeating it with scorn and bitterness. This is the report, <i>in
+substance</i>, I made of his speech through my paper, and in a letter I
+addressed to Major Donelson. And to the truth of my report, there are
+one hundred respectable gentlemen in Knoxville who will make oath upon
+the Holy Bible. There are now a half-dozen respectable gentlemen in this
+crowd who were in the street at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> Knoxville on that occasion, and heard
+every word the Governor said, and will sustain me in my account of it.
+Among these I will name Messrs. White and Armstrong, members of the
+House, Senator Rogers, Col. James C. Luttrell, and Mr. Fleming, the
+editor of the Knoxville Register.</p>
+
+<p>Well, gentlemen&mdash;and I am proud to have an opportunity of vindicating
+myself before so large a Nashville audience as this is&mdash;I say Major
+Donelson came to Nashville, after receiving intelligence of the abuse of
+the Governor, and was seen walking these streets with a <i>large and
+homely stick</i> in his hand, looking <i>grum</i>, as any gentleman would do
+under the circumstances. The friends of Gov. Johnson seeing what would
+likely be the result of this affair, asked for, and very properly
+obtained that letter, with a view to laying it before their slanderous
+and abusive Executive officer, that he might <i>lie out of what he said</i>
+about an honorable and brave man; and thereby avoid the disgrace of a
+cudgelling! Did he lie out of the scrape? He did: aye, he <i>ingloriously
+lied out</i> of what he had said&mdash;leaving Major Donelson no ground for any
+difficulty with him: although the Major had a right to suppose that any
+man base enough to make such charges, would have no hesitancy in lying
+out of his disreputable and cowardly abuse. I therefore pronounce your
+Governor, here upon his own dunghill, an <span class="smcap">unmitigated liar and
+calumniator</span>, and a <span class="smcap">villainous coward</span>, wanting the <i>nerve</i> to stand up to
+his abuse of better men than himself!</p>
+
+<p>But it will be said that the Governor <i>proves</i> me a liar, by a citizen
+of Nashville, who was present at Knoxville and heard his speech. That is
+so, but I prove both him and his witness liars, by a multitude of
+witnesses who were also present, and who are gentlemen of the first
+standing. But who is it that testifies that I have lied? It is <i>E. G.
+Eastman</i>, the editor of the Sag Nicht organ in this city. And who is <i>E.
+G. Eastman</i>? He is a dirty, lying, and unscrupulous Abolitionist, from
+Massachusetts, who once conducted an Abolitionist paper either in that
+State, or the State of New Hampshire. He was brought out to this State
+to lie for the unscrupulous leaders of his party. He is paid for
+<i>telling</i> and <i>writing</i> falsehoods, and would, if the interests of his
+party required it, and a consideration were paid him in hand, <i>swear
+lies</i> as readily as he would write them down for publication. He is a
+poor devil, as void of truth and honor as he has shown himself to be of
+courage and resentment. He edits a low, dirty, scurrilous sheet; and,
+like his master, Gov. Johnson, never could elevate himself above the
+level of a common blackguard. No epithet is too low, too degrading, or
+disgraceful to be applied to the members of the American party, by
+either of these Billingsgate graduates. Decent men shun coming in
+contact with either of them, as they would avoid a night-cart,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> or other
+vehicle of filth. As some fish thrive only in dirty water, so the
+Nashville Union and American would not exist a week out of the
+atmosphere of slang and vituperation. A fit organ, this, for all who
+arrange themselves under the dark piratical flag of Andrew Johnson and
+his progressive Democracy. I am the more specific in reference to
+<i>Eastman</i>, because I understand he is in this assembly!</p>
+
+<p>But, fellow-citizens, I am not yet through with this Knoxville speech of
+the Governor. Maj. Donelson visited Knoxville, one month after this
+slanderous speech was made against him; he visited there upon the
+invitation of the American party, to address a Mass Meeting. I waited
+upon Maj. Donelson, upon his arrival, and found him at the house of
+Doct. Curry. I told the Major that I was tired of having questions of
+veracity between me and Governors and Ex-Governors of Tennessee, and
+that I desired that others should state to him what had been said by the
+Governor. Accordingly, different gentlemen, citizens of character,
+informed him that they were in the crowd and heard Johnson, and that he
+did say all that was attributed to him, both in the letter he had
+received from me, and in the two Knoxville papers. Consequently, when
+Maj. Donelson made his speech next day, he denounced the Governor as a
+miserable calumniator, and refuted his villainous charges, in a manner
+becoming the occasion, and with a frankness which carried with it a
+conviction of its truth, and gave satisfaction to his numerous friends.</p>
+
+<p>And now, gentlemen, I take occasion to state, that there is no longer an
+adjourned question of veracity between me and Johnson and Eastman. The
+issue is between Johnson and Eastman, on the one hand, and various
+respectable gentlemen of Knoxville, on the other hand. Either the
+Governor and his man Friday have basely lied, or a number of the
+citizens of Knoxville and vicinity, have testified to what is false. I
+assert, once more, that the Governor and his dirty Editor have lied out
+of the villainous abuse the former heaped upon better men than himself.
+And if their friends are willing to see them remain under the charge,
+the American party are satisfied with the settlement of the question.</p>
+
+<p>Fellow-citizens, while I am on the stand, I will notice some other
+points personal to myself. And before I enter upon these, I will call
+your attention to the wholesale abuse of the Governor, of some
+thirty-five or forty thousand voters in Tennessee. In his Murfreesboro'
+speech, he asserted that "<i>the Devil, his Satanic Majesty, presides over
+all the secret conclaves</i>" held by the Know Nothings, and that "<i>they
+are the allies of the Prince of Darkness</i>." I quote from his printed
+speeches from memory, but it will be found that I quote correctly. In
+that same speech, he asserts that all Know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> Nothings are "<i>bound by
+terrible oaths to fix and carry a lie in their mouths</i>!" In his
+Manchester speech, I believe it was, he called all members of the new
+party "<i>Hyenas</i>," and "<i>huge reptiles, upon whose neck the feet of all
+honest men ought to be placed</i>." And in this same speech he says he
+"<span class="smcap">would as soon be found in a clan of John A. Murrell's men, as in a Know
+Nothing Council!</span>"</p>
+
+<p>What an imputation upon nearly one half of the legal voters of
+Tennessee! He has used the most odious terms his <i>limited</i> knowledge of
+the English language would enable him to employ, to deride, defame,
+insult, and blackguard every man who has joined the new party, or dares
+to act with them in politics. In the plenitude of his bitter and
+supercilious arrogance, Andrew Johnson has indulged in language against
+the entire American party, which would not be tolerated within the
+precincts of Billingsgate, or the lowest fish-market in London. And from
+Johnson to Shelby counties, during the entire summer, this low-flung and
+ill-bred scoundrel, pursued this same strain of vulgar and disgusting
+abuse. And whether speaking of the most enlightened statesman, the
+purest patriot, or the most pious clergyman, he pursued the same strain
+of abuse. With him, a vile demagogue, whose daily employment is to
+administer to the very worst appetites of mankind, no virtue, no honor,
+no truth, exists anywhere, but in the breasts of such as are either
+corrupt enough or fool enough to follow him, and a few malignant
+falsifiers who worship at his shrine. He is a wretched and vile caterer
+to the morbid foreign and Catholic appetite of this country. "It is a
+dirty bird that fouls its own nest," says the proverb; and it applies to
+this man Johnson with as much force as to the dirtiest of the feathered
+tribe.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Where is the wretch, so lost, so dead,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who never to himself hath said,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">This is my <i>own</i>, <span class="smcap">my native land</span>!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>He now disgraces the Executive Chair of this gallant State. Most of
+God's creatures, human and brute, have an attachment to "<span class="smcap">home, sweet
+home</span>;" but here is a contemptible and selfish demagogue who discards all
+such feelings, and would transfer his country and home to strangers and
+outlaws, to European paupers and criminals, if he could thereby receive
+a temporary election, or receive a pocket-full of money. For such a
+wretch I have no sympathy, and no feelings but those of scorn and
+contempt, and hence it is that I speak of him in such terms.</p>
+
+<p>On every stump in Tennessee, he held me up as "the High Priest of the
+Order," representing Col. Gentry as <i>my</i> candidate. Since I came to
+Middle Tennessee, I have been informed that he pointed to the fancied
+fact that I was the head of the Order, as an evidence of <i>its utter want
+of respectability</i>. Turning up his nose, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> grinning significantly, he
+would inquire, <i>Who is William G. Brownlow?</i></p>
+
+<p>Now, gentlemen, since he makes this issue of <i>respectability</i> with me, I
+will accept it. Since he throws down the glove, I will take it up, and I
+will show you that he is the last man on God's green earth to call in
+question the respectability of other men, or their families! It would be
+both cruel and unbecoming in me to speak of what the dishonest and
+villainous relatives of Gov. Johnson have done, if he conducted himself
+prudently, and did not abuse others with such great profusion. I am not
+aware of any relative of mine ever having been hung, sent to the
+penitentiary, or being placed in the stocks. I have no doubt that
+persons related to me, directly or remotely, have deserved such a fate
+long since. There is not a man in this vast assembly who can say, and
+tell the truth, that he has no mean kin. Can Gov. Johnson say so?
+Rather, can he say he has any other kind? He is a member of a numerous
+family of Johnsons, in North Carolina, who are generally <span class="smcap">thieves</span> and
+<span class="smcap">liars</span>; and though he is the best one of the family I have ever met with,
+I unhesitatingly affirm, to-night, that there are better men than Andrew
+Johnson in our Penitentiary! His relatives in the Old North State, have
+stood in the Stocks for crimes they have committed. And his <i>own born
+cousin</i>, Madison Johnson, was hung in Raleigh, for murder and robbery! I
+told him of this years ago, in Jonesboro', and he denied it, and put me
+to the trouble of procuring the testimony of Gov. John M. Morehead to
+prove it! The Governor was petitioned to pardon Madison Johnson, and
+declined, as he knew he suffered justly. This explains why this
+<i>scape-gallows</i> has been so bitter against Whig and Know Nothing
+Governors. They have been so unfeeling, as to suffer his dear relatives
+to <i>pull hemp without foothold</i>, when a jury of twelve honest men have
+said that they deserved death! Is he not one of the last men living to
+talk about a want of respectability on the part of any one? Certainly he
+is!</p>
+
+<p>Well, gentlemen, Johnson is again the Governor of Tennessee; but if he
+could be mortified, he would have the mortification to know that he is
+the Governor with a majority of the <i>legal native votes of the State</i>
+cast in opposition to him. We all committed one capital blunder in the
+late canvass, and that alone defeated Gentry, and elected Johnson. We
+copied from the Book of Pardons a list of FORTY-SEVEN names of culprits
+pardoned out of our State Prison by Johnson&mdash;some for negro-stealing,
+some for counterfeiting, house-breaking, rape, and other <i>Democratic</i>
+measures&mdash;more pardons than all his "illustrious predecessors" ever
+granted. In copying this list, we said to the voters of the State that
+Johnson had spoken his honest sentiments when he said he preferred
+being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> among a clan of Murrell men, to being found in a Know Nothing
+Council; and in the same breath we assured them that if Gentry was
+elected, he would let all such rascals stay in prison as long as the
+courts of the country decreed they should. And while thousands of
+honorable, high-minded men voted for Johnson, under the lash of party,
+or because they were blinded by his glaring demerits, it is not to be
+disguised that all the <i>petit larceny</i> and <i>Penitentiary men</i> in the
+State voted for him. There never was a time in Tennessee when there were
+not five thousand voters who either <i>had been stealing</i>, or <i>intended to
+steal</i>! These would naturally look to where they would find a friend, in
+the event of their being overtaken by justice. In the person of Andrew
+Johnson, they felt assured of "a friend indeed, because a friend in
+<i>need</i>." He had publicly told them that he preferred the company of
+Murrell men to the society of the most respectable lawyers, doctors,
+preachers, farmers, and mechanics in the State, who met in certain
+councils. The fact of his turning so many Murrell men out of the State
+Prison, and of his having been <i>raised up in such society</i>, left no
+doubt of the sincerity of his profession!</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion, fellow-citizens, if Gov. Johnson cannot lawfully canvass
+the State a <i>third</i> time for the office he now fills, I hope the
+Legislature will legalize such a race by a special act, and I propose to
+be the candidate against him. I will show the people of the State in his
+presence, from the same stand, who are Murrell men, and who are not able
+to look honest men in the face!</p>
+
+<p>If I have said any thing to-night offensive to your Governor, or any of
+his friends or understrappers in this city, they know where to find me.
+When I am not on the streets, I can be found at No. 43, on the lower
+floor of Sam Scott's City Hotel, opposite the ladies' parlor. I shall
+remain here for the next ten days only, and whatever punishment any one
+may wish to inflict upon me, it must be done in that time. I say this,
+not because I seek a difficulty, but because I don't intend it shall be
+said that I made this speech and took to flight!</p>
+
+<p>I thank you, gentlemen, for the patience with which you have heard me in
+a matter personal to myself, and I hope you are prepared to acquit me of
+lying in the Donelson case, although Gov. Johnson and Editor Eastman
+bear testimony against me. I thank you, and now bid you good night!</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>We beg leave to add, that in March, 1842, Andrew Johnson laid hold of us
+in a speech in Blountville, when we were in Jonesborough, distant twenty
+miles. He held up a picture or drawing of us, and accompanied it with
+many abusive remarks. In turn, we held him up in the Whig of the 29th of
+the same month, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> gave his <i>pedigree</i> in full, and with it a
+<i>representation of his cousin Madison Johnson, under the gallows</i> in
+Raleigh!</p>
+
+<p>The first Monday in April following, Johnson spoke in Jonesborough, and
+denied <i>most solemnly that he ever had a relative by the name of Madison
+Johnson&mdash;denied that a man of that name had ever been hung in
+Raleigh&mdash;and asserted that the man hung there in 1841 was by the name of
+Scott&mdash;a nephew, he said, of General Winfield Scott!</i> This bold denial,
+made in the presence of a large and anxious crowd, overwhelmed us <i>for
+the time being</i>, as Johnson was raised in the vicinity of Raleigh, and
+had learned his trade there. He was supposed to know, and for the moment
+we were branded with falsehood. To aid him in his war upon us, the
+"<i>Jonesborough Sentinel</i>," Johnson's organ, came out upon us, and
+noticed his denial of our charge and his speech, in an article of which
+the following is an extract:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Brownlow said, some time back, that Col. Johnson had a cousin
+hung in North Carolina. The Colonel developed the fact the day
+he used up or skinned Brownlow alive in Jonesborough, <i>that
+instead of its being his cousin, it was the nephew of Gen.
+Winfield Scott</i>, now a <i>quasi</i> Coon candidate for the
+Presidency. Brownlow <i>is so silent</i>!"</p></div>
+
+<p>After this, the Sentinel noticed us again, and this notice drew out
+<span class="smcap">Weston R. Gales</span>, the then editor of the Raleigh Register, in the
+following:</p>
+
+<h4>EDITORIAL COMPLIMENTS.</h4>
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>"We find the following editorial in the 'Jonesboro' (Tenn.)
+Sentinel,' a Locofoco print, in relation to the editor of the
+'Jonesboro Whig:'</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Brownlow</span> made an awkward attempt last week to caricature a
+person who was hung some years ago in North Carolina, whom he
+termed the cousin of Col. <span class="smcap">Johnson</span>. But it turns out to have
+been the nephew of Gen. <span class="smcap">Winfield Scott</span>, a distinguished Coon
+leader. Poor <span class="smcap">Brownlow</span>!&mdash;it ought to be his time next. Wonder
+how many hen-roosts he robbed last summer?"</p>
+
+<p>"We have nothing to do with whose time it is to be hung next,
+nor with the number of hen-roosts robbed, nor by whom robbed,
+but we will take occasion to correct the 'Sentinel' as to the
+person hung here 'some years ago.'</p>
+
+<p>"In the spring of 1841, a man named <span class="smcap">Madison Johnson</span> was hung in
+this place for the murder of <span class="smcap">Henry Beasley</span>, but we were not
+aware that he was any relation of Col. <span class="smcap">Johnson</span>, if it be meant
+thereby Col. <span class="smcap">R. M. Johnson</span>, of Kentucky. He was, however,
+connected with <span class="smcap">A. Johnson</span>, the candidate for Congress in the
+Jonesboro' District, <span class="smcap">Madison</span> and he being first cousins.</p>
+
+<p>"The last man hung in this place by the name of <span class="smcap">Scott</span>, was
+<span class="smcap">Mason Scott</span>, in 1820, and if the 'Sentinel' means to reflect
+upon the Whig party by saying he was a nephew of Gen. <span class="smcap">Winfield
+Scott</span>, a 'distinguished Coon leader,' we are willing for him to
+indulge in such misstatements.</p>
+
+<p>"IF THE 'SENTINEL' HAD TAKEN THE TROUBLE TO CONSULT MR. A.
+JOHNSON ON THE SUBJECT, HE WOULD HAVE SATISFIED HIM OF THE
+FACTS, AS HE WAS IN THIS CITY ABOUT THE TIME MADISON WAS
+EXECUTED."</p></div>
+
+<p>It will be seen, that while Johnson was uttering his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> <i>solemn but false
+denial</i> at Jonesborough, he <i>knew he was lying</i>, for he was in Raleigh
+"<i>about the time Madison was executed!</i>"</p>
+
+<p>But we told our friends to hold on, to have patience, and to give us
+time, and we would make good our charge. Accordingly, in the same issue
+in which we brought out this extract from the Raleigh Register, we
+published the following letter from Gov. <span class="smcap">Morehead</span>, in answer to one we
+had written him:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="right"><span class="smcap">Raleigh</span>, 24th April, 1843.</p>
+
+<p class="right">[<span class="smcap">Executive Office.</span>]</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>&mdash;I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours
+of the 14th inst., requesting me to inform you what was the
+name of the man hung in Raleigh in the spring of 1841.</p>
+
+<p>"His name was MADISON JOHNSON. His case was taken to the
+Supreme Court, and you will find it reported, December Term,
+1840, vol. 1st, page 354, Iredell's Reports.</p>
+
+<p>"He was hung for the murder of Henry Beasley. A strong effort
+was made to procure a pardon for him; but believing his case a
+clear murder, I refused to grant it.</p>
+
+<p>"The only man named Scott that was ever convicted of murder at
+this place, was Mason Scott, in 1820.</p>
+
+<p>"You will find his case reported in the reports of the Supreme
+Court, January Term, 1820, 1st Stark's Reports, page 24.</p>
+
+<p>"I am not aware that any other man named Scott was ever
+convicted of a capital offence in this county.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"I have the honor to be</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"Your most ob't serv't,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"J. M. MOREHEAD."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"Rev. <span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion, after this letter appeared, and Johnson was elected, he
+sent an appointment to Raleigh, for a speech&mdash;attended there, and
+blackguarded and vilified "Morehead and Brownlow" for two hours. He made
+the <i>letter</i> of Morehead the pretext for his abuse, but the real cause
+was the Governor's refusal to <i>pardon his cousin</i>. Johnson was there to
+procure his pardon, and brought every appliance to bear within his
+power, but the North Carolina Governor was inflexible in the discharge
+of his sworn duty! We do not make the point against Johnson that he has
+<i>mean kin</i>, only so far as it may <i>offset</i> his abuse of others, for who
+of us are without mean kinsfolks? But our point is, his <i>deliberate
+lying</i> before a Jonesboro' audience!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p>
+<h4>From the Knoxville Whig of Dec. 1, 1855.]</h4>
+
+<h2>GOVERNOR JOHNSON'S THANKSGIVING DAY.</h2>
+
+
+<p>As the sixth of the present month has been set apart by our Governor, to
+be observed as a day of prayer and thanksgiving to Almighty God for his
+numerous and unmerited mercies conferred upon the people of our State
+and nation; and as it is desirable that the different sects shall act in
+concert on the occasion, and at least pray "with the understanding,"
+that is to say, <i>appropriately</i>, we have been at the trouble to prepare
+a form of prayer for the occasion. This we do in no irreverend spirit,
+but in all candor and sincerity, after this wise:</p>
+
+<p>ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, in whom we live, and move, and have our
+being: we, thy needy creatures, render thee our humble praises, for thy
+preservation of us from the beginning of our lives to this day of public
+thanksgiving, and especially for having delivered us from all the
+dangers and afflictions of the year about to close. By thy knowledge,
+most gracious God, the depths were broken up during the past seed-time
+and harvest, and the rains descended: while by night the clouds
+distilled the gentle dew, filling our barns with plenty: thus crowning
+the year with thy goodness, in the increase of the ground, and the
+gathering in of the fruits thereof. And we beseech thee, O most merciful
+Father, give us a just sense of this great mercy: such as may appear in
+our lives, by an humble, holy, and obedient walking before thee all our
+days!</p>
+
+<p>To thy watchful providence, O most merciful God, we are indebted for all
+our mercies, and not any works or merit of ours; for many of us entered
+into the scramble to elevate to the Executive Chair of the State the
+present incumbent, with a perfect knowledge that he had abused thy Son,
+<span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>, our Lord, on the floor of our State Senate, as a swindler,
+advocating unlawful interest: we knew that he had voted in Congress
+against offering prayers to thee: we knew that he had opposed the
+temperance cause, which is the cause of God and of all mankind: we knew
+that he had vilified the Protestant religion, and slandered the
+Protestant clergy, defending and eulogizing the corruptions of the
+Roman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> Catholic Church, throughout the length and breadth of our State;
+yet such was the force of party ties, O most mighty God, that we went
+into the support of our <span class="smcap">Infidel Governor</span> blind, and, by our zeal in his
+behalf, gave the lie to our professions of piety, rendered ourselves
+hateful in the eyes of all honest and consistent men, meriting a degree
+of punishment we have never received! We do most heartily repent, O
+merciful God, for these shameful sins: we humble ourselves in lowest
+depths of humility, and ask forgiveness of a God whom we have justly
+provoked to anger, and the forgiveness of our insulted brethren, whom we
+have wickedly blackguarded, to the great injury of the cause of Christ!</p>
+
+<p>O most merciful God, who art of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, turn
+not a deaf ear to our supplications on this day, because the day has
+been set apart by a Governor who really does not subscribe to the
+Christian religion; does not attend Divine service; who swears
+profanely; and has insulted Heaven and outraged the feelings of all
+pious Christians, by teaching the blasphemous sentiment that
+Christianity is of no higher or holier origin than his Democracy! Have
+mercy, our Father and God, upon that portion of this congregation who
+have endeavored to find peace to their souls by travelling along the
+"converging lines" of a spurious Democracy, in search of the foot of
+"Jacob's Ladder," and give them repentance and better minds! And do
+thou, O God of pity, show all such, that instead of ascending to heaven
+on an imaginary "Ladder," they are chained fast to the Locomotive of
+Hell, with the Devil for their Chief Engineer, the Pope of Rome as
+Conductor, and an ungodly Governor as Breakman; and that, at more than
+railroad speed, they are driving on to where they are to be eternally
+punished by Him whom thou hast appointed the Judge of quick and dead,
+thy Son <span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>, our Lord. Amen!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig of May 24, 1856.]</h4>
+
+<h2>THE FOREIGN SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The following correspondence will explain itself, whilst it will serve
+to show the spirit which governs this Bogus Foreign Catholic Democracy:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Richmond</span>, April 21, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Rev. and dear Sir</span>:&mdash;It cannot be unkind in me, though
+personally unknown to you, to address you on a subject in which
+our peace as citizens is alike concerned. I see in the
+Fincastle Democrat of 18th inst. what purports to be a review
+of an article of yours in the Knoxville Whig of 5th inst., in
+which I suppose, from the remarks contained in the Democrat, I
+have been very, <i>very</i> severely handled by you, for an offence
+I never committed. You will allow me to say, sir, that I have
+no recollection of ever writing or speaking a disrespectful
+word of you in all my life, but, on the contrary, have
+frequently spoken approvingly of much you have written. Such
+being the fact, you will not be surprised to learn how deeply I
+regret that the purest innocence on my part has failed to be a
+protection against personal abuse. That you have been misled by
+some person, is to my mind very plain, and if, through the
+influence of another, you have inflicted a wound upon one that
+never harmed you, nor ever designed to harm you, is it not
+within the range of a generous nature&mdash;of an honest man&mdash;to
+repair the injury by at once giving up to the injured party the
+name of the deceiver, or publish him to the world as authority
+for the assault, and let him assume its responsibilities?</p>
+
+<p>In a change of circumstances, I should feel bound, by the honor
+of a man, to do that much, and in my present relation to the
+case I ask nothing more. It is perhaps due to you to be
+informed, that I have not seen your article, nor do I know a
+word it contains, and it is due to myself to say that I knew
+nothing of the article in the Democrat assailing you, till I
+saw it in print some hundred of miles from home, where I have
+not yet arrived after an absence of nearly two months. On the
+subject of dues, I may add that it is due to the public that
+the name of the deceiver be given them. I of course suppose him
+to be a man of great personal courage, ready to assume all his
+own responsibilities. In conclusion, permit me to say, that any
+effort on your part to aid in concealing the hand that uses the
+dagger in the dark, will detract largely from the estimate I
+have placed upon your character, as a man without hesitation or
+fear, when the claims of justice are presented. My address is
+Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., and I am very respectfully,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">S. D. HOPKINS.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Knoxville</span>, May 21st, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rev. S. D. Hopkins:</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>&mdash;Through the weakness, mismanagement, and culpable remissness of the
+contemptible Jesuit now at the head of the Post<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> Office Department, and
+his numerous lackeys&mdash;all of whom you sustain in their politics&mdash;a
+letter written by you one month ago was received a few days since, while
+I was absent at a Know Nothing Convention, aiding my political brethren
+in placing before the people of this Congressional District an electoral
+candidate, to aid in the great Christian and patriotic work of
+overthrowing the corrupt, profligate, unprincipled, Foreign Catholic
+Bogus Democratic party, of which <i>you</i> are a member, and in the service
+of which you are an editor! But my delay in replying to your letter
+shall be atoned for in the <i>length</i> and <i>plainness</i> of my reply.</p>
+
+<p>It is true, sir, that I published an editorial in my paper, of some
+severity against you; but the article was in <i>reply</i> to a low, cowardly,
+and abusive editorial against me in the "Fincastle Democrat," of which
+you are the editor. And "you will allow me to say, sir," that at the
+time this attack was made upon me in <i>your</i> paper, I never had said a
+word about you or your paper in my life, either "good, bad, or
+indifferent;" and "if through the influence of another you have
+inflicted a wound upon one that never harmed you, is it not within the
+range of a generous nature&mdash;of an honest man"&mdash;to repair the injury by
+taking back the article, and apologizing through the same medium for the
+injury? If, however, you believe you have not "been misled by some
+person," and have done me no more than justice in that abusive article,
+hold on to it. Having made oath that the horse is <i>fifteen feet high</i>,
+allow of no correction!</p>
+
+<p>In all frankness, you must permit me to say, that I believe you expected
+to find in the office on your return to Fincastle, a letter from me
+demanding your authority for admitting into your paper such an article
+against me, who, as you very well knew, up to that hour had never said
+one word, publicly or privately, against you or your paper. I think you
+concluded to <i>take the start of me</i>, and thus to <i>forestall</i> me, by
+writing from Richmond some twenty-four hours before you would arrive at
+home!</p>
+
+<p>In your paper of the 18th of April, issued only three days before this
+letter was written at Richmond, an editorial of half a column appears,
+in which <i>your</i> paper styles me a "notorious blackguard"&mdash;a "bullying
+blackguard"&mdash;an "unwanted and lying man"&mdash;who "is mean enough to lie,
+cheat, or even steal"&mdash;a man "wearing the garb of righteousness to serve
+the Devil in;" and in the same article, the case of a Locofoco editor,
+who was involved in a shooting scrape on account of his attack upon a
+lady, is actually attributed to <span class="smcap">me</span>! Although you are a Reverend
+Methodist Preacher, and a grave and dignified Steam Doctor, conducting
+one of the organs of the Foreign and Anti-American party in Virginia,
+you must pardon me for saying, as I now do, that in calling upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> me for
+my authority for what I had said in reply to the unmitigated abuse of
+<i>your</i> paper, you have proven to my mind, that if you do not possess the
+cool and collected impudence of the <i>Devil</i>, you are at least possessed
+of the lion-headed impudence of an unprincipled Sag Nicht partisan,
+hired to do the dirty work of an equally unprincipled and dirty
+organization!</p>
+
+<p>But it is due to the history of this controversy that I should say, this
+second attack upon me sets forth that you are from home, and that "the
+<i>Junior</i> is responsible for the article." This might be credited, if, on
+your return home, you had protested against such abuse, but it seems
+from your silence to have met with your heart's approval, and gave
+"general satisfaction," at least to <i>you</i>! It is true that you were
+absent at the time of both these publications, but it does not follow,
+as a matter of course, that you were not the veritable author, and that
+they did not find their way to the "Democrat" office at the same time
+and in the same way that your "Baltimore Correspondence" got there. The
+"Junior," as he styles himself, claims the fraternity; and were it not
+that he is too well known in Fincastle for any sane man to believe that
+<i>he</i> wrote the articles, he might have the credit (if credit there be
+attached to it) of so low, malicious, and lying articles. But he is
+known in Fincastle to be a brainless man, and to be incapable of writing
+a paragraph on any subject. He is known to have no use of language, and
+to be incapable of applying epithets to any one. So that, if <i>you</i> did
+not write these articles, they were manufactured at "Irish Corner," in
+Fincastle, your "Junior" not being able to do it, for the reason that he
+is wholly incapable. My opinion is, that the articles were manufactured
+by the "Great Mogul" of the Anti-American party in your town, and if he
+will only avow himself the author, I will make some disclosures upon him
+that will make him wish himself back in "Swate Ireland," where he
+"lives, and moves, and has his being;" no disclosures are necessary&mdash;his
+books, and his person, damn him to everlasting infamy. He has the
+filthiest-looking mouth, and the most offensive breath, of any man in
+the Valley of Virginia. No man who knows him will meet him square on the
+pavement, or place himself in a position, if it can be avoided, of
+meeting a breeze from that great reservoir of all nastiness, his mouth!
+It is really a wonder how any human being can <span class="smcap">live</span>, and emit all the
+time a stream of such overwhelming and uninterrupted <span class="smcap">stench</span>! You must
+permit me to christen this man as the But-Cut of Original Sin, and the
+Upper-crust of all Nastiness!</p>
+
+<p>It may not set well upon your stomach, that being a "Minister of the
+Gospel, and having the care of souls," I should seem not to place
+implicit confidence in your denial of any participation in this
+unprovoked war upon me. I will be candid with you, and though<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> it is
+possible for me to be mistaken in my views, still, if I am, I am
+honestly deceived. I have no confidence in the moral honesty and
+Christian integrity of any Protestant Preacher, of any denomination, in
+this country, who openly arrays himself against the American party, and
+takes the side of the Catholics, Foreigners, and self-styled Democrats
+associated with them. Nor will I hear one such preach or pray, if I know
+him to be such, and can get out of his hearing. The growing light and
+improvements of this age forbid that an intelligent and pious man and
+minister should identify himself with that party. And the fiery genius,
+corrupting tendencies, and uncompromising intolerance of that party, are
+rapidly driving good and true men out of the party.</p>
+
+<p>There never was a time since the division of parties in this country,
+when I had so little confidence in what is called the Democratic party
+as at present; and as at present organized and constituted, I believe it
+to be the most corrupt organization. It is made up of the odds and ends
+of all factions and parties on the continent, and is one of the most
+anomalous combinations of fanaticism, idolatry, prostitution, crime, and
+absurdities conceivable! The <i>isms</i> composing the party of which you are
+a member, are: Abolitionism; Free-soilism; Agrarianism; Fourieritism;
+Millerism; Radicalism; Woman's Rightsism; Mobism; Mormonism;
+Spiritualism; Locofocoism; Higher-Lawism; Foreign Pauperism;
+Anti-Americanism; Roman Catholicism; Deism, and modern Sag Nichtism! All
+this tide of fanaticism and error, originating North of Mason and
+Dixon's Line, went for Pierce in the last Presidential contest: they are
+with that party now, against the American party; and it is bad company
+in which to find a Protestant minister! Yet, miserable Protestants
+hesitate not to commend these enemies of the natural rights of man, and
+of the Christian religion, as being just as good Christians as their
+neighbors!</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Oh! judgment, thou hast fled to brutish beasts;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And men have not their reason!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But, Doctor, why were you at Baltimore? Why, sir, during the past year,
+you and other conscientious Methodists took it into your heads to
+arraign a young man who was travelling your circuit, Mr. Hall, and, for
+the Church's good, to have him expelled, whose great sin was that he was
+a <i>Know-Nothing</i>, or sympathized with the Order! The authorities of the
+Church, after a patient hearing of the whole case, pro and con,
+acquitted the young man. You followed him up to the Annual Conference,
+as the representative of and attorney for Sag Nichtism. The Conference
+acquitted the young preacher again, and sent him to an enlightened
+circuit in Maryland. This so offended you, and your patriotic, not to
+say <i>pious</i> associates, that, for the Church's good, they resigned
+their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> stewardship in the Church, and were so offended at the course of
+the Presiding Elder, <i>Rev. M. Goheen</i>, than whom there is not a more
+modest, unassuming, conservative Christian gentleman in the Valley of
+Virginia, that, at a recent Quarterly Meeting there, they refused to
+attend church, or to hear him preach. This is just the spirit that
+actuates your party, everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>You demand of me the name or names of such person or persons as have
+given me information in reference to you. Reconsider this demand, if you
+please, and ask yourself if, under all the circumstances, it is not a
+cool piece of impudence. I have published nothing about you upon the
+authority of others, but upon my own authority and responsibility. You
+<i>suspect</i> some of your neighbors for writing to me, and hence you make
+this demand. It is true, I have friends in Fincastle, and some of these
+write to me, and when I publish any thing about you, or any one of your
+associates, and give these friends of mine as authority, I will give you
+their names, if called upon to do so; or I will assume the
+responsibility myself. What I have said in reply to the wicked,
+slanderous, and cowardly assault upon me, in the dirty paper controlled
+by you, I have said upon my own responsibilities, as a man, and as a
+member of the same Church to which you belong; and whether my "peace as
+a citizen" is preserved or destroyed, I am not the man to be intimidated
+or driven from my position. My failure to give you the names of any
+citizens of your vicinity, who may have written me private letters,
+relating to your war upon young Hall, the Circuit Preacher, "will
+detract largely from the estimate you have placed upon my character."
+This I am sorry to hear, as I do not wish to fall below the "estimate"
+placed upon my character in the two issues of your paper, now before me!
+This would be reaching "a lower deep," as the poet classically styles
+it!</p>
+
+<p>Now, sir, I have a letter from a town in Virginia, not far distant from
+Fincastle, written by a gentleman of as "great personal courage" as you
+or myself, who states, that a gentleman who was present at the trial of
+Rev. Mr. Hall, heard you make the assertion, on that occasion, that you
+alone were responsible for all the editorials that appeared in the
+"Democrat," and that the "Junior" partner was not! If you think proper
+to make an issue with this gentleman, you can have his name!</p>
+
+<p>I am, Dr. Hopkins, your humble servant,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><i>Editor of the Knoxville Whig.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p>
+<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig.]</h4>
+
+<h2>TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE.</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Villainous Sir</span>:&mdash;Letters from my friends in the West inform me that you
+are making a full team in the service of the Devil, Locofocoism, and
+crime, in portions of Missouri and Kentucky! You have recently held
+forth in Charleston, a pleasant post-village, the capital of Mississippi
+county, Missouri, about six miles south-west of the "Father of Waters!"
+In that town you undertook to inform the good people, the Circuit Judge
+being present, <i>who I am</i>, and to demonstrate that I am not entitled to
+credit in any thing I say! You claimed to have once lived in East
+Tennessee&mdash;to know the people and the country&mdash;and to have known William
+T. Senter and James Y. Crawford, two other Methodist preachers, whose
+<i>pedigrees</i> you pretend to give!</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Senter was an able man&mdash;a moral and upright man&mdash;and a Whig
+Representative in Congress, from the District you represented <i>in the
+jail of Sullivan county</i>, for a long time previous to your being
+<i>branded in the hand and on the cheeks</i>, for MANSLAUGHTER, the
+particulars of which I will remind you of before I close this familiar
+letter! Mr. Senter could have gone to Congress longer, but voluntarily
+retired. Mr. Crawford was a brother-in-law to Mr. Senter, and was a
+preacher of respectable talents, and in good standing in his Church.
+They are both in their graves, beyond the reach of your malice, where
+the sound of your infamous voice, and the words of your lying tongue,
+can never penetrate their ears! But I am still above ground, daily
+kicking, and making war upon the Locofoco Paupers and Foreign Catholics,
+as well as Native Traitors, with whom you are associated, and with whom
+you act in politics. I acknowledge myself to be game for you to hunt
+down!</p>
+
+<p>You are now a <i>Campbellite preacher</i> as well as a <i>Sag Nicht
+Missionary</i>; and the garb of religion you wear, gives a degree of weight
+to your falsehoods and slanders, among strangers, that they otherwise
+would not have. The idea of "<i>Stev Tribble</i>," who ingloriously fled from
+this country for crimes he could not meet in open court, being a
+preacher, and itinerating through the West, "in search of the lost sheep
+of the house of Israel," is so ridiculous, as scarcely to be believed at
+all, although there is no doubt but what he has been regularly installed
+in Kentucky, and now has the "care of souls."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Why, you unmitigated old villain, your whole career, from your "youth
+up," has been one of crime and revolting blackguardism. While a boy and
+a young man, where Hoss's school was taught in Washington county, your
+vulgar conversation, immoral practices, indecent habits, and
+blackguardism, disgusted the entire neighborhood, and rendered you so
+odious that no decent family would board you! All the waters of the
+far-famed <i>Jordan</i>, in the palmiest days of that bold stream, were not
+sufficient to wash your sins away! If the Lord Bishop of London were to
+<i>immerse</i> you as often as "seventy times seven," in the waters of "bold
+Jordan," and in the name of the holy Trinity, you would still remain
+what you were when you fled from this country to avoid the extreme
+penalty of the law&mdash;one of the greatest scoundrels for whom Christ died!</p>
+
+<p>Yourself and half-brother <i>Havron</i> were confined in Blountville Jail,
+for the murder of <i>William Humphreys</i>, a promising young man, whom you
+brutally assaulted and murdered in open daylight in the streets of
+Kingsport, in Sullivan county, and without provocation! <i>You</i> were tried
+and convicted of <i>manslaughter</i>, and branded in the <i>hand</i> and on the
+<i>cheek</i>. After being branded, you <i>bit the letters out of your hand</i>,
+and <i>clawed them out of your face</i>, but the <i>scars</i> are to be seen in
+both. Indeed, I have been written to, to know why these scars are on
+your face! I take this method of answering those inquiries; and
+publishing them in my "Whig," which has a circulation of 5,000, and our
+"Campaigner," which circulates 7,000 copies, I shall be able to
+introduce you to as many persons as may have heard you preach my
+funeral.</p>
+
+<p>While in the Blountville Jail, with your half-brother, Havron, whose
+blow killed Humphreys, after you had weakened him, you caught hold of
+the jailor, Montgomery Irvin, and held him in a scuffle, when he entered
+the room with your dinner, until Havron made his escape. Havron would
+have pulled hemp, had he not escaped; and had our penitentiary system
+existed at that time, you would have been sentenced for life! But you
+would not have remained there longer than the past summer, as we have a
+Governor who pardons out all such men, and has more sympathies for them
+than any other Executive Officer in the nation. You have a half-brother
+who is a Sag Nicht member of our Legislature, and a great friend and
+supporter of our Governor and his foreign associates, and he could have
+turned you out and procured for you an office if you had remained. But
+then you followed the teachings of "the spirit" of Sag Nichtism, in
+leaving between two days, and emigrating to Kentucky, as many precious
+souls would never have "heard the word," or had their sin washed away,
+but for you!</p>
+
+<p>In an unmentionable and disgraceful enterprise, you became possessed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> of
+a <i>broken leg</i>, and were mean enough to abscond without paying the bill
+of your physician, Dr. Patton, whose unremitting attention saved you
+from your grave, and from the clutches of the Devil, sooner than the old
+fellow was prepared for your reception! If you had the honor of a first
+class thief, you would pay this medical bill out of the proceeds of the
+first public collection you take up, either in Missouri or Kentucky. And
+if you suffer it to go unpaid until your infinitely infernal career is
+wound up, the Day of Judgment will disclose the manner of your breaking
+your leg! If I were you, I would sooner pay this bill now, than to be
+asked in the great day how my leg was broken!</p>
+
+<p>Disgraced as you are, unprincipled and villainous, you have gone into
+Kentucky, taken upon yourself "holy orders," and married a wife,
+imposing most shamefully upon the family into which you married. The
+woman you have thus imposed upon, would be justifiable now, in the eyes
+of both God and man, in forsaking you and applying for a divorce. And no
+court or jury would refuse her application, when made acquainted with
+your character.</p>
+
+<p>It is a remarkable fact&mdash;one that I desire to call, not so much to your
+notice, as to the notice of the public generally&mdash;that while all the
+members of this Foreign Democratic party are by no means villains,
+destitute of principle; yet, all the assassins, cut-throats, thieves,
+and hypocrites in the country have crowded into the ranks of that party!
+Fawned upon, fostered and pampered by the villainous leaders,
+demagogues, and tricksters of the party, who need the services of all
+such scavengers, you are encouraged to act with them. These leaders, who
+are really no better than you are, <i>generously</i> admit you to a
+fellowship, and <i>courteously</i> acknowledge all such abandoned rascals to
+be their equals! Such men, to a great extent, now constitute the
+free-democracy of the country&mdash;they desecrate the ballot-box&mdash;disgust
+decent men wherever they come in contact with them&mdash;blaspheme the name
+of God&mdash;and swear that they will either rule or ruin the country!</p>
+
+<p>But, Sir, it was said of a certain man in the Scriptures, that he was a
+"sinner above all the sinners that dwell in Jerusalem." So it may in
+perfect truth be said of you, that you are a scoundrel above all the
+scoundrels in the hateful ranks of Sag Nichtism. You deserve, for your
+depraved course of life, a greater punishment than you have received or
+are likely to receive in this life. The guilt of foul calumny, of the
+most black and odious kind, attaches to every sentence uttered by your
+lying tongue. Guilt, the offspring of fiend-like malice, shamefully
+false, deeply corrupt, and badly matured: perfidy, dishonesty, and rank
+poison&mdash;hot incense of murder, theft, inhuman spoliation, and deep, dark
+forebodings of damnation have been rooted and grounded in your heart,
+for lo!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> these many years! Dark despair, endless death, inexpressible
+misery, manifold, and worse than death, follow in the ghastly train of
+your crimes, and riot in your corrupt bosom, as with infernal
+drunkenness of delight! The record of your deep depravity, of your utter
+want of principle, and of your ten thousand villainous exploits, is
+<i>stereotyped</i> upon the burning sands of eternity, and stamped on the
+imperishable walls of the <i>rotunda</i> of the Devil's Hell, to which you
+are driving at railroad speed! In upper East Tennessee, where you are
+known, it would disgrace an <i>Algerine Bandit</i> to sit and hear you
+pretend to preach! <i>You</i> pretend to preach Christ and him crucified, and
+<i>immerse</i> persons in the name of the Trinity! Shrouded in the <i>sackcloth
+and ashes</i> of disgrace, enclosed in a <i>vault</i> filled to the brim with
+<i>buried and putrefied venality</i>, and steeped to the very nose and chin
+in crime, how dare you attempt to preach!</p>
+
+<p>I repeat, you vile slanderer of the living and the dead, that, in
+justice to the cause of God and of civilization, I will keep spread the
+unfurled banner of your infamy on every breeze, and cause it to float in
+the atmosphere of every State in this Union, until your very <i>name</i>
+becomes a mockery and a by-word! And I call upon the people of Kentucky
+and Missouri to ring the loud knell of your infamy, from steep to steep,
+and from valley to valley, until their swelling sounds are heard in
+startling echoes, mingling with the rush of the criminal's torrent, and
+the mighty cataract's earthquake-voice!</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow</span>,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><i>Editor of the Knoxville Whig.</i></span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">June 7th, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p>
+<h2>AN EXPOSE OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The following articles, setting forth the <span class="smcap">designs</span> and <span class="smcap">tendency</span> of
+Romanism in the United States, appeared in the "<span class="smcap">Knoxville Whig</span>" of May
+and June, 1856, and will speak for themselves. The writer has opposed
+the Papal Hierarchy for twenty years; and in a series of articles, now
+filed in a number of the "<span class="smcap">Jonesborough Whig</span>," published <i>sixteen years
+ago</i>, he <i>predicted</i> that the very state of things we are now realizing
+would come upon us as soon as the year 1860, and that the party calling
+itself by the revered name of <i>Democrat</i>, would identify itself with
+political Romanism!</p>
+
+
+<h3>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.&mdash;NO. I.</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The American Party and the Religious Test&mdash;The Louisiana
+Delegation and the Gallican Catholics&mdash;The vote of the
+Philadelphia Convention to admit the Louisiana Delegates&mdash;The
+American Councils in Louisiana&mdash;Catholics proper cannot be true
+citizens of a Republic.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is sometimes said by the Anties, that the American party, at their
+late Philadelphia Convention, dismissed the Catholic Question from their
+platform, and that they admitted into their Council a Catholic
+Delegation from Louisiana. We were in that Convention, from the hour of
+its opening until its final close, and we deny both statements. The
+fifth and tenth sections of the platform adopted at Philadelphia, and
+for which we voted, are in the following words, and they express all our
+platform says upon that subject:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+(whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+allegiance or obligation of any description to any foreign
+prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+Federal and State Constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.</p>
+
+<p>10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no
+interference with religious faith or worship, and no tests
+oaths for office.</p></div>
+
+<p>The American party was against political Romanism&mdash;against all who
+acknowledge any allegiance to a foreign Prince, Potentate, or Power; or
+who acknowledge any authority on earth, higher<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> and more binding than
+the Constitutions of our States, and General Government. And those who
+are familiar with the temporal assumptions of Popery, and the political
+intrigues of the Order of Jesuits, can have no other feelings than those
+of disgust, upon hearing the Locofoco demagogues of the country cry out
+against the American party for their opposition to the poor Catholics!
+Against Popes confined to <i>Rome</i>, we make no war; but against Popes
+usurping civil and spiritual authority, in America, we protest most
+solemnly, and intend to make war, unrelenting and unceasing war!</p>
+
+<p>The Louisiana Delegation, five in number, were <i>two</i> Methodist&mdash;<i>one</i>
+Old School Presbyterian&mdash;one Episcopalian&mdash;and the other, Mr. Eustes, a
+member of Congress, not a member of any Church. Those gentlemen
+presented their credentials for admission, and they were objected to,
+because Roman Catholics were admitted into the Order by the Louisiana
+State Council. A warm debate ensued, on a motion to admit the
+Delegation, on their credentials, which finally prevailed, by yeas 67,
+nays 50, many of the members having left for their lodgings, because of
+the lateness of the hour, and of their fatigue. <i>We</i> were in favor of
+their admission, and so was Mr. Nelson, of East Tennessee, and we both
+claim to be <i>ultra</i> Protestant, if the reader please.</p>
+
+<p>The "Catholicism" of Louisiana, we wish it borne in mind&mdash;that is the
+Gallican wing of the Church&mdash;is a very different species of
+"Catholicism" from that of our Irish and German Hierarchy taught in this
+country, under the training of Archbishop Hughes and Monseigneur Bedini,
+the Pope's villainous Nuncio. The French Gallican Church has so little
+respect for the Pope of Rome, that when the King of Sardinia was in
+Paris, less than twelve months ago, though he was under the interdict of
+a Papal Bull of excommunication from Pius IX., the Gallican Archbishops
+of Pius, and other Priests associated with them, visited him regularly,
+and tendered him unbounded courtesies and honors. The Gallican wing of
+the Catholic Church of France is liberal, as well as hostile to the
+insulting claims and pretensions of the Pope. But it is diluted still
+more with liberality, and with opposition to these claims of the Pope,
+among the French Creoles of Louisiana. Most of them, though Roman
+Catholics by name, from being educated in the forms of the Roman Church,
+have just about as much respect for Rome, and confidence in the Pope, as
+we have, and God knows that is very little. They denounce Papal Bulls,
+interdicts, and Nuncios. They throw off all temporal and spiritual
+allegiance to the Pope&mdash;the civil authorities of the United States with
+them are supreme&mdash;they are American born&mdash;and hence, our platform does
+not exclude them, and consequently they were admitted at Philadelphia,
+or, which is the same, their representatives.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In 1652, under Louis XIV., the Gallican clergy met in Paris, and adopted
+the following point: "That the Pope has no power, of <i>Divine right</i>, to
+interfere with the temporal affairs of independent States." Thus, the
+Catholics of Louisiana rejecting the doctrine of the temporal power of
+the Pope, are not proscribed by the American party. They constitute a
+sound portion of the American party.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lathrop, a Presbyterian Elder, and a Delegate from Louisiana, read
+to the Convention from the ritual of the subordinate organizations of
+the American party of Louisiana, and showed that, while it admitted
+those to membership who professed the Roman Catholic religion, IT
+REQUIRED OF THEM THE DENIAL OF ALLEGIANCE TO ANY TEMPORAL AUTHORITY NOT
+COGNIZABLE IN THE STATE AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS; and from each
+secured a pledge, UPON OATH, that they would not divulge the secrets of
+the Order! He defended the Louisiana Catholics, as being true Americans,
+recognizing no civil or spiritual power in their Priests, and resisting
+every attempt, whether by a Bishop or Priest, to interfere with the
+institutions of our country. He cited cases which had occurred in
+Louisiana, of controversies between the Clergy and Laity, for the
+control of Church property, and the decisions of courts over which
+Gallican Catholic Judges presided, in favor of titles and control
+vesting in Trustees, the Laity. He showed that the native Catholics of
+Louisiana were the friends of common schools, and the advocates of
+popular education. He proclaimed aloud that the native Catholics of his
+State recognized no persons as proper depositaries of office, who
+acknowledged an allegiance to any person, civil or ecclesiastical,
+superior to that of the laws and Constitution of our country. He
+proclaimed that the Nuncios of the Pope of Rome hated these Louisiana
+Catholics, with a more perfect hatred than they did the "apostle
+heretics" called Protestants! This speech was received with unbounded
+applause, the question was called, and, as we have before stated, it was
+sanctioned, very properly too, by a vote of 67 to 50!</p>
+
+<p>The American party not only advocate religious toleration, but religious
+liberty, which is a very different thing. Toleration is not the word in
+our vocabulary&mdash;it does not express enough, because it implies the right
+to <i>permit</i> or <i>prohibit</i>. We contend for <span class="smcap">liberty</span>, the meaning of which
+is, that men are not responsible <i>to each other, to Popes, Bishops, or
+Priests</i>, for their religious opinions or practices, and that
+consequently religion is not a subject of toleration.</p>
+
+<p>The Catholics, proper, have taken an oath of allegiance to the Pope of
+Rome, a "foreign prince, potentate, and power," and their obligations to
+him are higher, more sacred, and more binding, than<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> any obligations
+they can take upon them to support the laws and Constitution of this
+country. These are the men that we refuse to vote for, or put in office.
+They are not and cannot be true Americans. The oaths of the priests bind
+them to war upon all Protestant sects, and upon all Republican powers of
+Government. These oaths bind them to the foot of the Papal Throne; and
+with these oaths upon their souls, they cannot be true citizens of this
+Republic without perjury. And if guilty of perjury, the State prison
+should be their residence.</p>
+
+<p>In our next, we shall consider this subject more at length, in
+connection with the oath of allegiance to our country, and the Catholic
+evasion of that oath.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION&mdash;No. 2.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Ambiguous terms in swearing&mdash;The case of Judge Gaston&mdash;Temporal
+power of the Pope&mdash;Catholic authorities in Europe&mdash;The spirit
+of the Catholic press in America!</p></div>
+
+
+<p>We are told by the Democratic sympathizers with the Catholics, that all
+Catholic emigrants to this country take an oath of allegiance to the
+United States upon becoming naturalized. Yes, they do, and the oath
+after it is taken, has no more weight with them, than has a
+regular-built Know Nothing speech.</p>
+
+<p>Here is a paragraph from <span class="smcap">Sanchez</span>, the highest authority in the Catholic
+Church, Pope Pius only excepted. This writer, "by authority," shows how
+this oath of allegiance is evaded by a mental reservation:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It is lawful to use ambiguous terms to give the impression a
+different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+a certain day, or before he was born, or by any other similar
+circumstances, which gives another meaning to it. This is
+extremely convenient, and always very just, when necessary to
+your health, honor or prosperity."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here, then, we have it from the highest Catholic authority, that
+Catholics are absolved from all allegiance to this government, because
+they take the oath of allegiance without committing perjury, by the holy
+process of a mental reservation&mdash;the use of "ambiguous terms," setting
+forth one thing while they swear another! We have no doubt that Chief
+Justice <span class="smcap">Taney</span>, a devoted Catholic of Baltimore, and now at the head of
+the Supreme Court of the United States, took his oath of office
+requiring him to support the Constitution, with this same mental
+reservation. We have no doubt that those Catholic Judges upon the
+Federal Bench in several States in the Union, and those Catholic
+Attorney Generals, appointed to office by Mr. Pierce, so understood
+their oaths of office, and of allegiance! And the practice of
+Post-Master General Campbell, a bigoted Catholic, and a member of the
+order of Jesuits, proves that he so understood his oath to support the
+Constitution. As true Catholics, they are bound to swear with this
+mental<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> reservation, because they could not owe allegiance to a
+government of "heretics," such as they believe ours to be. As Catholics,
+they are bound to overthrow our Constitution, and aid in the destruction
+of our government.</p>
+
+<p>It is a matter of history that when the Legislature of North Carolina
+elected Judge <span class="smcap">Gaston</span> to the Supreme Bench in that State, he hesitated as
+to whether he would take the oath or not. And why? He was, although an
+able man, and in all the private relations of life a most excellent man,
+a decided and devoted Roman Catholic. This is not all. The oath of a
+Judge in that State, which is not common in other States, requires the
+man taking it to avow his belief in the Protestant religion. Judge
+Gaston asked for a few days to consider&mdash;he went instantly to Baltimore,
+as was believed, to consult the Catholic Bishop, who then resided
+there&mdash;obtained a dispensation, as was supposed&mdash;wrote back that he
+would accept the office&mdash;returned, was qualified, and to the day of his
+death was on the Bench! This affair illustrates Romanism. And what Rome
+was, she is, and always will be. Can Rome change? Can the Ethiopian
+change his skin, or the leopard his spots?</p>
+
+<p>Here is what Philopater, an approved Catholic authority of the first
+grade, says, touching the principle in controversy:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"All theologians and ecclesiastical lawyers affirm that every
+Christian government, as soon as it openly abandons the <i>Romish
+faith</i>, is instantly degraded from all power and dignity: all
+the subjects are absolved from the oath of fidelity and
+obedience which they have taken, and they may and ought, if
+they have the power, to drive such government from every
+Christian State, as an apostate, heretic, and deserter from
+Jesus Christ. This certain and indubitable decision of all the
+most learned men is perfectly conformed to the most apostolic
+doctrines."</p></div>
+
+<p>Our Locofoco advocates of Romanism deny that the Pope lays claim to the
+supremacy charged by the American party. On this point, we desire that
+the Catholics may speak for themselves. One of their standard writers,
+<span class="smcap">Farraris</span>, in his Ecclesiastical Dictionary, a work endorsed by their
+Council of Bishops and Cardinals, under the article headed "Pope," uses
+this emphatic and expressive language:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Pope is of such dignity and highness, that he is not
+simply man, but, as it were, God, and the vicar of God. Hence
+the Pope is such supreme and sovereign dignity, that, properly
+speaking, he is not merely constituted in dignity, but is
+rather placed on the very summit of dignities. Hence, also, the
+Pope is rather father of fathers, and he alone can use this
+name, because he only can be called father of fathers: since he
+possesses the primacy over all, is truly greater than all, and
+the greatest of all. He is called most holy, because he is
+presumed to be such. On account of the excellency of his
+supreme dignity, he is called bishop of bishops, ordinary of
+ordinaries, universal bishop of the Church, bishop of diocesan,
+of the whole world, divine monarch, supreme emperor, and king
+of kings."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Peter Dens</span>, of Maynooth College notoriety, whose "Theology" is the
+highest Catholic authority known this side of the Vatican at Rome, gives
+entire the Bull of Pope Sixtus V. against the King of Navarre and the
+Prince of Conde, whom he styles the <i>sons of wrath</i>. In this Bull,
+issued in the year 1585, he says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The authority given to Saint Peter and his successors, by the
+immense power of the eternal King, <i>excels all the power of
+earthly kings and princes</i>. It passeth uncontrollable sentence
+upon them all. And if it find any of them resisting God's
+obedience, it takes more severe vengeance on them, casting them
+down from their thrones, however powerful they may be, and
+tumbling them down to the lowest parts of the earth, as the
+ministers of aspiring Lucifer."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here is what <i>Daniel O'Connell</i> said so late as 1843, and he was a true
+Catholic and a true exponent of this faith:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"You should do all in your power to carry out the intentions of
+His Holiness the Pope. Where you have the electoral franchise,
+give your votes to none but those who will assist you in so
+holy a struggle.</p>
+
+<p>"I declare my most unequivocal submission to the Head of the
+Church, and to the hierarchy in its different orders. If the
+Bishop makes a declaration on this bill, I never would be heard
+speaking against it, but would submit at once unequivocally to
+that decision. They have only to decide, and I close my mouth:
+they have only to determine, and I obey. I wish it to be
+understood that <i>such is the duty of all Catholics</i>."&mdash;<i>Daniel
+O'Connell</i>, 1843.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here comes one of the Pope's organs in France:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A heretic, examined and convicted by the Church, used to be
+delivered over to the secular power and punished with death.
+Nothing has ever appeared to us more necessary. More than one
+hundred thousand persons perished in consequence of the heresy
+of Wickliffe; a still greater number for that of John Huss; and
+it would not be possible to calculate the bloodshed caused by
+Luther; and it is not yet over."&mdash;<i>Paris Univers.</i></p>
+
+<p>"As for myself, what I regret, I frankly own, is that they did
+not burn John Huss sooner, and that they did not likewise burn
+Luther; this happened because there was not found some prince
+sufficiently politic to stir up a crusade against
+Protestants."&mdash;<i>Paris Univers.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>But here is the Pope himself arguing with the authorities already
+quoted:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The absurd or erroneous doctrines or ravings in defence of
+liberty of conscience, is a most pestilential error&mdash;a pest, of
+all others, most to be dreaded in a State."&mdash;<i>Encyclical Letter
+of Pope Pius IX., Aug.</i> 15, 1852.</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, let us hear their organs in our own country:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heresy and unbelief are crimes, and in Christian countries,
+like Italy and Spain for instance, where all the people are
+Catholics, and where the Christian religion is an essential
+part of the law of the land, they are punished as other
+crimes."&mdash;<i>R. C. Archbishop of St. Louis.</i></p>
+
+<p>"For our own part, we take this opportunity of expressing our
+hearty delight at the suppression of the Protestant chapel at
+Rome. This may be thought intolerant, but when, we would ask,
+<i>did we ever profess to be tolerant of Protestantism</i>, or favor
+the doctrine that Protestantism <i>ought to be tolerated</i>?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> On
+the contrary, we hate Protestantism&mdash;we detest it with our
+whole heart and soul, and we pray that our aversion to it may
+never decrease. We hold it meet that in the Eternal City no
+worship repugnant to <i>God</i> should be tolerated, and we are
+sincerely glad that the enemies of truth are no longer allowed
+to meet together in the capital of the Christian
+world."&mdash;<i>Pittsburg Catholic Visitor</i>, 1848.</p>
+
+<p>"No good government can exist without religion; and there can
+be no religion without an <i>Inquisition</i>, which is wisely
+designed for the promotion and protection of the true
+faith."&mdash;<i>Boston Pilot.</i></p>
+
+<p>"You ask, if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+in a minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+circumstances. If it would <i>benefit the cause of Catholicism</i>,
+he would tolerate you&mdash;if expedient, he would imprison
+you&mdash;banish you&mdash;possibly, <i>hang you</i>&mdash;but be assured of one
+thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+<i>'glorious principles' of civil and religious
+liberty.</i>"&mdash;<i>Rambler.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Protestantism of every form has not and never can have any
+rights where Catholicity is triumphant."&mdash;<i>Brownson's Quarterly
+Review.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the lying
+world, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+the State, <i>summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+Church, its divinely constituted judge</i>."&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p>
+
+<p>"I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church
+without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection,
+approval, and endorsement."&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>In view of the foregoing, and other facts and arguments which we will
+hereafter present, we cannot be mistaken in our views of Roman
+Catholicism. We cannot tamely surrender our dearest rights as
+Protestants, without a struggle. We cannot cry peace, peace, when there
+is no peace!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Protestantism, of every kind, Catholicity inserts in her
+catalogue of moral sins; she endures it when and where she
+must; but she hates it, and directs all her energies to effect
+its destruction."&mdash;<i>St. Louis Shepherd of the Valley.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Religious liberty, in the sense of a liberty possessed by
+every man to choose his religion, is one of the most wretched
+delusions ever foisted on this age by the father of
+deceit."&mdash;<i>The Rambler</i>, 1853.</p>
+
+<p>"The Church is of necessity intolerant. Heresy she endures when
+and where she must, but she hates it, and directs all her
+energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an immense
+numerical majority in this country, religious freedom is at an
+end. So say our enemies. So say we."&mdash;<i>Shepherd of the Valley.</i></p>
+
+<p>"The liberty of heresy and unbelief is not a right.... All the
+rights the sects have, or can have, are derived from the State,
+and rest on expediency. As they have, in their character of
+sects hostile to the true religion, no rights under the law of
+nature or the law of God, they are neither wronged nor deprived
+of liberty, if the State refuses to grant them any rights at
+all."&mdash;<i>Brownson's Review, Oct., 1853</i>, p. 456.</p>
+
+<p>"The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap,
+and shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"&mdash;<i>Ibid, October, 1852</i>,
+pp. 554-8.</p>
+
+<p>"We think the 'masses' were never less happy, less respectable,
+and less respected, than they have been since the reformation,
+and particularly within the last fifty or one hundred years,
+since Lord Brougham caught the mania of teaching them to read
+and communicate the disease to a large proportion of the
+English nation; of which, in spite of all our talk, we are
+often the servile imitators."&mdash;<i>Shepherd of the Valley, Oct.
+22, 1853.</i></p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION&mdash;No. 3.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Catholic Church supreme over all authorities&mdash;Meddling in
+Political Contests&mdash;Brownson's Review and the Boston Pilot
+reflecting the sentiments of that Church&mdash;Protestants
+advocating Romanism&mdash;The Nashville Union in 1835.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The Anti-American, Foreign-loving, Catholic admirers of the Locofoco
+school of politics, everywhere seek to frighten native Protestant
+citizens with the bugbear cry of religious proscription. But let
+Americans and Protestants watch with increased vigilance both the Roman
+and Locofoco Jesuits around them. To call the damnable and accursed
+system of political intrigue practised for past centuries by the Roman
+Church by the term <i>Religion</i>, is a solemn mockery of the hallowed word.
+Religion teaches love and obedience to God, and the legally constituted
+authorities of the country. Romanism teaches fear of and obedience to a
+crowned potentate called the Pope, and opposition to all Protestant
+governments, as worthy to be cast down to hell! The one tends to free
+and ennoble the soul: the other to enslave and debauch every faculty of
+man's nature which likens him to the Almighty! The one is republican:
+the other is barbaric, and at war with every principle of free
+government!</p>
+
+<p>The American party does oppose and denounce Romanism <i>as a political
+system at war</i> with American institutions; and we here ask candid men to
+weigh the evidence we shall adduce to sustain this charge. We shall
+quote none other than Roman Catholic authority&mdash;the organs of
+Romanism&mdash;so as out of their own mouths to condemn them. Brownson's
+Review is the accredited organ of Romanism in the United States. He
+ostentatiously parades the names of the Archbishops and Bishops on the
+cover of his Review, to give it the stamp of authority, and asserts in
+the work:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">"I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church
+without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection,
+approval, and endorsement."</span></p></div>
+
+<p>Let us then look to his pages for an exposition of the doctrines of his
+Church. In the January number for 1853, he says:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"For every Catholic at least, the Church is the supreme judge
+of the extent and limits of her power. She can be judged by no
+one; and this of itself implies her absolute supremacy, and
+that the temporal order must receive its laws from her."</p></div>
+
+<p>The uniform practice of the Church of Rome has been, and still is, to
+assert her power&mdash;not in <i>words</i>, but in <i>deeds</i>&mdash;to GIVE OR TAKE AWAY
+CROWNS&mdash;to depose ungodly rulers, and to absolve their subjects from
+their "horrible" <span class="smcap">oaths of allegiance</span>!</p>
+
+<p>Again, in the July number for 1853, Brownson says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church is supreme, and you have no power except what you
+hold in subordination to her, either in spirituals or in
+temporals.... You no more have political than ecclesiastical
+independence. The Church alone, under God, is independent, and
+she defines both your powers and hers."</p>
+
+<p>"They have heard it said from their youth up that the Church
+has nothing to do with politics; that she has received no
+mission in regard to the political order."</p>
+
+<p>"In opposing the nonjuring bishops and priests, they believed
+they were only asserting their national rights as men, or as
+the State, and were merely resisting the unwarrantable
+assumption of the spiritual power. If they had been distinctly
+taught that the political authority is always subordinate to
+the spiritual, and had grown up in the doctrine that the nation
+is not competent to define, in relation to the ecclesiastical
+power, its own rights&mdash;that the Church defines both its powers
+and her own, and that though the nation may be, and ought to
+be, independent in relation to other nations, it has, and can
+have, no independence in the face of the Church, the kingdom of
+God on earth: they would have seen at a glance that support of
+the civil authority against the spiritual, no matter in what
+manner, was the renunciation of their faith as Catholics, and
+the actual or virtual assertion of the supremacy of the
+temporal power."</p></div>
+
+<p>In the same number, page 301, he says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"She (the Church) has the right to judge who has, or has not,
+according to the law of God, the right to reign: whether the
+prince has, by his infidelity, his misdeeds, his tyranny and
+oppression, forfeited his trust, and lost his right to the
+allegiance of his subjects; and therefore whether they are
+still held to their allegiance, or are released from it by the
+law of God. If she have the right to judge, she has the right
+to pronounce judgment, and order its execution: therefore to
+pronounce sentence of deposition upon the prince who has
+forfeited his right to reign, and to declare his subjects
+absolved from their allegiance to him, and free to elect
+themselves a new sovereign."</p></div>
+
+<p>We might multiply authorities of this kind on this point, to an almost
+indefinite extent, from the debate between Bishop Hughes and Mr.
+Breckenridge, and the controversy between Hughes and Erastus Brooks, but
+it is wholly unnecessary.</p>
+
+<p>As early as 1844, the Catholics took their stand as a body in the arena
+of political strife; and the illustrious <span class="smcap">Clay</span> and the virtuous
+<span class="smcap">Frelinghuysen</span> were the victims of their particular hostility. Mr.
+Frelinghuysen was the President of the Board of Foreign Missions, and
+this was made the <i>excuse</i> for the bitter animosity of the Catholic
+press, and of the clergy and membership<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> of the Catholic sect, against
+Mr. Clay. Brownson, in his July number for 1844, in the very heat of the
+contest, thus assailed Mr. Clay:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"He is ambitious, but short-sighted. He is abashed by no
+inconsistency, disturbed by no contradiction, and can defend,
+with a firm countenance, without the least misgiving, what
+everybody but himself sees to be a political fallacy or logical
+absurdity.... He is no more disturbed by being convinced of
+moral insensibility, than intellectual absurdity.... A man of
+rare abilities, but apparently void of both moral and
+intellectual conscience.... He is, therefore, a man whom no
+power under that of the Almighty can restrain; he must needs be
+the most dangerous man to be placed at the head of affairs it
+is possible to conceive."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Boston Pilot, another Catholic organ, published under the eye of the
+Bishop, discloses <i>the same plot</i>, in its issue for the 31st of October,
+1844, only six days before the election! Here is what this organ said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We say to all men in the United States, entitled to be
+naturalized, become citizens while you can&mdash;let nothing delay
+you for an hour&mdash;let no hindrance, short of mortal disease,
+banish you from the ballot-box. To those who are citizens, we
+say, vote your principles, whatever they may be&mdash;never desert
+them&mdash;do not be wheedled or terrified&mdash;but vote quietly, and
+unobtrusively. Leave to others the noisy warfare of words. Let
+your opinions be proved by your deliberate and determined
+action. We recommend you to no party; we condemn no candidate
+but one, and he is Theodore Frelinghuysen. We have nothing to
+say to him as a Whig&mdash;we have nothing to say to Mr. Clay or any
+other Whig, as such&mdash;but to the President of the American Board
+of Foreign Missions, the friend and patron of the Kirks and
+Cones, we have much to say. We hate his intolerance&mdash;we dislike
+his associates&mdash;and shudder at the blackness and bitterness of
+that school of sectarians to which he belongs, and amongst whom
+he is regarded as an authority."</p></div>
+
+<p>Protestants! do you hear that? Old Line Whigs! do you hear that? If so,
+do you think that Americans are warring upon civil and religious
+liberty, when they take an oath that they will rebuke such infamous
+sentiments? These appeals of Brownson, Hughes, and the Pilot, had the
+effect to defeat the Clay ticket in New York, and that State lost him
+his election. The Catholics were all at the polls, and voted for Polk
+and Dallas. On the 9th of November, 1844, Frelinghuysen wrote to Mr.
+Clay as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"More than 3,000, it is confidently said, have been naturalized
+in this city (New York) alone since the first of October. It is
+an alarming fact that this foreign vote has decided the great
+questions of American policy, and contracted a nation's
+gratitude."</p></div>
+
+<p>And after they achieved the victory of 1844, Brownson came out with this
+avowal:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Heretofore we have taken our politics from one or another of
+the parties which divide the country, and have suffered the
+enemies of our religion to impose their political doctrine upon
+us; but it is time for us to begin to teach<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> the country itself
+those moral and political doctrines which flow from the
+teachings of our own Church. We are at home here, wherever we
+may have been born; this is our country, and as it is to become
+THOROUGHLY CATHOLIC, we have a deeper interest in public
+affairs than any other of our citizens. The sects are only for
+a day; the Church for ever."</p></div>
+
+<p>When Gen. Cass made his speech in the Senate, in 1852, in favor of free
+worship and the rights of conscience for Americans abroad, reflecting on
+the Catholics by name, Brownson came out in his October number, and
+said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We are glad to see Gen. Cass laid on the shelf, for we can
+never support a man who turns radical in his old age."</p></div>
+
+<p>In the same number, Brownson continues:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap and
+shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"</p></div>
+
+<p>This too at the very time he was supporting the Democratic party in the
+Presidential contest! He would sooner have heard the cry, "All hail,
+Catholicism!" and he was only using Democracy as an instrument to
+advance his primary wish!</p>
+
+<p>We offer no comments on the foregoing extracts, of our own, but leave
+every reader to judge for himself. The price of liberty is eternal
+vigilance. We apply the remark to religious as well as civil liberty.
+All we ask of the people is to be vigilant. Do not support men at the
+ballot-box who are in league with these enemies of our Republic, and of
+the Protestant religion!</p>
+
+<p>Behold the enemy is at our gates! A foreign priest has been lecturing
+here in Knoxville, within the last ten days, avowing sentiments similar
+to these, and claiming that this country would ultimately become a
+Catholic country! The crisis is approaching! Rouse up, Americans, and
+hasten to your country's salvation! Not a moment is to be lost! <span class="smcap">God and
+our country</span>, must be the watchword of every Christian and patriot, of
+every political party in the land. America expects us all to do our
+duty!</p>
+
+<p>And is there no cause for alarm?</p>
+
+<p>Eighteen months ago, a Protestant minister, Baptist, Methodist, or
+Presbyterian, might expose Romanism, and warn his congregation against
+its corrupting influences, for hours at a time&mdash;come down out of his
+pulpit, and his congregation would, without distinction of party, say,
+"Well done, good and faithful servant!"</p>
+
+<p>But let him now dare <i>allude</i> to Romanism&mdash;he offends one-half of his
+congregation&mdash;he is <i>preaching</i> politics&mdash;they will hear him no more; or
+forsooth, which is more common, they will withhold his support and
+starve him out! Are not these signs alarming?</p>
+
+<p>But here in Tennessee, <i>Protestant</i> Tennessee, on the 15th of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> May,
+1855, the <i>Nashville Daily Union</i>, the organ of the self-styled
+Democratic party, came out at the Capital of the State with this daring
+broadside against the Protestant clergy and their religion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A Church that can boast of an existence of thirteen
+centuries&mdash;passing through all the various vicissitudes of her
+eventful career unscathed, can certainly show, with all her
+atrocious barbarity, many bright spots which may be placed in
+favorable contrast with the Protestant Church, with its
+thousand and one wrangling sects. Men are beginning to see
+through the transparent gauze that veils this Know-Nothing
+movement. They are beginning to ask 'What has Protestantism
+done for the world? What has she done to alleviate and elevate
+the down-trodden? Is the race any better off for having
+accepted her faith? <span class="smcap">These</span> REVEREND HYPOCRITES&mdash;these scribes
+and pharisees, are treading on a terrible volcano. They will
+find their treasonable schemes and infernal plotting against
+the liberties of man tried and condemned by the pure light of
+God's own truth and love, which shines and throbs in every
+pulsation of humanity's heart. If Protestantism prove recreant
+to her high trust, she will have to pass the ordeal of
+enlightened public opinion and be consigned to her merited
+obscurity.</p>
+
+<p>"Popery, with all its crimes against God and man, adapts itself
+to the times and to the circumstances, and thus saves itself
+from being absorbed in the mass of conflicting elements."</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION&mdash;No. 4.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>A Catholic Priest the Minister from the Rivas-Walker
+Government&mdash;Nicaragua, Texas, and Gen. Jackson&mdash;Bishop Hughes
+and Orestes Brownson&mdash;Buchanan bidding for the Catholic
+vote&mdash;A. H. Stephens, of Georgia&mdash;Lord Baltimore and Religious
+Toleration.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Three months ago, <span class="smcap">Parker H. French</span> arrived in Washington, as the
+Representative of the Walker Government of Nicaragua&mdash;an American-born
+citizen and a Protestant&mdash;but the Government declined to recognize him,
+upon the ground that Walker's Government was not established even <i>de
+facto</i>. Since then, our Government has recognized Walker's Government,
+and endorsed his war upon Costa Rica, although the former objection of
+our Government lies with as much force against such recognition now as
+it did three months ago. That the approach of the Cincinnati Convention,
+and the importance of conciliating the "Young American" wing, and the
+Filibustering division of the Democratic party, had great influence in
+producing this recognition, there can be no sort of doubt. But a still
+more palpable reason why this Government gave its sanction to the
+Rivas-Walker Government is, that <span class="smcap">Padre Vijil</span>, the second Minister sent
+here, is a ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST, and a shrewd Spaniard&mdash;better
+understands the influences that prevail at Washington. When we remember
+that a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Order of Jesuits, is a member
+of Pierce's Cabinet, the Postmaster-General&mdash;and when we remember that
+Democracy now, without the Catholic-Foreign vote, is almost a nullity in
+the United States, we have a clear solution of this preference given the
+Spanish priest, <span class="smcap">Padre Vijil</span>, over the American citizen, but a few weeks
+afterwards! As a sign of the times, the fact is one worthy of note. It
+shows, at least, that when Protestantism cannot prevail with the
+Administration of Pierce, Roman Catholicism can; and that hence, when we
+proclaim the power of the Pope, even in America, we but utter
+demonstrable facts. Romanism is even carrying Democracy from all its old
+wayside land-marks. In December, 1836, <span class="smcap">Gen. Jackson</span> sent a special
+message to the Senate of the United States, in relation to a proposition
+to recognize<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> the new Government of Texas, and he gave reasons <i>against</i>
+it, which are exactly applicable to this Rivas-Walker affair:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Upon the issue," he says, "of this threatened invasion by
+Mexico, the independence of Texas may be considered as
+suspended; and were there nothing peculiar in the relative
+situation of the United States and Texas, our acknowledgments
+of its independence at such a crisis could scarcely be
+considered as consistent <i>with that prudent reserve with which
+we have heretofore held ourselves bound to treat all similar
+questions</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>The existing Government of Nicaragua is in a far more critical condition
+now than that of Texas was in 1836, when Gen. Jackson went on to say:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It becomes us to beware of a too early movement, as it might
+subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to
+establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory, with a
+view to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves. Prudence,
+therefore, seems to dictate that we should still stand aloof,
+and maintain our present attitude, if not until Mexico itself,
+or one of the great foreign powers, shall recognize the
+independence of the new Government, at least until the lapse of
+time or the course of events shall have proved, beyond cavil or
+dispute, the ability of the people of that country to maintain
+their separate sovereignty, and to uphold the Government
+constituted by them. Neither of the contending parties can
+justly complain of this course. By pursuing it, we are but
+carrying out the long-established policy of our Government&mdash;a
+policy which has secured to us respect and influence abroad,
+and inspired confidence at home."</p></div>
+
+<p>But Romanism is rapidly leading Democracy to the Devil! Archbishop
+Hughes&mdash;the head and front of the Papal Hierarchy in this country&mdash;has
+openly declared the grand aim and object of the Catholic Church is "TO
+MAKE ROME THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE WHOLE WORLD!" This same
+Archbishop is now engaged in raising an immense fund, for the avowed
+purpose of <span class="smcap">establishing a College in Rome</span>, for the education of a high
+order of Priests and Jesuits for the United States; the Roman Pontiff
+deeming the education of Priests defective if obtained in this land of
+liberty! This same Archbishop Hughes has now actively enlisted for the
+Presidential contest, for 1856, in order, to use his own language, "<span class="smcap">to
+break the spinal cord of the American Party</span>." The Irish Catholic vote is
+to be fused with the Black Republicans in the North, to prevent the
+success of the Fillmore ticket, and the Irish and German Catholic vote
+is to be cast for Democracy in the South and North-West&mdash;the Archbishop
+stipulating for special legislation for Rome, and for promoting this
+mammoth college!</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Orestes Brownson</span>, a leading Catholic authority, and the editor of
+Archbishop Hughes's organ&mdash;one of the most zealous as well as able
+advocates of Romanism in America&mdash;declares: "THE POPE IS MY INTERPRETER
+OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES!" The Supreme Court at
+Washington<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> is subordinate to the Vatican, situated at the foot of one
+of the seven hills upon which Rome is built! Through the influence of
+the <i>Jesuit</i> who is a member of Pierce's cabinet, the Papal Nuncio, who
+was sent from Rome two years ago, clothed with <i>foreign</i> authority, was
+received by our government at Washington, and sent around the lakes to
+the North-West at government expense; and allowed to adjudicate upon a
+secular question AFFECTING TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION in the great State
+of New York!</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Buchanan, one of the several candidates before the Cincinnati
+Convention for the Presidential nomination, said, in a public speech in
+Baltimore, just before the meeting of that Convention, <i>by way of
+bidding for the Catholic vote</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In the age of religious bigotry and intolerance, Lord
+Baltimore was the first legislator who proclaimed the sacred
+rights of conscience, and established for the government of his
+colony the principle, not merely of toleration, but perfect
+religious freedom and equality among all sects of Christians."</p></div>
+
+<p>Lord Baltimore was a Catholic; and with a view to enlist the same
+influence, <span class="smcap">Hon. Alexander H. Stephens</span>, of Georgia, sent forth a
+published speech last summer, from which we make the following extract:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Catholic colony of Maryland, organized under the auspices
+of Lord Baltimore, was the first to establish the principle of
+free toleration in religious worship on this continent.</p>
+
+<p>"The Colony of Maryland afforded protection to <i>all</i> persecuted
+sects."</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, in order to judge of Mr. Buchanan's "<i>perfect religious freedom and
+equality</i>," and Mr. Stephens's "<i>principle of free toleration</i>," let us
+examine an Act passed April 21, 1649, when Lord Baltimore was in the
+zenith of his power:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Denying the Holy <i>Trinity</i> is to be punished with <i>death</i>, and
+confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary (Lord
+Baltimore himself!) Persons using any reproachful words
+concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+Evangelists, to be fined &pound;5, or in default of payment to be
+publicly whipped and <i>imprisoned, at the pleasure of</i> his
+Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+Lieutenant-General." <i>See Laws of Maryland at large, by T.
+Bacon, A. D. 1765.</i> <i>16 and 17 Cecilius's Lord Baltimore</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">S. F. Streeter</span>, Esq., of Baltimore, is the author of a work entitled
+"<i>Maryland two hundred years ago</i>." In this work, at page 26, Mr.
+Streeter says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The policy of Lord Baltimore, in regard to religious matters
+in his colony, has, in some particulars at least, been
+misapprehended and therefore misstated. The assertion has long
+passed uncontradicted, that toleration was promised to the
+colonists in the first conditions of plantation; that the
+rights of conscience were recognized in a law passed by the
+first assembly held in the colony; and that the principal
+officers from the year 1636 or '37, bound themselves by on oath
+not to molest on account of his religion any one professing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> to
+believe in Jesus Christ. I can find <i>no authority</i> for <i>any</i> of
+these statements. Lord Baltimore's first and earlier conditions
+of plantation breathe not a word on the subject of religion: no
+act recognizing the principle of toleration was passed in the
+first or in any following assembly, until fifteen years after
+the first settlement, at which time (1649) a Protestant had
+been appointed Governor, and a majority of the Burgesses were
+of the same faith; and when, <i>for the first time</i>, a clause
+involving a promise not to molest any person professing to
+believe in Jesus Christ, the words "and particularly a Roman
+Catholic," were inserted by the direction of Lord Baltimore in
+the official oath."</p></div>
+
+<p>McMahon, the tried friend of Lord Baltimore, speaking on this same
+subject, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The proprietary dominion (Lord B.'s) had never known that
+hour, (when there was opportunity to persecute.) The Protestant
+religion was the established religion of the mother country,
+and any effort on the part of the Proprietary (Lord B.) to
+oppress its followers would have <i>drawn down destruction on his
+government</i>. The <i>great body</i> of the colonists were themselves
+Protestants, and, by their <i>number</i> and their participation in
+the government, they were fully equal to their own protection,
+and <i>too powerful</i> for the Proprietaries in the event of an
+open collision."</p></div>
+
+<p>Thus it will be seen that in Maryland, as everywhere else, in all past
+ages, so far as toleration is concerned, it was granted <i>to</i>
+Catholics&mdash;never <i>by</i> them.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION&mdash;No. 5.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Popish aims at supremacy&mdash;Avowals by distinguished
+Catholics&mdash;The order of Jesuits&mdash;Startling disclosures and
+authentic references!&mdash;The strength of Romanism in the United
+States!</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The Romish hierarchy aims at supremacy in the Church and the State. It
+is nothing more nor less than a great <i>political</i> system, arrogating to
+itself the right to sway the spiritual and temporal concerns of men&mdash;a
+right it claims to have derived from God, and that therefore the Romish
+Church is above all, and may rule all. Hence the conspiracy against our
+government emanating from the Vatican, and planned by the Pope, his
+Cardinals and Bishops, in the late grand council at Rome! They there and
+then resolved on affecting the objects of the <i>Leopold Foundation</i>,
+established in Vienna, May 13, 1829, to support Catholic missionaries in
+the United States. Every member of this Society&mdash;and its branches are
+numerous, being scattered over the whole earth&mdash;agrees to offer prayers
+daily to <i>St. Leopold</i>, and every week to contribute as much as a
+<i>crucifix</i>. The valley of the Mississippi has been surveyed and mapped
+by the Jesuits, under the directions of the Vatican, and Popish
+Cardinals in Europe are boasting of the certainty of their subjecting
+this land of freedom at no distant day to papal supremacy! Rev. Dr.
+<span class="smcap">James</span>, an eminent clergyman of England, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Church of Rome has determined to compensate herself for
+her losses in the old world, by her conquest in the new."</p></div>
+
+<p>Hence, too, a Papal editor in Europe conducting a Catholic organ, and
+advising vigorous measures for the extension of Papal power, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We must make haste&mdash;the moments are precious&mdash;America may
+become the centre of civilization."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Rev. Dr. Reze, of Detroit, a priest of distinction, who is now in
+custody at Rome, a few years since, writing from Michigan to his master,
+the Pope, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We shall see the truth triumph&mdash;the temple of idols
+overthrown&mdash;the seat of falsehood brought to silence&mdash;and all
+the United States embraced in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> the same faith of that Catholic
+Church, wherein dwell truth and temporal happiness."</p></div>
+
+<p>A Catholic priest in Indiana told a Protestant minister, an able
+Methodist clergyman, in a controversy, "The time will come when
+Catholics will make Protestants wade knee-deep in blood in the valley of
+the Mississippi!"</p>
+
+<p>Bishop England, one of their master-spirits in this country, in a letter
+to the Pope written from Charleston, and which was so good that his
+Holiness caused it to be published, said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Within thirty years, the Protestant heresy will come to an
+end. If we can secure the West and South, we will take care of
+New England."</p></div>
+
+<p>This same dignitary said to his brethren at Vienna in that memorable
+letter, by way of advice and encouragement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"All that is necessary is money and priests, to subjugate the
+mock liberties of America."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Jesuits profess to be a more devoted branch of the Pope's army than
+any other order. The Abbe De Pradt, formerly Roman Archbishop at
+Malines, calls them "the Pope's zealous militia:" another correctly
+calls them "the Pope's body-guard, organized for the express purpose of
+defending the Papal See, and undertaking a spiritual crusade against
+heretics." Pius VII., in his Bull of August 7, 1814, re&euml;stablishing the
+order, which Clement XIV. had suppressed, says: "We would be guilty of a
+great crime," if, amid the dangers threatening the Papal interests, and
+"if, placed in the barque of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual
+storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers who
+volunteer their services in order to break the waves of a sea which
+threatens every moment shipwreck and death."</p>
+
+<p>The presumption is, that "these vigorous and experienced rowers who thus
+volunteer their services," have some moving principle, some hidden
+spring, which moves with that oneness and constancy under all
+discouragements. The watch does not show the spring that sets it in
+motion: who that looks at its face and observes the movement of the
+hands will doubt that it is there, and that they move in proportion to
+the strength or weakness of that spring?</p>
+
+<p>The old Romans used to swear their soldiers: the Roman Church swears
+even her private members. Read the following from the creed: "I solemnly
+promise, vow, and <i>swear</i> true obedience to the Roman bishop," &amp;c. "This
+true Catholic faith, out of which there is no salvation, &amp;c.&mdash;I promise,
+vow, and <i>swear</i> most constantly to hold and profess the same, whole and
+entire, with God's assistance, to the end of my life, and procure, as
+far as lies in my power, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> the same shall be held, taught, and
+preached by all who are under me," &amp;c. "I also profess and undoubtedly
+receive all other things delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred
+canons and general councils, and particularly by the holy Council of
+Trent; and, likewise, I also condemn, reject, and anathematize all
+things contrary thereto, and all heresies whatsoever, condemned,
+rejected, and anathematized by the Church."</p>
+
+<p>The Jesuits are more strict, subservient, devoted to the Vatican, than
+any other wing of the Catholic Church. In the second volume of the
+constitutions of the Jesuits, under the heading of <i>obedience to
+superiors</i>, is written:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"You shall always see Jesus Christ in the General."</p>
+
+<p>"You shall obey him in every thing. Your obedience shall be
+boundless in the execution, in the will and understanding. You
+shall persuade yourselves that God speaks in his mouth: that
+when he orders, God himself orders. You shall execute his
+command immediately, with joy and with steadiness."</p>
+
+<p>"You shall be in his hands a dead body, which he will govern,
+move, place, displace, according to his will."</p></div>
+
+<p>Under these teachings, says <span class="smcap">Arnauld</span>, a student in a college of Jesuits
+stated, on hearing of the implicit obedience of another:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I would have done still more. Were God to order me, through
+the voice of my superior, to put to death father, mother,
+children, brothers, and sisters, I would do it with an eye as
+tearless and a heart as calm as if I were seated at the banquet
+of the Paschal lamb."</p></div>
+
+<p>Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore, in a recent publication, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"As early as 1624, the University of Paris charged them with
+being governed by 'secret laws.' In 1649, Palafox, Bishop of
+Angelopolis, in his letter to Innocent X., accuses them of
+having 'a secret constitution, hidden privileges, and concealed
+laws of their own.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>What will our Democratic Protestant opposers of Know Nothing <i>secret
+lodges</i> say to this? What will our Democratic advocates of Popery say to
+the principles of such an organization, and to its "horrible oaths?" But
+hear the Roman Catholic King of Portugal, in his manifesto to his
+Bishops, in 1759, only ninety-seven years ago:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In order to form the union, the consistency, and the strength
+of the society, there should be a government not only
+monarchical, but so sovereign, so absolute, so despotic, that
+even the Provincials themselves should not have it in their
+power, by any act of theirs, to resist or retard the execution
+of the orders of the General. By this legislative, inviolable
+and despotic power; by the profound devotedness of the subjects
+of this company to mysterious laws with which they are not
+themselves acquainted; by the blind and passive obedience with
+which they are compelled to execute, without hesitation or
+reply, whatever their superiors command," &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<p>But our Democratic anti-Know Nothings not only object to our having
+formerly kept our ritual concealed, but especially to our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> denial of the
+existence of our organization. Let them procure a copy of the secret
+instructions of the Jesuits, styled "<i>Secreta Monita</i>," and in the
+preface they will find these <i>lovely</i> words:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The greatest care imaginable must be also taken that these
+instructions do not fall into the hands of strangers, &amp;c.; if
+they should, <i>let it be positively denied that these are the
+principles of the society</i>," &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<p>But again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Auquetil, in the fourth volume, page 333, of his History of
+France, gives an account of the celebrated case of the
+bankruptcy of the Rev. Father Jesuit La Valette, the Jesuit
+agent, for three million francs. Their ships had been taken by
+the English; the bankers in Marseilles, who had accepted bills
+of exchange to the amount of one and a half millions, required
+prompt payment. They wrote to De Sacy, the General Procurator
+of the Missions; he wrote to the General at Rome, but the
+General died at the same time; and before a new General could
+be elected, and an order sent to pay the money, the Fathers had
+become bankrupt, and suits were instituted. After delay and
+man&oelig;uvre on their part, the case came on unexpectedly in
+1760. All the Jesuits were accused. They tried to lay the guilt
+upon La Valette, but the bankers charged that all the Jesuits
+were under the General, and La Valette was only agent. In this
+sad condition they proposed to prove, according to their
+constitutions, that as a society their body possessed nothing,
+that all belonged to each college-house, convent, &amp;c. The
+proposal of the Jesuits was accepted. On the 8th of May, 1761,
+after trial, the Parliament condemned the General and all the
+society to pay bills, costs, damages, &amp;c., which they did
+without selling any of their property.</p>
+
+<p>"It was in this evil hour to the Jesuits that their
+constitutions, which had been acted upon for two hundred years
+in secret, were brought to light. Rules and constitutions maybe
+in existence and acted upon, when it would be impossible to
+obtain a copy from any one who was sufficiently advanced in the
+order to be trusted with a copy."</p></div>
+
+<p>It will astonish American Protestants to be told how numerous,
+influential, and strong the Catholics are in this land of liberty! They
+have 7 archbishops, 40 bishops, 1704 priests, 1824 churches, 21
+colleges, 37 ecclesiastical institutions for the education of priests
+and Jesuits, 117 female academies, all of which are, in reality,
+<i>Convents</i>. Nuns, priests, and Jesuits are the professors, teachers, and
+matrons; and, strange to say, <i>Protestant</i> young ladies are their chief
+supporters!</p>
+
+<p>The Romish Hierarchy is far more numerous in <i>Protestant</i> America, than
+in any Catholic country on earth. Their strength in America equals what
+it is in Ireland, Scotland, and England combined! How extensive is this
+religious organization in our land: how subtle! Its ramifications are
+all so many <i>arteries</i>, which receive their life's blood from the heart
+at Rome, and return it there by its regular palpitations! It is now
+concentrating its <i>arteries</i> at Washington City, and is promised "aid
+and comfort" from the great Democratic party&mdash;a party fast becoming the
+foe of true liberty, and of the evangelical Protestant faith.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE CATHOLIC QUESTION&mdash;No. 6.</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Oath of a Bishop&mdash;Oath of a Priest&mdash;Oath of a Jesuit&mdash;Oath
+of a San Fedisti&mdash;Oath of an Irish Ribbon-man&mdash;The Romish
+Curse!</p></div>
+
+
+<p>In this chapter we will exhibit the "<i>horrible oaths</i>" of the various
+grades of Catholics, from a <i>Bishop</i> down to a <i>private member</i>&mdash;even to
+the "Irish Ribbon-men," thousands of whom swarm the United States. To
+these we will add the oath of the "Order of San Fedisti," an infamous
+secret society established in Italy, and introduced for the first time
+into this country by that prince of murderers, <i>Bedini</i>, the Pope's
+Nuncio; who was honored with a steamer at the expense of our government,
+Pierce at its head, to sail round our northern lakes, organizing these
+infamous societies. Last of all, we give the ROMISH CURSE, which is in
+full force and power in all Catholic countries, and is even pronounced
+publicly in our large cities, upon renegades from the Catholic faith.</p>
+
+<p>These oaths will be found commencing on page 42 of "A Treatise of the
+Pope's Supremacy. By <span class="smcap">Rev. Isaac Barrow</span>, D. D. Second American Edition,
+1844." By this author, the Latin is given and then translated. The same,
+in part, will be found in the debate between <span class="smcap">Mr. Breckenridge</span>, of the
+Presbyterian Church, and <span class="smcap">Archbishop Hughes</span>, and by the latter publicly
+acknowledged to be genuine, before a Baltimore audience who heard the
+discussion!</p>
+
+<p>But these particular forms of oaths in question, which reckless
+Catholics and unprincipled Democrats deny, were published in England by
+Archbishop Usher, whose correctness and reliability is equal to that of
+any man. These oaths will be found in a volume entitled "Foxes and
+Firebrands," from a collection of papers by Archbishop Usher, and it is
+there stated that "it remains on record at Paris, among the Society of
+Jesus," and was drawn up in that form to <span class="smcap">Urban VIII.</span>, in 1642, when he
+revived the bull of Pious V., which had slumbered seventy-three years.
+These oaths, as published, contain nothing which is not taught by Popes
+and Councils, Priests and Jesuits. Examine these <i>oaths</i>, and this
+<i>curse</i>, and answer us the question, Can men taking them, and
+subscribing to their doctrines, make citizens of this Republic?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>OATH OF THE BISHOPS.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, G. N., elect of the church of N., from henceforth will be
+<i>faithful</i> and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle, and to the
+holy Roman Church, and to our lord, the lord N. Pope N., and to
+his successors canonically coming in. I will neither advise,
+consent, nor do any thing that they may lose life or member, or
+that their persons may be seized or hands anywise laid upon
+them, or any injuries offered to them, under any pretence
+whatsoever. The counsel which they shall intrust me withal by
+themselves, their messengers, or letters, I will not knowingly
+reveal to any to their prejudice. I will help them to defend
+and keep the Roman Papacy and the royalties of St. Peter,
+saving my order against all men. The legate of the Apostolic
+see, going and coming, I will honorably treat, and help in his
+necessities. The rights, honors, privileges, and authority of
+the holy Roman Church, of our lord the Pope, and his aforesaid
+successors, I will endeavor to preserve, defend, increase, and
+advance. I will not be in any council, action, or treaty, in
+which shall be plotted against our said lord and the said Roman
+Church, any thing to the hurt or prejudice of their persons,
+right, honor, state, or power; and if I shall know any such
+thing to be treated or agitated by any whomsoever, I will
+hinder it all that I can; and as soon as I can, will signify it
+to our said lord, or to some other, by whom it may come to his
+knowledge. The rules of the Holy Fathers, the Apostolic
+decrees, ordinances, or disposals, reservations, provisions,
+and mandates, I will observe with all my might, and cause by
+others. Heretics, Schismatics, and Rebels to our said lord, or
+his aforesaid successors, I will to the utmost of my power
+persecute and oppose. I will come to a council when I am
+called, unless I am hindered by a canonical impediment. I will,
+by myself in person, visit the threshold of the Apostles every
+three years; and give an account to our lord, and his aforesaid
+successors, of all my pastoral office, and of all things
+anywise belonging to the state of my church, to the discipline
+of my clergy and people, and, lastly, to the salvation of souls
+committed to my trust; and will, in like manner, humbly receive
+and diligently execute the Apostolic commands. And if I be
+detained by a lawful impediment, I will perform all things
+aforesaid by a certain messenger hereto specially empowered, a
+member of my Chapter or some other in ecclesiastical dignity,
+or else having a parsonage; or in default of these, by a priest
+of the diocese; or in default of one of the clergy, (of the
+diocese,) by some other secular or regular priest of approved
+integrity and religion, fully instructed in all things above
+mentioned. And such impediment I will make out by lawful
+proofs, to be transmitted by the aforesaid messenger to the
+Cardinal proponent of the holy Roman Church, in the
+Congregation of the Sacred Council. The possessions belonging
+to my table, I will neither sell nor give away, mortgage nor
+grant anew in fee, nor anywise alienate, no, not even with
+consent of the Chapter of my Church, without consulting the
+Roman Pontiff. And if I shall make any alienation, I will
+thereby incur the penalties contained in a certain Constitution
+put forth about this matter.</p>
+
+<p>"So help me God, and these holy Gospels of God."</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>OATH OF THE PRIESTS.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, A. B., do acknowledge the ecclesiastical power of his
+holiness; and the mother Church of Rome, as the chief head and
+matron above all pretended churches throughout the whole earth;
+and that my zeal shall be for St. Peter and his successors, as
+the founder of the true and ancient Catholic faith, against all
+heretical kings, princes, states, or powers repugnant to the
+same; and although I, A. B., may follow, in case of persecution
+or otherwise, to be heretically despised, yet in soul and
+conscience I shall hold, aid, and succor the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> mother Church of
+Rome, as the true, ancient, and apostolic Church. I, A. B.,
+further do declare not to act or control any matter or thing
+prejudicial unto her, in her sacred orders, doctrines, tenets,
+or commands, without leave of its supreme power or its
+authority, under her appointed; and being so permitted, then to
+act and further her interests more than my own earthly good and
+earthly pleasure, as she and her Head, his Holiness, and his
+successors have, or ought to have, the supremacy over all
+kings, princes, estates, or powers whatsoever, either to
+deprive them of their crowns, sceptres, powers, privileges,
+realms, countries, or governments, or to set up others in lieu
+thereof; they dissenting from the mother Church and her
+commands."</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>OATH OF THE JESUITS</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, A. B., now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed
+Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the Archangel, the blessed St.
+John the Baptist, the holy apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, and
+all the saints and hosts of heaven, and to you my ghostly
+father, do declare from my heart, without mental reservation,
+that his Holiness Pope &mdash;&mdash; is Christ's Vicar General, and is
+the true and only Head of the Catholic or universal Church
+throughout the earth; and by the virtue of the keys of binding
+and loosing, given to his Holiness by my Saviour Jesus Christ,
+he hath power to depose heretical kings, princes, states,
+commonwealths, and governments, all being illegal without his
+sacred confirmation, and that they may safely be destroyed:
+<span class="smcap">therefore</span>, to the utmost of my power, I shall and will defend
+this doctrine, and his Holiness' rights and customs, against
+all usurpers of the heretical (or Protestant) authority
+whatsoever; especially against the now pretended authority and
+Church of England, and all adherents, in regard that they and
+she be usurpal and heretical, opposing the sacred mother Church
+of Rome, I do renounce and disown any allegiance as due to
+Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+or officers, I do further declare the doctrine of the Church of
+England, the Calvinists, Huguenots, and of others of the name
+Protestants, to be damnable, and that they themselves are
+damned, and to be damned, that will not forsake the same. I do
+further declare, that I will help, assist, and advise all or
+any of his Holiness' agents, in any place wherever I shall be,
+in England, Scotland, and Ireland, or in any other territory or
+kingdom I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the
+heretical Protestant's doctrine, and to destroy all their
+pretended powers, regal or otherwise. I do further promise and
+declare, that notwithstanding I am dispensed with, to assume
+any religion heretical, for the propagating of the mother
+Church's interest, to keep secret and private all her agents'
+counsels, from time to time, as they intrust me, and not to
+divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing, or
+circumstance, whatever, but to execute all that shall be
+proposed, given in charge, or discovered unto me, by you my
+ghostly father, or any of this sacred convent. All which, I, A.
+B., do swear, by the blessed Sacrament I am now to receive, to
+perform, and on my part to keep inviolable; and do call all the
+heavenly and glorious host of heaven to witness these my real
+intentions to keep this, my oath. In testimony hereof, I take
+this most holy and blessed sacrament of the Eucharist, and
+witness the same further with my hand and seal, in the face of
+this holy convent this day&mdash;An. Dom., etc."</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>OATH OF THE SAN FEDISTI.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, Son of the Holy Faith, No. &mdash;, promise and swear to sustain
+the altar and the Papal throne, to exterminate heretics,
+liberals, and all enemies of the Church, without pity for the
+cries of children, or of men and women. So help me God."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>OATH OF THE IRISH RIBBON-MEN.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I, Patrick McKenna, swear by Saints Peter and Paul, and by the
+blessed Virgin Mary, to be always faithful to the Society (of
+Ribbon-men); to keep and conceal all the secrets, and its words
+of order; to be always ready to execute the commands of my
+superior officers, and, as far as it shall lie in my power, to
+extirpate all heretics, and <span class="smcap">all the Protestants</span>, and to walk in
+their blood to the knee! May the Virgin Mary and all saints
+help me! To-day, the 2d of July, 1852.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Pat. McKenna</span>, <i>from Tydavenet</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>The following are the curses pronounced by the Papal Church against all
+who leave it for any Evangelical Church:</p>
+
+
+<h4>THE ROMISH CURSE.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"By the authority of God Almighty, the Father, Son, and Holy
+Ghost, and the undefiled Virgin Mary, mother and patroness of
+our Saviour, and of all celestial virtues, Angels, Archangels,
+Thrones, Dominions, Powers, Cherubim, and Seraphim; and of all
+the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, and of all the Apostles and
+Evangelists, of the Holy Innocents, who in the sight of the
+Holy Lamb are found worthy to sing the new song of the Holy
+Martyrs and Holy Confessors, and of all the Holy Virgins, and
+of all Saints together with the holy elect of God; may he,
+&mdash;&mdash;, be damned. We excommunicate and anathematize him from the
+threshold of the Holy Church of God Almighty. We sequester him,
+that lie may be tormented, disposed, and be delivered over with
+Dathan and Abiram, and with those who say unto the Lord:
+'Depart from us, we desire none of thy ways:' as a fire is
+quenched with water, so let the light of him be put out for
+evermore, unless he shall repent him and make satisfaction.
+Amen!</p>
+
+<p>"May the Father, who creates man, curse him! May the Son, who
+suffered for us, curse him! May the Holy Ghost, who is poured
+out in Baptism, curse him! May the Holy Cross, which Christ,
+for our salvation, triumphing over his enemies, ascended, curse
+him!</p>
+
+<p>"May the Holy Mary, ever virgin and mother of God, curse him!
+May St. Michael, the advocate of the Holy Souls, curse him! May
+all the Angels, Principalities, and Powers, and all Heavenly
+Armies, curse him! May the glorious band of the Patriarchs and
+Prophets curse him!</p>
+
+<p>"May St. John the Precursor, and St. John the Baptist, and St.
+Peter, and St. Paul, and St. Andrew, and all other of Christ's
+Apostles together, curse him! And may all the rest of the
+Disciples and Evangelists, who, by their preaching converted
+the universe, and the holy and wonderful company of Martyrs and
+Confessors, who by their works are found pleasing to God
+Almighty, curse him! May the holy choir of the Holy Virgins,
+who for the honor of Christ have despised the things of the
+world, damn him! May all the saints from the beginning of the
+world to everlasting ages, who are found to be beloved of God,
+damn him!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be damned wherever he be, whether in the house, or in
+the alley, or in the water, or in the church! May he be cursed
+in living and dying!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be cursed in eating and drinking, in being hungry, in
+being thirsty, in fasting, and sleeping, in slumbering, and in
+sitting, in living, in working, in resting, and * * * and in
+blood-letting.</p>
+
+<p>"May he be cursed in all the faculties of his body!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be cursed inwardly and outwardly! May he be cursed in
+his hair; cursed be he in his brains, and in his vertex, in his
+temples, in his eyebrows,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> in his cheeks, in his jaw-bones, in
+his nostrils, in his teeth and grinders, in his lips, in his
+shoulders, in his arms, in his fingers!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be damned in his mouth, in his breast, in his heart,
+and purtenances, down to the very stomach!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be cursed in his reins and his groins; in his thighs,
+in his genitals, and in his hips, and in his knees, his legs,
+and his feet, and toe-nails!</p>
+
+<p>"May he be cursed in all his joints, and articulation of the
+members; from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet
+may there be no soundness!</p>
+
+<p>"May the Son of the living God, with all the glory of His
+Majesty, curse him! And may heaven, with all the powers that
+move therein, rise up against him, and curse and damn him;
+unless he repent and make satisfaction! Amen! So be it. Be it
+so. Amen!"</p></div>
+
+<p>Now, we ask all candid men whose eyes have not been blinded by the dust
+of Popery and Democracy, can a Bishop or Priest, a Jesuit or Catholic,
+with these oaths upon their souls, be true American citizens? Not
+without the guilt of perjury, as black as the altar of a Roman
+Confessional! And if guilty of such perjury, the penitentiary should be
+their canonical residence for life! Strange to say, however, the Chief
+Justice of the United States, Roger B. Taney, is a Roman Catholic! Gen.
+Pierce's Postmaster-General, James Campbell, is both a Roman Catholic,
+and a member of the Order of Jesuits, having taken this very oath! Roman
+Catholics are now on the Federal Bench in the United States: Roman
+Catholics fill the offices of Attorneys-general; Roman Catholics
+represent this Government abroad; and Roman Catholics fill post-offices,
+land-offices, and a variety of offices at home, out of which Protestants
+were driven by Pierce's Administration, to make room for them!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p>
+<h2>LETTER FROM THOMAS A. R. NELSON, ESQ.</h2>
+
+
+<p>This gentleman, an able lawyer of East Tennessee, a member of the
+Presbyterian Church, and a member of the American party, was nominated
+an Elector for the State of Tennessee at large, by the American State
+Convention at Nashville, in February last. Though an ardent American&mdash;a
+great friend of <i>Mr. Fillmore</i>&mdash;and a member of the late Philadelphia
+Convention, and aided in the nomination of <i>Maj. Donelson</i>, he has been
+reluctantly compelled to decline the position of Elector. Under date of
+May 30, 1856, he addressed a letter of nine columns, of great force and
+ability, to <i>Messrs. A. W. Johnson, Robert C. Foster, 3d., John H.
+Callender, William N. Bilbo, Sam'l. Pritchett, and E. D. Farnsworth,
+State Executive Committee of the American Party, Nashville, Tennessee</i>,
+declining the position. Although we regret his inability to serve, as do
+the whole party in this State, yet, if his letter could be placed in the
+hands of every voter in the State, we would be willing to risk the
+contest without further discussion. Such is our estimate of this
+document. For the benefit of "Old Line Whigs," and such Democrats as are
+disposed to excuse and apologise for Romanism, we give the four
+concluding columns of this letter. The five preceding columns are mainly
+occupied with an outline and defence of the action of the Philadelphia
+Nominating Convention, and a discussion of the slavery
+question&mdash;questions we had discussed in this work before this document
+came to hand. Mr. Nelson concludes thus:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Foreigners and Catholics were directly appealed to in the
+Presidential elections of 1848 and 1852. Who does not remember
+that, immediately preceding the election in 1844, fraudulent
+naturalization papers were manufactured in New York? Who has
+forgotten the Plaquemines fraud in Louisiana? Who has not heard
+of the abuse of Mr. Frelinghuysen for no other cause than that
+he was the President of the American Bible Society?</p>
+
+<p>"But, without dwelling upon other illustrations, look to the
+Democratic platform of 1852, and read the 8th section of the
+third resolution, which is in the following words:</p>
+
+<p>"'That the liberal principles embodied by Jefferson in the
+Declaration of Independence and sanctioned in the Constitution,
+which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the
+oppressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal principles
+in the Democratic faith, and every attempt to abridge the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span>
+present privilege of becoming citizens and the owners of soil
+among us, ought to be resisted with the same spirit which swept
+the alien and sedition laws from our statute books.'</p>
+
+<p>"During the last election in Tennessee, it was often said by
+Democrats that they were just as much opposed to the
+immigration of foreign criminals and paupers as members of the
+American party, but would not attach themselves to the latter
+because of their objections to its organization. But the
+Democratic Platform of 1852 contains no exception against
+criminals and paupers. The naturalization laws have, in
+practice, been found inadequate to their exclusion, and the
+platform, in effect, avows unqualified adherence to them
+without <i>abridgement</i> or modification.</p>
+
+<p>"These laws are, in substance, declared to have '<i>ever been
+cardinal principles</i> in the Democratic faith.' By its own
+avowal, the Democratic party is responsible for giving
+encouragement to the whole policy of foreign immigration. If
+that policy has flooded the country with criminals and paupers;
+if it has produced riots and bloodshed in our large cities; if
+it has endangered the religious as well as the civil liberty of
+Protestants; if it has swelled the ranks of Abolition and
+fanned the flame of Agitation&mdash;the Democratic party, by its own
+avowal, is amenable at the bar of public opinion for these
+astounding and deplorable results. Reckless of consequences, it
+has persevered in a system hazardous to the stability of our
+institutions, because that system has annually swelled the
+number of its adherents, and increased the chances of its
+perpetual ascendency.</p>
+
+<p>"Without adverting to the census tables, or repeating those
+familiar facts connected with the statistics of immigration
+which have been so extensively published, it is sufficient to
+observe that, under this continued patronage of the Democratic
+party, the immigration of foreigners has increased from a few
+thousands, twenty years ago, to nearly half a million in 1854.</p>
+
+<p>"But the Democratic party cannot justly claim the exclusive
+honor of projecting or carrying out the system. More than
+twenty years ago, the Duke of Richmond declared, in substance,
+that he had conversed with most of the sovereigns and princes
+of Europe; that they were jealous of the influence of our
+republican institutions upon their own Government; that they
+did not expect to conquer us as a nation, but designed the
+subversion of our Government by the introduction of the low and
+surplus population of Europe among us; that 'discord,
+dissension, anarchy, and civil war would ensue, and some
+popular individual would assume the government and restore
+order, and the sovereigns of Europe, the emigrants, and many of
+the natives, would sustain him.' He also said, in speaking of
+the United States, that 'the Church of Rome has a design upon
+that country, and it will, in time, be the established
+religion, and will aid in the destruction of that republic.'</p>
+
+<p>"These statements of the Duke of Richmond are abundantly
+corroborated by other declarations, as well as the most
+undeniable facts which have occurred since their promulgation.</p>
+
+<p>"I have in my possession, among various others, two small books
+published by 'the American and Foreign Christian Union,' 156
+Chambers street, New York, the one entitled 'Foreign
+Conspiracy,' the other, 'Startling Facts,' both of which, as I
+infer from their contents, were written in the year 1834, long
+before the American party had an existence. The work entitled
+'Foreign Conspiracy' is composed of a series of articles
+originally published, over the signature of Brutus, in the New
+York Observer. They now appear with the name of the author,
+<span class="smcap">Samuel F. B. Morse</span>. His object in writing the work was to
+arouse public attention to the efforts then being made in
+Europe to propagate the Catholic religion in the United States,
+and to show its danger to our republican institutions. He
+traces the origin of the Leopold Foundation in Austria, under
+the especial patronage of the Emperor at Vienna on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> 12th
+May, 1829, and shows that one of its leading objects was 'to
+promote the greater activity of Catholic missions in America.'</p>
+
+<p>"The letter of Prince <i>Metternich</i> to Bishop Fenwich, of
+Cincinnati, under date, Vienna, April 27, 1830, is set out at
+length; and, in that letter, the Prince informs the Bishop,
+among other things, that the Emperor 'allows his people to
+contribute to the support of the Catholic Church in America.'
+Numerous quotations are made from the letters of Foreign
+Bishops in the United States to their patrons at home, and,
+among the rest, on page 85, is the following statement, made by
+one of them, in regard to the people of the United States: 'We
+entreat all European Christians to unite in prayer to God for
+the conversion of these unhappy heathen and obstinate
+heretics.' But, forbearing to multiply quotations from this
+little work, admirable in most of its positions, my main
+object, in citing it, was to make the following extract, from
+page 15 of the preface, taken by the author from the lectures
+of the celebrated Frederick Schlegel, delivered at Vienna in
+1828, where that distinguished foreigner says, 'The true
+nursery of all these destructive principles, the revolutionary
+school for France and the rest of Europe, has been North
+America. Thence the evil has spread over many other lands,
+either by national contagion or by arbitrary communication;'
+and also the following quotation, from page 118 of Mr. Morse's
+book: 'Austria, one of the Holy Alliance of sovereigns, leagued
+against the liberties of the world, has the superintendence <i>of
+the operations of Popery in this country</i>.'</p>
+
+<p>"In the tract entitled 'Startling Facts for American
+Protestants,' written in the year 1834, by <span class="smcap">Rev. Herman Norton</span>,
+Corresponding Secretary of the American Protestant Society,
+from pages 27 to 39, an account is given of a London pamphlet
+entitled 'New Plan of Emigration,' the production of a Roman
+Catholic gentleman, a London Banker; in which a project for
+occupying the North Western States with the Roman Catholic
+population of Europe, is unfolded, together with <i>a map of the
+country</i>, and, among other things, it is said, on page 29: 'The
+first settlements should be made in those fertile prairie
+districts situated on the southern sides of the Canadian lakes,
+<i>where slavery is unknown</i>. On page 28, the objects of this
+society, as set forth in this pamphlet, are stated to be,</p>
+
+<p>"'1. To provide the means for colonizing the surplus Roman
+Catholic population of Europe in our Western States.</p>
+
+<p>"'2. To do this in such a way as to create a large demand for
+articles of British manufacture.</p>
+
+<p>"'3. <i>To make Romanism the predominant religion of this
+country.</i>'</p>
+
+<p>"The census tables will show that, since these plans were set
+on foot, in England and in Europe, to break down our
+government, there has been an astonishing increase in the
+foreign immigration to this country. Great as it was prior to
+the Revolutions in Europe in 1848, it has been amazingly
+augmented since that time. Millions of foreign money have been
+collected in Europe and expended since the organization of the
+society for the propagation of the faith, at Lyons in France,
+about the year 1822, in the United States. While an Austrian
+Emperor has had the charge, in a good degree, of the
+propagation of the Catholic religion in the United States, the
+public authorities in various parts of Europe have defrayed the
+expenses of their criminals and paupers to this country, as was
+clearly shown by Congressional investigations.</p>
+
+<p>"What do these facts prove? Why, that the declaration of the
+Duke of Richmond, that the crowned heads of Europe intended to
+subvert our government, was true. What more do they prove? Why,
+that the effort to establish the Catholic religion in this
+country has, for more than twenty years, been conducted with
+steady perseverance, until the Catholics, who, in 1850, were
+more numerous, as the census compendium shows, than any one
+denomination of Methodists,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> are now no doubt stronger than all
+the Methodists put together, and stronger than any other
+denomination of Protestants.</p>
+
+<p>"While these publications have been before the American people
+for more than twenty years, Democratic leaders have received,
+with open arms, the swarms of foreigners who have settled upon
+our shores. What care <i>they</i> for the slavery question, when
+they have seen this foreign immigration, according to the plan
+concerted in England, settling in the non-slaveholding States,
+and every year increasing the Abolition power? What care they
+for the Protestant religion, if the Catholics can only give
+them the numerical strength at the ballot-box? What regard have
+<i>they</i> for the preservation of our liberties, when European
+despots are seeking to undermine them, if those despots only
+send such myrmidons as will shout hosannas to Democracy and
+drive from the polls peaceful American citizens who oppose
+them? Is the preservation of the Union a matter of any
+consequence to them? Do they not in vision behold its scattered
+fragments and contemplate new confederacies, with hosts of new
+offices and millions of spoil?</p>
+
+<p>"Can any one doubt that the Democratic party is in league with
+all the dangerous elements that have disturbed and are
+continuing to disturb our once peaceful and happy country, and
+that they stickle at nothing when votes are at stake?</p>
+
+<p>"Look to their conduct in running Mr. Polk as a tariff man in
+the North, and an anti-tariff man in the South! Look to the two
+lives of Cass. Look to their equivocal position as to slavery
+and the Union. Look to their appeals to foreigners and
+Catholics by name in the elections of 1844 and 1852, and
+probably in 1848. Look to their alliance with Free Germans and
+Fourierites, Free Soilers and Secessionists. And, above all,
+look to the miserable cant with which they raise the hue and
+cry of persecution in favor of the Catholics, and, indirectly,
+deny to Protestant ministers the right to make war upon a huge
+corporation, calling itself a church, dealing in human souls,
+reeking with the blood of martyrs, and begrimed with more than
+ten centuries of oppression.</p>
+
+<p>"No wonder that they have vilified and denounced the American
+party with every term of opprobrium that our vocabulary can
+furnish. No wonder they talk of dark lanterns and secret oaths
+and midnight assemblies. No wonder that they strive to frighten
+their followers with the notion that the American party is a
+raw-head and bloody bones, which should be shunned and avoided.
+For, if honest men of that party will only take the trouble to
+shake off the control of their leaders: to think, examine, to
+read, reflect, and act for themselves, there are thousands of
+Democrats in the South who would scorn, like the American
+party, an alliance with Abolitionists, and there are tens of
+thousands of Protestant Union-loving Democrats everywhere, who
+have only confided in, to be deceived and betrayed by, their
+leaders, and, if they discover, as it is hoped they will, that
+they have brought them to the crumbling verge of an awful
+precipice, they have patriotism enough and Protestantism enough
+to break away from them rather than make the awful plunge.</p>
+
+<p>"I regret that I am admonished by the length to which I have
+extended this communication, that I cannot now discuss the
+Catholic question, as I had hoped to do at the outset, and I
+shall present only a few disjointed remarks in connection with
+it.</p>
+
+<p>"The American party does not seek to impose any religious test
+such as prevailed in the reign of Charles II., when two
+thousand Non-conformist ministers were driven from their
+pulpits, or such, as in the same reign, was imposed upon Roman
+Catholics and continued from 1673 to 1828. The American party
+does not propose that any religious test, of any kind, shall be
+imposed by law, upon any person whatever, but it does seek to
+organize a public sentiment on the Catholic question, just in
+the same mode that, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> times past, parties have sought to
+organize public sentiment upon the tariff question&mdash;the bank
+question&mdash;the internal improvement question&mdash;the temperance
+question, and every other question which has been the subject
+of difference. If it is lawful to say, I will not vote for you
+because you are a Whig, it is equally lawful to say&mdash;I will not
+vote for you because you are a foreigner. If it is lawful to
+say, I will not vote for you because you are a Democrat, it is
+equally lawful to say, I will not vote for you because you are
+a Catholic.</p>
+
+<p>"Neither does the American party propose, in the slightest
+degree, to interfere with any of the rights secured to Roman
+Catholics, in common with others, by the Constitution. If they
+choose to worship a great <span class="smcap">doll</span> as the Virgin Mary&mdash;to burn tall
+wax-candles in daylight&mdash;to pray to God in an unknown
+tongue&mdash;to believe that a simple wafer is the actual body, and
+common wine the very blood of our Saviour&mdash;to enforce the
+celibacy of the clergy&mdash;to worship the host&mdash;to believe that
+old toe-nails and pieces of wood are precious relics&mdash;to
+prevent their people from reading the Bible&mdash;to refuse to send
+their children to Protestant schools&mdash;to retain the
+confessional and the nunnery&mdash;to pin their faith to
+unauthenticated traditions&mdash;to assert that theirs is the only
+true Church, and to perpetrate a thousand ridiculous
+mummeries&mdash;the members of the American party with one accord
+will say, molest them not, disturb them not, trouble them not;
+the religious privileges of this country are as free to them as
+they are to us, and we will not, by law or by violence,
+interrupt or interfere with them in the slightest degree. But
+knowing that the Catholic Church was for a thousand years
+allied to the State; that it claimed dominion, in temporal as
+well as spiritual affairs, over the kings of the earth; that it
+regards the Pope as the Vicegerent of the Almighty; that he
+wears the tiara as the symbol of his power in heaven, earth,
+and hell; that Romanists treat all other professions as
+heretics; that its Archbishops, Bishops and Priests are sworn
+to persecute all who differ with them; that the persecuting
+spirit of that Church has been displayed, for centuries, in the
+most odious acts of cruelty as well as the most despotic
+tyranny that ever cursed the earth; that fire and faggot,
+confiscation and torture have been its favorite weapons; that
+no age, or sex or condition has been exempt from its inhuman
+butcheries and demoniac lusts; that it exterminated the
+Albigenses and Waldenses; that it caused the gutters of Paris
+to run with human blood on St. Bartholomew's day; that it
+lighted the fires of Smithfield; that through the
+instrumentality of Tyrconnel and Catholic and Irish Rappadees,
+it perpetrated the inhuman atrocities of the Irish Massacres;
+that, it drove the Huguenots from France, and the Puritans from
+England; that it has delighted in the chains and dungeons of
+the Inquisition, and shouted, with fiendish exultation, at the
+cries and groans of the victims in the <i>auto da fe</i>; that no
+republican government has ever flourished under its sway; that
+it regards ignorance as the mother of devotion, and denies the
+obligation of an oath; that it gave rise to the Order of
+Jesuits, the most detestable sect that the earth has ever seen;
+that, in the midst of the blaze of the nineteenth century, it
+has burned the Bible in America and imprisoned men and women in
+Europe for no other offence than that of reading it; that,
+abusing the freedom of the press and speech secured in the
+United States, it unblushingly avows that all Protestantism is
+heresy&mdash;that it is a crime&mdash;and punished in <i>Christian
+countries like Spain and Italy</i> as a crime; that it has
+banished the Bible from Protestant schools, when under its
+control; that it has intermeddled in political elections, and
+is struggling for political power; that it wears a mask and
+claims to be harmless in this country for present effect,
+although it has never renounced one of its dogmas in any
+authoritative mode; that it is typified, in the Bible, as the
+Man of Sin and the Great Whore of Babylon; that it comes to us
+as an angel of light, but is allied with the Prince of
+Darkness: knowing all these things, and believing that the
+Roman Catholic Church, now that it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> covered with the broad
+wings of Modern Democracy, partakes of its meat and is pampered
+by its patronage, is, infinitely, the most dangerous political
+power with which the people of the United States have ever been
+compelled to grapple, the American party invites all who love
+national liberty more than Democracy; who prefer civil and
+religious freedom to the spoils of office; who revere the
+memory of Tyndale, Luther, and Calvin; of Cranmer, Latimer, and
+Ridley; of the seven Bishops; of Fox; of the Puritan fathers;
+of Wesley and Hall; of the Reformers and Protestants of every
+name, and, more than all, of our revolutionary ancestors, to
+burst the fetters of party and come to the rescue of their
+bleeding country, bleeding at every pore from wounds inflicted
+by Democratic hands, amidst the jeers of European despots, the
+shouts of foreigners in our midst, and the taunts and sneers of
+Catholics and Jesuits all around us!</p>
+
+<p>"Let not Protestant ministers be intimidated by the impudent
+assaults of a venal press, or the fierce denunciations of
+infuriated politicians, from doing their whole duty in the
+pulpit and at the polls. No Presbyterian has ever denied to a
+Methodist the right to question his religious faith, and no
+Methodist will dispute the right of other denominations to
+impugn his creed. Methodists have assailed the Presbyterian
+doctrine of election. Presbyterians, in turn, have assailed
+their ideas of perfection and falling from grace. Both have
+controverted the Baptists' views of immersion, and all have
+denied the Episcopalians' doctrine of <i>apostolic succession</i>.
+These and many other points of difference have, from the
+foundation of our government, often been the subjects of
+earnest, protracted, and excited discussion; but when did any
+American Protestant ever deny to another American Protestant
+the constitutional right to differ with him in opinion, and to
+express that difference through the press, in the pulpit, or
+any other constitutional mode? Yet, it has been reserved for
+Democratic presses to attempt, for electioneering purposes, to
+curb the free spirit of Protestant ministers: to denounce them
+as "<span class="smcap">Reverend Hypocrites</span>;" and, when beholding at home and
+abroad, on the land and on the sea, among Christians and
+Pagans, in the halls of legislation, in churches and schools,
+in free speech, and in a free press, and in ten thousand other
+forms, the magnificent and glorious results of the Reformation,
+to ask, with impudent assurance, '<span class="smcap">What has Protestantism done
+for the world</span>?' Not satisfied with the storm of execration
+which such an infamous interrogatory produced, the Nashville
+Union and American, the leading Democratic paper in Tennessee,
+in a very abusive article entitled '<i>What has it
+accomplished?</i>' under date of April 26, 1856, thus speaks,
+among other things, of what he styles 'the Know Nothing
+Organization:'</p>
+
+<p>"'<i>It has done more than this: it has gone into the Church and</i>
+<span class="smcap">converted the pulpit into a political rostrum</span>&mdash;<i>it has turned
+the attention of the ministry from</i> <span class="smcap">the peaceful paths of
+Christianity to the arena of political turmoil</span>&mdash;<i>it has pulled
+down the banner of the Cross, and placed in its stead</i> <span class="smcap">the red
+flag of intolerance and proscription</span>.'</p>
+
+<p>"While Protestant ministers, in the enjoyment of the rights
+secured to them by the Constitution, have, as before stated,
+often engaged in controversies with each other as to their
+differences in matters of Church government and speculative
+faith, they have, with one accord, from the foundation of the
+government, preached and published their views against the
+Roman Catholic Church&mdash;which arrogates a superiority over them
+all, and stigmatizes them as sects&mdash;long before the American
+party ever had an existence. But because, in the course of
+events, it has become necessary for politicians to inquire what
+effect an acknowledgment of the temporal supremacy of the Pope
+may have upon our free institutions, the Democratic party&mdash;if
+it is to be judged of by its organ&mdash;would gag the Protestant
+clergy, deny to them a right which they have always exercised,
+and, if they dare to oppose the colossal strides of Rome,
+denounce them as having converted the pulpit into a <i>political<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+rostrum</i>,' and as having raised '<i>the red flag of Intolerance
+and Proscription</i>.'</p>
+
+<p>"It is not for me to prescribe, nor do I desire to dictate the
+duty of Protestant ministers; but if, in the combined efforts
+which the Catholics have been making under the patronage of
+European despots and noblemen, and the encouragement of
+Democratic demagogues in our own country, they see that this
+tremendous corporation has planted its footsteps in all our
+large cities&mdash;is possessing itself of the North-West and the
+Mississippi valley&mdash;and is encircling them, as it were, with a
+wall of fire: if they see that the newspapers and periodicals
+of that corporation have published doctrines in this free
+country which they would scarcely avow in the Roman Catholic
+countries of Europe: if, in one word, they believe that they
+are to be persecuted and exterminated by Catholics, or take
+care of themselves before it is too late&mdash;then Protestant
+ministers, agreeing as they do in all great doctrines, and
+differing only as to those which are not absolutely essential,
+will cease to disagree among themselves, at least until after
+they avert a common danger, and will rally as a band of
+brethren to resist, in such mode as they may deem proper, the
+encroachments and the insults of Rome, and all her satellites
+and allies.</p>
+
+<p>"If I do not greatly err in the estimate which I place upon the
+Protestant clergymen of America, the Democratic party and the
+Catholics will discover, sooner or later, that the same spirit
+which caused the Protestant fathers to brave the perils of the
+<span class="smcap">boot</span> and the <span class="smcap">stake</span>: to stand, without flinching, before such
+miscreant judges as <i>Jeffreys</i> and <i>Scroggs</i>: to yield two
+thousand pulpits and look beggary and starvation in the face,
+rather than compromise with conscience; and, above all, to risk
+the untried dangers of the ocean and settle among savages&mdash;will
+nobly animate their descendants, and they will act in a manner
+worthy of themselves and of the great cause which is intrusted
+to their keeping.</p>
+
+<p>"Never was a more unfounded charge made against any party than
+that of <i>proscription</i> against the American party. It is only
+the political feature&mdash;the allegiance to the Pope of
+Rome&mdash;which we have felt called upon especially to oppose:
+leaving it to Protestant ministers to expose, if they choose,
+the absurdity of Catholic theological tenets.</p>
+
+<p>"It is a historical fact that the Romish clergy of France in
+1682, under the lead of Louis XIV., made a declaration that
+'Kings and sovereigns are not subject to any ecclesiastical
+power by the order of God in temporal things, and their
+subjects cannot be released from the obedience which they owe
+them, nor absolved from their oath of allegiance.' The doctrine
+of this declaration is called indifferently 'the Gallican, or
+the French, or the Cis-Alpine doctrine. That of the Court of
+Rome is called the Italian, or trans-Alpine doctrine."</p>
+
+<p>"Under the solemn assurance of the Louisiana delegation that
+the native Catholics of Louisiana do not acknowledge the
+temporal supremacy of the Pope, they were admitted to
+representation in the American Council and Convention, and this
+fact abundantly proves that there is no desire to <i>persecute</i>
+Catholics for their religion, but only a determination to
+resist their political doctrine, which, although denied by Mr.
+Chandler in Congress, has been incontrovertibly established by
+the history of that Church for ages, the avowals of Mr.
+Brownson, the rebuke of Mr. Chandler by the Dublin Tablet, and
+other overwhelming proofs.</p>
+
+<p>"In concluding this letter, it would, perhaps, be proper to
+dwell upon the claims of Messrs. Fillmore and Donelson to the
+support of the American people of all parties; but their
+characters are so well known, and I have already so extended my
+remarks, that I deem it unnecessary to observe any thing more
+than that Mr. Fillmore, by the faithful discharge of his duty,
+won<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> the most cordial approbation of his political enemies as
+well as political friends, and had the confidence of the whole
+country when he retired from office, and has done nothing since
+to destroy it; while Maj. Donelson, as our Minister to Texas,
+to Prussia, and to Denmark, sustained the dignity of our
+country and acquitted himself with honor&mdash;denounced the
+unhallowed proceedings of the Southern Convention&mdash;struggled
+manfully, as the Democratic editor of the Washington Union, in
+behalf of the Compromise, and never withdrew from it until May,
+1852, when, so far as I understand his course from his public
+acts, being unwilling to 'blow hot and cold' on the slavery
+question, and to aid the Democratic party in wearing a Northern
+and a Southern face, he indignantly retired from it, and
+subsequently attached himself to the American party in the hope
+that it could carry on his most cherished object&mdash;the
+preservation of the Union.</p>
+
+<p>"The object of selecting an old-line Whig and an old-line
+Democrat, was to nail to the counter the charge that the
+American party is the Whig party in disguise, and to induce, if
+possible, conservative men of both the old parties to unite and
+rescue the country from Democratic misrule.</p>
+
+<p>"Hundreds, thousands of Democrats in Tennessee, acting upon
+their own impulses and without concert with their leaders,
+attached themselves to the American party, but under the abuse
+of the leaders withdrew from it. Although, personally, I have
+no claims upon the Democracy, and have been always opposed to
+that party, yet I would respectfully observe that first
+impressions are often the best, and if such Democrats will take
+the trouble faithfully and honestly to examine the questions of
+the day for themselves, uninfluenced by the dictation of party
+leaders on either side, they will, doubtless, find many and
+cogent reasons to return to their first love.</p>
+
+<p>"But to such of the old-line Whigs as have not already gone
+over to the Democratic party, I do feel that I have the right
+through this or any other medium to address a few words. It is
+well known that I have been a Whig from my boyhood, and until I
+attached myself to the American party about twelve months ago;
+and that, in some form or other, I have labored in behalf of
+the Whig cause from my youth up&mdash;in good report and evil
+report, in prosperity and in adversity, and without fee or
+reward. And, with great deference to the opinions of others, I
+would inquire what has any old-line Whig to gain, either for
+his country or himself, by listening to the seductive
+flatteries of Democracy, as he looks upon the dismembered
+fragments of the Whig party, or sits, like Marius, amid the
+ruins of Carthage? What party is it that has brought about the
+desolation you behold? To whose strategy was it owing that the
+once impregnable city was betrayed and surrounded, and its
+lofty battlements levelled with the dust? What foul coalition
+circumvented you, and whose pestilential breath is now
+whispering in your ear? Has that party against which you have
+fought for twenty years&mdash;which you have regarded as essentially
+corrupt and dangerous to the Union&mdash;all at once, and by some
+magical and unknown process, been cleansed of its impurities,
+and does it stand before you clothed in a white and spotless
+robe? What are some of the reasons why you opposed it?</p>
+
+<p>"It denounced proscription for opinion's sake before it came
+into power, but kept the guillotine in continual motion
+afterwards. It rebuked any interference with the freedom of
+elections, and then denied its doctrine, and sought in
+countless ways to control them. It charged the administration
+of John Quincy Adams with reckless extravagance, and has
+expended as much, or nearly as much, of the public treasure in
+one year as he did in the course of his administration. It was
+favorable to <i>a</i> bank, a judicious tariff, and internal
+improvements by the general government, but has crushed beneath
+its iron heel the whole American system. It promised a gold and
+silver currency, and told the farmers that they and their wives
+should have 'long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> silken purses, through the interstices of
+which the yellow gold would shine and glitter,' but has given
+us instead more than thirteen hundred State bonds, with a
+capital of more than three hundred millions. It has united the
+purse and the sword by means of its odious Sub-Treasury. It
+trampled beneath its feet the broad seal of the State of New
+Jersey, and encouraged Dorr's rebellion.</p>
+
+<p>"It annexed Texas and California, and has strengthened the
+Abolition power. It sustains the frequent use of the veto, and
+under the name of Democracy delights in the exercise of
+monarchical prerogative. It proclaimed in 1844 and 1845, that
+not a thimblefull of blood would be shed by any war growing out
+of the annexation of Texas, when that war sacrificed thousands
+of lives, and has cost us millions in money and land. It
+boasted, in regard to the Oregon question, that we must have
+'54&deg; 40&acute; or fight,' but swallowed its own words, and in later
+times has attempted to retrieve its courage by the sublime and
+magnificent bombardment of Greytown! It ordered General Taylor
+into the heart of the Mexican country with a feeble force, and
+when his victories had won the grateful plaudits of his
+countrymen, it had the unparalleled meanness, while he was
+still fighting our battles, to censure the capitulation of
+Monterey. It had the baseness to call General Scott from the
+head of a victorious army, and to attempt to disgrace him in
+the eyes of his own country and the world. It denounced Judge
+White as a renegade, General Harrison as a coward, Mr. Clay as
+a blackguard, and General Scott as a fool. And, without
+repeating what has been already urged in regard to its attitude
+upon the slavery question and the other topics that have been
+discussed, I submit to the old-line Whigs that there is no
+principle which the Democratic party sincerely holds in common
+with them, and that they should unite with us in the effort to
+man the ship of State with officers and men devoted to the
+Constitution and true to the Union, in the hope that it may be
+rescued from the whirlpools and breakers among which it has
+been so recklessly conducted.</p>
+
+<p>"Having expressed myself with the independence which should
+characterize a freeman, I cannot expect that a party which has
+dealt in the most unmitigated denunciation of wiser and better
+men than myself, will permit my observations to pass with
+impunity, but I shall be amply compensated for their abuse if
+abler tongues and pens will improve upon these hurried remarks,
+and teach our Democratic traducers that they cannot continue,
+without just retaliation, their unjustifiable assaults upon the
+American party.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"Yours respectfully,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"THOS. A. R. NELSON."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p>
+<h2>PROSCRIBING FOREIGNERS&mdash;FOREIGN IMMIGRATION&mdash;FOREIGN PAUPERS AND
+CRIMINALS&mdash;FOREIGNERS ELECTED GEN. PIERCE&mdash;OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The issue which most disturbs the Sag-Nicht Foreign Catholic Locofoco
+Dry-rot <i>patriots</i>, of the present day, in connection with the
+principles of the American party, is their <i>proscription</i> of
+foreign-born citizens. If the reader will turn back to the Philadelphia
+Platform, and consult the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 9th sections of that
+instrument, it will be seen that the American party really proscribe
+only those who are proscribed by the <i>Constitution of the United
+States</i>, and the laws defining the rights of foreign-born citizens. The
+American party demand the enactment of laws upon this subject more
+<i>definite</i>, and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.</p>
+
+<p>The only <i>positive</i> work which the Constitution does, in regard to
+foreigners, is to <i>proscribe</i>. It contains but five clauses touching the
+subject: four of these are <span class="smcap">prohibitory</span>, and the other is simply
+<i>permissive</i>. There is no guaranteeing clause whatever. We must be
+pardoned for recalling the very language of the Constitution&mdash;for in
+this <i>progressive</i> age, our "Young American" generation is fast losing
+sight of the plainest features of that document: which, with
+Fillibustering, Fire-eating agitators, is <i>Old Fogyism</i>! Let the
+Constitution speak for itself:</p>
+
+<p>Section 5, Article II. of the Constitution says: "No person, except a
+natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of
+the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of
+President." That is proscription.</p>
+
+<p>Section 3, Article XII., says: "No person constitutionally ineligible to
+the office of President shall be eligible to the office of
+Vice-President of the United States." That is proscription.</p>
+
+<p>Section 8, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Senator who shall not
+have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of
+these United States." That is proscription.</p>
+
+<p>Section 2, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Representative<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> who
+shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven
+years a citizen." This is proscription.</p>
+
+<p>These are the disabilities imposed upon Foreigners after they have been
+made citizens. But, more than this, the Constitution leaves it
+discretionary whether to make them citizens at all. It simply confers
+the power&mdash;<i>simply permits</i>. Here is the remaining clause, to which we
+have alluded:</p>
+
+<p>Section 8, Article I., says: "Congress shall have power to establish a
+uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of
+bankruptcies throughout the United States."</p>
+
+<p>But let us notice the matter of foreign emigration to this country. In
+that fragment of a nation, composed of three and a quarter millions,
+which accomplished the American Revolution, there were in the United
+Colonies, in the year 1775, just 20,000 more foreigners than now come
+into this country in six months!</p>
+
+<p>The progress of emigration into this country, as shown from the State
+Department at Washington, is after this fashion:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1852,</td><td align='right'>375,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1853,</td><td align='right'>368,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>In the year 1854, the returns of the first six months warrant the estimate for the entire year of</td><td align='right'>500,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>The aggregate, for the first four and a half years of this decennial term, is</td><td align='right'>1,801,000</td></tr>
+
+
+<tr><td align='left'>There is no reason for believing that the vast immigration<br />
+of this year will diminish. In fact, there is no<br />
+limit to its rate of progress but the means of conveyance.<br />
+Now, then, we have upon this basis an aggregate<br />
+for the six years and a half intervening between<br />
+this period and 1860, of</td><td align='right'>3,250,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Making for the current ten years, the astounding aggregate of</td><td align='right'>5,051,000</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>Let Americans charge continually that the righteous ground upon which it
+plants itself is, THAT AMERICANS SHALL RULE AMERICA. Let them point the
+voters of the country to solid facts, from which there is no escape.
+Tell them that the emigration to this country, according to the Census
+records at Washington, was:</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>From</td><td align='left'>1790 to 1810</td><td align='right'>120,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1810 to 1820</td><td align='right'>114,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1820 to 1830</td><td align='right'>203,979</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1830 to 1840</td><td align='right'>778,500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>1840 to 1850</td><td align='right '>1,542,850</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>&mdash;and that statistics show that during the present decade, from 1850 to
+1860, in regularly increasing ratio, nearly four millions of aliens will
+probably be poured in upon us.</p>
+
+<p>Point to the fact, that from this immigration spring nearly four-fifths
+of the beggary, two-thirds of the pauperism, and more than three-fifths
+of the crime of our country; that more than half the public charities,
+more than half the prisons and alms-houses, more than half the police
+and the cost of administering criminal justice, are for foreigners,&mdash;and
+let the demand be made, that national and State legislation shall
+interfere, to direct, ameliorate, and control these elements, so far as
+it may be done within the limits of the Constitution.</p>
+
+<p>Let Americans everywhere, and at all times, charge home and force upon
+the attention of the people the alarming fact that if immigration
+continues at the above rates, in thirty years from this time the
+population of this country will exceed that of France, England, Spain,
+Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland, all combined; that in fifteen years
+the foreign will outnumber the native population; that in 1854 the
+number of foreign immigrants was 500,000, of which 307,639 arrived at
+the port of New York; that the white population of North Carolina is
+only a little over 500,000&mdash;so that enough come to settle a State as
+populous as North Carolina in a year. Set forth the statistical facts,
+as shown by the last Census, that the immigration of 1854 was more than
+equal to the white population of either one of eighteen States of this
+Union; and in proof, point them to the following startling facts:</p>
+
+<p>A. Table comparing the white population of the States therein
+enumerated, with the foreign immigration of 1854, and showing the excess
+of foreign immigrants for this year above the respective population of
+the several States.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>States.</td><td align='left'>White population.</td><td align='left'>Excess of immigrants.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Arkansas</td><td align='right'>162,189</td><td align='right'>337,811</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alabama</td><td align='right'>426,514</td><td align='right'>73,486</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>California</td><td align='right'>91,635</td><td align='right'>418,365</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>South Carolina</td><td align='right'>274,563</td><td align='right'>226,437</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Connecticut</td><td align='right'>363,099</td><td align='right'>136,901</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Delaware</td><td align='right'>71,169</td><td align='right'>328,831</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Florida</td><td align='right'>47,203</td><td align='right'>452,717</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Iowa</td><td align='right'>191,881</td><td align='right'>308,119</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Louisiana</td><td align='right'>225,491</td><td align='right'>374,509</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maryland</td><td align='right'>417,943</td><td align='right'>82,057</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Michigan</td><td align='right'>395,071</td><td align='right'>104,929</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Mississippi</td><td align='right'>295,718</td><td align='right'>204,282</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New Hampshire</td><td align='right'>317,456</td><td align='right'>182,514</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New Jersey</td><td align='right'>465,509</td><td align='right'>34,491</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rhode Island</td><td align='right'>143,875</td><td align='right'>356,125</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Texas</td><td align='right'>154,034</td><td align='right'>345,946</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Vermont</td><td align='right'>213,402</td><td align='right'>186,598</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wisconsin</td><td align='right'>304,756</td><td align='right'>195,244</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Analyze this table, and show from it that the foreign immigration of
+1854 was sufficient to have settled three States equal to Arkansas,
+three equal to Iowa, three equal to Texas, two to Louisiana, four to
+Rhode Island, five to California, seven to Delaware, or ten to Florida;
+so that under the principle of the Kansas and Nebraska act, while
+immigrants continue pouring in upon us at the present rate, we may have
+within one year ten new States applying for admission into the Union,
+entitled to their twenty Senators in the United States Senate; and yet
+this would be but the Senatorial representation of 500,000 foreigners.</p>
+
+<p>Let the light of truth be heard upon the great question of immigration,
+and let the people see that if the ratio of immigration continues as it
+has been since 1850, during the ten years from 1850 to 1860 there will
+have come four millions of foreigners into this country&mdash;enough to
+settle eighty States equal to Florida, thirty-two equal to Rhode Island,
+sixteen equal to Louisiana, or eight equal to Maryland, North Carolina,
+South Carolina, Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi, Vermont, Alabama, New
+Hampshire, or New Jersey. So the Senatorial representation of foreigners
+may reach one hundred and sixty members in the United States Senate, and
+cannot be less than twenty in a body composed of but sixty-two members
+representing thirty-one States.</p>
+
+
+<h4>UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY&mdash;FOREIGNISM AND NATIVEISM.</h4>
+
+<p>The reader will find below a list of the names of the employees in the
+Coast Survey, classified according to birth, and their respective
+salaries:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Natives. </td><td align='right'>Salary.</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> Foreigners. </td><td align='right'>Salary.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>E. Nutty</td><td align='right'> $1,200</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. E. Hilgard</td><td align='right'> $2,200</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. T. Hoover </td><td align='right'>600</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> S. E. Werner</td><td align='right'> 1,419</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. H. Toomer </td><td align='right'>519</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> C. A. Schott</td><td align='right'> 1,500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. E. Blackenship </td><td align='right'>500</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Main</td><td align='right'> 1,100</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. Freeman </td><td align='right'>350</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> G. Rumpf</td><td align='right'> 1,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. Mitchell </td><td align='right'>1,000</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Weisner</td><td align='right'> 900</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. Heaton </td><td align='right'>700</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> L. F. Pourtales</td><td align='right'> 1,500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. S. Avery </td><td align='right'>660</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> S. Hein</td><td align='right'> 2,500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Kincheloe </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Welch </td><td align='right'>1,565</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>G. C. Blanchard </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> A. Brschke</td><td align='right'> 1,408</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. E. Evans </td><td align='right'>339</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> &mdash;&mdash; Balback</td><td align='right'> 639</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. L. Hawkins </td><td align='right'>1,200</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> &mdash;&mdash; Lendenkehl</td><td align='right'> 782</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. McPherson </td><td align='right'>700</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> W. P. Schultz </td><td align='right'>704</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. M. C. Fairfax </td><td align='right'>1,800</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> G. McCoy </td><td align='right'>2,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>M. J. McClery </td><td align='right'>1,600</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> A. Rolle </td><td align='right'>1,700</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&mdash;&mdash; Poterfield </td><td align='right'>1,000</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> G. B. Metzenroth </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>L. Williams</td><td align='right'> 860</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. C. Koudnip </td><td align='right'>939</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>John Key </td><td align='right'>782</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Rutherdall </td><td align='right'>526</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&mdash;&mdash; Martin</td><td align='right'> 751</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Barrett </td><td align='right'>375</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>B. Hooe </td><td align='right'>419</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Vierbunchen </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>F. Fairfax </td><td align='right'>500</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> P. Vierbunchen </td><td align='right'>281</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. McCormick</td><td align='right'> 156</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> T. Hunt </td><td align='right'>704</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>E. Wharton </td><td align='right'>1,100</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> J. Missenson</td><td align='right'> 626</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Knight </td><td align='right'>1,700</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> R. Schelpass</td><td align='right'> 469</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>F. Dankworth </td><td align='right'>1,700</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> C. Ramkin</td><td align='right'> 313</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. V. N. Throop </td><td align='right'>1,252</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> F. White </td><td align='right'>960</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. Knight </td><td align='right'>939</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> D. Flyn </td><td align='right'>600</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>C. A. Knight</td><td align='right'> 626</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> T. Kinney </td><td align='right'>525</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>G. Mathiot</td><td align='right'> 1,800</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> C. Kraft</td><td align='right'> 420</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>S. Harris</td><td align='right'> 519</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> B. Neff </td><td align='right'>526</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>S. D. O'Brien</td><td align='right'> 1,059</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> A. Maedell </td><td align='right'>1,095</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A. Geatman </td><td align='right'>704</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. Tine</td><td align='right'> 626</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td align='left'> </td><td align='right'>$31,867</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>C. B. Snow </td><td align='right'>1,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Smith </td><td align='right'>593</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>G. Hitz</td><td align='right'> 313</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Cronion </td><td align='right'>519</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>A. W. Russell </td><td align='right'>1,300</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&mdash;&mdash; Tansill </td><td align='right'>660</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>V. E. King </td><td align='right'>720</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>F. Holden </td><td align='right'>500</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Mitchell </td><td align='right'>331</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. Bright </td><td align='right'>216</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'> $24,429</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>The whole number of natives, 43; number of foreigners, 31. Amount paid
+natives, $24,429; amount paid foreigners, $31,867. The average salary of
+the natives is $568 12 per year; of the foreigners, $1,029 98 per
+year&mdash;nearly double that of the natives. Is not this <i>favoritism</i> to the
+foreigner, and <i>discrimination</i> against the native? The disbursing
+officer, S. Hein, receives $2,500.</p>
+
+<p>The result of the last Presidential election was controlled by <i>foreign
+votes</i>, beyond all question. Look at the figures&mdash;see how they foot
+up&mdash;and see that the country is controlled by foreigners:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>States.</td><td align='left'>Foreign population.</td><td align='left'>Foreign vote.</td><td align='left'>Pierce's majority.</td><td align='left'>Electoral vote for Pierce.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New York,</td><td align='right'>655,224</td><td align='right'>93,317</td><td align='right'>27,201</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pennsylvania,</td><td align='right'>303,105</td><td align='right'>43,300</td><td align='right'>19,446</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maryland,</td><td align='right'>51,011</td><td align='right'>7,287</td><td align='right'>4,945</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Louisiana,</td><td align='right'>67,308</td><td align='right'>9,615</td><td align='right'>1,392</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Missouri,</td><td align='right'>76,570</td><td align='right'>10,938</td><td align='right'>7,698</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Illinois,</td><td align='right'>111,860</td><td align='right'>15,980</td><td align='right'>15,653</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Ohio,</td><td align='right'>218,099</td><td align='right'>31,157</td><td align='right'>16,694</td><td align='right'>23</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wisconsin,</td><td align='right'>110,471</td><td align='right'>15,781</td><td align='right'>11,418</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Iowa,</td><td align='right'>20,968</td><td align='right'>2,995</td><td align='right'>1,180</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rhode Island,</td><td align='right'>23,832</td><td align='right'>3,404</td><td align='right'>1,109</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Connecticut,</td><td align='right'>38,374</td><td align='right'>5,482</td><td align='right'>2,870</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Delaware,</td><td align='right'>5,243</td><td align='right'>749</td><td align='right'>25</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>New Jersey,</td><td align='right'>59,804</td><td align='right'>8,543</td><td align='right'>5,749</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>California,</td><td align='right'>21,628</td><td align='right'>10,000</td><td align='right'>5,694</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>258,548</td><td align='right'>120,094</td><td align='right'>152</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>RECAPITULATION.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Pierce's vote,</td><td align='right'>1,602,663</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scott's vote,</td><td align='right'>1,385,990</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>216,673</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Foreign vote,</td><td align='right'>367,320</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Pierce's majority,</td><td align='right'>216,673</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>150,647</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>The foreign vote exceeded Pierce's majority over Scott, 150,647 votes.</p>
+
+<p>It is thus demonstrated that in each of these fourteen States the
+foreign vote was larger than the majority given for General Pierce; and
+it is also demonstrated that the aggregate foreign vote of these
+fourteen States is more than twice the whole number of General Pierce's
+majorities in said States. If even one-half of the foreign vote had been
+given to General Scott, he would have been elected instead of General
+Pierce!</p>
+
+<p>The following New York City statistics set forth the amount of <i>crime</i>
+committed in that city for six months ending in June, 1855:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It appears that the number of arrests made during that time
+were 25,110. Of these, no less than 9,755 were for intoxication
+and disorderly conduct combined; and 7,025 for crimes that had
+their origin in the dram-shops, to wit:</p>
+
+<p>"Assault and battery, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, &amp;c. The
+greatest number of arrests were in June, showing that during
+the hot weather, as is generally the case, more liquor was
+drank. The birth-place of the criminals, for two months, was as
+follows:</p></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>United States,</td><td align='left'>1,750</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Ireland,</td><td align='left'>5,117</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Germany,</td><td align='left'>1,010</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>All other places,</td><td align='left'>4,847</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It needs no argument to prove if there had been no
+intoxicating liquor sold in that city, a large portion of the
+crimes and the misery resulting therefrom would have been
+prevented."</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">More Instructive Statistics.</span>&mdash;The Jersey City Sentinel of the 22d ult.
+publishes statistics of crime and pauperism in Jersey City and Hudson
+County, as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Number of inhabitants in Jersey City, 21,000, viz.: natives,
+13,000; Irish, 5,000; other foreigners, 4,000. Number of
+persons who have been confined in the city prison, 4,100, viz.:
+natives, 75; Irish, 3,550; other foreigners, 475. Number of
+persons confined in the county jail at present, 68, viz.:
+natives, 2; Irish, 58: other foreigners, 8. Of 188 persons who
+have been inmates of the Almshouse, none have been natives, and
+no foreigners except Irish. Of 723 who received aid from the
+Poor-master, 2 were natives, and 721 were Irish."</p></div>
+
+<p>We will now submit, as authorities, some names which ought to have
+weight with the American people, and which demonstrate, beyond all
+contradiction, that we have had "Know Nothings" in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> our country in
+former days, if they were not called by that name! Here are the words
+and sentiments of these "dark-lantern patriots:"</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, (I conjure
+you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free
+people ought to be constantly awake. It is one of the most
+baneful foes of a Republican government."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Washington.</span></p>
+
+<p>"I hope we may find some hope in future of shielding ourselves
+from foreign influence, in whatever form it may be attempted. I
+wish there were an ocean of fire between this and the old
+world."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jefferson.</span></p>
+
+<p>"Foreign influence is a Grecian horse to the republic: we
+cannot be too careful to exclude its entrance."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Madison.</span></p>
+
+<p>"There is an imperative necessity for reforming the
+Naturalization Laws of the United States."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Daniel Webster.</span></p>
+
+<p>"It is high time we should become a little more Americanized,
+and instead of feeding the paupers and laborers of England,
+feed our own; or else, in a short time, by our present policy,
+we shall become paupers ourselves."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Andrew Jackson.</span></p>
+
+<p>"I agree with the father of his country, that we should guard
+with a jealousy becoming a free people, our institutions,
+against the insidious wiles of foreign influence."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Henry Clay.</span></p>
+
+<p>"Our naturalization laws are unquestionably defective, or our
+alms-houses would not now be filled with paupers. Of the
+134,000 paupers in the United States, 68,000 are foreigners,
+and 66,000 natives. The annals of crime have swelled as the
+jails of Europe have poured their contents into the country,
+and the felon convict, reeking from a murder in Europe, or who
+has had the fortune to escape punishment for any other crime
+abroad, easily gains naturalization here, by spending a part of
+five years within the limits of the United States. Our country
+has become a Botany Bay, into which Europe annually discharges
+her criminals of every description."&mdash;<span class="smcap">John M. Clayton</span>, United
+States Senator.</p></div>
+
+<p>Forty years ago, this subject came up in the Congress of the United
+States, and that far-seeing statesman and patriot, <span class="smcap">John Randolph</span>, of
+Virginia, made a speech, from which we take the following extract:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"How long the country would endure this foreign yoke in its
+most odious and disgusting form he could not tell, but this he
+would say, that if we were to be dictated to and ruled by
+foreigners, he would much rather be ruled by a British
+Parliament than by British subjects here. Should he be told
+that those men fought in the war of the Revolution, he would
+answer, that those who did so were not included by him in the
+class he adverted to. That was a civil war, and they and we
+were at its commencement alike British subjects. Native
+Britons, therefore, then taking arms on our side, gave them the
+same rights as those who were born in this country, and his
+motion could be easily modified so as to provide for any that
+might be of this description, but no such modification, he was
+sure, would be found necessary, for this plain reason, to wit:</p>
+
+<p>"Where were the soldiers of the Revolution who were not
+natives? They were either already retired or else retiring to
+that great reckoning where discounts were not allowed. If the
+honorable gentleman (opposing the proposition) would point his
+finger to any such kind of person now living, he would agree to
+his being made an exception to the amendment. It was time that
+the American people should have a character of their own, and
+where would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> they find it? In New England and in Virginia only,
+because they were a homogeneous race&mdash;a peculiar people. They
+never yet appointed foreigners to sit in that house (of
+Congress) for them, or to fill their high offices. In both
+States this was their policy: it was not found in, nor was it
+owing to their paper constitutions, but what was better, it was
+interwoven in the frame of their thoughts and sentiments, in
+their steady habits, in their principles from the cradle&mdash;a
+much more solid security than could be found in any abracadabra
+which constitution-mongers could scrawl upon paper.</p>
+
+<p>"It might be indiscreet in him to say it, for, to say the
+truth, he had as little of that rascally virtue, prudence, he
+apprehended, as any man, and could as little conceal what he
+felt as affect what he did not feel. He knew it was not the way
+for him to conciliate the manufacturing body, yet he would say
+that he wished with all his heart that his bootmaker, his
+hatter, and other manufacturers, would rather stay in Great
+Britain, under their own laws, than come here to make laws for
+us, and leave us to import our covering. We must have our
+clothing home-made, (said he,) but I would much rather have my
+workmen home-made, and import my clothing. Was it best to have
+our own unpolluted republic peopled with its own pure <i>native</i>
+republicans, or erect another Sheffield, another Manchester,
+and another Birmingham, upon the banks of the Schuylkill, the
+Delaware, and the Brandywine, or have a host of Luddites
+amongst us&mdash;wretches from whom every vestige of the human
+creation seemed to be effaced? Would they wish to have their
+elections on that floor decided by a rabble? What was the ruin
+of old Rome? Why, their opening their gates and letting in the
+rabble of the whole world to be their legislators!"</p>
+
+<p>"If (said he) you wish to preserve among your fellow-citizens
+that exalted sense of freedom which gave birth to the
+Revolution&mdash;if you wish to keep alive among them the spirit of
+'76, you must endeavor to stop this flood of immigration! You
+must teach the people of Europe that if they do come here, all
+they must hope to receive is protection&mdash;but that they must
+have no share in the government. From such men a temporary
+party may receive precarious aid, but the country cannot be
+safe nor the people happy where they are introduced into
+government, or meddle with public concerns in any great
+degree."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>"This (said Mr. Randolph) is a favorable time to make a stand
+against this evil (immigration,) and if not <i>this</i> session, he
+hoped that in the <i>next</i> there would be a revisal of the
+naturalization laws."</p></div>
+
+<p>A few short epistles from the pen of Gen. <span class="smcap">Washington</span>, and we will close
+this chapter. These we take from the "Papers of Washington by Sparks."
+George Washington, justly styled the "father of his country," was a
+great and good man&mdash;a primitive Know Nothing&mdash;a praying Protestant&mdash;and
+withal, the man who was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the
+hearts of his countrymen." Here are the honest sentiments of this man:</p>
+
+<h4>     TO RICHARD HENRY LEE.</h4>
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Morristown</span>, May 17, 1777.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;I take the liberty to ask you what Congress expects
+I am to do with the many foreigners they have at different
+times promoted to the rank of field-officers, and, by the last
+resolve, two to that of colonels.... These men have no
+attachment nor ties to the country, further than interest binds
+them. Our officers think it exceedingly hard, after they have
+toiled in this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> service and have sustained many losses, to have
+strangers put over them, whose merit, perhaps, is not equal to
+their own, but whose effrontery will take no denial.... It is
+by the zeal and activity of our own people that the cause must
+be supported, and not by a few hungry adventurers....</p>
+
+<p class="right">"I am, &amp;c.,</p>
+
+<p class="right">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</p></div>
+
+<p>[Vol. IV., p. 423.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<h4>TO THE SAME.</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Middlebrook</span>, June 1, 1777.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"You will, before this can reach you, have seen Monsieur
+Ducoudray. What his real expectations are, I do not know; but I
+fear, if his appointment is equal to what I have been told is
+his expectation, it will be attended with unhappy consequences.
+<i>To say nothing of the policy of intrusting a department, on
+the execution of which the salvation of the army depends, to a
+foreigner who has no other tie to bind him to the interests of
+this country than honor</i>, I would beg leave to observe that by
+putting Mr. D. at the head of the artillery, you will lose a
+very valuable officer in General Knox, who is a man of great
+military reading, sound judgment, and clear conceptions, who
+will resign if any one is put over him.... I am, &amp;c.,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[Vol. IV., p. 446.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<h4>TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, ESQ.</h4>
+
+<p><span class="date">"<span class="smcap">White Plains</span>, July 24, 1778.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;The design of this is to touch cursorily upon a
+subject of very great importance to the well-being of these
+States: much more so than will appear at first view. I mean
+<i>the appointment of so many foreigners to offices of high rank
+and trust in our service</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"The lavish manner in which rank has hitherto been bestowed on
+these gentlemen, will certainly be productive of one or the
+other of these two evils&mdash;<i>either to make us despicable in the
+eyes of Europe, or become a means of pouring them in upon us
+like a torrent, and adding to our present burden</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"But it is neither the expense nor trouble of them that I
+dread: there is an evil more extensive in its nature and fatal
+in its consequences to be apprehended, and that is the driving
+of all our own officers out of the service, and throwing not
+only our army but our military councils entirely into the hands
+of foreigners.</p>
+
+<p>"The officers, my dear sir, on whom you must depend for the
+defence of this cause, distinguished by length of service,
+their connections, property, and military merit, will not
+submit much, if any longer, to the unnatural promotion of men
+over them who have nothing more than a little plausibility,
+unbounded pride and ambition, and a perseverance in application
+not to be resisted but by uncommon firmness, to support their
+pretensions: men who, in the first instance, tell you they wish
+for nothing more than the honor of serving in so glorious a
+cause as volunteers, the next day solicit rank without pay, the
+day following want money advanced to them, and in the course of
+a week want further promotion, and are not satisfied with any
+thing you can do for them. The expediency and the policy of the
+measure remain to be considered, and whether it is consistent
+with justice or prudence to promote these military
+fortune-hunters at the hazard of your army.</p>
+
+<p>"Baron Steuben, I now find, is also wanting to quit his
+inspectorship for a command in the line. This will be
+productive of much discontent to the brigadiers. In a word,
+although I think the Baron an excellent officer, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span><i>I do most
+devoutly wish that we had not a single foreigner among us,
+except the Marquis de Lafayette</i>, who acts upon very different
+principles from those which govern the rest. Adieu.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"I am most sincerely yours,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[Vol. VI., p. 13.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+<h4>TO JOHN ADAMS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.</h4>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, Nov. 27, 1794.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;... My opinion with respect to immigration is, that
+except of useful mechanics and some particular description of
+men or professions, there is no need of encouragement. I am,
+&amp;c.,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[Vol. XI., p. 1.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<h4>TO J. Q. ADAMS, AMERICAN MINISTER AT BERLIN.</h4>
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Mount Vernon</span>, Jan. 20, 1799.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;... You know, my good sir, that it is not the policy of
+this country to employ aliens where it can well be avoided,
+either in the civil or military walks of life.... There is a
+species of self-importance in all foreign officers that cannot
+be gratified without doing injustice to meritorious characters
+among our own countrymen, who conceive, and justly, where there
+is no great preponderancy of experience or merit, that they are
+entitled to the occupancy of all offices in the gift of their
+government.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"I am, &amp;c.,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[Vol. XI., p. 392.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<h4>
+SAME DATE, TO A FOREIGNER APPLYING FOR OFFICE.
+</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;... It does not accord with the policy of this
+government to bestow offices, civil or military, upon
+foreigners, to the exclusion of our own citizens. Yours, &amp;c.,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">G. Washington</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>[Vol. XI., p. 392.]</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<h4>INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL.</h4>
+<p><span class="date">"<span class="smcap">War Department</span>, Feb. 4, 1799.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"... For the cavalry, for the regulations restrict the
+recruiting officers to engage none <i>except natives</i> for this
+corps, and those only as from their known character and
+fidelity may be trusted."</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p>
+<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig for March, 1856.]</h4>
+
+<h2>WHO IS MILLARD FILLMORE?</h2>
+
+
+<p>A Brief history of the American nominee for the Presidency is this: He
+was born in the year 1800, in Cayuga county, New York, and is now
+fifty-six years of age. His father was then, as he now is, a farmer, in
+moderate circumstances; and now lives in the county of Erie, a short
+distance from Buffalo. The limited means of the family prevented the old
+gentleman from giving his son Millard any other or better education than
+was obtained in the imperfect common schools of that age.</p>
+
+<p>In his sixteenth year, Mr. Fillmore was placed with a merchant tailor
+near his home to learn that business. He remained four years in his
+apprenticeship, during which time he had access to a small library,
+improving the advantages it offered by perusing all the books therein
+contained. Judge Wood, of Cayuga county, pleased with his intellectual
+advancement, urged him to study the profession of the law; and as his
+poverty was the only obstacle in his way, Judge Wood advanced him the
+necessary means, relying upon his making a lawyer, and being able by the
+practice of the profession to refund the money again. With a portion of
+this money young Fillmore bought his unexpired time, which was for the
+winter, and he pursued his legal studies with energy and success, in the
+office of the noble Judge.</p>
+
+<p>In 1822, he removed to Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. His
+object in removing to Buffalo was to complete his studies and to obtain
+a license. This accomplished, he removed to Aurora, not far from where
+his parents resided, and there commenced the practice of his profession.
+The confidence of his neighbors in his integrity and abilities was such
+that he found himself in the midst of a lucrative practice at once. In
+1826, he was married to Miss Powers, the daughter of a clergyman in the
+village of Aurora, and this excellent woman lived to see him elected
+Vice-President of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>In 1829, Mr. Fillmore was elected from the county in which he married
+and where his parents lived to the General Assembly of New York, and for
+three years continued a member of this body, distinguishing himself by
+his energy, tact, and wisdom in legislation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span> Through his energy and
+speeches, <i>Imprisonment for Debt</i> was abolished, and this so increased
+his popularity throughout the State, that it was apparent that he could
+be elected to any office in the gift of the people of that State.</p>
+
+<p>In 1829, he was admitted a counsellor in the Supreme Court of New York,
+and in 1832 he removed to Buffalo, where he settled permanently and
+enlarged his practice as an attorney. In 1832, he was elected a
+representative in the 23d Congress, in which he served with industry and
+credit to himself and his district. At the end of his term he renewed
+the practice of the law, of choice, but, in 1836, was prevailed on to
+again serve his district in Congress; and in the celebrated New Jersey
+contested elections, distinguished himself. He was chosen to the next
+Congress by the largest majority ever given to any man in the district;
+and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, acquired a
+reputation that any man might be proud of.</p>
+
+<p>At the close of the 27th Congress, his friends were anxious for his
+continuance in public life, but he declined. And in his address to his
+constituents, dated at Washington, July 11th, 1842, he says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Pardon the personal vanity, though it be a weakness, that
+induces me to recur for a moment to the cherished recollections
+of your early friendship and abiding confidence. I cannot give
+vent to the feelings of my heart without it. It is now nearly
+fourteen years since you did me the unsolicited honor to
+nominate me to represent you in the State Legislature. Seven
+times have I received renewed evidence of your confidence by as
+many elections, and, at the expiration of my present term, I
+shall have served you three years in the State and eight years
+in the National Councils. I cannot recall the thousand acts of
+generous devotion from so many friends, without feeling the
+deepest emotions of gratitude. I came among you a poor and
+friendless boy. You kindly took me by the hand and gave me your
+confidence and support. You have conferred upon me distinction
+and honors, for which I could make no adequate return, but by
+honest and untiring effort faithfully to discharge the high
+trust which you confided to my keeping. If my humble efforts
+have met your approbation, I freely admit, next to the approval
+of my own conscience, it is the highest reward which I could
+receive for days of unceasing toil and nights of sleepless
+anxiety. I profess not to be above or below the common
+frailties of our nature. I will therefore not disguise the
+fact, that I was highly gratified at my first election to
+Congress; yet I can truly say that my utmost ambition has been
+gratified. I aspire to nothing more, and shall retire from the
+exciting scenes of political strife to the quiet employments of
+my family and fireside, with still more satisfaction than I
+felt when first elevated to distinguished station."</p></div>
+
+<p>During this same year he returned to the practice of his profession,
+and, in 1844, the Whig State Convention of New York put him in
+nomination for the office of Governor, in opposition to Silas Wright.
+This was the only conflict in which he ever suffered defeat, and the
+race was close. In 1847, without seeking or desiring the highly
+responsible office, he was elected Comptroller of the Finances<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> of the
+State, and removed to Albany, where he discharged the duties of the
+office with great credit to himself and usefulness to the State,
+resigning the office in February, 1849, to enter upon the duties of the
+office of Vice-President, to which he had been called by the election in
+1848. Gen. Taylor dying, he became President, and every patriot in the
+land remembers and admires the history of his administration. Gen. Cass
+and other distinguished Democrats said his career had been one of
+genuine patriotism, honor, and usefulness; and Gov. Wise, upon the stump
+in Virginia, characterized it as "Washington-like;" while the Democratic
+papers and orators, from Maine to California, declared that he ought to
+have been nominated in lieu of Gen. Scott, because he was one of the
+best men in America.</p>
+
+<p>He is now in Europe, familiarizing himself with the workings of the
+despotic governments of that country. Before leaving, almost one year
+ago, he told his friends, in answer to questions relating to the
+presidency, not to start any newspapers for his benefit&mdash;not to publish
+any documents&mdash;not to make any speeches, or even electioneer&mdash;and added,
+that if the American people nominated him, of their own free will and
+accord, he would accept their nomination, and if elected, he would serve
+them to the best of his abilities. His nomination, therefore, under the
+circumstances, is a great honor, and shows the implicit confidence the
+real people have in the integrity, patriotism, and qualifications of the
+man. That he will go into the presidential chair almost by acclamation,
+we have not the shadow of doubt.</p>
+
+<p>As to Mr. Fillmore's chances, we consider them excellent, and growing
+brighter every day. The indications are now very clear that he will
+obtain a <i>plurality</i>, if not a <i>majority</i> vote, in most of the Northern
+States; and under the most unfavorable circumstances, he will be sure to
+divide the electoral vote of the South, so as to carry more States than
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Buchanan</span>. Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama, are
+the only four States we concede to the Cincinnati nominee and <i>one</i> of
+these, we confidently expect to carry. Georgia and Arkansas we set down
+as doubtful, and we contend that Buchanan can't get either of them
+without a severe struggle.</p>
+
+<p>We then make this estimate, and claim as certain for <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span> and
+<span class="smcap">Donelson</span> the following States, viz.:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Massachusetts</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Rhode Island</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>New York</td><td align='right'>35</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>New Jersey</td><td align='right'>7</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Pennsylvania</td><td align='right'>27</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Maryland</td><td align='right'>8</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Kentucky</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Tennessee</td><td align='right'>12</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>North Carolina</td><td align='right'>10</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Louisiana</td><td align='right'>6</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Missouri</td><td align='right'>9</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>California</td><td align='right'>4</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Delaware</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>Florida</td><td align='right'>3</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>This makes a total of 157&mdash;<i>eleven,</i> more than is necessary to an
+election. This is not an extravagant, but a very fair estimate. The
+friends of the American ticket have a right to feel encouraged. With
+proper exertions our ticket will carry. Let every American consider
+himself a sentinel upon the watch-tower&mdash;let every friend of the party
+do his duty, and the result will not be doubtful. And let all who
+believe that "Americans ought to rule America," take courage&mdash;"the skies
+are bright and brightening."</p>
+
+<p>As it regards <span class="smcap">Mr. Fillmore's</span> Americanism, <i>that</i> is settled&mdash;he has been
+a Protestant American <i>fifteen years in advance</i> of the party, as it now
+exists. The Hon. <span class="smcap">J. T. Headley</span>, Secretary of State of New York,
+delivered a speech at the Capital of his State, March 7th, 1856, in
+which he spoke of Mr. Fillmore in the following language:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Now, in the first place, he was an American years before those
+who denounce him ever thought of Americanism. The Police
+constable of Newburg elected last year on the American ticket,
+told me, that years ago, when that well-known conflict occurred
+between the citizens of Buffalo and the foreign population,
+that a combination was formed called the "<i>American League</i>."
+The members of this League entered into <i>a solemn compact to
+stand together and fight together for the rights of Americans</i>.
+This constable was at the time an humble mechanic in Buffalo,
+and he said that <i>he constantly met Mr. Fillmore (who was a
+member of that League with him) at the Council Room</i>. Thus you
+see that those who would arrogate to themselves the title of
+Americans, and yet carp at Mr. Fillmore as wanting in American
+sentiment, are really recent volunteers compared with him. Mr.
+Fillmore carried his American principles still farther and
+became (so an officer in the same order informs me) <i>a member
+of the United Americans</i>. He has always been a true American,
+<i>he is now, and ever will be</i>, and is worthy to move at the
+head of the glorious column over which floats the flag bearing
+the inscription, 'Americans shall rule America.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>After the defeat of <span class="smcap">Mr. Clay</span>, in 1844, <span class="smcap">Mr. Fillmore</span> addressed him this
+noble <i>American</i> letter:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Buffalo</span>, Nov. 14, 1844.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;I have thought for three or four days that I
+would write to you, but really I am unmanned. I have no courage
+or resolution. All is gone. The last hope, which hung first
+upon the city of New York, and then upon Virginia, is finally
+dissipated, and I see nothing but despair depicted upon every
+countenance.</p>
+
+<p>"For myself, I have no regrets. I was nominated for Governor
+much against my will, and though not insensible to the pride of
+success, yet I feel a kind of relief at being defeated. But not
+so for you or the nation. Every consideration of justice, every
+feeling of gratitude conspired in the minds of honest men to
+insure your election, and though always doubtful of my own
+success, I could never doubt yours, till the painful conviction
+was forced upon me.</p>
+
+<p>"The Abolitionists and <i>Foreign Catholics have defeated us in
+this State</i>. I will not trust myself to speak of the vile
+hypocrisy of the leading Abolitionists now. Doubtless many
+acted honestly and ignorantly in what they did. But it is clear
+that Birney and his associates sold themselves to Locofocoism,
+and they will doubtless receive their reward.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<i>Our opponents, by pointing to the Native Americans and to Mr.
+Frelinghuysen, drove the Foreign Catholics from us and defeated
+us in this State.</i></p>
+
+<p>"But it is vain to look at the causes by which this infamous
+result has been produced. It is enough to say that all is gone.
+I must confess that nothing has happened to shake my confidence
+in our ability to sustain a free government so much as this.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>But here is one other letter, written to <span class="smcap">Isaac Newton</span>, just before <span class="smcap">Mr.
+Fillmore</span> left the United States for Europe. A more patriotic letter,
+breathing more of the genuine American spirit, we have never met with:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Buffalo</span>, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1855.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Respected Friend Isaac Newton</span>:&mdash;It would give me great
+pleasure to accept your kind invitation to visit Philadelphia,
+if it were possible to make my visit private, and limit it to a
+few personal friends whom I should be most happy to see; but I
+know that this would be out of my power, and I am therefore
+reluctantly compelled to decline your invitation, as I have
+done others to New York and Boston, for the same reason.</p>
+
+<p>"I return you many thanks for your information on the subject
+of politics. I am always happy to hear what is going forward,
+but, independent of the fact that I feel myself withdrawn from
+the political arena, I have been too much depressed in spirit
+to take an active part in the late elections. I contented
+myself with giving a silent vote for Mr. Ullman, for Governor.</p>
+
+<p>"While, however, I am an inactive observer of public events, I
+am by no means an indifferent one, and I may say to you in the
+frankness of private friendship, that I have for a long time
+looked with dread and apprehension at the corrupting influence
+which the contest for the foreign vote is exerting upon our
+elections. This seems to result from its being banded together,
+and subject to the control of a few interested and selfish
+leaders. Hence it has been a subject of bargain and sale, and
+each of the great political parties of the country have been
+bidding to obtain it, and, as usual in all such contests, the
+party which is most corrupt is most successful. The consequence
+is, that it is fast demoralizing the whole country; corrupting
+the very fountains of political power; and converting the
+ballot-box&mdash;that great palladium of our liberty&mdash;into an
+unmeaning mockery, where the rights of native-born citizens are
+voted away by those who blindly follow their mercenary and
+selfish leaders. The evidence of this is found not merely in
+the shameless chaffering for the foreign vote at every
+election, but in the large disproportion of offices which are
+now held by foreigners at home and abroad, as compared with our
+native citizens. Where is the true-hearted American whose cheek
+does not tingle with shame and mortification to see our highest
+and most coveted foreign missions filled by men of foreign
+birth to the exclusion of native-born? Such appointments are a
+humiliating confession to the crowned heads of Europe that a
+Republican soil does not produce sufficient talent to represent
+a Republican nation at a monarchical court. I confess that it
+seems to me&mdash;with all due respect to others&mdash;that, as a general
+rule, our country should be governed by American-born citizens.
+Let us give to the oppressed of every country an asylum and a
+home in our happy land, give to all the benefits of equal laws,
+and equal protection; but let us at the same time cherish, as
+the apple of our eye, the great principles of constitutional
+liberty, which few who have not had the good fortune to be
+reared in a free country know how to appreciate and still less
+how to preserve.</p>
+
+<p>"Washington, in that inestimable legacy which he left to his
+country&mdash;his farewell address&mdash;has wisely warned us to beware
+of foreign influence as the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> most baneful foe of a republican
+government. He saw it to be sure in a different light from that
+in which it now presents itself; but he knew it would approach
+us in all forms, and hence he cautioned us against the
+<i>insidious wiles of its influence</i>. Therefore, as well for our
+own sakes, to whom this invaluable inheritance of
+self-government has been left by our forefathers, as for the
+sake of unborn millions who are to inherit this land&mdash;foreign
+and native&mdash;let us take warning of the Father of his Country,
+and do what we can justly to preserve our institutions from
+corruption and our country from dishonor, but let this be done
+by the people themselves in their sovereign capacity by making
+a proper discrimination in the selection of officers, and not
+by depriving any individual&mdash;native or foreign-born&mdash;of any
+constitutional or legal right to which he is entitled.</p>
+
+<p>"These are my sentiments in brief; and although I have
+sometimes almost despaired of my country when I have witnessed
+the rapid strides of corruption, yet I think I perceive a gleam
+of hope in the future, and I now feel confident, that when the
+great mass of intelligence in this enlightened country is once
+fully aroused, and the danger manifested, it will fearlessly
+apply the remedy, and bring back the government to the pure
+days of Washington's administration. Finally, let us adopt the
+old Roman motto, '<i>Never despair of the Republic.</i>' Let us do
+our duty, and trust in that Providence which has so signally
+watched over and preserved us for the result. But I have said
+more than I intended, and much more than I should have said to
+any one but a trusted friend, as I have no desire to mingle in
+political strife.</p>
+
+<p>"Remember me kindly to your family, and believe me truly your
+friend,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In March, 1851, <span class="smcap">Lewis Cass</span>, than whom there is not a more devoted
+partisan in the Democratic ranks, delivered a speech on the floor of the
+United States Senate, in the course of which he paid the following just
+compliment to Mr. Fillmore's integrity, and to his efficiency in
+"<i>pacifying the country</i>," while he was President. We quote from the
+Congressional Globe, and hold it up as a withering rebuke to those
+"lesser lights" of Democracy, who are now defaming this pure and
+patriotic statesman:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Administration has placed itself high in the great work of
+<i>pacifying the country</i>, and they received the meed of
+approbation from political friends and political foes. <i>I
+partake of the same sentiment.</i> I do them justice. But I am a
+Democrat, and, God willing, I mean to die one. This is a Whig
+administration, but there is no reason I should not do them
+justice; and I do it with pleasure, in this great matter of
+<i>the salvation of this country</i>&mdash;if I may say so. I have done
+so; shall continue to do so, whatever sneers their papers may
+contain; for I do it not for their sake, but <i>for the sake of
+their country</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>Democratic Review</i>&mdash;the highest Democratic authority in the United
+States&mdash;for December, 1855, commenting upon the Compromise Measures of
+1850, thus spoke of Mr. Fillmore, in a moment of candor, long before Mr.
+Fillmore was nominated by the American party for the Presidency:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Momentous events were transpiring. The agitation of the
+question of slavery was paramount in the public mind. In this
+crisis, it was well that so reliable a man as Mr. Fillmore was
+found in the Presidential chair. The safety and perpetuity of
+the Union were threatened. Already had fanaticism<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> raised its
+hydra-head. Schemes and 'isms' leaped from a thousand
+ambuscades. The enemies of the Union started forth on every
+side&mdash;Abolitionism here; secessionism there; acquisition and
+filibusterism elsewhere. These were the formidable elements of
+misrule with which the Executive had to cope. How well he met,
+and how entirely he for the time overcame these enemies of the
+peace of the republic, we leave the historian to relate; but
+our retrospect would be incomplete and disingenuous, did we not
+accord the meed of praise justly due to high moral excellence
+and intellectual and administrative honesty and talent, as
+developed in the administration of Mr. Fillmore."</p></div>
+
+<p>Since the foregoing was prepared for the press, Mr. Fillmore's letter of
+acceptance has come to hand, greatly to the annoyance of the Democratic
+and anti-American fuglemen and politicians. We congratulate the country
+upon the patriotic, national, and <i>truly American</i> spirit which pervades
+this chaste and well-written document. It is just what we expected from
+<i>one of the very first men in the Nation</i>. His reference to his past
+course as a guaranty for the future is well-timed. <i>Sectional</i>
+legislation he is opposed to; and sectional agitation he will use his
+influence to suppress. We ask every man into whose hands this work shall
+fall, to read this admirable letter for himself: it is worthy of the man
+and the times; nay, it is the letter of a patriot and a statesman&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Who for his country feels alone,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And loves her weal, beyond his own."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>[COPY.]</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, Feb. 26th, 1856.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><i>To the Hon. Millard Fillmore</i>:</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;The National Convention of the American party, which has
+just closed its session in this city, has unanimously chosen
+you as the candidate for the Presidency of the United States in
+the election to be held in November next. It has associated
+with you Andrew Jackson Donelson, Esq., of Tennessee, as the
+candidate for the Vice-Presidency.</p>
+
+<p>The Convention has charged the undersigned with the agreeable
+duty of communicating these proceedings to you, and of asking
+your acceptance of a nomination which will receive not only the
+cordial support of the great national party in whose name it is
+made, but the approbation also of large numbers of other
+enlightened friends of the Constitution and the Union, who will
+rejoice in the opportunity to testify their grateful
+appreciation of your faithful service in the past, and their
+confidence in your experience and integrity for the guidance of
+the future.</p>
+
+<p>The undersigned take advantage of this occasion to tender to
+you the expression of their own gratification in the
+proceedings of the Convention, and to assure you of the high
+consideration with which they are yours, &amp;c.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Alexander H. H. Stuart</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Andrew Stewart</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Erastus Brooks</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">E. B. Bartlett</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Wm. J. Eames</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Ephraim Marsh</span>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date"><i>Committee, &amp;c.</i></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Paris</span>, May 21st, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>:&mdash;I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
+letter informing me that the National Convention of the
+American party, which had just closed its session at
+Philadelphia, had unanimously presented my name for the
+Presidency of the United States, and associated with it that of
+Andrew Jackson Donelson for the Vice-Presidency. This
+unexpected communication met me at Venice on my return from
+Italy, and the duplicate, mailed thirteen days later, was
+received on my arrival in this city last evening. This must
+account for my apparent neglect in giving a more prompt reply.</p>
+
+<p>You will pardon me for saying that when my administration
+closed in 1853, I considered my political life as a public man
+at an end, and thenceforth I was only anxious to discharge my
+duty as a private citizen. Hence I have taken no active part in
+politics. But I have by no means been an indifferent spectator
+of passing events; nor have I hesitated to express my opinion
+on all political subjects when asked; nor to give my vote and
+private influence for those men and measures I thought best
+calculated to promote the prosperity and glory of our common
+country. Beyond this I deemed it improper for me to interfere.
+But this unsolicited and unexpected nomination has imposed upon
+me a new duty, from which I cannot shrink; and therefore,
+approving, as I do, of the general objects of the party which
+has honored me with its confidence, I cheerfully accept its
+nomination, without waiting to inquire of its prospects of
+success or defeat. It is sufficient for me to know that by so
+doing I yield to the wishes of a large portion of my
+fellow-citizens in every part of the Union, who, like myself,
+are sincerely anxious to see the administration of our
+government restored to that original simplicity and purity
+which marked the first years of its existence; and, if
+possible, to quiet that alarming sectional agitation, which,
+while it delights the Monarchists of Europe, causes every true
+friend of our own country to mourn.</p>
+
+<p>Having the experience of past service in the administration of
+the Government, I may be permitted to refer to that as the
+exponent of the future, and to say, should the choice of the
+Convention be sanctioned by the people, I shall, with the same
+scrupulous regard for the rights of every section of the Union
+which then influenced my conduct, endeavor to perform every
+duty confided by the Constitution and laws to the Executive.</p>
+
+<p>As the proceedings of this Convention have marked a new era in
+the history of the country, by bringing a new political
+organization into the approaching Presidential canvass, I take
+the occasion to reaffirm my full confidence in the patriotic
+purposes of that organization, which I regard as springing out
+of a public necessity, forced upon the country, to a large
+extent, by unfortunate sectional divisions, and the dangerous
+tendency of those divisions towards disunion. It alone, in my
+opinion, of all the political agencies now existing, is
+possessed of the power to silence this violent and disastrous
+agitation, and to restore harmony by its own example of
+moderation and forbearance. It has a claim, therefore, in my
+judgment, upon every earnest friend of the integrity of the
+Union.</p>
+
+<p>So estimating this party, both in its present position and
+future destiny, I freely adopt its great leading principles as
+announced in the recent declaration of the National Council at
+Philadelphia, a copy of which you were so kind as to enclose
+me, holding them to be just and liberal to every true interest
+of the country, and wisely adapted to the establishment and
+support of an enlightened, safe, and effective American policy,
+in full accord with the ideas and the hopes of the fathers of
+our Republic.</p>
+
+<p>I expect shortly to sail for America; and, with the blessings
+of Divine Providence, hope soon to tread my native soil. My
+opportunity of comparing my own country and the condition of
+its people with those of Europe, has only served to increase my
+admiration and love for our own blessed land of liberty,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> and I
+shall return to it without even a desire ever to cross the
+Atlantic again.</p>
+
+<p>I beg of you, gentlemen, to accept my thanks for the very
+flattering manner in which you have been pleased to communicate
+the results of the action of that enlightened and patriotic
+body of men who composed the late Convention, and to be assured
+that</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">I am, with profound respect and esteem,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">Your friend and fellow-citizen,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">MILLARD FILLMORE.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Messrs. Alex. H. H. Stuart, Andrew Stewart, Erastus Brooks, E.
+B. Bartlett, Wm. J. Eames, Ephraim Marsh, <i>Committee</i>.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>WHO IS ANDREW J. DONELSON?</h2>
+
+
+<p>This gentleman being now the nominee of the American party for the
+office of Vice-President, naturally attracts much of public attention;
+and as a matter to be looked for, and not at all to be regretted, draws
+down upon him great abuse and slander from the hireling editors of the
+corrupt party opposing him. We will let a neighbor of Major Donelson,
+who has had access to his papers, and who has prepared and published in
+the <i>Nashville Banner</i> a sketch of his life, answer the question
+propounded at the head of this chapter:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Mr. Donelson</span> is the second son of Samuel Donelson, deceased,
+who was the brother of the late Mrs. Jackson. His eldest
+brother died in 1817, soon after the Creek War, in which he
+participated as a soldier under General Jackson. His death was
+announced to Mr. Donelson by General Jackson in the following
+terms: 'Whilst we regret his loss, he has left us the endearing
+recollection that there was not a stain upon his character. He
+has performed his duty here below, and has taken his flight to
+realms above, as unspotted as an angel. What a lesson he has
+given us! How delightful to dwell upon the idea that he has
+walked in the paths of virtue during his whole life, without a
+blemish on his character, and that all his friends may recount
+his acts with pride and pleasure!' The younger brother is still
+living in the paternal mansion, and was a member of the last
+Legislature of Tennessee. The mother of these children
+afterwards married Mr. James Sanders, of Sumner county,
+Tennessee, and is still enjoying good health. She is the only
+daughter of Gen. Daniel Smith, who was one of the surveyors of
+the line between Virginia and North Carolina, and succeeded
+Gen. Jackson in the Senate of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>"General Smith had an important agency in shaping the early
+history of Tennessee&mdash;having represented a portion of the
+people in the North Carolina Legislature, and in the Convention
+which ratified the Constitution of the United States. He was
+also Secretary of the Territory, and a member of the Convention
+of 1796. He was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to
+Tennessee soon after he had surveyed the line between that
+State and North Carolina, having, while in the execution of
+that service, seen the fine lands in Middle Tennessee. He
+settled the lands upon which his grandson, Henry Smith, now
+resides; and built the mansion, which is still there, at a
+period when the men engaged in quarrying the rock had to be
+guarded from the attacks of the Indians.</p>
+
+<p>"The father of Samuel Donelson, Col. John Donelson, was also a
+native of Virginia, and at onetime a Representative of one of
+her oldest counties, Pittsylvania, in the House of Burgesses.
+He possessed in an eminent degree the respect of the Provincial
+Governor of that Commonwealth, from whom he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> received the
+appointment of Indian Commissioner about the year 1770; and it
+is to his bold and enterprising spirit that we are in a great
+measure indebted for the Indian Treaties which extended the
+settlements of Virginia through Kentucky to the Ohio river. He
+left Port Patrick Henry in 1779, descending the Tennessee river
+with all his family, in boats built on the Holston, and came up
+the Cumberland in those boats as high as the Clover Bottom,
+encountering incredible toils and dangers. Three years
+afterwards, in 1793, in conjunction with Col. Martin, he
+concluded an Indian Treaty, by which the settlements on the
+Cumberland river were greatly benefited; but he had, previously
+to his departure from Virginia, under a contract with Georgia,
+explored the country, and run the line between that State and
+North Carolina, as far west as the Mississippi river. After
+settling his family near the present site of the Hermitage, he
+was killed by the Indians, on a journey to Kentucky, near the
+Big Barren River, at the advanced age of 75.</p>
+
+<p>"Samuel Donelson was a lawyer by profession, and the intimate
+friend and associate of Gen. Jackson, after whom he named his
+son Andrew, who was born on the 25th of August, 1800. On the
+second marriage of his mother, this son was taken into the
+family of the General, who became his guardian and patron; and
+he remained the most of his time with him until he was prepared
+to enter the Cumberland College. After finishing his studies at
+this school, Gen. Jackson obtained for him a Cadet's warrant,
+which enabled him to enter the Military Academy at West Point,
+in 1816. He was one of the first class which was graduated
+under the superintendence of Col. Thayer&mdash;finishing the course
+of studies in three, instead of four years; as is customary.
+Throughout his service at West Point, he was distinguished for
+his proficiency in mathematics, and for the facility with which
+he mastered all the studies which appertain to military
+science. No higher proof need be adduced of this fact, than the
+position assigned to him by the Board of Examiners and
+Visitors, when he graduated. He was placed No. 2, in a class of
+great merit, notwithstanding he had the studies of two years to
+pass through in one year, and was recommended to the Department
+of War for a commission in the Engineer Corps&mdash;a compliment
+accorded only to the most distinguished of the class.</p>
+
+<p>"After obtaining his commission, Mr. Donelson was ordered to
+the Western frontier to build a fort; but before he reached
+this destination, the War Department, on the application of
+Gen. Jackson, allowed him to accept the appointment of
+Aide-de-camp in the staff of the General. In this capacity he
+attended the General when he took possession of the Floridas,
+and remained with him until the latter resigned his commission
+in the army.</p>
+
+<p>"At this period, Mr. Donelson seeing no prospect for rapid
+promotion in the corps of Engineers, and sharing the conviction
+then so prevalent in the army, that the conclusion of the war
+with England had shut the door for a long time to come against
+those military enterprises which are so tempting to the officer
+and soldier, and feeling also that he could be more useful in
+the pursuits of civil life, turned his attention to the study
+of law. He accordingly resigned his commission; and after
+attending the course of law lectures in the Transylvania
+University, then under the presidency of Dr. Holly, he received
+his license, and appeared at the Nashville bar in 1823, having
+formed a partnership with Mr. Duncan. Circumstances, however,
+soon occurred, which withdrew him in a great degree from the
+practice. General Jackson was again in the field as a candidate
+for the Presidency, and needed the services of a confidential
+friend to aid him in repelling the bitter assaults which were
+made upon his character and services. Animated by a deep sense
+of gratitude, no duty could be more pleasing to Mr. Donelson
+than that of contributing his labor to advance the great
+popular movement which aimed, by the elevation of his
+benefactor and friend, to promote the highest interests of the
+country. He therefore cheerfully entered again into the
+General's family, and travelled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span> with him to Washington City
+after the elections in 1824. Those elections devolved the
+choice of President upon the House of Representatives. Mr.
+Adams was the successful candidate, although Gen. Jackson had a
+much larger popular vote, and was evidently the favorite of the
+people.</p>
+
+<p>"As is well known to the country, the result of that election
+gave increased force to the sentiment which had placed Gen.
+Jackson in nomination. The efforts of his friends throughout
+the Union became more active, and were never abated until the
+decision of the House of Representatives in 1824 was reversed,
+and Gen. Jackson placed in the Presidential chair. During these
+four years, Mr. Donelson, who had married in 1824, settled upon
+his plantation adjoining the Hermitage, and continued there to
+promote the cause he had espoused so warmly in the beginning.</p>
+
+<p>"When the elections of 1828 were over, Gen. Jackson insisted
+upon the acceptance by Mr. Donelson of the post of private
+Secretary. Mr. D. accordingly set out with him in the winter of
+1828 for the city of Washington, taking with him his wife, whom
+he had married in 1824. This lady was the youngest daughter of
+Capt. John Donelson, and was invited by Gen. Jackson to do the
+honors of the White House&mdash;a position which she held throughout
+the greater portion of his Presidency.</p>
+
+<p>"It was in this capacity that Mr. Donelson endeared himself
+still more than ever to the Hero of the Hermitage. He spent the
+prime of his life, from 1828 to 1836, in his service, and he
+felt himself amply rewarded by the knowledge he thus acquired
+of public men and measures.</p>
+
+<p>"At the close of Gen. Jackson's Presidency, Mr. Donelson
+declined to take office under Mr. Van Buren, being anxious for
+a respite from public affairs, and to enjoy the pleasures of
+his farm; upon which he remained until he was called
+unexpectedly to take a part in the negotiation which brought
+Texas into our Union. It was upon this theatre that he
+displayed the judgment and tact which brought him prominently
+before the country as a man that understood the public
+interests, and knew how to take care of them.</p>
+
+<p>"The commission appointing Mr. Donelson Minister to Texas is
+dated the 16th of September, 1844. Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary
+of State, in the letter enclosing the commission, says:</p>
+
+<p>"'The state of things in Texas is such as to require that the
+place (Charge d'Affaires) should be filled without delay, and
+to select him who, under all circumstances, may be thought best
+calculated to bring to a successful decision the great question
+of annexation pending before the two countries. After full
+deliberation, you have been selected as that individual; and I
+do trust, my dear sir, that you will not decline the
+appointment, however great may be the personal sacrifice of
+accepting. That great question must be decided in the next
+three or four months; and whether it shall be favorable or not,
+will depend on him who shall fill the mission now tendered you.
+I need not tell you how much depends on its decision for weal
+or woe to our country, and perhaps the whole continent. It is
+sufficient to say that, viewed in all its consequences, it is
+one of the first magnitude; and that it gives an importance to
+the mission at this time, that raises it to the level with the
+highest in the gift of the Government.</p>
+
+<p>"Assuming, therefore, that you will not decline the
+appointment, unless some insuperable difficulty should
+interpose, and in order to avoid delay, a commission is
+herewith transmitted, without the formality of waiting your
+acceptance, with all the necessary papers.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>President Polk, after this, confided an important and most critical
+foreign negotiation to Major Donelson; and his estimate of the prudence,
+discretion, and ability with which Major Donelson discharged his trust,
+appears from a letter to Major D. from the Hon.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> John Y. Mason,
+President Polk's Secretary of War, dated August 7th, 1845. From that
+letter, complimentary from beginning to end, we copy only this portion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The services which you have rendered your country in the
+delicate negotiations intrusted to you, are justly appreciated.
+<i>Your prudence, discretion, and ability have inspired the
+President with a confidence which would make him feel much more
+at ease if that delicate task could be in your hands.</i></p>
+
+<p>"It gives me great pleasure to assure you that <i>the publication
+of your official correspondence will give you a most enviable
+reputation for the highest qualities of a statesman and
+diplomatist</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"The President unites in the kindest regards, with your friend,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"J. Y. MASON."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">President Pierce's</span> opinion of Major Donelson may be learned from the
+following letter, written by him to the Major when the latter was the
+editor of the <i>Washington Union</i>, the National Organ of the Democratic
+party:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Concord</span>, May 30, 1851.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Sir</span>: I rejoice that the leading organ of our party is
+now under your control, and regard the change as most
+auspicious at this juncture. There is a great battle before
+us&mdash;a battle for the Union&mdash;a battle for the ascendency of the
+principles, the maintenance of which so nobly signalized the
+administration of General Jackson. <span class="smcap">The tone, vigor, and
+statesmanlike grasp</span> <i>which you have brought to the columns of
+the Union are not merely important, they are</i> <span class="smcap">absolutely
+indispensable</span> <i>in this crisis</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"With great respect, your friend and servant,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"FRANK. PIERCE."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The following article is from the <i>Nashville Union</i>, of October 15,
+1844, the Tennessee Organ of Democracy, published within a few miles of
+where Major Donelson lives, and has passed most of his life. This
+article shows what opinion was entertained of him before he became a
+<i>Know-Nothing</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The diplomatic agency of this government in Texas is, at this
+moment, the most important mission abroad; although it ranks
+with those of the second class, its high and important duties
+require the talents of one every way qualified for the first
+foreign mission on the globe.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>We congratulate the administration on having been able to
+secure the services of one so eminently qualified in all
+respects for the station, whose thorough knowledge of the
+relations subsisting between the two countries, and whose
+intimate acquaintance with the prominent statesmen of this and
+that government, will place him in the enjoyment of advantages
+which cannot fail to secure to us the most desirable results.</i></p>
+
+<p>"Major Donelson leaves his plantation near the Hermitage
+to-day&mdash;proceeding overland to the Mississippi river on his way
+to the Texan Capital&mdash;and we cannot but participate in the
+painful emotions with which the word 'farewell' will be
+exchanged between himself and his venerable patron, friend, and
+relative, 'The Sage of the Hermitage.'</p>
+
+<p>"In view of the advanced age of General Jackson, it is more
+than probable that they may never meet again. A relationship
+next to that of father and son, if, indeed, it be not equally
+near and dear, will be severed perhaps for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> ever. And we feel
+assured that nothing short of a sense of <span class="smcap">duty to his country</span>
+could have induced an acceptance of the mission. Nor, for this
+patriotic reason, would the aged veteran advise him to decline
+it.</p>
+
+<p>"Major D. leaves a host of good and true friends, who will
+continue to have an abiding solicitude for his health and
+happiness, and for his early and complete success in 'extending
+the area of freedom.'"</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State under Gen. Taylor, wrote to Major
+Donelson, announcing the expiration of the diplomatic relations between
+the United States and Germany, (where the Major was stationed,) and
+closed with the following complimentary expressions:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"I am directed by the President to express to you his entire
+approbation of your conduct, and I cannot take leave of you in
+your public character without adding my testimony to that of
+the President to the ability and faithfulness with which you
+have discharged the arduous and delicate duties which your
+mission imposed upon you.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"JOHN M. CLAYTON."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The Democratic party having always boasted that Gen. Jackson was
+unsurpassed in his keen and unerring insight into the characters of men,
+we must be permitted to call their attention to a clause in the <i>Last
+Will and Testament</i> of Gen. Jackson, as recorded in the county of
+Davidson. This clause sets forth the estimate placed upon Mr. Donelson
+by the old General, after this fashion:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Hermitage</span>, June 7, 1843.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>... "I bequeath to my well-beloved nephew, Andrew J. Donelson,
+son of Samuel Donelson, deceased, the elegant sword presented
+to me by the State of Tennessee, with this injunction, that he
+fail not to use it when necessary in support and protection of
+our glorious Union, and for the protection of the
+constitutional rights of our beloved country, should they be
+assailed by foreign enemies or <i>domestic traitors</i>. This, from
+the great change in my worldly affairs of late, is, with my
+blessing, all that I can bequeath him, doing justice to those
+creditors to whom I am responsible. This bequest is made as a
+memento of the high regard, affection, and esteem I bear for
+him as a <i>high-minded, honest, and honorable man</i>."</p></div>
+
+<p>And now, to show that Gen. Jackson had not changed his opinion of the
+Major, we give about the last epistle he ever wrote to him, as it bears
+date but a few days previous to his death:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Hermitage</span>, May 24, 1845.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">My Dear Andrew</span>: I received last night your affectionate letter
+of the 15th inst., with the enclosed for your dear Elizabeth,
+which I sent forthwith, and your kind letter of the 13th this
+morning. Your family were here yesterday. All well, but looking
+out for you hourly. I assured Elizabeth that you could not
+leave your mission before the Texan Congress acted upon the
+subject with which you were charged. I shall admonish her to be
+patient and await your return, which will be the moment your
+honor and duty will permit.</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>"My dear Andrew:&mdash;What may be my fate God only knows. I am
+greatly afflicted&mdash;suffer much, and it will be almost a miracle
+if I shall survive my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> present attack. I am swollen from the
+toes to the crown of the head, and in bandages to my hips.</p>
+
+<p>"How far my God may think proper to bear me up under my weight
+of afflictions, he only knows. But, my dear Major, live or die,
+you have my blessing and prayers for your welfare and happiness
+in this world, and that we may meet in a blissful immortality.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"Your affectionate uncle,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"ANDREW JACKSON."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>While editor of the <i>Washington Union</i>, Major Donelson frankly admitted,
+in his account of the election in Tennessee, between Gov. Campbell and
+Gen. Trousdale, that the latter owed his defeat to his opposition to the
+Compromise measures, and his sympathies with the Disunionists. In the
+<i>Hartford</i> Convention held in Nashville, the Major appeared in person,
+and denounced the whole concern as a blow at the Union, and its prime
+movers and advocates as <i>traitors to their country and to the
+Constitution</i>. These <i>Secession</i> Democrats, headed by A. V. Brown,
+Eastman &amp; Co., are uncompromising in their hatred of the Major, and they
+never will forgive him, while he remains true to the Union of these
+States, and the Constitution as it is, which will be to the latest hour
+of his earthly existence! Had he never opposed the <i>treasonable</i> designs
+of the Nashville Convention&mdash;and had he not advocated the doctrines of
+the American party, these same men would now be loud in his praise, as
+the relative, the political student, and the <i>successor</i> of the Sage of
+the Hermitage!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span></p>
+<h4>[From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.]</h4>
+
+<h2>BUCHANAN NOMINATED AT CINCINNATI.&mdash;DISPERSION OF FALSTAFF'S ARMY!</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Cincinnati Anti-American, Anti-Protestant, Foreign Catholic,
+Locofoco Pow Wow, has met&mdash;transacted its appropriate
+business&mdash;nominated old Federal James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, for the
+Presidency, and Robert C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for the Vice
+Presidency&mdash;and dispersed: dealing largely in the old game of <i>brag</i>, as
+to the <i>nationality</i>, <i>soundness</i>, and <i>ability</i> of their ticket; when
+it is notorious, that they have at the head of their ticket one of the
+most vulnerable men in the nation; an old political hack, who has been
+"every thing by turns and nothing long;" advocating and opposing all the
+leading measures which have agitated the country for the last forty
+years, as we shall show in the sequel!</p>
+
+<p>They had an awful time at Cincinnati! They organized by calling to the
+chair, temporarily, the notorious <i>Sam'l. Medary</i>, the Abolition editor
+of the Ohio Statesman. Either the anti-slavery forces were in the
+majority, or the "odds and ends" of all parties represented in the
+Convention desired to conciliate the Abolition and Black Republican
+wings of their <i>Foreign Corporation</i>!</p>
+
+<p>The Missouri Delegation were refused their seats, and they openly
+rebelled, forcing their way into the Convention with <i>clubs</i>, knocking
+down and cruelly mangling the head and shoulders of the poor doorkeeper!
+From this, it would seem that they were doing business with <i>closed
+doors</i>! Wonder if they had a <i>password</i>! Had they "signs and grips,"
+other than those by which they made themselves known to the
+<i>doorkeeper</i>?</p>
+
+<p>Did they carry with them "dark-lanterns?" Not they&mdash;they are opposed to
+all <i>secrecy</i>&mdash;they are opposed to all disorderly conduct&mdash;they are the
+"harmonious Democracy," and labor alone for the good of the country, and
+of posterity! What a farce their Cincinnati Convention was! And what
+hypocrites they are!</p>
+
+<p>But two full sets of Delegates appeared from New York, and claimed their
+seats; these were <i>Hards</i> and <i>Softs</i>&mdash;Pierce and
+<i>anti</i>-Pierce&mdash;Nebraska and <i>anti</i>-Nebraska&mdash;pro-Slavery and
+<i>anti</i>-Slavery,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> <i>Filibustering Foreign Catholic Democrats</i>! Being
+unable to agree among themselves, and the Convention not wishing to
+<i>offend</i> either of these wings of the "great Harmonious Democratic
+Party," they rejected both delegations! This was having a bad effect, as
+a portion of each delegation was out of doors cursing the majority, and
+making threats as to what they would do. So the Convention reconsidered
+their cases, and ADMITTED BOTH DELEGATIONS TO SEATS. They then
+progressed "harmoniously," much after the style of a rickety old cart on
+a hill-side, drawn by a balky horse, whose driver curses him when at
+fault, and curses him when faultless.</p>
+
+<p>Frequently the scenes of confusion and excitement were alike disgusting
+and alarming. The friends of Douglass, Pierce, and Buchanan, were alike
+bitter, and each disposed to ruin the party if they should fail to get
+their man nominated. The anti-slavery portion of the Convention were
+much incensed against the South for the "<i>lam-basting</i>" given to
+<i>Senator Sumner</i> by <i>Representative Brooks</i>, for words spoken in debate.
+One of Buchanan's men boasted that the assault of Brooks on Sumner had
+gained <i>twenty</i> votes for "Old Buck!" And others of the Buchanan wing,
+out of doors, were stating that they had reliable evidence that "Old
+Buck" did not approve the assault, while Pierce and Douglass did! We
+have no doubt that this sort of influence, added to Buchanan's <i>known
+hostility to slavery</i>, secured for him the nomination. And, as if
+desirous to atone for the sin against the South of nominating an old
+<i>Anti-Slavery Federalist</i>, they came into a Southern State, Kentucky,
+and selected a young and inexperienced politician, Mr. Robert C.
+Breckenridge, for the Vice Presidency. As Breckenridge is brave, and has
+challenged his man for a <i>duel</i>, they can now turn about and appeal to
+the Church-going folks to sustain their ticket <i>for what</i> they implored
+them to repudiate the Whig ticket in 1844! Besides, Breckenridge
+<i>approves</i> the basting of Sumner by Brooks, and this will <i>offset</i>
+Buchanan's opposition to that <i>Southern Democratic measure</i>!
+Breckenridge has another virtue, which aided in securing his nomination.
+Though the nephew of those <i>able Know-Nothing Presbyterian Preachers</i> of
+that State, he has the independence to come out in opposition to them,
+and the insulting claims set up by <i>Protestants generally</i>, and to
+advocate and defend the Roman Catholics.</p>
+
+<p>The "rich and racy" scenes that came off in the Convention, we will
+leave our several friends from Nashville, who were there as reporters in
+the Convention for the American papers, to set forth. With more truth
+than poetry, the "unterrified Democracy" convened at Cincinnati can say,
+"Our army swore terribly in Flanders!" And how could it have been
+otherwise? The Convention<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> was large&mdash;composed of several hundred
+delegates, drawn together from all sections of the country, East, West,
+North, and South&mdash;"held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder"&mdash;and representing every variety and shade of opinion known and
+held under the much abused but comprehensive name of Democracy! Nor was
+the moral and personal character of the Convention less mixed and
+many-colored than was its politics.</p>
+
+<p>In looking over the proceedings of this coalition and combination of
+Bogus Democrats, Foreign Pauper Advocates, and anti-Protestant lovers of
+Religious Liberty, we have looked in vain for the names of distinguished
+Tennesseeans, who ought to have been second best, to say the least of
+it, in the ballots for a nomination! It was that Aaron V. Brown, "the
+son of a now sainted father," was put in nomination for the office of
+Vice President, by a Mr. Brown, supposed to be his nephew; but making no
+run at all, he was taken off the track instantly&mdash;rubbed down and salted
+away!</p>
+
+<p>But Andrew Johnson, who was to have been nominated for the first office
+within the gift of the American people and no mistake, (!) was not even
+named, and some say he was not even thought of for the position. We had
+supposed that there existed among the leaders of the self-styled
+Democracy, a determination to doom to utter extinction the light that
+has guided the children of Political Reform in Tennessee, and throughout
+the known world, and now we know it! The opposers of intellectual
+emancipation, of "Jacob's Ladder Democracy," so superior to
+Christianity, have triumphed at Cincinnati, and trampled under foot,
+with impunity, the soul-stirring doctrine of "converging lines." The
+next steps with these "enemies of righteousness" will be the rack, the
+gibbet, and a second edition of the infernal inquisition! Will the
+friends of the "White Basis" Governor of Tennessee tamely surrender
+their dearest rights to these Cincinnati <i>crusaders</i>, without a single
+struggle? Will they allow the saddle of Federal domination to be quietly
+thrown on their backs? Ye Greene county delegates forbid it!</p>
+
+<p>But Johnson is doomed to an inglorious retirement from public life. He
+can console himself with the reflection, that rank only degrades&mdash;wealth
+only impoverishes&mdash;ornaments but disfigure him! The man who discovered
+that the Bogus Democracy of the nineteenth century leads fallen sinful
+man to the throne of God, needs no office to elevate him. These Johnson
+Democrats enjoy the pure religion of Democracy&mdash;a religion which enters
+the closet&mdash;pours forth its supplications in private, feeds the poor,
+clothes the naked&mdash;inflames not the prejudices of Protestant sects&mdash;is
+modest and unassuming in its demeanor&mdash;is charitable and kind to the
+persecuted and pious Catholics&mdash;bears with the infirmities of Foreign
+Paupers&mdash;is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> not ambitious and designing, seeking to accomplish vast
+schemes by doubtful means!</p>
+
+<p>While Old Federal Buck was nominated on the seventeenth ballot, after
+much excitement, wrangling and abuse, young Breckenridge, whose only
+merit is his having challenged the Hon. Francis B. Cutting, of New York,
+to fight a duel, two years ago, was nominated on the second ballot. The
+ballot for a candidate for the Vice Presidency resulted as follows:</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky,</td><td align='right'>55</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>John A. Quitman, of Mississippi,</td><td align='right'>59</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Linn Boyd, of Kentucky,</td><td align='right'>33</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama,</td><td align='right'>11</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>29</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia,</td><td align='right'>31</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Thomas J. Rusk, of Texas,</td><td align='right'>2</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wm. H. Polk, of Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>5</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. C. Dobbin, of North Carolina,</td><td align='right'>13</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p>A second ballot was entered into, when Hon. John C. Breckenridge, of
+Kentucky, was unanimously chosen.</p>
+
+<p>Tennessee, in voting for a Presidential candidate, voted SIX times for
+Pierce, and EIGHT times for Douglass, and never came over to old Federal
+Buck until they could do nothing for Pierce or Douglass. Buck seems to
+have been a fill for Tennessee! But now, the Tennessee Democracy say:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"With hounds and horn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">At rosy morn,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">We <i>Bucks</i> a hunting go!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>Well, we Americans will get after Old Buck's venison too, and between
+this and November next, many will be the steak we shall eat out of his
+old Federal carcass. It is venison worthy of the chase, for</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash;"Finer or fatter<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ne'er roamed in the forest,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Or smoked in a platter."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>So&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Hi, ho, Chevy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hark away, hark away, tantivy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Here rests the burthen of my song,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">This <i>time</i> a stag must die."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But Democracy have commenced their old game of brag, by puffing their
+ticket as a national and conservative ticket, the very thing they
+denied. Now let us look into the soundness and nationality of the HEAD
+of the ticket. We have before us a copy of a work published in 1839, by
+Robert Mayo, M. D., entitled,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> "Political Sketches of Eight Years in
+Washington, in four parts." This work has gone through various editions,
+having been published by Fielding Lucas, Jr., of Baltimore; Garret
+Anderson, of Washington; J. R. Smith, of Richmond; Carey, Hart &amp; Co., of
+Philadelphia, and by others in New York and Boston. On page 38 of this
+work, which Mr. Buchanan has never contradicted, he is reported to have
+denounced the visions, patronage, and corruptions of the Democratic
+Administrations, while he, Buchanan, was a member of the Old Federal
+Party.</p>
+
+<p>On page 6 of this work, in the preface, the author says, in speaking of
+Buchanan before he turned Democrat:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The declarations of some of these new disciples of Democracy
+in past times are striking enough. MR. BUCHANAN of
+PENNSYLVANIA, while he acted in his true character, DECLARED
+THAT IF HE HAD A DROP OF DEMOCRATIC BLOOD IN HIS VEINS, HE
+WOULD LET IT OUT! He put his royal declaration on paper, and it
+has risen up against him."</p></div>
+
+<p>A recent brief memoir of Mr. Buchanan, put forth in Pennsylvania, states
+that he was elected to the Legislature in 1815, where he distinguished
+himself by those exhibitions of intellect which gave promise of future
+eminence. The Lancaster <i>Register</i>, published in the immediate vicinity
+of Mr. Buchanan's residence, asks <i>by whom</i> was he elected? and thus
+supplies the record for 1815:</p>
+
+
+<h4>ASSEMBLY.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>For</td><td align='left'>JAMES BUCHANAN,</td><td align='left'>Federal</td><td align='left'>3051</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Molton O. Rogers,</td><td align='left'>Democrat</td><td align='left'>2502</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>The memoir sets forth that Mr. Buchanan was elected to Congress in 1820,
+and that he retained his position in that body for ten years,
+voluntarily retiring.</p>
+
+<p>The Lancaster <i>Register</i> inquires if he were elected as a <i>Democrat</i>,
+and answers the inquiry by the following historical facts:</p>
+
+<h4>Congress.</h4>
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1820&mdash;</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>4642</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Jacob Hibsman, Democrat</td><td align='left'>3666</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1822&mdash;</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>2153</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Jacob Hibsman, Democrat</td><td align='left'>1940</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1824&mdash;</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>3560</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Samuel Houston, Democrat</td><td align='left'>3046</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1826&mdash;</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Federal</td><td align='left'>2760</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>Dr. John McCamant, Democrat</td><td align='left'>2307</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>1828&mdash;</td><td align='left'>James Buchanan, Jackson</td><td align='left'>5203</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>William Hiester, Adams</td><td align='left'>3904</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>The Lancaster <i>Register</i> then pursues its criticism as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"On the 4th of July, 1815, Mr. Buchanan, when he was a
+candidate for Assembly on the <i>Federal ticket</i>, delivered 'an
+oration' in Lancaster, in which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> he showed his <i>love</i> of
+Federalism and <i>hatred</i> of Democracy, by attacking the
+Administration of James Madison. He said:</p>
+
+<p>"'Time will not allow me to enumerate all the other evils and
+wicked projects of the Democratic administration.'</p>
+
+<p>"And again, in the same oration, he said:</p>
+
+<p>"'What must be our opinion of an opposition whose passions were
+so dark and malignant as to be gratified in endeavoring to
+blast the character and imbitter the old age of Washington?
+After thus persecuting the saviour of his country, <i>how can the
+Democratic party dare to call themselves his disciples</i>?'"</p></div>
+
+<p>And who does not recollect, in Tennessee, with what force and effect
+JAMES C. JONES used to point out JAMES BUCHANAN as one of the <i>rank old
+Federalists</i> who had come over to the Democratic ranks, and was battling
+with <i>Col. Polk</i>, side by side, while he was consuming half his time in
+abuse of the Federal party? When the Democratic candidate for Congress
+in this District, JULIUS W. BLACKWELL, charged <i>Federalism</i> upon the
+Whig party, who does not recollect with what effect and spirit JOHN H.
+CROZIER ran over the list of ODIOUS OLD FEDERALISTS, then fighting under
+the Democratic flag, among them naming out JAMES BUCHANAN? And will not
+the files of the KNOXVILLE POST, edited by Capt. JAMES WILLIAMS, show
+how he held up JAMES BUCHANAN and others as an <i>old Federalist of the
+first water</i>?</p>
+
+<p>On the subject of <i>Slavery</i> the memoir is not definite, and the
+Lancaster Register comes to its aid by publishing the following
+proceedings of a public meeting held in that city on the 23d of
+November, 1819:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Whereas</span>, the people of this State, pursuing the maxims and
+animated by the beneficence of the great founder of
+Pennsylvania, first gave effect to the gradual abolition of
+slavery by a national act, which has not only rescued the
+unhappy and helpless African within their territory from the
+demoralizing influence of slavery, but ameliorating his state
+and condition throughout Europe and America; and whereas, it
+would illy comport with those humane and Christian efforts to
+be silent spectators when this great cause of humanity is about
+to be agitated in Congress, by fixing the destiny of the new
+domains of the United States: therefore,</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the representatives in Congress from this
+district be and they are hereby most earnestly requested to use
+their utmost endeavors, as members of the National Legislature,
+to prevent the existence of slavery in any of the Territories
+or new States which may be created by Congress.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, As the opinion of this meeting, that as the
+Legislature of this State will shortly be in session, it will
+be highly deserving of their wisdom and patriotism to take into
+their early and most serious consideration the propriety of
+instructing our representatives in the National Legislature to
+use the most zealous and strenuous exertions to inhibit the
+existence of slavery in any of the Territories or States which
+may hereafter be created by Congress; and that the members of
+Assembly from this county be requested to embrace the earliest
+opportunity of bringing this subject before both Houses of the
+Legislature.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That, in the opinion of this meeting, the members
+of Congress who at the last session sustained the cause of
+justice, humanity, and patriotism, in opposing the introduction
+of slavery into the State then endeavored to be formed out of
+the Missouri Territory, are entitled to the warmest thanks of
+every friend of humanity.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Resolved</i>, That the proceedings of this meeting be published
+in the newspapers in this city.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">James Hopkins</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">Wm. Jenkins</span>,</span><br />
+<span class="date">JAMES BUCHANAN."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The foregoing resolutions being read were unanimously adopted,
+after which the meeting adjourned. (Signed)</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">WALTER FRANKLIN, Ch'n.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Attest&mdash;<span class="smcap">Wm. Jenkins</span>, Sec'y."</p></div>
+
+<p>The "Perry County Democratic Press," for April 9th, 1856, an able paper
+published at Bloomfield in Pennsylvania, shows up the <i>Federal
+anti-slavery, anti-Democratic, turn-coat character</i> of Mr. Buchanan,
+after this fashion:</p>
+
+<h4>
+     JAMES BUCHANAN'S SOMERSETS.
+</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"No man in the United States has turned his political coat as
+often as James Buchanan. He has espoused the principles of
+every party that has had an existence since the memorable
+Hartford Convention, and has been on all sides of political
+questions.</p>
+
+<p>"A brief reference to his history will establish conclusively
+our assertions."</p>
+
+
+<h4>HIS FEDERALISM.</h4>
+
+<p>"He entered political life in 1814 as a rank Federalist, and by
+the Federal party he was elected to the Legislature of the
+State. He was re-elected in 1815, defeating Molton C. Rogers,
+the Democratic candidate, and afterwards one of the Supreme
+Judges of the State.</p>
+
+<p>"In 1820, he was the Federal candidate for Congress, and was
+elected over Jacob Hibsman, the Democratic candidate, by 976
+majority. In 1822, he was re&euml;lected over the same man by 813
+majority. In 1824, he was the Federal candidate for Congress,
+and elected over Samuel Houston, the Democratic candidate, by
+519 votes. In 1826, he was re-elected over Dr. John McCamant,
+the Democratic candidate, by 453 votes. His majorities were
+becoming less each time, and in order to satisfy his Federal
+friends of his fidelity to the party, he had to declare that
+'if he had a drop of Democratic blood in his veins, he would
+open them and let it out.'"</p>
+
+
+<h4>HE BECOMES A DEMOCRAT.</h4>
+
+<p>"Two years after this, he changed his coat and became a
+full-blooded Democrat, and ran for Congress as the Democratic
+candidate, and was elected by virtue of General Jackson's
+popularity. He was afraid to run a second term, and he
+declined."</p>
+
+
+<h4>HIS TEN CENT SPEECH.</h4>
+
+<p>"In 1843, in the United States Senate, he made a speech
+advocating the principle that ten cents is a sufficient
+compensation for a day's labor. Hence he is called 'Ten Cent
+Jimmy.'</p>
+
+<p>"In 1845, he became Secretary of State under Polk's
+administration, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> consented to give away about half of the
+Territory of Oregon to the British government, after he had
+proven that they had not a spark of title to it.</p>
+
+<p>"He extolled the Federal administration of John Adams, and
+endorsed the abominable Alien and Sedition laws of the Federal
+reign of terror. He bitterly denounced the administration of
+that pure Democrat, James Madison, and ridiculed what he termed
+the follies of Thomas Jefferson."</p>
+
+
+<h4>HIS SLAVERY SOMERSETS.</h4>
+
+<p>"In 1819, at a meeting in Lancaster, he reported resolutions
+favoring resistance to the extension of slavery and the
+admission of the State of Missouri as a slave State.</p>
+
+<p>"In 1847, he wrote to the Democracy of Berks county, saying
+that the Missouri Compromise had given peace to the country,
+and that instead of repealing it he was in favor of its
+extension and maintenance.</p>
+
+<p>"In 1850, in a letter to Col. Forney, he rejoiced over the
+settlement of the slavery agitation by the passage of the
+compromise measures during Fillmore's administration, and hoped
+that before a dissolution of the Union he might be gathered to
+his fathers, and never be permitted to witness the sad
+catastrophe.</p>
+
+<p>"In 1852, he wrote to Mr. Leake, of Virginia, concerning
+Fillmore's compromise measures of 1850, which had been passed
+by Congress, and said, 'that the volcano has been extinguished,
+and the man who would apply the firebrand to the combustible
+materials still remaining, will produce an eruption that will
+overwhelm the Constitution and the Union."</p>
+
+
+<h4>BUCHANAN'S LAST SOMERSET.</h4>
+
+<p>"On the 28th of December, 1855, about three months ago, Mr.
+Buchanan, in a letter to John Slidell, of Louisiana, says: 'The
+Missouri Compromise is gone, and gone for ever. It has
+departed. The time for it has passed away, and the best, nay,
+the only mode now left of <i>putting down</i> the fanatical and
+reckless spirit of the North is to adhere to the existing
+settlement without the slightest thought or appearance of
+wavering, and without regarding any storm which may be raised
+against it."</p></div>
+
+<p>Here, then, is an authentic record&mdash;if the reader please, a GILT-FRAME
+PENNSYLVANIA LOOKING-GLASS, in which the Democracy of the South who
+admire the nominee of the late Cincinnati Convention can <i>see him as he
+is</i>! Heretofore, to use the language of Holy Writ, they have seen him
+"through a glass darkly, but now face to face." Here they see him
+standing erect upon the floor of the United States Senate, in all the
+pride of that <i>aristocracy</i> which has characterized his course in life,
+and giving vent to the old and bitter feelings of the <i>royalists</i> in
+Pennsylvania, by advocating the <i>oppressive British doctrine</i>, that TEN
+CENTS PER DAY <i>is enough for a poor white man as a day-laborer</i>! And
+here, too, our hard-fisted working-men, North and South, can see what
+sort of a man the Democracy are asking them to vote for for the
+Presidency!</p>
+
+<p>In his Fourth of July oration in 1815, delivered in the hearing of an
+immense crowd, and afterwards published in all the leading papers of
+Pennsylvania, Mr. Buchanan came out as a <i>Know-Nothing</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> which he has
+now to repudiate in stepping upon the <i>Anti-American Catholic Platform</i>
+prepared for him at Cincinnati! Here is what he said in that celebrated
+oration:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The greater part of those foreigners who would not be thus
+affected by it, have long been the warmest friends of the
+party. They had been <i>one of the great means of elevating the
+present ruling</i> (Democratic) party, and it would have been
+ungrateful for that party to have abandoned them. To secure
+this foreign feeling has been the labor of their leaders for
+more than twenty years, and well have they been paid for their
+trouble, for it has been one of the principal causes of
+introducing and continuing them in power. Immediately before
+the war this foreign influence had completely embodied itself
+with the majority, particularly in the West, and its voice was
+heard so loud at the seat of government, that President Madison
+was obliged either to yield to its dictates or retire from
+office. The choice was easily made by a man who preferred his
+private interests to the public good, and therefore hurried us
+into a war for which we were utterly unprepared."</p></div>
+
+<p>And then again:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"We ought to use every honest exertion to turn out of power
+those weak and wicked men whose wild and visionary theories
+have been tested and found wanting. Above all, we ought to
+drive from our shores foreign influence, and cherish American
+feeling. Foreign influence has been in every age the curse of
+republics&mdash;its jaundiced eye sees every thing in false
+colors&mdash;the thick atmosphere of prejudice by which it is ever
+surrounded, excluding from its sight the light of reason. Let
+us then learn wisdom from experience, and for ever banish this
+fiend from our country."</p></div>
+
+<p>And here is what JACKSON thought of BUCHANAN. The Democratic Washington
+correspondent of the New York Evening Post, who was favorable to the
+nomination of Pierce, makes this statement&mdash;a statement we have often
+heard before, and never heard contradicted:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"On the night before leaving Nashville to occupy the White
+House, Mr. Polk, in company with Gen. Robert Armstrong, called
+at the Hermitage to procure some advice from the old hero as to
+the selection of his cabinet. Jackson strongly urged the
+President-elect to give no place in it to Buchanan, as he could
+not be relied upon. It so happened that Polk had already
+determined to make that very appointment, having probably
+offered the situation to the statesman of Pennsylvania. This
+fact induced Gen. Armstrong subsequently to tell Jackson that
+he had given Polk a rather hard rub, as Buchanan had already
+been selected for Secretary of State. 'I can't help it,' said
+the old man: 'I felt it my duty to warn him against Mr.
+Buchanan, whether it was agreeable or not. Mr. Polk will find
+Buchanan an unreliable man. I know him well, and Mr. Polk will
+yet admit the correctness of my prediction.'</p>
+
+<p>"It was the last visit ever made by Mr. Polk to the old hero
+when this unavailing remonstrance was delivered, but the new
+President, long before the end of his administration, had
+reason to acknowledge its propriety and justice, and in the
+diary kept by him during that period may still be read a most
+emphatic declaration of his distrust of Mr. Buchanan. Every one
+is aware of two marked instances in which, as Secretary of
+State, the latter failed to support the policy of the
+administration, viz., on the question of the tariff of 1846,
+and the requisition of the ten regiments voted by Congress for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>
+the Mexican war. On both of these measures he was known to be
+opposed to the wishes of Mr. Polk."</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Mr. Charles Irving</i>, the Democratic editor of the Lynchburg Republican,
+and a delegate at Richmond in the State Convention, thus disposes of Mr.
+Buchanan in a long and able letter, dated May 7th, 1856:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"If silence during the battle constitutes a claim for office,
+how can the South expect Northern statesmen to uphold her
+banner, when abolitionists are seeking to tear it to tatters?
+If an ability to get free-soil votes makes a candidate
+available, and that species of availability is recognized as a
+merit at the South, Northern statesmen should court
+free-soilers, and not struggle with them, if they wish to be
+Presidents. Such availability may be very desirable to those
+who wish success alone, but those who look to the interests of
+the country may well be excused if they prefer a different
+standard. I certainly <i>prefer</i> that the South shall PREFER the
+selection, not only of a sound man, but that she shall vote for
+the nomination of no man upon any such ground of availability.
+The coming election must settle the slavery agitation. I do not
+wish a single free-soiler to vote the Democratic ticket, nor
+will I willingly afford them the slightest excuse for so doing.
+A prominent North-West Democrat told me to-day, that the
+nomination of Mr. Buchanan would enable Trumbull, Wentworth,
+and other free-soilers to come back into the party. I am not
+anxious to get back such characters. These are some reasons for
+not preferring Mr. Buchanan.</p>
+
+<p>"But there is still another reason. That reason is in his
+record. To carry the entire South, we must have not only a
+sound man, but one who is above impeachment&mdash;whose record is as
+stainless as the principles he advocates. Is such the case with
+Mr. Buchanan? Let the record answer.</p>
+
+<p>"On the 27th of December, 1837, Mr. Calhoun submitted to the
+Senate that celebrated series of resolutions, the great objects
+of which were to set forth with precision and force the
+constitutional rights of the slaveholding States, and to
+attract to their support an enlightened public opinion against
+the attacks of Northern fanaticism. The second resolution was
+in these words: (Calhoun's Works, volume 3, page 140.)</p>
+
+<p>"'<i>Resolved</i>, That in delegating a portion of their powers to
+be exercised by the Federal Government, the States retained
+severally the exclusive and sole right over their own domestic
+institutions and police, and are alone responsible for them,
+and that any intermeddling of any one or more States, or a
+combination of their citizens, with the domestic institutions
+and police of the others, on any ground or under any pretext
+whatever, political, moral, or religious, with a view to their
+alteration or subversion, is an assumption of superiority not
+warranted by the Constitution, insulting to the States
+interfered with, tending to endanger their domestic peace and
+tranquillity, subversive of the objects for which the
+Constitution was formed, and, by necessary consequence, tending
+to weaken and destroy the Union itself.'</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Morris of Ohio, who was then the only avowed Abolitionist
+in the Senate, moved to strike out the words 'moral and
+religious.' Had the motion prevailed, the effect would have
+been to encourage agitation in the form in which it would be
+most likely to be fatal to the South. It would have been a
+direct encouragement to the Abolitionized clergy of the North
+to take the very course which was taken by the 'three thousand
+and fifty divines' who, in 1854, sacrilegiously assumed, 'in
+the name of Almighty God, and in his presence,' to denounce the
+repeal of the Missouri Compromise as 'a violation of plighted
+faith and a breach of a national compact.' Subsequent events
+have abundantly attested the truth of what Mr. Calhoun said,
+when arguing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> against the motion, 'that the whole spirit of the
+resolution hinged upon that word <i>religious</i>.'</p>
+
+<p>"The vote taken on Mr. Morris's amendment stood as follows:
+(Congressional Globe, volume 6, page 74.)</p>
+
+<p>"Yeas&mdash;Messrs. Bayard, <span class="smcap">Buchanan</span>, Clayton, Davis, McKeon,
+Morris, Prentiss, Robbins, Ruggles, Smyth of Indiana,
+Southward, Swift, Tipton, and Webster&mdash;14.</p>
+
+<p>"Nays&mdash;Messrs. Allen, Black, Brown, Calhoun, Clay of Alabama,
+Clay of Kentucky, Cuthbert, Fulton, Hubbard, King, Knight,
+Linn, Lumpkin, Lyon, Nicholas, Niles, Norvell, Pierce, Preston,
+Rives, Roane, Robinson, Sevier, Smyth of Connecticut, Strange,
+Walker, Wall, White, Williams, Wright, and Young&mdash;31.</p>
+
+<p>"The fifth resolution to which Mr. Calhoun here referred, and
+which he justly regarded as the most important of all, and
+struggled most perseveringly to have passed without amendment,
+was strictly as follows:</p>
+
+<p>"'Resolved, That the intermeddling of any State or States, or
+their citizens, to abolish slavery in this District, or in any
+of the Territories, on the ground, or under the pretext, that
+it is immoral or sinful, or the passage of any act or measure
+of Congress, with that view, would be a direct and dangerous
+attack on the institutions of all the slaveholding States.'</p>
+
+<p>"This resolution covered the whole premises. It met the issue
+boldly and fully. No Southern Democrat can hesitate to say that
+it embodied a great truth, to which events have borne emphatic
+testimony. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, moved to strike it out, and
+insert the following as a substitute:</p>
+
+<p>"'Resolved, That when the District of Columbia was ceded by the
+States of Virginia and Maryland to the United States, domestic
+slavery existed in both of those States, including the ceded
+territory; and that, as it still continues in both of them, it
+could not be abolished within the District without a violation
+of that good faith which was implied in the cession, and in the
+acceptance of the territory, nor unless compensation were made
+for the slaves, without a manifest infringement of an amendment
+of the Constitution of the United States, nor without exciting
+a degree of just alarm and apprehension in the States
+recognizing slavery, far transcending, in mischievous tendency,
+any possible benefit which would be accomplished by the
+abolition.' (Congressional Globe, vol. 6, page 58.)</p>
+
+<p>"The utter insufficiency of this temporizing amendment scarcely
+need be pointed out. Objectionable as it was in conceding to
+Congress the constitutional power to abolish slavery in the
+District of Columbia, and declaring against the exercise of
+that power only on the ground of inexpediency, it was still
+more so in this, that it made no reference whatever to the
+territories of the United States. The passage of Mr. Calhoun's
+resolution would have committed the Senate, not only against
+the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, but
+against the application of the Wilmot Proviso and kindred
+measures to the Territories. Mr. Clay's amendment was entirely
+silent on the subject. It is true, that in another resolution
+which he proposed to have adopted as an additional amendment,
+it was declared that the abolition of slavery in the Territory
+of Florida would be highly inexpedient, for the principal
+reason 'that it would be in violation of a solemn compromise
+made at a memorable and critical period in the history of this
+country, by which, while slavery was prohibited north, it was
+admitted south of the line of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes
+north latitude.' The defect in the first amendment can hardly
+be considered by Southern men as remedied by another which
+recognized the binding force of the Missouri Compromise.</p>
+
+<p>"On the question to strike out Mr. Calhoun's resolution, and
+insert Mr. Clay's as an amendment, after it had been modified
+by striking out the part relating to compensation for slaves,
+the vote stood&mdash;yeas 19, nays 18. (Congressional<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> Globe, vol.
+6, page 62.) <i>Mr. Buchanan's name stands recorded in the
+affirmative.</i></p>
+
+<p>"On a subsequent occasion, Mr. Calhoun, with a view to infuse
+vitality into Mr. Clay's amendment, moved to insert that any
+attempt of Congress to abolish slavery in the Territories,
+'would be a dangerous attack upon the States in which slavery
+exists.' Mr. Buchanan opposed the amendment, and it was in
+reply to his speech that Mr. Calhoun made the remarks which may
+be found in the third volume of his works, pages 194 to 196,
+and which he commenced by saying that 'the remarks of the
+Senator from Pennsylvania were of such a character that he
+could not permit them to pass in silence.'</p>
+
+<p>"From these votes, and this language of Mr. Buchanan, it is
+clear:</p>
+
+<p>"1st. That he was not opposed to the <i>religious</i> agitation of
+the slavery question&mdash;a species of agitation which Mr. Calhoun
+justly regarded as more fatal than any other.</p>
+
+<p>"2d. That he recognized the constitutional power of Congress to
+abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, opposing its
+existence only on the ground of its inexpediency&mdash;a proposition
+which the position of Mr. Van Buren shows affords no reliable
+protection to Southern institutions.</p>
+
+<p>"3d. That he refused to commit himself fully on the great
+question as to the power of Congress over the Territories of
+the United States, and as far as he did go, evidently left it
+to be understood that the abolition of slavery by Congress in
+those Territories would be no attack on the States in which it
+exists.'</p>
+
+<p>"If his opinions, in these respects, have undergone any
+material change, the country has not yet been authoritatively
+apprised of the fact. The reflections cast by him on the
+institution of slavery, in one of his speeches in England, and
+the studied design he has manifested to keep aloof from the
+excitement growing out of the repeal of the Missouri
+Compromise, are not well calculated to inspire confidence, that
+if his views have undergone any change, it has been a change
+for the better."</p></div>
+
+<p>After thus disposing of the <i>slavery issue</i>, <i>Mr. Irving</i> thus turns to
+the <i>Tariff Question</i>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"So much for the slavery issue. How does Mr. Buchanan stand
+upon the tariff? Will the Sentinel say that he is sound, or
+justify his 'low wages' speech? How does he stand upon the
+French Spoliation bill, which President Polk and President
+Pierce vetoed? Everybody knows that he was in favor of it. How
+does he stand upon the Pacific Railroad? He declared himself in
+favor of an appropriation of public money to build it, as is
+notorious. In fact, is there a single Federal measure except
+that of the United States Bank, upon which he is not recorded
+against Democratic principles? How can we hope to carry the
+united South with such a record? Will Southern Democrats
+overlook this record? Will Northern Nebraska men overlook this
+ignoring of Pierce and Douglass? Is there no danger that in
+admitting the abolitionist Trumbull, we may not dishearten the
+gallant Douglass? Is there no fear that in reinstating the
+free-soil Hickman, who is in favor of Reeder, we may not palsy
+the arm of Richardson? In fine, is there no fear that in hoping
+for free-soil aid, we may not lose the few real friends the
+South has in the North? It is evident to the commonest
+understanding, that the first step of Northern Black
+Republicanism is to kill off all those influential men at the
+North, like Pierce or Douglass, who have actively participated
+in the fight for our rights. Is not the South aiding them in
+this first step, when it not only ignores its own sons, but
+also ignores, upon the ground of availability, those Northern
+men identified with the late Kansas-Nebraska bill? This is a
+question the South would do well to ponder. If Mr. Buchanan is
+to be nominated,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> and Pierce and Douglass in the North ignored,
+let the responsibility rest elsewhere than upon the State of
+Virginia. He may be, and probably is sound, but these are times
+when more than ordinary caution is necessary. It may become the
+duty of the South to support him. When that time arrives I can
+discharge the duty; but I do think that the reasons above
+stated exempt me from any blame for not advocating him until
+that responsibility devolves upon me. Very respectfully, <span class="smcap">Chas.
+Irving</span>.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Southern Dough-faces of the Foreign Catholic party pretend to hold
+Mr. Fillmore responsible for a letter he wrote more than twenty years
+ago, in which he answers certain interrogatories in reference to
+slavery, <i>affirmatively</i>, and in opposition to the extension of slavery!
+The <i>latest</i> record of Buchanan is in 1844, and proves him to be an
+ABOLITIONIST OF THE BLACKEST DYE. About the last speech he ever made in
+Congress, was IN OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY, in secret session of the Senate,
+just before Mr. Polk, in opposition to the wishes of Gen. Jackson, gave
+him a seat in his cabinet. This speech will be found in the
+Congressional Globe for 1844, an extract from which is in these
+<i>explicit</i> and <i>memorable</i> words:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In arriving at the conclusion to support this treaty, I had to
+encounter <i>but one serious obstacle</i>, <span class="smcap">and that was the question
+of slavery</span>. Whilst I have ever maintained, and ever shall
+maintain, in their full force and vigor, the constitutional
+rights of the Southern States over their slave property, I yet
+feel a strong repugnance by any act of mine to extend the
+limits of the Union over a new slaveholding territory. After
+mature reflection, however, I overcame these scruples, and now
+believe that the acquisition of Texas will be the means of
+limiting, not enlarging, the dominion of slavery.</p>
+
+<p>"In the government of the world, Providence generally produces
+great changes by gradual means. There is nothing rash in the
+counsels of the Almighty. May not, then, the acquisition of
+Texas be the means of gradually drawing the slaves far to the
+South to a climate more congenial to their nature; and may they
+not finally pass off into Mexico, and <span class="smcap">there mingle with a race
+where no prejudice exists against their color</span>? The Mexican
+nation is composed of Spaniards, Indians, and Negroes, blended
+together in every variety, who would receive our slaves on
+terms of perfect social equality. To this condition they never
+can be admitted in the United States.</p>
+
+<p>"That the acquisition of Texas would ere long convert Maryland,
+Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and probably others of the more
+Northern Slave States, into free States, I entertain not a
+doubt....</p>
+
+<p>"But should Texas be annexed to the Union, causes will be
+brought into operation which must inevitably remove slavery
+from what may be called the farming States. From the best
+information, it is no longer profitable to raise wheat, rye,
+and corn, by slave labor. Where these articles are the only
+staples of agriculture, in the pointed and expressive language
+of Randolph, if the slave does not run away from his master,
+the master must run away from the slave. The slave will
+naturally be removed from such a country, where his labor is
+scarcely adequate to his own support, to a region where he can
+not only maintain himself, but yield large profits to his
+master. Texas will open an outlet; and slavery itself may thus
+finally pass the Del Norte, and be lost in Mexico. One thing is
+certain, the present number of slaves cannot be increased by
+the annexation of Texas.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"I have never apprehended the preponderance of the slave States
+in the councils of the nation. Such a fear has always appeared
+to me visionary. But those who entertain such apprehensions
+need not be alarmed by the acquisition of Texas. More than
+one-half of its territory is wholly unfit for the slave labor;
+and, therefore, in the nature of things must be free. Mr. Clay,
+in his letter of the 17th of April last, on the subject of
+annexation, states that, according to his information&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"'The Territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five
+States of convenient size and form. Of these, two only would be
+adapted to those peculiar institutions (slavery) to which I
+have referred; and the other three, lying west and north of San
+Antonio, being only adapted to farming and grazing purposes,
+from the nature of their soil, climate, and productions, would
+not admit of these institutions. In the end, therefore, there
+would be two slave and three free States probably added to the
+Union.'</p>
+
+<p>"And here permit me to observe, that there is one defect in the
+treaty which ought to be amended if we all did not know that it
+is destined to be rejected. The treaty itself ought to
+determine how many free and how many slave States should be
+made out of this territory."</p></div>
+
+<p>On the 11th of April, 1826, James Buchanan, who is now being supported
+by <i>Southern slaveholders</i>, made a speech in Congress, <i>eleven years
+after</i> his Fourth of July oration, from which the following is taken:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Permit me here, Mr. Chairman, for a moment, to speak upon a
+subject to which I have never before adverted upon this floor,
+and to which, I trust, I may never again have occasion to
+advert. I mean the subject of slavery. I BELIEVE IT TO BE A
+GREAT POLITICAL AND A GREAT MORAL EVIL. I THANK GOD, MY LOT HAS
+BEEN CAST IN A STATE WHERE IT DOES NOT EXIST.... IT HAS BEEN A
+CURSE ENTAILED UPON US BY THAT NATION WHICH MAKES IT A SUBJECT
+OF REPROACH TO OUR INSTITUTIONS." (See Gales and Seaton's
+Register of Debates, page 2180, vol. ii., part 2.)</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>MORE BUCHANAN ANTECEDENTS.</h4>
+
+<p>When a "<i>Uniform Bankrupt Law</i>" was enacted by Congress, after the
+election of General Harrison, there were on the files of the Judiciary
+Committee of the Senate <i>fifty-one petitions</i>, praying for the passage
+of such a law. Twenty-nine of these were from New York, five from New
+Jersey, three from Ohio, two from Indiana, two from Massachusetts, and
+<i>one</i> from each of the States of Tennessee and Mississippi. There were
+<i>twenty-five</i> other petitions praying for "<i>A General Bankrupt Law</i>;"
+<i>fifteen</i> of which were from New York, and eight from Pennsylvania; and
+how will the Democracy like to see it hereafter proven that BUCHANAN
+presented these petitions, and voted for the law? If it shall turn out
+that "Old Buck" did really go for the "odious Bankrupt Law," let his
+friends defend him on the ground that his <i>State</i> desired it, and had
+always favored the measure!</p>
+
+<p>In the House of Representatives, in Congress, January 3, 1815, <i>Mr.
+Ingersoll</i>, a notorious Democrat from Pennsylvania, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> <i>Boy Tory</i> of
+the war of the Revolution, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported
+a bill to establish <i>a uniform law of Bankruptcy throughout the United
+States</i>! If these facts should not turn out to be a sufficient
+justification of <i>Mr. Buchanan's course</i>, provided he went for this
+Bankrupt Law, let his friends present these facts, and show that he was
+in good old Federal Democratic <i>company</i>:</p>
+
+<p>NUMBER 1. On the 5th of September, 1837, Mr. Van Buren's <i>Democratic</i>
+Secretary of the Treasury made a report to Congress, praying the passage
+of a <i>uniform Bankrupt Law</i>, which was referred to the Committee on the
+Judiciary.</p>
+
+<p>NUMBER 2. On the 13th day of January, 1840, <i>Mr. Norvell</i>, a Democratic
+Senator from Michigan, moved that the Judiciary be instructed to inquire
+into the expediency of reporting a bill for the establishment of a
+<i>General Bankrupt Law</i>.</p>
+
+<p>NUMBER 3. On the 22d of April, 1840, <i>Garret D. Wall</i>, a flaming
+Democratic Senator in Congress, reported certain amendments to a
+Bankrupt Law, from a minority of the Committee; which were referred to
+the Senate's select Committee, and reported by Mr. Wall, and passed&mdash;21
+to 19&mdash;and sent to the House.</p>
+
+<p>NUMBER 4. In the Senate, July 23, 1841, <i>Mr. Nicholson</i>, a Democratic
+Senator from Tennessee, delivered an able speech in favor of a uniform
+system of Bankruptcy, and moved to amend the bill then pending, by
+inserting "BANKS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS;" which motion was lost by a
+vote of 34 to 16.</p>
+
+<p>NUMBER 5. That great light of Democracy, <i>Col. Richard M. Johnson</i>, late
+Vice-President of the United States, wrote and spoke in favor of a
+General Bankrupt Law. In a letter of his, now before us, dated
+Washington, January 18, 1841, he says, speaking of such a law: "<i>My
+opinion is that it will redound to the honor of our country.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>But we will do Mr. Buchanan justice, by stating that he said he would
+vote <i>against</i> the Bankrupt Law of 1840, because he did not like its
+features. When Mr. Webster spoke in favor of the law, and of the
+character of the <i>petitioners</i>, many of whom presented their petitions
+through Mr. Buchanan, the latter spoke on the 24th of February, 1840;
+and, to satisfy Mr. Webster and others that he was not opposed to the
+<i>principle</i> in former days, stated, "<i>He came to the other House of
+Congress, many years since</i>, A FRIEND OF A BANKRUPT LAW. The subject was
+before the House when he entered the body twenty years ago." He added,
+"He was <i>open to conviction</i>, and might change his purpose!"</p>
+
+<p>Thus, it will be seen that Mr. Buchanan, in this, as in every thing
+else, <i>was on both sides</i>! And how does it look in a Presidential
+candidate, to have supported a <i>General Bankrupt Law</i> for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> the relief of
+<i>rich, extravagant, and aristocratic</i> gentlemen, and then to turn round
+and advocate "ten cents per day" for poor folks and laboring men? It
+will look rather bad; but, then, Sag Nicht Democracy can go any thing!
+This old "ten cents per day" champion of Democracy advocated, in so many
+words, the reduction of all paper money prices to the real Cuba standard
+of solid money! We take extracts from his speech, which will be found in
+the Appendix to the Congressional Globe, page 135:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"In Germany, where the currency is purely metallic, and the
+cost of every thing is REDUCED to a hard money standard, a
+piece of broadcloth can be manufactured for fifty dollars; the
+manufacture of which in our country, from the expansion of
+paper currency, would cost one hundred dollars. What is the
+consequence? The foreign French and German manufacturer imports
+this cloth into our country, and sells it for a hundred. Does
+not every person perceive that the redundancy of our currency
+is equal to a premium of one hundred per cent. in favor of the
+manufacturer?"</p>
+
+<p>"No tariff of protection, unless it amounted to prohibition,
+could counteract this advantage in favor of foreign
+manufactures. I would to heaven that I could arouse the
+attention of every manufacturer of the nation to this important
+subject."</p>
+
+<p>"What is the reason that, with all these advantages, and with
+the protective duties which our laws afford to the domestic
+manufacturer of cotton, we cannot obtain exclusive possession
+of the home market, and successfully contend for the markets of
+the world? It is simply because we manufacture at the nominal
+prices of our inflated currency, and are compelled to sell at
+the real prices of other nations. REDUCE OUR NOMINAL STANDARD
+OF PRICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, and you cover our country with
+blessings and benefits."</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>"The comparative LOW PRICES of France and Germany have afforded
+such a stimulus to their manufactures, that they are now
+rapidly extending themselves, and would obtain possession, in
+no small degree, even of the English home market, IF IT WERE
+NOT FOR THEIR PROTECTING DUTIES. While British manufactures are
+now languishing, those of the continent are springing into a
+healthy and vigorous existence."</p></div>
+
+<p>How will the <i>Free Trade Democracy</i> of the South relish these
+"protecting duties" of an old Federal politician? They are about as
+consistent in their support of the Cincinnati nominee as "Clay Whigs"
+are, when they know that Buchanan was the only man living who had it in
+his power to do Clay justice, in reference to the "bargain and intrigue"
+calumny, and obstinately refused!</p>
+
+
+<h4>CLAY AND BUCHANAN.</h4>
+
+<p>In 1825, Mr. Buchanan, then a member of the House, entered the room of
+Mr. Clay, who was at the time in company with his only messmate, Hon. R.
+P. Letcher, also a member of the House, and since Governor of Kentucky.
+Buchanan introduced the subject of the approaching Presidential
+election, Letcher witnessing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> what was said; and after that, when Mr.
+Clay was hotly assailed with the charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption," notified Mr. Buchanan of his intention to publish the
+conversation, but was induced, by the <i>earnest entreaties of Buchanan</i>,
+to forbear. And Mr. Clay died with a letter in his possession, from
+Buchanan, which, if published, as it should be, would place Buchanan
+without the pale of Democracy, and disgrace him in the eyes of all
+honorable men. <i>That</i> letter, too, would explain why Gen. Jackson had no
+confidence in him, and was opposed to his taking a seat in Polk's
+cabinet. Let it come!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That it was the vote of James Buchanan
+which, in the Senate, in 1832, secured the passage of the "Black
+Tariff," so offensive to the "Free Trade" Democracy of Tennessee, South
+Carolina, and other Southern States, and which Gov. JONES threw up to
+Col. Polk with so much effect in their race of 1843!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the Cincinnati Platform unblushingly
+affirms that "the Constitution does not confer upon the Federal
+government authority to assume the debts of the several States,
+contracted for local internal improvements, or for other State
+purposes;" while the Democratic members of Congress annually violate
+this principle by voting away hundreds of acres of public lands to the
+States, for purposes of railroads and other improvements.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the same Platform hypocritically
+asserts, that "it is the duty of every branch of our Government to
+enforce and practice the most rigid economy in conducting our public
+affairs;" when the expenditures of Pierce's administration are TWENTY
+MILLIONS PER ANNUM over that of MILLARD FILLMORE!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the 8th of the series in this Platform
+declares, that "the attempt to abridge the privilege of becoming
+citizens and owners of soil amongst us ought to be resisted with the
+same spirit which swept the alien and sedition laws from our statute
+book:" and then the hypocritical builders of the platform turned about
+and nominated James Buchanan, who commenced public life as the advocate
+of the "alien and sedition laws," and sustained, in and out of Congress,
+the Federal party, who passed these laws.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That the Cincinnati Platform, which prates
+so loudly about the privilege of becoming "owners of the soil," and
+which rebukes all efforts to amend our naturalization laws as oppressive
+to foreigners, nominated a man for the Presidency who spoke publicly in
+this language: "Above all, we ought<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> to drive from our shores foreign
+influence, which has been in every age the curse of republics!"</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this Cincinnati Platform pledges
+itself to the "Acts known as the Compromise Measures," and then resolves
+"to resist all attempts at renewing, in Congress or out of it, the
+agitation of slavery;" while the second best nags before the Convention
+were Douglass and Pierce, who brought forward the bill repealing the
+Missouri Compromise line, and opening up anew the slavery agitation,
+while Pierce signed the bill and adopted it as an Administration
+measure!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this same Platform asserts, as an
+indispensable article of the Democratic faith, that "the proceeds of the
+public lands ought to be sacredly applied to the national objects
+specified in the Constitution;" and yet a majority of the Democracy, in
+one branch of Congress, unhesitatingly voted for a bill introduced by
+Robert M. T. Hunter, a leader of "the most straitest sect" of Democratic
+Pharisees, which proposed to give away the whole body of the public
+lands to squatters, at the nominal price of ninepence an acre, and at
+five years' credit!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this same platform deprecates a policy
+which legislates for the few at the expense of the many; yet its
+builders nominated a man for the Presidency who has avowed himself on
+the floor of the Senate in favor of reducing the wages of poor white men
+to the Cuban standard of TEN CENTS per day!</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That this Cincinnati Platform utterly fails
+to come up to that high Southern standard, which the country looked for
+from a party so lavish of promises, and that it has deliberately and
+completely shirked the slavery issue, the only apology for which is
+found in their having nominated an old anti-slavery Federalist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Keep it before the People</i>, That <span class="smcap">James Buchanan</span> was opposed to the war
+of 1812, but is in favor of the next war&mdash;while a Federalist he was
+conservative in his views, but is now square upon a Filibustering
+Platform&mdash;his nomination, an overture to the Sumner Wing of Democracy,
+is the very nomination for the Nullifiers, Fire-eaters, and Disunionists
+of the South&mdash;that while we cry North, shout South, every faction is
+united.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE CINCINNATI VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.</h2>
+
+<p><i>John C. Breckenridge</i>, of Kentucky, is now the Democratic candidate for
+the Vice Presidency; and in our devotion to the <i>head</i> of the ticket, we
+do not wish to neglect the <i>tail</i>. Mr. Breckenridge is a good speaker,
+and is about as good a selection as his party could make. He has not
+been long enough in public life to attain any experience as a statesman,
+nor has he been guilty of any great indiscretion in his short
+Congressional career. He will be unable to carry Kentucky for his party,
+though he has some elements of strength. Standing out in violent
+opposition to his relatives upon the <i>Know Nothing</i> issues, he will be
+acceptable to all Foreigners, and the Catholics in particular! Being on
+the very best of terms with <i>Cassius M. Clay</i>, and voting with the
+Emancipationists of Kentucky, he will be rather acceptable to the
+Anti-Slavery men than otherwise! He was a zealous supporter of the bill
+in Congress appropriating a million or two dollars to works of Internal
+Improvement, which was <i>vetoed</i> by Pierce. That bill provided $50,000
+for the improvement of the Kentucky River, to which he urged an
+amendment insisting on $150,000. This will give him strength with the
+Democracy of the North and North-West, who advocated the doctrine of
+Internal Improvements by the General Government!</p>
+
+<p>On May 20th, 1856, the <i>Charleston Mercury</i> came out advising the South
+as to the selection of candidates, which advice, if adhered to, would
+prove ruinous alike to Buchanan and Breckenridge. A brief extract from
+that article is in these words:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A man unsound on Slavery, Free Trade, and Internal
+Improvements, or whose opinions are shrouded in treacherous
+ambiguity&mdash;such a man, be he Black Republican or Democrat, is
+unworthy of her support. To vote for either, is to give away
+her influence, to be used against her. It is to stultify
+principle, and be the instrument of her own undoing."</p></div>
+
+<p>This doctrine would get very much in the way of such men as <i>Toombs and
+Stephens</i>, of Georgia, and other Anti-Internal Improvement Democrats,
+but they can excuse Breckenridge on the ground that he acquiesced in the
+veto of Pierce, and was possibly only trying to make a little capital at
+home, which is common with Democracy. Besides, Mr. Breckenridge being
+raised a <i>Clay Whig</i>, and representing the Ashland District as a
+Democrat, should be allowed to pass over the <i>Jordan</i> of Democracy by
+degrees!</p>
+
+<p>His name can be used advantageously in this contest in another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> respect.
+While Mr. Buchanan was Mr. Clay's most vindictive enemy, traducer, and
+calumniator, Mr. Breckenridge can be held up to the Clay Whigs, as
+having announced to the House of Representatives the death of Mr. Clay,
+in language and sentiments branding Buchanan as a malignant slanderer,
+without mentioning his name, by the character he gave to Clay! Closing
+his eulogy upon Mr. Clay in these words, Mr. Breckenridge evidently
+looked with the eye of prophecy at the slanders of Buchanan, the
+recollection of which would "cluster" around his grave:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Every memorial of such a man will possess a meaning and value
+to his countrymen. His tomb will be a hallowed spot. Great
+memories will cluster there, and his countrymen as they visit
+it may well exclaim:</p></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines&mdash;<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Shrines to no creed or code confined;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The Delphian vales, the Palestines,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">The Meccas of the mind."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>If we mistake not, this young Breckenridge is the nephew of the Rev.
+John Breckenridge, formerly of Baltimore, and pastor of the Presbyterian
+Church. If so, he is the nephew of the Rev. Robert Breckenridge, the
+talented and staunch advocate of the American party. The venerable uncle
+of this young man, whilst pastor of the Church in Baltimore, was a most
+formidable opponent of the Roman Catholic religion, and is the man who
+conducted the debate with Archbishop Hughes, in 1836, which we now have
+before us, in a large volume of 550 pages. Of course <i>Bishop Hughes</i>
+will require the young man to repudiate his uncle's views and charges in
+opposition to the Papal religion; and this, we should think, he will do
+for the sake of the Catholic vote in America!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4>From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.</h4>
+
+<h2>PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY&mdash;ITS LEGITIMATE FRUITS.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The following important document we take from the National
+Intelligencer, of January 22, 1851. It was signed and published by
+gentlemen irrespective of parties&mdash;<span class="smcap">forty-four</span> Senators and
+Representatives in Congress. It will be a <i>curiosity</i> to those of our
+readers who may have forgotten its well-timed and patriotic pledges. How
+unfortunate it has been for the country, and especially the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> public
+tranquillity, that the determination and counsels of these men were, in
+an evil hour, departed from, and flagrantly violated by the demagogues
+of the self-styled Democratic party! To the violation of this solemn
+pledge by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise line, and the re&ouml;pening
+of the Slavery agitation by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska
+bill, intended to elevate that miserable little demagogue, <i>Stephen A.
+Douglass</i>, to the Presidency, we are indebted for all the scenes of
+bloodshed in Kansas, to the angry slavery discussions in Congress, and
+the disgraceful scenes of riot being almost daily enacted there!</p>
+
+<p>Several copies of the following Declaration were circulated in Congress,
+and obtained a number of signatures in both halls; but no other list was
+ever published, that we know of, besides this, which, it will be seen,
+was headed by the illustrious <span class="smcap">Henry Clay</span>:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The undersigned, members of the thirty-first Congress of the
+United States, believing that a renewal of sectional
+controversy upon the subject of slavery would be both dangerous
+to the Union and destructive of its objects; and seeing no mode
+by which such controversy can be avoided, except by a strict
+adherence to the settlement thereof effected by the Compromise
+Acts passed at the last session of Congress, do hereby declare
+their intention to maintain the said settlement inviolate, and
+to resist all attempts to repeal or alter the acts aforesaid,
+unless by the general consent of the friends of the measure,
+and to remedy such evils, if any, as time and experience may
+develop. And, for the purpose of making this resolution
+effective, they further declare that they will not support for
+the office of President, Vice-President, Senator, or
+Representative in Congress, or as a member of a State
+Legislature, any man, of whatever party, who is not known to be
+opposed to the disturbance of the settlement aforesaid, and to
+the renewal, in any form, of agitation upon the subject of
+slavery.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>"Henry Clay,</td><td align='left'>C. S. Morehead,</td><td align='left'>Robt. L. Rose,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>W. C. Dawson,</td><td align='left'>Thos. J. Rusk,</td><td align='left'>Jere. Clemens,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>James Cooper,</td><td align='left'>Thos. C. Pratt,</td><td align='left'>Wm. M. Gwin,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Samuel A. Elliot,</td><td align='left'>David Outlaw,</td><td align='left'>O. H. Williams,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>J. Philips Ph&oelig;nix,</td><td align='left'>A. M. Schemerhorn,</td><td align='left'>Jno. R. Thurman,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>D. A. Bokee,</td><td align='left'>Geo. R. Andrews,</td><td align='left'>W. P. Mangum,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Jeremiah Morton,</td><td align='left'>R. I. Bowie,</td><td align='left'>E. C. Cabell,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Alex. Evans,</td><td align='left'>Howell Cobb,</td><td align='left'>H. S. Foote,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wm. Duer,</td><td align='left'>Jas. Brooks,</td><td align='left'>A. H. Stephens,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>R. Toombs,</td><td align='left'>M. P. Gentry,</td><td align='left'>H. W. Hilliard,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>F. E. McLean,</td><td align='left'>A. G. Watkins,</td><td align='left'>H. A. Bullard,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>T. S. Haywood,</td><td align='left'>A. H. Shephard,</td><td align='left'>Daniel Breck,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Jas. L. Johnson,</td><td align='left'>J. B. Thompson,</td><td align='left'>J. M. Anderson,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>John B. Kerr,</td><td align='left'>J. P. Caldwell,</td><td align='left'>Ed. Deberry,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>H. Marshall,</td><td align='left'>Allen F. Owen."</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The <i>rowdyism</i> and <i>treachery</i> of Democracy never intended to abide by
+this pledge&mdash;and hence their "disturbance of the settlement aforesaid,"
+by opening up anew this villainous "agitation upon the subject of
+slavery." This violation of a solemn pledge has introduced into Kansas
+civil war, caused bloodshed, the shooting down of men in cold blood, and
+overrun that country with contending parties, called "<i>Friends of
+Freedom</i>" and "<i>Border Ruffians</i>," armed with Sharpe's rifles, Colt's
+revolvers, bowie-knives, and clubs, mixed with Bibles!</p>
+
+<p>All this really affords an illustration of the domineering insolence of
+Democratic Abolitionism&mdash;an element in our Federal Government which will
+stop at no extremity of violence, in order to subdue the people of the
+Slave States, and force them into a miserable subservience to its
+fanatical dominion. And it is worthy of note, that the shooting of
+Sheriff Jones and others in Kansas, occurred immediately after the
+arrival of the <i>New Haven Emigrant Rifle Company</i>! This, too, calls to
+mind forcibly the very delectable <i>conversational speechifying</i> that
+took place at the New Haven Rifle Meeting, among the pious villains who
+figured most conspicuously. As it is short, we give it entire:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Rev. Mr. Dutton (pastor of the church.)&mdash;One of the deacons of
+this church, Mr. Harvey Hall, is going out with the company to
+Kansas, and I, as his pastor, desire to present him a Bible and
+a Sharpe's rifle. (Great applause.)</p>
+
+<p>E. P. Pie.&mdash;I will give one.</p>
+
+<p>Stephen D. Purdee.&mdash;I will give one for myself, and also
+another one for my wife.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Beecher.&mdash;I like to see that&mdash;it is a bold stroke both
+right and left. (Great laughter.)</p>
+
+<p>Charles Ives.&mdash;Put me down for three.</p>
+
+<p>Thomas R. Trowbridge.&mdash;Put me down for four. (Continued
+laughter.) Dr. J. I. Howe.&mdash;I will subscribe for one.</p>
+
+<p>A gentleman said that Miss Mary Dutton would give one.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Stephen G. Hubbard.&mdash;One.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Beecher here stated that if twenty-five could be raised on
+the spot, he would pledge twenty-five more from the church at
+Plymouth&mdash;fifty being a sufficient number for the whole supply.
+(Clapping of hands all over the house.)</p>
+
+<p>Prof. Silliman now left Mr. Beecher to speak for the bid, and
+sat down to enjoy the occasion.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Killem.&mdash;I give one.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Beecher.&mdash;<i>Killem</i>&mdash;that's a significant name in connection
+with a good Sharpe's rifle. (Laughter.)</p></div>
+
+<p>After this, this clerical vagabond, Beecher, blessed the weapons, and
+encouraged the party to go forth and "do or die" in the sublime "cause
+of nigger freedom!" In all human probability, sweet Mary Dutton's rifle
+may have sped the ball that pierced the side of Sheriff Jones, the
+officer of the law, while in the honest discharge<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> of a sworn duty!
+Subsequent murders, where pro-slavery men were shot down with these
+rifles, we attribute to the <i>omen</i> that Beecher found in his name
+"<i>Killem</i>"&mdash;it is a significant name in connection with Sharpe's rifle.
+The real assassins shoot down their men, and with their <i>rifles</i> and
+<i>Bibles</i> flee; but <i>she</i> who unfrocked herself by furnishing a rifle,
+and <i>he</i> who gave and blessed the weapon of death, are here to accept
+the thanks of their admirers and partisans. Let sweet Mary and her
+<i>beloved</i> pastor be crowned with wreaths of deadly night-shade, and
+consigned to one cell in Sing Sing prison!</p>
+
+<p>But the success of Ruffianism in Kansas, in the hands of those vile
+Abolition Democrats, has emboldened members of the same party to
+introduce it in the Federal Capital. But the other day, <span class="smcap">Mr. Sumner</span>, of
+Massachusetts, made, in his place in the U. S. Senate, one of the most
+incendiary and inflammatory speeches ever uttered on the floor of either
+House of Congress! The vocabulary of Billingsgate was exhausted in
+denouncing all who dared to justify the institution of slavery&mdash;using,
+over and over again, such terms as "hireling, picked from the drunken
+spew of an uneasy civilization in the form of men," &amp;c. The language
+made use of was disgraceful to the vile Abolitionist himself, and to the
+Senate, of which he never ought to have been a member. There was no
+limit to the personal abuse in which the villainous Senator indulged, no
+restraint to the vile epithets coined in his insane head; and the very
+natural consequence was, a personal chastisement of Mr. Sumner, in the
+Senate chamber, by Mr. Brooks, a Representative from South Carolina, and
+a relative of Judge Butler, the gentleman abused in his absence, which,
+for its severity, never was equalled in Washington. Mr. Sumner was the
+aggressor, because he poured out the vials of his wrath upon not only
+Judge Butler, a distinguished Senator, but upon the whole State of South
+Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>We do not justify the selection of a <i>time</i> and <i>place</i> by <i>Mr. Brooks</i>,
+for punishing this Massachusetts Abolitionist; but we should despise the
+son of South Carolina who could hear his native State arraigned in such
+temper and language, without feeling intensely, and <i>manifesting</i> that
+feeling at a proper time and place. Indeed, it would be strange if a
+South Carolinian did not resent the arrogant, insulting, and
+contemptuous tone which Mr. Sumner saw fit to indulge in towards South
+Carolina in general, and her Senator in particular! We know Judge
+Butler&mdash;we have seen him on the Bench, in the discharge of the duties of
+a Circuit-Judge&mdash;we have seen and heard him in the Senate Chamber, where
+he has served for years, with credit to himself and honor to his State.
+He is an accomplished man, and a most amiable and honorable gentleman.
+His character is unblemished; he stands deservedly high;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> he is a
+gentleman of urbane and courteous demeanor, and is beloved, esteemed,
+and respected, by all <i>gentlemen</i> who know him or associate with him.
+Besides, he is an old man, gray-haired, and palsied; and, whether
+present or absent, deserved to be treated as a gentleman.</p>
+
+<p>Northern men may not expect to vilify the South in this way, without
+having to atone for it. Men who profess to belong to the peace party,
+ought not to employ language that will provoke a fight, and then shield
+themselves behind their non-resistant defences. They voluntarily put
+themselves upon the platform of <i>resistance</i>&mdash;they pass insults, and
+they must submit to the consequences. We have just finished the perusal
+of a case in &AElig;sop's Fables, exactly in point. It is the case of a
+<i>trumpeter</i> taken prisoner in battle. He claimed exemption from the
+common fate of prisoners of war, in ancient times, on the ground that he
+carried no weapons, and was, in fact, a non-combatant, belonging to the
+peace party! "Non-combatant, the Devil!" exclaimed the opposing party,
+pointing to his trumpet, as preparations were being made to put him to
+death, "Why, Sir, you hold in your hands the very instrument which
+incites our foes to tenfold furies against us!"</p>
+
+<p>But this fight between the parties has to come, and it should begin at
+Washington, and if not in the halls of Congress, at least in the
+<i>streets</i> of the Federal city. Let the battle be fought there, and not
+in <i>Kansas</i>, and let it fall upon the villainous agitators of the
+Slavery question, and the <i>Democratic</i> disturbers of the Compromises of
+the Constitution. Let it come <i>now</i>, that it may be fought out and
+settled, and not left to <i>posterity</i>, to curse and crush the rising
+generation!</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Brooks is a Democrat, and an anti-Know Nothing. Mr. Sumner is a
+Democrat&mdash;was elected by the votes of the Democrats, over that noble and
+dignified Whig, Mr. Winthrop, and his election was hailed throughout the
+Union as a Democratic triumph!</p>
+
+<p>Massachusetts, irrespective of parties, seems to have taken great
+offence at this occurrence, and to have held indignation meetings, and
+was to have had <i>Legislative</i> action upon the subject. We tell
+Massachusetts that she is alone to blame, for sending such a man to the
+United States Senate. There was a great debate in the Senate twenty-five
+years ago, in which Daniel Webster and Gov. Hayne met each other and
+grappled like giants, as they were. The State of South Carolina, in that
+day, though represented by an able, patriotic, and great man, came off
+<i>second best</i>. The Senator from Massachusetts, of that day, was an able
+statesman, a Constitutional lawyer of unsurpassed abilities, and,
+withal, a cautious gentleman, and rose above the low blackguardism of a
+Sumner and a Wilson. When <i>taunted</i> by the Senator from South Carolina<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>
+with <i>Federalism</i>, and opposition to some of the features of the War of
+1812, the great Webster presented Massachusetts before the Senate and
+the Union, in such a manner that men of all sections bowed down and
+worshipped her. Standing erect with the flash of his eagle eye, he
+exclaimed, "There is Boston, and Concord, and Lexington, and Bunker
+Hill"&mdash;let them testify to the loyalty of Massachusetts to this glorious
+Union! Not only did Mr. Webster come out of that controversy with South
+Carolina with the admiration of every man in the country, but with the
+respect and admiration of Calhoun, Hayne, McDuffie, and all the
+high-toned statesmen of the South. And why? Because he was not a Sumner,
+a Wilson, or an <i>Abolition Blackguard</i>. Times have changed&mdash;a different
+man takes the place of a Webster, with only the memory of an insulting
+speech and a broken head! Let Massachusetts send men to the United
+States Senate who can and will demean themselves like gentlemen, and
+gentlemen from the South will appreciate them, while they differ
+honestly with them on great questions.</p>
+
+<p>What wonderful <i>progress</i> Democracy is making in the country! <i>First</i>,
+Democracy quarrelled and jowered over the election of a Speaker two
+months, and finally, by the introduction of the <i>Plurality Rule</i>, caused
+Banks, a Black Republican, to be elected. And as if determined to atone
+for this wear of time and money, they have brought about a series of
+fights, which, before they are disposed of, will cost the government
+half a million of dollars!</p>
+
+<p><i>First</i> then, William Smith, an ex-Governor of the State of Virginia,
+and member of the House of Representatives, assailed and beat the editor
+of the <i>Evening Star</i>, in December last, in the street.</p>
+
+<p><i>Second</i>, Albert Rusk, a member of the House of Representatives from
+Arkansas, assailed and beat the editor of the New York <i>Tribune</i> in the
+grounds of the capitol, immediately after leaving the House of
+Representatives.</p>
+
+<p><i>Third</i>, Philip T. Herbert, of Alabama, a member of Congress from
+California, shot down and killed an Irish Catholic waiter at Willard's,
+and is now under bonds to appear before the Court and await his trial
+for such crime as they may adjudge him to have committed.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fourth</i>, Preston S. Brooks, a member of the House of Representatives
+from South Carolina, assails and beats unmercifully a Senator from
+Massachusetts, when occupying his seat in the Senate of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fifth</i>, Mr. Bright knocked down the doorkeeper, for an inconsiderable
+offence. Here, then, we have five breaches of the peace in five months,
+by Democrats upon Democrats, although the "Boston Pilot," a Catholic
+organ, falsely charges that some of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> parties making these assaults
+are "Know Nothings." We congratulate the Democratic party upon the
+progress of its leading members! They are sinking by swift descent into
+barbarism, and bringing the country to ruin. And in keeping with all
+this, they have tried to nominate for the Vice-Presidency a man who
+openly proposed in Congress the repeal of our neutrality laws, so as to
+bring a general fight!</p>
+
+<p>It will not do to say that <i>Sumner</i> is not of the Democratic party,
+because he is a regular-built Free-Soiler and Black Republican: the
+Washington <i>Union</i> settled this point in 1852, when it uttered these
+memorable words:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The Free-soil Democratic leaders of the North are a regular
+portion of the Democratic party, and General Pierce, if
+elected, will make no distinction between them and the rest of
+the Democracy in the distribution of official patronage, and in
+the selection of agents for administering the government."</p></div>
+
+<p>The rules of the Senate forbid personalities in debate, and it was the
+sworn duty of its Locofoco President, Mr. Bright, to have called Mr.
+Sumner to order for his abuse of Judge Butler. But as far back as thirty
+years ago, under the auspices of <span class="smcap">John C. Calhoun</span> as presiding officer, a
+decision was made to the effect that the presiding officer of the Senate
+was neither bound nor had he the power to call Senators to order! That
+power, according to his decision, belonged wholly to the Senate
+itself&mdash;&mdash;thus delivering over the minority of that body to "the tender
+mercies" of the majority! The object of Mr. <span class="smcap">Calhoun</span> at the time was to
+play into the hands of a combination which had been formed to break down
+the Administration of John Quincy Adams, and to cripple Henry Clay. The
+instrument used was the sarcastic, irritating, and personal rhetoric of
+John Randolph, then a member of the Senate. To this end, Randolph was
+suffered to deliver in the Senate a long succession of tirades,
+disgraceful to the Senate, abusive of New England and of Henry Clay.
+Here is a specimen of Randolph's abuse, which led to a duel between him
+and Mr. Clay:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"This man, (mankind, I crave pardon,) this worm, (little
+animals, forgive the insult,) was raised to a higher life than
+he was born to, for he was raised to the society of
+blackguards. Some fortune&mdash;kind to him, cruel to us&mdash;has tossed
+him to the Secretaryship of State. Contempt has the property of
+descending, but stops far short of him. She would die before
+she would reach him: he dwells below her fall. I would hate
+him, if I did not despise him. It is not <span class="smcap">what</span> he is, but <span class="smcap">where</span>
+he is, that puts my thoughts into action. The alphabet which
+writes the name of Thersites, blackguard, squalidity, refuses
+her letters for him. That mind which thinks on what it cannot
+express, can scarcely think on him. An hyperbole for <span class="smcap">Meanness</span>
+would be an ellipsis for <span class="smcap">Clay</span>."</p></div>
+
+<p>This was pleasing to Mr. Calhoun and the dominant party in the Senate,
+and his decision which tolerated it never was questioned<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> by any
+authoritative precedent, until <span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span> was elected
+Vice-President. With characteristic independence, he determined that a
+precedent so unreasonable and absurd should not be binding on him as the
+presiding officer of the Senate. He therefore, on assuming the duties of
+his office, delivered an address to the Senate, in which he informed
+that body that he considered it his sworn duty to preserve decorum, and
+would <i>reverse</i> the rule which had so long prevailed, that Senators were
+not to be called to order for words spoken in debate! The Senate ordered
+this address to be entered at large on their journals, as an evidence of
+their endorsement of its doctrines; and there it is now, recorded
+evidence of the patriotism, high sense of decorum, and senatorial
+dignity of that great and good man, <span class="smcap">Millard Fillmore</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p>
+<h2>STRENGTH OF PARTIES IN TENNESSEE.</h2>
+
+<h3>OFFICIAL VOTES OF THE STATE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The following tables exhibit the official vote of Tennessee for
+President in 1852, for Governor in 1853, and for Governor in 1855, as
+compared at the capital of the State, and will be valuable as a table
+for reference. In the last contest, when the <i>Know Nothing issues</i> were
+fully made, causing all the <i>latent blackguardism in the Democratic
+ranks to be fully developed</i>, it will be seen that <i>Andrew Johnson</i>
+received 67,499 votes, and <i>Meredith P. Gentry</i> 65,342, leaving Johnson
+a majority of 2,157, a falling off of 104 votes from his majority over
+<i>Maj. Henry</i> two years before that. It will also be perceived that the
+vote of the State at this last election is an increase of 8,260 over the
+vote two years previous. Of this increase, <i>Col. Gentry</i> gets 4,182, his
+vote exceeding <i>Maj. Henry's</i> by that much, while Johnson's increase
+upon his own vote two years previous was 4,078.</p>
+
+<p>It is a moderate calculation to say that Johnson received at least two
+thousand <i>foreign and illegal votes</i>; while we are within bounds when we
+say that at least 5,000 old-line Whigs refused to vote for <i>Col.
+Gentry</i>&mdash;demonstrating beyond all doubt that a majority of the legal
+voters of the State were opposed to Johnson and his party.</p>
+
+<p>In the contest now being waged, <i>Fillmore and Donelson</i> will carry the
+State by a majority ranging from <i>three</i> to <i>five</i> thousand votes,
+despite the low Billingsgate slang and vile blackguardism that may be
+heaped upon them and their supporters. And as this calculation is made
+in <i>June</i>, five months in advance of the election, we must ask those
+into whose hands this work shall fall without the limits of Tennessee,
+to bear it in mind, and when they get the returns in November, to give
+us credit for our sagacity or our want of sagacity!</p>
+
+<p>The contest will be fierce and bitter, exceeding any former political
+battle witnessed in the State. If the orators and editors of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> the
+self-styled Democratic party have not greatly reformed in the space of
+one year, but little argument will be adduced, but little gentlemanly
+courtesy manifested; and instead of facts, figures and arguments, bitter
+invective, low blackguardism, and Billingsgate abuse of secret
+organizations, dark lanterns, and Protestant clergymen, will be the
+order of the day. In this <i>congenial</i> work, all the conglomeration of
+ignorant men, foreign paupers, and fag-ends and factions, styling
+themselves <i>Democrats</i>, will engage!</p>
+
+<p>But to the official vote of the State:</p>
+
+
+<h3><i>Popular Vote of Tennessee&mdash;Official.</i></h3>
+
+<h4>EAST TENNESSEE.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td colspan="2">1852.</td><td colspan="2">1853.</td><td colspan="2">1855.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Anderson</td><td align='right'>602</td><td align='right'>267</td><td align='right'>648</td><td align='right'>379</td><td align='right'>772</td><td align='right'>333</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bledsoe</td><td align='right'>464</td><td align='right'>209</td><td align='right'>469</td><td align='right'>303</td><td align='right'>404</td><td align='right'>361</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Blount</td><td align='right'>827</td><td align='right'>566</td><td align='right'>1146</td><td align='right'>734</td><td align='right'>1069</td><td align='right'>789</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bradley</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>778</td><td align='right'>562</td><td align='right'>1085</td><td align='right'>644</td><td align='right'>1021</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Campbell</td><td align='right'>313</td><td align='right'>251</td><td align='right'>356</td><td align='right'>445</td><td align='right'>507</td><td align='right'>383</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Carter</td><td align='right'>585</td><td align='right'>139</td><td align='right'>721</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>768</td><td align='right'>238</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Claiborne</td><td align='right'>503</td><td align='right'>519</td><td align='right'>620</td><td align='right'>707</td><td align='right'>756</td><td align='right'>744</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cooke</td><td align='right'>743</td><td align='right'>196</td><td align='right'>867</td><td align='right'>383</td><td align='right'>929</td><td align='right'>422</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Grainger</td><td align='right'>852</td><td align='right'>477</td><td align='right'>998</td><td align='right'>767</td><td align='right'>1327</td><td align='right'>621</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Greene</td><td align='right'>780</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>902</td><td align='right'>1915</td><td align='right'>989</td><td align='right'>1985</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hawkins</td><td align='right'>778</td><td align='right'>831</td><td align='right'>805</td><td align='right'>1180</td><td align='right'>887</td><td align='right'>1158</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hamilton</td><td align='right'>774</td><td align='right'>648</td><td align='right'>786</td><td align='right'>972</td><td align='right'>966</td><td align='right'>1044</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hancock</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>336</td><td align='right'>221</td><td align='right'>532</td><td align='right'>264</td><td align='right'>589</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Jefferson</td><td align='right'>1168</td><td align='right'>307</td><td align='right'>1396</td><td align='right'>639</td><td align='right'>1697</td><td align='right'>444</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Johnson</td><td align='right'>365</td><td align='right'>93</td><td align='right'>392</td><td align='right'>184</td><td align='right'>400</td><td align='right'>215</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Knox</td><td align='right'>1863</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>2279</td><td align='right'>770</td><td align='right'>2560</td><td align='right'>695</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>McMinn</td><td align='right'>796</td><td align='right'>866</td><td align='right'>799</td><td align='right'>965</td><td align='right'>909</td><td align='right'>953</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Meigs</td><td align='right'>141</td><td align='right'>442</td><td align='right'>118</td><td align='right'>561</td><td align='right'>97</td><td align='right'>588</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Marion</td><td align='right'>453</td><td align='right'>292</td><td align='right'>476</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>554</td><td align='right'>468</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Monroe</td><td align='right'>805</td><td align='right'>847</td><td align='right'>739</td><td align='right'>900</td><td align='right'>851</td><td align='right'>1005</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Morgan</td><td align='right'>240</td><td align='right'>222</td><td align='right'>229</td><td align='right'>260</td><td align='right'>219</td><td align='right'>358</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Polk</td><td align='right'>272</td><td align='right'>470</td><td align='right'>249</td><td align='right'>527</td><td align='right'>385</td><td align='right'>676</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rhea</td><td align='right'>300</td><td align='right'>307</td><td align='right'>270</td><td align='right'>358</td><td align='right'>298</td><td align='right'>415</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Roane</td><td align='right'>820</td><td align='right'>678</td><td align='right'>912</td><td align='right'>755</td><td align='right'>1002</td><td align='right'>769</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sevier</td><td align='right'>621</td><td align='right'>80</td><td align='right'>824</td><td align='right'>133</td><td align='right'>964</td><td align='right'>120</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scott</td><td align='right'>199</td><td align='right'>127</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>121</td><td align='right'>259</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sullivan</td><td align='right'>260</td><td align='right'>1114</td><td align='right'>361</td><td align='right'>1407</td><td align='right'>601</td><td align='right'>1403</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Washington</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>853</td><td align='right'>967</td><td align='right'>1069</td><td align='right'>847</td><td align='right'>1338</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>19,298</td><td align='right'>18,763</td><td align='right'>21,787</td><td align='right'>19,394</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p>
+<h4>MIDDLE TENNESSEE.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Bedford</td><td align='right'>1390</td><td align='right'>1356</td><td align='right'>1359</td><td align='right'>1257</td><td align='right'>1630</td><td align='right'>1293</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Cannon</td><td align='right'>453</td><td align='right'>727</td><td align='right'>445</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>458</td><td align='right'>859</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Coffee</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>722</td><td align='right'>274</td><td align='right'>824</td><td align='right'>294</td><td align='right'>880</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Davidson</td><td align='right'>2617</td><td align='right'>2058</td><td align='right'>2597</td><td align='right'>1963</td><td align='right'>3132</td><td align='right'>1783</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>De Kalb</td><td align='right'>559</td><td align='right'>588</td><td align='right'>632</td><td align='right'>610</td><td align='right'>560</td><td align='right'>738</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dickson</td><td align='right'>323</td><td align='right'>607</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>743</td><td align='right'>388</td><td align='right'>745</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fentress</td><td align='right'>153</td><td align='right'>411</td><td align='right'>166</td><td align='right'>504</td><td align='right'>129</td><td align='right'>616</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Franklin</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>1133</td><td align='right'>356</td><td align='right'>1224</td><td align='right'>394</td><td align='right'>1302</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Giles</td><td align='right'>1303</td><td align='right'>1447</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>1468</td><td align='right'>1312</td><td align='right'>1439</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Grundy</td><td align='right'>44</td><td align='right'>327</td><td align='right'>58</td><td align='right'>374</td><td align='right'>22</td><td align='right'>425</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hardin</td><td align='right'>643</td><td align='right'>808</td><td align='right'>671</td><td align='right'>827</td><td align='right'>745</td><td align='right'>775</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hickman</td><td align='right'>241</td><td align='right'>839</td><td align='right'>263</td><td align='right'>812</td><td align='right'>223</td><td align='right'>1053</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Humphreys</td><td align='right'>263</td><td align='right'>471</td><td align='right'>341</td><td align='right'>501</td><td align='right'>354</td><td align='right'>543</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Jackson</td><td align='right'>1170</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>1154</td><td align='right'>995</td><td align='right'>1122</td><td align='right'>1131</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lawrence</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>583</td><td align='right'>523</td><td align='right'>731</td><td align='right'>524</td><td align='right'>845</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lewis</td><td align='right'>43</td><td align='right'>186</td><td align='right'>66</td><td align='right'>182</td><td align='right'>34</td><td align='right'>243</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lincoln</td><td align='right'>606</td><td align='right'>2297</td><td align='right'>617</td><td align='right'>2322</td><td align='right'>402</td><td align='right'>2521</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maury</td><td align='right'>1324</td><td align='right'>1799</td><td align='right'>1238</td><td align='right'>1731</td><td align='right'>1444</td><td align='right'>1793</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Montgomery</td><td align='right'>1260</td><td align='right'>993</td><td align='right'>1309</td><td align='right'>1004</td><td align='right'>1502</td><td align='right'>881</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Marshall</td><td align='right'>666</td><td align='right'>1340</td><td align='right'>671</td><td align='right'>1282</td><td align='right'>678</td><td align='right'>1310</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Macon</td><td align='right'>617</td><td align='right'>374</td><td align='right'>553</td><td align='right'>341</td><td align='right'>540</td><td align='right'>424</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Overton</td><td align='right'>345</td><td align='right'>1039</td><td align='right'>431</td><td align='right'>1282</td><td align='right'>290</td><td align='right'>1528</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Robertson</td><td align='right'>1013</td><td align='right'>769</td><td align='right'>1183</td><td align='right'>763</td><td align='right'>1256</td><td align='right'>804</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Rutherford</td><td align='right'>1495</td><td align='right'>1313</td><td align='right'>1407</td><td align='right'>1243</td><td align='right'>1435</td><td align='right'>1288</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Smith</td><td align='right'>1742</td><td align='right'>520</td><td align='right'>1735</td><td align='right'>546</td><td align='right'>1572</td><td align='right'>644</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Stewart</td><td align='right'>533</td><td align='right'>725</td><td align='right'>479</td><td align='right'>718</td><td align='right'>563</td><td align='right'>785</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Sumner</td><td align='right'>825</td><td align='right'>1563</td><td align='right'>806</td><td align='right'>1425</td><td align='right'>780</td><td align='right'>1740</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Van Buren</td><td align='right'>107</td><td align='right'>165</td><td align='right'>110</td><td align='right'>205</td><td align='right'>90</td><td align='right'>228</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Warren</td><td align='right'>344</td><td align='right'>922</td><td align='right'>402</td><td align='right'>1093</td><td align='right'>393</td><td align='right'>1153</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wayne</td><td align='right'>666</td><td align='right'>380</td><td align='right'>709</td><td align='right'>430</td><td align='right'>687</td><td align='right'>535</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>White</td><td align='right'>949</td><td align='right'>518</td><td align='right'>974</td><td align='right'>634</td><td align='right'>978</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Williamson</td><td align='right'>1583</td><td align='right'>763</td><td align='right'>1502</td><td align='right'>710</td><td align='right'>1621</td><td align='right'>688</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Wilson</td><td align='right'>2248</td><td align='right'>923</td><td align='right'>2241</td><td align='right'>995</td><td align='right'>2290</td><td align='right'>937</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>26,930</td><td align='right'>30,550</td><td align='right'>27,842</td><td align='right'>32,623</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<h4>WEST TENNESSEE.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>Counties.</td><td align='left'>Scott.</td><td align='left'>Pierce.</td><td align='left'>Henry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td><td align='left'>Gentry.</td><td align='left'>Johnson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Benton</td><td align='right'>340</td><td align='right'>485</td><td align='right'>393</td><td align='right'>465</td><td align='right'>475</td><td align='right'>453</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Carroll</td><td align='right'>1498</td><td align='right'>649</td><td align='right'>1469</td><td align='right'>663</td><td align='right'>1567</td><td align='right'>694</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Decatur</td><td align='right'>400</td><td align='right'>315</td><td align='right'>408</td><td align='right'>285</td><td align='right'>353</td><td align='right'>429</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Dyer</td><td align='right'>508</td><td align='right'>411</td><td align='right'>476</td><td align='right'>373</td><td align='right'>442</td><td align='right'>483</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Fayette</td><td align='right'>1006</td><td align='right'>1034</td><td align='right'>1011</td><td align='right'>1006</td><td align='right'>1151</td><td align='right'>940</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Gibson</td><td align='right'>1570</td><td align='right'>901</td><td align='right'>1514</td><td align='right'>1024</td><td align='right'>1618</td><td align='right'>1213</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Hardeman</td><td align='right'>717</td><td align='right'>1024</td><td align='right'>651</td><td align='right'>1025</td><td align='right'>619</td><td align='right'>1123</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Henderson</td><td align='right'>1193</td><td align='right'>511</td><td align='right'>1301</td><td align='right'>593</td><td align='right'>1230</td><td align='right'>734</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Henry</td><td align='right'>899</td><td align='right'>1516</td><td align='right'>891</td><td align='right'>1496</td><td align='right'>871</td><td align='right'>1738</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Haywood</td><td align='right'>790</td><td align='right'>732</td><td align='right'>726</td><td align='right'>785</td><td align='right'>803</td><td align='right'>762</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Lauderdale</td><td align='right'>330</td><td align='right'>277</td><td align='right'>319</td><td align='right'>252</td><td align='right'>354</td><td align='right'>297</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>McNairy</td><td align='right'>921</td><td align='right'>872</td><td align='right'>1016</td><td align='right'>984</td><td align='right'>915</td><td align='right'>1059</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Madison</td><td align='right'>1426</td><td align='right'>819</td><td align='right'>1261</td><td align='right'>795</td><td align='right'>1448</td><td align='right'>788</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Obion</td><td align='right'>431</td><td align='right'>644</td><td align='right'>547</td><td align='right'>792</td><td align='right'>407</td><td align='right'>865</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Perry</td><td align='right'>325</td><td align='right'>314</td><td align='right'>387</td><td align='right'>329</td><td align='right'>320</td><td align='right'>450</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Shelby</td><td align='right'>1824</td><td align='right'>1628</td><td align='right'>1545</td><td align='right'>1435</td><td align='right'>1831</td><td align='right'>1477</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Tipton</td><td align='right'>357</td><td align='right'>565</td><td align='right'>284</td><td align='right'>527</td><td align='right'>424</td><td align='right'>566</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Weakley</td><td align='right'>783</td><td align='right'>1149</td><td align='right'>733</td><td align='right'>1279</td><td align='right'>885</td><td align='right'>1411</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>58,802</td><td align='right'>57,123</td><td align='right'>14,932</td><td align='right'>14,108</td><td align='right'>15,713</td><td align='right'>15,482</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>57,123</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Scott's majority,</td><td align='right'>1,679</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;East Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>19,298</td><td align='right'>18,763</td><td align='right'>21,787</td><td align='right'>19,394</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Middle Tennessee,</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>26,930</td><td align='right'>30,550</td><td align='right'>27,842</td><td align='right'>32,623</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>61,160</td><td align='right'>63,421</td><td align='right'>65,342</td><td align='right'>67,499</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>61,160</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>65,342</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='right'></td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Johnson's majority</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>2,261</td><td align='right'>&nbsp;</td><td align='right'>2,157</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<h4><i>Fillmore and Donelson Electoral Ticket.</i></h4>
+
+<p>As a matter of reference, and that none may mistake the American Ticket
+on the day of the election, we give it as agreed upon and matured by our
+party:</p>
+
+
+<h4>FOR THE STATE.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>HON. NEILL S. BROWN, of Davidson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>HORACE MAYNARD, of Knox.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<h4>FOR THE DISTRICTS.</h4>
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>1st</td><td align='left'>District&mdash;</td><td align='left'>N. G. TAYLOR, of Carter.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>2d</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>MOSES WHITE, of Knox.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>3d</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>REESE B. BRABSON, of Hamilton.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>4th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>W. P. HICKERSON, of Coffee.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>5th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>ROBERT HATTON, of Wilson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>6th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>W. H. WISENER, of Bedford.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>7th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>C. C. CROWE, of Giles.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>8th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>J. M. QUARLES, of Montgomery.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>9th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>ISAAC R. HAWKINS, of Carroll.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>10th</td><td align='center'>"</td><td align='left'>JOSEPH R. MOSBY, of Fayette.</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<p>This is an able ticket, and greatly superior to the opposing ticket, as
+our readers will bear us witness when they hear the parties in debate.
+Most of these gentlemen have consented to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> serve on the ticket at great
+personal sacrifices; and like their chief, Mr. <span class="smcap">Fillmore</span>, they have
+undertaken to serve their party and country "without waiting to inquire
+of its prospects of success or defeat." And all the reward they seek is
+to be able to conduct the struggle to a victorious consummation in
+Tennessee, and this we feel confident they will do. The battle in
+Tennessee will be hotly contested, but it is by no means doubtful.
+Tennessee for the last twenty years, and in five preceding presidential
+contests, has refused to range herself under the black banner of
+Locofocoism; and now that that banner is doubly infamous by being raised
+and cheered by Catholics, foreigners, and paupers of every clime, it is
+fair to presume she will spurn the flag!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE BLACK REPUBLICAN NOMINEES.</h2>
+
+
+<p>The Black Republican Party, in their recent Convention at Philadelphia,
+have nominated <span class="smcap">John Charles Fremont</span>, of California, for the Presidency,
+and Ex-Senator <span class="smcap">William L. Dayton</span>, of New Jersey, for the Vice
+Presidency!</p>
+
+<p>This man Fremont is no statesman&mdash;has no experience in political
+life&mdash;has not the first qualification for this eminent and responsible
+station&mdash;and his nomination has not been made upon any plausible pretext
+whatever. He is an Engineer by profession&mdash;once penetrated with his
+companions to the Pacific coast, across the Rocky Mountains&mdash;is the
+son-in-law of <i>Tom Benton</i>&mdash;is a Free Trade Locofoco, and an avowed Free
+Soiler.</p>
+
+<p>The following letter addressed by Fremont to the great Tabernacle
+Abolition meeting in New York, last spring, is full and explicit, and
+defines his position on the slavery question:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">New York</span>, April 29, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Gentlemen</span>: I have to thank you for the honor of an invitation
+to a meeting this evening at the Broadway Tabernacle, and
+regret that other engagements have interfered to prevent my
+being present.</p>
+
+<p>"I heartily concur in all movements which have for their object
+'to repair the mischiefs arising from the violation of good
+faith in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise.' I am opposed
+to slavery in the abstract and upon principle, sustained and
+made habitual by long-settled convictions.</p>
+
+<p>"While I feel inflexible in the belief that it ought not to be
+interfered with where it exists under the shield of State
+sovereignty, I am as inflexibly opposed to its extension on
+this continent beyond its present limits.</p>
+
+<p>"With the assurance of regard for yourselves,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"I am very respectfully yours,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"J. C. FREMONT."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"Messrs. J. D. Morgan and others."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In addition to this, Fremont is the representative of <i>aggression</i>: he
+is a <i>Filibuster</i>, and the exponent of a civilization above all
+constitutions, and all laws. The fact that Seward, Chase, Giddings, and
+such men&mdash;able anti-slavery men, and experienced politicians, were
+passed over, is proof that they were not governed by <i>principle</i>, but
+seek to shift the issue, and to make it personal and sectional. Take
+into the account, moreover, the fact that Dayton,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> a man of moderate
+talents, is a sort of <i>Protective Tariff Locofoco</i>, the advocate of
+Foreign Pauper labor, and the largest liberty for <i>Catholics</i>, and it
+gives to the ticket a considerable degree of interest.</p>
+
+<p>The leading men in the Convention were reckless and unprincipled
+demagogues, of the Locofoco school of politics, including the British
+Free Trade policy, Filibusterism, etc., whose only aim is place and
+plunder. Their Free-soil principles, outside of their radical purposes,
+are scarcely skin deep!</p>
+
+<p>By many well-informed men, no doubts are entertained now, that the
+nomination of Fremont and Dayton has been the result of an intrigue
+between Seward and Archbishop Hughes; and from a resolution of their
+platform, as reported by the Committee on Resolutions, we attach credit
+to this inference. It will bring the Buchanan party at the North to
+terms, as they are likely to be the only sufferers from this ticket. It
+will be managed in future alone with an eye to the <i>aid</i> of Buchanan!</p>
+
+<p>We take the following notice of Fremont from the Charleston (S. C.)
+Standard, and consider it every way reliable:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Mr. Fremont will be destined to play a distinguished part in
+the drama, and his history and character therefore will,
+doubtless, become subjects of considerable importance. He is
+generally regarded as a native of Charleston, but of this we
+have occasion to doubt. Many gentlemen here, who knew him in
+early life, concur in saying that he was born in Savannah. Up
+to within a short time prior to his birth, his mother was a
+resident of Norfolk, in Virginia, and it is generally asserted
+that his parents resided in Savannah before they became settled
+in Charleston; however this may have been, it is at least
+conceded that he first came into notice in this city. His
+prospects here were not particularly promising, but he
+attracted the attention of some philanthropic gentlemen, who
+provided the means for his entrance and instruction in the
+Charleston College. His progress there was not remarkable, and
+when his class graduated he was not considered entitled to a
+diploma. He was afterwards recommended as a proper person to
+take charge of the night-school of the Apprentices' Library
+Association; but, though his attainments were sufficient, and
+his address particularly acceptable to the Directors of that
+Institution, he was not as attentive as he might have been, and
+the school fell through. He afterwards procured, through Mr.
+Poinsett, a situation as instructor of junior officers on board
+a vessel of war bound to the Pacific, and in this condition is
+said to have acquitted himself well. He afterwards acquired
+some knowledge of civil engineering, and filling unimportant
+positions in connection with one and another public work, was
+at length brought to notice and distinction by his connection
+with Mr. Nicholet in his Survey of the Mississippi Valley, and
+from that marched steadily on to the Rocky Mountains, and a
+renown that has placed his name before the country.</p>
+
+<p>"From the records of his early life, it would seem that he had
+talent, and was quite addicted to naval reading, but was
+wayward, and if not indolent, was inefficient in the tasks
+undertaken at the instance of other people, and up to the time
+of his entrance upon his duties as instructor in the naval
+school, had hardly made up his mind whether he would be a man
+of character or a blackguard. He was fond of dress, however,
+and the records of the court still show that he wore a suit of
+clothes which he was afterwards compelled to declare<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> on oath
+his inability to pay for, in order to avoid inconvenient
+restrictions upon his personal liberty; but chance gave a
+proper direction to his abilities; he had the latent energy of
+character to act up to his opportunities, and he has really
+presented a career which any one might regard with
+satisfaction. It is certainly to be regretted that he should
+lend himself to the uses of a party so reckless and subversive,
+not only of the Union but of the rights of that section to
+which, if capable of sentiments of patriotism, he might be
+supposed to feel attachment; but the prospect of the Presidency
+would be a sore trial to the probity of most men, and we find
+nothing in the antecedents of Mr. Fremont to cause a feeling of
+disappointment that he should yield to the allurements of
+power.</p>
+
+<p>"He is commended for his attentions to his mother, and they
+were certainly exemplary. She was poor, and after he determined
+to behave himself and work like a man, he made her as entirely
+comfortable as there was the reason to believe his
+circumstances permitted."</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Postscript</span>.&mdash;Mr. Fremont turns out to be a Roman Catholic, and to have
+been raised one, and this explains the readiness of Bishop Hughes to
+abandon Buchanan, and go over to Fremont. It also explains why it is
+that so many <i>German Catholic papers</i> are coming out for Fremont, in the
+large cities, and in the North-Western States.</p>
+
+<p>In 1850, Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, for the space
+of about three months, and during that time sought to introduce a
+Catholic Priest to open their services with prayers, and was successful
+to some extent. He also attended service at the Catholic Church. The
+<i>Washington Star</i>, of the 19th June, 1856, gives the following
+exposition of facts, in reference to Fremont and his religion:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">A sort of a Catholic</span>.&mdash;We take it for granted that among the
+informal pledges extracted by delegations in George Law's
+Convention, from Col. Fremont, there was not one against the
+Catholic Church; insomuch as, up to the recent birth of his
+aspirations for the Presidency, he always passed in Washington
+for a good enough outside Roman Catholic; that being the Church
+in which he was reared. He was married in this city, it will be
+remembered, by Father Van Horseigh, a clergyman of his
+Church&mdash;not of that of his wife's family."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Republicans sought to incorporate into their platform a plank in
+opposition to the <i>Religious Proscription</i> of the American party, so as
+to suit the taste of Romanists generally; but Thaddeus Stevens, who
+knows Pennsylvania as well as any man living, implored them not to do
+so, and stated that such a course, with Fremont as their nominee, would
+lose them Pennsylvania by 50,000 votes!</p>
+
+<p>It turns out, however, that Fremont, as the anti-American,
+anti-Protestant candidate, with Mr. Dayton on the ticket, equally
+anti-American, and devoted to Romanism, will sweep the Catholic vote in
+the United States. Catholics may favor Buchanan in such Southern States
+as do not run a Fremont ticket, but in all the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> Northern and
+North-Western States, the Fremont ticket will ruin the Buchanan ticket.</p>
+
+<p>This question, taken in connection with the Slavery issue, and the
+Filibustering issue, narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore
+and Fremont. Buchanan is defeated, and the Southern fire-eaters see and
+feel it! The <i>Atlanta</i> (Ga.) <i>Intelligencer</i> comes out and states, that
+if Buchanan can't be elected, it prefers Fremont to Fillmore! And the
+South Carolina and Mississippi Disunionists openly avow, that they wish
+this to be the last contest of the kind. They are for Buchanan or
+Fremont, over Fillmore, because they believe the election of either will
+have the glorious effect to bring about a dissolution of the Union! In
+the same breath they admit that Fillmore will labor to perpetuate the
+Union, and that his election will have the effect to prolong its
+existence a few brief years!</p>
+
+<p>Southern men, and Northern men, Union men, and national, conservative
+men, of all parties, can now see <i>where</i> we are driving to, and <i>who</i>
+they should support for the Presidency. Let them guard against these
+demons of Popery&mdash;these incarnate fiends of the Free Soil faith&mdash;these
+fanatics of a sectional cast&mdash;these slimy vultures of Secession&mdash;these
+bogus Democrats&mdash;and these infinitely infernal traitors to the
+Constitution and the Union!</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Col. Fremont was educated in and graduated from St. Mary's
+College, in Baltimore, a Roman Catholic Institution. He was
+brought up in the Catholic Faith, and is a Catholic. He married
+a daughter of Col. Benton. Miss Benton was a Presbyterian. They
+were married by a clergyman of that denomination; but a
+Catholic priest made a fuss about it as being null, void, and
+heretical, and the ceremony was re-performed by him!"&mdash;<i>Auburn
+American.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>The <i>American</i> might have added, that Fremont is the son of a <i>Catholic
+Frenchman</i>, the son of a <i>Catholic mother</i>, and was reared under
+Catholic influence. Nay, Fremont educates his children at the Roman
+Catholic Institution at Georgetown, in the District of Columbia! The
+placing of such a candidate before the public, seems especially designed
+to defy public sentiment, and mock the Protestant American feeling of
+the country! We had expected the Catholics, with Bishop Hughes at their
+head, in a few years more, to come out openly, and run a Catholic for
+the Presidency, but we had not supposed them bold enough to attempt it
+in 1856. To show beyond all doubt that the nomination of Fremont was the
+result of a coalition between Seward and Hughes, more in reference to
+the <i>Catholic question</i> than the <i>Slavery issue</i>, we present the record
+of Fremont in the United States Senate&mdash;his <i>ultra-Pro-Slavery
+course</i>&mdash;his voting against justice to the Colonization Society, and
+<i>seven hundred and fifty</i> captured slaves&mdash;his opposition to the
+abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h4>HE IS EXTREME SOUTHERN AND PRO-SLAVERY.</h4>
+
+<p>John C. Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, in 1850, for
+the space of a few months. During that time he made no speeches; indeed,
+he has scarcely ever been known to utter any sentiments, or sanction any
+opinions. Yet his votes, as a member of the Senate, did make for him a
+record; and it is this record that will stare him in the face as long as
+he lives&mdash;a record in direct conflict with his present professions and
+position before the country:</p>
+
+<h4>LOOK AT IT!&mdash;JOHN C. FREMONT'S STATESMANSHIP.</h4>
+
+<h5>[From the Congressional Globe&mdash;Vol. 21, part 2d, p. 1803, etc.]</h5>
+<div class="blockquot"><p>
+"<span class="smcap">In Senate of United States</span>, Sept. 11, 1850.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Underwood, of Kentucky, called up the bill for the relief
+of the American Colonization Society. The slaves that were
+recaptured on the barque Pons were turned over to the
+Colonization Society, by the authority of the United States,
+sent to Liberia, and there kept at the expense of the society
+for one or two years. Most of them were children of twelve,
+fifteen, and sixteen years of age. The society thinks that the
+expense of feeding, clothing, and educating these people, which
+was thus devolved on them by the action of the Government,
+ought to be repaid them. It was certainly an expense incurred
+by the society, through the action of the Government in
+throwing these young negroes upon them for maintenance, instead
+of taking them, as the Government was bound to do by law, and
+providing for them. That is the nature of the claim. They
+simply ask that so much shall be paid them as the society, from
+its own experience, pays in reference to its own emigrants. The
+claim was reported upon favorably two years ago. A similar
+report has again been made; and as the necessities of the
+society require that they should have the money, I hope, said
+Mr. U., the Senate will consent to take up the bill. The Senate
+agreed to take up the bill, and proceeded to consider it as in
+Committee of the Whole.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Turney asked for the reading of the report of the
+Committee.</p>
+
+<p>"The Secretary read the report accordingly. It sets forth that
+a liberal construction of the act of Congress of March 3d,
+1819, would require that the Government should provide for the
+support of these recaptured Africans, for a reasonable time
+after they had been landed in Liberia, and that it is beneath
+the dignity of the Government to devolve this duty upon the
+society. The petition of the executive committee of the society
+which the Committee incorporated in their report, states that
+on the 16th of December, 1845, the United States Ship Yorktown,
+Commodore Bell, landed at Monrovia, in Liberia, from the slaver
+Pons, seven hundred and fifty recaptured Africans, in a naked,
+starving, and dying condition, all of them excepting twenty-one
+being under the age of twenty-one. The United States made no
+provision for their support after they were landed....</p>
+
+<p>"The services of providing for the destitute negroes were not
+required to be performed by the society under their
+constitution, but the alternative was to leave these recaptured
+Africans to starve and die, and the society therefore
+cheerfully took charge of them, relying upon the Government of
+the United States to refund the cost to them."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The question was discussed at length as to whether the United States
+would pay these just and legal demands; and on the vote being taken for
+the engrossment of the bill to a third reading, Mr. Fremont's name is
+found recorded in the negative&mdash;as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Yeas</span>&mdash;Messrs. Badger, Baldwin, Bell, Chase, Clayton, Davis of
+Mass., DAYTON, Dodge of Wis., Dodge of Iowa, Douglass, Ewing,
+Felch, Greene, Hale, Hamlin, Jones, Mangum, Pearce, Pratt,
+Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon, Underwood, Wales,
+Walker, Whitcomb, and Winthrop&mdash;29.</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Nays</span>&mdash;Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Benton, Butler, Dawson,
+Dickinson, Downs, FREMONT, Hunter, King, Mason, Rusk,
+Sebastian, Soule, Turner, and Yulee&mdash;16."</p></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Look Again</span>!&mdash;On the 18th day of September, 1850, the bill to prevent
+persons from enticing away slaves from the District of Columbia was
+under consideration, and John P. Hale "moved that it be committed to the
+Committee on the District of Columbia, with instructions <i>to so amend it
+as to</i> ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA." On the vote being
+taken, FREMONT'S name was recorded in the NEGATIVE. (See Cong. Globe,
+31st Congress, part 2, p. 1859.)</p>
+
+<p>Such is Mr. Fremont's <i>record of Statesmanship</i>. It shows his nomination
+by the "<i>Republicans</i>" to have been a hollow mockery&mdash;"a dishonest
+farce,"&mdash;an insult to the intelligence of the American people.</p>
+
+<p>We shall hereafter pursue the record of this "remarkable man."</p>
+
+<p>Bishop Hughes and Wm. H. Seward have been, for years, intimate personal
+and political friends. It is a part of the political history of New
+York, that Seward is alone indebted to Hughes for his reelection to the
+United States Senate. They are both now united in the support of
+Fremont, and they procured his nomination over Judge McLean, a pure and
+patriotic man&mdash;for many years a <i>Methodist Class-Leader</i>, and an officer
+of a <i>Protestant Bible Society</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The coalition between Hughes, Seward and Fremont, is complete, and the
+evidence of the foul coalition and conspiracy will appear in full, in a
+few days, but not in time for us to get it into this work. We are right
+glad of it, as it narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore and
+Fremont, and especially at the North.</p>
+
+<p>In some of the Northern States, it is now conclusive that a <i>Buchanan</i>
+ticket will not be run, while in every Northern State where such a
+ticket is run, it will be with no hope of success! Hughes and Seward
+will induce several States to drop Buchanan, and unite on Fremont, by
+<i>bargaining</i> with them, and obligating themselves to give the Democracy
+half of the spoils. Already several <i>Southern</i> Democratic papers are
+saying, that if they can't elect Buchanan, they prefer Fremont to
+Fillmore! This ought to open the eyes of all true patriots.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p>
+<h2>OLD LINE WHIGS, AND THE MOTIVES GOVERNING SOME OF THEM!</h2>
+
+
+<p>In this free country of ours, gentlemen have a right to support any
+Presidential or other ticket they may choose to support; and where they
+are governed by pure motives in differing from a majority of their
+neighbors and old political associates, no one has a right to complain.</p>
+
+<p>Some few gentlemen, known as "Old Line Whigs," will not come into the
+support of the American ticket, but will even support the Democratic
+ticket; and do it from an honest (though mistaken) belief that they can
+most effectually serve the interests of the country by this course. With
+such, we shall be the last man to raise a quarrel&mdash;claiming the right to
+do as we please in matters of the sort. But there are some men in the
+ranks of the enemy now, who are governed by very different motives; and
+as these are quoted against the American party, or, as their refusal to
+act with the party is a matter of <i>boasting</i> in the Democratic ranks, it
+is due to the cause of truth, and of the country, that they should be
+understood, that their efforts may be <i>appreciated</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Without intending to be tedious, we name <span class="smcap">James C. Jones</span>, of Tennessee,
+as at the head of the list of <i>Old Liners</i>, whose devotion to the
+<i>South</i>, and love of <i>liberty</i>, prevent him from supporting Fillmore and
+Donelson. This is the veriest <i>stuff</i> in the political world! Gov. Jones
+cannot excuse the matter of his opposition to Millard Fillmore upon the
+grounds he rests the case, in his Circular addressed to his
+constituents. The true secret of the matter must come to light, that old
+Whigs and new Whigs, Americans and Democrats, may appreciate his
+motives.</p>
+
+<p>Last fall, at the Fair in Jackson, in West Tennessee, in the house and
+at the bedside of <span class="smcap">Andrew Guthrie</span>, on being inquired of as to his future
+course, the Governor became very much excited, and roundly asserted,
+that if the American party nominated <i>Fillmore</i>, he should go against
+him. [**hand pointing right ==>]<i>Because Fillmore, in his appointment of
+persons to office in Tennessee, did not consult him, but in many cases
+appointed his personal enemies!</i> Mark, he did not pause to inquire <i>who</i>
+might be the opposing candidate to Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> Fillmore. He was not then, as he
+is not now, governed by any <i>principle</i> in the matter, but by <i>passion</i>.
+He is <i>against Mr. Fillmore</i>, under all circumstances, no matter who may
+oppose him! And why? Because Mr. Fillmore did not suffer him to put his
+numerous <i>active friends</i> into fat offices under the General Government;
+to many of whom he had made pledges while he was struggling for a seat
+in the United States Senate&mdash;where he ought never to have gone, and
+where the better portion of those who aided in his election now regret
+having sent him!</p>
+
+<p>But it is true, Fillmore and his Cabinet did refuse the extravagant
+demands made for office by the Governor; and in no single instance did
+they appoint men to office from Tennessee without consultation with
+<span class="smcap">Bell, Gentry</span>, and <span class="smcap">Williams</span>; all three of whom were offensive to <i>Jones</i>.
+They had proven themselves to be worthy of consultation; the Governor
+had not! This accounts, moreover, for the efforts of Jones at Baltimore
+to defeat the nomination of Fillmore, and to procure the nomination of
+Scott&mdash;efforts which, unfortunately for the country, were but too
+successful!</p>
+
+<p>When the American party was organized in Tennessee, <span class="smcap">Jones</span> had no
+objection to the creed, and would have fallen into the ranks, but then
+he beheld <i>Gentry</i> and <i>Brownlow</i> in the party&mdash;men whom he despised
+above all others. He tried to prevent the nomination of Gentry for
+Governor by letter-writing, and by seeking to get up a <i>Whig</i>
+Convention. Failing in these schemes, he threw himself into the arena,
+and <i>secretly</i> damaged Gentry all he could, and played into the hands of
+Johnson, who was only elected by a majority of some <i>two thousand
+votes</i>!</p>
+
+<p>We are not informed as to the course Gov. Jones will pursue in this
+contest, further than this, he will go against Fillmore. We predict that
+he will support Buchanan. <i>Pride of character</i> may keep him from it&mdash;if
+he have any of that commodity left, after his five years' residence at
+Washington! The platform upon which Buchanan has been placed by the
+Cincinnati Convention, is a reiteration of violent and undying hostility
+to every measure of public policy that was advocated by <span class="smcap">Henry Clay</span> and
+the Old Whig party. Jones still <i>professes</i> an equally undying devotion
+to Clay and his principles. Moreover, Jones has, on every stump in
+Tennessee, held up Buchanan as a <i>rank old Federalist</i>, a Pennsylvania
+<i>Abolitionist</i>, and as the <i>wicked traducer</i>, <i>violent calumniator</i>, and
+<i>malignant persecutor</i> of Henry Clay&mdash;even attributing his promotion to
+the Secretaryship of State, by Mr. Polk, to his <i>infamous agency</i> in
+fastening upon Mr. Clay the foul charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption." We confess that we are at a loss to see how Jones can fall
+into the support of Buchanan. The <i>nomination</i> of the man is a direct
+insult to Old Clay Whigs!<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Albert G. Watkins</span>, the Representative in Congress from the First
+Congressional District of Tennessee, has gone over to Democracy, placing
+his change upon the ground of his <i>great concern for the South</i>! We take
+it that he will support Buchanan without hesitancy. This would place
+Watkins before the country in his true colors, and reflect the likeness
+of the man with <i>daguerreotype</i> accuracy!! With such a platform, and
+such a candidate on it, Watkins would have the appearance of a man
+walking in one direction, with his head turned completely around, and
+his face looking the other way! The incongruity of the platform, and the
+peculiar reputation of Buchanan for political inconsistency, are alike
+adapted to the history and incidents of Watkins's late canvass for
+Congress! The plain truth is, that the man so completely destroyed
+himself, and was so ruinously exposed by his competitor, <span class="smcap">Col. Taylor</span>,
+whom he beat only some two hundred votes, (and that by means that make
+his seat in Congress one of <i>thorns</i>,) that he could but go over to
+Locofocoism. And although he has, in former days, held up Buchanan on
+the stump as an old Federalist, and as the reviler and persecutor of
+Henry Clay, he can advocate him now with a better grace than he can look
+his Know Nothing constituents in the face! We cannot say of this man as
+Pope said of Craggs:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Broke no promise, served no private end,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gained no title, and who lost no friend."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William G. Swan</span>, of Knoxville, is next on the list of "Old Line Whigs"
+who have gone over to the Foreign Catholic Democratic party, and of
+whose conversion the Democrats at a distance boast. Here they do not
+brag; but on the other hand, some of the leaders, whose names we can
+supply, authorize us to state that they do not want him, and will not
+receive him. This man was twice beaten for the Legislature in this
+county&mdash;never elected by the people to any position outside of
+Knoxville&mdash;and became soured at the Whig party. He went for <i>Johnson and
+Sag Nichtism</i> last summer, and his loss is not regretted by the American
+party in this county.</p>
+
+<p>But <span class="smcap">John H. Crozier</span>, of Knoxville, has gone over to "Old Buck" and his
+admirers; and this is claimed as a change! This little man, <i>supremely
+selfish</i>, was turned out of Congress five years ago, by <span class="smcap">Josiah M.
+Anderson</span>, with the people at his back, for <i>taking too much mileage</i>, by
+several hundred dollars per session, for four years! He afterwards
+desired the Whig party to run him for Governor; but they were not
+willing to undertake the <i>load</i>. He became soured, and last summer paid
+a visit to some of the counties below, to avoid, as was believed, voting
+for Gentry for Governor, and Sneed for Congress. He was formerly very
+bitter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> in his opposition to Democracy; and on many a stump has he
+denounced <i>Buchanan</i>, and all others concerned in the "bargain and
+intrigue" slander of Clay, besides holding up "Buck" as a Blue-light
+Federalist! At a recent Buchanan Ratification meeting in Knoxville, he
+made a bitter speech against the American party!</p>
+
+<p>These two men, Swan and Crozier, were active in getting up an
+organization against us, in 1849, by heading a company which purchased
+the "<i>Register Establishment</i>," of this city, at the head of which they
+placed one <i>john miller m'kee</i>, behind whom they and others concealed
+themselves and wrote violent and abusive articles, through a controversy
+of two years. Driving the whole of them to the wall, as we did, in the
+controversy, they determined to <i>mob and tear down our office</i>; and with
+a view to this, those concerned deposited their <i>guns</i>, and other
+"implements of husbandry," in the law office jointly occupied by these
+two men, who have operated as <i>twin brothers</i> for several years&mdash;each
+sympathizing with the other in his political defeats! Those concerned
+were deterred from this contemplated and well-arranged assault upon our
+office, by <span class="smcap">Col. Luttrell</span>, the Comptroller of the State, and other
+gentlemen of nerve, arming themselves with shot-guns, pistols, and
+hatchets, and taking their stand at our office!</p>
+
+<p>Nothing daunted by this defeat, these <i>gallant</i> lawyers, and
+<i>generous</i>&mdash;not to say <i>brave</i>&mdash;opponents betook themselves to the
+county of Anderson, in this Judicial Circuit, and with great difficulty
+got up an indictment against us, under an old statute, forgotten by
+gentlemen of the bar, for <i>advertising a Baltimore lottery scheme</i>; when
+they themselves, and their relatives, were dealing in the <i>Art Union
+lottery</i> in this city! They were most signally defeated in that
+indictment; and, together with the two Williamses, brothers-in-law of
+Crozier, sought to drive the business men of the place, and others, from
+advertising in our paper, or subscribing for it. Failing in this, they
+sought to prevent us from getting the Government advertising under
+Fillmore's administration; and in this they failed, though this is the
+ground of their hostility to Fillmore and his Cabinet, as well as to
+John Bell, M. P. Gentry, and C. H. Williams.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Register</i> fell through&mdash;was sold under the hammer for <i>twenty-two
+hundred dollars</i>&mdash;McKee ran away&mdash;and the company have had about FIVE
+THOUSAND DOLLARS to pay for him, which hurts prodigiously! Our <span class="smcap">Whig</span> has
+steadily increased in favor with the people, and its circulation is now
+THE RISE OF FIVE THOUSAND&mdash;being the largest circulation that any
+political or other journal ever attained in East Tennessee! Indeed, no
+political weekly in Tennessee now has, or ever did have, a circulation
+equal to "<span class="smcap">Brownlow's Knoxville Whig</span>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>A young man calling himself <i>Luther Patterson</i>, has been conducting a
+foreign Sag Nicht sheet at Kingston, called the "Gazetteer," and which
+has gone by the board for the want of patronage. This little eight by
+ten sheet has been editorially, and by means of anonymous
+communications, assaulting the writer of this work, and the editor of
+the <i>Register</i>, <span class="smcap">Mr. Fleming</span>. Patterson paid a recent visit to this
+place; at which time Fleming met with him on the street, and publicly
+chastised him, applying the toe of a stiff boot to the <i>west end</i> of his
+person, with some force. Patterson turned about and boasted in his paper
+that he had the best of the fight. Our paper and Fleming's corrected
+this false version of the affair, and gave the facts; whereupon
+Patterson sued out a writ in the Circuit Court for Fleming, for damages
+done to his person in said rencontre, laying his damages at $5,000!
+Shortly after this he instituted a civil action against the publishers
+of the paper we edit, and another against us for the article we wrote
+against him; and these suits are now pending.</p>
+
+<p>These two <i>gallant</i> attorneys, as we are informed, are employed as
+counsel by Patterson&mdash;a young man who has no visible means of paying
+lawyers, but the <i>eagerness</i> of these gentlemen to get after us would
+lead them to "work for nothing and find themselves." In addition to
+their several civil suits against several of us, they have sent their
+man before the Grand Jury of Knox county, and made a presentment against
+us for having <i>out-wrote</i> their Sag Nicht editor! The object of these
+suits against the editors and publishers of the American papers here, is
+to <i>gag</i> them, or to check their influence in this contest. But they
+have mistaken their men. Like other vipers, they will find, before these
+matters end, that they bite a file&mdash;a file of good <i>American</i> steel, and
+tempered to that degree of hardness that all their malignity, intense
+and active as it is known to be, will not be able to prevail against it!</p>
+
+<p>When we came to this city of Knoxville, in 1849, we sold our office at
+Jonesborough, at private sale, to pay a <i>security debt</i>, and purchased a
+new press and materials on a credit. These we sent on to the care of
+<span class="smcap">Williams &amp; Co.</span>, the brothers-in-law of Crozier, who kept about the only
+commission and forwarding house in Knoxville. We were detained at
+Jonesborough four weeks by close confinement to our bed; and our
+materials arriving here, these "Old Line Whigs," who had always
+professed friendship toward us, refused to give them house-room; and had
+not <span class="smcap">James W. Nelson</span> and others stepped forward and paid the charges, and
+procured a house for them, the steamboat captain would have sold them
+out for the carriage!</p>
+
+<p>These <i>magnanimous</i> gentlemen, members of the learned profession of the
+law, next contrived, through certain influences they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> brought to bear,
+to turn us out of the only office we could rent in the city, and thus
+they drove us <i>without the limits of the Corporation</i>, and compelled us
+to erect a temporary office upon our own lot, which we had bought on a
+credit. They were now at the end of their row. One was a candidate for
+Congress, the other for a seat in the Legislature. We pitched into both,
+and they were both defeated; but we do not claim that it was through our
+influence. Like Cardinal Wolsey, however, they both had to bid
+"farewell, a long farewell, to all their greatness." From the pinnacle
+of Congressional and Legislative honors, they have been precipitated to
+the shades of private life, and to political obscurity. Their chief
+ambition now is, to play "fantastic tricks" in courts of justice, and
+before grand jurors, in the way of annoying those they have neither the
+<i>manliness</i> nor <i>courage</i> to call to an account upon their own hooks!</p>
+
+<p>The established usage of <i>gentlemen</i>, when offended by a newspaper
+editor, is to exact personal satisfaction. To acknowledge that you are
+personally aggrieved, and then to retort in tricks behind the offender's
+back, or words behind your privileges at the Bar, is to acknowledge that
+one is either a <i>fool</i> or a <i>coward</i>&mdash;perhaps both. A chief object in
+this crusade against us is to gag us during this campaign, and kill us
+off from the stump and the press; but they have certainly studied our
+character to but little purpose. And whatever line of policy their
+prompters and associates of the Locofoco school may urge upon them, let
+them be assured that they cannot muzzle criticism of their personal or
+political delinquencies. It is a sacred duty to unmask the <i>renegade</i>,
+to expose the <i>traitor</i>, and to hold up the <i>demagogue</i> to public
+reprobation. That duty will be performed freely and fearlessly, by the
+author of this work, come weal or come woe. If these two "Knights of the
+Rueful Countenance" kill and eat a dozen Know Nothings, we know one
+member of the Order they will not affright into silence. For their
+cowardly assaults and their officious intermeddlings they may bare their
+backs to the lash. We will be with them to the bitter end, and will only
+forsake them in the <i>Gethsemane</i> of their retreat!</p>
+
+<p>Had we come here with press and type, in 1849, and agreed to be
+controlled by these men and their particular friends, we could have been
+<i>the</i> man for the times. Had we stooped to flirt and coquette and fawn
+and dance around these men, we could have had their endorsement, their
+influence, and their money, to any reasonable extent. But we neither
+sought their friendship, nor coveted their adulations. We claim to have
+been made of such inflexible materials, as not readily to go through the
+transmutations necessary to secure the kind regards of these men. We are
+no office-seeker,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> and desire no reward beyond the consciousness of
+having performed our duty, and of having served our country to the best
+of our ability.</p>
+
+<p>We take this occasion to repeat what we have heretofore said in our
+journal, that nearly every prominent man in the country, calling himself
+an "Old Line Whig," and now opposed to Fillmore and Donelson, is
+influenced by personal grievances, or a desire to get office&mdash;matters
+with which the people have not the slightest concern. Their opposition
+to the American ticket proceeds from personal hostility, either to the
+candidates, some of the electoral candidates, or certain prominent
+advocates of the ticket, and from no less unworthy motives. Of course
+there are exceptions to this rule.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of an Old Clay Whig supporting the Buchanan ticket is both
+absurd and ridiculous. To say nothing of the foul and malignant charge
+of "bargain, intrigue, and corruption," Buchanan labored to fasten upon
+Clay, the Platform upon which the Cincinnati Convention has placed
+Buchanan repudiates every principle Clay contended for, and held as
+sacred to the day of his death. On the contrary, the American party has
+not ignored one political tenet held by the Whig party, but has added
+new ones; none of which are at war with the creed of Clay, or the
+Constitution of our country! To make short work of a long story, no man
+who ever was a <i>true Whig</i>, and acted with that party <i>from principle</i>,
+can consistently go over to the <i>bogus</i> Democracy of this day, and vote
+for Buchanan and Breckenridge!</p>
+
+<p>Talk about a Clay Whig turning Sag Nicht! What an idea! What principle
+does this Foreign Democratic party hold, that an Old Line Whig, or a
+conservative man, North or South, does not disapprove? What principles
+have they ever held, the evil effects of which are not now standing out
+in bold relief as a monument of their shame, and to which they have
+added the unpardonable sin of making war upon <span class="smcap">Native American
+Protestants</span>?</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion, the reader will please allow a few remarks <span class="smcap">personal</span> to
+the writer, and he is done&mdash;leaving the public to make their own
+comments, and their own disposition of both this book and its author.
+Our life has been a public life&mdash;our cause a public cause. We have our
+faults, as most men have; and we have committed some errors, as most men
+have. Our few acts of goodness and virtue, if any, we leave others to
+hunt up; our faults are subjects of criticism, and are viewed with a
+<i>jaundiced eye</i> by our opponents. Through a course of <i>eighteen years</i>
+of editorial invective, (whether right or wrong,) we claim to have been
+actuated by none other than the best of motives. We have never been
+prompted by ambition, malice, or a desire to make money. Our voice,
+which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> has echoed over many hills and through many valleys, has never
+been heard in extenuation of guilt; has never been heard to plead the
+cause of the gambler, the swearer, the drunkard, the robber, or the
+assassin. Wherever vice has lifted its "seven heads and ten
+horns"&mdash;wherever fraud has showed its thieving hand&mdash;wherever gambling
+has displayed its rotten heart&mdash;wherever demagogues have sought to
+impose on the honest people&mdash;there have we tried to be conspicuous; not
+as their aider and abettor, but as their scourge, their accuser, and
+their unrelenting foe. And among this class of men are our most bitter
+foes. What friends we have are to be found at the fireside of
+virtue&mdash;among sober, sedate, and thinking men, and among the brave and
+honorable. We have never been the slave or sycophant of any man or
+party, as our immense band of subscribers, numbering thousands, will
+bear us witness.</p>
+
+<p>And now, <span class="smcap">Americans</span>, while we look forward to the future with pleasing
+anticipations&mdash;while we rejoice in prospect of the final triumph of
+wisdom, of reason, and of virtue, over audacious ignorance, palpable
+corruption, canting hypocrisy, and caballing Democracy&mdash;God forbid that
+we should indulge the vain idea that we have nothing to do! Let every
+friend of American rights and Protestant liberties take a bold, a
+decided stand, vowing most solemnly that he will have no fellowship at
+the ballot-box with the friends of that unpitying monster, a <span class="smcap">Democratic
+Papal Hierarchy</span>! Be active, be vigilant, and persevering, and the day is
+ultimately ours!</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Strike till the last armed foe expires;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strike for your altars and your fires;<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Strike for the green graves of your sires,<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">God, and your native land!"<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p>
+<h2>TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE&mdash;LETTER No. 2.</h2>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;On the night of the 9th of June, 1856, you held forth in the
+Court-House in Charleston, Mo., taking myself, <i>Rev. Josiah McCrary</i>,
+the Methodist stationed preacher of that town, and Methodists generally,
+for your text. It would seem that the <i>touch</i> I gave you, and a letter
+of mine read before a large congregation in Charleston, on Sabbath
+evening, June 8th, <i>have fully developed all the latent blackguardism of
+your early training and corrupt nature</i>! I will now place the record of
+your <i>infamy</i> before the world in such a permanent form, and circulate
+it so extensively, that your low Billingsgate and vile blackguardism can
+never harm any man or sect. I will make such a showing of you that no
+persons of refined feelings or of any pride of character will hear you
+preach or entertain you in future! I will remind many readers of the
+showing up of your infamous character and conduct, by the editor of the
+Louisville Journal, ten or twelve years ago, and of the exposure of your
+villainous conduct by the <i>Rev. Mr. McNutt</i>, of Kentucky, through the
+Nashville Advocate, some eight or nine years ago.</p>
+
+<p>I will only add the following article from my paper of the 21st June,
+1856, as it completes your record, so far as Tennessee is concerned. I
+will only add, that you were driven out of McMinn County in East
+Tennessee, where you were preaching, lying, and drinking whiskey, years
+ago. There and then, too, the records of the Sullivan County affair,
+certified to by the Clerk, were produced against you! But to the article
+from my late paper:</p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Stephen Tribble again.</span></h4>
+
+<p>This old hypocrite and scoundrel has been denying in the pulpit that he
+was ever convicted of manslaughter or branded! It turns out, also, that
+the old villain once joined the American party in West Tennessee! And
+last, but not least, it seems that he was turned out of both the
+Methodist and Presbyterian Churches before<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> he became a Campbellite
+preacher. A pretty disciple to be abusing honest men! But to the law and
+to the testimony:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Roane County</span>, June 3d, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>:&mdash;In your issue of the 14th of May, you notice <i>Stephen
+Tribble</i>, and ask for information concerning him. He came to
+the lower end of Roane county from one of the upper counties of
+East Tennessee, and passed himself for an Arian preacher. I
+objected to his preaching in a meeting-house, and came near
+getting myself into a scrape. About that time a gentleman came
+from our upper country, and said he had seen his father apply
+the branding-iron to Tribble, and the smoke rose ten feet high!
+I then began to play on a harp of one string against him, and
+that was <i>a tribble</i>, whereupon he left between two days for
+Kentucky! He was once expelled from the Methodist Church, and
+afterwards he was expelled from the Presbyterian Church. If
+Tribble disputes what I say, all I ask is a chance to prove it.
+I live ten miles south of Kingston, near Barnardsville. Yours
+truly,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">John Blair</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Paris, Tenn.</span>, June 6th, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>:&mdash;I see in a late issue of yours that you are after a
+Reverend wolf, Stephen Tribble. I am personally acquainted with
+him, as I lived in Sullivan county when he was in the
+Blountville jail. I have heard him preach here, and deny from
+the stand ever having been in jail, when he and I had talked
+the whole matter over the day before. He is now about
+forty-eight years of age&mdash;has a scar on his cheek. He preached
+here monthly in 1846, and here it was that he joined the
+American party. He now resides either in Graves or Fulton
+county, Kentucky. One of his brothers told me last week that he
+now preaches at one point in Kentucky, and the rest of his time
+in Missouri. One of their preachers told me that he gets drunk
+and cuts up largely. Yours, with respect,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">A. J. Hicks</span>."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>To the foregoing letters we add a certified copy of the records of the
+Circuit Court of Sullivan county, and after this we shall leave this
+<i>old clerical debauchee</i> to preach for such Sag Nichts as may feel
+edified by his ministry:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">Monday</span>, Sept. 24, 1827.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"State of Tennessee, First Circuit, Sullivan County Court: met
+according to adjournment. Present, Honorable Samuel Powell,
+Judge, &amp;c."</p>
+
+<p>
+"<span class="smcap">Friday</span>, Sept. 28, 1827.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">State</span> <i>vs.</i> <span class="smcap">Stephen Tribble and John Tribble</span>.</p>
+
+<p>"In this cause, the jury having retired yesterday to consider
+of their verdict, under the care of an officer, and the same
+jury, to wit: James Steele, Wm. Morgan, Joshua Miller, John
+Thomas, Wm. Hashman, John Wassum, Thomas Brown, Stephen B.
+Cawood, John K. Arnold, Thomas Fain, William Hughes, and
+William H. Biggs, returning to the bar, do say, they find the
+defendants not guilty of the murder, but they find them guilty
+of manslaughter as charged in the bill of indictment. Whereupon
+the defendants moved the Court for a rule to show cause why a
+new trial should be had, which rule is granted, and on argument
+said rule is discharged. It is therefore considered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span> by the
+Court that for such offence the said defendants be imprisoned
+for the term of four calendar months: that they be branded with
+the letter M in the brawn of the thumbs of their left hands on
+to-morrow morning, and that they pay the costs of this suit or
+remain in custody until the same is paid."</p></div>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"<span class="smcap">State of Tennessee, Sullivan County</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"I, Jno. W. Cox, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Sullivan County, do
+hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, true, and perfect copy of
+the final judgment in the case of State <i>vs.</i> Stephen Tribble and John
+Tribble, as appears of record in my office.</p>
+
+<p>"Given under my hand at this office, the 10th of June, 1856.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">"Jno. W. Cox, Clerk,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">"By A. J. Cox, Dep. Clerk."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In conclusion, <i>Stephen</i>, I take my leave of you now, having introduced
+you to the 5,000 subscribers to the Whig, the 7,500 subscribers to our
+campaign paper, and the <i>tens of thousands of readers</i> of this book&mdash;a
+work which will exist and be referred to when I am in my grave, and you
+are in the hot embraces of the Devil! You will at least agree with me
+that <i>that</i> was an evil hour for you when you travelled out of your way
+to assail me before a strange audience in Missouri.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date">I am, &amp;c.,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">W. G. BROWNLOW.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="date">Knoxville, June 23d, 1856.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p>
+<h2>A SERMON ON SLAVERY.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Delivered by the undersigned in Temperance Hall in Knoxville,
+on Sabbath, 8th of June, 1856, to a large and attentive
+audience, composed of citizens and strangers&mdash;some from the
+North and some from the South&mdash;occupying one hour and a quarter
+in the delivery. It is published as it was delivered, without
+an omission or an alteration. Respectfully, &amp;c.,</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span class="date"><span class="smcap">W. G. Brownlow.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Text</span>.&mdash;"Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their
+own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+doctrine be not blasphemed."&mdash;1 Tim. vi. 1.</p></div>
+
+<p>Whoever reflects upon the nature of man, will find him to be almost
+entirely the creature of circumstances: his habits and sentiments are,
+in a great measure, the growth of adventitious circumstances and causes;
+hence the endless variety and condition of our species. That race of men
+in our country known as Abolitionists, Free-soilers, or Black
+Republicans, look upon any deviation from the constant round in which
+<i>they</i> have been spinning out the thread of their existence as a
+departure from nature's great system; and, from a known principle of our
+nature, the first impulse of these fanatics is to condemn. It is thus
+that the man born and matured in a free State looks upon slavery as
+unnatural and horrible, and in violation of every law of justice or
+humanity! And it is not uncommon to hear bigots of this character, in
+their churches at the North, imploring the Divine wrath to shower down
+the consuming fires of heaven on that great Sodom and Gomorrah of the
+New World, all that section of country south of Mason and Dixon's line,
+where this unjust practice prevails.</p>
+
+<p>When an unprejudiced and candid mind examines into the past condition of
+our race, and learns the fact which history develops, as the inquirer
+will, that a majority of mankind were <i>slaves</i>, he will be driven to the
+melancholy reflection, that the world, when first peopled by God
+himself, was not a world of freemen, but of <i>slaves</i>!</p>
+
+<p>Slavery was really established and sanctioned by Divine authority among
+even God's chosen people, the favored children of Israel. Abraham, the
+founder of this interesting nation, and the chosen servant of the Most
+High, was the owner of more slaves than any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> cotton-planter in South
+Carolina or Mississippi. That magnificent shrine, the gorgeous temple of
+Solomon, commenced and completed under the pious promptings of religion
+and ancient Free-Masonry, was reared alone by the hands of slaves!
+Egypt's venerable and enduring pyramids were reared by the hands of
+slaves! Involuntary servitude, reduced to a science, existed in ancient
+Assyria and Babylon. The ten tribes of Israel were carried off to
+Assyria by Shalmanezer, and the two strong tribes of Judah were
+subsequently carried in triumph by Nebuchadnezzar to end their days in
+Babylon as slaves, and to labor to adorn the city. Ancient Ph&oelig;nicia
+and Carthage were literally overrun with slavery, because the slave
+population outnumbered the free and the owners of slaves! The Greeks and
+Trojans, at the siege of Troy, were attended with large numbers of their
+slaves. Athens, and Sparta, and Thebes&mdash;indeed, the whole Grecian and
+Roman worlds&mdash;had more slaves than freemen. And in those ages which
+succeeded the extinction of the Roman empire in the West, slaves were
+the most numerous class. Even in the days of civilization and Christian
+light which revolutionized governments, laboring serfs and abject slaves
+were distributed throughout Eastern Europe, and a portion of Western
+Asia&mdash;conclusively showing that slavery existed over these boundless
+regions. In China, the worst forms of slavery have existed since its
+earliest history. And when we turn to Africa, we find slavery, in all
+its most horrid forms, existing throughout its whole extent, the slaves
+outnumbering the freemen at least three to one. Looking, then, to the
+whole world, we may with confidence assert, that slavery in its worst
+forms subdues by far the largest portion of the human race!</p>
+
+<p>Now, the inquiry is, how has slavery risen and thus spread over our
+whole earth? We answer, by the <i>laws of war</i>, <i>the state of property</i>,
+<i>the feebleness of governments</i>, the thirst for <i>bargain and sale</i>, the
+<i>increase of crime</i>, and last, but not least, <i>by and with the consent
+and approbation of Deity</i>!</p>
+
+<p>These remarks may suffice by way of an introduction, and they will serve
+to indicate the course we intend to pursue, if the announcement of the
+text has not already done that. <i>Let as many servants as are under the
+yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor</i>, &amp;c. The word here
+rendered <i>servants</i> means <span class="smcap">slaves</span>, converted to the Christian faith; and
+the word rendered <i>yoke</i> signifies the <i>state of slavery</i> in which
+Christ and the apostles found the world involved when the Christian
+Church was first organized. By the word rendered <i>masters</i> we are to
+understand the heathen masters of those Christianized slaves. Even
+these, in such circumstances, and under such domination, are commanded
+to treat their masters with all honor and respect, that the name of God,
+by which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> they were called, and the doctrine of God, to wit,
+Christianity, which they had professed, might not be blasphemed, might
+not be evil spoken of in consequence of their improper conduct. Civil
+rights are never abolished by any communication from God's Spirit; and
+those fiery bigots at the North who propose to abolish the institution
+of slavery in this country are not following the dictates of God's
+Spirit or law. The civil state in which a man was before his conversion,
+is not altered by that conversion; nor does the grace of God absolve him
+from any claims which the State, his neighbor, or lawful owner may have
+had on him. All these outward things continue unaltered: hence, if a man
+be under the sentence of death for murder, and God see fit to convert
+him, he is not released from suffering the extreme penalty of the law!</p>
+
+<p>The Church of Christ, when originally constituted, claimed no right, <i>as
+an ecclesiastical organization</i>, to interfere in any way with the civil
+government. This was the principle upon which the Church was founded, as
+announced by its immortal Head. When Christ was doomed by a cruel Roman
+law to its most ignominious condemnation, he did not so much as resist
+it, because <i>it was law</i>, nor did he complain of it as oppressive.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Then Pilate entered into the judgment-hall again, and called
+Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?...
+Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom
+were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should
+not be delivered to the Jews; but now is my kingdom not from
+hence.... To this end was I born, and for this cause came I
+into the world, that I should bear witness unto the
+truth."&mdash;John xviii. 33-37.</p></div>
+
+<p>When Christ came into the world on the business of his mission, he found
+the Jewish people subject to the dominion of the Roman kingdom; and in
+no instance did he counsel the Jews to rebellion, or incite them to
+throw off the Roman yoke, as do the vagabond philanthropists of the
+North in reference to the existing laws of the United States upon the
+subject of slavery. Christ was, by lineal descent, "<span class="smcap">The King of the
+Jews</span>," but he did not assert his temporal power, but actually refused to
+be crowned in that right.</p>
+
+<p>Under the Roman law, human liberty was held by no more certain tenure
+than the whim of the sovereign power, protected by no definite
+constitution. Slavery constituted the most powerful and essential
+element of the government, and that slavery was of the most cruel
+character, and gave to the master absolute discretion over the lives of
+the slaves. Notwithstanding all this, Christ did not make war upon the
+existing government, nor denounce the rulers for conferring such powers,
+although he looked upon cruel legislation in the light in which the
+character of his mission required. And although the <i>Church itself</i> was
+not what it should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> have been, in no instance did Christ ever denounce
+<i>that</i>. The only denunciations the Saviour ever uttered, were those
+against the doctors and lawyers, ministers and expounders of the Jewish
+code of ecclesiastical law.</p>
+
+<p>But allow us to present the case of the Apostle Paul, as proof more
+palpable and overwhelming, on this very point. He had been falsely
+accused, cruelly imprisoned, and tyrannically arraigned; and that, too,
+before a licentious governor, an unjust and dissipated ruler, and an
+unprincipled infidel. The Roman law in force at the time arrested the
+freedom of speech, denied the rights of conscience, and even forbade the
+free expression of opinion in all matters conflicting with the
+provisions of the laws of the Roman government. In his defence before
+Felix, Paul never so much as speaks of Roman law, though well acquainted
+with it, but "he reasoned of <i>righteousness</i>, and <i>temperance</i>, and the
+<i>judgment to come</i>." Here was a suitable occasion to condemn the
+regulations and to question the authority of the villainous statutes of
+Rome; but instead of this, Paul plead his rights <i>under</i> the unjust
+regulations of the law. He charged Felix with <i>official</i> delinquency,
+with <i>personal</i> crime, and, as a <i>man</i>, he held him up to public scorn,
+and threatened him with the vengeance of God! He appealed <i>to the law</i>,
+and justified himself <i>by the law</i>. He claimed the rights of a "<i>Roman
+citizen</i>"&mdash;demanded the protection due to a Roman citizen&mdash;and he
+scorned to find fault with the law, cruel and unjust as he knew it to
+be. And the consequence was, that the licentious infidel who ruled,
+"<i>trembled</i>."</p>
+
+<p>The views we have here presented are not at all new, but have been
+uniformly acted upon by evangelical Christians, in all ages of the
+world. Since the days of St. Paul and Simon Peter, no reformer has
+appeared who was more violent than that good and great man, <span class="smcap">Martin
+Luther</span>. <span class="smcap">John Calvin</span> possessed a revolutionary spirit&mdash;he fought every
+thing he believed to be wrong&mdash;he was unyielding in his disposition, and
+unmitigated in his severity. Yet neither of these great men ever made
+war upon the existing laws of their respective countries. <span class="smcap">John Wesley</span>
+was the great reformer of the past century&mdash;he reformed the whole
+ecclesiastical machinery of the modern Church of Christ; and his
+doctrines, and manner of conducting revivals, are leading elements of
+American Christianity. But Mr. Wesley never made war upon the English
+government, under which he lived and died. On the other hand, it is a
+matter of serious complaint among sectarians not friendly to the spread
+of Methodism, that Wesley wrote elaborately against the war of the
+Revolution. He was devoted to law and order, and he deemed it a
+religious duty to oppose all resistance to existing laws. In his
+troubles at Savannah, Georgia, like Paul before the licentious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span>
+governor, he appealed <i>to the law</i>, and sought by every means in his
+power to be tried <i>under</i> the law, asking only the privilege of being
+heard in his own defence! And it was, in all the instances we have
+mentioned, "<i>that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed</i>,"
+to quote the expressive language of the text, that existing laws have
+been adhered to by the propagators of gospel truth.</p>
+
+<p>The essential principles of the great moral law delivered to Moses by
+God himself, are set forth in what is called the tenth commandment, in
+the 20th chapter of Exodus: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house,
+thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his <i>man-servant</i>, nor his
+<i>maid servant</i>, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy
+neighbor's." Now, the only true interpretation of this portion of the
+Word of God is, that the species of property mentioned are <i>lawful</i>, and
+that all men are forbid to disturb others in the lawful enjoyment of
+their property. "Man-servants and maid-servants" are distinctly
+<i>consecrated as property</i>, and guaranteed to man for his exclusive
+benefit&mdash;proof irresistible that slavery was thus ordained by God
+himself. We have seen learned dissertations from the pens of
+Abolitionists, saying, that the term "servant," and not "slave," is used
+here. To this we reply, that both the Hebrew and Greek words translated
+"servant," mean also "slave," and are more frequently used in this sense
+than in the former. Besides, the Hebrew Scriptures teach us, that God
+especially authorized his peculiar people to <i>purchase</i> "<span class="smcap">bondmen for
+ever</span>;" and if to be in <i>bondage for ever</i> does not constitute <i>slavery</i>,
+we yield the point.</p>
+
+<p>The visionary notions of piety and philanthropy entertained by many men
+at the North, lead them to resist the <i>Fugitive Slave Law</i> of this
+government, and even to <i>violate the tenth commandment</i>, by stealing our
+"men-servants and maid-servants," and running them into what they call
+free territory. Nay, the <i>villainous piety</i> of some leads them to
+contribute <i>Sharpe's Rifles</i> and <i>Holy Bibles</i>, to send the
+<i>uncircumcised Philistines</i> of New England into Kansas and Nebraska, to
+shoot down the Christian owners of slaves, and then to perform religious
+ceremonies over their dead bodies! Clergymen lay aside their Bibles at
+the North, and females, as in the case of that model beauty, <i>Harriet
+Beecher Stowe</i>, unsex themselves to carry on this horrid and slanderous
+warfare against slaveholders of the South! And English travellers,
+steeped to the nose and chin in prejudices against this government and
+our institutions, have written books upon the subject. The Halls,
+Hamiltons, Trollopes, and Miss Martineaus, <i>et ed omne genus</i>, all have
+misrepresented us! These English writers all denounce slavery, and
+eulogize <i>Democracy</i>; as if an Englishman could<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> be a Democrat, in the
+modern, vulgar sense of the term, and be a consistent man!</p>
+
+<p>But we do not propose, in this brief discourse, to enter into any
+defence of the African slave trade. Although the evils of it are greatly
+exaggerated, its evils and cruelties, its barbarities, are not justified
+by the most ultra slaveholders of this age. The vile traffic was
+abolished by the United States, even before the British Parliament
+prohibited it. All the powers in the world have subsequently prohibited
+this trade&mdash;some of the more influential and powerful of them declaring
+it <i>piracy</i>, and covering the African seas with armed vessels to prevent
+it!</p>
+
+<p>This trade, which seems so shocking to the feelings of mankind, dates
+its origin as far back as the year 1442. Antony Gonzales, a Portuguese
+mariner, while exploring the coast of Africa, was the first to steal
+some <i>Moors</i>, and was subsequently forced by Prince Henry of Portugal to
+carry them back to Africa. In the year 1502, the Spaniards began to
+steal negroes, and employ them in the mines of Hispaniola, Cuba, and
+Jamaica. In 1517, the Emperor Charles V. granted a <i>patent</i> to certain
+privileged persons, <i>to steal exclusively</i> a supply of 4,000 negroes
+annually, for these islands!</p>
+
+<p>African slaves were first imported into America in 1620, a century after
+their introduction into the West Indies. The first cargo, of twenty
+Africans, by a Dutch vessel, was brought up the James River, into
+Virginia, and sold out as slaves. England then being the most commercial
+of European nations, engrossed the trade; and from 1680 to 1780, there
+were imported into the British Possessions alone, <span class="smcap">two millions of
+slaves</span>&mdash;making an average annual importation of more than 20,000! And
+the annual importation into America has transcended 50,000! The States
+of this Union, north of Mason and Dixon's Line, commonly called the New
+England States, were never, to any great extent, <i>slaveholding</i>; their
+virtuous and pious minds were chiefly exercised in <i>slave-stealing</i> and
+<i>slave-selling</i>! To Old England our New England States owe their
+knowledge of the art of slave-stealing; and to New England these
+Southern States are wholly indebted for their slaves. They stole the
+African from his native land, and sold him into bondage for the sake of
+gain. They kept but few of their captives among themselves, because it
+was not profitable to use negro labor in the cold and sterile regions of
+New England. And when they enacted laws in the New England States
+abolishing slavery, they brought their negroes into the South and sold
+them before their laws could go into operation! This is the true history
+of slavery in New England. They stole and sold property which it was not
+profitable to keep, and for which they now refuse all warranty. And
+what<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> few American ships are in the trade now, at the peril of piracy,
+are New England ships.</p>
+
+<p>The pious and religious portion of New England Abolitionists, we take
+it, are the better portion, and in these we have no sort of confidence.
+Take, for example, the case of that great man, and powerful pulpit
+orator, <span class="smcap">Stephen Olin</span>, who came into Georgia, and was introduced into the
+ministry by <span class="smcap">Bishop Andrew</span> and his friends, and by this means married a
+lady owning a number of slaves. He sold them all for the money, pocketed
+the money, and returned to his congenial North; and when <span class="smcap">Bishop Andrew</span>
+was arraigned before the General Conference of 1844, because he had
+married a widow lady owning a few slaves, this man <span class="smcap">Olin</span> appeared on the
+floor, and spoke and voted against the Bishop! Dr. Olin had washed his
+hands of the sin of slavery&mdash;had his money out at interest&mdash;and he was
+ready to plead for the rights of the poor African! May we not exclaim,
+"Lord, what is man?"</p>
+
+<p>We are acquainted with many of the leading Abolitionists of the North
+connected with the Methodist Church; and although we suppose they are
+about as good as the Abolitionists of other denominations we have no
+confidence in them. The most of them would enter their fine churches on
+the Sabbath, preach for hours against the sin of slavery, shed their
+tears over the oppressions of the "servile progeny of Ham," in these
+Southern States; and on the next day, in a purely business transaction,
+behind a counter, or in the settlement of an account, cheat a Southern
+slave out of the <i>pewter</i> that ornaments the head of his cane!</p>
+
+<p>There is much in the political papers of the country calculated, if not
+intended, to fan a flame of intense warfare upon the subject of slavery,
+which can result in no possible good to any one. Those politicians who
+are exciting the whole country, and fanning society into a livid
+consuming flame, particularly at the North, have no sympathies for the
+black man, and care nothing for his comfort. They only seek their own
+glory. This political disquiet and commotion is giving birth to new and
+loftier schemes of agitation and disunion, among the vile Abolitionists
+of the country, and to bold and hazardous enterprises in the States and
+Territories. And many of our Southern altars smoke with the vile incense
+of Abolitionism. We have scores of Abolitionists in the South, in
+disguise&mdash;designing men&mdash;some filling our pulpits&mdash;some occupying high
+positions in our colleges&mdash;some editing political and religious
+papers&mdash;some selling goods&mdash;and some following one calling and some
+another, who, though among us, are not of us, Southern men may rest
+assured!</p>
+
+<p>We endorse, without reserve, that much-abused sentiment of a
+distinguished South Carolina statesmen, now no more, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> "slavery is
+the corner-stone of our republican edifice;" while we repudiate, as
+ridiculously absurd, that much-lauded, but nowhere-accredited dogma of
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Jefferson</span>, that "all men are born equal." God never intended to make
+the <i>butcher</i> a judge, nor the <i>baker</i> a president, but to protect them
+according to their claims as butcher and baker. Pope has beautifully
+expressed this sentiment, where he has said:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">"Order is heaven's first law, and this confessed,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0"><i>Some are</i>, and <i>must be</i>, greater than the rest."<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>We have gone among the free negroes at the North&mdash;we have visited their
+miserable dwellings in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and other points;
+and, in every instance, we have found them more miserable and destitute,
+as a whole, than the slave population of the South. In our Southern
+States, where negroes have been set at liberty, in nine cases out of ten
+their conditions have been made worse; while the most wretched,
+indolent, immoral, and dishonest class of persons to be found in the
+Southern States, are <i>free persons of color</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The freedom of negroes in even the Northern States, is, in all respects,
+only an empty name. The citizen negro does not vote, and takes good care
+not to do so. The law does not interdict him this privilege, but if he
+attempt to avail himself of the privilege, he is apprehensive of
+"apostolic blows and kicks," which the pious Abolitionists will
+administer to him. All the social advantages, all the respectable
+employments, all the honors, and even the pleasures of life, are denied
+the free negroes of the North, by citizens full of sympathy for the
+down-trodden African! The negro cannot get into an omnibus, cannot enter
+a bar-room frequented by whites, nor a church, nor a theatre; nor can he
+enter the cabin of a steamboat, in one of the Northern rivers or lakes,
+or enter a first class passenger car on one of their railroads. They are
+not suffered to enter a stage-coach with whites, but are forced upon the
+deck, whether it shall rain or shine&mdash;whether it be hot or cold.
+Industry is closed to them, and they are forced to live as <i>servants</i> in
+hotels, or adopt the professions of barber, or boot-black, or open
+oysters in saloons, or sell villainous liquors to the lower classes of
+German and Irish emigrants, who throng our large cities and towns. The
+negroes even have their <i>own streets</i>, and their own low-down kennels;
+they have their hospitals, their churches, their cars, upon which are
+written in large letters, "FOR COLORED PEOPLE!" Finally, they are forced
+to have their own <i>grave-yards</i>&mdash;the <i>yellow</i> remains of Northern
+Abolitionists, and pious white men, refusing to mingle with the
+bleeching bones of the dead negro! While, in the South, they crowd the
+galleries and back seats in our churches,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> travel in our passenger cars,
+and even <i>loan their money</i> to our white men at interest! Such is an
+outline of the contrast between free negroes at the North, and slaves at
+the South.</p>
+
+<p>Let us turn again to the Holy Scriptures, and see whether or not they
+sustain or condemn the institution of slavery. The opposers of slavery
+profess to be governed alone by the teachings of the Bible, in their war
+upon this institution. It is vain to look to Christ or any of his
+apostles to justify the blasphemous perversions of the word of God,
+continually paraded before the world by these graceless agitators.
+Although slavery in its most revolting forms was everywhere visible
+around them, no visionary notions of piety or schemes of philanthropy
+ever tempted either Christ or one of his apostles to gainsay the <span class="smcap">law</span>,
+even to mitigate the cruel severity of the slavery system then existing.
+On the contrary, finding slavery <i>established by law</i>, as well as an
+<i>inevitable and necessary consequence</i>, growing out of the condition of
+human society, their efforts were to sustain the institution. Hence, St.
+Paul actually apprehended a "<i>fugitive slave</i>," and sent him back to his
+lawful owner and earthly master!</p>
+
+<p>Having already appealed to the authority of the Old Testament
+Scriptures, we turn to that of the New, where we learn that slavery
+existed in the earliest days of the Christian Church, and that both
+<i>masters</i> and <i>slaves</i> were members of the same Christian congregations.
+Slavery was an institution of the State in the Roman Empire, as it is in
+the Southern States of this confederacy, and the apostles did not feel
+at liberty to denounce it, if, indeed, they felt the least opposition to
+it&mdash;a thing we deny.</p>
+
+<p>But, before we appeal to the irresistible authority of the New
+Testament, we will submit a few only of a great many passages from the
+Old Testament&mdash;not having quoted as extensively as may have been deemed
+necessary:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"And he said, I <i>am</i> Abraham's servant."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gen.</span> xxiv. 34.</p>
+
+<p>"And there was of the house of Saul a <i>servant</i>, whose name was
+Ziba; and when they had called him unto David, the king said
+unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, <i>Thy servant is he</i>."&mdash;2
+<span class="smcap">Sam.</span> ix. 2.</p>
+
+<p>"Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's <i>servant</i>, and said unto
+him, I have given unto thy <i>master's</i> son all that pertained to
+Saul, and to all his house."&mdash;Verse 9th.</p>
+
+<p>"Thou, therefore, and thy sons, and thy <i>servants</i>, shall till
+the land for him, and thou shalt bring in <i>the fruits</i>, that
+thy <i>master's</i> son may have food to eat, &amp;c. Now Ziba had
+fifteen sons and <span class="smcap">twenty servants</span>."&mdash;Verse 10th.</p>
+
+<p>"I got me <i>servants</i> and maidens, and had <i>servants born in my
+house</i>; also, I had great possessions of great and small
+cattle, above all that were in Jerusalem before me."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Eccles.</span>
+ii. 7.</p>
+
+<p>"And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence camest thou? And she
+said, I flee from the face of my <i>mistress</i> Sarai."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gen.</span> xvi.
+8.</p>
+
+<p>"And the Angel of the Lord said unto her, <i>Return to thy
+mistress</i>, and submit thyself to her hands."&mdash;Verse 9th.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The only comments we have to offer upon these passages are, first, one
+individual acknowledges himself the owner of twenty slaves! Another was
+raising slaves, and having them born in his house!! And last, but not
+least, the angel of God ordered the fugitive slave to return to her
+lawful owner!! High authority, this, for apprehending runaway slaves!</p>
+
+<p>In reference to bad servants, we read in Prov. xxix. 19:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"A servant will not be corrected by <i>words</i>; for though he
+understand, he will not answer."</p></div>
+
+<p>The Scriptures look to the correction of servants, and really enjoin it,
+as they do in the case of children. We esteem it the duty of Christian
+masters to feed and clothe well, and in cases of disobedience to <i>whip
+well</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In the book of Joel, iii. 8, the <i>slave trade</i> is recognized as of
+Divine authority:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the land of
+the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans,
+to a people far off; FOR THE LORD HATH SPOKEN IT!"</p>
+
+<p>"Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.
+Art thou called, being <i>a servant</i>? Care not for it; but if
+thou mayest be made free, use it rather. For he that is called
+in the Lord, being <i>a servant</i>, is the Lord's freeman; likewise
+also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant."&mdash;1
+Cor. vii. 20-22.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Servants</i>, be obedient to them that are your <i>masters
+according to the flesh</i>, with fear and trembling, in singleness
+of your heart, as unto Christ. Not with eye-service, as
+men-pleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of
+God from the heart. With good-will doing service, as to the
+Lord, and not to men: knowing that whatsoever good thing any
+man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be
+bond or free. And, <i>ye masters</i>, do the same things unto them,
+forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in
+heaven: neither is there respect of persons with him."&mdash;Eph.
+vi. 5-9.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Servants</i>, obey in all things your <i>masters according to the
+flesh</i>: not with eye-service, as men-pleasers; but in
+singleness of heart, fearing God. And whatsoever ye do, do it
+heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men: knowing that of the
+Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance; for ye
+serve the Lord Christ."&mdash;Col. iii. 22-25.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Masters</i>, give unto <i>your servants</i> that which is just and
+equal: knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."&mdash;Col. iv.
+1.</p>
+
+<p>"Let as many <i>servants as are under the yoke</i> count their <i>own
+masters</i> worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+doctrine be not blasphemed. And they that have <i>believing
+masters</i>, let them not despise them, because they are brethren;
+but rather do them service, because they are faithful and
+beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and
+exhort."&mdash;1 Tim. vi. 1, 2.</p>
+
+<p>"Exhort <i>servants</i> to be obedient unto their <i>own masters</i>, and
+to please them well in all things; not answering again; not
+purloining, but showing all good fidelity; that they may adorn
+the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things."&mdash;Titus ii. 9,
+10.</p>
+
+<p>"<i>Servants</i>, be subject to <i>your masters</i> with all fear; not
+only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. For this
+is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure
+grief, suffering wrongfully."&mdash;1 Peter ii. 18, 19.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We have but a single word of comment to offer upon these passages of
+Scripture. The original words used by the Greek writers, both sacred and
+profane, to express slave; the most abject condition of slavery; to
+express the absolute owner of a slave, and the absolute control of a
+slave, are the strongest that the language affords, and are used in the
+passages here quoted. If the apostles understood the common use of
+words, and desired to convey these ideas, and to recognize the relations
+of master and servant, they would, naturally enough, employ the very
+words used. To say that they did not know the primary meaning and <i>usus
+loquendi</i> of the original words, is paying them a compliment we wish not
+to participate in! And to show that we are not singular in our views of
+the meaning expressed in the passages quoted, showing that they express
+in the one case slaves, and in the other masters or owners, actually
+holding them as property, under the sanction of the laws of the State,
+we quote from the following authorities:</p>
+
+<p>That great commentator, Dr. <span class="smcap">Adam Clarke</span>, on 1 Cor. vii. 21, says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Art thou converted to Christ while thou art a slave&mdash;the
+property of another person, and bought with his money? <i>Care
+not for it.</i>"</p></div>
+
+<p>The learned Dr. Neander, in his work entitled "Planting and Training of
+the Church," in referring to <i>Onesimus</i>, mentioned in the epistle to
+Philemon, says of him:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"It does not appear to be surprising that a <i>runaway slave</i>
+should betake himself at once to Rome."</p></div>
+
+<p>To the foregoing might be added other authorities of equal weight and
+importance.</p>
+
+<p>It is a well-known historical fact, that slaveholders were admitted into
+the <span class="smcap">Apostolic Churches</span>; nor would this assumed position of the advocates
+of slavery be at all denied by any intelligent and well-read men at the
+North, but for the fact that they think such an admission would decide
+the question against abolitionists. We have given much attention to this
+subject within ten years past, and we feel no sort of delicacy in
+expressing our views and convictions, as revolting as they may be to
+Northern men and Free-soilers, even among us. We believe that the
+primitive Christians held slaves in bondage, and that the apostles
+favored slavery, by admitting slaveholders into the Church, and by
+promoting them to official stations in the Church. And why do we believe
+all this? Because we are sustained in these positions by uninterrupted
+historical testimony!</p>
+
+<p>Well, for the information of abolitionists and other anti-slavery men
+dispersed throughout the South, we assume that the fact of the apostles
+admitting into Church fellowship slaveholders, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> promoting them to
+positions of honor and trust, shows that the simple relation of master
+and slave was no bar to Church-membership. Masters and slaves, in the
+days of the apostles, were admitted into the Church as brethren: they
+partook in common of the benefits of the Church: they held to the same
+religious principles: they squared their lives by the same rule of
+conduct: acknowledged the same obligations one to another; and
+worshipped at the same altar. This was true of the first and succeeding
+centuries, when the relations of master and slave, and the practice of
+the Church in reference thereto, were very much like they are in the
+Southern States of our Union at present. But to the proof that
+slaveholders were admitted into the apostolic Churches:</p>
+
+<p>1. Historians all agree that slavery existed, and was general throughout
+the Roman empire, at the time the apostolic Churches were instituted. We
+have at our command the authorities to prove this, but to quote from
+them would swell this discourse beyond what we have intended. We will
+cite the authorities only; and anti-slavery men who deny our position
+can examine our authorities. See Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire," vol. i. See "Inquiry into Roman Slavery, by Wm. Blair,"
+Edinburgh edition of 1833. See vol. iv. of "Lardner's Works," page 213.
+See vol. i. of "Dr. Robertson's Works," London edition. Other
+authorities might be given, but these are sufficient, as they show that
+slavery was a civil institution of the State; that the Roman laws
+regarded slaves as <i>property</i>, at the disposal of their masters; that
+these slaves, whether white or colored, had no civil existence or
+rights, and contended for none; and that there were <i>three slaves to one
+citizen</i>&mdash;showing something of a similarity between the Roman empire and
+our Southern States! Gibbon says that slavery existed in "every province
+and every family," and that they were bought and sold according to their
+capacities for usefulness, and the demand for laborers&mdash;selling at
+hundreds of dollars, and from that down to the price of a beast of
+burden! Now, it is notorious that the gospel made considerable progress
+among the citizens of the Roman empire; and, as nearly every family
+owned slaves, it is certain that slaveholders were converted and
+admitted into the Church. It will not do to say that the poor, including
+the slaves, were alone converted to God, because the apostles make
+frequent allusions to the receiving into the Church of intelligent,
+learned, and opulent persons. The learned <span class="smcap">Dr. Mosheim</span>, in his Church
+History, vol. i., relating to the <i>first three centuries</i>, settles this
+question most effectually. He says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The apostles, in their writings, prescribe rules for the
+conduct of the rich as well as the poor, for <i>masters</i> as well
+as <i>servants</i>&mdash;a convincing proof that among the members of the
+Church planted by them were to be found persons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> of opulence
+and masters of families. St. Paul and St. Peter admonished
+Christian women not to study the adorning of themselves with
+pearls, with gold and silver, or costly array. 1 Tim. ii. 9: 1
+Peter iii. 3. It is, therefore, plain that there must have been
+women possessed of wealth adequate to the purchase of bodily
+ornaments of great price. From 1 Tim. vi. 20, and Col. ii. 8,
+it is manifest that among the first converts to Christianity
+there were men of learning and philosophers; for, if the wise
+and the learned had unanimously rejected the Christian
+religion, what occasion could there have been for this caution?
+1 Cor. i. 26 unquestionably carries with it the plainest
+intimation that persons of rank or power were not wholly
+wanting in that assembly. Indeed, lists of the names of various
+illustrious persons who embraced Christianity, in its weak and
+infantile state, are given by Blondel, p. 235 de Episcopis et
+Presbyteris: also by Wetstein, in his Preface to Origen's Dia.
+Con. Mar., p. 13."</p></div>
+
+<p>A few reflections, by way of concluding, and we are through with our
+discourse, already extended beyond the limits we had prescribed:</p>
+
+<p><i>First.</i>&mdash;There is not a single passage in the New Testament, nor a
+single act in the records of the Church, during her early history, for
+even centuries, containing any direct, professed, or intended
+denunciation of slavery. But the apostles found the institution
+existing, under the authority and sanction of law; and, in their labors
+among the people, masters and slaves bowed at the same altar, communed
+at the some table, and were taken into the Church together; while they
+exhorted the one to treat the other as became the gospel, and the other
+to obedience and honesty, that their religious professions might not be
+evil spoken of!</p>
+
+<p><i>Secondly.</i>&mdash;The early Church not only admitted the existence of
+slavery, but in various ways, by her teachings and discipline, expressed
+her approbation of it, enforcing the observance of certain Fugitive
+Slave Laws which had been enacted by the State. And, in the various acts
+of the Church, from the times of the apostles downward through several
+centuries, she enacted laws and adopted regulations touching the duties
+of masters and slaves, <i>as such</i>. This, in our humble judgment, amounts
+to a justification and defence of the institution of slavery.</p>
+
+<p><i>Thirdly.</i>&mdash;Our investigations of this subject have led us regularly,
+gradually, certainly, to the conclusion that God intended the relation
+of master and slave to exist. Hence, when God opened the way for the
+organization of the Church, the apostles and first teachers of
+Christianity found slavery <i>incorporated with every department of
+society</i>; and, in the adoption of rules for the government of the
+members of the Church, they provided for the rights of owners, and the
+wants of slaves.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fourthly.</i>&mdash;Slavery, in the age of the apostles, had so penetrated
+society, and was so intimately interwoven with it, that a religion
+preaching freedom to the slave would have arrayed against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> it the civil
+authorities, armed against itself the whole power of the State, and
+destroyed the usefulness of its preachers. St. Paul knew this, and did
+not assail the institution of slavery, but labored to get both masters
+and slaves to heaven, as all ministers should do in our day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Fifthly.</i>&mdash;Slavery having existed ever since the first organization of
+the Church, the Scriptures clearly teach that it will exist even to the
+end of time. Rev. vi. 12-17 points to "The Day of Judgment," "The Last
+Day," "The Great Day," and the condition of the human race at that time,
+as well as the classes of persons to be judged, rewarded, and punished!
+A portion of this text reads, "And the kings of the earth, and the great
+men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and
+every BONDMAN, and every <span class="smcap">freeman</span>," etc., will be there; evidently
+implying that slavery will exist, and that the relations of master and
+slave will be recognized, to the end of time!</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism,
+Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Americanism Contrasted with Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;
+       In which Certain Demagogues in Tennessee, and Elsewhere,
+       are Shown Up in Their True Colors
+
+Author: William Gannaway Brownlow
+
+Release Date: March 15, 2009 [EBook #28328]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICANISM CONTRASTED ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Bryan Ness, Josephine Paolucci and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This
+book was produced from scanned images of public domain
+material from the Google Print project.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: REV. W. G. BROWNLOW.]
+
+
+
+
+AMERICANISM CONTRASTED
+
+WITH
+
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy,
+
+IN THE LIGHT OF
+
+REASON, HISTORY, AND SCRIPTURE;
+
+IN WHICH
+
+CERTAIN DEMAGOGUES IN TENNESSEE, AND ELSEWHERE, ARE SHOWN UP IN THEIR
+TRUE COLORS.
+
+BY
+
+WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,
+
+EDITOR OF "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."
+
+        "----Go to your bloody rites again:
+    Preach--perpetuate damnation in your den;
+    Then let your altars, ye blasphemers, peal
+    With thanks to Heaven, that let you loose again,
+    To practice deeds with torturing fire and steel,
+    No eye may search, no tongue may challenge or reveal!"
+
+            THOMAS CAMPBELL.
+
+Nashville, Tenn.:
+PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR.
+1856.
+
+ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, by
+WILLIAM G. BROWNLOW,
+In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Middle District of
+Tennessee.
+
+
+
+
+Dedication.
+
+
+TO THE YOUNG MEN OF AMERICA.
+
+YOUNG GENTLEMEN:--Almighty God has conferred on you the peculiar honor
+and the eminent responsibility of preserving and perpetuating the
+liberties of this country, both civil and religious. That the American
+people are on the eve of an eventful period, will not be doubted by any
+sane man, who can discern the "signs of the times." Indeed, it is an
+every-day remark, that, as a nation, we are in the midst of a crisis.
+If, however, a crisis ever did exist in the affairs of this Nation,
+since its independence was first achieved, which called upon the NATIVE
+AND LEGAL VOTERS of the country to watch with sleepless vigilance over
+their blood-bought liberties, that crisis must be dated in the year of
+our Lord, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX! The great
+Commonwealth of Humanity, in behalf of the momentous interests of Truth,
+Liberty, and Religion, calls upon the present generation of YOUNG MEN,
+who will have the issues of a coming revolution to meet, to qualify
+themselves for the task.
+
+There never was a time known, since the dark days of the Revolution,
+when the civil and religious liberties of this country were so much
+endangered as at the present time. This danger we are threatened with
+from _Foreign influence_, and the rapid strides of _Romanism_, to which
+we may add _Native treachery_, connived at, as they are, by certain
+leading demagogues of the country, and a powerful and influential
+political party, falsely called _Democrats_, who seek the Foreign and
+Catholic vote, and are willing to obtain it at the expense of Liberty,
+and the sacrifice of the Protestant Religion!
+
+The great criminal of the nineteenth century, the PAPAL HIERARCHY, is
+now on trial before the bar of public opinion, having been arraigned by
+the AMERICAN PARTY. You are called on to decide, YOUNG MEN, as you wield
+the balance of power, whether this Criminal, arraigned for treason
+against God, and hostility to the human race, deserves the execrations
+of all honest and patriotic men, and avenging judgments of a righteous
+God! In order to decide this grave question, YOUNG _Gentlemen of the
+Nineteenth Century_, you are to consider the inevitable tendency of the
+principles of the Church of Rome--the actual results of these tendencies
+as embodied in history--the indictment brought in by the AMERICAN PARTY,
+and the testimony of the witnesses. When you have intelligently
+considered the part the self-styled _Democratic Party_ has acted in this
+infamous drama, you will feel it to be your duty to indict the
+corporation claiming the right to be called the Great Democratic Party,
+as _accessory_ to the treason, crimes, and infamy, of the aforesaid
+Papal Hierarchy!
+
+To you, then, Gentlemen, is this brief work most affectionately
+inscribed by
+
+     THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+For the last twenty-five years, the writer of this work has employed
+much of his time in the reading and study of the controversy between
+Roman Catholics and Protestants. And those who have been subscribers to
+the paper he has edited and published for the LAST SEVENTEEN YEARS, will
+bear him witness that he has kept up a fierce and unceasing fire against
+that dangerous and immoral _Corporation_, claiming the right to be
+called the HOLY CATHOLIC CHURCH. This he has done, and still continues
+to do, because he believes firmly that the system of Popery, as taught
+in the standards of the Church of Rome, as enforced by her Bishops and
+Priests, and as believed and practised by the great body of Romanists,
+both in Europe and America, is at war with the true religion taught in
+the Bible, and is injurious to the public and private morals of the
+civilized world; and, if unchecked, will overturn the civil and
+religious liberties of the United States. Such, he believes, is its
+tendency and the design of its leaders.
+
+Popery is deceitful in its character; and the design of this brief work
+is, in part, to drag it forward into the light of the middle of the
+nineteenth century, to strip the flimsy vizor off its face, and to bring
+it, with all its abuses, corruptions, and hypocritical Protestant
+advocates, before the bar of enlightened public opinion, for judgment in
+the case. Roman Catholics misrepresent their own creed, their Church,
+and its corrupt institutions. The most revolting, wicked, and immoral
+features of their _holy and immutable system_, are kept out of sight by
+its corrupt Clergy, and Jesuitical teachers; while, with a purpose to
+_deceive_, a _Protestant sense_ is attached to most of their doctrines
+and peculiarities. By this vile means, they designedly _misrepresent
+themselves_, and impose on the public, by inducing charitable and
+uninformed persons to believe that they are not as profligate as they
+are represented to be. This game has been played with a bold hand in
+_Knoxville_, for the last twelve months, and it is being played in every
+city and town in the South and West, where Romanism is being planted.
+One object, then, of this _epitomized_ work, setting forth the
+boastings, threats, and disclosures of leading Catholic organs and
+Bishops, as to their real principles and designs upon this country,
+suffered to go forth in their more excited moments, or unguarded hours,
+is, to spread before the people, in a cheap form, true Popery, and to
+strip it of its _Protestant garb_, which it has for the time being
+assumed.
+
+An additional reason for bringing out this publication, at this
+particular time, is, to expose a corrupt bargain entered into by the
+leaders of the Catholic Church, and the leaders of a corrupt and
+designing political party, falsely called the Democratic party. One of
+the most alarming "signs of the times" is, that while Protestant
+ministers, of different persuasions, only two brief years ago, could
+preach with power and eloquence against the dogmas and corrupting
+tendencies of _Romanism_, and pass out of the doors of their churches,
+receiving the compliments and extravagant praises of their entire
+congregations, let one of them now dare to hold up this Corporation as a
+dangerous foreign enemy--let him warn his charge against the influence
+of Popery, or but only designate the Catholic Hierarchy as the "man of
+sin" described in the Scriptures, and one half of his congregation are
+grossly insulted: they charge him with meddling in politics; and, by way
+of resentment, they will either not hear him again, or they will starve
+him out, by refusing to contribute to his support!
+
+The hypocritical and profligate portion of the Methodist, Presbyterian,
+Baptist, and Episcopal membership in this country, are not so much
+misled by Popery, as they are influenced by _party politics_, and are in
+love with the _loose moral code_ of Romanism. It lays no restraints on
+their lusts, and gives a loose rein to all their unsanctified passions
+and desires. Backslidden, unconverted, or unprincipled members of
+Protestant Churches, find in Popery a _sympathizing irreligion_, adapted
+to their vicious lives; and hence they fall in with its disgusting
+superstitions and insulting claims. They are, therefore, ensnared with
+the delusions of Popery, of _choice_. In other words, Popery is a
+system of mere human policy; altogether of Foreign origin; Foreign in
+its support; importing Foreign vassals and paupers by multiplied
+thousands; and sending into every State and Territory in this Union, a
+most baneful Foreign and anti-Republican influence. Its old _goutified_,
+immoral, and drunken Pope, his Bishops and Priests, are _politicians_;
+men of the world, earthly, sensual, and devilish, and mere men of
+pleasure. Associated with them for the purpose, in great State and
+National contests, of securing the Catholic vote, are the worst class of
+American politicians, designing demagogues, selfish office-seekers, and
+bad men, calling themselves _Democrats_ and "Old-Line Whigs!" These
+politicians know that Popery, as a system, is in the hands of a Foreign
+despotism, precisely what the Koran is in the hands of the Grand Turk
+and his partisans. But corrupt and ambitious politicians in this
+country, are willing to act the part of traitors to our laws and
+Constitution, for the sake of profitable offices; and they are willing
+to sacrifice the Protestant Religion, on the ancient and profligate
+altar at Rome, if they may but rise to distinction on its ruins!
+
+The great Democratic party of this country, which has degenerated into a
+_Semi-Papal Organization_, for the base purposes of power and plunder,
+now fully partakes of the intolerant spirit of Rome, and is acting it
+out in all the departments of our State and General Governments. What
+Romanism has been to the Old World, this Papal and Anti-American
+organization seeks and promises to be to this country. What is Popery in
+Roman Catholic Europe? It is as intolerant in politics as in religion:
+it taxes and oppresses the subjects and citizens of every country; it
+interdicts nations; dethrones governors, chief magistrates, and kings;
+dissolves civil governments; suspends commerce; annuls civil laws; and,
+to gratify its unsanctified lust of ambition, it has overrun whole
+nations with bloodshed, and thrown them into confusion. So it is with
+this "_Bogus_" Democracy: it wages a war of extermination against the
+freedom of the press, and against the liberty of speech, the rights of
+human conscience, and the liberties of man: hence its indiscriminate
+proscription of all who dare to unite with the AMERICAN PARTY, or openly
+espouse their cause. Popery aims at universal power over the bodies and
+souls of all men; and history proclaims that its weapons have been
+dungeons, racks, chains, fire, and sword! The _bastard_ Democracy of the
+present age has united with the Prelates, Priests, Monks, and Nuns of
+Romanism, and is daily affiliating with hundreds of thousands of the
+very off-scourings of the European Catholic population--stimulating them
+to deeds of violence, and to the shedding of blood! To-day, they sustain
+a _Baker_ in the foul murder of a _Poole_, in New York, because he was a
+member of the so-called Know-Nothing party, which had just routed, in an
+election, this Foreign Locofoco party! To-morrow, we find this same vile
+party, its editors and orators, sustaining a Foreign Catholic Mob in
+Louisville, Ky.; and the members of the same party, in surrounding
+States, exulting over the murder of Protestant Americans! And in the
+next breath, as it were, we find these sons of Belial, falsely called
+_Democrats_, after reaching the power they lusted after in Philadelphia,
+sending up shouts over the lawless deeds of a Foreign Catholic riot,
+which made the ears of every American citizen to tingle!
+
+Under the guidance of an ALL-WISE PROVIDENCE, the Protector of our
+Republic, and of the Protestant Religion, it is in the power of the free
+and independent voters of these United States to cause this enemy's long
+"_arm to be clean dried up, and his right eye to be utterly darkened_,"
+by elevating to the two first offices within the gift of the world,
+MILLARD FILLMORE and ANDREW J. DONELSON!
+
+I am, candid Reader, your fellow-citizen,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+     KNOXVILLE, July, 1856.
+
+
+AMERICANISM CONTRASTED
+
+WITH
+
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER.
+
+     The Creed of the American Party--The Platform misrepresented by
+     Mr. Watkins--Official Vote on the adoption of the new
+     Platform--What the Abolitionists and Democrats say of the
+     Platform--Seceders from the Nominating Convention, and their
+     Address.
+
+
+Lord Byron, just as the war of Greece approached, said: "It is not one
+man, nor a million, but the _spirit of liberty_ which must be spread;"
+and, carrying out the same bold idea of liberty, he continues, "It is
+time to act;" or, in the language of the Know Nothing salutation, "It is
+time for work;" for "what signifies _self_, if a single spark of that
+genius of liberty worthy of the past, can be bequeathed unquenchably to
+the future?" In the language of a fair poetess:
+
+              --"Our country is a whole,
+    Of which we all are parts; nor should a citizen
+    Regard his interests as distinct from hers:
+    No hopes or fears should touch his patriot soul,
+    But what affects her honor or her shame."
+
+The civilization--the nationality--the institutions, civil and
+religious--and the mission of the United States, are all eminently
+American. Mental light and personal independence, constitutional union,
+national supremacy, submission to law and rules of order, homogeneous
+population, and instinctive patriotism, are all vital elements of
+American liberty, nationality, and upward and onward progress. Foreign
+immigration, foreign Catholic influence, and sectional factions
+nourished by them--and breeding demagogues in the name of _Democracy_,
+by a prostitution of the elective franchise--have already corrupted our
+nationality, degraded our councils, both State and National, weakened
+the bonds of union, disturbed our country's peace, and awakened
+apprehensions of insecurity and _progressive deterioration_, threatening
+ultimate ruin! To rescue and restore American institutions--to maintain
+American nationality, and to secure American birthrights, is the mission
+and the sole purpose of the AMERICAN PARTY--composed of conservative,
+patriotic, Protestant, Union-loving, native-born citizens of every
+section, and of every Christian denomination--self-sacrificing patriots,
+who prefer their country, and the religion of their fathers, and of the
+Bible, to a factious name, a plundering political organization, and an
+infamous Papal hierarchy!
+
+The paramount and ultimate object of our AMERICAN ORGANIZATION is to
+save and exalt the Union, and to preserve and perpetuate the rights and
+blessings of the Protestant religion. We contend that American
+principles should mould American policy; that American mind should rule
+American destiny; that all sectional parties, such as a party _North_,
+or a party _South_, should be renounced; that all sectional agitations,
+such as are kept up by Abolitionists, Free Soilers, and Black
+Republicans, should be resisted; that Congress should never agitate the
+subject of domestic slavery, in any form or for any purpose, but leave
+it where the Constitution fixes it; that as the destiny of the country
+depends on the mind of the country, intelligence should rule; that the
+ballot-box should be purified, and corrupt Romanism and foreign
+influence checked; that any allegiance "to any foreign prince,
+potentate, or power"--to any power, regal or pontifical, should be
+rebuked as the most fatal canker of the germ of American independence;
+that every citizen should be encouraged to exercise freely his own
+conscience; and that the popular mind should be enlightened, and the
+popular heart rectified, by proper and universal Christian education.
+This is the essence of the American creed; and when methodized into a
+Political Decalogue, it constitutes the _Ten Commandments_ of the
+American party.
+
+In this connection, and at this point, we will give the much-abused
+Platform of the American party, adopted at the session of the National
+Council, February 21, 1856. Examine the Platform, and answer to your
+conscience the question: What true American head can disapprove--what
+pure American heart can revolt? Can men taking their stand on this
+Platform be the enemies of civil and religious liberties? Can either
+civil or religious liberties rest secure on any other grounds? And must
+not those "Bogus" Democrats and Anti-Americans, therefore, who wage war
+against this citadel of American birthrights, act as enemies to the
+Federal Constitution, enemies to the Union, to the mental independence
+of American citizens--enemies to the Protestant religion, and enemies,
+consequently, "to civil and religious liberty?"
+
+     PLATFORM OF THE AMERICAN PARTY.
+
+     1st. An humble acknowledgment to the Supreme Being for his
+     protecting care vouchsafed to our fathers in their successful
+     Revolutionary struggle, and hitherto manifested to us, their
+     descendants, in the preservation of the liberties, the
+     independence, and the union of these States.
+
+     2d. The perpetuation of the Federal Union, as the palladium of
+     our civil and religious liberties, and the only sure bulwark of
+     American Independence.
+
+     3d. _Americans must rule America_, and to this end,
+     _native_-born citizens should be selected for all State,
+     Federal, and municipal offices, or government employment, in
+     preference to all others: nevertheless,
+
+     4th. Persons born of American parents residing temporarily
+     abroad, should be entitled to all the rights of native-born
+     citizens; but,
+
+     5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+     (whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+     allegiance or obligation of any description, to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+     Federal and State constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+     paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.
+
+     6th. The unqualified recognition and maintenance of the
+     reserved rights of the several States, and the cultivation of
+     harmony and fraternal good-will between the citizens of the
+     several States; and to this end, non-interference by Congress
+     with questions appertaining solely to the individual States,
+     and non-intervention by each State with the affairs of any
+     other State.
+
+     7th. The recognition of the right of the native-born and
+     naturalized citizens of the United States, permanently residing
+     in any Territory thereof, to frame their constitution and laws,
+     and to regulate their domestic and social affairs in their own
+     mode, subject only to the provisions of the Federal
+     Constitution, with the privilege of admission into the Union
+     whenever they have the requisite population for one
+     Representative in Congress. _Provided always_, that none but
+     those who are citizens of the United States, under the
+     constitution and laws thereof, and who have a fixed residence
+     in any such Territory, ought to participate in the formation of
+     the constitution, or in the enactment of laws for said
+     Territory or State.
+
+     8th. An enforcement of the principle that no State or Territory
+     ought to admit others than citizens of the United States to the
+     right of suffrage, or of holding political office.
+
+     9th. A change in the laws of naturalization, making a continued
+     residence of twenty-one years, of all not hereinbefore provided
+     for, an indispensable requisite for citizenship hereafter, and
+     excluding all paupers, and persons convicted of crime, from
+     landing upon our shores; but no interference with the vested
+     rights of foreigners.
+
+     10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State: no
+     interference with religious faith or worship, and no test-oaths
+     for office.
+
+     11th. Free and thorough investigation into any and all alleged
+     abuses of public functionaries, and a strict economy in public
+     expenditures.
+
+     12th. The maintenance and enforcement of all laws
+     constitutionally enacted, until said laws shall be repealed, or
+     shall be declared null and void by competent judicial
+     authority.
+
+     13th. Opposition to the reckless and unwise policy of the
+     present administration in the general management of our
+     national affairs, and more especially as shown in removing
+     "Americans" (by designation) and conservatives in principle,
+     from office, and placing foreigners and ultraists in their
+     places: as shown in a truckling subserviency to the stronger,
+     and an insolent and cowardly bravado toward the weaker powers:
+     as shown in reoepening sectional agitation, by the repeal of the
+     Missouri Compromise: as shown in granting to unnaturalized
+     foreigners the right of suffrage in Kansas and Nebraska: as
+     shown in its vacillating course on the Kansas and Nebraska
+     question: as shown in the corruptions which pervade some of the
+     departments of the government: as shown in disgracing
+     meritorious naval officers through prejudice or caprice; and as
+     shown in the blundering mismanagement of our foreign relations.
+
+     14th. Therefore, to remedy existing evils, and prevent the
+     disastrous consequences otherwise resulting therefrom, we would
+     build up the "American party" upon the principles hereinbefore
+     stated.
+
+     15th. That each State Council shall have authority to amend
+     their several constitutions, so as to abolish the several
+     degrees, and institute a pledge of honor, instead of other
+     obligations, for fellowship and admission into the party.
+
+     16th. A free and open discussion of all political principles
+     embraced in our platform.
+
+The HON. MR. WATKINS, a renegade from the American ranks, in East
+Tennessee, delivered a speech in Congress on the 6th of May, 1856; which
+speech we find reported in the _Washington Union_--a speech which
+betrays an utter ignorance of the point he undertook to discuss. It is
+due to _his betrayed constituents_ that we should expose his ignorance,
+and the blundering fallacy of his attempts to justify his turning
+_Locofoco Cataline Judas Sag-Nicht_! He says, as reported by his
+political organ-grinder:
+
+     "But, sir, the platform recently adopted by the Philadelphia
+     Convention cannot receive my approbation. I cannot support Mr.
+     Fillmore, or any other distinguished Whig, upon that platform.
+     The only solitary plank in the Philadelphia platform of June,
+     1855, was the twelfth section--that section which denied to
+     Congress the right to interfere with slavery in the
+     Territories, declaring the doctrine of non-intervention, and of
+     popular sovereignty in the Territories. But, sir, that plank in
+     the platform was stricken out by the convention recently held,
+     and the sixth resolution of the platform then adopted
+     substituted in its place. And what does that resolution
+     endorse? Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution
+     of the Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+     of Congress to interfere upon the subject of slavery in the
+     sixth resolution of the Philadelphia platform? Certainly not."
+
+In lieu of the _June_ platform, we have this _February_ platform. The
+June platform contained _no such denial to Congress_, as is here alleged
+by Mr. Watkins, of the right to interfere with slavery in the
+Territories! And it is marvellous, indeed, that a grave Member of
+Congress should undertake to discuss Platforms, which he had either
+never read, or the purport of which, if he had ever read them, he had
+either wholly forgotten, or lacked the sense to comprehend! The twelfth
+section of the June Platform says:
+
+     "And expressly _pretermitting any expression of opinion_ upon
+     the power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+     Territory, it is the sense of this National Council, that
+     Congress OUGHT NOT to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+     within the Territories of the United States."
+
+Thus, instead of _denying_ to Congress the right to interfere with
+slavery in the Territories, as erroneously and recklessly charged by
+this new-born Democrat, all opinion on that subject was "_expressly
+pretermitted_" in the June Platform! Mr. Watkins was in such a hurry to
+join the Forney, Pierce, and Catholic Democracy, that he did not stop to
+examine even the Platform which most disgusted him! But this is not the
+worst blunder which he committed in that speech. He turned to the new
+Platform, and asked, with an air of triumph:
+
+     "Is there any non-intervention in the sixth resolution of the
+     (new) Philadelphia platform? Is there any denial of the right
+     of Congress to interfere with the subject of slavery in the
+     sixth resolution of the (new) Philadelphia platform?"
+
+And he answers, "_Certainly not!_" The ignorant man, it would seem, only
+read as far as to the sixth section of the new Platform; and even _that_
+section contains a direct affirmative answer to his question; which, in
+order to place the American party in a false position, he answers,
+"_Certainly not!_"
+
+Now, we ask such as may have noticed his _misrepresentations_, to read a
+_little further on_, at least to the end of the 7th section of this new
+Platform, and see where it leaves Mr. Watkins! Turn back to the 7th
+section, and it will be seen that this section, instead of
+"_pretermitting any opinion_" on the question, announces the doctrine
+that the citizens of the United States permanently residing in the
+Territories, have a "_right_" to frame their Constitution and laws, and
+to regulate their domestic affairs in their own mode, subject only to
+the provisions of the Federal Constitution!
+
+The _New York Evening Post_, a Pierce and foreign Democratic organ, thus
+alludes to the action of the Convention which nominated FILLMORE and
+DONELSON:--
+
+     "The 12th section of the June Platform, it is true, had been
+     abrogated; BUT IT HAD BEEN REPLACED BY ANOTHER, MEANING
+     PRECISELY THE SAME THING!"
+
+The _Cincinnati Gazette_, an Abolition, Anti-American Foreign sheet,
+came out in opposition to the American nominees, in its issue of Feb.
+29th, 1856, on account of the _Pro-slavery_ character of the new
+Platform. The Gazette says:--
+
+     "We are glad that the action of the Convention _proved so
+     decided as to leave no doubt as to the character of the
+     Platform_. THE LATTER IS CLEARLY AND DECIDEDLY PRO-SLAVERY AND
+     NEBRASKA, _and in this respect corresponds precisely with the_
+     PRINCIPLES OF THE PIERCE DEMOCRACY! _Fillmore and Donelson_ are
+     therefore presented to the American people as candidates for
+     the Presidency and Vice Presidency, ON A THOROUGH AND DECIDED
+     NEBRASKA PRO-SLAVERY PLATFORM, and the citizens of Northern
+     States are asked to vote for them!"
+
+The _New York Tribune_, whose editor was a prominent member of the
+Pittsburgh Black Republican Convention, and who is violent in his
+opposition to FILLMORE and DONELSON, says:
+
+     "The object of the Know Nothings has dwindled down to this--TO
+     DEFEAT THE REPUBLICAN PARTY! That is to say, this is the object
+     of those who have managed the Philadelphia Convention, and
+     nominated Mr. Fillmore. I have diligently inquired for a member
+     who voted for _Banks_ for Speaker, and now supports _Fillmore_;
+     but up to this time--more than three days after the
+     nomination--I have not heard of one. That sort must be scarce!"
+
+The following is the OFFICIAL vote on the adoption of the new Platform
+by the National Council, which met four days previous to the Nominating
+Convention:
+
+     NEW HAMPSHIRE--_Nays_--Messrs. Colby and Emery.
+
+     MASSACHUSETTS--_Yeas_--Messrs. Ely, Weith, Brewster, Robinson,
+     and Arnold. _Nays_--Messrs. Richmond, Wheelwright, Temple,
+     Thurston, Sumner, Allen, Sawin, and Hawkes.
+
+     CONNECTICUT--_Nays_--Messrs. Sperry, Dunbar, Peck, Booth,
+     Holley, and Perkins.
+
+     RHODE ISLAND--_Yeas_--Messrs. Chase and Knight. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Simons and Nightingale.
+
+     NEW YORK--_Yeas_--Messrs. Walker, Oakley, Morgan, Woodward,
+     Reynolds, Chester, Owens, Sanders, Whiston, Nichols, Van Dusen,
+     Westbrook, Parsons, Picket, Campbell, Lowell, Sammons, Oakes,
+     Seymour, Squire, Cooper, Burr, Bennett, Marvine, Midler,
+     Stephens, Johnson, Wetmore, Hammond, and S. Seymour. _Nay_--Mr.
+     Barker.
+
+     DELAWARE--_Yeas_--Messrs. Clement and Smithers.
+
+     MARYLAND--_Yeas_--Messrs. Codet, Alexander, Winchester,
+     Stephens, and Wilmot. _Nays_--Messrs. Purnell, Ricaud, Pinkney,
+     and Kramer.
+
+     VIRGINIA--_Nays_--Messrs. Bolling, McHugh, Cochran, Boteler,
+     Preston, and Maupin.
+
+     FLORIDA--_Yea_--Mr. Call.
+
+     NEW JERSEY--_Yeas_--Messrs. Deshler, Weeks, Lyon, and
+     McClellan.
+
+     PENNSYLVANIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Freeman, Nelclede, Gossler,
+     Smith, Gillinham, Hammond, Wood, Gilford, Pyle, Farrand, and
+     Williamson. _Nays_--Messrs. Johnson, Sewell, Jones, Parker,
+     Heistand, Kase, Kinkaid, Coffee, Carlisle, Crovode, Edie,
+     Sewell, and Power.
+
+     LOUISIANA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Lathrop and Elam. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Harman and Hardy.
+
+     CALIFORNIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Wood and Stanley.
+
+     ARKANSAS--_Yea_--Mr. Logan. _Nay_--Mr. Fowler.
+
+     TENNESSEE--_Yeas_--Messrs. Brownlow, Bankhead, Zollicoffer,
+     Burton, Campbell, Donelson, Harris, Bilbo, and Beloat.
+     _Nays_--Messrs. Nelson, Reedy, and Picket.
+
+     KENTUCKY--_Yeas_--Messrs. Stowers, Campbell, Raphael, Todd,
+     Clay, Goodloe, and Bartlett. _Nays_--Messrs. Shanklin, Jones,
+     Carpenter, Gist, and Underwood.
+
+     OHIO--_Yeas_--Messrs. White, Nash, Simpson, and Lippett.
+     _Nays_--Messrs. Gabriel, Olds, Ford, Barker, Potter, Stanbaugh,
+     Rodgers, Spooner, Hodges, Kyle, Lees, Swigart, Allison,
+     Fishback, Thomas, Corwine, Chapman, Ayres, and Johnson.
+
+     INDIANA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Sheets and Phelps. _Nay_--Mr.
+     Meredith.
+
+     MISSOURI--_Yeas_--Messrs. Edward, Fletcher, and Hockaday.
+     _Nay_--Mr. Breckenridge.
+
+     MICHIGAN--_Yea_--Mr. Wood.
+
+     WISCONSIN--_Yeas_--Messrs. Lockwood, Cook, Chandler, and
+     Gillies.
+
+     DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA--_Yeas_--Messrs. Ellis and Evans.
+
+     ILLINOIS--_Yeas_--Messrs. Danenhower and Allen. _Nays_--Messrs.
+     Jennings and Gear.
+
+     IOWA--_Nays_--Messrs. Webster and Thorrington.
+
+     _Yeas_--108. _Nays_--77.
+
+We will close this chapter by giving the delegates who seceded from the
+Nominating Convention, with the Address published by them on the
+occasion. That recession was a more inconsiderable affair than has been
+represented by the foreign party of this country. The author of this
+work was the Chairman of the large Committee on Credentials, and
+reported TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVEN delegates, which report was
+received without opposition, as to numbers. Of these, _forty-two_ only
+seceded, viz.: 13 out of 28 from Ohio; _one_ of two from New Hampshire;
+6--all--from Connecticut; 2 out of 13 from Massachusetts; _one_ out of 3
+from Illinois; 7 out of 27 from Pennsylvania; _one_ out of 4 from Rhode
+Island; 5--all--from Michigan; 5--all--from Wisconsin; _one_--all--from
+Iowa; 42 out of 277--not a _sixth_, and but little over a _seventh_ of
+the whole!
+
+
+ADDRESS.
+
+The seceders or "bolters" made the following address, to which they
+appended their States and names. What they say of the _Louisiana_
+delegates, we have explained in another portion of this work:
+
+     "The undersigned, delegates to the nominating Convention now in
+     session at Philadelphia, find themselves compelled to dissent
+     from the principles avowed by that body; and holding opinions,
+     as they do, that the restoration of the Missouri Compromise, as
+     demanded by a majority of the whole people, is a redress of an
+     undeniable wrong, and the execution of it, in spirit at least,
+     indispensable to the repose of the country, they have regarded
+     the refusal of that Convention to recognize the well-defined
+     opinion of the country, and of the Americans of the free
+     States, upon this question, as a denial of their rights and a
+     rebuke to their sentiments; and they hold that the admission
+     into the National Council and nominating Convention, of
+     delegates from Louisiana, representing a Roman Catholic
+     Constituency, absolved every true American from all obligations
+     to sustain the action of either of the said bodies.
+
+     "They have therefore withdrawn from the nominating Convention,
+     refusing to participate in the proposed nomination, and now
+     address themselves to the Americans of the country, and
+     especially of the States they represent, to justify and approve
+     of their action; and to the end that a nomination conforming to
+     the overruling sentiment of the country in the great issue may
+     be regularly and auspiciously made, the undersigned propose to
+     the Americans in all the States to assemble in their several
+     State organizations, and elect delegates to a Convention to
+     meet in the city of New York, on Thursday, the 12th day of June
+     next, for the purpose of nominating candidates for President
+     and Vice President of the United States."
+
+     OHIO--Thos. H. Ford, J. H. Baker, B. S. Kyle, W. H. C.
+     Mitchell, E. T. Sturtevant, O. T. Fishback, Jacob Ebbert, Wm.
+     B. Allison, H. C. Hodges, L. H. Olds, W. B. Chapman, Thos.
+     McYees, Charles Nichols.
+
+     NEW HAMPSHIRE--Anthony Colby.
+
+     CONNECTICUT--Lucius G. Peck, Jas. E. Dunham, Hezekiah Griswold,
+     Austin Baldwin, Edmund Perkins, David Booth.
+
+     MASSACHUSETTS--Wild. S. Thurston, Z. R. Pangborn.
+
+     ILLINOIS--Henry S. Jennings.
+
+     PENNSYLVANIA--Wm. F. Johnston, S. C. Kase, R. M. Riddle, T. J.
+     Coffey, John Williamson, J. Harrison, S. Ewell.
+
+     RHODE ISLAND--E. J. Nightingale.
+
+     MICHIGAN--S. T. Lyon, W. Fuller, W. S. Wood, P. P. Meddler, J.
+     Hamilton.
+
+     WISCONSIN--D. A. Gillis, John Lockwood, Robt. Chandler, G.
+     Burdick, C. W. Cook.
+
+     IOWA--L. H. Webster.
+
+
+THE ELECTION OF BANKS--THE SLAVERY QUESTION.
+
+One of the issues in the Presidential contest now going on, is the
+_slavery question_. A. O. P. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, of the Washington
+Union, who canvassed this State in opposition to Scott, and shed his
+_crocodile_ tears before every crowd he addressed, because so good a man
+as Fillmore, who had stood firm for the _rights of the South_, had been
+set aside by an ungrateful Convention at Baltimore, to give place to
+Scott, the favorite of _Seward_--this miserable hypocrite, we say, now
+comes out and says, "Fillmore's abolitionism will suit the North."
+
+The Central Democratic Committee for East Tennessee, in a call for a
+District Convention at Clinton, in May last, through the _Knoxville
+Standard_, conclude said call in this language:
+
+     "The time has again arrived when the national Democracy must
+     rally to their country's call and preserve the Constitution as
+     it is in its purity, and perpetuate the union of the States
+     from the rain which the _Black Republican Party of the North_,
+     aided by THEIR KNOW-NOTHING ALLIES OF THE SOUTH, would bring
+     upon them. By order of the
+
+     "CENTRAL COMMITTEE."
+
+The _Sag-Nicht Convention_ held at Somerville, on Thursday the 8th of
+May, and which selected D. M. Currin as their Electoral candidate,
+adopted the following resolution:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That we have been appointed by the Democracy of
+     this Electoral District to organize to fight, in the coming
+     Presidential election, the BLACK REPUBLICANS AND KNOW-NOTHINGS.
+     _Resolved_, That we _can_ beat them, and we _will_ do it.
+     _Resolved_, That we will cordially receive the _co-operation of
+     all Old-Line Whigs_ who will assist us in carrying out these
+     resolutions."
+
+Now, the charge is here made that the Know-Nothings of the South are the
+allies of the Black Republicans of the North. This is the impression
+intended to be made, first by these _concealed calumniators_ at
+Knoxville, and afterwards by the _open and avowed slanderers_ of the
+same party at Somerville! With such _wholesale lying_ as is displayed in
+both of these cases, we have but little patience: we only give their
+language, to show their recklessness in making such an issue. And
+although this Foreign party claim to be the guardians of Southern
+interests, we propose to show, before we conclude this chapter, that
+they are themselves the "allies of the Black Republicans of the North,"
+and are giving them more "aid and comfort" than all the other parties in
+the country!
+
+FRANCIS P. BLAIR, former editor of Gen. Jackson's organ at Washington,
+was the President of the Black Republican Convention at Pittsburg, in
+February last! _John M. Niles_; Democratic Senator in Congress, was
+President of the Black Republican Convention held in Connecticut! In the
+Pittsburg Convention, over which Blair presided, PRESTON KING, ABIJAH
+MANN, DAVID WILMOT, and JACOB BRINKERHOFF, Old-Line Democrats, figured
+conspicuously.
+
+For two long and cold winter months, the Democrats, both North and
+South, voted for _Richardson_, of Illinois, for Speaker, a violent
+_anti-slavery man_, whose speeches _against_ slavery, and in _favor_ of
+Abolitionism, were matters of record in the Congressional Globe, and
+were delivered on the floor of Congress so late as 1850! The _immortal_
+75 Democrats did not cease to vote for this man _Richardson_, until GEN.
+ZOLLICOFFER, of Tennessee, read his speeches upon him, in the presence
+of his friends!
+
+On the 2d of February, SAMUEL A. SMITH, of Tennessee, a Democratic
+Representative in Congress, _renewed_ his motion to adopt the PLURALITY
+RULE. His proposition, which it was evident would elect _Banks_, was
+carried by Black Republican votes, who went for it in a body. This would
+still not have elected _Banks_, but for the fact that the following
+_Democrats_ voted for the odious plurality rule: _Clingman_, _Herbert_,
+_Hickman_, _Jewett_, _Kelley_, _Barclay_, _Bayard_, _Wells_, _Williams_,
+and SAMUEL A. SMITH! Mr. Clarke was the only American who voted for the
+odious rule!
+
+MR. CARLILE, a national American, of Virginia, before the vote was taken
+upon this plurality rule, offered the following substitute for it:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the HON. WM. AIKEN, a Representative from the
+     State of South Carolina, be, and he is hereby declared Speaker
+     of the Thirty-Fourth Congress."
+
+GOV. AIKEN is a sound Southern Democrat--never was any thing else--but
+COL. SMITH _objected_, and demanded the _previous question_, which cut
+off MR. CARLILE'S resolution, and which was to prevent its adoption! The
+candidate of the Democratic party, at that time, MR. ORR, immediately
+_withdrew in favor of_ GOV. AIKEN, upon the introduction of MR.
+CARLILE'S resolution; and to _prevent Aiken's election_, SAMUEL A. SMITH
+cut off said resolution by a call of the previous question!
+
+Banks was elected by _one_ vote, and this could not be accomplished
+until SEVEN DEMOCRATS got _behind the bar_, and refused to vote at all!
+These were HICKMAN, PARKER, and BARCLAY, of Pennsylvania; CRAIG, of
+North Carolina; TAYLOR, of Louisiana; RICHARDSON, of Illinois; and
+SEWARD, of Georgia! Any _two_ of these _Southern_ Democrats could have
+made AIKEN Speaker, but they did not want him--they knew Banks to be a
+_Democrat_, if he were a Black Republican--and to elect him, they
+believed would give them the strength of that odious party in the coming
+contest.
+
+We have before us the _Washington Union_ of Sept. 27th, 1853, giving,
+editorially, a glowing account of the Massachusetts Democratic State
+Convention, reporting the speech of Nathaniel P. Banks, of Waltham,
+concluding that report in these words:
+
+     "Mr. Banks emphatically and decidedly, on his own part, and on
+     that of the _Democrats of Massachusetts_, disclaimed the truth
+     of the rumors in certain newspapers that an arrangement had
+     been entered into with another political party in the
+     Commonwealth concerning the distribution of State offices. It
+     was his and this Convention's and all true Democrats' desire,
+     belief, and determination, that Henry W. Bishop should be
+     elected governor of Massachusetts, and that the other
+     Democratic State officers should also be elected. He was not
+     afraid of defeat, and less afraid of _Whig success_, which, to
+     judge by its recent effects, was simply equivalent to a defeat.
+     [Applause.]"
+
+It may be said, and doubtless will be, that _Banks_ has allied himself
+with the Republicans. But Banks says he has _always been a Democrat_,
+and that he was _nominated as a Democrat in his district_. And certain
+it is, that he was elected Speaker by DEMOCRATS, under the _compulsion_
+of an odious plurality rule, and the _gag_ of the previous question!
+
+It will be said, and said truthfully too, that SIX AMERICANS FROM THE
+NORTH voted for MR. FULLER, of Pennsylvania. So they did; and in doing
+so, they voted for a sound national and conservative man. But did this
+justify _Southern_ Democrats in _dodging_ the question, and thereby
+electing a Black Republican Speaker? Gov. Aiken was the candidate of the
+_seven_ Democrats--he was not the candidate of the _six_ Americans!
+Democracy, moreover, had refused to vote for an American under any
+circumstances, and had, on the first day of the meeting of Congress,
+passed a resolution insulting the whole American party, in caucus! We
+would have seen them banished to the farthest verge of astronomical
+imagination, before we would have voted for any man that favored that
+insulting resolution!
+
+In 1847, by a _unanimous vote_, both branches of the Legislature of New
+Hampshire adopted resolutions denunciatory of the institution of
+slavery, and approving of the Wilmot Proviso. These resolutions were
+reported to the House, by the Representative from Hillsboro, the native
+town of _Gen. Pierce_, and were in the _handwriting_ of Pierce!
+
+On the 2d of October, 1847, the Democratic Soft-Shells, who are now the
+supporters of Pierce's administration, and fill the offices he has to
+dispose of in New York, held a State Convention, and declared their
+"_uncompromising hostility to slavery_" in a string of resolutions they
+adopted and ordered to be published.
+
+On the 16th of February, 1848, a Democratic State Convention for New
+York convened at Utica, to appoint Delegates to the National Convention
+to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, at which a
+string of anti-Southern resolutions were adopted, denouncing "_slavery_
+or _involuntary servitude_," as repugnant to the genius of
+Republicanism.
+
+On the 18th of July, 1848, the Democratic Soft-Shells held a
+mass-meeting in the park of New York, and, by way of making perfect
+their organization against General Cass, declared, by resolutions, their
+"_uncompromising hostility to slavery or involuntary servitude!_"
+
+On the 13th of September, 1848, a Democratic mass-meeting convened at
+Buffalo, in New York, and, in a general Abolition jubilee, adopted
+resolutions condemning and denouncing the institution of slavery!
+
+In 1852, while the contest was going on between Pierce and Scott, the
+_Washington Union_ said, editorially:
+
+     "THE FREE-SOIL DEMOCRATIC LEADERS OF THE NORTH, ARE A REGULAR
+     PORTION OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY; AND GENERAL PIERCE, IF
+     ELECTED, WILL MAKE NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM AND THE REST OF
+     THE DEMOCRACY IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF OFFICIAL PATRONAGE, AND IN
+     THE SELECTION OF AGENTS FOR ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT!"
+
+The Black Republicans recently held a meeting in New York, at which
+_Benjamin F. Butler_, of "pious memory," and Van Buren Swartwout
+notoriety, presided! On his right hand sat, as Vice President of the
+meeting, _Moses H. Grinnell_, one of the Democratic "pipe-layers" of
+1840, whom this Van Buren Attorney-General Butler made efforts to send
+to the State prison! Another Vice President, gravely looking on, and
+arranged in dignified grandeur upon the stand, was John W. Edmonds,
+ex-"blanket contractor" in a large swindle, and a practical
+spiritual-rapper! A third and last Vice President was the notorious _Dr.
+Townsend_, the sarsaparilla man, who has not yet wound up his
+controversy with a man of the same name, as to who is the greatest
+rascal in the way of manufacturing this medicine!
+
+Among the other officers, secretaries, and prominent men in the meeting,
+was _C. A. Dana_, of the Tribune office, a _Fourierist_, who, at a
+public meeting on a former occasion, toasted "Horace Greeley, Charles
+Fourier, and Jesus Christ!" Prominent in the meeting was _C. A.
+Stetson_, of the Astor House, an _Amalgamationist_. Henry J. Raymond,
+the Abolition editor of the Times, and _Rudolph Garrigue_, a noisy
+German Abolitionist, looked and acted as though they believed the
+salvation of the Union depended upon the success of the Republicans! A
+fellow who made frequent motions, an Irishman by the name of _McMorrow_,
+had served an apprenticeship of twelve months in the State prison, for
+breaking open a store after night! The principal speaker, who spoke for
+two hours on the subject of slavery, was the notorious _Bingham_, an
+itinerant Abolitionist from Ohio. It was a queer medley of men, parties,
+principles, and characters--two-thirds of all the active partisans in
+the meeting having held offices in the ranks of Democracy! And still,
+that party boasts of its Northern wing being sound upon the slavery
+question.
+
+And here is the resolution of the 8th of January _Democratic_ Convention
+in Ohio, appointing delegates to the Cincinnati Pow-wow:
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the people of Ohio now, as they have always
+     done, look upon slavery as an evil, and unfavorable to the
+     development of the spirit and practical benefits of free
+     institutions; and that, entertaining these sentiments, they
+     will at all times feel it to be their duty to use all power
+     clearly given by the terms of the national compact, to prevent
+     its increase, to mitigate, _and finally eradicate the evil_."
+
+To show, just here, where Tennessee Democrats stand upon the infamous
+Wilmot Proviso question, we give the following extract from a recent
+number of the _Nashville Patriot_:
+
+     JAMES K. POLK,
+
+     who, in 1847, approved the Oregon bill, which contained this
+     odious and unconstitutional clause: next in order is
+
+     CAVE JOHNSON,
+
+     now President of the Bank of Tennessee, who voted for the same
+     bill which Mr. Polk sanctioned: next we have
+
+     AARON V. BROWN,
+
+     an aspirant before the Cincinnati Convention, who did likewise:
+     then comes
+
+     JULIUS W. BLACKWELL,
+
+     a star whose light has been quenched in obscurity, but who
+     voted with his colleagues for the Oregon bill in '47: next in
+     the procession of Southern men "dangerous to the South" is
+
+     BARCLAY MARTIN,
+
+     President Pierce's U. S. Mail Agent, who cast a similar vote:
+     following him we have
+
+     LUCIEN B. CHASE,
+
+     author of the History of the Polk Administration, at present a
+     resident of New York city, but at the time he exhibited himself
+     as "a dangerous man to the South," a representative in Congress
+     from this State: he is succeeded by
+
+     FRED. P. STANTON,
+
+     for ten years a Democratic Congressman from the Memphis
+     district: he voted for the Oregon bill, with the Wilmot
+     Proviso annexed: behind him in the march is
+
+     ALVAN CULLOM,
+
+     a Democratic Congressman, who has squatted on the _other_ side
+     of one of his native mountains in the fourth district, and been
+     quiescent for some years: he was one of the Tennessee
+     "dangerous men:" he voted twice for the Wilmot Proviso: in the
+     same category is
+
+     GEORGE W. JONES,
+
+     in the language of another, the "goose which cackles at the
+     door of the Treasury vault:" notorious as a Southern supporter
+     of the Squatter Sovereignty doctrine, with two votes on record
+     in favor of the Wilmot Proviso. He may be reckoned as _very_
+     "dangerous to the South:" last, but not least in this dread
+     array of "dangerous men," is
+
+     ANDREW JOHNSON,
+
+     the present Governor of Tennessee, and Cincinnati aspirant: he
+     voted _three_ times for the Wilmot Proviso, and so doubtful are
+     his doctrines on the slavery question, that many slaveholding
+     members of his own party regard him as _extremely_ "dangerous
+     to the South."
+
+By the way, in 1842, this same _Gov. Johnson_ was a Senator in our State
+Legislature, and introduced the following _Abolition_ resolutions,
+commonly called his _White Basis System_:
+
+     "_Resolved, by the General Assembly of the State of Tennessee_,
+     That the basis to be observed in laying the State off into
+     Congressional districts shall be the voting population, WITHOUT
+     ANY REGARD TO THREE-FIFTHS OF THE NEGRO POPULATION.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the 120,083 qualified voters shall be divided
+     by eleven, and that each eleventh of the 120,083 of qualified
+     voters shall be entitled to elect one member in the Congress of
+     the United States, or so near as may be practicable without a
+     division of counties."
+
+The position of Gov. Johnson is this: he wishes the State entitled to
+her slave representation _as a State_, but _in her own borders_ the
+representative districts are to be made according to her white
+population! In other words, he desires the State to retain her _ten_
+Congressmen, representing both her white and slave population, but
+wishes them appointed throughout the State without regard to the slave
+population: so that the county containing ten thousand white
+inhabitants, and double that number of slaves, should be entitled to no
+more representation than the county containing _ten_ thousand white
+inhabitants and no slaves!
+
+We heard Johnson last summer, in his debate with Gentry, in Campbell
+county, contend that the county of Campbell should have the same
+representation in Congress as the county of Shelby, which he stated had
+FIFTEEN THOUSAND NEGROES! He appealed to the prejudices and passions of
+the poor--inquired of the hard working-men of that county how they liked
+to see their wives and daughters _offset_, in enumerating the strength
+of the county, by the "_greasy negro wenches of Shelby, Davidson,
+Fayette, Sumner and Rutherford counties_." He made a real, stirring
+abolition appeal to the poor, and non-slaveholding portion of the crowd,
+which was in the proportion of _ten to one_ of that county, to array
+them against the rich, and especially against the owners of large
+numbers of slaves. He told them that these Negro wenches belonged to the
+lordly slaveholders of Middle and West Tennessee, and that as our
+Constitution now is, these wenches were placed on an _equality_ with the
+fair daughters and virtuous wives of laboring men. On this ground he
+advocated his infamous amendment to the Constitution, which would
+incorporate his "White Basis" scheme!
+
+This is a rank Abolition measure, and fraught with more danger to the
+South than any thing proposed by the whole brood of Abolitionists, Free
+Soilers, and Black Republicans at the North. Already the South is weak
+enough, and not at all able to vote with the North in our National
+Legislature. The effect of this scheme is to deprive the South of
+one-third of her strength in Congress. Not only is this the effect, but
+it is the design of the mover. We hold that Johnson is a Free Soiler,
+and has been for years. It is stated by his Northern Democratic friends,
+that when he quit Congress, he came home to run for Governor--with a
+determination, if defeated, to remove to some of the Northwestern
+States, and take a new start! Had he been defeated by Maj. Henry in
+1853, he would now be a Black Republican in one of the Free States,
+running for office! And yet the propagator of this infamous Abolition
+doctrine of a "White Basis" representation--this demagogue who arrays
+the poor against slaveholders, is the man for the ultra guardians of the
+slave interests of the South! A man who would not own negroes when he
+could, but loaned his money out at interest, and left his wife and
+daughters to do their own work--a man who is at heart and in his
+doctrines a rank Free Soiler--a man who has only remained in the South
+to _experiment_ upon office-seeking! This is the man that Georgia,
+Alabama, Virginia, Mississippi, and Carolinas, rejoiced to see elected
+Governor of a Southern slave State!
+
+It was seeing the position of Johnson on this question that induced the
+"_Democratic Herald_" in Ohio, in June, 1855, thus to notice our race
+for Governor:
+
+     "TENNESSEE.--An animated contest is going on in this good old
+     Democratic State for Governor, and the largest crowds flock to
+     hear the candidates that ever attended political meetings since
+     the Hero of New Orleans used to address the masses in person.
+     The present incumbent, Andrew Johnson, is the Democratic
+     candidate, and a _Mr. Gentry_, a _pro-slavery_ renegade from
+     the Federal Whig ranks, is the opposing candidate, brought out
+     by a Know Nothing conclave. This man is on the stump abusing
+     the Catholics, and denouncing them for their tyranny, while he
+     openly advocates the _slavery doctrines of Southern Niggerdom_!
+     On the other hand, his competitor, Gov. Johnson, well and
+     favorably known to our leading Democrats of Ohio, HAS NO
+     SYMPATHIES WITH SLAVERY, and is the advocate of such amendments
+     to the Federal Constitution as will give all power to the
+     people, and EFFECTUALLY PUT DOWN THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY!"
+
+Now, this showing up of Democracy, on the Slavery question, may look
+_shabby_ to many ultra Southern men, and it may induce them to charge
+that the Democratic party are _inconsistent_. We defend them against the
+charge of _inconsistency_, and maintain that what would be called
+_inconsistency_ here, is nothing but _Democracy_. For instance, A. O. P.
+Q. X. Y. Z. Nicholson, the editor of the great official organ of
+Democracy at Washington, said, editorially, and "by authority," so late
+as 1855:
+
+     "IT IS NO PART OF THE CREED OF A DEMOCRAT, AS SUCH, TO ADVOCATE
+     OR OPPOSE THE EXTENSION OF SLAVERY. HE MAY DO THE ONE OR THE
+     OTHER, IN THE EXERCISE OF HIS RIGHTS AS A CITIZEN, AND NOT
+     OFFEND AGAINST HIS DEMOCRATIC FEALTY!"
+
+Precisely so! A man may advocate the _abolition_ of slavery where it
+exists; he may, as a Black Republican, arm himself with Sharpe's rifle,
+and go into Kansas, and shoot down pro-slavery men, and still be a
+consistent Democrat, if he vote for the party, and stand by the nominees
+of the party conventions! Hence, all the factions at home and from
+abroad--all religions--all the ends and odds of God's creation are now
+associated together, and are battling in the same unholy cause, in the
+name of _Democracy_!
+
+And further to exhibit the inconsistency of this Democratic and Foreign
+party, it will be recollected that, in 1844, they nominated SILAS
+WRIGHT, of New York, for Vice-President, to run on the ticket with COL.
+POLK--a position he declined, because he would not agree to be _second
+best_ on the ticket. In a letter to JAMES H. TITUS, ESQ., bearing date
+April 15, 1847, MR. WRIGHT says:
+
+     "If the question had been propounded to me at any period of my
+     public life, Shall the arms of the Union be employed to
+     conquer, or the money of the Union be used to purchase
+     Territory now constitutionally free, for the purpose of
+     planting Slavery upon it, I should have answered, No! And this
+     answer to this question is the Wilmot Proviso, as I understand
+     it. _I am surprised that any one should suppose me capable of
+     entertaining any other opinion, or giving any other answer as
+     to such a proposition._"
+
+Now, if SILAS WRIGHT, one of the great "Northern lights" of Democracy,
+held these sentiments in 1847, what must they have been in 1844, when
+that party sought to elevate him to the second office within the gift of
+the nation? But we are just reminded of what is said in "the law and the
+prophets," that is to say, "_It is no part of the creed of a Democrat_,
+AS SUCH, _to advocate or oppose the extension of slavery!_" What a
+party!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig for Sept. 22, 1855.]
+
+TO REV. A. B. LONGSTREET,
+
+PROFESSOR OF METHODISM, ROMANISM, AND LOCOFOCOISM.
+
+
+REVEREND SIR:--I see a _pastoral address_ of yours, to "Methodist
+Know-Nothing Preachers," going the rounds of the Locofoco Foreign Sag
+Nicht papers of the South, occupying from four to six columns, according
+to the dimensions of the papers copying. I have waded through your
+learned address, and find it to be one of more ponderous magnitude than
+the Report made to the British House of Commons, by Lord North, on a
+subject of far greater interest! And as I am one of the class of men you
+address, notwithstanding your great advantage over me in point of age
+and experience; and as no one has made a _formal_ response to your
+_pious warnings_, it will not be deemed insolent in me to take you up.
+
+My first acquaintance with you was in 1847, at an Annual Meeting of the
+Georgia Conference, held in Madison; and although the impressions made
+upon my mind by you, on that occasion, were any thing but favorable to
+you, as a man, still, I am capable, as I believe, of doing you justice.
+I supposed you then to be the rise of sixty years, certainly in your
+_dotage_ and among the _vainest_ old gentlemen I had ever met with. You
+obtained leave, as I understand, by your own seeking, to deliver a
+lecture to the Conference, upon the subject of _correctly reading and
+pronouncing the Scriptures_. I was in attendance, and listened to you
+with all the attention and impartiality I was capable of exercising. I
+thought it a little _presumptuous_ for any one man to assume to teach
+more than one hundred able ministers how to read and pronounce the
+inspired writings; and the more so, when I knew that several of the
+number were presidents and professors in different male and female
+colleges, and that many others of them were graduates of the best
+literary institutions in the South. Still, my apology for you was, that
+you was a vain old gentleman, and that to listen to you, respectfully,
+was to obey the Divine teaching of one who has taught us to "bear the
+infirmities of the weak." Your _samples_, both of reading and
+pronunciation, were amusing and novel to me. And so far as I could
+gather the prevailing sentiment, it was, that to adopt your style would
+render the reading of the Scriptures perfectly ridiculous.
+
+In your address to "Methodist Know-Nothing Preachers," I discover that
+you are still the man you were at Madison, in 1847: you have a great
+deal to say about _yourself_, and make free use of the personal pronoun
+I! _I_ advise--_I_ believe--_I_ am satisfied--_I_ will not agree--_I_
+warn and caution--_I_ fear, or _I_ apprehend, etc. To parse the
+different sentences in your partisan harangue syntactically, little else
+is necessary but to understand the _first person singular_, and to
+repeat the rule as often as it occurs: a peculiarity which characterizes
+every paragraph in your labored address. Beside, the frequent use of the
+pronouns _I_, _me_, _my_, _mine_, etc., too frequently occur to be worth
+estimating. And it will be seen, upon examination, that not merely the
+verbiage, but the sentiment, is thus egotistic throughout, exhibiting a
+degree of arrogance and self-importance, only to be met with in a
+_Clerical Locofoco_, used by bad men for ignoble purposes. To carry out
+the idea of your _vanity_, you say in the winding up of your address:
+
+     "And now, brethren, have _I_ or Mr. Wesley hit upon one good
+     reason why you should not have joined the Know-Nothings? If
+     either of _us_ have, then _I_ beseech you to come from among
+     them. If _we_ have not, there is yet another in reserve which,
+     if it does not prevail will show--or prove to my satisfaction
+     at least--that if _an angel from heaven_ were to denounce your
+     order, you would cleave to it still."
+
+Any other man but yourself would, from considerations of _modesty_, have
+given JOHN WESLEY the preference, in this connection, and come in as
+_second best_. But no, you are _first in place_, and, in your own
+estimation, in _importance_ likewise, as a religious teacher.
+
+I have no doubt you consider yourself a much greater man than John
+Wesley ever was; and in proof of this, I need only cite what you have
+said in reference to Mr. Wesley's opposition to Romanism:
+
+     "Even good old John Wesley caught the spirit of the times, and
+     wrote that letter, from which it appears he thought if the
+     Catholics got into power, they would abuse Protestants. What
+     abuse they could have heaped on them, greater than they heaped
+     on Catholics, short of cutting their throats, I cannot
+     conceive."
+
+The only superior you acknowledge is CARDINAL WISEMAN, a bigoted Roman
+Catholic, and you seem to knock under to him quite reluctantly, and not
+without informing the public that you have been a laborious student for
+forty years, and "_a profound thinker_." Here is your praise:
+
+     "I have been a pretty severe student for near forty years, and
+     a laborious, if not _profound thinker_ for a long time; but
+     when I compare myself in intellectual stature with that man, I
+     shrink in my own estimation to the insignificance of a mite."
+
+So much by way of noticing vanity. You are a literary and theological
+star of the first magnitude! You are an encyclopedia of the learning,
+science, patriotism, and religion of the country! Sir, if you possessed
+a little more _sheep-faced modesty_, and could exhibit a little less of
+_lion-headed impudence_ than you do, you would be a much more useful,
+not to say successful minister of the New Testament!
+
+Sir, you have taken the field in opposition to Know-Nothingism,
+_professedly_ through your deep and abiding concern for Christianity,
+and the interests of Methodism. You say:
+
+     "You cannot surely be so weak as to suppose you can crush
+     Romanism by Know-Nothing agencies; but you have almost ruined
+     Methodism by them already.
+
+     "Now the ruler of this nation is spoken evil of by your party
+     continually, and therefore, in the judgment of Wesley, I might
+     stand up in the pulpit and defend him."
+
+The truth is, you are influenced alone by partisan political feelings;
+and occupying a position in a Mississippi College, in the midst of
+Fire-eating Disunion Progressive Democracy, you desire to please them,
+rather than serve the interests of your country or Church. To take the
+stump, or the pulpit, in defence of _Frank Pierce_ and his corrupt
+administration, would be a pleasant talk to you, who have been, all your
+life-time, an inveterate Locofoco in politics, and "a profound thinker"
+in favor of its iniquitous measures and principles. In your early
+political training, you have been swayed by interest and popular favor,
+and in most cases at the expense of truth, just as you now are, in your
+mad vindication of Romanism. A tool for others to work with, till you
+have found yourself in a condition to use such tools as you yourself
+have been, you are now a trimmer and weathercock, leading on men of less
+sense than yourself, to such distinction as interest and ambition may
+dictate!
+
+Sir, you take the ground, throughout, that there is no danger of
+Catholics in this country, and that they do not seek to establish their
+religion. Here is a specimen of your logic:
+
+     "Thank God no religious sect can tyrannize over another in this
+     country, so long as they all respect the Federal Constitution.
+     Until we see, then, the Catholics treating that instrument with
+     disrespect, it is madness to entertain fears of them and worse
+     than madness to form combinations against them."
+
+Now, sir, the foregoing statement is untrue, and in making it you could
+not have been sincere. You are a man of too much sense, and of too much
+information, to believe what you are wickedly trying to palm upon
+others. Brownson's Quarterly Review, the most able, as well as the most
+authentic organ of Catholicism in the United States, employs the
+following language to the American people--mark it:
+
+     "_Are your free institutions infallible?_ Are they founded on
+     _Divine right_? This you deny. Is not the proper question for
+     you to discuss, then, _not_ whether the Papacy be or be not
+     compatible with republican government, but whether _it be or be
+     not founded in Divine right_? If the Papacy be founded in
+     Divine right, it is supreme over whatever is founded only in
+     human right, and then your institutions should be made to
+     harmonize with it: not it with your institutions!!! The real
+     question, then, is not the compatibility or the incompatibility
+     of the Catholic Church with _democratic institutions_, but, Is
+     the _Catholic Church the Church of God_?
+
+     "Settle this question first. But in point of fact, _democracy
+     is a mischievous dream, wherever the Catholic Church does not
+     predominate_, to inspire the people with reverence, and to
+     teach and accustom them to obedience to authority."
+
+Here is still plainer language from the Roman Catholic Bishop of St.
+Louis:
+
+     "Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian countries, as
+     in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are
+     Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part
+     of the law of the land, they are punished as other crimes."
+
+Here is what the _Boston Pilot_ says, a Catholic paper of high standing:
+
+     "_No good government can exist_ without religion, and there can
+     be no religion without an _inquisition_, which is wisely
+     designed for the promotion and protection of the _true faith_."
+
+Here is the _Shepherd of the Valley_, published under the eye and with
+the approbation of the Bishop of St. Louis:
+
+     "The Church is, of necessity, intolerant. Heresy she endures
+     when and where she _must_; but she hates it, and directs all
+     her energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an
+     immense numerical majority, religious freedom in this country
+     is _at an end_: so say our enemies--_so say we_."
+
+And here is what the _Rambler_ says, a devoted Catholic periodical, high
+in the confidence of the Bishops and Priests of that Church:
+
+     "You ask if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+     in the minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+     do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+     circumstances. If it would benefit the cause of Catholicism, he
+     would tolerate you--if expedient, he would imprison you, banish
+     you, fine you, probably he might even hang you; but, be assured
+     of one thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+     'glorious principles' of civil and religious liberty."
+
+I could give other quotations of this character, which have met your eye
+long since, but I forbear, as they would extend my letter beyond the
+limit I have prescribed for myself. These are the publications which, in
+part at least, have given rise to the Know-Nothing organization, so
+cordially hated by you.
+
+You say there is no danger of injury to our institutions from the rapid
+strides of Romanism. Allow me to ask your attention to the following
+remarkable political prediction by the Duke of Richmond, late
+Governor-General of Canada, and a British noble, who declared himself
+hostile to the United States on all occasions. Speaking of our
+Government, this deadly enemy said:
+
+     "It will be destroyed; it ought not, it will not be permitted
+     to exist." "The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+     wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+     example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+     his throne; and the _sovereigns of Europe are aware of it_; and
+     they have _determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+     understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+     to accomplish it_; and they will eventually succeed by
+     SUBVERSION _rather than conquest_." "All the low and surplus
+     population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+     into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+     and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+     for soldiers, or to supply the navies; _and the governments of
+     Europe will favor such a course_. This will create a surplus
+     and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+     and they will _bring with them their principles_; and in nine
+     cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+     governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion; and will
+     transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+     them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and, by
+     the constitution and laws, will be invested with the right of
+     suffrage." "Hence, _discord_, _dissension_, _anarchy and civil
+     war will ensue_; and some popular individual will assume the
+     government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+     the emigrants, and many of the natives will sustain him." "The
+     Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+     time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+     destruction of that Republic." "I have _conversed with many of
+     the sovereigns and princes of Europe, and they have unanimously
+     expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+     United States, and their determination to subvert it_."
+
+But, sir, after eulogizing Catholics for their devotion to religious
+toleration in this country, you make two assertions, touching the
+Methodist Church, for which I wish to arraign you, and for which the
+authorities of said Church ought to arraign you, under that section of
+our Discipline which forbids _railing out against our Doctrines and
+Discipline_. You say:
+
+     "And if I were to take the stump against you, I would say to
+     the honest yeomanry of the country. 'Good people, if you think
+     your liberties will be _any safer in the hands of Methodists
+     than Catholics, you are vastly mistaken_.'
+
+     "I would add, in humiliation but in candor, 'You have ten
+     thousand times more to fear, just at this time, from
+     Methodists, than Catholics; simply because the first are more
+     numerous than the last, because the first are actually in the
+     field for office, while the last are not.'"
+
+If you have this opinion of the Methodist Church, you cannot be an
+honest man and remain within her jurisdiction. You ought to leave her
+communion forthwith, and go over to Rome; and in doing this, you would
+_not have far to go_! Occupying the position you do, and holding the
+sentiments you do, I would not send a child to any school or college
+over which you might preside. Nor do I think any Protestant parent or
+guardian ought to patronize any school under your care. Your influence,
+whatever you may possess, is against the Protestant faith, and in favor
+of Catholicism. In a word, you are a dangerous man in a Republican
+government.
+
+Upon the subject of religious toleration by the Catholics, you seem to
+have fallen into the same error adopted by the Hon. Mr. Stephens, of
+Georgia--a man for whom you have great regard now, but who, in the days
+of _Clay Whiggery_, was a stench in your Locofoco nostrils! Mr. Stephens
+made the assertion, in a public speech in Augusta, that "the Catholic
+Colony of Maryland, under Lord Baltimore, was the first to _establish_
+the principle of free toleration in religious worship." The Colony of
+Maryland was a Catholic Colony, and the "Toleration Act" was written by
+Lord Baltimore himself. That Act is dated 21st April, 1649, when Lord
+Baltimore was in the zenith of his glory. Here is the language of that
+"Act" of religious toleration:
+
+     "Denying the Holy _Trinity_ is to be punished with _death_, and
+     confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary, (Lord
+     Baltimore himself!). Persons using any reproachful words
+     concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+     Evangelists, to be fined L5, or in default of payment to be
+     publicly whipped and _imprisoned, at the pleasure_ of his
+     Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+     Lieutenant-General." _See Laws of Maryland, at large, by T.
+     Bacon_, A. D. 1765. 16 and 17 _Cecilius's Lord Baltimore_.
+
+God deliver us from such toleration! _Death_ was the penalty for
+expressing certain religious opinions, not acceptable to Lord Baltimore
+and the Holy Catholic Church! Fines and _whipping at the post_ was the
+penalty for speaking against the image-worship of the Catholic Church.
+But I need not pursue this subject further: the _onus propandi_ is on
+your side.
+
+Speaking of Mr. Wesley, you say:
+
+     "If Wesley were alive, what would he think of your midnight
+     plots, and open tirades against Papists? But a letter of his
+     has been going the rounds of the newspapers, which the Know
+     Nothings obviously think gives the sanction of that good man to
+     their movement. Not so. Mr. Wesley was not the man to write as
+     inconsistently as their version of this letter makes him
+     write."
+
+Why, sir, Mr. Wesley goes much further in his political opposition to
+Roman Catholics than the American party have ever proposed to go. The
+American party say only that they will not vote for Catholics, or put
+them in office, because their principles are antagonistic to the spirit
+of Republican institutions. Mr. Wesley lays down the comprehensive, but
+_true doctrine_, in this very letter, that "_no government not Roman
+Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic persuasion_." And
+to show how fully and clearly he sustains this position, I quote from
+his letter at length. You will find the letter in Vol. 5, page 817, of
+Wesley's Miscellaneous Works, dated January 12th, 1780. It was
+originally addressed to the Dublin Freeman's Journal. Here is what Mr.
+Wesley says, in the very letter you seek to _deny out of_:
+
+     "I consider not whether the Romish religion is true or false:
+     build nothing on one or the other supposition. Therefore, away
+     with all your common-place declamation about intolerance and
+     persecution for religion! Suppose every word of Pope Pius's
+     creed to be true! Suppose the Council of Trent to have been
+     infallible; yet I insist upon it that no government not Roman
+     Catholic ought to tolerate men of the Roman Catholic
+     persuasion.
+
+     "I prove this by a plain argument--let him answer it that
+     can--that no Roman Catholic does or can give security for his
+     allegiance or peaceable behavior. I prove it thus: It is a
+     Roman Catholic maxim, established not by private men, but by
+     public council, that 'No faith is to be kept with heretics.'
+     This has been openly avowed by the Council of Constance; but it
+     has never been openly disclaimed. Whether private persons avow
+     or disavow it, it is a fixed maxim of the Church of Rome. But
+     as long as it is so, nothing can be more plain than that the
+     members of that Church can give no reasonable security to any
+     government for their allegiance and peaceable behavior.
+     Therefore, they ought not to be tolerated by any government,
+     Protestant, Mohammedan, or Pagan. You say, 'Nay, but they take
+     an oath of allegiance.' True, five hundred oaths; but the
+     maxim, 'No faith is to be kept with heretics,' sweeps them all
+     away as a spider's web. So that still no governors that are not
+     Roman Catholics can have any security of their allegiance.
+
+     "Again, those who acknowledge the spiritual power of the Pope
+     can give no security of their allegiance to any government; but
+     all Roman Catholics acknowledge this: therefore they can give
+     no security for their allegiance. The power of granting pardons
+     for all sins--past, present, and to come--is, and has been for
+     many centuries, one branch of his spiritual power. But those
+     who acknowledge him to have this spiritual power can give no
+     security for their allegiance, since they believe the Pope can
+     pardon rebellion, high treason, and all other sins whatever.
+     The power of dispensing with any promise, oath, or vow, is
+     another branch of the spiritual power of the Pope: all who
+     acknowledge his spiritual power must acknowledge this. But
+     whoever acknowledges the dispensing power of the Pope, can give
+     no security for his allegiance to any government. Oaths and
+     promises are none: they are as light as air--a dispensation
+     makes them null and void. Nay, not only the Pope, but even a
+     priest has power to pardon sins! This is an essential doctrine
+     of the Church of Rome. But they that acknowledge this, cannot
+     possibly give any security for their allegiance to any
+     government. Oaths are no security at all; for the priest can
+     pardon both perjury and high treason. Setting their religion
+     aside, it is plain that, upon principles of reason, no
+     government ought to tolerate men who cannot give any security
+     to that government for their allegiance and peaceful behavior.
+     But this, no Romanist can do; not only while he holds that 'no
+     faith is to be kept with heretics,' but so long as he
+     acknowledges either priestly absolution, or the spiritual power
+     of the Pope.
+
+     "If any one pleases to answer this, and set his name, I shall
+     probably reply. But the productions of anonymous writers I do
+     not promise to take any notice of.
+
+     "I am, sir, your humble servant,
+
+     "JOHN WESLEY.
+
+     "CITY ROAD, January 12, 1780."
+
+But, sir, you know as well as any living man that the history of the
+Church, from the days of the first Pope down to the iniquitous reign of
+Pius IX., sustains Mr. Wesley in his views on this subject, and
+justifies the steps taken by the American party. Notwithstanding the
+oft-repeated profession of Catholic liberality and Romish toleration, so
+triumphantly paraded by you, and other interested aspirants and
+unprincipled demagogues, the Catholic Church has invariably shown
+herself to be destitute of both, whenever she had the opportunity of
+using them. Sir, _intolerance_ is an element of her faith, and
+_persecution_ a specimen of her piety; and no man knows it better than
+you do. In taking upon herself the obligation of "true obedience to the
+Pope," the Catholic Church imposes upon herself a task that proves
+beyond all doubt she cannot, under any circumstances, remain faithful to
+that obligation, and yet maintain "allegiance" to such a government as
+ours!
+
+Sir, I have no patience with a Protestant minister who stands forth as
+the apologist of Catholicism; nor have I any confidence in one who does
+it, provided he is a man of _intelligence_, as I admit you to be. The
+only excuse I can render for your strange and inconsistent conduct is,
+that you are in your dotage; that you are a violent old partisan; and
+that you are the tool of designing demagogues, infamous disunionists,
+and unmitigated repudiators. I shall not be at all surprised to hear
+that you have apostatized from the Methodist Church, and gone over to
+the Roman Catholics. I learn from the Little Rock Gazette, a Democratic
+paper, that but the other day, Gov. E. N. Carway, of Arkansas, a member
+of the Methodist Church, had actually apostatized from Methodism, and
+the Protestant faith, and united with the Roman Catholics. And what
+makes his defection from the faith of his fathers still more notorious,
+his organ is down upon the Protestant clergy in bitter and unrelenting
+denunciations! I believe that _you_ are preparing to go over to the
+Roman Catholics; and to justify your change, when the time comes, you
+now assert, "in humiliation but in candor," you say, that the people
+"have _ten thousand times more_ to fear from Methodists than from
+Catholics." If you believe this, you ought to leave the Methodist Church
+_instantly_, even without the formalities of a withdrawal or
+expulsion--even though you should be denied admittance into the Catholic
+Church! I deny that we have "_ten thousand times more to fear_" from the
+_Devil_ than we have from the Catholics; and according to your argument,
+_the Methodists are worse than the Devil_! This, their most bitter
+revilers and enemies do not believe; and for obvious reasons. The
+Methodist Church has no St. Bartholomew's Day, with its rivers of blood
+staining her garments: she never indiscriminately slaughtered the
+Albigenses, or Waldenses, or Huguenots: she never established an
+infernal Inquisition: she never lit up the fires of Smithfield: never
+burned the Holy Bible, and prohibited, upon pain of eternal death, the
+printing and circulating of God's word; and last, but not least, she has
+not sought to keep the people in ignorance. Wherever Methodism has been
+planted, the people have become great and happy. If you please, wherever
+_Protestantism_ has prevailed, the people have been prosperous and
+happy. But look to Old Spain, Italy, the German Confederacies, Sardinia,
+Naples, Austria, Belgium, Portugal, Bavaria, Baden, South America, and
+Mexico, where Romanism is the established religion, and the places of
+her influence are a hissing and a by-word in the eyes of the civilized
+world! Protestantism has done more for the world in the last hundred
+years than the Roman Catholic Church has for the _eighteen hundred
+years_!
+
+Sir, the Puritans, of New England; the Hollanders, of New York; the
+Quakers, Lutherans, and German Reformed, of Pennsylvania; the Baptists,
+of Rhode Island; the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, of Virginia; the
+Lutherans and followers of Wesley and Whitefield, of Georgia; the
+Huguenots and Episcopalians, of the Carolinas; and the Seceders in
+several of the States, who were the religious pioneers of these States,
+were all Protestants and Know Nothings; and if they were living, they
+would be ashamed of you and your teachings. They selected this
+wilderness country as their home, in order that they might enjoy those
+religious privileges from which they had been debarred in the old world,
+by the very Church and people you are seeking to vindicate.
+
+But you will say, as you have done in substance, that this is no longer
+the characteristic of Romanism. Why is it not? Has she ever changed for
+the better? When did she renounce her doctrines and practices? Never!
+Rome is the same tyrannical system now, where she has the power, that
+she ever has been, and for ever must be. Wo to this land of ours, if
+ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her creed is the same here and now,
+in this respect, that it has everywhere been, and must always be. It is
+her boast that she is always right, and knows no change. She practices
+her unholy inquisitorial and Jesuitical doctrines in this country, as
+far as she can and dare act them out. Her whole system is adverse to our
+republican institutions and she hesitates not to declare it. She has
+publicly burned our Bible in different States in this Union, and
+recently, in New York and Pennsylvania. Archbishop Hughes, the Head of
+the Catholic Church in this country, has taken an oath, administered by
+the Pope of Rome, of which this is a part:
+
+     "Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said Lord (the Pope)
+     or his aforesaid successors, I will, to my utmost power,
+     _persecute and wage war with_."
+
+The Church of Rome declares all who are not its members to be heretics.
+It is painful, in view of all these things, to see an old Protestant
+minister, whose head has been withered by the frosts of seventy
+winters, openly in the field advocating a Church whose Bishops, Priests,
+and members are "drunken with the blood of saints."
+
+There is but one remaining feature of your singular address to Know
+Nothing Methodist Preachers to be replied to, and I am through. You
+assail the new party on the score of its _secrecy_, and of its
+_concealment_ of its acts from the public. Had this objection come from
+any one but a Methodist Preacher, and a known advocate of
+_Class-meetings being held with closed doors_, I would now dispose of it
+without occupying as much space as I shall do in my concluding remarks!
+
+Notwithstanding all the _secrecy_ in the new Order of Know Nothings has
+been set aside by the act of the National Council which created it; and
+notwithstanding our members tell all about their Councils, where and
+when they meet, and our orators read out and publish to the world our
+obligations, rules, and principles, it is still objected that ours is a
+secret Order, liable to be used for bad purposes; that we travel about
+with dark lanterns; that our proceedings are not restrained by the
+wholesome check of public opinion!
+
+Now, this, the great objection to our Order, comes from men who belong
+to Lodges of Free Masons and Odd Fellows, and who have taken all the
+_binding_ oaths attached to the different _degrees_ of these respective
+Orders! The same objection is urged against the American party, by men
+who belong to the Order of Sons of Temperance, who have deemed a _rigid
+secret organization_ necessary to combat successfully a _domestic_ evil!
+It is urged in bitterness against the Order, by demagogues and
+partisans, who have acted for years with the _secret political
+conclaves_ of their respective parties, who have held their meetings
+with _closed doors_--kept their _places_ of meeting a profound
+secret--and when they have adjourned, they have enjoined _secrecy_ upon
+all present! Last, but not least, this _secret feature_ is urged against
+the American organization by the vile apologists for the Catholic
+Church, and its corrupt Priesthood and membership, in this country.
+These demagogues know that the Roman Catholic Church is a _secret
+society_, directed by a talented, designing, and villainous
+HIERARCHY--absolutely controlled by an _anti_-Republican Priesthood, to
+a degree which has never been exercised by any political party in the
+known world! The _Confessional_ is a secret tribunal, before which every
+member of that Church is required to make known, not only _immoral_
+actions, but every thought and purpose of the heart, and upon pain of
+incurring the anathema of the Church, which is equivalent to a sentence
+of eternal damnation! The corrupt order of JESUITS, the infamous society
+of SAN FEDESTI, and the infinitely infernal society of IRISH RIBBON
+MEN--these are all oath-bound societies of the Catholic Church,
+connected directly with the horrid operations of the "_Holy
+Inquisition_."
+
+Now, I put the question to any man of reason and common sense, if Roman
+Catholics and their _patriotic Democratic_ admirers and advocates, in
+this country, are not the last men on earth who should object to the
+_secret_ doings of the order of Know Nothings, even if their secrecy
+were kept up? Every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the
+absolute control of a secret society, by considerations not only of a
+_temporal_, but of an ETERNAL WEIGHT!
+
+But I am not done with these _Democratic_ opposers of SECRECY. The
+Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, sat in
+the old State House in Philadelphia, _with closed doors, from the 25th
+of May to the 17th of September_, wanting only eight days of four
+months. That body of men had a Doorkeeper and Sergeant-at-arms, both
+under oath, to keep their doors barred, and all their proceedings a
+secret. So says Mr. Jefferson's biography! And such men as Washington,
+Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Franklin, Harrison, Hancock, Hopkins, and
+others, composed that body! During the war of the Revolution, General
+Washington, Generals Lee, Wayne, Marion, and others, organized a _secret
+American Society_, with its branches extending from North to South,
+having their _passwords_, _signs_, and _grips_, and writing to each
+other in figures, and "an unknown tongue," as the Know Nothings have
+been doing, and all, too, with a view to oppose Foreign intrigues and
+oppressions! It is as well known as any political truth, that General
+WASHINGTON, at the time of his death, was the _President_ of the
+Cincinnati Society, a secret political society, in which, we see it
+stated on unquestionable authority, no man was eligible to membership
+unless he was a _native American_. The _Columbian Order_, known as the
+"_Tammany Society_," was a secret political society, and highly
+influential, and maintains its existence to this day, and without danger
+to the liberties of the country. Gen. SAM HOUSTON publishes to the world
+that himself and Gen. JACKSON were members of this Society. What say the
+_anti_-Americans to all these facts? Do they believe that Gen.
+Washington, or Jackson, would have united with any association or order
+not purely American? Would either have entered into any political
+league, when _secrecy_ was enjoined, if he had not approved of the
+principle of secrecy in political associations? Never! From the
+characters of Washington and Jackson--the sacrifices they made for their
+country, united with their fervid patriotism, and their known preference
+for every thing _American_, I do not doubt for one moment, that if they
+were both now living, they would unite with the veritable Order of Know
+Nothings!
+
+I believe the hand of God to be in this very movement, and as much in
+the _secrecy_ of it, in the outset, as in any other feature. I regard
+the movement as one growing out of a great crisis in the affairs of our
+country, and a precursor of a sound, healthful, and vigorous
+nationality, and which will ultimately prevent the liberties of this
+country from being destroyed, by the machinations of such demagogues and
+factionists as now seek to _excuse_ Romanism, and fellowship Foreign
+Pauperism. Secret societies are only dangerous to despots and tyrants,
+and history shows that these above all others have made war upon them.
+They have denounced and proscribed Masonry in every quarter of the
+globe, where they have had the power. The Pope, with the aid of his
+Cardinals, has crushed the ancient order of Free Masons in his
+dominions. There is not a Masonic Lodge in Italy. In our own country,
+not a single Catholic is to be found associated with the order of Free
+Masons; and why? Masonry is founded upon the Bible, and requires the
+reading of the Protestant Bible in all its Lodges, and this don't suit
+Romanism. We state these general and historical facts, without knowing
+any thing of our own knowledge of Masonry.
+
+In the young and growing city of Knoxville, it is within our own
+knowledge, that many of the Irish Catholics attached themselves to the
+Order of the Sons of Temperance, with a view, as they said, of throwing
+around them the wholesome restraints of the Order. On the first visit of
+a priest to the city, commonly called "Father Brown," these Irish
+Catholics began to drop off one by one, until not one of them is now in
+the Order, and most of those who were, are daily seen drunk in our
+streets. Indeed, some of them in withdrawing had the candor to
+acknowledge that the priest required them to do so! And why? Because, in
+all the Divisions of the Sons of Temperance here, we have the Protestant
+Scriptures read, and have Protestant prayers offered up. This don't suit
+the Church of Rome!
+
+     I have the honor to be, very truly and frankly,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE RIGHT REVEREND AARON V. BROWN, M. S.
+
+
+SIR:--I have received by mail a pamphlet copy of your "Letter to the
+Bishops, Elders, and _other_ Ministers, Itinerant and _Local_, of the
+Methodist Episcopal Church South," covering twenty-eight octavo pages. I
+thank you for a copy of your _Pastoral_ address; and I am happy to be
+able to _infer_ from its teachings that you have made a profession of
+religion, before taking upon yourself "Holy Orders." I suppose the
+_time_ of your conversion, you date back to the memorable period when
+you "saw sights" on Mount Pisgah, and had conferred on you the degree of
+_Modern Seer_, and entered upon the duties of "High Priest" of
+Democracy! As I am one of the parties addressed, and the customs of the
+Church and the country require a response to so grave a document, I have
+felt it incumbent upon me to perform the task. I may style this the
+_Last_ epistle of Aaron, the Priest, and illustrious Chief of Foreign
+Catholic Sag Nicht Locofocoism!
+
+My first impulses were, upon reading your address, to call for your
+_credentials_, and to examine into your _authority_ for assuming to
+dictate to the entire Ministry of the Southern portion of the Methodist
+Church. You must either enter the Ecclesiastical ring under the
+_imposition of the hands_ of BISHOP SOULE or _Andy Johnson_. If BISHOP
+SOULE ordained you for the Ministry, and set you apart as the
+Lieutenant-General of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the
+presumption is that he examined you on doctrinal points, and upon all
+questions affecting the government of the Church, as was his duty, and
+is our custom, and that he found you orthodox! It follows, as a matter
+of course, that you renounced your heresy you advocated in the Hartford
+Convention, held at Nashville, and that you obtained forgiveness for
+that and numerous other "sins of omission and commission"--aye, for the
+whole catalogue of your inward and outward iniquities, which so
+_eminently_ disqualified you for the work of the Ministry! But if _Andy
+Johnson_ ordained you for the work, of which there is no sort of doubt,
+the Church South, through me, protests against your authority, and
+utterly refuses to submit to your teachings. Our Church does not agree
+with Johnson on the "White Basis" issue, or the great question of
+slavery; and in proof of this, I cite to the fact of her separation from
+the North, in 1844, upon this very question. She has within her bounds
+of communion, rich men and poor, educated and uneducated, and is
+unwilling to unite with him in arraying the poor against the rich, or
+the unlearned against the learned. Nor does our Church believe that
+Jesus Christ was a Locofoco, as Johnson asserts in his Inaugural, and
+held that Christianity and Democracy, in converging lines, led to the
+foot of Jacob's Ladder, and thence to heaven, _via_ Mount Pisgah, from
+whose lofty summit you first beheld the promised land!
+
+It therefore follows, that, in presenting yourself as a spiritual leader
+in the Church, called to the work, as you have been, by _Andy Johnson_,
+your case is fully met by a quotation from Job:
+
+     "Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present
+     themselves before the Lord, and _Satan_ came also among them."
+
+A second passage, from the Book of Jeremiah, meets your case, and leaves
+no doubt that the inspired Prophet had you in his eye:
+
+     "We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceedingly proud,)
+     his loftiness, and his _arrogance_, and his pride, and his
+     haughtiness of heart.
+
+     "I know his wrath, saith the Lord; but it shall not be so; his
+     _lies_ shall not so effect it."
+
+To be candid with you, Gov. Brown, I regard your address, under all the
+circumstances, as a display of the most brazen-faced assurance and the
+most unmitigated impudence I ever met with in my life! I have known for
+years that you were capable of great presumption, but in this insolent
+and dictatorial address you surpass _yourself_--you positively out-Herod
+Herod! In the whole history of the country, and of parties, I venture
+the assertion, that a parallel piece of impudence, and downright
+bold-faced assurance, cannot be pointed to, as the act of any partisan.
+It is really past all belief, if I had not your production before me.
+But more of this hereafter.
+
+Copies of your pamphlet were distributed through the aisles and seats of
+the Annual Conference room in Nashville, and have been sent all over the
+South, to members of other Conferences. Your _proof-sheet_ was seen ten
+days before the meeting of the Middle Tennessee Conference, and your
+"work of faith and labor of love" was ready for distribution when the
+Conference first convened, but you held it back till the Conference was
+ready to adjourn, and to a period so late, that a reply, if one had been
+deemed necessary, could not be made. This was _cowardly_, and in keeping
+with your political tactics and code of morals. In saying that this was
+in keeping with your code of morals, I allude to the _Woodberry
+affair_.
+
+I shall now take up your address, Governor, and wade through its
+twenty-eight pages of double-distilled Sag Nichtism, sublimated
+impudence, and concealed advocacy of _Romanism_, mixed up with
+contradictions, false assertions, and glaring absurdities, as it is,
+from beginning to end. In the opening paragraph, you predicate your
+right to instruct the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+entire Church, South, upon the real or assumed fact, that you are "The
+son of a now sainted father, who for forty years ministered at your
+altars, the co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers, who,
+under Asbury and Coke, founded your Church in America!"
+
+Alas, that any "sainted Father" should be represented by so degenerate a
+son--an irreligious son--not a member of any Church--but having the
+hardihood, in the face of those who know the facts, to disguise himself
+in the priestly robes of a "sainted Father"--like an ass in a lion's
+skin, to _bray out_ against better men than himself, or, like a wolf in
+sheep's clothing, to _steal into the fold_, where that Father was
+accustomed to minister in holy things, and with soft and honeyed words,
+and hypocritical teachings, and Satan-like misrepresentations, seek whom
+he may devour! You tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," that
+you really "approve" their "creed," and, what is still more
+soul-cheering, you have "witnessed their growth and progress for years,
+with the highest satisfaction." This is very _condescending_ in the "son
+of a now sainted father!" It is quite flattering! But these "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," would receive all this with a greater
+degree of allowance, if they did not believe that your generous
+patronage, so lavishly bestowed upon them and their "creed," was
+prompted by a principle of which _selfishness_ is the soul! They
+believe, and so express themselves in conversation, that your forced
+smile of approbation, your reluctant eulogy, have both been wrung from
+you, because you are a sycophantic partisan suitor for patronage, in the
+way of votes for your party. These Clergymen whom you address, think it
+a great pity that the "son of a now sainted father" should exhibit so
+much "satisfaction" at witnessing their prosperity, in _theory_, and
+manifest not one particle in _practice_. They think that you would be in
+your proper place, to be found among the _mourners_, instead of the
+_teachers_ in their Church; and that it is high time, considering your
+age in life, and the extent of your iniquities, that you should be found
+upon your knees, in an altar full of fresh straw, at an old-fashioned
+Camp-Meeting, asking the pious to pray for you, and God, for the sake of
+the forty years labors of "a now sainted father," to have mercy upon
+you, and save your sinful old soul from that death that never dies.
+
+Why, Sir, the Devil himself would blush to perpetrate such an act of
+arrogance as you have done, in thus volunteering your advice to the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church. An old
+political party hack, who is not now, and never was, a member of any
+Church--an intriguing old sinner, who never even attends Church, and
+who, in this respect, shows that he neither fears God, respects the
+Christian Sabbath, nor "approves the creed" of any orthodox
+denomination, to be lecturing a numerous body of Clergymen, as to what
+they ought or ought not to do, it is the culmination of all that is
+called effrontery! The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, wish the _evidence_ of your conversion to God, before
+they consent to obey you, as "having the rule over them." Your approval
+of their "creed," and the "satisfaction" with which you have witnessed
+their progress, is not sufficient to satisfy their doubting minds, as
+long as you continue to ride into Nashville on Sabbath, and retail
+political slang at the INN, or read Sag Nicht papers at the _Union
+Office_, to the neglect of the house of God, and the evil example set
+before young men, against the statute in such cases made and provided!
+We must, as Ministers, hear you relate your experience, in a regular
+class-meeting. Nay, more, knowing your _raising_, and your ability to
+"deceive, even the very elect," we must see you down upon your
+marrow-bones, surrounded by noisy and zealous officials, pounding you on
+the back, and exclaiming, as in the days of your "sainted father," _Pray
+on, Aaron_! We must hear you _groan_--we must see your sinful old bosom
+_heave_--we must witness the falling of _big tears_, as you publicly
+confess and manfully repent of your misdeeds--of the whole catalogue, of
+all the inward and outward iniquities of your past life--your sins of
+omission and commission, which God knows are more numerous than the
+hairs upon your old sinful head! I say we must see all this, and even
+more, before we can have faith in your teachings, as big as even a grain
+of mustard seed!
+
+But you are the "son of a now sainted father"--you derive great
+"satisfaction" from the "growth and progress" of Methodism--you
+"approve" the Methodist "creed"--and hence, a glorious future awaits the
+Methodist Church: _provided_ always, that her "Bishops, Elders, and
+other Ministers" hearken to and obey your teachings, a thing they are
+very certain not to do, in the matter under consideration. It is a
+melancholy fact, that many of the sons of Methodist, and other
+Ministers, are very wicked and unpromising men; and it is equally true,
+and certainly notorious, that where they turn out to be sinners, they
+are sinners above all offenders, dwelling either at Jerusalem or
+elsewhere! I have no hesitancy in pronouncing you as _hard a case_, in a
+moral point of view, as ever came before the Church, and the only
+appropriate reply her ecclesiastical dignitaries can make to your
+address, is to appoint a day of fasting and prayer to God, for your
+conversion, to be observed throughout her borders. I now, as the
+appointed organ of the Church, set apart the first day of January, 1856,
+and I pray you, as one desiring the salvation of your soul, to be in the
+spirit and in a proper frame of mind on that day! Humble yourself before
+God--tell him that you were in error in stealing the livery of Heaven to
+serve the Devil in! Tell him that you are an old worn-out political
+hack--that you have grown gray in the service of sin--that during the
+whole of a somewhat eventful life, your labors have been in the dirtiest
+pools of party politics--that you have been insincere and unscrupulous
+in all your teachings and acts--that you stand before the people of
+Tennessee publicly branded by _eight_ respectable and reliable citizens
+of Wilson county, as a _falsifier_ in the Know Nothing controversy of
+the past summer--and that you are sorry for having come forth steeped to
+the nose and chin in political profligacy, to lecture grave Clergymen
+upon subjects you ought to set at their feet and learn lessons about!
+Tell your God, what he doubtless knows, that though the "son of a now
+sainted father," you are as full of devils as ever Mary Magdalene
+was--that like the "Imps of Sin," in Milton, these "yelp all around"
+you--that this is no reflection upon a "now sainted father," whose
+seeming neglect of your early training grew out of his continual absence
+from home, as is the case with most Methodist Preachers,--aye, tell your
+God, that once out of this scrape, you will never be caught in another
+of the kind! You say,
+
+     "From the foundation of our government, it has been a conceded
+     and settled doctrine, that the various religious denominations
+     should not, as such, intermeddle with the political contests of
+     the day. No instance is now remembered where they have done
+     so!"
+
+This is a remarkable sentence, and partakes of the nature of your Wilson
+county assertions! The history of the Church, and of the world,
+contradicts every word of the foregoing, and demonstrates that the
+"settled doctrine" of the Catholic Church, has ever been, as it still
+is, to "intermeddle with the political contests of the day." I will
+trouble you with two instances in which "religious denominations, as
+such," have been guilty of what you deny. The Albany (N. Y.) State
+Register, a paper which usually does not say what it cannot maintain,
+states that ARCHBISHOP HUGHES has issued a mandate, _commanding_ all
+Catholics in the Albany District, in the exciting State election now
+coming off, to cast their votes for Mr. Crosby for the Senate. But Roman
+Catholics, you falsely tell us, never "intermeddle with the political
+contests of the day:" O no!
+
+The other "instance now remembered," is the one in which you were a
+candidate for a seat in the Legislature of Tennessee, in the county of
+Giles: this was, according to my recollection, in 1831, or a quarter of
+a century ago. At that time, there was a small Manual Labor School in
+Giles, which had been incorporated by the Legislature, and at the head
+of which was a _Presbyterian_. The gentleman who ran against you, if not
+a member of the Presbyterian Church, "approved" their "creed," and
+"witnessed their growth and progress for years with the highest
+satisfaction." _You_ charged upon the stump that the Presbyterians were
+seeking to establish their religion by law, to unite Church and
+State--appealed to the Methodist and Baptist to put them down by
+electing you, with a promise that you would check their march by
+counter-legislation--and you were elected upon this issue. At the same
+time, as the oldest inhabitants of Giles know, there were not fifty
+Presbyterians in the county! But "no instance is remembered" in which
+one sect has intermeddled with another--O no! You say:
+
+     "In the mutations of parties in this country, a new one has
+     lately arisen, to which, I apprehend, more of the Methodist
+     ministers have attached themselves, at least in the State of
+     Tennessee, than might have been expected. This party, known as
+     the Know Nothings, is so _peculiar_ in its organization, that
+     it seems strange to me that any minister or professor of
+     religion should be willing longer to continue in it."
+
+Your apprehensions are well-founded, when you suppose that a very large
+proportion of the Methodist ministers in Tennessee are either members of
+this new party or sympathize with it. And, sir, more of the ministers of
+other denominations than you seem to be aware of, have either attached
+themselves to this party, "in the mutations of parties," or act with it,
+and endorse its aims and objects, than you have yet dreamed of! And "it
+seems strange" to these ministers, and thousands of the purest and best
+laymen in the Protestant ranks, "that any minister or professor of
+religion should be willing longer" to oppose the principles of this
+party, or array themselves under the black flag of Papal Rome, and of
+the pauper emigrants with whom she is flooding our land! But, sir, the
+object of your Address is, to persuade if you can, and if not, _to
+drive_, by motives of fear, the Clergy of the Methodist Church from
+their position on this great American and Protestant question. Alas, how
+little does the "son of a sainted father" understand the material he
+attempts to work upon! Methodist ministers are free men, the equals of
+other moral and upright men in heroic virtues, and far in advance of
+that of politicians in Tennessee who believe parties in religion, as in
+politics, are only "held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder," and who assume to direct public opinion from a principle, of
+which _selfishness_ is the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end!
+Sir, the violence, bitterness, and the very inflammatory tone, not to
+say language, of your Gallatin, Lebanon, and Columbia speeches, are
+enough, it seems to me, to _nauseate_ every good and conservative
+citizen, and to disgust every "Bishop, Elder, and other Ministers,
+Itinerant and Local, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South." Even in
+this Address, you insult these ministers on every page. I see not how
+any preacher, with a true Protestant and American heart in him, can read
+this address of yours through, without rising up from his seat and
+saying: "I have voted with this Anti-Protestant and Anti-American party
+for the last time."
+
+In warning Methodist ministers to withdraw their sanction and
+approbation of Know Nothingism, you say:
+
+     "I therefore call upon them this day to come out of these
+     lodges, and never return to them: at all events, never return
+     to them until all _secrecy_, all their bits of red paper,
+     (indicating _blood_, even by the selection of color,) all their
+     signs and signals, are utterly abolished and dispensed with. I
+     call upon them to do this, and to do it forthwith--by their
+     hopes of heaven--by their obedience to the word of God--by
+     their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their
+     country--to come out from any party which has adopted a mode
+     and plan of organization so fatal to the peace of society, and
+     the progress of true religion."
+
+What egotism! _You_ call upon them! You make a freer use of the personal
+pronoun _I_, than even old Parson Longstreet, the Know Nothing slayer of
+Mississippi. To parse your different sentences syntactically, nothing
+else is necessary but to understand the first person singular, and to
+repeat the rule. Not only your verbiage but your sentiment is thus
+egotistic throughout!
+
+Your appeal to the ministers to come out of this organization, on the
+ground of its _secrecy_, is a species of demagoguism, the more
+disgusting when it is considered that you are a _Free Mason_, and have,
+by all the arts and blandishment of your nature, sought to induce
+ministers to go into that organization. But, then, there is no violation
+of law or the Constitution in _Masonry_--"fatal to the peace of society
+and to the progress of true religion"--no, nothing! Understand me: I am
+not opposed to Masonry.
+
+On this subject of the Romish creed, which you excuse, and even
+_advocate_, you admit that there are "_alleged_ abuses," which have
+prompted the Protestant Churches to unite themselves with this new
+Order! Then you insultingly tell these Churches this tale:
+
+     "But they ought to have remembered, that even a virtuous
+     indignation can never justify _proscription and persecution_:
+     these bring no remedy to the real or supposed evils, but are
+     sure to increase and aggravate them. These errors in faith, and
+     abominations in practice, if they really exist, were known to
+     the Wesleys, and Cokes, and Asburys, who founded your Church:
+     to the Lees, the Bruces, the Capers, the Logan Douglasses, the
+     Summerfields, and the Bascoms, who subsequently extended and
+     adorned it. But they never proposed to kindle, in this
+     enlightened age of Christianity, the consuming fires of
+     RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION."
+
+Now, sir, every distinguished "founder" of the Methodist Church you have
+named, from WESLEY to BASCOM, has written and preached against the
+"errors in faith, and abominations in practice," of the Romish Church,
+and they each and all have taken this very ground upon the religious
+issues. I have heard _three_ of these men preach, and I am familiar with
+the writings of the rest, and know whereof I speak.
+
+You _intentionally_ deceive and misrepresent the American party, when
+you charge that they seek to proscribe one class of our citizens--that
+they desire to interfere with the rights of conscience--and to say _how_
+men should worship God. Why don't you inform your readers that
+Archbishop Hughes, and other Catholic Bishops, were the first to
+introduce religion into political discussion in this country? This would
+not suit your purposes--it suits your objects, taste, and inclination
+better, to slander the American party by wholesale, and to charge upon
+its members the atrocities committed by your foreign and pauper allies.
+We only choose to vote against them, and to vote for American-born
+citizens and Protestants: which is as much our _right_, as it is the
+right of these foreign Catholics to vote against and proscribe American
+Protestants. For this, you and your villainous associates exhaust the
+whole vocabulary of Billingsgate upon the American party. What is their
+offence? Why, they simply place certain questions before persons
+desiring to act with them, which they think, at least, may affect the
+national welfare, and before the people of the Union, and ask their
+opinion of these questions at the ballot-box. The American party has
+always denied, and I again reiterate the denial, that we do, at all
+proscribe, or in any way interfere with, any class of our foreign
+citizens, save that we propose to send _convicts_ from European prisons
+back to their own native and infamous dens, as fast as they land
+here--but these are not _citizens_ of ours. I appeal to our Platform,
+and our Book of Constitutions, and I offer to any man a handsome
+reward--any man who will produce in either a statement containing the
+proscription you falsely charge against us. I now say, Gov. Brown,
+either do this, or cease your empty vaporing against the _proscriptive_
+features of our system, as you are pleased to style it. You declaim most
+lustily in favor of religious liberty for Catholics, which you know we
+do not propose as a party to interfere with; and this you plead for at
+the altar of Methodist "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," who know
+there is no religious liberty for Protestants where Catholics have the
+power to prevent it! You plead in the most plaintive tones for the
+rights of foreign Catholics to be sworn into good citizens in less than
+_one year_ after they land here, but do not seem to remember the
+American Protestant wives and children, who have to subsist on charity
+during our severe winters, in consequence of their husbands and fathers
+being elbowed out of employment by the competition of foreign pauper
+laborers!
+
+Sir, the American party, if in power, would put a stop to that
+proscription from office that has always characterized the party with
+which you act, and which has made the present Administration so very and
+so justly odious to the country. Proscription, indeed! Was there ever
+such _glaring_ and _actual_ proscription for the sake of religious and
+political creeds committed as by the present Administration? The
+infamous Sag Nicht party with which you act, and of which you are a
+leader and a High Priest, though the "son of a now sainted father," has
+applied the political guillotine to almost every man in office who has
+dared to differ with them in their high estimate of foreign paupers and
+Catholic vagabonds, in many instances turning out native-born
+Protestants, and filling their places with foreign Catholics. And yet,
+with a degree of effrontery that throws the Devil far into the shade,
+you turn round and charge the American party with proscription, and ask
+the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," of the Methodist Church, "by
+their hopes of heaven--by their obedience to the word of God--and by
+their allegiance to the Constitution and laws of their country," to come
+out from a party so proscriptive! Why, sir, you out-Herod old Herod
+himself! Your teachings contrasted with your practice, would cause a
+crimsoned negative to settle on the cheeks of old Pilate! And still you
+are the "son of a now sainted father"--you "approve" the "creed" of
+Methodism, and have "witnessed its growth and prosperity for years, with
+the highest satisfaction!"
+
+You quote from the Declaration of Independence, to show that toleration
+should be extended to Catholics and foreigners, and then insultingly
+add, as if you supposed no Methodist minister had ever perused the
+writings of Mr. JEFFERSON:
+
+     "These are the words of Mr. Jefferson, but the immortal
+     sentiment springs directly from the word of the living and true
+     God. No: persecution at the stake, or by exclusion of Catholics
+     from office, is not the weapon to be wielded by the Protestant
+     Churches."
+
+_You_ know that the notes of warning given to his countrymen by the sage
+of Monticello, and the great APOSTLE of American Democracy, are in
+harmony with the doctrines of the Know Nothing party. But you choose to
+conceal this fact from the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the
+Methodist Church, in the vain hope that their numerous pressing and
+official engagements will not allow them time to look up the documents.
+In Mr. Jefferson's Notes on Virginia, written in 1781, and published in
+1794, pages 124-5, I find the following _Know Nothing doctrine_:
+
+     "But are there no inconveniences to be thrown into the scale
+     against the advantage expected from a multiplication of numbers
+     by the importation of foreigners? It is for the happiness of
+     those united in society to harmonize, as much as possible, in
+     matters which they must of necessity transact together. Civil
+     government being the sole object of forming societies, its
+     administration must be conducted by common consent. Every
+     species of government has specific principles. Ours, perhaps,
+     are more peculiar than those of any other in the universe. It
+     is a composition of the freest principles of the English
+     constitution, with others derived from natural right and
+     natural reason. To these nothing can be more opposed than the
+     maxims of absolute monarchs. Yet _from such we are to expect
+     the greatest number of immigrants_. They will bring with them
+     the _principles of the government they leave, imbibed in early
+     youth_: or, if able to throw them off, it will be in exchange
+     for an _unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from
+     one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop
+     precisely at the point of temperate liberty_. These principles,
+     with their language, they will transmit to their children. In
+     proportion with their numbers, they will share with us the
+     legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and
+     bias its directions, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent,
+     distracted mass. _I may appeal to experience during the present
+     contest for a verification of these conjectures._ But if they
+     be not certain in event, are they not possible? are they not
+     probable? Is it not safer to wait with patience twenty-seven
+     years and three months longer for the attainment of every
+     degree of population desired or expected? May not our
+     government be more homogeneous, more peaceable, more durable?"
+
+Again, Mr. JEFFERSON, whilst our Minister to the Court of St. Cloud,
+addressed a letter to JOHN JAY, dated November 14, 1788, in which he
+uses this language:
+
+     "With respect to the _Consular_ appointments, it is a duty on
+     me to add some observations, which my situation here has
+     enabled me to make. I think it was in the spring of 1784, that
+     Congress (harassed by multiplied applications from foreigners,
+     of whom nothing was known but on their information, or on that
+     of others as unknown as themselves) came to the resolution that
+     the interest of America would not permit the naming of any
+     person, not a citizen, to the office of Consul, or Agent, or
+     Commissary. _Native citizens, on several valuable accounts, are
+     preferable to aliens, or citizens alien-born._ Native citizens
+     possess our language, know our laws, customs and commerce, have
+     general acquaintance in the United States, give better
+     satisfaction, _and are more to be relied on in a point of
+     fidelity_. To avail ourselves of our native citizens, it
+     appears to me advisable to _declare, by standing law_, that no
+     person but a native citizen shall be capable of the office of
+     Consul. This was the rule of 1784, restraining the office of
+     Consul to native citizens."
+
+In 1797, Mr. JEFFERSON drafted a petition to the Legislature of
+Virginia, on behalf of the citizens of Amherst, Albemarle, Fluvana, and
+Gouchland Bounties, in which he uses the following language:
+
+     "Your petitioners further submit to the two Houses of Assembly,
+     whether the safety of the citizens of this Commonwealth, in
+     their persons, their property, their laws and government, does
+     not require that the capacity to act in the important office of
+     _Juror, Grand or Petty, civil or criminal_, should not be
+     restrained in future to native citizens, or such as were
+     citizens at the date of the Treaty of Peace which closed our
+     revolutionary war; and whether ignorance of our laws, and
+     natural partiality to the countries of their birth, are not
+     reasonable causes for declaring this to be one of their rights
+     incommunicable in future to adopted citizens."--_Jefferson's
+     Writings, Vol. IX., page 453._
+
+Now, Sir, answer me in candor, are you not ashamed of having quoted Mr.
+JEFFERSON, and of having so basely misrepresented his position on this
+great American question? Did not Mr. JEFFERSON propose to carry his
+opposition to foreigners much farther than the American party now do?
+
+But, you vile old demagogue, though "son of a now sainted father," I am
+determined you shall not escape the indignant powers of those "Bishops,
+Elders, and other Ministers," whom you have wickedly sought to deceive.
+It is known to you, and to the world, in what veneration all American
+Democrats hold the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and '99, and the fame of
+Mr. MADISON, who was the ruling spirit of that session of the
+Legislature. That Legislature passed the following Resolution, which you
+may find by consulting Henning's Statutes at Large, Vol. 2, New Series,
+page 194:
+
+     "That the General Assembly, nevertheless, concurring in opinion
+     with the Legislature of Massachusetts that every Constitutional
+     barrier should be opposed to the introduction of foreign
+     influence into our National Councils,--_Resolved_, That the
+     Constitution ought to be so amended that _no foreigner, who
+     shall have acquired the right, under our Constitution and laws,
+     at the time of making the amendment, shall hereafter be
+     eligible to the office of Senator or Representative_, in
+     Congress of the United States, nor to _any office in the
+     Judiciary or Executive_. Agreed to by the Senate, Jan. 16,
+     1799."
+
+I shall next consider two extracts from your Address, under one general
+head, relating to the _temporal_ power of the Pope. You say:
+
+     "But the genius of sophistry may fly to the rescue of
+     Know-Nothingism, by pretending that it is not on account of
+     _his religion_ that the Catholic is to be excluded from office,
+     but because he is subjected, not merely to the spiritual but
+     the _temporal dominion_ or jurisdiction of the Pope. No error
+     has been wider spread than this."
+
+Again:
+
+     "A late distinguished Senator from Georgia, (Mr. Berrien,) in a
+     recent address to the public, has copied a letter of Mr.
+     Wesley, which may require a few observations. That letter was
+     dated in January, 1780. All its conclusions were founded on the
+     ASSUMED AND POPULAR OPINION of that day, that the Pope _did_
+     claim a civil jurisdiction beyond his own dominions--that he
+     _could_ absolve the subjects of other governments from their
+     oaths of allegiance, and _that there was_ a principle in one of
+     the tenets of that Church, that Catholics were justified in not
+     keeping faith with heretics. Against these ASSUMED AND POPULAR
+     OPINIONS, the Catholics of England in that day, as they now do
+     in this country, were solemnly protesting."
+
+This is a modest way of giving Mr. Wesley the _lie_, but it is
+nevertheless quite _direct_, and is the more surprising, as it comes
+from the "son of a now sainted father," who was a follower of Wesley, a
+"co-laborer of that noble band of Christian ministers" he was
+instrumental in starting out into the world--aye, the son of a "father
+who, for forty years, ministered at the altars" this same Wesley
+erected! In holding up John Wesley as the _vile calumniator_ of the
+Catholic Church in England, it is well enough, Governor, to be modest
+about it, and cautious in the selection of your words, as you are
+addressing a class of men who believe in John Wesley, as a faithful man
+of God, and one incapable of misrepresenting the Catholics of England,
+the Pope of Rome, or any other sect or individual! John Wesley
+ministered at the sacred altars of religion for more than sixty years;
+he had with him the power of God, and the witness that he pleased Him;
+and the last words he uttered, with his hands clasped, and his eyes
+raised toward heaven, were these: "_The best of all is, God is with
+us!_" And yet the sons and grandsons in the gospel, of this venerated
+and sainted man of God, are insulted in Tennessee, by being told by an
+_impertinent old sinner_, and a _vile old party hack_, that he was A
+LIAR, while living, and the _slanderer of the Catholic Church_, now that
+he is no more! If Mr. Wesley "_assumed_" falsehoods in reference to the
+Romish Church in England, he either did it in _ignorance_, or with _a
+guilty knowledge_ of the fact. He was a man of too much learning and
+information for his friends to get him out of such an indictment under a
+plea of ignorance. He is therefore, though dead, A WILFUL LIAR,
+according to "Ex-Gov. A. V. Brown," for the Governor goes on to argue
+the cause against him, and, on page 19 of his address, quotes _Catholic_
+authority to _prove_ him a liar! Shame on the "son of a now sainted
+father," and on the _holy seer of Pisgah_! O! Aaron, thou priest of
+corrupt Democracy, you need not endeavor to gull "bishops, elders, and
+other ministers," with your _whining cant_, while you thus traduce their
+great spiritual head, who, under God, taught them the lessons of
+salvation!
+
+Gov. Brown, go with me, as one of the admirers of John Wesley, to the
+humble dwellings of the miners of Cornwall, to the homely tents of the
+colliers of Kingswood and Newcastle, and to the equally humble workshops
+of the manufacturers of Yorkshire, in England, who are rejoicing in God
+their Saviour that a Wesley was ever born into the world, and ask them
+if they believe him capable of slandering the Catholics! Go with me
+among the backwoodsmen of North America, and examine them in their lone
+tents--go among the honest and virtuous settlers on our Western
+frontiers, amid the interminable forests of the far off West, whose
+thousands are brought into the fold of Christ, through the
+instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, and ask them if they think the
+founder of their Church was _a wilful liar_!
+
+Go with me to the rich pastures and luxuriant harvest-fields of your own
+native Middle Tennessee: enter the neat cottages and stately mansions of
+that glorious division of our State, and ask the intelligent and
+educated females, who are rejoicing in God, in hope of future and
+eternal life, through the prayers and sermons of Wesleyan ministers, as
+instruments in the hands of God, if they believe the founder of their
+Church was _a wicked calumniator_! Go to the islands of the sea, to the
+burning sands of Africa, and ask the benighted converts from heathenism,
+through the instrumentality of Wesleyan ministers, if they believe the
+venerable founder of their Church was a man of truth!
+
+Enter the dwellings of the rich and fashionable planters of the
+South--ride around their sugar and cotton plantations, among the sable
+sons and daughters of Africa, and witness the blessed fruits of the
+pious life, Christian integrity, and triumphant death of John Wesley!
+Come over to East Tennessee, Governor, and enter the log-cabins of the
+virtuous, happy peasantry of the "hill country," and ask them whether
+they believe Mr. Wesley or your Catholic authorities, touching the
+temporal power of the Pope of Rome!
+
+Alas! Gov. Brown, the Reformation dawned with LUTHER in Germany, but the
+sun of its glory rose with Methodism in England; the first streaks of
+_Protestant_ light were seen on the horizon of the sixteenth century,
+but the meridian sun of the Reformation dawned in all his brightness on
+the Wesleys and Whitefield! But America has been the land of the glory
+and triumph of the doctrines of the man you labor to convict of the
+awful sin of lying!
+
+But you deny that the Pope of Rome, in _temporal_ matters, claims what
+Mr. Wesley attributed to him in the letter copied by Senator Berrien.
+You also deny that the Popes claim and have exercised the right to
+interfere with matters of government, and the right to absolve their
+followers in other countries, and under other governments, from their
+allegiance to such rulers and governments. I will proceed to vindicate
+Mr. Wesley, and, by the proof, saddle the lie on you! Whilst John was
+King of England, he had the "Magna Charta," the great charter securing,
+among other things, the right of trial by jury, wrung from him at the
+point of the bayonet. This great charter was annulled by Pope Innocent.
+Here is the proof:
+
+     "While the king was employed in the siege of Rochester, he
+     received the pleasing intelligence, that according to his
+     request the charter had been annulled by the pontiff. Innocent,
+     enumerating the grounds of his judgment, insists strongly on
+     the violence employed by the barons. If they really felt
+     themselves aggrieved, they ought, he observes, to have accepted
+     the offer of redress by due course of law. They had preferred,
+     however, to break the oath of fealty, which they had taken, and
+     had appointed themselves judges to sit upon their lord. They
+     knew, moreover, that John had enrolled himself among the
+     crusaders; and yet they had not scrupled to violate the
+     privileges which all Christian nations had granted to the
+     champions of the cross. Lastly, England was become the fief of
+     the holy see; and they could not be ignorant that if the king
+     had the will, he had not at least the power, to give away the
+     rights of the crown, without the consent of his feudal
+     superior. He was therefore bound to annul the concessions which
+     had been extorted from John, as having been obtained in
+     contempt of the holy see, to the degradation of royalty, the
+     disgrace of the nation, and to the impediment of the crusade.
+     At the same time he wrote to the barons, re-stating his
+     reasons, exhorting them to submit, requesting them to lay their
+     claims before him in the council to be held at Rome; and
+     promising that he would induce the king to consent to whatever
+     might be deemed just or reasonable, to take care that all
+     grievances should be abolished, that the crown should be
+     content with its just rights, and the clergy and people should
+     enjoy their ancient liberties."--_Lingard's History of
+     England_, vol. ii., page 71.
+
+Will it be said that this was not interfering with _temporal_ matters?
+Will it be said that the right of trial by jury was a _spiritual_
+matter? Will it be said that the tyranny of King John, and his
+oppressions, of which the barons justly complained, were _spiritual_
+matters? No sensible advocate of Romanism will say this!
+
+The next instance of an interference by the Pope in temporal affairs, to
+which I shall call your attention, Governor, is his excommunication of
+Elizabeth, Queen of England. She was immediately preceded on that throne
+by her sister Mary, who was a Catholic. For no other reason than that
+Elizabeth was a _Protestant_, and would not submit her rights and
+kingdom to the control of the Pope, Pius V. thundered forth at her
+devoted head the following anathema, from his throne at the Vatican,
+situated at the foot of one of the seven hills upon which Rome is built:
+
+     EXCOMMUNICATION AND DEPOSITION Of QUEEN ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND.
+
+     "Pius, etc., for a future memorial of the matter. He that
+     reigneth on high, to whom is given all power in heaven and on
+     earth, committed one Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, _out
+     of which there is no salvation_, to one alone upon the earth,
+     Peter the Prince of the Apostles, and to Peter's successor, the
+     Bishop of Rome, to be governed in _fulness of power_. Him alone
+     he made prince over all people, and all kingdoms, to pluck up,
+     destroy, scatter, consume, plant and build, etc. But the number
+     of the ungodly hath gotten such power, that there is now no
+     place left in the whole world which they have not essayed to
+     corrupt with their most wicked doctrines. Amongst others,
+     Elizabeth, _the pretended Queen of England, a slave of
+     wickedness_, lending thereunto her helping hand, with whom, as
+     in a sanctuary, the most pernicious of all men have found a
+     refuge; this very woman having seized upon the kingdom, and
+     monstrously usurping the place of the supreme Head of the
+     Church in all England, and the chief authority and jurisdiction
+     thereof, hath again brought back the same kingdom to miserable
+     destruction, which was then newly reduced to the faith, and to
+     good order. For having by strong hand inhibited the true
+     religion, which Mary, the lawful queen, of famous memory, had,
+     by the help of this See, restored, after it had been formerly
+     overthrown by King Henry VIII., a revolter therefrom, and
+     following and embracing the errors of _heretics_, she hath
+     removed the royal council, consisting of the English nobility,
+     and filled it with obscure men, being heretics; hath oppressed
+     the embracers of the Roman faith, hath placed impious
+     preachers, ministers of iniquity, and abolished the sacrifice
+     of the mass, prayers, fastings, distinction of meats, a single
+     life, and the rites and ceremonies; hath commanded books to be
+     read in the whole realm, containing manifest heresy, etc. She
+     hath not only contemned the godly requests and admonitions of
+     princes concerning her healing and conversion, but also bath
+     not so much as permitted the Nuncios of the See to cross the
+     seas into England, etc. We do, therefore, out of the fulness of
+     our apostolic power, declare the aforesaid Elizabeth, being
+     heretic, and a favorer of heretics, and her adherents in the
+     matter aforesaid, to have incurred the sentence of anathema,
+     and to be cut off from the unity of the body of Christ. And,
+     moreover, we do declare her to be deprived of her pretended
+     title to the kingdom aforesaid, and of all dominion, dignity,
+     and privilege whatsoever; and also the nobility, subjects, and
+     people of the said kingdom, and all others which have in any
+     sort sworn unto her, to be for ever absolved from any such
+     oath, and all manner of duty or dominion, allegiance and
+     obedience; as we also do, by the authority of these presents,
+     absolve them, and do deprive the same Elizabeth of her
+     pretended title to the kingdom, and all other things aforesaid.
+     And we do command and interdict all and every one of the
+     noblemen, subjects, people, and others aforesaid, that they
+     presume not to obey her, or her admonitions, mandates, and
+     laws; and those who shall do the contrary, we do innodate with
+     the like sentence of ANATHEMA.
+
+     "Given at St. Peter's at Rome, in the year 1569, and the fifth
+     of our pontificate."--_Dowling's History of Romanism_, p. 564.
+
+One more: Sixtus V. thunders his bull of excommunication at this same
+Queen of England--incites Philip of Catholic Spain to make war against
+her country--and graciously _gives_ the British Isles to Philip! Here is
+the bull of Pope Sixtus:
+
+     "We, Sixtus the Fifth, the universal shepherd of the flock of
+     Christ, the supreme chief, to whom the government of the whole
+     world appertains, considering that the people of England and
+     Ireland, after having been so long celebrated for their
+     virtues, their religion, and their submission to our see, have
+     become putrid members, infected, and capable of corrupting the
+     whole Christian body, and on account of their subjection to the
+     impious, tyrannical, and sanguinary government of Elizabeth,
+     the bastard queen, and by the influence of her adherents, who
+     equal her in wickedness; and who refuse, like her, to recognize
+     the power of the Roman Church: regarding that Henry VIII.
+     formerly, for motives of debauchery, commenced all these
+     disorders by revolting against the submission which he owed to
+     the Pope, the sole and true sovereign of England; considering
+     that the usurper Elizabeth has followed the path of this
+     infamous king, we declare that there exists but one mode of
+     remedying these evils, of restoring peace, tranquillity, and
+     union to Christendom, of re-establishing religion, and of
+     leading back the people to obedience to us, which is, to depose
+     from the throne that execrable Elizabeth, who falsely arrogates
+     to herself the title of Queen of the British Isles. Being then
+     inspired by the Holy Spirit for the general good of the Church,
+     we renew, by the virtue of our apostolic power, the sentence
+     pronounced by our predecessor, Pius the Fifth and Gregory the
+     Thirteenth, against the modern Jezebel: we proclaim her
+     deprived of her royal authority, of the rights, titles, or
+     pretensions to which she may lay claim over the kingdoms of
+     Ireland and England, affirming that she possesses them
+     unlawfully and by usurpation. We relieve all her subjects from
+     the oaths they may have taken to her, and we prohibit them from
+     rendering any kind of service to this execrable woman; it is
+     our will, that she be driven from door to door like one
+     possessed of a devil, and that all human aid be refused her;
+     we declare, moreover, that foreigners or Englishmen are
+     permitted, as a meritorious work, to seize the person of
+     Elizabeth and surrender her, living or dead, to the tribunals
+     of the inquisition. We promise to those who shall accomplish
+     this glorious mission, infinite recompenses, not only in the
+     life eternal, but even in this world. Finally, we grant plenary
+     indulgence to the faithful who shall willingly unite with the
+     Catholic army which is going to combat the impious Elizabeth,
+     under the orders of our dear son Philip the Second, to whom we
+     give the British Isles in full sovereignty, as a recompense for
+     the zeal he has always shown toward our see, and for the
+     particular affection he has shown for the Catholics of the Low
+     Country."--_De Cormenin's History of the Popes_, p. 262.
+
+Here is what Macaulay, a reliable historian, says of the baneful effects
+of Romanism:
+
+     "From the time when the barbarians overran the Western Empire
+     to the time of the revival of letters, the influence of the
+     Church of Rome has been generally favorable to science, to
+     civilization, and to good government. But, during the last
+     three centuries, to stunt the growth of the human mind has been
+     her chief object. Throughout Christendom, whatever advance has
+     been made in knowledge, in freedom, in wealth, and in the arts
+     of life, has been made in spite of her, and has everywhere been
+     in inverse proportion to her power. The loveliest and most
+     fertile provinces of Europe have, under her rule, been sunk
+     into poverty, in political servitude, and in intellectual
+     torpor, while Protestant countries, once proverbial for
+     sterility and barbarism, have been turned, by skill and
+     industry, into gardens, and can boast of a long list of heroes
+     and statesmen, philosophers and poets. Whoever, knowing what
+     Italy and Scotland naturally are, and what four hundred years
+     ago they naturally were, shall now compare the country round
+     Rome with the country round Edinburgh, will be able to form
+     some judgment of the tendency of Papal domination. The descent
+     of Spain, once the first among monarchies, to the lowest depths
+     of degradation, the elevation of Holland, in spite of many
+     natural disadvantages, to a position such as no commonwealth so
+     small has ever reached, teach the same lesson. Whoever passes,
+     in Germany, from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant principality,
+     in Switzerland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant canton, in
+     Ireland from a Roman Catholic to a Protestant county, finds
+     that he has passed from a lower to a higher grade of
+     civilization. On the other side of the Atlantic the same law
+     prevails. The Protestants of the United States have left far
+     behind the Roman Catholics of Mexico, Peru, and Brazil. The
+     Roman Catholics of Lower Canada remain inert, while the whole
+     continent round them is in a ferment with Protestant activity
+     and enterprise."--_Macaulay's History of England_, vol. i., p.
+     37.
+
+I must be permitted to add, just here, that in 1848, when the people of
+France expelled Louis Philippe from the throne in Paris, and established
+a Republic, the present old drunken, goutified debauchee, Pope Pius IX.,
+hurled at the French nation a fearful bull of excommunication, and
+denied them the right of revolution! Was this interfering in temporal
+matters? But no longer ago than the year 1854, this same old vagabond,
+Pope Pius, issued orders absolving his followers from all allegiance to
+the Sardinian Government, because that government chose to abolish the
+infamous monasteries, which had been so long supported at the expense of
+an oppressed people! Was this not interfering in temporal matters? I
+could multiply authorities, Governor, to an indefinite extent,
+sustaining Mr. Wesley's views, and falsifying all you say, but this
+would swell my reply beyond what I intended in the outset. Let me call
+your attention to Brownson's Review, for July, 1853, where you will find
+all this power, and even more, claimed for the Pope, over temporal
+sovereigns and their subjects, the world over! This _Review_ is the
+acknowledged organ of _Archbishop Hughes_, the head and front of the
+Catholic Church in North America.
+
+You state that our Declaration of Independence absolved from every
+possible obligation to the Pope in temporal matters. Your language is:
+
+     "The moment it was read and proclaimed from old Independence
+     Hall in Philadelphia, obedience in temporal matters, if it ever
+     existed, ceased for ever, as to every native-born son in
+     America."
+
+You further add that the Constitution of the United States set aside all
+temporal power of the Pope in this country, and that if any doubts
+remain, the finishing touch is given by the following oath of
+naturalization, taken by our naturalized citizens:
+
+     "I do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of
+     the United States, and that I do _absolutely and entirely_
+     renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or state, or sovereignty _whatever_."
+
+Sir, do you suppose that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers,"
+whom you have the impudence to address, are all fools? Do you suppose
+they are men of no reading or information? If they know any thing, they
+certainly know that the oath of naturalization they, the Catholics,
+take, weighs no more with them than a feather. A Catholic can evade the
+force of any oath, by a _mental reservation_. Here is what Sanchez says,
+the very highest Catholic authority, whose teaching, including this
+interpretation of oaths, has been endorsed by the Council of Trent:
+
+     "It is lawful to use _ambiguous terms_ to give the impression a
+     different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+     person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+     though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+     a certain day, or before he was born, or by concealing any
+     other similar circumstances; which gives another meaning to it.
+     This is extremely convenient, and always very just, when
+     necessary to your health, honor, or prosperity."
+
+In addition to this, let me tell you, if you never before knew the fact,
+that Judge Gaston, a distinguished Jurist, and a gentleman of excellent
+character, though a rigid Roman Catholic, of North Carolina, was
+appointed to a seat upon the Supreme Bench of that State. The
+Constitution of that State, unlike those of almost all other States,
+requires every Judge to take an oath, among other things, that HE
+BELIEVES IN THE TRUTH OF THE PROTESTANT RELIGION. Mr. Gaston asked time
+to think over the matter--he repaired to the Archbishop at Baltimore,
+doubtless obtained a dispensation--wrote back to Raleigh from there,
+that he would take the oath--returned, and in due time solemnly swore
+that _he believed in the truth of the Protestant Religion_. He died in
+Raleigh, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court--but lived and died a
+Roman Catholic!
+
+During the past month, in this city, W. G. McAdoo, the Attorney General
+for this Judicial Circuit, had some Irish Catholics brought before the
+Grand Jury, to testify in cases of unlawful gaming and the retailing of
+ardent spirits. The Clerk swore them on a common English Testament, and
+they returned to the Jury room, and testified that they knew of no
+cases! The Attorney for the Commonwealth then procured the _Catholic
+Douay Bible_, with a large _Cross_ upon its outside, swore them upon
+this--sent them in, and they _disgorged_, telling of various cases, and
+enabling the Jury to find bills against even some of their own folks! An
+oath, then, is nothing with strict Roman Catholics, who believe their
+Priests can absolve them from the obligations of any and all oaths. For
+notwithstanding your denial of the fact, it is notoriously true, that
+the members of the Catholic Church believe their Priesthood to exercise,
+by Divine right, the power to fix and determine their eternal destiny.
+Nay, every Roman Catholic in the known world is under the absolute
+control of the Catholic Priesthood, by considerations not only of a
+temporal, but an eternal weight. This is what gives their Priesthood
+such power and influence in elections; an influence they are using in
+every State, against the American party. And it is this faculty of
+concentration, this political influence, this power of the Priesthood to
+control the Catholic community, and cause a vast multitude of ignorant
+foreigners to vote as a _unit_, and thus control the will of the
+American people, that has engendered this opposition to the Catholic
+Church. It is this aggressive policy and corrupting tendency of the
+Romish Church; this organized and concentrated political power of a
+distinct class of men; foreign by birth; inferior in intelligence and
+virtue to the American people, and not their religion and form of
+worship, objectionable as these are known to be, which have called forth
+the opposition of the American party to the Catholic Church.
+
+But, sir, you occupy several pages in copying and commenting upon the
+several oaths administered to the members of the American party--oaths
+which, as you tell us, are revolting in their character, and lead to the
+indiscriminate proscription of all foreigners. I meet all your
+conjectures and wild speculations in reference to these several oaths
+and obligations, by saying, just here, that I have taken them all, and
+that they express my sentiments and feelings to the very letter; and I
+am willing, for the remainder of my days, to go before an acting Justice
+of the Peace, for the county of Knox, and have all three of these oaths
+administered every Monday morning, upon the "Holy Bible and Cross."
+
+You have failed, in your zeal to advocate Romanism and oppose the
+American party, to tell the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom
+you address, that we resort to our oaths and obligations to combat
+successfully the most powerful oath-bound organization the world ever
+knew. The oath of every _Roman Catholic Bishop_ and _Archbishop_ binds
+him to absolute and unquestioned obedience, not only to the present Pope
+but to his successors, "canonically coming in," and to "oppose and
+persecute" all who do not submit to his authority! The oath of every
+_Priest_ binds him to the Church of Rome "as the chief head and matron
+above all pretended Churches throughout the whole earth," and to
+"further her interests more than his own earthly good." The oath of the
+_Jesuit_ binds him to the Pope, as "Christ's Vicar-General," by "all the
+saints and hosts of heaven," and to "denounce and disown any allegiance
+as due to Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+or officers." The oath of the _San Fedisti_, a secret Order established
+by the Papal government in 1821, binds them to sustain "the Papal altar
+and throne, and to exterminate heretics, without pity for the cries of
+children, or of men and women." The oath of the _Irish Ribbon Men_, an
+Order established by the Papal government, and introduced into this
+country by _Bedini_, the Pope's Nuncio, but a few years ago, binds him
+"to extirpate all heretics, and all the Protestants, and to walk in
+their blood to the knees." Is it not time to take the alarm, Governor,
+and to combine to resist all these secret oath-bound associations, which
+now threaten us with the loss of all that freemen and Protestant
+Christians hold dear on earth?
+
+It is a matter of utter astonishment to find a great political party in
+this country, most of whom are native-born Protestants, taking sides
+with a foreign Church, whose designs against this country, according to
+the avowals of the Duke of Richmond, lately Governor-General of Canada,
+are of the most wicked and fearful character! Speaking of this
+government, the Duke said in a public address, on our northern border:
+
+     "It will be destroyed: it ought not, and will not be permitted
+     to exist. The curse of the French revolution, and subsequent
+     wars and commotions in Europe, are to be attributed to its
+     example; and so long as it exists, no prince will be safe upon
+     his throne; and _the sovereigns of Europe are aware of it_, and
+     they have _determined upon its destruction, and have come to an
+     understanding upon this subject, and have decided on the means
+     to accomplish it_; and they will eventually succeed, by
+     SUBVERSION _rather than conquest_. All the low and surplus
+     population of the different nations of Europe will be carried
+     into that country. It is and will be a receptacle for the bad
+     and disaffected population of Europe, when they are not wanted
+     for soldiers, or to supply the navies; _and the governments of
+     Europe will favor such a course_. This will create a surplus
+     and majority of low population, who are so very easily excited;
+     and they will bring with them their principles, and in nine
+     cases out of ten adhere to their ancient and former
+     governments, laws, manners, customs, and religion, and will
+     transmit them to their posterity; and in many cases propagate
+     them among the natives. These men will become citizens, and by
+     the Constitution and laws will be invested with the right of
+     suffrage. Hence, discord, dissension, anarchy, and civil war
+     will ensue; and some popular individual will assume the
+     government, and restore order, and the sovereigns of Europe,
+     the emigrants, and many of the natives, will sustain him. The
+     Church of Rome has a design upon that country; and it will in
+     time be the established religion, and will aid in the
+     destruction of that Republic. _I have conversed with many of
+     the sovereigns and princes of Europe; and they have unanimously
+     expressed these opinions relative to the government of the
+     United States, and their determination to subvert it._"
+
+The monarchs of Europe, says the Duke of Richmond, will aid in sending
+us a surplus of "low, excitable, bad, and disaffected men," who will
+bring with them their principles, and will adhere to their foreign
+notions of government, laws, manners, customs, and religion--and that
+religion Catholic; and yet _you_, the "son of a now sainted father," of
+Protestant raising, have the brazen effrontery to call upon the
+"Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of an American Protestant Church
+to aid you, your corrupt party, and the monarchs of Europe, in
+destroying both our government and Church!
+
+Sir, it is passing strange that Protestant Christians and their children
+should be found side by side with you, Bishop Hughes, Gov. Johnson, and
+the thousands of bad men who are seeking to build up a Roman Hierarchy
+in this free country of ours! What do you promise the country and
+yourselves, if Romanism proves successful in this contest? The history
+of the past informs us that Rome has slain 1,000,000 of Albigenses and
+Waldenses; 1,500,000 Jews, in Spain; 3,000,000 Moors, in Spain. France
+will never forget St. Bartholomew's Night, when 100,000 souls perished
+in Paris alone! The blood of Protestants has fertilized the soil of
+England, Germany, and Ireland. I mean by this, that enough of Protestant
+blood has been shed to _enrich_ all the poor lands of England, Germany,
+and Ireland, if it were properly distributed. In all, the authentic
+records of the Romish Church show, (and of this she makes her boast,)
+that she has put to death SIXTY-EIGHT MILLIONS of human beings, for no
+other offence than that of being _Protestants_ in their religious faith!
+Average each person slain at four gallons of blood, and medical writers
+say a healthy person yields more, and it makes TWO HUNDRED AND
+SEVENTY-TWO MILLIONS OF GALLONS!--enough to overflow the banks of the
+Mississippi, and destroy all the cotton and sugar plantations in
+Mississippi and Louisiana!
+
+But you argue, in your blasphemous publication, that this is no longer a
+characteristic of the Romish Hierarchy. Why is it not? Has she ever
+changed for the better? When did she ever renounce these doctrines and
+practices? Never, no, never! Hers is the same tyrannical system
+now--where she has the power--that it always has been, and always must
+be, in the very nature of things! It is her boast, and the boast of her
+standard authors, that she is always right, and knows no change! And wo
+to this land of ours, if ever Rome gets the ascendancy here! Her whole
+system is adverse to our Republican institutions, and she hesitates not
+to declare it! _Brownson_ says in his Review:
+
+     "Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the _lying
+     world_, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+     the State, _summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+     Church, its divinely constituted judge_."
+
+No wonder, sir, that the American people are aroused! Such bold and
+startling avowals are calculated to arouse and unite the somewhat
+divided bands of Protestant Christians; to wake up a host of Luthers,
+Calvins, Cranmers, and Wesleys; to bind together "the heretics condemned
+in a mass." The very latest thing I have seen is the "Pastoral Letter"
+of the Bishops of the Province of St. Louis, just issued. That document
+explicitly says:
+
+     "We maintain the superiority of the _spiritual_ over the
+     _temporal_ order. We maintain that the temporal ruler is
+     _bound_ to conform his enactments to the Divine law. We
+     maintain that the Church is the supreme judge of all questions
+     concerning faith and morals; and that in the determination of
+     such question, the _Roman Pontiff, Vicar of Jesus Christ_,
+     constitutes a tribunal from which there is no appeal; and to
+     whose award all the children of the Church must yield
+     obedience."
+
+Now, sir, after this authoritative and official announcement, I don't
+want to see any more of your wire-drawn distinctions between spiritual
+and temporal allegiance to the Pope. These Bishops say that both are
+alike binding. Nor do I want to see any more of your malignant efforts
+to fix the _lie_ upon Mr. Wesley, for affirming in Europe, during the
+past century, what the Bishops of the United States have announced, in a
+Pastoral Address, in the present day!
+
+Pope Pius IX. has, by a special act, made the Virgin Mary the special
+patron of these United States; but the Protestants of this country have
+also made a decree, and that decree is, that Jesus Christ, and not the
+Virgin Mary, shall be the patron of these United States.
+
+And I am happy to have it in my power to inform you, notwithstanding the
+influence of your Address, that the "Bishops, Elders, and other
+Ministers" of the Methodist Church, both North and South, are ready to
+make a common, determined, prayerful effort to save our native land from
+the threatened slavery of submission to the decisions of the Council of
+Trent, and the equally corrupt conventions of Progressive Democracy!
+
+Assuming what is notoriously _false_--that the Know Nothings are in
+favor of all measures fatal to the South, and destructive to the
+Constitution--you ask on page 25 of your _infinitely infernal_ Address:
+
+     "What if a proposition be pending to repeal the Fugitive Slave
+     Law--the Kansas and Nebraska law--the rejection of a State
+     asking admission into the Union, because its constitution may
+     tolerate slavery?"
+
+You know, sir, that the 12th Plank in the Philadelphia Platform of the
+American party is a safer guaranty upon this slavery question, and the
+perpetuity of existing laws, than is to be found anywhere in the creeds
+of political parties. Here it is in full:
+
+     "The American party having arisen upon the ruins, and in spite
+     of the opposition of the Whig and Democratic parties, can not
+     be held in any manner responsible for the obnoxious acts or
+     violated pledges of either; and the systematic agitation of the
+     slavery question by those parties having elevated sectional
+     hostility into a positive element of political power, and
+     brought our institutions into peril, it has therefore become
+     the imperative duty of the American party to interpose, for the
+     purpose of giving peace to the country, and perpetuity to the
+     Union. And as experience has shown it impossible to reconcile
+     opinions so extreme as those which separate the disputants, and
+     as there can be no dishonor in submitting to the laws, the
+     National Council has deemed it the best guaranty of common
+     justice and of future peace, to abide by and maintain the
+     existing laws upon the subject of slavery, as a final and
+     conclusive settlement of that subject in spirit and in
+     substance.
+
+     "And regarding it the highest duty to avow their opinions upon
+     a subject so important, in distinct and unequivocal terms, it
+     is hereby declared as the sense of this National Council, that
+     Congress possesses no power, under the Constitution, to
+     legislate upon the subject of slavery in the States where it
+     does or may exist, or to exclude any State from admission into
+     the Union, because its Constitution does or does not recognize
+     the institution of slavery as a part of its social system; and
+     expressly pretermitting any expression of opinion upon the
+     power of Congress to establish or prohibit slavery in any
+     Territory, it is the sense of the National Council that
+     Congress ought not to legislate upon the subject of slavery
+     within the Territories of the United States, and that any
+     interference by Congress with slavery as it exists in the
+     District of Columbia, would be a violation of the spirit and
+     intention of the compact by which the State of Maryland ceded
+     the District to the United States, and a breach of the national
+     faith."
+
+In the "wild hunt" for territory by the progressive Democracy, and their
+efforts to settle our Western lands with foreigners who are to a man
+Free Soilers and Abolitionists, the South has more to fear than from all
+other considerations. What is Gov. Johnson's iniquitous Homestead Bill,
+but a bid for foreigners? He proposes to give to the heads of families
+one hundred and sixty acres of land, thus _hiring_ all the convicts and
+paupers of Europe to come and settle in our Western States and
+Territories! Sir, but let your progressive, sublimated,
+double-distilled, converging-lines, Johnsonian Democracy bring into this
+Union one million of Spanish Papists--black, brown, sorrel, and
+tawny--under the guise of acquiring Cuba for the South: let them bring
+eight hundred thousand French and English Papists, under the name of
+acquiring Canada for the North: let them bring two millions of Mexican
+Papists--brown, tawny, red and black, being a mixture of all colors and
+all nations--under the specious pretence of "extending the area of
+freedom"--let all this be done--and your party, made up of native
+traitors, and foreign vagabonds, and Catholic paupers, are aiming at
+it--let it be done, I say, and farewell to liberty, and all that is
+sacred in this country! With five millions of Papists in our midst--four
+millions and a half being of foreign birth, and four millions speaking a
+foreign language--all taught from infancy to hate and detest
+Protestantism as a crime--an American party would become an absolute
+political necessity. Well do the Free Soil papers comprehend this
+matter. Hear the infamous but influential _Chicago Tribune_, one of your
+Douglass organs--one of your foreign Catholic organs. I quote from the
+paper itself:
+
+     "It is now a well-attested fact, that Atchison is a member of
+     the Superior Order of the Spangled Banner, or Know Nothings,
+     and that his infernal villainy in Kansas has been carried on
+     under the protection and patronage of the lodges in Western
+     Missouri. This is a matter that all men in the North should
+     understand, that Northern voters may be exceedingly cautious
+     how they give countenance or support to an Order that, in any
+     of its phases or localities, is capable of producing such
+     results. It is further said, that the members of that Kansas
+     Legislature, now outraging all sense of right and justice by
+     their devilish enactments, are the chosen men of the affiliated
+     Know Nothings in Missouri and Kansas, who back then up in
+     whatever thing they do. Atchison and his gang are the friends
+     of the Order, and through it and Southern Know Nothing support
+     they are sure that their efforts to establish a despotism in
+     the Territory, if necessary, at the point of the bayonet, will
+     be successful. These facts account for many things heretofore
+     inexplicable, and they develop the true reason of the hostility
+     of the border-ruffians to the foreign immigration that would,
+     under other circumstances, people that vast and fertile country
+     west of the Missouri."
+
+Thus it appears that a host of _lousy_ foreigners, fresh from the
+emigrant ships, in which they are brought over to this country as
+_ballast_--having the right to vote conferred upon them by an infamous
+_progressive_ Democratic feature in the Kansas Bill, were expected to
+get the control of affairs in Kansas. It further appears, however, that
+Senator Atchison and his pro-slavery associates supposed that, though
+fresh from their farms, and crossing the line of their State into the
+new Territory, they too had the right to vote without being
+_naturalized_ in Kansas. Hence, in the estimation of this Sag Nicht
+organ at Chicago, a great outrage is committed upon Germany, Ireland,
+and Italy!
+
+Sir, you need not lay the flattering unction to your soul, that you can
+drive the clergy generally from the noble stand they have taken upon
+this great question. Nor need you suppose, for one moment, that the
+American party are conquered, though defeated in several States in the
+recent elections. The party will remain true to its ends. Though it fail
+to command office, it cannot fail to exercise large power. Office is not
+always strength; but sometimes, nay, frequently, as in the case of the
+present Administration, weakness, as time will prove! The aim of the
+American party is, by fair party means, to correct a great social evil
+and political wrong; and if they cannot do that, to mitigate the evil
+and the wrong; if they cannot do that, to prevent its _further
+increase_; and if neither can be done, why, then I confess to you, the
+party will have failed. But, sir, if such a failure take place, rest
+assured that the "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers" of the Methodist
+Church, South, will not help to bring about such a failure! We can
+afford to let such minions of party as you are, rave and rant, and
+publish their expositions, and issue their warnings to Churches: they
+will all serve to swell our ranks. All true American hearts, not chained
+to the car of party, or bound down by the cords of plunder, think alike
+upon the great questions that have called the American party into
+existence. Little do we regard the slanders of the pensioners of party.
+Let their speeches and publications teem with wholesale slanders of our
+creed: the political jockeyism of these thimble-riggers, as in your own
+case, is too apparent!
+
+From Maine to the shores of the Pacific the country is convulsed with
+intense excitement upon this subject. Shall Americans govern themselves,
+or shall Foreigners, unacquainted with our laws, and brought up under
+monarchical governments, rule? Shall those who are temporally and
+spiritually subject to a foreign prince be our legislators,
+post-masters, foreign ministers, and military leaders, and change our
+laws as they are directed by the Pope of Rome? Such results the American
+party have set out to prevent. The present excitement will not cease;
+true Americans and Protestants will labor and pray until our distracted
+country shall be redeemed from the influence of civil and ecclesiastical
+tyranny.
+
+Now, Governor, I have noticed all your charges, arguments, and appeals,
+but one, and that is the allegation that Methodist clerical Know
+Nothings are _conspirators_. Your argument is--and I wish to represent
+you correctly--"The offence of conspiracy is not confined to the
+prejudicing of a particular individual; it may be to injure public
+trade, to affect public health, or to _violate public policy_."
+
+You cite Blackstone's Commentary, and other English Law Books, to
+satisfy the Clergy as to the _law of conspiracy_. This done, you
+overwhelm them with this sage and logical conclusion:
+
+     "The gist of the offence of conspiracy consists in a
+     confederacy to do an _unlawful act_, and the offence is
+     complete when the confederacy is made."
+
+I will concede, for the sake of the argument, that this is sound law,
+and that yours is a logical deduction. Nay, I will concede more--I grant
+that it is an unlawful act for native Americans, and Protestant
+Christians, whether ministers or laymen, to resolve, or swear, as we
+Know Nothings have all done, that we will not vote for Catholics and
+Foreigners for public offices! I take the ground you do, that a man's
+vote is not his own, and that it is only to be disposed of by the
+leaders of the party with which he may act!
+
+And now, if you and I, both great men, and _Doctors of Law_, are correct
+in laying down the law, and the _privilege of voters in this free
+country_, what an infamous body of conspirators the Democrats are, and
+have always been! For a quarter of a century, they have conspired to
+keep the Whigs out of office--have succeeded in doing so most of that
+time--and have kept thousands of them who are poor from becoming rich!
+More recently, they have conspired with Abolitionists, Free Soilers,
+Fourierites, Spiritualists, Roman Catholics, Irish, French, and German
+paupers, and all manner of European convicts, to keep the American party
+out of office, and have succeeded in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia,
+Alabama, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Texas, and other States--thereby
+depriving the Americans of "lots" of money and honors, both of which
+they need, and both of which are their _birthrights_!
+
+The "Bishops, Elders, and other Ministers," whom you address, in
+opposition to the great sin of _conspiracy_, would more cheerfully unite
+with you to enforce law and order, and to prosecute offenders, but for
+the fact that the _Abolition wing of your party_ once conspired against
+them, to deprive their wives, children, widows, and orphans, of their
+lawful portion of the great Book Concern in New York, and they were
+compelled to punish the conspirators, at great expense, however, in the
+District and Supreme Courts of the United States!
+
+But, Sir, upon the subject of _oaths_, you are eloquent, apt in your
+quotations of Scripture, and evince great learning in the legal
+profession! You charge that "Know Nothingism is both unchristian and
+unlawful, because of its _oaths_, which have no Scripture warrant for
+their administration!" One of your quotations from the Bible is this:
+"Swear not at all: neither by heaven, for it is God's throne: nor by the
+earth, for it is his footstool." Your mind has undergone a great change
+upon the subject of _oaths_ and _hard swearing_, since the 21st of
+June, 1845, when you delivered your celebrated "Mount Pisgah" speech at
+Athens. You then advised the people of the State to administer "horrible
+oaths," and to swear by the "_heavens_," aye, "God's throne." But then
+you were a Know Nothing. Here is what you say in your _revised_ copy of
+that memorable speech:
+
+     "Go up with me in imagination and stand for awhile on some
+     lofty summit of the Rocky Mountains. Let us take one ravishing
+     view of this broad land of liberty. Turn your face toward the
+     Gulf of Mexico: what do you behold? Instead of one lone star
+     faintly shining in the far distant south, a whole galaxy of
+     stars of the first magnitude are bursting on your vision and
+     shining with a bright and glorious effulgence. Now turn with me
+     to the west--the mighty west--where the setting sun dips her
+     disk in the western ocean. Look away down through the misty
+     distance to the shores of the Pacific, with all its bays, and
+     harbors, and rivers. Cast your eyes as far as the Russian
+     Possessions, in latitude fifty-four degrees and forty minutes.
+     What a new world lies before you! How many magnificent States
+     to be the future homes of the sons and daughters of freedom!
+     But you have not gazed on half this glorious country. Turn now
+     your face to the east, where the morning sun first shines on
+     this land of liberty. Away yonder, you see the immortal old
+     thirteen, who achieved our independence; nearer to us lie the
+     twelve or fifteen States of the great valley of the
+     Mississippi, stretching and reposing like so many giants in
+     their slumbers. O! now I see your heart is full--it can take in
+     no more. Who now feels like he was a party man, or a southern
+     man, or a northern man? Who does not feel that he is an
+     American, and thankful to Heaven that his lot was cast in such
+     a goodly land? When did mental vision ever rest on such a
+     scene? Moses, when standing on the top of Mount Pisgah, looking
+     over on the promised land, gazed not on a scene half so lovely.
+     O! let us this day _vow_ that whatever else we may do, by
+     whatever name we may be called, we will never surrender one
+     square acre of this goodly heritage to the DICTATION of any
+     king or potentate on earth. SWEAR IT! SWEAR IT! my countrymen,
+     and let HEAVEN RECORD THE VOW FOR EVER!"
+
+In conclusion, Governor, suffer a few words of advice, and I will bring
+this letter, already too long, to a close. You are advanced in years,
+nay, you have grown gray in the service of sin, and political intrigues;
+and at most you have not long to live. Cease your political aspirations,
+and turn your attention to future and eternal things! You have been a
+member of our State Legislature; subsequently, a member of Congress; and
+more recently the Governor of our State; honors and stations, to say the
+least of it, equal to your merits and talents!
+
+As a true "son of a now sainted father," from whom you have been
+separated for many years, so demean yourself in future, that you may not
+be separated, world without end! Humble yourself before God; confess
+your numerous sins; and instead of lecturing God's ministers upon the
+subject of party politics, ask them, with tears in your eyes, to pray
+for you! Exercise a living faith in Christ, who came down from heaven,
+and made upon the cross a full, perfect, and sufficient sacrifice,
+oblation, and satisfaction, for the sins of the whole world. Thus
+obtaining forgiveness, cease your Sunday discussions on political
+subjects; attend at the house of God, and set an example to other
+ungodly Sag Nichts, and lead a new and different life!
+
+Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+     _A Local Methodist Minister._
+
+
+
+
+GOVERNOR JOHNSON AND EDITOR EASTMAN.
+
+
+On the 9th of October, 1855, and while the Legislature was in session at
+Nashville, we delivered a speech to an immense crowd on the Public
+Square; which, after certain preliminary remarks, we will give to the
+public, just as it was spoken. The reason why the call was made on us to
+deliver the speech was, that we had, the previous weeks, delivered the
+same, in _substance_, at Shelbyville and Clarksville, and the American
+party at Nashville hearing of it, and approving what was said, desired
+us to repeat it; and, to be candid, we desired to repeat it there and
+then!
+
+Mr. Wise, of Virginia, gained great notoriety, in the spring of 1855, by
+his abuse and blackguardism, heaped upon the American party. He was
+successful; and Johnson, of Tennessee, whose ambition was to gain a more
+infamous notoriety, profiting by the example of Wise, plunged into the
+lowest depths of Billingsgate, and piled his vulgar epithets upon the
+party _indiscriminately_. Wise, then, like all inventors and
+originators, has had numerous _imitators_, and among the most successful
+of these are Johnson, of Tennessee; Stephens, of Georgia; and Clingman,
+of North Carolina. But as an adept in low Billingsgate slang, coarse
+blackguardism, and as a slanderer and maligner of better men than
+himself, Johnson has excelled his patron, Wise, and left far in the
+shades of the distant caverns of abuse, both Stephens and Clingman!
+
+To prepare the public mind for the degree of severity we used in
+reference to the Governor of the State, we will introduce as many as
+_five_ different extracts from his speeches, in his late canvass for
+Governor, at Murfreesboro' and Manchester; as reported by his partisan
+organ, the _Nashville Union_, and his _pliant tool_, its Abolition
+editor, _E. G. Eastman_:
+
+     "THE DEVIL, HIS SATANIC MAJESTY, THE PRINCE OF DARKNESS, WHO
+     PRESIDES OVER THE SECRET CONCLAVE HELD IN PANDEMONIUM, MAKES
+     WAR UPON ALL BRANCHES OF CHRIST'S CHURCH. THE KNOW NOTHINGS
+     ADVOCATE AND DEFEND NONE, BUT MAKE WAR UPON ONE OF THE
+     CHURCHES, AND THUS FAR BECOME THE ALLIES OF THE PRINCE OF
+     DARKNESS."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Murfreesboro'.
+
+     "A DENOMINATION LIKE THIS, TO SET UP AS THE GUARDIANS OF THE
+     RELIGION AND MORALS OF THE COUNTRY! A DENOMINATION BOUND
+     TOGETHER BY SECRET AND TERRIBLE OATHS: THE FIRST OF WHICH, ON
+     THE VERY INITIATION, FIXES AND REQUIRES THEM TO CARRY A LIE IN
+     THEIR MOUTHS."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Murfreesboro'.
+
+     "SHOW ME THE DIMENSIONS OF A KNOW NOTHING, AND I WILL SHOW YOU
+     A HUGE REPTILE, UPON WHOSE NECK THE FOOT OF EVERY HONEST MAN
+     OUGHT TO BE PLACED."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at Manchester.
+
+     "THEY ARE LIKE THE HYENA, AND COME FROM THEIR LAIR AFTER
+     MIDNIGHT TO PREY UPON HUMAN CARCASSES."--[Speech of ANDREW
+     JOHNSON, at Manchester.
+
+     "I WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN THE CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL AS IN
+     A KNOW NOTHING COUNCIL."--[Speech of ANDREW JOHNSON, at
+     Manchester.
+
+The _blackguard_ and _calumniator_ using this language, was elected by a
+majority of two thousand votes: that majority being cast by _Foreigners
+and illegal voters_; and consequently, his competitor, COL. GENTRY--than
+whom there is not a more talented, patriotic, and honorable gentleman in
+Tennessee--was fairly and justly elected. This, then, is the language
+used by the Governor of Tennessee, _towards a majority of the legal
+voters of the State_! Under these circumstances, we made the speech that
+follows, to an immense crowd on the Square: the correspondence preceding
+which, will explain itself:
+
+                                   NASHVILLE, Oct. 10th, 1855.
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW, ESQ.:
+
+     _Dear Sir_:--The undersigned, having heard your speech on the
+     Square, last night, respectfully request that you embody the
+     substance of the same, and publish it in the Knoxville Whig.
+     The desire to see it in print is very general; and those who
+     heard it approved its severity, without it were such as were
+     bitter against the American party.
+
+     Your friends,
+     CHARLES G. SMITH,
+     JOHN MORRISON,
+     F. M. BURTON,
+     ROBT. S. NORTHCUTT,
+     SAML. DAVIS.
+
+
+                                    NASHVILLE, Oct. 13th, 1855.
+
+     MESSRS. SMITH, MORRISON, AND OTHERS:
+
+     _Gentlemen_:--Your note requesting me to publish the substance
+     of my remarks on the Square, last Tuesday night, has been
+     received, and I would have replied sooner, but for my absence
+     at Shelbyville. I have now made the same speech at Clarksville,
+     Nashville, and Shelbyville; and my only regrets are, that my
+     engagements prevent me from delivering the same speech at every
+     point in this State, where Gov. Johnson held me up as the "High
+     Priest of the Order," and argued therefrom the _want of
+     respectability_ for the Order. In addition to your request, I
+     have had verbal applications from many gentlemen to publish my
+     remarks--gentlemen who have been mild and moderate throughout
+     their political course. I shall, therefore, comply with your
+     request and theirs, at my earliest convenience.
+
+     I hold that no man's position in life should shield him from
+     the rebukes he may merit by his bad conduct; and as for the
+     present Governor of Tennessee, his wholesale abuse of the
+     American party, towards whose members, without a single
+     exception, he has indulged in language which ought not to be
+     tolerated within the precincts of Billingsgate, no epithet is
+     too low, too degrading, or disgraceful, to pay him back in.
+
+     Respectfully, &c.,
+
+     W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+FELLOW-CITIZENS:--The occasion which has called you together to-night,
+is the special appointment of our young friend, Mr. Crowe, to whose
+eloquence we have all listened with pleasure. I have made no appointment
+to speak here; nor have I prompted the loud and long calls made upon me,
+this evening, by this large Nashville audience. I shall speak to you;
+but not upon the _issues_ of the late canvass, nor upon those of the
+approaching canvass of 1856. I will discuss _Andrew Johnson_ and _E. G.
+Eastman_; and if they are in the assembly, I hope they will come forward
+and take seats on this stand, that I may have the pleasure of looking
+them full in the face, as I denounce them in unmeasured terms: which is
+my purpose to-night, let the consequences be what they may!
+
+On a memorable night in August, after it was understood that _Andrew
+Johnson_ was reelected to the office of Governor, a procession was
+formed in Knoxville, composed of the worst materials in that young and
+growing city--such as drunken, red-mouthed Irishmen, lousy Germans, and
+insolent negroes, with three or four men of respectable pretensions
+thrown in, to exercise a controlling influence over these bad materials.
+This riotous mob halted in front of my dwelling, in East Knoxville, and
+_groaned_ and _sang_ for my especial benefit: all which was natural
+enough--as they had triumphed over me in the election of a Governor. I
+took no offence at their rejoicing over the election of Gov. Johnson, as
+I told them; and for the reason, that I knew them to be of that class of
+men who would _actually need the exercise of the pardoning power_, at
+the hands of the present Governor, to release them from the
+penitentiary, before his present term of service would expire!
+
+From my humble dwelling, this _beautiful_ procession marched to the
+Coleman House, on Gay street, yelling like devils, and insulting the
+inmates of every house they passed. "Huzza for _Andy McJohnson_!"
+exclaimed one. "Three cheers for _Andy O'Johnson_!" exclaimed another.
+While, to cap the climax--"Well done, my _Johnsing_ and the _White
+Bastard_," (meaning _Basis_,) exclaimed a drunken negro! Halting in
+front of the Coleman House, the Governor elect mounted a goods box, and
+under feelings of great excitement, hatred, and malice, delivered a
+speech abusive of the whole American party, excepting none, in coarse,
+bitter language, in a style peculiarly his own--adapted alone to the
+foul precincts of Billingsgate--rounding his periods with a diabolical
+and infernal _grin_, alone suited to a display of oratory by a land
+pirate!
+
+I reported this slanderous speech--not in as offensive style--as it was
+delivered; for his _looks_ and _grins_ no man can report on paper. I
+also wrote the substance of what he said to Major Donelson, in a letter,
+of which I shall have something more to say before I leave this stand.
+Just here, I will repeat what the Governor did say, and what I reported
+him to have said in my paper. I wish this large audience to hear me
+distinctly, and to recollect the points I make; for I shall wind up on
+the Governor and his miserable tool, _Eastman_, with a degree of
+severity you have not been accustomed to, but which shall be warranted
+by the facts in each case.
+
+Gov. Johnson said this new party of self-styled Americans professed to
+have organized with a view to purify and reform the old political
+parties. A beautiful set, said he, to reform! The Order of Know Nothings
+was composed of the worst men in the Whig and Democratic parties. As a
+_sample_ of these men, he pointed out _Andrew J. Donelson_, by
+name--exclaiming as often as twice, _Who is Andrew J. Donelson?_ He is a
+soured, office-seeking, disappointed politician, who has been kicked out
+of the Democratic party. To illustrate his views more fully, he told the
+crowd to imagine a large gang of _counterfeiters_ out there! and an
+equally large gang of _horse-thieves_ out yonder! Take from these two
+companies the worst men in their ranks, form a third party of these, and
+you have a representation of this Know Nothing party. This was a
+beautiful party to propose reform, or to speak of other parties being
+corrupt! He was interrupted repeatedly; and I think I may safely say,
+among hands, they gave him the d----d lie fifty times! James M. Davis, a
+respectable mechanic, asked him if he would say that to Major Donelson's
+face? He replied, that he heard the hissing of an adder, or a goose, and
+went through with certain stereotyped phrases you have all heard from
+his lips. This call upon him by Mr. Davis was not named in my newspaper
+report, nor in my letter to Major Donelson. Indeed, I did not anticipate
+a denial of his abuse.
+
+Now, fellow-citizens, it was in this connection, as well as in the most
+offensive language, that Gov. Johnson introduced the name of Andrew J.
+Donelson, repeating it more than once, emphasizing upon it, and
+repeating it with scorn and bitterness. This is the report, _in
+substance_, I made of his speech through my paper, and in a letter I
+addressed to Major Donelson. And to the truth of my report, there are
+one hundred respectable gentlemen in Knoxville who will make oath upon
+the Holy Bible. There are now a half-dozen respectable gentlemen in this
+crowd who were in the street at Knoxville on that occasion, and heard
+every word the Governor said, and will sustain me in my account of it.
+Among these I will name Messrs. White and Armstrong, members of the
+House, Senator Rogers, Col. James C. Luttrell, and Mr. Fleming, the
+editor of the Knoxville Register.
+
+Well, gentlemen--and I am proud to have an opportunity of vindicating
+myself before so large a Nashville audience as this is--I say Major
+Donelson came to Nashville, after receiving intelligence of the abuse of
+the Governor, and was seen walking these streets with a _large and
+homely stick_ in his hand, looking _grum_, as any gentleman would do
+under the circumstances. The friends of Gov. Johnson seeing what would
+likely be the result of this affair, asked for, and very properly
+obtained that letter, with a view to laying it before their slanderous
+and abusive Executive officer, that he might _lie out of what he said_
+about an honorable and brave man; and thereby avoid the disgrace of a
+cudgelling! Did he lie out of the scrape? He did: aye, he _ingloriously
+lied out_ of what he had said--leaving Major Donelson no ground for any
+difficulty with him: although the Major had a right to suppose that any
+man base enough to make such charges, would have no hesitancy in lying
+out of his disreputable and cowardly abuse. I therefore pronounce your
+Governor, here upon his own dunghill, an UNMITIGATED LIAR AND
+CALUMNIATOR, and a VILLAINOUS COWARD, wanting the _nerve_ to stand up to
+his abuse of better men than himself!
+
+But it will be said that the Governor _proves_ me a liar, by a citizen
+of Nashville, who was present at Knoxville and heard his speech. That is
+so, but I prove both him and his witness liars, by a multitude of
+witnesses who were also present, and who are gentlemen of the first
+standing. But who is it that testifies that I have lied? It is _E. G.
+Eastman_, the editor of the Sag Nicht organ in this city. And who is _E.
+G. Eastman_? He is a dirty, lying, and unscrupulous Abolitionist, from
+Massachusetts, who once conducted an Abolitionist paper either in that
+State, or the State of New Hampshire. He was brought out to this State
+to lie for the unscrupulous leaders of his party. He is paid for
+_telling_ and _writing_ falsehoods, and would, if the interests of his
+party required it, and a consideration were paid him in hand, _swear
+lies_ as readily as he would write them down for publication. He is a
+poor devil, as void of truth and honor as he has shown himself to be of
+courage and resentment. He edits a low, dirty, scurrilous sheet; and,
+like his master, Gov. Johnson, never could elevate himself above the
+level of a common blackguard. No epithet is too low, too degrading, or
+disgraceful to be applied to the members of the American party, by
+either of these Billingsgate graduates. Decent men shun coming in
+contact with either of them, as they would avoid a night-cart, or other
+vehicle of filth. As some fish thrive only in dirty water, so the
+Nashville Union and American would not exist a week out of the
+atmosphere of slang and vituperation. A fit organ, this, for all who
+arrange themselves under the dark piratical flag of Andrew Johnson and
+his progressive Democracy. I am the more specific in reference to
+_Eastman_, because I understand he is in this assembly!
+
+But, fellow-citizens, I am not yet through with this Knoxville speech of
+the Governor. Maj. Donelson visited Knoxville, one month after this
+slanderous speech was made against him; he visited there upon the
+invitation of the American party, to address a Mass Meeting. I waited
+upon Maj. Donelson, upon his arrival, and found him at the house of
+Doct. Curry. I told the Major that I was tired of having questions of
+veracity between me and Governors and Ex-Governors of Tennessee, and
+that I desired that others should state to him what had been said by the
+Governor. Accordingly, different gentlemen, citizens of character,
+informed him that they were in the crowd and heard Johnson, and that he
+did say all that was attributed to him, both in the letter he had
+received from me, and in the two Knoxville papers. Consequently, when
+Maj. Donelson made his speech next day, he denounced the Governor as a
+miserable calumniator, and refuted his villainous charges, in a manner
+becoming the occasion, and with a frankness which carried with it a
+conviction of its truth, and gave satisfaction to his numerous friends.
+
+And now, gentlemen, I take occasion to state, that there is no longer an
+adjourned question of veracity between me and Johnson and Eastman. The
+issue is between Johnson and Eastman, on the one hand, and various
+respectable gentlemen of Knoxville, on the other hand. Either the
+Governor and his man Friday have basely lied, or a number of the
+citizens of Knoxville and vicinity, have testified to what is false. I
+assert, once more, that the Governor and his dirty Editor have lied out
+of the villainous abuse the former heaped upon better men than himself.
+And if their friends are willing to see them remain under the charge,
+the American party are satisfied with the settlement of the question.
+
+Fellow-citizens, while I am on the stand, I will notice some other
+points personal to myself. And before I enter upon these, I will call
+your attention to the wholesale abuse of the Governor, of some
+thirty-five or forty thousand voters in Tennessee. In his Murfreesboro'
+speech, he asserted that "_the Devil, his Satanic Majesty, presides over
+all the secret conclaves_" held by the Know Nothings, and that "_they
+are the allies of the Prince of Darkness_." I quote from his printed
+speeches from memory, but it will be found that I quote correctly. In
+that same speech, he asserts that all Know Nothings are "_bound by
+terrible oaths to fix and carry a lie in their mouths_!" In his
+Manchester speech, I believe it was, he called all members of the new
+party "_Hyenas_," and "_huge reptiles, upon whose neck the feet of all
+honest men ought to be placed_." And in this same speech he says he
+"WOULD AS SOON BE FOUND IN A CLAN OF JOHN A. MURRELL'S MEN, AS IN A KNOW
+NOTHING COUNCIL!"
+
+What an imputation upon nearly one half of the legal voters of
+Tennessee! He has used the most odious terms his _limited_ knowledge of
+the English language would enable him to employ, to deride, defame,
+insult, and blackguard every man who has joined the new party, or dares
+to act with them in politics. In the plenitude of his bitter and
+supercilious arrogance, Andrew Johnson has indulged in language against
+the entire American party, which would not be tolerated within the
+precincts of Billingsgate, or the lowest fish-market in London. And from
+Johnson to Shelby counties, during the entire summer, this low-flung and
+ill-bred scoundrel, pursued this same strain of vulgar and disgusting
+abuse. And whether speaking of the most enlightened statesman, the
+purest patriot, or the most pious clergyman, he pursued the same strain
+of abuse. With him, a vile demagogue, whose daily employment is to
+administer to the very worst appetites of mankind, no virtue, no honor,
+no truth, exists anywhere, but in the breasts of such as are either
+corrupt enough or fool enough to follow him, and a few malignant
+falsifiers who worship at his shrine. He is a wretched and vile caterer
+to the morbid foreign and Catholic appetite of this country. "It is a
+dirty bird that fouls its own nest," says the proverb; and it applies to
+this man Johnson with as much force as to the dirtiest of the feathered
+tribe.
+
+    "Where is the wretch, so lost, so dead,
+    Who never to himself hath said,
+      This is my _own_, MY NATIVE LAND!"
+
+He now disgraces the Executive Chair of this gallant State. Most of
+God's creatures, human and brute, have an attachment to "HOME, SWEET
+HOME;" but here is a contemptible and selfish demagogue who discards all
+such feelings, and would transfer his country and home to strangers and
+outlaws, to European paupers and criminals, if he could thereby receive
+a temporary election, or receive a pocket-full of money. For such a
+wretch I have no sympathy, and no feelings but those of scorn and
+contempt, and hence it is that I speak of him in such terms.
+
+On every stump in Tennessee, he held me up as "the High Priest of the
+Order," representing Col. Gentry as _my_ candidate. Since I came to
+Middle Tennessee, I have been informed that he pointed to the fancied
+fact that I was the head of the Order, as an evidence of _its utter want
+of respectability_. Turning up his nose, and grinning significantly, he
+would inquire, _Who is William G. Brownlow?_
+
+Now, gentlemen, since he makes this issue of _respectability_ with me, I
+will accept it. Since he throws down the glove, I will take it up, and I
+will show you that he is the last man on God's green earth to call in
+question the respectability of other men, or their families! It would be
+both cruel and unbecoming in me to speak of what the dishonest and
+villainous relatives of Gov. Johnson have done, if he conducted himself
+prudently, and did not abuse others with such great profusion. I am not
+aware of any relative of mine ever having been hung, sent to the
+penitentiary, or being placed in the stocks. I have no doubt that
+persons related to me, directly or remotely, have deserved such a fate
+long since. There is not a man in this vast assembly who can say, and
+tell the truth, that he has no mean kin. Can Gov. Johnson say so?
+Rather, can he say he has any other kind? He is a member of a numerous
+family of Johnsons, in North Carolina, who are generally THIEVES and
+LIARS; and though he is the best one of the family I have ever met with,
+I unhesitatingly affirm, to-night, that there are better men than Andrew
+Johnson in our Penitentiary! His relatives in the Old North State, have
+stood in the Stocks for crimes they have committed. And his _own born
+cousin_, Madison Johnson, was hung in Raleigh, for murder and robbery! I
+told him of this years ago, in Jonesboro', and he denied it, and put me
+to the trouble of procuring the testimony of Gov. John M. Morehead to
+prove it! The Governor was petitioned to pardon Madison Johnson, and
+declined, as he knew he suffered justly. This explains why this
+_scape-gallows_ has been so bitter against Whig and Know Nothing
+Governors. They have been so unfeeling, as to suffer his dear relatives
+to _pull hemp without foothold_, when a jury of twelve honest men have
+said that they deserved death! Is he not one of the last men living to
+talk about a want of respectability on the part of any one? Certainly he
+is!
+
+Well, gentlemen, Johnson is again the Governor of Tennessee; but if he
+could be mortified, he would have the mortification to know that he is
+the Governor with a majority of the _legal native votes of the State_
+cast in opposition to him. We all committed one capital blunder in the
+late canvass, and that alone defeated Gentry, and elected Johnson. We
+copied from the Book of Pardons a list of FORTY-SEVEN names of culprits
+pardoned out of our State Prison by Johnson--some for negro-stealing,
+some for counterfeiting, house-breaking, rape, and other _Democratic_
+measures--more pardons than all his "illustrious predecessors" ever
+granted. In copying this list, we said to the voters of the State that
+Johnson had spoken his honest sentiments when he said he preferred
+being among a clan of Murrell men, to being found in a Know Nothing
+Council; and in the same breath we assured them that if Gentry was
+elected, he would let all such rascals stay in prison as long as the
+courts of the country decreed they should. And while thousands of
+honorable, high-minded men voted for Johnson, under the lash of party,
+or because they were blinded by his glaring demerits, it is not to be
+disguised that all the _petit larceny_ and _Penitentiary men_ in the
+State voted for him. There never was a time in Tennessee when there were
+not five thousand voters who either _had been stealing_, or _intended to
+steal_! These would naturally look to where they would find a friend, in
+the event of their being overtaken by justice. In the person of Andrew
+Johnson, they felt assured of "a friend indeed, because a friend in
+_need_." He had publicly told them that he preferred the company of
+Murrell men to the society of the most respectable lawyers, doctors,
+preachers, farmers, and mechanics in the State, who met in certain
+councils. The fact of his turning so many Murrell men out of the State
+Prison, and of his having been _raised up in such society_, left no
+doubt of the sincerity of his profession!
+
+In conclusion, fellow-citizens, if Gov. Johnson cannot lawfully canvass
+the State a _third_ time for the office he now fills, I hope the
+Legislature will legalize such a race by a special act, and I propose to
+be the candidate against him. I will show the people of the State in his
+presence, from the same stand, who are Murrell men, and who are not able
+to look honest men in the face!
+
+If I have said any thing to-night offensive to your Governor, or any of
+his friends or understrappers in this city, they know where to find me.
+When I am not on the streets, I can be found at No. 43, on the lower
+floor of Sam Scott's City Hotel, opposite the ladies' parlor. I shall
+remain here for the next ten days only, and whatever punishment any one
+may wish to inflict upon me, it must be done in that time. I say this,
+not because I seek a difficulty, but because I don't intend it shall be
+said that I made this speech and took to flight!
+
+I thank you, gentlemen, for the patience with which you have heard me in
+a matter personal to myself, and I hope you are prepared to acquit me of
+lying in the Donelson case, although Gov. Johnson and Editor Eastman
+bear testimony against me. I thank you, and now bid you good night!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We beg leave to add, that in March, 1842, Andrew Johnson laid hold of us
+in a speech in Blountville, when we were in Jonesborough, distant twenty
+miles. He held up a picture or drawing of us, and accompanied it with
+many abusive remarks. In turn, we held him up in the Whig of the 29th of
+the same month, and gave his _pedigree_ in full, and with it a
+_representation of his cousin Madison Johnson, under the gallows_ in
+Raleigh!
+
+The first Monday in April following, Johnson spoke in Jonesborough, and
+denied _most solemnly that he ever had a relative by the name of Madison
+Johnson--denied that a man of that name had ever been hung in
+Raleigh--and asserted that the man hung there in 1841 was by the name of
+Scott--a nephew, he said, of General Winfield Scott!_ This bold denial,
+made in the presence of a large and anxious crowd, overwhelmed us _for
+the time being_, as Johnson was raised in the vicinity of Raleigh, and
+had learned his trade there. He was supposed to know, and for the moment
+we were branded with falsehood. To aid him in his war upon us, the
+"_Jonesborough Sentinel_," Johnson's organ, came out upon us, and
+noticed his denial of our charge and his speech, in an article of which
+the following is an extract:
+
+     "Brownlow said, some time back, that Col. Johnson had a cousin
+     hung in North Carolina. The Colonel developed the fact the day
+     he used up or skinned Brownlow alive in Jonesborough, _that
+     instead of its being his cousin, it was the nephew of Gen.
+     Winfield Scott_, now a _quasi_ Coon candidate for the
+     Presidency. Brownlow _is so silent_!"
+
+After this, the Sentinel noticed us again, and this notice drew out
+WESTON R. GALES, the then editor of the Raleigh Register, in the
+following:
+
+     EDITORIAL COMPLIMENTS.
+
+     "We find the following editorial in the 'Jonesboro' (Tenn.)
+     Sentinel,' a Locofoco print, in relation to the editor of the
+     'Jonesboro Whig:'
+
+     "BROWNLOW made an awkward attempt last week to caricature a
+     person who was hung some years ago in North Carolina, whom he
+     termed the cousin of Col. JOHNSON. But it turns out to have
+     been the nephew of Gen. WINFIELD SCOTT, a distinguished Coon
+     leader. Poor BROWNLOW!--it ought to be his time next. Wonder
+     how many hen-roosts he robbed last summer?"
+
+     "We have nothing to do with whose time it is to be hung next,
+     nor with the number of hen-roosts robbed, nor by whom robbed,
+     but we will take occasion to correct the 'Sentinel' as to the
+     person hung here 'some years ago.'
+
+     "In the spring of 1841, a man named MADISON JOHNSON was hung in
+     this place for the murder of HENRY BEASLEY, but we were not
+     aware that he was any relation of Col. JOHNSON, if it be meant
+     thereby Col. R. M. JOHNSON, of Kentucky. He was, however,
+     connected with A. JOHNSON, the candidate for Congress in the
+     Jonesboro' District, MADISON and he being first cousins.
+
+     "The last man hung in this place by the name of SCOTT, was
+     MASON SCOTT, in 1820, and if the 'Sentinel' means to reflect
+     upon the Whig party by saying he was a nephew of Gen. WINFIELD
+     SCOTT, a 'distinguished Coon leader,' we are willing for him to
+     indulge in such misstatements.
+
+     "IF THE 'SENTINEL' HAD TAKEN THE TROUBLE TO CONSULT MR. A.
+     JOHNSON ON THE SUBJECT, HE WOULD HAVE SATISFIED HIM OF THE
+     FACTS, AS HE WAS IN THIS CITY ABOUT THE TIME MADISON WAS
+     EXECUTED."
+
+It will be seen, that while Johnson was uttering his _solemn but false
+denial_ at Jonesborough, he _knew he was lying_, for he was in Raleigh
+"_about the time Madison was executed!_"
+
+But we told our friends to hold on, to have patience, and to give us
+time, and we would make good our charge. Accordingly, in the same issue
+in which we brought out this extract from the Raleigh Register, we
+published the following letter from Gov. MOREHEAD, in answer to one we
+had written him:
+
+                                    RALEIGH, 24th April, 1843.
+
+     [EXECUTIVE OFFICE.]
+
+     "DEAR SIR--I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours
+     of the 14th inst., requesting me to inform you what was the
+     name of the man hung in Raleigh in the spring of 1841.
+
+     "His name was MADISON JOHNSON. His case was taken to the
+     Supreme Court, and you will find it reported, December Term,
+     1840, vol. 1st, page 354, Iredell's Reports.
+
+     "He was hung for the murder of Henry Beasley. A strong effort
+     was made to procure a pardon for him; but believing his case a
+     clear murder, I refused to grant it.
+
+     "The only man named Scott that was ever convicted of murder at
+     this place, was Mason Scott, in 1820.
+
+     "You will find his case reported in the reports of the Supreme
+     Court, January Term, 1820, 1st Stark's Reports, page 24.
+
+     "I am not aware that any other man named Scott was ever
+     convicted of a capital offence in this county.
+
+     "I have the honor to be
+
+     "Your most ob't serv't,
+
+     "J. M. MOREHEAD."
+
+     "Rev. W. G. BROWNLOW."
+
+In conclusion, after this letter appeared, and Johnson was elected, he
+sent an appointment to Raleigh, for a speech--attended there, and
+blackguarded and vilified "Morehead and Brownlow" for two hours. He made
+the _letter_ of Morehead the pretext for his abuse, but the real cause
+was the Governor's refusal to _pardon his cousin_. Johnson was there to
+procure his pardon, and brought every appliance to bear within his
+power, but the North Carolina Governor was inflexible in the discharge
+of his sworn duty! We do not make the point against Johnson that he has
+_mean kin_, only so far as it may _offset_ his abuse of others, for who
+of us are without mean kinsfolks? But our point is, his _deliberate
+lying_ before a Jonesboro' audience!
+
+
+
+
+From the Knoxville Whig of Dec. 1, 1855.]
+
+GOVERNOR JOHNSON'S THANKSGIVING DAY.
+
+
+As the sixth of the present month has been set apart by our Governor, to
+be observed as a day of prayer and thanksgiving to Almighty God for his
+numerous and unmerited mercies conferred upon the people of our State
+and nation; and as it is desirable that the different sects shall act in
+concert on the occasion, and at least pray "with the understanding,"
+that is to say, _appropriately_, we have been at the trouble to prepare
+a form of prayer for the occasion. This we do in no irreverend spirit,
+but in all candor and sincerity, after this wise:
+
+ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, in whom we live, and move, and have our
+being: we, thy needy creatures, render thee our humble praises, for thy
+preservation of us from the beginning of our lives to this day of public
+thanksgiving, and especially for having delivered us from all the
+dangers and afflictions of the year about to close. By thy knowledge,
+most gracious God, the depths were broken up during the past seed-time
+and harvest, and the rains descended: while by night the clouds
+distilled the gentle dew, filling our barns with plenty: thus crowning
+the year with thy goodness, in the increase of the ground, and the
+gathering in of the fruits thereof. And we beseech thee, O most merciful
+Father, give us a just sense of this great mercy: such as may appear in
+our lives, by an humble, holy, and obedient walking before thee all our
+days!
+
+To thy watchful providence, O most merciful God, we are indebted for all
+our mercies, and not any works or merit of ours; for many of us entered
+into the scramble to elevate to the Executive Chair of the State the
+present incumbent, with a perfect knowledge that he had abused thy Son,
+JESUS CHRIST, our Lord, on the floor of our State Senate, as a swindler,
+advocating unlawful interest: we knew that he had voted in Congress
+against offering prayers to thee: we knew that he had opposed the
+temperance cause, which is the cause of God and of all mankind: we knew
+that he had vilified the Protestant religion, and slandered the
+Protestant clergy, defending and eulogizing the corruptions of the
+Roman Catholic Church, throughout the length and breadth of our State;
+yet such was the force of party ties, O most mighty God, that we went
+into the support of our INFIDEL GOVERNOR blind, and, by our zeal in his
+behalf, gave the lie to our professions of piety, rendered ourselves
+hateful in the eyes of all honest and consistent men, meriting a degree
+of punishment we have never received! We do most heartily repent, O
+merciful God, for these shameful sins: we humble ourselves in lowest
+depths of humility, and ask forgiveness of a God whom we have justly
+provoked to anger, and the forgiveness of our insulted brethren, whom we
+have wickedly blackguarded, to the great injury of the cause of Christ!
+
+O most merciful God, who art of purer eyes than to behold iniquity, turn
+not a deaf ear to our supplications on this day, because the day has
+been set apart by a Governor who really does not subscribe to the
+Christian religion; does not attend Divine service; who swears
+profanely; and has insulted Heaven and outraged the feelings of all
+pious Christians, by teaching the blasphemous sentiment that
+Christianity is of no higher or holier origin than his Democracy! Have
+mercy, our Father and God, upon that portion of this congregation who
+have endeavored to find peace to their souls by travelling along the
+"converging lines" of a spurious Democracy, in search of the foot of
+"Jacob's Ladder," and give them repentance and better minds! And do
+thou, O God of pity, show all such, that instead of ascending to heaven
+on an imaginary "Ladder," they are chained fast to the Locomotive of
+Hell, with the Devil for their Chief Engineer, the Pope of Rome as
+Conductor, and an ungodly Governor as Breakman; and that, at more than
+railroad speed, they are driving on to where they are to be eternally
+punished by Him whom thou hast appointed the Judge of quick and dead,
+thy Son JESUS CHRIST, our Lord. Amen!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig of May 24, 1856.]
+
+THE FOREIGN SPIRIT ILLUSTRATED.
+
+
+The following correspondence will explain itself, whilst it will serve
+to show the spirit which governs this Bogus Foreign Catholic Democracy:
+
+                                    RICHMOND, April 21, 1856.
+
+     REV. AND DEAR SIR:--It cannot be unkind in me, though
+     personally unknown to you, to address you on a subject in which
+     our peace as citizens is alike concerned. I see in the
+     Fincastle Democrat of 18th inst. what purports to be a review
+     of an article of yours in the Knoxville Whig of 5th inst., in
+     which I suppose, from the remarks contained in the Democrat, I
+     have been very, _very_ severely handled by you, for an offence
+     I never committed. You will allow me to say, sir, that I have
+     no recollection of ever writing or speaking a disrespectful
+     word of you in all my life, but, on the contrary, have
+     frequently spoken approvingly of much you have written. Such
+     being the fact, you will not be surprised to learn how deeply I
+     regret that the purest innocence on my part has failed to be a
+     protection against personal abuse. That you have been misled by
+     some person, is to my mind very plain, and if, through the
+     influence of another, you have inflicted a wound upon one that
+     never harmed you, nor ever designed to harm you, is it not
+     within the range of a generous nature--of an honest man--to
+     repair the injury by at once giving up to the injured party the
+     name of the deceiver, or publish him to the world as authority
+     for the assault, and let him assume its responsibilities?
+
+     In a change of circumstances, I should feel bound, by the honor
+     of a man, to do that much, and in my present relation to the
+     case I ask nothing more. It is perhaps due to you to be
+     informed, that I have not seen your article, nor do I know a
+     word it contains, and it is due to myself to say that I knew
+     nothing of the article in the Democrat assailing you, till I
+     saw it in print some hundred of miles from home, where I have
+     not yet arrived after an absence of nearly two months. On the
+     subject of dues, I may add that it is due to the public that
+     the name of the deceiver be given them. I of course suppose him
+     to be a man of great personal courage, ready to assume all his
+     own responsibilities. In conclusion, permit me to say, that any
+     effort on your part to aid in concealing the hand that uses the
+     dagger in the dark, will detract largely from the estimate I
+     have placed upon your character, as a man without hesitation or
+     fear, when the claims of justice are presented. My address is
+     Fincastle, Botetourt Co., Va., and I am very respectfully,
+
+     S. D. HOPKINS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    KNOXVILLE, May 21st, 1856.
+
+    REV. S. D. HOPKINS:
+
+    SIR--Through the weakness, mismanagement, and culpable
+    remissness of the contemptible Jesuit now at the head of the
+    Post Office Department, and his numerous lackeys--all of whom
+    you sustain in their politics--a letter written by you one month
+    ago was received a few days since, while I was absent at a Know
+    Nothing Convention, aiding my political brethren in placing
+    before the people of this Congressional District an electoral
+    candidate, to aid in the great Christian and patriotic work of
+    overthrowing the corrupt, profligate, unprincipled, Foreign
+    Catholic Bogus Democratic party, of which _you_ are a member,
+    and in the service of which you are an editor! But my delay in
+    replying to your letter shall be atoned for in the _length_ and
+    _plainness_ of my reply.
+
+    It is true, sir, that I published an editorial in my paper, of
+    some severity against you; but the article was in _reply_ to a
+    low, cowardly, and abusive editorial against me in the
+    "Fincastle Democrat," of which you are the editor. And "you will
+    allow me to say, sir," that at the time this attack was made
+    upon me in _your_ paper, I never had said a word about you or
+    your paper in my life, either "good, bad, or indifferent;" and
+    "if through the influence of another you have inflicted a wound
+    upon one that never harmed you, is it not within the range of a
+    generous nature--of an honest man"--to repair the injury by
+    taking back the article, and apologizing through the same medium
+    for the injury? If, however, you believe you have not "been
+    misled by some person," and have done me no more than justice in
+    that abusive article, hold on to it. Having made oath that the
+    horse is _fifteen feet high_, allow of no correction!
+
+    In all frankness, you must permit me to say, that I believe you
+    expected to find in the office on your return to Fincastle, a
+    letter from me demanding your authority for admitting into your
+    paper such an article against me, who, as you very well knew, up
+    to that hour had never said one word, publicly or privately,
+    against you or your paper. I think you concluded to _take the
+    start of me_, and thus to _forestall_ me, by writing from
+    Richmond some twenty-four hours before you would arrive at home!
+
+    In your paper of the 18th of April, issued only three days
+    before this letter was written at Richmond, an editorial of half
+    a column appears, in which _your_ paper styles me a "notorious
+    blackguard"--a "bullying blackguard"--an "unwanted and lying
+    man"--who "is mean enough to lie, cheat, or even steal"--a man
+    "wearing the garb of righteousness to serve the Devil in;" and
+    in the same article, the case of a Locofoco editor, who was
+    involved in a shooting scrape on account of his attack upon a
+    lady, is actually attributed to ME! Although you are a Reverend
+    Methodist Preacher, and a grave and dignified Steam Doctor,
+    conducting one of the organs of the Foreign and Anti-American
+    party in Virginia, you must pardon me for saying, as I now do,
+    that in calling upon me for my authority for what I had said in
+    reply to the unmitigated abuse of _your_ paper, you have proven
+    to my mind, that if you do not possess the cool and collected
+    impudence of the _Devil_, you are at least possessed of the
+    lion-headed impudence of an unprincipled Sag Nicht partisan,
+    hired to do the dirty work of an equally unprincipled and dirty
+    organization!
+
+    But it is due to the history of this controversy that I should
+    say, this second attack upon me sets forth that you are from
+    home, and that "the _Junior_ is responsible for the article."
+    This might be credited, if, on your return home, you had
+    protested against such abuse, but it seems from your silence to
+    have met with your heart's approval, and gave "general
+    satisfaction," at least to _you_! It is true that you were
+    absent at the time of both these publications, but it does not
+    follow, as a matter of course, that you were not the veritable
+    author, and that they did not find their way to the "Democrat"
+    office at the same time and in the same way that your "Baltimore
+    Correspondence" got there. The "Junior," as he styles himself,
+    claims the fraternity; and were it not that he is too well known
+    in Fincastle for any sane man to believe that _he_ wrote the
+    articles, he might have the credit (if credit there be attached
+    to it) of so low, malicious, and lying articles. But he is known
+    in Fincastle to be a brainless man, and to be incapable of
+    writing a paragraph on any subject. He is known to have no use
+    of language, and to be incapable of applying epithets to any
+    one. So that, if _you_ did not write these articles, they were
+    manufactured at "Irish Corner," in Fincastle, your "Junior" not
+    being able to do it, for the reason that he is wholly incapable.
+    My opinion is, that the articles were manufactured by the "Great
+    Mogul" of the Anti-American party in your town, and if he will
+    only avow himself the author, I will make some disclosures upon
+    him that will make him wish himself back in "Swate Ireland,"
+    where he "lives, and moves, and has his being;" no disclosures
+    are necessary--his books, and his person, damn him to
+    everlasting infamy. He has the filthiest-looking mouth, and the
+    most offensive breath, of any man in the Valley of Virginia. No
+    man who knows him will meet him square on the pavement, or place
+    himself in a position, if it can be avoided, of meeting a breeze
+    from that great reservoir of all nastiness, his mouth! It is
+    really a wonder how any human being can LIVE, and emit all the
+    time a stream of such overwhelming and uninterrupted STENCH! You
+    must permit me to christen this man as the But-Cut of Original
+    Sin, and the Upper-crust of all Nastiness!
+
+    It may not set well upon your stomach, that being a "Minister of
+    the Gospel, and having the care of souls," I should seem not to
+    place implicit confidence in your denial of any participation in
+    this unprovoked war upon me. I will be candid with you, and
+    though it is possible for me to be mistaken in my views, still,
+    if I am, I am honestly deceived. I have no confidence in the
+    moral honesty and Christian integrity of any Protestant
+    Preacher, of any denomination, in this country, who openly
+    arrays himself against the American party, and takes the side of
+    the Catholics, Foreigners, and self-styled Democrats associated
+    with them. Nor will I hear one such preach or pray, if I know
+    him to be such, and can get out of his hearing. The growing
+    light and improvements of this age forbid that an intelligent
+    and pious man and minister should identify himself with that
+    party. And the fiery genius, corrupting tendencies, and
+    uncompromising intolerance of that party, are rapidly driving
+    good and true men out of the party.
+
+    There never was a time since the division of parties in this
+    country, when I had so little confidence in what is called the
+    Democratic party as at present; and as at present organized and
+    constituted, I believe it to be the most corrupt organization.
+    It is made up of the odds and ends of all factions and parties
+    on the continent, and is one of the most anomalous combinations
+    of fanaticism, idolatry, prostitution, crime, and absurdities
+    conceivable! The _isms_ composing the party of which you are a
+    member, are: Abolitionism; Free-soilism; Agrarianism;
+    Fourieritism; Millerism; Radicalism; Woman's Rightsism; Mobism;
+    Mormonism; Spiritualism; Locofocoism; Higher-Lawism; Foreign
+    Pauperism; Anti-Americanism; Roman Catholicism; Deism, and
+    modern Sag Nichtism! All this tide of fanaticism and error,
+    originating North of Mason and Dixon's Line, went for Pierce in
+    the last Presidential contest: they are with that party now,
+    against the American party; and it is bad company in which to
+    find a Protestant minister! Yet, miserable Protestants hesitate
+    not to commend these enemies of the natural rights of man, and
+    of the Christian religion, as being just as good Christians as
+    their neighbors!
+
+    "Oh! judgment, thou hast fled to brutish beasts; And men have
+    not their reason!"
+
+    But, Doctor, why were you at Baltimore? Why, sir, during the
+    past year, you and other conscientious Methodists took it into
+    your heads to arraign a young man who was travelling your
+    circuit, Mr. Hall, and, for the Church's good, to have him
+    expelled, whose great sin was that he was a _Know-Nothing_, or
+    sympathized with the Order! The authorities of the Church, after
+    a patient hearing of the whole case, pro and con, acquitted the
+    young man. You followed him up to the Annual Conference, as the
+    representative of and attorney for Sag Nichtism. The Conference
+    acquitted the young preacher again, and sent him to an
+    enlightened circuit in Maryland. This so offended you, and your
+    patriotic, not to say _pious_ associates, that, for the Church's
+    good, they resigned their stewardship in the Church, and were
+    so offended at the course of the Presiding Elder, _Rev. M.
+    Goheen_, than whom there is not a more modest, unassuming,
+    conservative Christian gentleman in the Valley of Virginia,
+    that, at a recent Quarterly Meeting there, they refused to
+    attend church, or to hear him preach. This is just the spirit
+    that actuates your party, everywhere.
+
+    You demand of me the name or names of such person or persons as
+    have given me information in reference to you. Reconsider this
+    demand, if you please, and ask yourself if, under all the
+    circumstances, it is not a cool piece of impudence. I have
+    published nothing about you upon the authority of others, but
+    upon my own authority and responsibility. You _suspect_ some of
+    your neighbors for writing to me, and hence you make this
+    demand. It is true, I have friends in Fincastle, and some of
+    these write to me, and when I publish any thing about you, or
+    any one of your associates, and give these friends of mine as
+    authority, I will give you their names, if called upon to do so;
+    or I will assume the responsibility myself. What I have said in
+    reply to the wicked, slanderous, and cowardly assault upon me,
+    in the dirty paper controlled by you, I have said upon my own
+    responsibilities, as a man, and as a member of the same Church
+    to which you belong; and whether my "peace as a citizen" is
+    preserved or destroyed, I am not the man to be intimidated or
+    driven from my position. My failure to give you the names of any
+    citizens of your vicinity, who may have written me private
+    letters, relating to your war upon young Hall, the Circuit
+    Preacher, "will detract largely from the estimate you have
+    placed upon my character." This I am sorry to hear, as I do not
+    wish to fall below the "estimate" placed upon my character in
+    the two issues of your paper, now before me! This would be
+    reaching "a lower deep," as the poet classically styles it!
+
+    Now, sir, I have a letter from a town in Virginia, not far
+    distant from Fincastle, written by a gentleman of as "great
+    personal courage" as you or myself, who states, that a gentleman
+    who was present at the trial of Rev. Mr. Hall, heard you make
+    the assertion, on that occasion, that you alone were responsible
+    for all the editorials that appeared in the "Democrat," and that
+    the "Junior" partner was not! If you think proper to make an
+    issue with this gentleman, you can have his name!
+
+    I am, Dr. Hopkins, your humble servant,
+
+                              W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+                                  _Editor of the Knoxville Whig._
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig.]
+
+TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE.
+
+
+VILLAINOUS SIR:--Letters from my friends in the West inform me that you
+are making a full team in the service of the Devil, Locofocoism, and
+crime, in portions of Missouri and Kentucky! You have recently held
+forth in Charleston, a pleasant post-village, the capital of Mississippi
+county, Missouri, about six miles south-west of the "Father of Waters!"
+In that town you undertook to inform the good people, the Circuit Judge
+being present, _who I am_, and to demonstrate that I am not entitled to
+credit in any thing I say! You claimed to have once lived in East
+Tennessee--to know the people and the country--and to have known William
+T. Senter and James Y. Crawford, two other Methodist preachers, whose
+_pedigrees_ you pretend to give!
+
+Mr. Senter was an able man--a moral and upright man--and a Whig
+Representative in Congress, from the District you represented _in the
+jail of Sullivan county_, for a long time previous to your being
+_branded in the hand and on the cheeks_, for MANSLAUGHTER, the
+particulars of which I will remind you of before I close this familiar
+letter! Mr. Senter could have gone to Congress longer, but voluntarily
+retired. Mr. Crawford was a brother-in-law to Mr. Senter, and was a
+preacher of respectable talents, and in good standing in his Church.
+They are both in their graves, beyond the reach of your malice, where
+the sound of your infamous voice, and the words of your lying tongue,
+can never penetrate their ears! But I am still above ground, daily
+kicking, and making war upon the Locofoco Paupers and Foreign Catholics,
+as well as Native Traitors, with whom you are associated, and with whom
+you act in politics. I acknowledge myself to be game for you to hunt
+down!
+
+You are now a _Campbellite preacher_ as well as a _Sag Nicht
+Missionary_; and the garb of religion you wear, gives a degree of weight
+to your falsehoods and slanders, among strangers, that they otherwise
+would not have. The idea of "_Stev Tribble_," who ingloriously fled from
+this country for crimes he could not meet in open court, being a
+preacher, and itinerating through the West, "in search of the lost sheep
+of the house of Israel," is so ridiculous, as scarcely to be believed at
+all, although there is no doubt but what he has been regularly installed
+in Kentucky, and now has the "care of souls."
+
+Why, you unmitigated old villain, your whole career, from your "youth
+up," has been one of crime and revolting blackguardism. While a boy and
+a young man, where Hoss's school was taught in Washington county, your
+vulgar conversation, immoral practices, indecent habits, and
+blackguardism, disgusted the entire neighborhood, and rendered you so
+odious that no decent family would board you! All the waters of the
+far-famed _Jordan_, in the palmiest days of that bold stream, were not
+sufficient to wash your sins away! If the Lord Bishop of London were to
+_immerse_ you as often as "seventy times seven," in the waters of "bold
+Jordan," and in the name of the holy Trinity, you would still remain
+what you were when you fled from this country to avoid the extreme
+penalty of the law--one of the greatest scoundrels for whom Christ died!
+
+Yourself and half-brother _Havron_ were confined in Blountville Jail,
+for the murder of _William Humphreys_, a promising young man, whom you
+brutally assaulted and murdered in open daylight in the streets of
+Kingsport, in Sullivan county, and without provocation! _You_ were tried
+and convicted of _manslaughter_, and branded in the _hand_ and on the
+_cheek_. After being branded, you _bit the letters out of your hand_,
+and _clawed them out of your face_, but the _scars_ are to be seen in
+both. Indeed, I have been written to, to know why these scars are on
+your face! I take this method of answering those inquiries; and
+publishing them in my "Whig," which has a circulation of 5,000, and our
+"Campaigner," which circulates 7,000 copies, I shall be able to
+introduce you to as many persons as may have heard you preach my
+funeral.
+
+While in the Blountville Jail, with your half-brother, Havron, whose
+blow killed Humphreys, after you had weakened him, you caught hold of
+the jailor, Montgomery Irvin, and held him in a scuffle, when he entered
+the room with your dinner, until Havron made his escape. Havron would
+have pulled hemp, had he not escaped; and had our penitentiary system
+existed at that time, you would have been sentenced for life! But you
+would not have remained there longer than the past summer, as we have a
+Governor who pardons out all such men, and has more sympathies for them
+than any other Executive Officer in the nation. You have a half-brother
+who is a Sag Nicht member of our Legislature, and a great friend and
+supporter of our Governor and his foreign associates, and he could have
+turned you out and procured for you an office if you had remained. But
+then you followed the teachings of "the spirit" of Sag Nichtism, in
+leaving between two days, and emigrating to Kentucky, as many precious
+souls would never have "heard the word," or had their sin washed away,
+but for you!
+
+In an unmentionable and disgraceful enterprise, you became possessed of
+a _broken leg_, and were mean enough to abscond without paying the bill
+of your physician, Dr. Patton, whose unremitting attention saved you
+from your grave, and from the clutches of the Devil, sooner than the old
+fellow was prepared for your reception! If you had the honor of a first
+class thief, you would pay this medical bill out of the proceeds of the
+first public collection you take up, either in Missouri or Kentucky. And
+if you suffer it to go unpaid until your infinitely infernal career is
+wound up, the Day of Judgment will disclose the manner of your breaking
+your leg! If I were you, I would sooner pay this bill now, than to be
+asked in the great day how my leg was broken!
+
+Disgraced as you are, unprincipled and villainous, you have gone into
+Kentucky, taken upon yourself "holy orders," and married a wife,
+imposing most shamefully upon the family into which you married. The
+woman you have thus imposed upon, would be justifiable now, in the eyes
+of both God and man, in forsaking you and applying for a divorce. And no
+court or jury would refuse her application, when made acquainted with
+your character.
+
+It is a remarkable fact--one that I desire to call, not so much to your
+notice, as to the notice of the public generally--that while all the
+members of this Foreign Democratic party are by no means villains,
+destitute of principle; yet, all the assassins, cut-throats, thieves,
+and hypocrites in the country have crowded into the ranks of that party!
+Fawned upon, fostered and pampered by the villainous leaders,
+demagogues, and tricksters of the party, who need the services of all
+such scavengers, you are encouraged to act with them. These leaders, who
+are really no better than you are, _generously_ admit you to a
+fellowship, and _courteously_ acknowledge all such abandoned rascals to
+be their equals! Such men, to a great extent, now constitute the
+free-democracy of the country--they desecrate the ballot-box--disgust
+decent men wherever they come in contact with them--blaspheme the name
+of God--and swear that they will either rule or ruin the country!
+
+But, Sir, it was said of a certain man in the Scriptures, that he was a
+"sinner above all the sinners that dwell in Jerusalem." So it may in
+perfect truth be said of you, that you are a scoundrel above all the
+scoundrels in the hateful ranks of Sag Nichtism. You deserve, for your
+depraved course of life, a greater punishment than you have received or
+are likely to receive in this life. The guilt of foul calumny, of the
+most black and odious kind, attaches to every sentence uttered by your
+lying tongue. Guilt, the offspring of fiend-like malice, shamefully
+false, deeply corrupt, and badly matured: perfidy, dishonesty, and rank
+poison--hot incense of murder, theft, inhuman spoliation, and deep, dark
+forebodings of damnation have been rooted and grounded in your heart,
+for lo! these many years! Dark despair, endless death, inexpressible
+misery, manifold, and worse than death, follow in the ghastly train of
+your crimes, and riot in your corrupt bosom, as with infernal
+drunkenness of delight! The record of your deep depravity, of your utter
+want of principle, and of your ten thousand villainous exploits, is
+_stereotyped_ upon the burning sands of eternity, and stamped on the
+imperishable walls of the _rotunda_ of the Devil's Hell, to which you
+are driving at railroad speed! In upper East Tennessee, where you are
+known, it would disgrace an _Algerine Bandit_ to sit and hear you
+pretend to preach! _You_ pretend to preach Christ and him crucified, and
+_immerse_ persons in the name of the Trinity! Shrouded in the _sackcloth
+and ashes_ of disgrace, enclosed in a _vault_ filled to the brim with
+_buried and putrefied venality_, and steeped to the very nose and chin
+in crime, how dare you attempt to preach!
+
+I repeat, you vile slanderer of the living and the dead, that, in
+justice to the cause of God and of civilization, I will keep spread the
+unfurled banner of your infamy on every breeze, and cause it to float in
+the atmosphere of every State in this Union, until your very _name_
+becomes a mockery and a by-word! And I call upon the people of Kentucky
+and Missouri to ring the loud knell of your infamy, from steep to steep,
+and from valley to valley, until their swelling sounds are heard in
+startling echoes, mingling with the rush of the criminal's torrent, and
+the mighty cataract's earthquake-voice!
+
+                              W. G. BROWNLOW,
+
+                                  _Editor of the Knoxville Whig._
+
+     June 7th, 1856.
+
+
+
+
+AN EXPOSE OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM.
+
+
+The following articles, setting forth the DESIGNS and TENDENCY of
+Romanism in the United States, appeared in the "KNOXVILLE WHIG" of May
+and June, 1856, and will speak for themselves. The writer has opposed
+the Papal Hierarchy for twenty years; and in a series of articles, now
+filed in a number of the "JONESBOROUGH WHIG," published _sixteen years
+ago_, he _predicted_ that the very state of things we are now realizing
+would come upon us as soon as the year 1860, and that the party calling
+itself by the revered name of _Democrat_, would identify itself with
+political Romanism!
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION.--NO. I.
+
+     The American Party and the Religious Test--The Louisiana
+     Delegation and the Gallican Catholics--The vote of the
+     Philadelphia Convention to admit the Louisiana Delegates--The
+     American Councils in Louisiana--Catholics proper cannot be true
+     citizens of a Republic.
+
+It is sometimes said by the Anties, that the American party, at their
+late Philadelphia Convention, dismissed the Catholic Question from their
+platform, and that they admitted into their Council a Catholic
+Delegation from Louisiana. We were in that Convention, from the hour of
+its opening until its final close, and we deny both statements. The
+fifth and tenth sections of the platform adopted at Philadelphia, and
+for which we voted, are in the following words, and they express all our
+platform says upon that subject:
+
+     5th. No person should be selected for political station,
+     (whether of native or foreign birth,) who recognizes any
+     allegiance or obligation of any description to any foreign
+     prince, potentate, or power, or who refuses to recognize the
+     Federal and State Constitutions (each within its sphere) as
+     paramount to all other laws, as rules of political action.
+
+     10th. Opposition to any union between Church and State; no
+     interference with religious faith or worship, and no tests
+     oaths for office.
+
+The American party was against political Romanism--against all who
+acknowledge any allegiance to a foreign Prince, Potentate, or Power; or
+who acknowledge any authority on earth, higher and more binding than
+the Constitutions of our States, and General Government. And those who
+are familiar with the temporal assumptions of Popery, and the political
+intrigues of the Order of Jesuits, can have no other feelings than those
+of disgust, upon hearing the Locofoco demagogues of the country cry out
+against the American party for their opposition to the poor Catholics!
+Against Popes confined to _Rome_, we make no war; but against Popes
+usurping civil and spiritual authority, in America, we protest most
+solemnly, and intend to make war, unrelenting and unceasing war!
+
+The Louisiana Delegation, five in number, were _two_ Methodist--_one_
+Old School Presbyterian--one Episcopalian--and the other, Mr. Eustes, a
+member of Congress, not a member of any Church. Those gentlemen
+presented their credentials for admission, and they were objected to,
+because Roman Catholics were admitted into the Order by the Louisiana
+State Council. A warm debate ensued, on a motion to admit the
+Delegation, on their credentials, which finally prevailed, by yeas 67,
+nays 50, many of the members having left for their lodgings, because of
+the lateness of the hour, and of their fatigue. _We_ were in favor of
+their admission, and so was Mr. Nelson, of East Tennessee, and we both
+claim to be _ultra_ Protestant, if the reader please.
+
+The "Catholicism" of Louisiana, we wish it borne in mind--that is the
+Gallican wing of the Church--is a very different species of
+"Catholicism" from that of our Irish and German Hierarchy taught in this
+country, under the training of Archbishop Hughes and Monseigneur Bedini,
+the Pope's villainous Nuncio. The French Gallican Church has so little
+respect for the Pope of Rome, that when the King of Sardinia was in
+Paris, less than twelve months ago, though he was under the interdict of
+a Papal Bull of excommunication from Pius IX., the Gallican Archbishops
+of Pius, and other Priests associated with them, visited him regularly,
+and tendered him unbounded courtesies and honors. The Gallican wing of
+the Catholic Church of France is liberal, as well as hostile to the
+insulting claims and pretensions of the Pope. But it is diluted still
+more with liberality, and with opposition to these claims of the Pope,
+among the French Creoles of Louisiana. Most of them, though Roman
+Catholics by name, from being educated in the forms of the Roman Church,
+have just about as much respect for Rome, and confidence in the Pope, as
+we have, and God knows that is very little. They denounce Papal Bulls,
+interdicts, and Nuncios. They throw off all temporal and spiritual
+allegiance to the Pope--the civil authorities of the United States with
+them are supreme--they are American born--and hence, our platform does
+not exclude them, and consequently they were admitted at Philadelphia,
+or, which is the same, their representatives.
+
+In 1652, under Louis XIV., the Gallican clergy met in Paris, and adopted
+the following point: "That the Pope has no power, of _Divine right_, to
+interfere with the temporal affairs of independent States." Thus, the
+Catholics of Louisiana rejecting the doctrine of the temporal power of
+the Pope, are not proscribed by the American party. They constitute a
+sound portion of the American party.
+
+Mr. Lathrop, a Presbyterian Elder, and a Delegate from Louisiana, read
+to the Convention from the ritual of the subordinate organizations of
+the American party of Louisiana, and showed that, while it admitted
+those to membership who professed the Roman Catholic religion, IT
+REQUIRED OF THEM THE DENIAL OF ALLEGIANCE TO ANY TEMPORAL AUTHORITY NOT
+COGNIZABLE IN THE STATE AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS; and from each
+secured a pledge, UPON OATH, that they would not divulge the secrets of
+the Order! He defended the Louisiana Catholics, as being true Americans,
+recognizing no civil or spiritual power in their Priests, and resisting
+every attempt, whether by a Bishop or Priest, to interfere with the
+institutions of our country. He cited cases which had occurred in
+Louisiana, of controversies between the Clergy and Laity, for the
+control of Church property, and the decisions of courts over which
+Gallican Catholic Judges presided, in favor of titles and control
+vesting in Trustees, the Laity. He showed that the native Catholics of
+Louisiana were the friends of common schools, and the advocates of
+popular education. He proclaimed aloud that the native Catholics of his
+State recognized no persons as proper depositaries of office, who
+acknowledged an allegiance to any person, civil or ecclesiastical,
+superior to that of the laws and Constitution of our country. He
+proclaimed that the Nuncios of the Pope of Rome hated these Louisiana
+Catholics, with a more perfect hatred than they did the "apostle
+heretics" called Protestants! This speech was received with unbounded
+applause, the question was called, and, as we have before stated, it was
+sanctioned, very properly too, by a vote of 67 to 50!
+
+The American party not only advocate religious toleration, but religious
+liberty, which is a very different thing. Toleration is not the word in
+our vocabulary--it does not express enough, because it implies the right
+to _permit_ or _prohibit_. We contend for LIBERTY, the meaning of which
+is, that men are not responsible _to each other, to Popes, Bishops, or
+Priests_, for their religious opinions or practices, and that
+consequently religion is not a subject of toleration.
+
+The Catholics, proper, have taken an oath of allegiance to the Pope of
+Rome, a "foreign prince, potentate, and power," and their obligations to
+him are higher, more sacred, and more binding, than any obligations
+they can take upon them to support the laws and Constitution of this
+country. These are the men that we refuse to vote for, or put in office.
+They are not and cannot be true Americans. The oaths of the priests bind
+them to war upon all Protestant sects, and upon all Republican powers of
+Government. These oaths bind them to the foot of the Papal Throne; and
+with these oaths upon their souls, they cannot be true citizens of this
+Republic without perjury. And if guilty of perjury, the State prison
+should be their residence.
+
+In our next, we shall consider this subject more at length, in
+connection with the oath of allegiance to our country, and the Catholic
+evasion of that oath.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 2.
+
+     Ambiguous terms in swearing--The case of Judge Gaston--Temporal
+     power of the Pope--Catholic authorities in Europe--The spirit
+     of the Catholic press in America!
+
+
+We are told by the Democratic sympathizers with the Catholics, that all
+Catholic emigrants to this country take an oath of allegiance to the
+United States upon becoming naturalized. Yes, they do, and the oath
+after it is taken, has no more weight with them, than has a
+regular-built Know Nothing speech.
+
+Here is a paragraph from SANCHEZ, the highest authority in the Catholic
+Church, Pope Pius only excepted. This writer, "by authority," shows how
+this oath of allegiance is evaded by a mental reservation:
+
+     "It is lawful to use ambiguous terms to give the impression a
+     different sense from that which you understand yourself. A
+     person may take an oath that he has not done such a thing,
+     though in fact he has, by saying to himself it was not done on
+     a certain day, or before he was born, or by any other similar
+     circumstances, which gives another meaning to it. This is
+     extremely convenient, and always very just, when necessary to
+     your health, honor or prosperity."
+
+Here, then, we have it from the highest Catholic authority, that
+Catholics are absolved from all allegiance to this government, because
+they take the oath of allegiance without committing perjury, by the holy
+process of a mental reservation--the use of "ambiguous terms," setting
+forth one thing while they swear another! We have no doubt that Chief
+Justice TANEY, a devoted Catholic of Baltimore, and now at the head of
+the Supreme Court of the United States, took his oath of office
+requiring him to support the Constitution, with this same mental
+reservation. We have no doubt that those Catholic Judges upon the
+Federal Bench in several States in the Union, and those Catholic
+Attorney Generals, appointed to office by Mr. Pierce, so understood
+their oaths of office, and of allegiance! And the practice of
+Post-Master General Campbell, a bigoted Catholic, and a member of the
+order of Jesuits, proves that he so understood his oath to support the
+Constitution. As true Catholics, they are bound to swear with this
+mental reservation, because they could not owe allegiance to a
+government of "heretics," such as they believe ours to be. As Catholics,
+they are bound to overthrow our Constitution, and aid in the destruction
+of our government.
+
+It is a matter of history that when the Legislature of North Carolina
+elected Judge GASTON to the Supreme Bench in that State, he hesitated as
+to whether he would take the oath or not. And why? He was, although an
+able man, and in all the private relations of life a most excellent man,
+a decided and devoted Roman Catholic. This is not all. The oath of a
+Judge in that State, which is not common in other States, requires the
+man taking it to avow his belief in the Protestant religion. Judge
+Gaston asked for a few days to consider--he went instantly to Baltimore,
+as was believed, to consult the Catholic Bishop, who then resided
+there--obtained a dispensation, as was supposed--wrote back that he
+would accept the office--returned, was qualified, and to the day of his
+death was on the Bench! This affair illustrates Romanism. And what Rome
+was, she is, and always will be. Can Rome change? Can the Ethiopian
+change his skin, or the leopard his spots?
+
+Here is what Philopater, an approved Catholic authority of the first
+grade, says, touching the principle in controversy:
+
+     "All theologians and ecclesiastical lawyers affirm that every
+     Christian government, as soon as it openly abandons the _Romish
+     faith_, is instantly degraded from all power and dignity: all
+     the subjects are absolved from the oath of fidelity and
+     obedience which they have taken, and they may and ought, if
+     they have the power, to drive such government from every
+     Christian State, as an apostate, heretic, and deserter from
+     Jesus Christ. This certain and indubitable decision of all the
+     most learned men is perfectly conformed to the most apostolic
+     doctrines."
+
+Our Locofoco advocates of Romanism deny that the Pope lays claim to the
+supremacy charged by the American party. On this point, we desire that
+the Catholics may speak for themselves. One of their standard writers,
+FARRARIS, in his Ecclesiastical Dictionary, a work endorsed by their
+Council of Bishops and Cardinals, under the article headed "Pope," uses
+this emphatic and expressive language:
+
+     "The Pope is of such dignity and highness, that he is not
+     simply man, but, as it were, God, and the vicar of God. Hence
+     the Pope is such supreme and sovereign dignity, that, properly
+     speaking, he is not merely constituted in dignity, but is
+     rather placed on the very summit of dignities. Hence, also, the
+     Pope is rather father of fathers, and he alone can use this
+     name, because he only can be called father of fathers: since he
+     possesses the primacy over all, is truly greater than all, and
+     the greatest of all. He is called most holy, because he is
+     presumed to be such. On account of the excellency of his
+     supreme dignity, he is called bishop of bishops, ordinary of
+     ordinaries, universal bishop of the Church, bishop of diocesan,
+     of the whole world, divine monarch, supreme emperor, and king
+     of kings."
+
+PETER DENS, of Maynooth College notoriety, whose "Theology" is the
+highest Catholic authority known this side of the Vatican at Rome, gives
+entire the Bull of Pope Sixtus V. against the King of Navarre and the
+Prince of Conde, whom he styles the _sons of wrath_. In this Bull,
+issued in the year 1585, he says:
+
+     "The authority given to Saint Peter and his successors, by the
+     immense power of the eternal King, _excels all the power of
+     earthly kings and princes_. It passeth uncontrollable sentence
+     upon them all. And if it find any of them resisting God's
+     obedience, it takes more severe vengeance on them, casting them
+     down from their thrones, however powerful they may be, and
+     tumbling them down to the lowest parts of the earth, as the
+     ministers of aspiring Lucifer."
+
+Here is what _Daniel O'Connell_ said so late as 1843, and he was a true
+Catholic and a true exponent of this faith:
+
+     "You should do all in your power to carry out the intentions of
+     His Holiness the Pope. Where you have the electoral franchise,
+     give your votes to none but those who will assist you in so
+     holy a struggle.
+
+     "I declare my most unequivocal submission to the Head of the
+     Church, and to the hierarchy in its different orders. If the
+     Bishop makes a declaration on this bill, I never would be heard
+     speaking against it, but would submit at once unequivocally to
+     that decision. They have only to decide, and I close my mouth:
+     they have only to determine, and I obey. I wish it to be
+     understood that _such is the duty of all Catholics_."--_Daniel
+     O'Connell_, 1843.
+
+Here comes one of the Pope's organs in France:
+
+     "A heretic, examined and convicted by the Church, used to be
+     delivered over to the secular power and punished with death.
+     Nothing has ever appeared to us more necessary. More than one
+     hundred thousand persons perished in consequence of the heresy
+     of Wickliffe; a still greater number for that of John Huss; and
+     it would not be possible to calculate the bloodshed caused by
+     Luther; and it is not yet over."--_Paris Univers._
+
+     "As for myself, what I regret, I frankly own, is that they did
+     not burn John Huss sooner, and that they did not likewise burn
+     Luther; this happened because there was not found some prince
+     sufficiently politic to stir up a crusade against
+     Protestants."--_Paris Univers._
+
+But here is the Pope himself arguing with the authorities already
+quoted:
+
+     "The absurd or erroneous doctrines or ravings in defence of
+     liberty of conscience, is a most pestilential error--a pest, of
+     all others, most to be dreaded in a State."--_Encyclical Letter
+     of Pope Pius IX., Aug._ 15, 1852.
+
+Now, let us hear their organs in our own country:
+
+     "Heresy and unbelief are crimes, and in Christian countries,
+     like Italy and Spain for instance, where all the people are
+     Catholics, and where the Christian religion is an essential
+     part of the law of the land, they are punished as other
+     crimes."--_R. C. Archbishop of St. Louis._
+
+     "For our own part, we take this opportunity of expressing our
+     hearty delight at the suppression of the Protestant chapel at
+     Rome. This may be thought intolerant, but when, we would ask,
+     _did we ever profess to be tolerant of Protestantism_, or favor
+     the doctrine that Protestantism _ought to be tolerated_? On
+     the contrary, we hate Protestantism--we detest it with our
+     whole heart and soul, and we pray that our aversion to it may
+     never decrease. We hold it meet that in the Eternal City no
+     worship repugnant to _God_ should be tolerated, and we are
+     sincerely glad that the enemies of truth are no longer allowed
+     to meet together in the capital of the Christian
+     world."--_Pittsburg Catholic Visitor_, 1848.
+
+     "No good government can exist without religion; and there can
+     be no religion without an _Inquisition_, which is wisely
+     designed for the promotion and protection of the true
+     faith."--_Boston Pilot._
+
+     "You ask, if he (the Pope) were lord in the land, and you were
+     in a minority, if not in numbers, yet in power, what would he
+     do to you? That, we say, would entirely depend on
+     circumstances. If it would _benefit the cause of Catholicism_,
+     he would tolerate you--if expedient, he would imprison
+     you--banish you--possibly, _hang you_--but be assured of one
+     thing, he would never tolerate you for the sake of the
+     _'glorious principles' of civil and religious
+     liberty._"--_Rambler._
+
+     "Protestantism of every form has not and never can have any
+     rights where Catholicity is triumphant."--_Brownson's Quarterly
+     Review._
+
+     "Let us dare to assert the truth in the face of the lying
+     world, and, instead of pleading for our Church at the bar of
+     the State, _summon the State itself to plead at the bar of the
+     Church, its divinely constituted judge_."--_Ibid._
+
+     "I never think of publishing any thing in regard to the Church
+     without submitting my articles to the Bishop for inspection,
+     approval, and endorsement."--_Ibid._
+
+In view of the foregoing, and other facts and arguments which we will
+hereafter present, we cannot be mistaken in our views of Roman
+Catholicism. We cannot tamely surrender our dearest rights as
+Protestants, without a struggle. We cannot cry peace, peace, when there
+is no peace!
+
+     "Protestantism, of every kind, Catholicity inserts in her
+     catalogue of moral sins; she endures it when and where she
+     must; but she hates it, and directs all her energies to effect
+     its destruction."--_St. Louis Shepherd of the Valley._
+
+     "Religious liberty, in the sense of a liberty possessed by
+     every man to choose his religion, is one of the most wretched
+     delusions ever foisted on this age by the father of
+     deceit."--_The Rambler_, 1853.
+
+     "The Church is of necessity intolerant. Heresy she endures when
+     and where she must, but she hates it, and directs all her
+     energies to its destruction. If Catholics ever gain an immense
+     numerical majority in this country, religious freedom is at an
+     end. So say our enemies. So say we."--_Shepherd of the Valley._
+
+     "The liberty of heresy and unbelief is not a right.... All the
+     rights the sects have, or can have, are derived from the State,
+     and rest on expediency. As they have, in their character of
+     sects hostile to the true religion, no rights under the law of
+     nature or the law of God, they are neither wronged nor deprived
+     of liberty, if the State refuses to grant them any rights at
+     all."--_Brownson's Review, Oct., 1853_, p. 456.
+
+     "The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap,
+     and shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"--_Ibid, October, 1852_,
+     pp. 554-8.
+
+     "We think the 'masses' were never less happy, less respectable,
+     and less respected, than they have been since the reformation,
+     and particularly within the last fifty or one hundred years,
+     since Lord Brougham caught the mania of teaching them to read
+     and communicate the disease to a large proportion of the
+     English nation; of which, in spite of all our talk, we are
+     often the servile imitators."--_Shepherd of the Valley, Oct.
+     22, 1853._
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 3.
+
+     The Catholic Church supreme over all authorities--Meddling in
+     Political Contests--Brownson's Review and the Boston Pilot
+     reflecting the sentiments of that Church--Protestants
+     advocating Romanism--The Nashville Union in 1835.
+
+
+The Anti-American, Foreign-loving, Catholic admirers of the Locofoco
+school of politics, everywhere seek to frighten native Protestant
+citizens with the bugbear cry of religious proscription. But let
+Americans and Protestants watch with increased vigilance both the Roman
+and Locofoco Jesuits around them. To call the damnable and accursed
+system of political intrigue practised for past centuries by the Roman
+Church by the term _Religion_, is a solemn mockery of the hallowed word.
+Religion teaches love and obedience to God, and the legally constituted
+authorities of the country. Romanism teaches fear of and obedience to a
+crowned potentate called the Pope, and opposition to all Protestant
+governments, as worthy to be cast down to hell! The one tends to free
+and ennoble the soul: the other to enslave and debauch every faculty of
+man's nature which likens him to the Almighty! The one is republican:
+the other is barbaric, and at war with every principle of free
+government!
+
+The American party does oppose and denounce Romanism _as a political
+system at war_ with American institutions; and we here ask candid men to
+weigh the evidence we shall adduce to sustain this charge. We shall
+quote none other than Roman Catholic authority--the organs of
+Romanism--so as out of their own mouths to condemn them. Brownson's
+Review is the accredited organ of Romanism in the United States. He
+ostentatiously parades the names of the Archbishops and Bishops on the
+cover of his Review, to give it the stamp of authority, and asserts in
+the work:
+
+     "I NEVER THINK OF PUBLISHING ANY THING IN REGARD TO THE CHURCH
+     WITHOUT SUBMITTING MY ARTICLES TO THE BISHOP FOR INSPECTION,
+     APPROVAL, AND ENDORSEMENT."
+
+Let us then look to his pages for an exposition of the doctrines of his
+Church. In the January number for 1853, he says:
+
+     "For every Catholic at least, the Church is the supreme judge
+     of the extent and limits of her power. She can be judged by no
+     one; and this of itself implies her absolute supremacy, and
+     that the temporal order must receive its laws from her."
+
+The uniform practice of the Church of Rome has been, and still is, to
+assert her power--not in _words_, but in _deeds_--to GIVE OR TAKE AWAY
+CROWNS--to depose ungodly rulers, and to absolve their subjects from
+their "horrible" OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE!
+
+Again, in the July number for 1853, Brownson says:
+
+     "The Church is supreme, and you have no power except what you
+     hold in subordination to her, either in spirituals or in
+     temporals.... You no more have political than ecclesiastical
+     independence. The Church alone, under God, is independent, and
+     she defines both your powers and hers."
+
+     "They have heard it said from their youth up that the Church
+     has nothing to do with politics; that she has received no
+     mission in regard to the political order."
+
+     "In opposing the nonjuring bishops and priests, they believed
+     they were only asserting their national rights as men, or as
+     the State, and were merely resisting the unwarrantable
+     assumption of the spiritual power. If they had been distinctly
+     taught that the political authority is always subordinate to
+     the spiritual, and had grown up in the doctrine that the nation
+     is not competent to define, in relation to the ecclesiastical
+     power, its own rights--that the Church defines both its powers
+     and her own, and that though the nation may be, and ought to
+     be, independent in relation to other nations, it has, and can
+     have, no independence in the face of the Church, the kingdom of
+     God on earth: they would have seen at a glance that support of
+     the civil authority against the spiritual, no matter in what
+     manner, was the renunciation of their faith as Catholics, and
+     the actual or virtual assertion of the supremacy of the
+     temporal power."
+
+In the same number, page 301, he says:
+
+     "She (the Church) has the right to judge who has, or has not,
+     according to the law of God, the right to reign: whether the
+     prince has, by his infidelity, his misdeeds, his tyranny and
+     oppression, forfeited his trust, and lost his right to the
+     allegiance of his subjects; and therefore whether they are
+     still held to their allegiance, or are released from it by the
+     law of God. If she have the right to judge, she has the right
+     to pronounce judgment, and order its execution: therefore to
+     pronounce sentence of deposition upon the prince who has
+     forfeited his right to reign, and to declare his subjects
+     absolved from their allegiance to him, and free to elect
+     themselves a new sovereign."
+
+We might multiply authorities of this kind on this point, to an almost
+indefinite extent, from the debate between Bishop Hughes and Mr.
+Breckenridge, and the controversy between Hughes and Erastus Brooks, but
+it is wholly unnecessary.
+
+As early as 1844, the Catholics took their stand as a body in the arena
+of political strife; and the illustrious CLAY and the virtuous
+FRELINGHUYSEN were the victims of their particular hostility. Mr.
+Frelinghuysen was the President of the Board of Foreign Missions, and
+this was made the _excuse_ for the bitter animosity of the Catholic
+press, and of the clergy and membership of the Catholic sect, against
+Mr. Clay. Brownson, in his July number for 1844, in the very heat of the
+contest, thus assailed Mr. Clay:
+
+     "He is ambitious, but short-sighted. He is abashed by no
+     inconsistency, disturbed by no contradiction, and can defend,
+     with a firm countenance, without the least misgiving, what
+     everybody but himself sees to be a political fallacy or logical
+     absurdity.... He is no more disturbed by being convinced of
+     moral insensibility, than intellectual absurdity.... A man of
+     rare abilities, but apparently void of both moral and
+     intellectual conscience.... He is, therefore, a man whom no
+     power under that of the Almighty can restrain; he must needs be
+     the most dangerous man to be placed at the head of affairs it
+     is possible to conceive."
+
+The Boston Pilot, another Catholic organ, published under the eye of the
+Bishop, discloses _the same plot_, in its issue for the 31st of October,
+1844, only six days before the election! Here is what this organ said:
+
+     "We say to all men in the United States, entitled to be
+     naturalized, become citizens while you can--let nothing delay
+     you for an hour--let no hindrance, short of mortal disease,
+     banish you from the ballot-box. To those who are citizens, we
+     say, vote your principles, whatever they may be--never desert
+     them--do not be wheedled or terrified--but vote quietly, and
+     unobtrusively. Leave to others the noisy warfare of words. Let
+     your opinions be proved by your deliberate and determined
+     action. We recommend you to no party; we condemn no candidate
+     but one, and he is Theodore Frelinghuysen. We have nothing to
+     say to him as a Whig--we have nothing to say to Mr. Clay or any
+     other Whig, as such--but to the President of the American Board
+     of Foreign Missions, the friend and patron of the Kirks and
+     Cones, we have much to say. We hate his intolerance--we dislike
+     his associates--and shudder at the blackness and bitterness of
+     that school of sectarians to which he belongs, and amongst whom
+     he is regarded as an authority."
+
+Protestants! do you hear that? Old Line Whigs! do you hear that? If so,
+do you think that Americans are warring upon civil and religious
+liberty, when they take an oath that they will rebuke such infamous
+sentiments? These appeals of Brownson, Hughes, and the Pilot, had the
+effect to defeat the Clay ticket in New York, and that State lost him
+his election. The Catholics were all at the polls, and voted for Polk
+and Dallas. On the 9th of November, 1844, Frelinghuysen wrote to Mr.
+Clay as follows:
+
+     "More than 3,000, it is confidently said, have been naturalized
+     in this city (New York) alone since the first of October. It is
+     an alarming fact that this foreign vote has decided the great
+     questions of American policy, and contracted a nation's
+     gratitude."
+
+And after they achieved the victory of 1844, Brownson came out with this
+avowal:
+
+     "Heretofore we have taken our politics from one or another of
+     the parties which divide the country, and have suffered the
+     enemies of our religion to impose their political doctrine upon
+     us; but it is time for us to begin to teach the country itself
+     those moral and political doctrines which flow from the
+     teachings of our own Church. We are at home here, wherever we
+     may have been born; this is our country, and as it is to become
+     THOROUGHLY CATHOLIC, we have a deeper interest in public
+     affairs than any other of our citizens. The sects are only for
+     a day; the Church for ever."
+
+When Gen. Cass made his speech in the Senate, in 1852, in favor of free
+worship and the rights of conscience for Americans abroad, reflecting on
+the Catholics by name, Brownson came out in his October number, and
+said:
+
+     "We are glad to see Gen. Cass laid on the shelf, for we can
+     never support a man who turns radical in his old age."
+
+In the same number, Brownson continues:
+
+     "The sorriest sight to us is a Catholic throwing up his cap and
+     shouting, 'All hail, Democracy!'"
+
+This too at the very time he was supporting the Democratic party in the
+Presidential contest! He would sooner have heard the cry, "All hail,
+Catholicism!" and he was only using Democracy as an instrument to
+advance his primary wish!
+
+We offer no comments on the foregoing extracts, of our own, but leave
+every reader to judge for himself. The price of liberty is eternal
+vigilance. We apply the remark to religious as well as civil liberty.
+All we ask of the people is to be vigilant. Do not support men at the
+ballot-box who are in league with these enemies of our Republic, and of
+the Protestant religion!
+
+Behold the enemy is at our gates! A foreign priest has been lecturing
+here in Knoxville, within the last ten days, avowing sentiments similar
+to these, and claiming that this country would ultimately become a
+Catholic country! The crisis is approaching! Rouse up, Americans, and
+hasten to your country's salvation! Not a moment is to be lost! GOD AND
+OUR COUNTRY, must be the watchword of every Christian and patriot, of
+every political party in the land. America expects us all to do our
+duty!
+
+And is there no cause for alarm?
+
+Eighteen months ago, a Protestant minister, Baptist, Methodist, or
+Presbyterian, might expose Romanism, and warn his congregation against
+its corrupting influences, for hours at a time--come down out of his
+pulpit, and his congregation would, without distinction of party, say,
+"Well done, good and faithful servant!"
+
+But let him now dare _allude_ to Romanism--he offends one-half of his
+congregation--he is _preaching_ politics--they will hear him no more; or
+forsooth, which is more common, they will withhold his support and
+starve him out! Are not these signs alarming?
+
+But here in Tennessee, _Protestant_ Tennessee, on the 15th of May,
+1855, the _Nashville Daily Union_, the organ of the self-styled
+Democratic party, came out at the Capital of the State with this daring
+broadside against the Protestant clergy and their religion:
+
+     "A Church that can boast of an existence of thirteen
+     centuries--passing through all the various vicissitudes of her
+     eventful career unscathed, can certainly show, with all her
+     atrocious barbarity, many bright spots which may be placed in
+     favorable contrast with the Protestant Church, with its
+     thousand and one wrangling sects. Men are beginning to see
+     through the transparent gauze that veils this Know-Nothing
+     movement. They are beginning to ask 'What has Protestantism
+     done for the world? What has she done to alleviate and elevate
+     the down-trodden? Is the race any better off for having
+     accepted her faith? THESE REVEREND HYPOCRITES--these scribes
+     and pharisees, are treading on a terrible volcano. They will
+     find their treasonable schemes and infernal plotting against
+     the liberties of man tried and condemned by the pure light of
+     God's own truth and love, which shines and throbs in every
+     pulsation of humanity's heart. If Protestantism prove recreant
+     to her high trust, she will have to pass the ordeal of
+     enlightened public opinion and be consigned to her merited
+     obscurity.
+
+     "Popery, with all its crimes against God and man, adapts itself
+     to the times and to the circumstances, and thus saves itself
+     from being absorbed in the mass of conflicting elements."
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 4.
+
+     A Catholic Priest the Minister from the Rivas-Walker
+     Government--Nicaragua, Texas, and Gen. Jackson--Bishop Hughes
+     and Orestes Brownson--Buchanan bidding for the Catholic
+     vote--A. H. Stephens, of Georgia--Lord Baltimore and Religious
+     Toleration.
+
+
+Three months ago, PARKER H. FRENCH arrived in Washington, as the
+Representative of the Walker Government of Nicaragua--an American-born
+citizen and a Protestant--but the Government declined to recognize him,
+upon the ground that Walker's Government was not established even _de
+facto_. Since then, our Government has recognized Walker's Government,
+and endorsed his war upon Costa Rica, although the former objection of
+our Government lies with as much force against such recognition now as
+it did three months ago. That the approach of the Cincinnati Convention,
+and the importance of conciliating the "Young American" wing, and the
+Filibustering division of the Democratic party, had great influence in
+producing this recognition, there can be no sort of doubt. But a still
+more palpable reason why this Government gave its sanction to the
+Rivas-Walker Government is, that PADRE VIJIL, the second Minister sent
+here, is a ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST, and a shrewd Spaniard--better
+understands the influences that prevail at Washington. When we remember
+that a Roman Catholic, and a member of the Order of Jesuits, is a member
+of Pierce's Cabinet, the Postmaster-General--and when we remember that
+Democracy now, without the Catholic-Foreign vote, is almost a nullity in
+the United States, we have a clear solution of this preference given the
+Spanish priest, PADRE VIJIL, over the American citizen, but a few weeks
+afterwards! As a sign of the times, the fact is one worthy of note. It
+shows, at least, that when Protestantism cannot prevail with the
+Administration of Pierce, Roman Catholicism can; and that hence, when we
+proclaim the power of the Pope, even in America, we but utter
+demonstrable facts. Romanism is even carrying Democracy from all its old
+wayside land-marks. In December, 1836, GEN. JACKSON sent a special
+message to the Senate of the United States, in relation to a proposition
+to recognize the new Government of Texas, and he gave reasons _against_
+it, which are exactly applicable to this Rivas-Walker affair:
+
+     "Upon the issue," he says, "of this threatened invasion by
+     Mexico, the independence of Texas may be considered as
+     suspended; and were there nothing peculiar in the relative
+     situation of the United States and Texas, our acknowledgments
+     of its independence at such a crisis could scarcely be
+     considered as consistent _with that prudent reserve with which
+     we have heretofore held ourselves bound to treat all similar
+     questions_."
+
+The existing Government of Nicaragua is in a far more critical condition
+now than that of Texas was in 1836, when Gen. Jackson went on to say:
+
+     "It becomes us to beware of a too early movement, as it might
+     subject us, however unjustly, to the imputation of seeking to
+     establish the claim of our neighbors to a territory, with a
+     view to its subsequent acquisition by ourselves. Prudence,
+     therefore, seems to dictate that we should still stand aloof,
+     and maintain our present attitude, if not until Mexico itself,
+     or one of the great foreign powers, shall recognize the
+     independence of the new Government, at least until the lapse of
+     time or the course of events shall have proved, beyond cavil or
+     dispute, the ability of the people of that country to maintain
+     their separate sovereignty, and to uphold the Government
+     constituted by them. Neither of the contending parties can
+     justly complain of this course. By pursuing it, we are but
+     carrying out the long-established policy of our Government--a
+     policy which has secured to us respect and influence abroad,
+     and inspired confidence at home."
+
+But Romanism is rapidly leading Democracy to the Devil! Archbishop
+Hughes--the head and front of the Papal Hierarchy in this country--has
+openly declared the grand aim and object of the Catholic Church is "TO
+MAKE ROME THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE WHOLE WORLD!" This same
+Archbishop is now engaged in raising an immense fund, for the avowed
+purpose of ESTABLISHING A COLLEGE IN ROME, for the education of a high
+order of Priests and Jesuits for the United States; the Roman Pontiff
+deeming the education of Priests defective if obtained in this land of
+liberty! This same Archbishop Hughes has now actively enlisted for the
+Presidential contest, for 1856, in order, to use his own language, "TO
+BREAK THE SPINAL CORD OF THE AMERICAN PARTY." The Irish Catholic vote is
+to be fused with the Black Republicans in the North, to prevent the
+success of the Fillmore ticket, and the Irish and German Catholic vote
+is to be cast for Democracy in the South and North-West--the Archbishop
+stipulating for special legislation for Rome, and for promoting this
+mammoth college!
+
+ORESTES BROWNSON, a leading Catholic authority, and the editor of
+Archbishop Hughes's organ--one of the most zealous as well as able
+advocates of Romanism in America--declares: "THE POPE IS MY INTERPRETER
+OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES!" The Supreme Court at
+Washington is subordinate to the Vatican, situated at the foot of one
+of the seven hills upon which Rome is built! Through the influence of
+the _Jesuit_ who is a member of Pierce's cabinet, the Papal Nuncio, who
+was sent from Rome two years ago, clothed with _foreign_ authority, was
+received by our government at Washington, and sent around the lakes to
+the North-West at government expense; and allowed to adjudicate upon a
+secular question AFFECTING TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION in the great State
+of New York!
+
+Mr. Buchanan, one of the several candidates before the Cincinnati
+Convention for the Presidential nomination, said, in a public speech in
+Baltimore, just before the meeting of that Convention, _by way of
+bidding for the Catholic vote_:
+
+     "In the age of religious bigotry and intolerance, Lord
+     Baltimore was the first legislator who proclaimed the sacred
+     rights of conscience, and established for the government of his
+     colony the principle, not merely of toleration, but perfect
+     religious freedom and equality among all sects of Christians."
+
+Lord Baltimore was a Catholic; and with a view to enlist the same
+influence, HON. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS, of Georgia, sent forth a
+published speech last summer, from which we make the following extract:
+
+     "The Catholic colony of Maryland, organized under the auspices
+     of Lord Baltimore, was the first to establish the principle of
+     free toleration in religious worship on this continent.
+
+     "The Colony of Maryland afforded protection to _all_ persecuted
+     sects."
+
+Now, in order to judge of Mr. Buchanan's "_perfect religious freedom and
+equality_," and Mr. Stephens's "_principle of free toleration_," let us
+examine an Act passed April 21, 1649, when Lord Baltimore was in the
+zenith of his power:
+
+     "Denying the Holy _Trinity_ is to be punished with _death_, and
+     confiscation of land and goods to the Lord Proprietary (Lord
+     Baltimore himself!) Persons using any reproachful words
+     concerning the Blessed Virgin Mary, or the Holy Apostles or
+     Evangelists, to be fined L5, or in default of payment to be
+     publicly whipped and _imprisoned, at the pleasure of_ his
+     Lordship, (Lord Baltimore himself!) or of his
+     Lieutenant-General." _See Laws of Maryland at large, by T.
+     Bacon, A. D. 1765._ _16 and 17 Cecilius's Lord Baltimore_.
+
+S. F. STREETER, Esq., of Baltimore, is the author of a work entitled
+"_Maryland two hundred years ago_." In this work, at page 26, Mr.
+Streeter says:
+
+     "The policy of Lord Baltimore, in regard to religious matters
+     in his colony, has, in some particulars at least, been
+     misapprehended and therefore misstated. The assertion has long
+     passed uncontradicted, that toleration was promised to the
+     colonists in the first conditions of plantation; that the
+     rights of conscience were recognized in a law passed by the
+     first assembly held in the colony; and that the principal
+     officers from the year 1636 or '37, bound themselves by on oath
+     not to molest on account of his religion any one professing to
+     believe in Jesus Christ. I can find _no authority_ for _any_ of
+     these statements. Lord Baltimore's first and earlier conditions
+     of plantation breathe not a word on the subject of religion: no
+     act recognizing the principle of toleration was passed in the
+     first or in any following assembly, until fifteen years after
+     the first settlement, at which time (1649) a Protestant had
+     been appointed Governor, and a majority of the Burgesses were
+     of the same faith; and when, _for the first time_, a clause
+     involving a promise not to molest any person professing to
+     believe in Jesus Christ, the words "and particularly a Roman
+     Catholic," were inserted by the direction of Lord Baltimore in
+     the official oath."
+
+McMahon, the tried friend of Lord Baltimore, speaking on this same
+subject, says:
+
+     "The proprietary dominion (Lord B.'s) had never known that
+     hour, (when there was opportunity to persecute.) The Protestant
+     religion was the established religion of the mother country,
+     and any effort on the part of the Proprietary (Lord B.) to
+     oppress its followers would have _drawn down destruction on his
+     government_. The _great body_ of the colonists were themselves
+     Protestants, and, by their _number_ and their participation in
+     the government, they were fully equal to their own protection,
+     and _too powerful_ for the Proprietaries in the event of an
+     open collision."
+
+Thus it will be seen that in Maryland, as everywhere else, in all past
+ages, so far as toleration is concerned, it was granted _to_
+Catholics--never _by_ them.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 5.
+
+     Popish aims at supremacy--Avowals by distinguished
+     Catholics--The order of Jesuits--Startling disclosures and
+     authentic references!--The strength of Romanism in the United
+     States!
+
+
+The Romish hierarchy aims at supremacy in the Church and the State. It
+is nothing more nor less than a great _political_ system, arrogating to
+itself the right to sway the spiritual and temporal concerns of men--a
+right it claims to have derived from God, and that therefore the Romish
+Church is above all, and may rule all. Hence the conspiracy against our
+government emanating from the Vatican, and planned by the Pope, his
+Cardinals and Bishops, in the late grand council at Rome! They there and
+then resolved on affecting the objects of the _Leopold Foundation_,
+established in Vienna, May 13, 1829, to support Catholic missionaries in
+the United States. Every member of this Society--and its branches are
+numerous, being scattered over the whole earth--agrees to offer prayers
+daily to _St. Leopold_, and every week to contribute as much as a
+_crucifix_. The valley of the Mississippi has been surveyed and mapped
+by the Jesuits, under the directions of the Vatican, and Popish
+Cardinals in Europe are boasting of the certainty of their subjecting
+this land of freedom at no distant day to papal supremacy! Rev. Dr.
+JAMES, an eminent clergyman of England, says:
+
+     "The Church of Rome has determined to compensate herself for
+     her losses in the old world, by her conquest in the new."
+
+Hence, too, a Papal editor in Europe conducting a Catholic organ, and
+advising vigorous measures for the extension of Papal power, says:
+
+     "We must make haste--the moments are precious--America may
+     become the centre of civilization."
+
+The Rev. Dr. Reze, of Detroit, a priest of distinction, who is now in
+custody at Rome, a few years since, writing from Michigan to his master,
+the Pope, says:
+
+     "We shall see the truth triumph--the temple of idols
+     overthrown--the seat of falsehood brought to silence--and all
+     the United States embraced in the same faith of that Catholic
+     Church, wherein dwell truth and temporal happiness."
+
+A Catholic priest in Indiana told a Protestant minister, an able
+Methodist clergyman, in a controversy, "The time will come when
+Catholics will make Protestants wade knee-deep in blood in the valley of
+the Mississippi!"
+
+Bishop England, one of their master-spirits in this country, in a letter
+to the Pope written from Charleston, and which was so good that his
+Holiness caused it to be published, said:
+
+     "Within thirty years, the Protestant heresy will come to an
+     end. If we can secure the West and South, we will take care of
+     New England."
+
+This same dignitary said to his brethren at Vienna in that memorable
+letter, by way of advice and encouragement:
+
+     "All that is necessary is money and priests, to subjugate the
+     mock liberties of America."
+
+The Jesuits profess to be a more devoted branch of the Pope's army than
+any other order. The Abbe De Pradt, formerly Roman Archbishop at
+Malines, calls them "the Pope's zealous militia:" another correctly
+calls them "the Pope's body-guard, organized for the express purpose of
+defending the Papal See, and undertaking a spiritual crusade against
+heretics." Pius VII., in his Bull of August 7, 1814, reestablishing the
+order, which Clement XIV. had suppressed, says: "We would be guilty of a
+great crime," if, amid the dangers threatening the Papal interests, and
+"if, placed in the barque of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual
+storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers who
+volunteer their services in order to break the waves of a sea which
+threatens every moment shipwreck and death."
+
+The presumption is, that "these vigorous and experienced rowers who thus
+volunteer their services," have some moving principle, some hidden
+spring, which moves with that oneness and constancy under all
+discouragements. The watch does not show the spring that sets it in
+motion: who that looks at its face and observes the movement of the
+hands will doubt that it is there, and that they move in proportion to
+the strength or weakness of that spring?
+
+The old Romans used to swear their soldiers: the Roman Church swears
+even her private members. Read the following from the creed: "I solemnly
+promise, vow, and _swear_ true obedience to the Roman bishop," &c. "This
+true Catholic faith, out of which there is no salvation, &c.--I promise,
+vow, and _swear_ most constantly to hold and profess the same, whole and
+entire, with God's assistance, to the end of my life, and procure, as
+far as lies in my power, that the same shall be held, taught, and
+preached by all who are under me," &c. "I also profess and undoubtedly
+receive all other things delivered, defined, and declared by the sacred
+canons and general councils, and particularly by the holy Council of
+Trent; and, likewise, I also condemn, reject, and anathematize all
+things contrary thereto, and all heresies whatsoever, condemned,
+rejected, and anathematized by the Church."
+
+The Jesuits are more strict, subservient, devoted to the Vatican, than
+any other wing of the Catholic Church. In the second volume of the
+constitutions of the Jesuits, under the heading of _obedience to
+superiors_, is written:
+
+     "You shall always see Jesus Christ in the General."
+
+     "You shall obey him in every thing. Your obedience shall be
+     boundless in the execution, in the will and understanding. You
+     shall persuade yourselves that God speaks in his mouth: that
+     when he orders, God himself orders. You shall execute his
+     command immediately, with joy and with steadiness."
+
+     "You shall be in his hands a dead body, which he will govern,
+     move, place, displace, according to his will."
+
+Under these teachings, says ARNAULD, a student in a college of Jesuits
+stated, on hearing of the implicit obedience of another:
+
+     "I would have done still more. Were God to order me, through
+     the voice of my superior, to put to death father, mother,
+     children, brothers, and sisters, I would do it with an eye as
+     tearless and a heart as calm as if I were seated at the banquet
+     of the Paschal lamb."
+
+Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore, in a recent publication, says:
+
+     "As early as 1624, the University of Paris charged them with
+     being governed by 'secret laws.' In 1649, Palafox, Bishop of
+     Angelopolis, in his letter to Innocent X., accuses them of
+     having 'a secret constitution, hidden privileges, and concealed
+     laws of their own.'"
+
+What will our Democratic Protestant opposers of Know Nothing _secret
+lodges_ say to this? What will our Democratic advocates of Popery say to
+the principles of such an organization, and to its "horrible oaths?" But
+hear the Roman Catholic King of Portugal, in his manifesto to his
+Bishops, in 1759, only ninety-seven years ago:
+
+     "In order to form the union, the consistency, and the strength
+     of the society, there should be a government not only
+     monarchical, but so sovereign, so absolute, so despotic, that
+     even the Provincials themselves should not have it in their
+     power, by any act of theirs, to resist or retard the execution
+     of the orders of the General. By this legislative, inviolable
+     and despotic power; by the profound devotedness of the subjects
+     of this company to mysterious laws with which they are not
+     themselves acquainted; by the blind and passive obedience with
+     which they are compelled to execute, without hesitation or
+     reply, whatever their superiors command," &c.
+
+But our Democratic anti-Know Nothings not only object to our having
+formerly kept our ritual concealed, but especially to our denial of the
+existence of our organization. Let them procure a copy of the secret
+instructions of the Jesuits, styled "_Secreta Monita_," and in the
+preface they will find these _lovely_ words:
+
+     "The greatest care imaginable must be also taken that these
+     instructions do not fall into the hands of strangers, &c.; if
+     they should, _let it be positively denied that these are the
+     principles of the society_," &c.
+
+But again:
+
+     "Auquetil, in the fourth volume, page 333, of his History of
+     France, gives an account of the celebrated case of the
+     bankruptcy of the Rev. Father Jesuit La Valette, the Jesuit
+     agent, for three million francs. Their ships had been taken by
+     the English; the bankers in Marseilles, who had accepted bills
+     of exchange to the amount of one and a half millions, required
+     prompt payment. They wrote to De Sacy, the General Procurator
+     of the Missions; he wrote to the General at Rome, but the
+     General died at the same time; and before a new General could
+     be elected, and an order sent to pay the money, the Fathers had
+     become bankrupt, and suits were instituted. After delay and
+     manoeuvre on their part, the case came on unexpectedly in
+     1760. All the Jesuits were accused. They tried to lay the guilt
+     upon La Valette, but the bankers charged that all the Jesuits
+     were under the General, and La Valette was only agent. In this
+     sad condition they proposed to prove, according to their
+     constitutions, that as a society their body possessed nothing,
+     that all belonged to each college-house, convent, &c. The
+     proposal of the Jesuits was accepted. On the 8th of May, 1761,
+     after trial, the Parliament condemned the General and all the
+     society to pay bills, costs, damages, &c., which they did
+     without selling any of their property.
+
+     "It was in this evil hour to the Jesuits that their
+     constitutions, which had been acted upon for two hundred years
+     in secret, were brought to light. Rules and constitutions maybe
+     in existence and acted upon, when it would be impossible to
+     obtain a copy from any one who was sufficiently advanced in the
+     order to be trusted with a copy."
+
+It will astonish American Protestants to be told how numerous,
+influential, and strong the Catholics are in this land of liberty! They
+have 7 archbishops, 40 bishops, 1704 priests, 1824 churches, 21
+colleges, 37 ecclesiastical institutions for the education of priests
+and Jesuits, 117 female academies, all of which are, in reality,
+_Convents_. Nuns, priests, and Jesuits are the professors, teachers, and
+matrons; and, strange to say, _Protestant_ young ladies are their chief
+supporters!
+
+The Romish Hierarchy is far more numerous in _Protestant_ America, than
+in any Catholic country on earth. Their strength in America equals what
+it is in Ireland, Scotland, and England combined! How extensive is this
+religious organization in our land: how subtle! Its ramifications are
+all so many _arteries_, which receive their life's blood from the heart
+at Rome, and return it there by its regular palpitations! It is now
+concentrating its _arteries_ at Washington City, and is promised "aid
+and comfort" from the great Democratic party--a party fast becoming the
+foe of true liberty, and of the evangelical Protestant faith.
+
+
+
+
+THE CATHOLIC QUESTION--No. 6.
+
+     The Oath of a Bishop--Oath of a Priest--Oath of a Jesuit--Oath
+     of a San Fedisti--Oath of an Irish Ribbon-man--The Romish
+     Curse!
+
+
+In this chapter we will exhibit the "_horrible oaths_" of the various
+grades of Catholics, from a _Bishop_ down to a _private member_--even to
+the "Irish Ribbon-men," thousands of whom swarm the United States. To
+these we will add the oath of the "Order of San Fedisti," an infamous
+secret society established in Italy, and introduced for the first time
+into this country by that prince of murderers, _Bedini_, the Pope's
+Nuncio; who was honored with a steamer at the expense of our government,
+Pierce at its head, to sail round our northern lakes, organizing these
+infamous societies. Last of all, we give the ROMISH CURSE, which is in
+full force and power in all Catholic countries, and is even pronounced
+publicly in our large cities, upon renegades from the Catholic faith.
+
+These oaths will be found commencing on page 42 of "A Treatise of the
+Pope's Supremacy. By REV. ISAAC BARROW, D. D. Second American Edition,
+1844." By this author, the Latin is given and then translated. The same,
+in part, will be found in the debate between MR. BRECKENRIDGE, of the
+Presbyterian Church, and ARCHBISHOP HUGHES, and by the latter publicly
+acknowledged to be genuine, before a Baltimore audience who heard the
+discussion!
+
+But these particular forms of oaths in question, which reckless
+Catholics and unprincipled Democrats deny, were published in England by
+Archbishop Usher, whose correctness and reliability is equal to that of
+any man. These oaths will be found in a volume entitled "Foxes and
+Firebrands," from a collection of papers by Archbishop Usher, and it is
+there stated that "it remains on record at Paris, among the Society of
+Jesus," and was drawn up in that form to URBAN VIII., in 1642, when he
+revived the bull of Pious V., which had slumbered seventy-three years.
+These oaths, as published, contain nothing which is not taught by Popes
+and Councils, Priests and Jesuits. Examine these _oaths_, and this
+_curse_, and answer us the question, Can men taking them, and
+subscribing to their doctrines, make citizens of this Republic?
+
+
+OATH OF THE BISHOPS.
+
+     "I, G. N., elect of the church of N., from henceforth will be
+     _faithful_ and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle, and to the
+     holy Roman Church, and to our lord, the lord N. Pope N., and to
+     his successors canonically coming in. I will neither advise,
+     consent, nor do any thing that they may lose life or member, or
+     that their persons may be seized or hands anywise laid upon
+     them, or any injuries offered to them, under any pretence
+     whatsoever. The counsel which they shall intrust me withal by
+     themselves, their messengers, or letters, I will not knowingly
+     reveal to any to their prejudice. I will help them to defend
+     and keep the Roman Papacy and the royalties of St. Peter,
+     saving my order against all men. The legate of the Apostolic
+     see, going and coming, I will honorably treat, and help in his
+     necessities. The rights, honors, privileges, and authority of
+     the holy Roman Church, of our lord the Pope, and his aforesaid
+     successors, I will endeavor to preserve, defend, increase, and
+     advance. I will not be in any council, action, or treaty, in
+     which shall be plotted against our said lord and the said Roman
+     Church, any thing to the hurt or prejudice of their persons,
+     right, honor, state, or power; and if I shall know any such
+     thing to be treated or agitated by any whomsoever, I will
+     hinder it all that I can; and as soon as I can, will signify it
+     to our said lord, or to some other, by whom it may come to his
+     knowledge. The rules of the Holy Fathers, the Apostolic
+     decrees, ordinances, or disposals, reservations, provisions,
+     and mandates, I will observe with all my might, and cause by
+     others. Heretics, Schismatics, and Rebels to our said lord, or
+     his aforesaid successors, I will to the utmost of my power
+     persecute and oppose. I will come to a council when I am
+     called, unless I am hindered by a canonical impediment. I will,
+     by myself in person, visit the threshold of the Apostles every
+     three years; and give an account to our lord, and his aforesaid
+     successors, of all my pastoral office, and of all things
+     anywise belonging to the state of my church, to the discipline
+     of my clergy and people, and, lastly, to the salvation of souls
+     committed to my trust; and will, in like manner, humbly receive
+     and diligently execute the Apostolic commands. And if I be
+     detained by a lawful impediment, I will perform all things
+     aforesaid by a certain messenger hereto specially empowered, a
+     member of my Chapter or some other in ecclesiastical dignity,
+     or else having a parsonage; or in default of these, by a priest
+     of the diocese; or in default of one of the clergy, (of the
+     diocese,) by some other secular or regular priest of approved
+     integrity and religion, fully instructed in all things above
+     mentioned. And such impediment I will make out by lawful
+     proofs, to be transmitted by the aforesaid messenger to the
+     Cardinal proponent of the holy Roman Church, in the
+     Congregation of the Sacred Council. The possessions belonging
+     to my table, I will neither sell nor give away, mortgage nor
+     grant anew in fee, nor anywise alienate, no, not even with
+     consent of the Chapter of my Church, without consulting the
+     Roman Pontiff. And if I shall make any alienation, I will
+     thereby incur the penalties contained in a certain Constitution
+     put forth about this matter.
+
+     "So help me God, and these holy Gospels of God."
+
+
+OATH OF THE PRIESTS.
+
+     "I, A. B., do acknowledge the ecclesiastical power of his
+     holiness; and the mother Church of Rome, as the chief head and
+     matron above all pretended churches throughout the whole earth;
+     and that my zeal shall be for St. Peter and his successors, as
+     the founder of the true and ancient Catholic faith, against all
+     heretical kings, princes, states, or powers repugnant to the
+     same; and although I, A. B., may follow, in case of persecution
+     or otherwise, to be heretically despised, yet in soul and
+     conscience I shall hold, aid, and succor the mother Church of
+     Rome, as the true, ancient, and apostolic Church. I, A. B.,
+     further do declare not to act or control any matter or thing
+     prejudicial unto her, in her sacred orders, doctrines, tenets,
+     or commands, without leave of its supreme power or its
+     authority, under her appointed; and being so permitted, then to
+     act and further her interests more than my own earthly good and
+     earthly pleasure, as she and her Head, his Holiness, and his
+     successors have, or ought to have, the supremacy over all
+     kings, princes, estates, or powers whatsoever, either to
+     deprive them of their crowns, sceptres, powers, privileges,
+     realms, countries, or governments, or to set up others in lieu
+     thereof; they dissenting from the mother Church and her
+     commands."
+
+
+OATH OF THE JESUITS
+
+     "I, A. B., now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed
+     Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the Archangel, the blessed St.
+     John the Baptist, the holy apostles St. Peter and St. Paul, and
+     all the saints and hosts of heaven, and to you my ghostly
+     father, do declare from my heart, without mental reservation,
+     that his Holiness Pope ---- is Christ's Vicar General, and is
+     the true and only Head of the Catholic or universal Church
+     throughout the earth; and by the virtue of the keys of binding
+     and loosing, given to his Holiness by my Saviour Jesus Christ,
+     he hath power to depose heretical kings, princes, states,
+     commonwealths, and governments, all being illegal without his
+     sacred confirmation, and that they may safely be destroyed:
+     THEREFORE, to the utmost of my power, I shall and will defend
+     this doctrine, and his Holiness' rights and customs, against
+     all usurpers of the heretical (or Protestant) authority
+     whatsoever; especially against the now pretended authority and
+     Church of England, and all adherents, in regard that they and
+     she be usurpal and heretical, opposing the sacred mother Church
+     of Rome, I do renounce and disown any allegiance as due to
+     Protestants, or obedience to any of their inferior magistrates
+     or officers, I do further declare the doctrine of the Church of
+     England, the Calvinists, Huguenots, and of others of the name
+     Protestants, to be damnable, and that they themselves are
+     damned, and to be damned, that will not forsake the same. I do
+     further declare, that I will help, assist, and advise all or
+     any of his Holiness' agents, in any place wherever I shall be,
+     in England, Scotland, and Ireland, or in any other territory or
+     kingdom I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the
+     heretical Protestant's doctrine, and to destroy all their
+     pretended powers, regal or otherwise. I do further promise and
+     declare, that notwithstanding I am dispensed with, to assume
+     any religion heretical, for the propagating of the mother
+     Church's interest, to keep secret and private all her agents'
+     counsels, from time to time, as they intrust me, and not to
+     divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing, or
+     circumstance, whatever, but to execute all that shall be
+     proposed, given in charge, or discovered unto me, by you my
+     ghostly father, or any of this sacred convent. All which, I, A.
+     B., do swear, by the blessed Sacrament I am now to receive, to
+     perform, and on my part to keep inviolable; and do call all the
+     heavenly and glorious host of heaven to witness these my real
+     intentions to keep this, my oath. In testimony hereof, I take
+     this most holy and blessed sacrament of the Eucharist, and
+     witness the same further with my hand and seal, in the face of
+     this holy convent this day--An. Dom., etc."
+
+
+OATH OF THE SAN FEDISTI.
+
+     "I, Son of the Holy Faith, No. --, promise and swear to sustain
+     the altar and the Papal throne, to exterminate heretics,
+     liberals, and all enemies of the Church, without pity for the
+     cries of children, or of men and women. So help me God."
+
+
+OATH OF THE IRISH RIBBON-MEN.
+
+     "I, Patrick McKenna, swear by Saints Peter and Paul, and by the
+     blessed Virgin Mary, to be always faithful to the Society (of
+     Ribbon-men); to keep and conceal all the secrets, and its words
+     of order; to be always ready to execute the commands of my
+     superior officers, and, as far as it shall lie in my power, to
+     extirpate all heretics, and ALL THE PROTESTANTS, and to walk in
+     their blood to the knee! May the Virgin Mary and all saints
+     help me! To-day, the 2d of July, 1852.
+
+     "PAT. MCKENNA, _from Tydavenet_."
+
+The following are the curses pronounced by the Papal Church against all
+who leave it for any Evangelical Church:
+
+
+THE ROMISH CURSE.
+
+     "By the authority of God Almighty, the Father, Son, and Holy
+     Ghost, and the undefiled Virgin Mary, mother and patroness of
+     our Saviour, and of all celestial virtues, Angels, Archangels,
+     Thrones, Dominions, Powers, Cherubim, and Seraphim; and of all
+     the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets, and of all the Apostles and
+     Evangelists, of the Holy Innocents, who in the sight of the
+     Holy Lamb are found worthy to sing the new song of the Holy
+     Martyrs and Holy Confessors, and of all the Holy Virgins, and
+     of all Saints together with the holy elect of God; may he,
+     ----, be damned. We excommunicate and anathematize him from the
+     threshold of the Holy Church of God Almighty. We sequester him,
+     that lie may be tormented, disposed, and be delivered over with
+     Dathan and Abiram, and with those who say unto the Lord:
+     'Depart from us, we desire none of thy ways:' as a fire is
+     quenched with water, so let the light of him be put out for
+     evermore, unless he shall repent him and make satisfaction.
+     Amen!
+
+     "May the Father, who creates man, curse him! May the Son, who
+     suffered for us, curse him! May the Holy Ghost, who is poured
+     out in Baptism, curse him! May the Holy Cross, which Christ,
+     for our salvation, triumphing over his enemies, ascended, curse
+     him!
+
+     "May the Holy Mary, ever virgin and mother of God, curse him!
+     May St. Michael, the advocate of the Holy Souls, curse him! May
+     all the Angels, Principalities, and Powers, and all Heavenly
+     Armies, curse him! May the glorious band of the Patriarchs and
+     Prophets curse him!
+
+     "May St. John the Precursor, and St. John the Baptist, and St.
+     Peter, and St. Paul, and St. Andrew, and all other of Christ's
+     Apostles together, curse him! And may all the rest of the
+     Disciples and Evangelists, who, by their preaching converted
+     the universe, and the holy and wonderful company of Martyrs and
+     Confessors, who by their works are found pleasing to God
+     Almighty, curse him! May the holy choir of the Holy Virgins,
+     who for the honor of Christ have despised the things of the
+     world, damn him! May all the saints from the beginning of the
+     world to everlasting ages, who are found to be beloved of God,
+     damn him!
+
+     "May he be damned wherever he be, whether in the house, or in
+     the alley, or in the water, or in the church! May he be cursed
+     in living and dying!
+
+     "May he be cursed in eating and drinking, in being hungry, in
+     being thirsty, in fasting, and sleeping, in slumbering, and in
+     sitting, in living, in working, in resting, and * * * and in
+     blood-letting.
+
+     "May he be cursed in all the faculties of his body!
+
+     "May he be cursed inwardly and outwardly! May he be cursed in
+     his hair; cursed be he in his brains, and in his vertex, in his
+     temples, in his eyebrows, in his cheeks, in his jaw-bones, in
+     his nostrils, in his teeth and grinders, in his lips, in his
+     shoulders, in his arms, in his fingers!
+
+     "May he be damned in his mouth, in his breast, in his heart,
+     and purtenances, down to the very stomach!
+
+     "May he be cursed in his reins and his groins; in his thighs,
+     in his genitals, and in his hips, and in his knees, his legs,
+     and his feet, and toe-nails!
+
+     "May he be cursed in all his joints, and articulation of the
+     members; from the crown of his head to the soles of his feet
+     may there be no soundness!
+
+     "May the Son of the living God, with all the glory of His
+     Majesty, curse him! And may heaven, with all the powers that
+     move therein, rise up against him, and curse and damn him;
+     unless he repent and make satisfaction! Amen! So be it. Be it
+     so. Amen!"
+
+Now, we ask all candid men whose eyes have not been blinded by the dust
+of Popery and Democracy, can a Bishop or Priest, a Jesuit or Catholic,
+with these oaths upon their souls, be true American citizens? Not
+without the guilt of perjury, as black as the altar of a Roman
+Confessional! And if guilty of such perjury, the penitentiary should be
+their canonical residence for life! Strange to say, however, the Chief
+Justice of the United States, Roger B. Taney, is a Roman Catholic! Gen.
+Pierce's Postmaster-General, James Campbell, is both a Roman Catholic,
+and a member of the Order of Jesuits, having taken this very oath! Roman
+Catholics are now on the Federal Bench in the United States: Roman
+Catholics fill the offices of Attorneys-general; Roman Catholics
+represent this Government abroad; and Roman Catholics fill post-offices,
+land-offices, and a variety of offices at home, out of which Protestants
+were driven by Pierce's Administration, to make room for them!
+
+
+
+
+LETTER FROM THOMAS A. R. NELSON, ESQ.
+
+
+This gentleman, an able lawyer of East Tennessee, a member of the
+Presbyterian Church, and a member of the American party, was nominated
+an Elector for the State of Tennessee at large, by the American State
+Convention at Nashville, in February last. Though an ardent American--a
+great friend of _Mr. Fillmore_--and a member of the late Philadelphia
+Convention, and aided in the nomination of _Maj. Donelson_, he has been
+reluctantly compelled to decline the position of Elector. Under date of
+May 30, 1856, he addressed a letter of nine columns, of great force and
+ability, to _Messrs. A. W. Johnson, Robert C. Foster, 3d., John H.
+Callender, William N. Bilbo, Sam'l. Pritchett, and E. D. Farnsworth,
+State Executive Committee of the American Party, Nashville, Tennessee_,
+declining the position. Although we regret his inability to serve, as do
+the whole party in this State, yet, if his letter could be placed in the
+hands of every voter in the State, we would be willing to risk the
+contest without further discussion. Such is our estimate of this
+document. For the benefit of "Old Line Whigs," and such Democrats as are
+disposed to excuse and apologise for Romanism, we give the four
+concluding columns of this letter. The five preceding columns are mainly
+occupied with an outline and defence of the action of the Philadelphia
+Nominating Convention, and a discussion of the slavery
+question--questions we had discussed in this work before this document
+came to hand. Mr. Nelson concludes thus:
+
+     "The Foreigners and Catholics were directly appealed to in the
+     Presidential elections of 1848 and 1852. Who does not remember
+     that, immediately preceding the election in 1844, fraudulent
+     naturalization papers were manufactured in New York? Who has
+     forgotten the Plaquemines fraud in Louisiana? Who has not heard
+     of the abuse of Mr. Frelinghuysen for no other cause than that
+     he was the President of the American Bible Society?
+
+     "But, without dwelling upon other illustrations, look to the
+     Democratic platform of 1852, and read the 8th section of the
+     third resolution, which is in the following words:
+
+     "'That the liberal principles embodied by Jefferson in the
+     Declaration of Independence and sanctioned in the Constitution,
+     which makes ours the land of liberty and the asylum of the
+     oppressed of every nation, have ever been cardinal principles
+     in the Democratic faith, and every attempt to abridge the
+     present privilege of becoming citizens and the owners of soil
+     among us, ought to be resisted with the same spirit which swept
+     the alien and sedition laws from our statute books.'
+
+     "During the last election in Tennessee, it was often said by
+     Democrats that they were just as much opposed to the
+     immigration of foreign criminals and paupers as members of the
+     American party, but would not attach themselves to the latter
+     because of their objections to its organization. But the
+     Democratic Platform of 1852 contains no exception against
+     criminals and paupers. The naturalization laws have, in
+     practice, been found inadequate to their exclusion, and the
+     platform, in effect, avows unqualified adherence to them
+     without _abridgement_ or modification.
+
+     "These laws are, in substance, declared to have '_ever been
+     cardinal principles_ in the Democratic faith.' By its own
+     avowal, the Democratic party is responsible for giving
+     encouragement to the whole policy of foreign immigration. If
+     that policy has flooded the country with criminals and paupers;
+     if it has produced riots and bloodshed in our large cities; if
+     it has endangered the religious as well as the civil liberty of
+     Protestants; if it has swelled the ranks of Abolition and
+     fanned the flame of Agitation--the Democratic party, by its own
+     avowal, is amenable at the bar of public opinion for these
+     astounding and deplorable results. Reckless of consequences, it
+     has persevered in a system hazardous to the stability of our
+     institutions, because that system has annually swelled the
+     number of its adherents, and increased the chances of its
+     perpetual ascendency.
+
+     "Without adverting to the census tables, or repeating those
+     familiar facts connected with the statistics of immigration
+     which have been so extensively published, it is sufficient to
+     observe that, under this continued patronage of the Democratic
+     party, the immigration of foreigners has increased from a few
+     thousands, twenty years ago, to nearly half a million in 1854.
+
+     "But the Democratic party cannot justly claim the exclusive
+     honor of projecting or carrying out the system. More than
+     twenty years ago, the Duke of Richmond declared, in substance,
+     that he had conversed with most of the sovereigns and princes
+     of Europe; that they were jealous of the influence of our
+     republican institutions upon their own Government; that they
+     did not expect to conquer us as a nation, but designed the
+     subversion of our Government by the introduction of the low and
+     surplus population of Europe among us; that 'discord,
+     dissension, anarchy, and civil war would ensue, and some
+     popular individual would assume the government and restore
+     order, and the sovereigns of Europe, the emigrants, and many of
+     the natives, would sustain him.' He also said, in speaking of
+     the United States, that 'the Church of Rome has a design upon
+     that country, and it will, in time, be the established
+     religion, and will aid in the destruction of that republic.'
+
+     "These statements of the Duke of Richmond are abundantly
+     corroborated by other declarations, as well as the most
+     undeniable facts which have occurred since their promulgation.
+
+     "I have in my possession, among various others, two small books
+     published by 'the American and Foreign Christian Union,' 156
+     Chambers street, New York, the one entitled 'Foreign
+     Conspiracy,' the other, 'Startling Facts,' both of which, as I
+     infer from their contents, were written in the year 1834, long
+     before the American party had an existence. The work entitled
+     'Foreign Conspiracy' is composed of a series of articles
+     originally published, over the signature of Brutus, in the New
+     York Observer. They now appear with the name of the author,
+     SAMUEL F. B. MORSE. His object in writing the work was to
+     arouse public attention to the efforts then being made in
+     Europe to propagate the Catholic religion in the United States,
+     and to show its danger to our republican institutions. He
+     traces the origin of the Leopold Foundation in Austria, under
+     the especial patronage of the Emperor at Vienna on the 12th
+     May, 1829, and shows that one of its leading objects was 'to
+     promote the greater activity of Catholic missions in America.'
+
+     "The letter of Prince _Metternich_ to Bishop Fenwich, of
+     Cincinnati, under date, Vienna, April 27, 1830, is set out at
+     length; and, in that letter, the Prince informs the Bishop,
+     among other things, that the Emperor 'allows his people to
+     contribute to the support of the Catholic Church in America.'
+     Numerous quotations are made from the letters of Foreign
+     Bishops in the United States to their patrons at home, and,
+     among the rest, on page 85, is the following statement, made by
+     one of them, in regard to the people of the United States: 'We
+     entreat all European Christians to unite in prayer to God for
+     the conversion of these unhappy heathen and obstinate
+     heretics.' But, forbearing to multiply quotations from this
+     little work, admirable in most of its positions, my main
+     object, in citing it, was to make the following extract, from
+     page 15 of the preface, taken by the author from the lectures
+     of the celebrated Frederick Schlegel, delivered at Vienna in
+     1828, where that distinguished foreigner says, 'The true
+     nursery of all these destructive principles, the revolutionary
+     school for France and the rest of Europe, has been North
+     America. Thence the evil has spread over many other lands,
+     either by national contagion or by arbitrary communication;'
+     and also the following quotation, from page 118 of Mr. Morse's
+     book: 'Austria, one of the Holy Alliance of sovereigns, leagued
+     against the liberties of the world, has the superintendence _of
+     the operations of Popery in this country_.'
+
+     "In the tract entitled 'Startling Facts for American
+     Protestants,' written in the year 1834, by REV. HERMAN NORTON,
+     Corresponding Secretary of the American Protestant Society,
+     from pages 27 to 39, an account is given of a London pamphlet
+     entitled 'New Plan of Emigration,' the production of a Roman
+     Catholic gentleman, a London Banker; in which a project for
+     occupying the North Western States with the Roman Catholic
+     population of Europe, is unfolded, together with _a map of the
+     country_, and, among other things, it is said, on page 29: 'The
+     first settlements should be made in those fertile prairie
+     districts situated on the southern sides of the Canadian lakes,
+     _where slavery is unknown_. On page 28, the objects of this
+     society, as set forth in this pamphlet, are stated to be,
+
+     "'1. To provide the means for colonizing the surplus Roman
+     Catholic population of Europe in our Western States.
+
+     "'2. To do this in such a way as to create a large demand for
+     articles of British manufacture.
+
+     "'3. _To make Romanism the predominant religion of this
+     country._'
+
+     "The census tables will show that, since these plans were set
+     on foot, in England and in Europe, to break down our
+     government, there has been an astonishing increase in the
+     foreign immigration to this country. Great as it was prior to
+     the Revolutions in Europe in 1848, it has been amazingly
+     augmented since that time. Millions of foreign money have been
+     collected in Europe and expended since the organization of the
+     society for the propagation of the faith, at Lyons in France,
+     about the year 1822, in the United States. While an Austrian
+     Emperor has had the charge, in a good degree, of the
+     propagation of the Catholic religion in the United States, the
+     public authorities in various parts of Europe have defrayed the
+     expenses of their criminals and paupers to this country, as was
+     clearly shown by Congressional investigations.
+
+     "What do these facts prove? Why, that the declaration of the
+     Duke of Richmond, that the crowned heads of Europe intended to
+     subvert our government, was true. What more do they prove? Why,
+     that the effort to establish the Catholic religion in this
+     country has, for more than twenty years, been conducted with
+     steady perseverance, until the Catholics, who, in 1850, were
+     more numerous, as the census compendium shows, than any one
+     denomination of Methodists, are now no doubt stronger than all
+     the Methodists put together, and stronger than any other
+     denomination of Protestants.
+
+     "While these publications have been before the American people
+     for more than twenty years, Democratic leaders have received,
+     with open arms, the swarms of foreigners who have settled upon
+     our shores. What care _they_ for the slavery question, when
+     they have seen this foreign immigration, according to the plan
+     concerted in England, settling in the non-slaveholding States,
+     and every year increasing the Abolition power? What care they
+     for the Protestant religion, if the Catholics can only give
+     them the numerical strength at the ballot-box? What regard have
+     _they_ for the preservation of our liberties, when European
+     despots are seeking to undermine them, if those despots only
+     send such myrmidons as will shout hosannas to Democracy and
+     drive from the polls peaceful American citizens who oppose
+     them? Is the preservation of the Union a matter of any
+     consequence to them? Do they not in vision behold its scattered
+     fragments and contemplate new confederacies, with hosts of new
+     offices and millions of spoil?
+
+     "Can any one doubt that the Democratic party is in league with
+     all the dangerous elements that have disturbed and are
+     continuing to disturb our once peaceful and happy country, and
+     that they stickle at nothing when votes are at stake?
+
+     "Look to their conduct in running Mr. Polk as a tariff man in
+     the North, and an anti-tariff man in the South! Look to the two
+     lives of Cass. Look to their equivocal position as to slavery
+     and the Union. Look to their appeals to foreigners and
+     Catholics by name in the elections of 1844 and 1852, and
+     probably in 1848. Look to their alliance with Free Germans and
+     Fourierites, Free Soilers and Secessionists. And, above all,
+     look to the miserable cant with which they raise the hue and
+     cry of persecution in favor of the Catholics, and, indirectly,
+     deny to Protestant ministers the right to make war upon a huge
+     corporation, calling itself a church, dealing in human souls,
+     reeking with the blood of martyrs, and begrimed with more than
+     ten centuries of oppression.
+
+     "No wonder that they have vilified and denounced the American
+     party with every term of opprobrium that our vocabulary can
+     furnish. No wonder they talk of dark lanterns and secret oaths
+     and midnight assemblies. No wonder that they strive to frighten
+     their followers with the notion that the American party is a
+     raw-head and bloody bones, which should be shunned and avoided.
+     For, if honest men of that party will only take the trouble to
+     shake off the control of their leaders: to think, examine, to
+     read, reflect, and act for themselves, there are thousands of
+     Democrats in the South who would scorn, like the American
+     party, an alliance with Abolitionists, and there are tens of
+     thousands of Protestant Union-loving Democrats everywhere, who
+     have only confided in, to be deceived and betrayed by, their
+     leaders, and, if they discover, as it is hoped they will, that
+     they have brought them to the crumbling verge of an awful
+     precipice, they have patriotism enough and Protestantism enough
+     to break away from them rather than make the awful plunge.
+
+     "I regret that I am admonished by the length to which I have
+     extended this communication, that I cannot now discuss the
+     Catholic question, as I had hoped to do at the outset, and I
+     shall present only a few disjointed remarks in connection with
+     it.
+
+     "The American party does not seek to impose any religious test
+     such as prevailed in the reign of Charles II., when two
+     thousand Non-conformist ministers were driven from their
+     pulpits, or such, as in the same reign, was imposed upon Roman
+     Catholics and continued from 1673 to 1828. The American party
+     does not propose that any religious test, of any kind, shall be
+     imposed by law, upon any person whatever, but it does seek to
+     organize a public sentiment on the Catholic question, just in
+     the same mode that, in times past, parties have sought to
+     organize public sentiment upon the tariff question--the bank
+     question--the internal improvement question--the temperance
+     question, and every other question which has been the subject
+     of difference. If it is lawful to say, I will not vote for you
+     because you are a Whig, it is equally lawful to say--I will not
+     vote for you because you are a foreigner. If it is lawful to
+     say, I will not vote for you because you are a Democrat, it is
+     equally lawful to say, I will not vote for you because you are
+     a Catholic.
+
+     "Neither does the American party propose, in the slightest
+     degree, to interfere with any of the rights secured to Roman
+     Catholics, in common with others, by the Constitution. If they
+     choose to worship a great DOLL as the Virgin Mary--to burn tall
+     wax-candles in daylight--to pray to God in an unknown
+     tongue--to believe that a simple wafer is the actual body, and
+     common wine the very blood of our Saviour--to enforce the
+     celibacy of the clergy--to worship the host--to believe that
+     old toe-nails and pieces of wood are precious relics--to
+     prevent their people from reading the Bible--to refuse to send
+     their children to Protestant schools--to retain the
+     confessional and the nunnery--to pin their faith to
+     unauthenticated traditions--to assert that theirs is the only
+     true Church, and to perpetrate a thousand ridiculous
+     mummeries--the members of the American party with one accord
+     will say, molest them not, disturb them not, trouble them not;
+     the religious privileges of this country are as free to them as
+     they are to us, and we will not, by law or by violence,
+     interrupt or interfere with them in the slightest degree. But
+     knowing that the Catholic Church was for a thousand years
+     allied to the State; that it claimed dominion, in temporal as
+     well as spiritual affairs, over the kings of the earth; that it
+     regards the Pope as the Vicegerent of the Almighty; that he
+     wears the tiara as the symbol of his power in heaven, earth,
+     and hell; that Romanists treat all other professions as
+     heretics; that its Archbishops, Bishops and Priests are sworn
+     to persecute all who differ with them; that the persecuting
+     spirit of that Church has been displayed, for centuries, in the
+     most odious acts of cruelty as well as the most despotic
+     tyranny that ever cursed the earth; that fire and faggot,
+     confiscation and torture have been its favorite weapons; that
+     no age, or sex or condition has been exempt from its inhuman
+     butcheries and demoniac lusts; that it exterminated the
+     Albigenses and Waldenses; that it caused the gutters of Paris
+     to run with human blood on St. Bartholomew's day; that it
+     lighted the fires of Smithfield; that through the
+     instrumentality of Tyrconnel and Catholic and Irish Rappadees,
+     it perpetrated the inhuman atrocities of the Irish Massacres;
+     that, it drove the Huguenots from France, and the Puritans from
+     England; that it has delighted in the chains and dungeons of
+     the Inquisition, and shouted, with fiendish exultation, at the
+     cries and groans of the victims in the _auto da fe_; that no
+     republican government has ever flourished under its sway; that
+     it regards ignorance as the mother of devotion, and denies the
+     obligation of an oath; that it gave rise to the Order of
+     Jesuits, the most detestable sect that the earth has ever seen;
+     that, in the midst of the blaze of the nineteenth century, it
+     has burned the Bible in America and imprisoned men and women in
+     Europe for no other offence than that of reading it; that,
+     abusing the freedom of the press and speech secured in the
+     United States, it unblushingly avows that all Protestantism is
+     heresy--that it is a crime--and punished in _Christian
+     countries like Spain and Italy_ as a crime; that it has
+     banished the Bible from Protestant schools, when under its
+     control; that it has intermeddled in political elections, and
+     is struggling for political power; that it wears a mask and
+     claims to be harmless in this country for present effect,
+     although it has never renounced one of its dogmas in any
+     authoritative mode; that it is typified, in the Bible, as the
+     Man of Sin and the Great Whore of Babylon; that it comes to us
+     as an angel of light, but is allied with the Prince of
+     Darkness: knowing all these things, and believing that the
+     Roman Catholic Church, now that it is covered with the broad
+     wings of Modern Democracy, partakes of its meat and is pampered
+     by its patronage, is, infinitely, the most dangerous political
+     power with which the people of the United States have ever been
+     compelled to grapple, the American party invites all who love
+     national liberty more than Democracy; who prefer civil and
+     religious freedom to the spoils of office; who revere the
+     memory of Tyndale, Luther, and Calvin; of Cranmer, Latimer, and
+     Ridley; of the seven Bishops; of Fox; of the Puritan fathers;
+     of Wesley and Hall; of the Reformers and Protestants of every
+     name, and, more than all, of our revolutionary ancestors, to
+     burst the fetters of party and come to the rescue of their
+     bleeding country, bleeding at every pore from wounds inflicted
+     by Democratic hands, amidst the jeers of European despots, the
+     shouts of foreigners in our midst, and the taunts and sneers of
+     Catholics and Jesuits all around us!
+
+     "Let not Protestant ministers be intimidated by the impudent
+     assaults of a venal press, or the fierce denunciations of
+     infuriated politicians, from doing their whole duty in the
+     pulpit and at the polls. No Presbyterian has ever denied to a
+     Methodist the right to question his religious faith, and no
+     Methodist will dispute the right of other denominations to
+     impugn his creed. Methodists have assailed the Presbyterian
+     doctrine of election. Presbyterians, in turn, have assailed
+     their ideas of perfection and falling from grace. Both have
+     controverted the Baptists' views of immersion, and all have
+     denied the Episcopalians' doctrine of _apostolic succession_.
+     These and many other points of difference have, from the
+     foundation of our government, often been the subjects of
+     earnest, protracted, and excited discussion; but when did any
+     American Protestant ever deny to another American Protestant
+     the constitutional right to differ with him in opinion, and to
+     express that difference through the press, in the pulpit, or
+     any other constitutional mode? Yet, it has been reserved for
+     Democratic presses to attempt, for electioneering purposes, to
+     curb the free spirit of Protestant ministers: to denounce them
+     as "REVEREND HYPOCRITES;" and, when beholding at home and
+     abroad, on the land and on the sea, among Christians and
+     Pagans, in the halls of legislation, in churches and schools,
+     in free speech, and in a free press, and in ten thousand other
+     forms, the magnificent and glorious results of the Reformation,
+     to ask, with impudent assurance, 'WHAT HAS PROTESTANTISM DONE
+     FOR THE WORLD?' Not satisfied with the storm of execration
+     which such an infamous interrogatory produced, the Nashville
+     Union and American, the leading Democratic paper in Tennessee,
+     in a very abusive article entitled '_What has it
+     accomplished?_' under date of April 26, 1856, thus speaks,
+     among other things, of what he styles 'the Know Nothing
+     Organization:'
+
+     "'_It has done more than this: it has gone into the Church and_
+     CONVERTED THE PULPIT INTO A POLITICAL ROSTRUM--_it has turned
+     the attention of the ministry from_ THE PEACEFUL PATHS OF
+     CHRISTIANITY TO THE ARENA OF POLITICAL TURMOIL--_it has pulled
+     down the banner of the Cross, and placed in its stead_ THE RED
+     FLAG OF INTOLERANCE AND PROSCRIPTION.'
+
+     "While Protestant ministers, in the enjoyment of the rights
+     secured to them by the Constitution, have, as before stated,
+     often engaged in controversies with each other as to their
+     differences in matters of Church government and speculative
+     faith, they have, with one accord, from the foundation of the
+     government, preached and published their views against the
+     Roman Catholic Church--which arrogates a superiority over them
+     all, and stigmatizes them as sects--long before the American
+     party ever had an existence. But because, in the course of
+     events, it has become necessary for politicians to inquire what
+     effect an acknowledgment of the temporal supremacy of the Pope
+     may have upon our free institutions, the Democratic party--if
+     it is to be judged of by its organ--would gag the Protestant
+     clergy, deny to them a right which they have always exercised,
+     and, if they dare to oppose the colossal strides of Rome,
+     denounce them as having converted the pulpit into a _political
+     rostrum_,' and as having raised '_the red flag of Intolerance
+     and Proscription_.'
+
+     "It is not for me to prescribe, nor do I desire to dictate the
+     duty of Protestant ministers; but if, in the combined efforts
+     which the Catholics have been making under the patronage of
+     European despots and noblemen, and the encouragement of
+     Democratic demagogues in our own country, they see that this
+     tremendous corporation has planted its footsteps in all our
+     large cities--is possessing itself of the North-West and the
+     Mississippi valley--and is encircling them, as it were, with a
+     wall of fire: if they see that the newspapers and periodicals
+     of that corporation have published doctrines in this free
+     country which they would scarcely avow in the Roman Catholic
+     countries of Europe: if, in one word, they believe that they
+     are to be persecuted and exterminated by Catholics, or take
+     care of themselves before it is too late--then Protestant
+     ministers, agreeing as they do in all great doctrines, and
+     differing only as to those which are not absolutely essential,
+     will cease to disagree among themselves, at least until after
+     they avert a common danger, and will rally as a band of
+     brethren to resist, in such mode as they may deem proper, the
+     encroachments and the insults of Rome, and all her satellites
+     and allies.
+
+     "If I do not greatly err in the estimate which I place upon the
+     Protestant clergymen of America, the Democratic party and the
+     Catholics will discover, sooner or later, that the same spirit
+     which caused the Protestant fathers to brave the perils of the
+     BOOT and the STAKE: to stand, without flinching, before such
+     miscreant judges as _Jeffreys_ and _Scroggs_: to yield two
+     thousand pulpits and look beggary and starvation in the face,
+     rather than compromise with conscience; and, above all, to risk
+     the untried dangers of the ocean and settle among savages--will
+     nobly animate their descendants, and they will act in a manner
+     worthy of themselves and of the great cause which is intrusted
+     to their keeping.
+
+     "Never was a more unfounded charge made against any party than
+     that of _proscription_ against the American party. It is only
+     the political feature--the allegiance to the Pope of
+     Rome--which we have felt called upon especially to oppose:
+     leaving it to Protestant ministers to expose, if they choose,
+     the absurdity of Catholic theological tenets.
+
+     "It is a historical fact that the Romish clergy of France in
+     1682, under the lead of Louis XIV., made a declaration that
+     'Kings and sovereigns are not subject to any ecclesiastical
+     power by the order of God in temporal things, and their
+     subjects cannot be released from the obedience which they owe
+     them, nor absolved from their oath of allegiance.' The doctrine
+     of this declaration is called indifferently 'the Gallican, or
+     the French, or the Cis-Alpine doctrine. That of the Court of
+     Rome is called the Italian, or trans-Alpine doctrine."
+
+     "Under the solemn assurance of the Louisiana delegation that
+     the native Catholics of Louisiana do not acknowledge the
+     temporal supremacy of the Pope, they were admitted to
+     representation in the American Council and Convention, and this
+     fact abundantly proves that there is no desire to _persecute_
+     Catholics for their religion, but only a determination to
+     resist their political doctrine, which, although denied by Mr.
+     Chandler in Congress, has been incontrovertibly established by
+     the history of that Church for ages, the avowals of Mr.
+     Brownson, the rebuke of Mr. Chandler by the Dublin Tablet, and
+     other overwhelming proofs.
+
+     "In concluding this letter, it would, perhaps, be proper to
+     dwell upon the claims of Messrs. Fillmore and Donelson to the
+     support of the American people of all parties; but their
+     characters are so well known, and I have already so extended my
+     remarks, that I deem it unnecessary to observe any thing more
+     than that Mr. Fillmore, by the faithful discharge of his duty,
+     won the most cordial approbation of his political enemies as
+     well as political friends, and had the confidence of the whole
+     country when he retired from office, and has done nothing since
+     to destroy it; while Maj. Donelson, as our Minister to Texas,
+     to Prussia, and to Denmark, sustained the dignity of our
+     country and acquitted himself with honor--denounced the
+     unhallowed proceedings of the Southern Convention--struggled
+     manfully, as the Democratic editor of the Washington Union, in
+     behalf of the Compromise, and never withdrew from it until May,
+     1852, when, so far as I understand his course from his public
+     acts, being unwilling to 'blow hot and cold' on the slavery
+     question, and to aid the Democratic party in wearing a Northern
+     and a Southern face, he indignantly retired from it, and
+     subsequently attached himself to the American party in the hope
+     that it could carry on his most cherished object--the
+     preservation of the Union.
+
+     "The object of selecting an old-line Whig and an old-line
+     Democrat, was to nail to the counter the charge that the
+     American party is the Whig party in disguise, and to induce, if
+     possible, conservative men of both the old parties to unite and
+     rescue the country from Democratic misrule.
+
+     "Hundreds, thousands of Democrats in Tennessee, acting upon
+     their own impulses and without concert with their leaders,
+     attached themselves to the American party, but under the abuse
+     of the leaders withdrew from it. Although, personally, I have
+     no claims upon the Democracy, and have been always opposed to
+     that party, yet I would respectfully observe that first
+     impressions are often the best, and if such Democrats will take
+     the trouble faithfully and honestly to examine the questions of
+     the day for themselves, uninfluenced by the dictation of party
+     leaders on either side, they will, doubtless, find many and
+     cogent reasons to return to their first love.
+
+     "But to such of the old-line Whigs as have not already gone
+     over to the Democratic party, I do feel that I have the right
+     through this or any other medium to address a few words. It is
+     well known that I have been a Whig from my boyhood, and until I
+     attached myself to the American party about twelve months ago;
+     and that, in some form or other, I have labored in behalf of
+     the Whig cause from my youth up--in good report and evil
+     report, in prosperity and in adversity, and without fee or
+     reward. And, with great deference to the opinions of others, I
+     would inquire what has any old-line Whig to gain, either for
+     his country or himself, by listening to the seductive
+     flatteries of Democracy, as he looks upon the dismembered
+     fragments of the Whig party, or sits, like Marius, amid the
+     ruins of Carthage? What party is it that has brought about the
+     desolation you behold? To whose strategy was it owing that the
+     once impregnable city was betrayed and surrounded, and its
+     lofty battlements levelled with the dust? What foul coalition
+     circumvented you, and whose pestilential breath is now
+     whispering in your ear? Has that party against which you have
+     fought for twenty years--which you have regarded as essentially
+     corrupt and dangerous to the Union--all at once, and by some
+     magical and unknown process, been cleansed of its impurities,
+     and does it stand before you clothed in a white and spotless
+     robe? What are some of the reasons why you opposed it?
+
+     "It denounced proscription for opinion's sake before it came
+     into power, but kept the guillotine in continual motion
+     afterwards. It rebuked any interference with the freedom of
+     elections, and then denied its doctrine, and sought in
+     countless ways to control them. It charged the administration
+     of John Quincy Adams with reckless extravagance, and has
+     expended as much, or nearly as much, of the public treasure in
+     one year as he did in the course of his administration. It was
+     favorable to _a_ bank, a judicious tariff, and internal
+     improvements by the general government, but has crushed beneath
+     its iron heel the whole American system. It promised a gold and
+     silver currency, and told the farmers that they and their wives
+     should have 'long silken purses, through the interstices of
+     which the yellow gold would shine and glitter,' but has given
+     us instead more than thirteen hundred State bonds, with a
+     capital of more than three hundred millions. It has united the
+     purse and the sword by means of its odious Sub-Treasury. It
+     trampled beneath its feet the broad seal of the State of New
+     Jersey, and encouraged Dorr's rebellion.
+
+     "It annexed Texas and California, and has strengthened the
+     Abolition power. It sustains the frequent use of the veto, and
+     under the name of Democracy delights in the exercise of
+     monarchical prerogative. It proclaimed in 1844 and 1845, that
+     not a thimblefull of blood would be shed by any war growing out
+     of the annexation of Texas, when that war sacrificed thousands
+     of lives, and has cost us millions in money and land. It
+     boasted, in regard to the Oregon question, that we must have
+     '54 deg. 40' or fight,' but swallowed its own words, and in later
+     times has attempted to retrieve its courage by the sublime and
+     magnificent bombardment of Greytown! It ordered General Taylor
+     into the heart of the Mexican country with a feeble force, and
+     when his victories had won the grateful plaudits of his
+     countrymen, it had the unparalleled meanness, while he was
+     still fighting our battles, to censure the capitulation of
+     Monterey. It had the baseness to call General Scott from the
+     head of a victorious army, and to attempt to disgrace him in
+     the eyes of his own country and the world. It denounced Judge
+     White as a renegade, General Harrison as a coward, Mr. Clay as
+     a blackguard, and General Scott as a fool. And, without
+     repeating what has been already urged in regard to its attitude
+     upon the slavery question and the other topics that have been
+     discussed, I submit to the old-line Whigs that there is no
+     principle which the Democratic party sincerely holds in common
+     with them, and that they should unite with us in the effort to
+     man the ship of State with officers and men devoted to the
+     Constitution and true to the Union, in the hope that it may be
+     rescued from the whirlpools and breakers among which it has
+     been so recklessly conducted.
+
+     "Having expressed myself with the independence which should
+     characterize a freeman, I cannot expect that a party which has
+     dealt in the most unmitigated denunciation of wiser and better
+     men than myself, will permit my observations to pass with
+     impunity, but I shall be amply compensated for their abuse if
+     abler tongues and pens will improve upon these hurried remarks,
+     and teach our Democratic traducers that they cannot continue,
+     without just retaliation, their unjustifiable assaults upon the
+     American party.
+
+     "Yours respectfully,
+
+     "THOS. A. R. NELSON."
+
+
+
+
+PROSCRIBING FOREIGNERS--FOREIGN IMMIGRATION--FOREIGN PAUPERS AND
+CRIMINALS--FOREIGNERS ELECTED GEN. PIERCE--OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN.
+
+
+The issue which most disturbs the Sag-Nicht Foreign Catholic Locofoco
+Dry-rot _patriots_, of the present day, in connection with the
+principles of the American party, is their _proscription_ of
+foreign-born citizens. If the reader will turn back to the Philadelphia
+Platform, and consult the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 9th sections of that
+instrument, it will be seen that the American party really proscribe
+only those who are proscribed by the _Constitution of the United
+States_, and the laws defining the rights of foreign-born citizens. The
+American party demand the enactment of laws upon this subject more
+_definite_, and in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
+
+The only _positive_ work which the Constitution does, in regard to
+foreigners, is to _proscribe_. It contains but five clauses touching the
+subject: four of these are PROHIBITORY, and the other is simply
+_permissive_. There is no guaranteeing clause whatever. We must be
+pardoned for recalling the very language of the Constitution--for in
+this _progressive_ age, our "Young American" generation is fast losing
+sight of the plainest features of that document: which, with
+Fillibustering, Fire-eating agitators, is _Old Fogyism_! Let the
+Constitution speak for itself:
+
+Section 5, Article II. of the Constitution says: "No person, except a
+natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of
+the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of
+President." That is proscription.
+
+Section 3, Article XII., says: "No person constitutionally ineligible to
+the office of President shall be eligible to the office of
+Vice-President of the United States." That is proscription.
+
+Section 8, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Senator who shall not
+have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of
+these United States." That is proscription.
+
+Section 2, Article I., says: "No person shall be a Representative who
+shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven
+years a citizen." This is proscription.
+
+These are the disabilities imposed upon Foreigners after they have been
+made citizens. But, more than this, the Constitution leaves it
+discretionary whether to make them citizens at all. It simply confers
+the power--_simply permits_. Here is the remaining clause, to which we
+have alluded:
+
+Section 8, Article I., says: "Congress shall have power to establish a
+uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of
+bankruptcies throughout the United States."
+
+But let us notice the matter of foreign emigration to this country. In
+that fragment of a nation, composed of three and a quarter millions,
+which accomplished the American Revolution, there were in the United
+Colonies, in the year 1775, just 20,000 more foreigners than now come
+into this country in six months!
+
+The progress of emigration into this country, as shown from the State
+Department at Washington, is after this fashion:
+
+In the year 1852,                                             375,000
+In the year 1853,                                             368,000
+In the year 1854, the returns of the first six months
+warrant the estimate for the entire year of                   500,000
+                                                            ---------
+The aggregate, for the first four and a half years of
+this decennial term, is                                     1,801,000
+
+There is no reason for believing that the vast immigration
+of this year will diminish. In fact, there is no
+limit to its rate of progress but the means of conveyance.
+Now, then, we have upon this basis an aggregate
+for the six years and a half intervening between
+this period and 1860, of                                    3,250,000
+                                                            ---------
+Making for the current ten years, the astounding aggregate
+of                                                          5,051,000
+
+Let Americans charge continually that the righteous ground upon which it
+plants itself is, THAT AMERICANS SHALL RULE AMERICA. Let them point the
+voters of the country to solid facts, from which there is no escape.
+Tell them that the emigration to this country, according to the Census
+records at Washington, was:
+
+      From 1790 to 1810     120,000
+        "  1810 to 1820     114,000
+        "  1820 to 1830     203,979
+        "  1830 to 1840     778,500
+        "  1840 to 1850   1,542,850
+
+--and that statistics show that during the present decade, from 1850 to
+1860, in regularly increasing ratio, nearly four millions of aliens will
+probably be poured in upon us.
+
+Point to the fact, that from this immigration spring nearly four-fifths
+of the beggary, two-thirds of the pauperism, and more than three-fifths
+of the crime of our country; that more than half the public charities,
+more than half the prisons and alms-houses, more than half the police
+and the cost of administering criminal justice, are for foreigners,--and
+let the demand be made, that national and State legislation shall
+interfere, to direct, ameliorate, and control these elements, so far as
+it may be done within the limits of the Constitution.
+
+Let Americans everywhere, and at all times, charge home and force upon
+the attention of the people the alarming fact that if immigration
+continues at the above rates, in thirty years from this time the
+population of this country will exceed that of France, England, Spain,
+Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland, all combined; that in fifteen years
+the foreign will outnumber the native population; that in 1854 the
+number of foreign immigrants was 500,000, of which 307,639 arrived at
+the port of New York; that the white population of North Carolina is
+only a little over 500,000--so that enough come to settle a State as
+populous as North Carolina in a year. Set forth the statistical facts,
+as shown by the last Census, that the immigration of 1854 was more than
+equal to the white population of either one of eighteen States of this
+Union; and in proof, point them to the following startling facts:
+
+A. Table comparing the white population of the States therein
+enumerated, with the foreign immigration of 1854, and showing the excess
+of foreign immigrants for this year above the respective population of
+the several States.
+
+                White population.     Excess of
+States.                               immigrants.
+Arkansas        162,189               337,811
+Alabama         426,514                73,486
+California       91,635               418,365
+South Carolina  274,563               226,437
+Connecticut     363,099               136,901
+Delaware         71,169               328,831
+Florida          47,203               452,717
+Iowa            191,881               308,119
+Louisiana       225,491               374,509
+Maryland        417,943                82,057
+Michigan        395,071               104,929
+Mississippi     295,718               204,282
+New Hampshire   317,456               182,514
+New Jersey      465,509                34,491
+Rhode Island    143,875               356,125
+Texas           154,034               345,946
+Vermont         213,402               186,598
+Wisconsin       304,756               195,244
+
+Analyze this table, and show from it that the foreign immigration of
+1854 was sufficient to have settled three States equal to Arkansas,
+three equal to Iowa, three equal to Texas, two to Louisiana, four to
+Rhode Island, five to California, seven to Delaware, or ten to Florida;
+so that under the principle of the Kansas and Nebraska act, while
+immigrants continue pouring in upon us at the present rate, we may have
+within one year ten new States applying for admission into the Union,
+entitled to their twenty Senators in the United States Senate; and yet
+this would be but the Senatorial representation of 500,000 foreigners.
+
+Let the light of truth be heard upon the great question of immigration,
+and let the people see that if the ratio of immigration continues as it
+has been since 1850, during the ten years from 1850 to 1860 there will
+have come four millions of foreigners into this country--enough to
+settle eighty States equal to Florida, thirty-two equal to Rhode Island,
+sixteen equal to Louisiana, or eight equal to Maryland, North Carolina,
+South Carolina, Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi, Vermont, Alabama, New
+Hampshire, or New Jersey. So the Senatorial representation of foreigners
+may reach one hundred and sixty members in the United States Senate, and
+cannot be less than twenty in a body composed of but sixty-two members
+representing thirty-one States.
+
+
+UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY--FOREIGNISM AND NATIVEISM.
+
+The reader will find below a list of the names of the employees in the
+Coast Survey, classified according to birth, and their respective
+salaries:
+
+
+Natives.                Salary. | Foreigners.                Salary.
+                                |
+E. Nutty                 $1,200 | J. E. Hilgard               $2,200
+J. T. Hoover                600 | S. E. Werner                 1,419
+J. H. Toomer                519 | C. A. Schott                 1,500
+J. E. Blackenship           500 | J. Main                      1,100
+R. Freeman                  350 | G. Rumpf                     1,000
+H. Mitchell               1,000 | J. Weisner                     900
+H. Heaton                   700 | L. F. Pourtales              1,500
+R. S. Avery                 660 | S. Hein                      2,500
+J. Kincheloe                339 | J. Welch                     1,565
+G. C. Blanchard             339 | A. Brschke                   1,408
+R. E. Evans                 339 | ---- Balback                   639
+R. L. Hawkins             1,200 | ---- Lendenkehl                782
+W. McPherson                700 | W. P. Schultz                  704
+W. M. C. Fairfax          1,800 | G. McCoy                     2,000
+M. J. McClery             1,600 | A. Rolle                     1,700
+---- Poterfield           1,000 | G. B. Metzenroth             1,095
+L. Williams                 860 | J. C. Koudnip                  939
+John Key                    782 | J. Rutherdall                  526
+---- Martin                 751 | J. Barrett                     375
+B. Hooe                     419 | J. Vierbunchen               1,095
+F. Fairfax                  500 | P. Vierbunchen                 281
+H. McCormick                156 | T. Hunt                        704
+E. Wharton                1,100 | J. Missenson                   626
+J. Knight                 1,700 | R. Schelpass                   469
+F. Dankworth              1,700 | C. Ramkin                      313
+J. V. N. Throop           1,252 | F. White                       960
+R. Knight                   939 | D. Flyn                        600
+C. A. Knight                626 | T. Kinney                      525
+G. Mathiot                1,800 | C. Kraft                       420
+S. Harris                   519 | B. Neff                        526
+S. D. O'Brien             1,059 | A. Maedell                   1,095
+A. Geatman                  704 |                            -------
+H. Tine                     626 |                            $31,867
+C. B. Snow                1,000 |
+J. Smith                    593 |
+G. Hitz                     313 |
+J. Cronion                  519 |
+A. W. Russell             1,300 |
+---- Tansill                660 |
+V. E. King                  720 |
+F. Holden                   500 |
+J. Mitchell                 331 |
+W. Bright                   216 |
+                        ------- |
+                        $24,429 |
+
+The whole number of natives, 43; number of foreigners, 31. Amount paid
+natives, $24,429; amount paid foreigners, $31,867. The average salary of
+the natives is $568 12 per year; of the foreigners, $1,029 98 per
+year--nearly double that of the natives. Is not this _favoritism_ to the
+foreigner, and _discrimination_ against the native? The disbursing
+officer, S. Hein, receives $2,500.
+
+The result of the last Presidential election was controlled by _foreign
+votes_, beyond all question. Look at the figures--see how they foot
+up--and see that the country is controlled by foreigners:
+
+                                                       Electoral
+                Foreign       Foreign     Pierce's     vote for
+States.       population.      vote.      majority.     Pierce.
+
+New York,     655,224         93,317      27,201          35
+Pennsylvania, 303,105         43,300      19,446          27
+Maryland,      51,011          7,287       4,945           8
+Louisiana,     67,308          9,615       1,392           6
+Missouri,      76,570         10,938       7,698           9
+Illinois,     111,860         15,980      15,653          11
+Ohio,         218,099         31,157      16,694          23
+Wisconsin,    110,471         15,781      11,418           5
+Iowa,          20,968          2,995       1,180           4
+Rhode Island,  23,832          3,404       1,109           4
+Connecticut,   38,374          5,482       2,870           6
+Delaware,       5,243            749          25           3
+New Jersey,    59,804          8,543       5,749           7
+California,    21,628         10,000       5,694           4
+             --------        -------     -------        ----
+                             258,548     120,094         152
+
+RECAPITULATION.
+
+Pierce's vote,            1,602,663
+Scott's vote,             1,385,990
+                          ---------
+                            216,673
+Foreign vote,               367,320
+Pierce's majority,          216,673
+                          ---------
+                            150,647
+
+The foreign vote exceeded Pierce's majority over Scott, 150,647 votes.
+
+It is thus demonstrated that in each of these fourteen States the
+foreign vote was larger than the majority given for General Pierce; and
+it is also demonstrated that the aggregate foreign vote of these
+fourteen States is more than twice the whole number of General Pierce's
+majorities in said States. If even one-half of the foreign vote had been
+given to General Scott, he would have been elected instead of General
+Pierce!
+
+The following New York City statistics set forth the amount of _crime_
+committed in that city for six months ending in June, 1855:
+
+     "It appears that the number of arrests made during that time
+     were 25,110. Of these, no less than 9,755 were for intoxication
+     and disorderly conduct combined; and 7,025 for crimes that had
+     their origin in the dram-shops, to wit:
+
+     "Assault and battery, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, &c. The
+     greatest number of arrests were in June, showing that during
+     the hot weather, as is generally the case, more liquor was
+     drank. The birth-place of the criminals, for two months, was as
+     follows:
+
+     United States,               1,750
+     Ireland,                     5,117
+     Germany,                     1,010
+     All other places,            4,847
+
+     "It needs no argument to prove if there had been no
+     intoxicating liquor sold in that city, a large portion of the
+     crimes and the misery resulting therefrom would have been
+     prevented."
+
+MORE INSTRUCTIVE STATISTICS.--The Jersey City Sentinel of the 22d ult.
+publishes statistics of crime and pauperism in Jersey City and Hudson
+County, as follows:
+
+     "Number of inhabitants in Jersey City, 21,000, viz.: natives,
+     13,000; Irish, 5,000; other foreigners, 4,000. Number of
+     persons who have been confined in the city prison, 4,100, viz.:
+     natives, 75; Irish, 3,550; other foreigners, 475. Number of
+     persons confined in the county jail at present, 68, viz.:
+     natives, 2; Irish, 58: other foreigners, 8. Of 188 persons who
+     have been inmates of the Almshouse, none have been natives, and
+     no foreigners except Irish. Of 723 who received aid from the
+     Poor-master, 2 were natives, and 721 were Irish."
+
+We will now submit, as authorities, some names which ought to have
+weight with the American people, and which demonstrate, beyond all
+contradiction, that we have had "Know Nothings" in our country in
+former days, if they were not called by that name! Here are the words
+and sentiments of these "dark-lantern patriots:"
+
+     "Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence, (I conjure
+     you to believe me, fellow-citizens,) the jealousy of a free
+     people ought to be constantly awake. It is one of the most
+     baneful foes of a Republican government."--WASHINGTON.
+
+     "I hope we may find some hope in future of shielding ourselves
+     from foreign influence, in whatever form it may be attempted. I
+     wish there were an ocean of fire between this and the old
+     world."--JEFFERSON.
+
+     "Foreign influence is a Grecian horse to the republic: we
+     cannot be too careful to exclude its entrance."--MADISON.
+
+     "There is an imperative necessity for reforming the
+     Naturalization Laws of the United States."--DANIEL WEBSTER.
+
+     "It is high time we should become a little more Americanized,
+     and instead of feeding the paupers and laborers of England,
+     feed our own; or else, in a short time, by our present policy,
+     we shall become paupers ourselves."--ANDREW JACKSON.
+
+     "I agree with the father of his country, that we should guard
+     with a jealousy becoming a free people, our institutions,
+     against the insidious wiles of foreign influence."--HENRY CLAY.
+
+     "Our naturalization laws are unquestionably defective, or our
+     alms-houses would not now be filled with paupers. Of the
+     134,000 paupers in the United States, 68,000 are foreigners,
+     and 66,000 natives. The annals of crime have swelled as the
+     jails of Europe have poured their contents into the country,
+     and the felon convict, reeking from a murder in Europe, or who
+     has had the fortune to escape punishment for any other crime
+     abroad, easily gains naturalization here, by spending a part of
+     five years within the limits of the United States. Our country
+     has become a Botany Bay, into which Europe annually discharges
+     her criminals of every description."--JOHN M. CLAYTON, United
+     States Senator.
+
+Forty years ago, this subject came up in the Congress of the United
+States, and that far-seeing statesman and patriot, JOHN RANDOLPH, of
+Virginia, made a speech, from which we take the following extract:
+
+     "How long the country would endure this foreign yoke in its
+     most odious and disgusting form he could not tell, but this he
+     would say, that if we were to be dictated to and ruled by
+     foreigners, he would much rather be ruled by a British
+     Parliament than by British subjects here. Should he be told
+     that those men fought in the war of the Revolution, he would
+     answer, that those who did so were not included by him in the
+     class he adverted to. That was a civil war, and they and we
+     were at its commencement alike British subjects. Native
+     Britons, therefore, then taking arms on our side, gave them the
+     same rights as those who were born in this country, and his
+     motion could be easily modified so as to provide for any that
+     might be of this description, but no such modification, he was
+     sure, would be found necessary, for this plain reason, to wit:
+
+     "Where were the soldiers of the Revolution who were not
+     natives? They were either already retired or else retiring to
+     that great reckoning where discounts were not allowed. If the
+     honorable gentleman (opposing the proposition) would point his
+     finger to any such kind of person now living, he would agree to
+     his being made an exception to the amendment. It was time that
+     the American people should have a character of their own, and
+     where would they find it? In New England and in Virginia only,
+     because they were a homogeneous race--a peculiar people. They
+     never yet appointed foreigners to sit in that house (of
+     Congress) for them, or to fill their high offices. In both
+     States this was their policy: it was not found in, nor was it
+     owing to their paper constitutions, but what was better, it was
+     interwoven in the frame of their thoughts and sentiments, in
+     their steady habits, in their principles from the cradle--a
+     much more solid security than could be found in any abracadabra
+     which constitution-mongers could scrawl upon paper.
+
+     "It might be indiscreet in him to say it, for, to say the
+     truth, he had as little of that rascally virtue, prudence, he
+     apprehended, as any man, and could as little conceal what he
+     felt as affect what he did not feel. He knew it was not the way
+     for him to conciliate the manufacturing body, yet he would say
+     that he wished with all his heart that his bootmaker, his
+     hatter, and other manufacturers, would rather stay in Great
+     Britain, under their own laws, than come here to make laws for
+     us, and leave us to import our covering. We must have our
+     clothing home-made, (said he,) but I would much rather have my
+     workmen home-made, and import my clothing. Was it best to have
+     our own unpolluted republic peopled with its own pure _native_
+     republicans, or erect another Sheffield, another Manchester,
+     and another Birmingham, upon the banks of the Schuylkill, the
+     Delaware, and the Brandywine, or have a host of Luddites
+     amongst us--wretches from whom every vestige of the human
+     creation seemed to be effaced? Would they wish to have their
+     elections on that floor decided by a rabble? What was the ruin
+     of old Rome? Why, their opening their gates and letting in the
+     rabble of the whole world to be their legislators!"
+
+     "If (said he) you wish to preserve among your fellow-citizens
+     that exalted sense of freedom which gave birth to the
+     Revolution--if you wish to keep alive among them the spirit of
+     '76, you must endeavor to stop this flood of immigration! You
+     must teach the people of Europe that if they do come here, all
+     they must hope to receive is protection--but that they must
+     have no share in the government. From such men a temporary
+     party may receive precarious aid, but the country cannot be
+     safe nor the people happy where they are introduced into
+     government, or meddle with public concerns in any great
+     degree."
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "This (said Mr. Randolph) is a favorable time to make a stand
+     against this evil (immigration,) and if not _this_ session, he
+     hoped that in the _next_ there would be a revisal of the
+     naturalization laws."
+
+A few short epistles from the pen of Gen. WASHINGTON, and we will close
+this chapter. These we take from the "Papers of Washington by Sparks."
+George Washington, justly styled the "father of his country," was a
+great and good man--a primitive Know Nothing--a praying Protestant--and
+withal, the man who was "first in war, first in peace, and first in the
+hearts of his countrymen." Here are the honest sentiments of this man:
+
+     TO RICHARD HENRY LEE.
+
+     "MORRISTOWN, May 17, 1777.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--I take the liberty to ask you what Congress expects
+     I am to do with the many foreigners they have at different
+     times promoted to the rank of field-officers, and, by the last
+     resolve, two to that of colonels.... These men have no
+     attachment nor ties to the country, further than interest binds
+     them. Our officers think it exceedingly hard, after they have
+     toiled in this service and have sustained many losses, to have
+     strangers put over them, whose merit, perhaps, is not equal to
+     their own, but whose effrontery will take no denial.... It is
+     by the zeal and activity of our own people that the cause must
+     be supported, and not by a few hungry adventurers....
+
+                              "I am, &c.,
+
+                                  "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. IV., p. 423.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO THE SAME.
+
+                                    "MIDDLEBROOK, June 1, 1777.
+
+     "You will, before this can reach you, have seen Monsieur
+     Ducoudray. What his real expectations are, I do not know; but I
+     fear, if his appointment is equal to what I have been told is
+     his expectation, it will be attended with unhappy consequences.
+     _To say nothing of the policy of intrusting a department, on
+     the execution of which the salvation of the army depends, to a
+     foreigner who has no other tie to bind him to the interests of
+     this country than honor_, I would beg leave to observe that by
+     putting Mr. D. at the head of the artillery, you will lose a
+     very valuable officer in General Knox, who is a man of great
+     military reading, sound judgment, and clear conceptions, who
+     will resign if any one is put over him.... I am, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. IV., p. 446.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, ESQ.
+
+                                    "WHITE PLAINS, July 24, 1778.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--The design of this is to touch cursorily upon a
+     subject of very great importance to the well-being of these
+     States: much more so than will appear at first view. I mean
+     _the appointment of so many foreigners to offices of high rank
+     and trust in our service_.
+
+     "The lavish manner in which rank has hitherto been bestowed on
+     these gentlemen, will certainly be productive of one or the
+     other of these two evils--_either to make us despicable in the
+     eyes of Europe, or become a means of pouring them in upon us
+     like a torrent, and adding to our present burden_.
+
+     "But it is neither the expense nor trouble of them that I
+     dread: there is an evil more extensive in its nature and fatal
+     in its consequences to be apprehended, and that is the driving
+     of all our own officers out of the service, and throwing not
+     only our army but our military councils entirely into the hands
+     of foreigners.
+
+     "The officers, my dear sir, on whom you must depend for the
+     defence of this cause, distinguished by length of service,
+     their connections, property, and military merit, will not
+     submit much, if any longer, to the unnatural promotion of men
+     over them who have nothing more than a little plausibility,
+     unbounded pride and ambition, and a perseverance in application
+     not to be resisted but by uncommon firmness, to support their
+     pretensions: men who, in the first instance, tell you they wish
+     for nothing more than the honor of serving in so glorious a
+     cause as volunteers, the next day solicit rank without pay, the
+     day following want money advanced to them, and in the course of
+     a week want further promotion, and are not satisfied with any
+     thing you can do for them. The expediency and the policy of the
+     measure remain to be considered, and whether it is consistent
+     with justice or prudence to promote these military
+     fortune-hunters at the hazard of your army.
+
+     "Baron Steuben, I now find, is also wanting to quit his
+     inspectorship for a command in the line. This will be
+     productive of much discontent to the brigadiers. In a word,
+     although I think the Baron an excellent officer, _I do most
+     devoutly wish that we had not a single foreigner among us,
+     except the Marquis de Lafayette_, who acts upon very different
+     principles from those which govern the rest. Adieu.
+
+                              "I am most sincerely yours,
+
+                                 "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. VI., p. 13.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO JOHN ADAMS, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
+
+                                    "PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 27, 1794.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--... My opinion with respect to immigration is, that
+     except of useful mechanics and some particular description of
+     men or professions, there is no need of encouragement. I am,
+     &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 1.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     TO J. Q. ADAMS, AMERICAN MINISTER AT BERLIN.
+
+                                    "MOUNT VERNON, Jan. 20, 1799.
+
+     "SIR:--... You know, my good sir, that it is not the policy of
+     this country to employ aliens where it can well be avoided,
+     either in the civil or military walks of life.... There is a
+     species of self-importance in all foreign officers that cannot
+     be gratified without doing injustice to meritorious characters
+     among our own countrymen, who conceive, and justly, where there
+     is no great preponderancy of experience or merit, that they are
+     entitled to the occupancy of all offices in the gift of their
+     government.
+
+                                "I am, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 392.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     SAME DATE, TO A FOREIGNER APPLYING FOR OFFICE.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--... It does not accord with the policy of this
+     government to bestow offices, civil or military, upon
+     foreigners, to the exclusion of our own citizens. Yours, &c.,
+
+                                    "G. WASHINGTON."
+
+[Vol. XI., p. 392.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     INSTRUCTIONS OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR TO THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL.
+
+                                    "WAR DEPARTMENT, Feb. 4, 1799.
+
+     "... For the cavalry, for the regulations restrict the
+     recruiting officers to engage none _except natives_ for this
+     corps, and those only as from their known character and
+     fidelity may be trusted."
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig for March, 1856.]
+
+WHO IS MILLARD FILLMORE?
+
+
+A Brief history of the American nominee for the Presidency is this: He
+was born in the year 1800, in Cayuga county, New York, and is now
+fifty-six years of age. His father was then, as he now is, a farmer, in
+moderate circumstances; and now lives in the county of Erie, a short
+distance from Buffalo. The limited means of the family prevented the old
+gentleman from giving his son Millard any other or better education than
+was obtained in the imperfect common schools of that age.
+
+In his sixteenth year, Mr. Fillmore was placed with a merchant tailor
+near his home to learn that business. He remained four years in his
+apprenticeship, during which time he had access to a small library,
+improving the advantages it offered by perusing all the books therein
+contained. Judge Wood, of Cayuga county, pleased with his intellectual
+advancement, urged him to study the profession of the law; and as his
+poverty was the only obstacle in his way, Judge Wood advanced him the
+necessary means, relying upon his making a lawyer, and being able by the
+practice of the profession to refund the money again. With a portion of
+this money young Fillmore bought his unexpired time, which was for the
+winter, and he pursued his legal studies with energy and success, in the
+office of the noble Judge.
+
+In 1822, he removed to Buffalo, where he was admitted to the bar. His
+object in removing to Buffalo was to complete his studies and to obtain
+a license. This accomplished, he removed to Aurora, not far from where
+his parents resided, and there commenced the practice of his profession.
+The confidence of his neighbors in his integrity and abilities was such
+that he found himself in the midst of a lucrative practice at once. In
+1826, he was married to Miss Powers, the daughter of a clergyman in the
+village of Aurora, and this excellent woman lived to see him elected
+Vice-President of the United States.
+
+In 1829, Mr. Fillmore was elected from the county in which he married
+and where his parents lived to the General Assembly of New York, and for
+three years continued a member of this body, distinguishing himself by
+his energy, tact, and wisdom in legislation. Through his energy and
+speeches, _Imprisonment for Debt_ was abolished, and this so increased
+his popularity throughout the State, that it was apparent that he could
+be elected to any office in the gift of the people of that State.
+
+In 1829, he was admitted a counsellor in the Supreme Court of New York,
+and in 1832 he removed to Buffalo, where he settled permanently and
+enlarged his practice as an attorney. In 1832, he was elected a
+representative in the 23d Congress, in which he served with industry and
+credit to himself and his district. At the end of his term he renewed
+the practice of the law, of choice, but, in 1836, was prevailed on to
+again serve his district in Congress; and in the celebrated New Jersey
+contested elections, distinguished himself. He was chosen to the next
+Congress by the largest majority ever given to any man in the district;
+and as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, acquired a
+reputation that any man might be proud of.
+
+At the close of the 27th Congress, his friends were anxious for his
+continuance in public life, but he declined. And in his address to his
+constituents, dated at Washington, July 11th, 1842, he says:
+
+     "Pardon the personal vanity, though it be a weakness, that
+     induces me to recur for a moment to the cherished recollections
+     of your early friendship and abiding confidence. I cannot give
+     vent to the feelings of my heart without it. It is now nearly
+     fourteen years since you did me the unsolicited honor to
+     nominate me to represent you in the State Legislature. Seven
+     times have I received renewed evidence of your confidence by as
+     many elections, and, at the expiration of my present term, I
+     shall have served you three years in the State and eight years
+     in the National Councils. I cannot recall the thousand acts of
+     generous devotion from so many friends, without feeling the
+     deepest emotions of gratitude. I came among you a poor and
+     friendless boy. You kindly took me by the hand and gave me your
+     confidence and support. You have conferred upon me distinction
+     and honors, for which I could make no adequate return, but by
+     honest and untiring effort faithfully to discharge the high
+     trust which you confided to my keeping. If my humble efforts
+     have met your approbation, I freely admit, next to the approval
+     of my own conscience, it is the highest reward which I could
+     receive for days of unceasing toil and nights of sleepless
+     anxiety. I profess not to be above or below the common
+     frailties of our nature. I will therefore not disguise the
+     fact, that I was highly gratified at my first election to
+     Congress; yet I can truly say that my utmost ambition has been
+     gratified. I aspire to nothing more, and shall retire from the
+     exciting scenes of political strife to the quiet employments of
+     my family and fireside, with still more satisfaction than I
+     felt when first elevated to distinguished station."
+
+During this same year he returned to the practice of his profession,
+and, in 1844, the Whig State Convention of New York put him in
+nomination for the office of Governor, in opposition to Silas Wright.
+This was the only conflict in which he ever suffered defeat, and the
+race was close. In 1847, without seeking or desiring the highly
+responsible office, he was elected Comptroller of the Finances of the
+State, and removed to Albany, where he discharged the duties of the
+office with great credit to himself and usefulness to the State,
+resigning the office in February, 1849, to enter upon the duties of the
+office of Vice-President, to which he had been called by the election in
+1848. Gen. Taylor dying, he became President, and every patriot in the
+land remembers and admires the history of his administration. Gen. Cass
+and other distinguished Democrats said his career had been one of
+genuine patriotism, honor, and usefulness; and Gov. Wise, upon the stump
+in Virginia, characterized it as "Washington-like;" while the Democratic
+papers and orators, from Maine to California, declared that he ought to
+have been nominated in lieu of Gen. Scott, because he was one of the
+best men in America.
+
+He is now in Europe, familiarizing himself with the workings of the
+despotic governments of that country. Before leaving, almost one year
+ago, he told his friends, in answer to questions relating to the
+presidency, not to start any newspapers for his benefit--not to publish
+any documents--not to make any speeches, or even electioneer--and added,
+that if the American people nominated him, of their own free will and
+accord, he would accept their nomination, and if elected, he would serve
+them to the best of his abilities. His nomination, therefore, under the
+circumstances, is a great honor, and shows the implicit confidence the
+real people have in the integrity, patriotism, and qualifications of the
+man. That he will go into the presidential chair almost by acclamation,
+we have not the shadow of doubt.
+
+As to Mr. Fillmore's chances, we consider them excellent, and growing
+brighter every day. The indications are now very clear that he will
+obtain a _plurality_, if not a _majority_ vote, in most of the Northern
+States; and under the most unfavorable circumstances, he will be sure to
+divide the electoral vote of the South, so as to carry more States than
+MR. BUCHANAN. Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Alabama, are
+the only four States we concede to the Cincinnati nominee and _one_ of
+these, we confidently expect to carry. Georgia and Arkansas we set down
+as doubtful, and we contend that Buchanan can't get either of them
+without a severe struggle.
+
+We then make this estimate, and claim as certain for FILLMORE and
+DONELSON the following States, viz.:
+
+     Massachusetts   13
+     Rhode Island     4
+     New York        35
+     New Jersey       7
+     Pennsylvania    27
+     Maryland         8
+     Kentucky        12
+     Tennessee       12
+     North Carolina  10
+     Louisiana        6
+     Missouri         9
+     California       4
+     Delaware         3
+     Florida          3
+
+This makes a total of 157--_eleven,_ more than is necessary to an
+election. This is not an extravagant, but a very fair estimate. The
+friends of the American ticket have a right to feel encouraged. With
+proper exertions our ticket will carry. Let every American consider
+himself a sentinel upon the watch-tower--let every friend of the party
+do his duty, and the result will not be doubtful. And let all who
+believe that "Americans ought to rule America," take courage--"the skies
+are bright and brightening."
+
+As it regards MR. FILLMORE'S Americanism, _that_ is settled--he has been
+a Protestant American _fifteen years in advance_ of the party, as it now
+exists. The Hon. J. T. HEADLEY, Secretary of State of New York,
+delivered a speech at the Capital of his State, March 7th, 1856, in
+which he spoke of Mr. Fillmore in the following language:
+
+     "Now, in the first place, he was an American years before those
+     who denounce him ever thought of Americanism. The Police
+     constable of Newburg elected last year on the American ticket,
+     told me, that years ago, when that well-known conflict occurred
+     between the citizens of Buffalo and the foreign population,
+     that a combination was formed called the "_American League_."
+     The members of this League entered into _a solemn compact to
+     stand together and fight together for the rights of Americans_.
+     This constable was at the time an humble mechanic in Buffalo,
+     and he said that _he constantly met Mr. Fillmore (who was a
+     member of that League with him) at the Council Room_. Thus you
+     see that those who would arrogate to themselves the title of
+     Americans, and yet carp at Mr. Fillmore as wanting in American
+     sentiment, are really recent volunteers compared with him. Mr.
+     Fillmore carried his American principles still farther and
+     became (so an officer in the same order informs me) _a member
+     of the United Americans_. He has always been a true American,
+     _he is now, and ever will be_, and is worthy to move at the
+     head of the glorious column over which floats the flag bearing
+     the inscription, 'Americans shall rule America.'"
+
+After the defeat of MR. CLAY, in 1844, MR. FILLMORE addressed him this
+noble _American_ letter:
+
+                                    "BUFFALO, Nov. 14, 1844.
+
+     "MY DEAR SIR:--I have thought for three or four days that I
+     would write to you, but really I am unmanned. I have no courage
+     or resolution. All is gone. The last hope, which hung first
+     upon the city of New York, and then upon Virginia, is finally
+     dissipated, and I see nothing but despair depicted upon every
+     countenance.
+
+     "For myself, I have no regrets. I was nominated for Governor
+     much against my will, and though not insensible to the pride of
+     success, yet I feel a kind of relief at being defeated. But not
+     so for you or the nation. Every consideration of justice, every
+     feeling of gratitude conspired in the minds of honest men to
+     insure your election, and though always doubtful of my own
+     success, I could never doubt yours, till the painful conviction
+     was forced upon me.
+
+     "The Abolitionists and _Foreign Catholics have defeated us in
+     this State_. I will not trust myself to speak of the vile
+     hypocrisy of the leading Abolitionists now. Doubtless many
+     acted honestly and ignorantly in what they did. But it is clear
+     that Birney and his associates sold themselves to Locofocoism,
+     and they will doubtless receive their reward.
+
+     "_Our opponents, by pointing to the Native Americans and to Mr.
+     Frelinghuysen, drove the Foreign Catholics from us and defeated
+     us in this State._
+
+     "But it is vain to look at the causes by which this infamous
+     result has been produced. It is enough to say that all is gone.
+     I must confess that nothing has happened to shake my confidence
+     in our ability to sustain a free government so much as this.
+
+                                    "MILLARD FILLMORE."
+
+But here is one other letter, written to ISAAC NEWTON, just before MR.
+FILLMORE left the United States for Europe. A more patriotic letter,
+breathing more of the genuine American spirit, we have never met with:
+
+                                    "BUFFALO, N. Y., Jan. 3, 1855.
+
+     "RESPECTED FRIEND ISAAC NEWTON:--It would give me great
+     pleasure to accept your kind invitation to visit Philadelphia,
+     if it were possible to make my visit private, and limit it to a
+     few personal friends whom I should be most happy to see; but I
+     know that this would be out of my power, and I am therefore
+     reluctantly compelled to decline your invitation, as I have
+     done others to New York and Boston, for the same reason.
+
+     "I return you many thanks for your information on the subject
+     of politics. I am always happy to hear what is going forward,
+     but, independent of the fact that I feel myself withdrawn from
+     the political arena, I have been too much depressed in spirit
+     to take an active part in the late elections. I contented
+     myself with giving a silent vote for Mr. Ullman, for Governor.
+
+     "While, however, I am an inactive observer of public events, I
+     am by no means an indifferent one, and I may say to you in the
+     frankness of private friendship, that I have for a long time
+     looked with dread and apprehension at the corrupting influence
+     which the contest for the foreign vote is exerting upon our
+     elections. This seems to result from its being banded together,
+     and subject to the control of a few interested and selfish
+     leaders. Hence it has been a subject of bargain and sale, and
+     each of the great political parties of the country have been
+     bidding to obtain it, and, as usual in all such contests, the
+     party which is most corrupt is most successful. The consequence
+     is, that it is fast demoralizing the whole country; corrupting
+     the very fountains of political power; and converting the
+     ballot-box--that great palladium of our liberty--into an
+     unmeaning mockery, where the rights of native-born citizens are
+     voted away by those who blindly follow their mercenary and
+     selfish leaders. The evidence of this is found not merely in
+     the shameless chaffering for the foreign vote at every
+     election, but in the large disproportion of offices which are
+     now held by foreigners at home and abroad, as compared with our
+     native citizens. Where is the true-hearted American whose cheek
+     does not tingle with shame and mortification to see our highest
+     and most coveted foreign missions filled by men of foreign
+     birth to the exclusion of native-born? Such appointments are a
+     humiliating confession to the crowned heads of Europe that a
+     Republican soil does not produce sufficient talent to represent
+     a Republican nation at a monarchical court. I confess that it
+     seems to me--with all due respect to others--that, as a general
+     rule, our country should be governed by American-born citizens.
+     Let us give to the oppressed of every country an asylum and a
+     home in our happy land, give to all the benefits of equal laws,
+     and equal protection; but let us at the same time cherish, as
+     the apple of our eye, the great principles of constitutional
+     liberty, which few who have not had the good fortune to be
+     reared in a free country know how to appreciate and still less
+     how to preserve.
+
+     "Washington, in that inestimable legacy which he left to his
+     country--his farewell address--has wisely warned us to beware
+     of foreign influence as the most baneful foe of a republican
+     government. He saw it to be sure in a different light from that
+     in which it now presents itself; but he knew it would approach
+     us in all forms, and hence he cautioned us against the
+     _insidious wiles of its influence_. Therefore, as well for our
+     own sakes, to whom this invaluable inheritance of
+     self-government has been left by our forefathers, as for the
+     sake of unborn millions who are to inherit this land--foreign
+     and native--let us take warning of the Father of his Country,
+     and do what we can justly to preserve our institutions from
+     corruption and our country from dishonor, but let this be done
+     by the people themselves in their sovereign capacity by making
+     a proper discrimination in the selection of officers, and not
+     by depriving any individual--native or foreign-born--of any
+     constitutional or legal right to which he is entitled.
+
+     "These are my sentiments in brief; and although I have
+     sometimes almost despaired of my country when I have witnessed
+     the rapid strides of corruption, yet I think I perceive a gleam
+     of hope in the future, and I now feel confident, that when the
+     great mass of intelligence in this enlightened country is once
+     fully aroused, and the danger manifested, it will fearlessly
+     apply the remedy, and bring back the government to the pure
+     days of Washington's administration. Finally, let us adopt the
+     old Roman motto, '_Never despair of the Republic._' Let us do
+     our duty, and trust in that Providence which has so signally
+     watched over and preserved us for the result. But I have said
+     more than I intended, and much more than I should have said to
+     any one but a trusted friend, as I have no desire to mingle in
+     political strife.
+
+     "Remember me kindly to your family, and believe me truly your
+     friend,
+
+                                    "MILLARD FILLMORE."
+
+In March, 1851, LEWIS CASS, than whom there is not a more devoted
+partisan in the Democratic ranks, delivered a speech on the floor of the
+United States Senate, in the course of which he paid the following just
+compliment to Mr. Fillmore's integrity, and to his efficiency in
+"_pacifying the country_," while he was President. We quote from the
+Congressional Globe, and hold it up as a withering rebuke to those
+"lesser lights" of Democracy, who are now defaming this pure and
+patriotic statesman:
+
+     "The Administration has placed itself high in the great work of
+     _pacifying the country_, and they received the meed of
+     approbation from political friends and political foes. _I
+     partake of the same sentiment._ I do them justice. But I am a
+     Democrat, and, God willing, I mean to die one. This is a Whig
+     administration, but there is no reason I should not do them
+     justice; and I do it with pleasure, in this great matter of
+     _the salvation of this country_--if I may say so. I have done
+     so; shall continue to do so, whatever sneers their papers may
+     contain; for I do it not for their sake, but _for the sake of
+     their country_."
+
+The _Democratic Review_--the highest Democratic authority in the United
+States--for December, 1855, commenting upon the Compromise Measures of
+1850, thus spoke of Mr. Fillmore, in a moment of candor, long before Mr.
+Fillmore was nominated by the American party for the Presidency:
+
+     "Momentous events were transpiring. The agitation of the
+     question of slavery was paramount in the public mind. In this
+     crisis, it was well that so reliable a man as Mr. Fillmore was
+     found in the Presidential chair. The safety and perpetuity of
+     the Union were threatened. Already had fanaticism raised its
+     hydra-head. Schemes and 'isms' leaped from a thousand
+     ambuscades. The enemies of the Union started forth on every
+     side--Abolitionism here; secessionism there; acquisition and
+     filibusterism elsewhere. These were the formidable elements of
+     misrule with which the Executive had to cope. How well he met,
+     and how entirely he for the time overcame these enemies of the
+     peace of the republic, we leave the historian to relate; but
+     our retrospect would be incomplete and disingenuous, did we not
+     accord the meed of praise justly due to high moral excellence
+     and intellectual and administrative honesty and talent, as
+     developed in the administration of Mr. Fillmore."
+
+Since the foregoing was prepared for the press, Mr. Fillmore's letter of
+acceptance has come to hand, greatly to the annoyance of the Democratic
+and anti-American fuglemen and politicians. We congratulate the country
+upon the patriotic, national, and _truly American_ spirit which pervades
+this chaste and well-written document. It is just what we expected from
+_one of the very first men in the Nation_. His reference to his past
+course as a guaranty for the future is well-timed. _Sectional_
+legislation he is opposed to; and sectional agitation he will use his
+influence to suppress. We ask every man into whose hands this work shall
+fall, to read this admirable letter for himself: it is worthy of the man
+and the times; nay, it is the letter of a patriot and a statesman--
+
+    "Who for his country feels alone,
+    And loves her weal, beyond his own."
+
+     [COPY.]
+
+                                    PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 26th, 1856.
+
+     _To the Hon. Millard Fillmore_:
+
+     SIR:--The National Convention of the American party, which has
+     just closed its session in this city, has unanimously chosen
+     you as the candidate for the Presidency of the United States in
+     the election to be held in November next. It has associated
+     with you Andrew Jackson Donelson, Esq., of Tennessee, as the
+     candidate for the Vice-Presidency.
+
+     The Convention has charged the undersigned with the agreeable
+     duty of communicating these proceedings to you, and of asking
+     your acceptance of a nomination which will receive not only the
+     cordial support of the great national party in whose name it is
+     made, but the approbation also of large numbers of other
+     enlightened friends of the Constitution and the Union, who will
+     rejoice in the opportunity to testify their grateful
+     appreciation of your faithful service in the past, and their
+     confidence in your experience and integrity for the guidance of
+     the future.
+
+     The undersigned take advantage of this occasion to tender to
+     you the expression of their own gratification in the
+     proceedings of the Convention, and to assure you of the high
+     consideration with which they are yours, &c.
+
+                                    ALEXANDER H. H. STUART,
+                                    ANDREW STEWART,
+                                    ERASTUS BROOKS,
+                                    E. B. BARTLETT,
+                                    WM. J. EAMES,
+                                    EPHRAIM MARSH.
+
+                                    _Committee, &c._
+
+                                    PARIS, May 21st, 1856.
+
+     GENTLEMEN:--I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your
+     letter informing me that the National Convention of the
+     American party, which had just closed its session at
+     Philadelphia, had unanimously presented my name for the
+     Presidency of the United States, and associated with it that of
+     Andrew Jackson Donelson for the Vice-Presidency. This
+     unexpected communication met me at Venice on my return from
+     Italy, and the duplicate, mailed thirteen days later, was
+     received on my arrival in this city last evening. This must
+     account for my apparent neglect in giving a more prompt reply.
+
+     You will pardon me for saying that when my administration
+     closed in 1853, I considered my political life as a public man
+     at an end, and thenceforth I was only anxious to discharge my
+     duty as a private citizen. Hence I have taken no active part in
+     politics. But I have by no means been an indifferent spectator
+     of passing events; nor have I hesitated to express my opinion
+     on all political subjects when asked; nor to give my vote and
+     private influence for those men and measures I thought best
+     calculated to promote the prosperity and glory of our common
+     country. Beyond this I deemed it improper for me to interfere.
+     But this unsolicited and unexpected nomination has imposed upon
+     me a new duty, from which I cannot shrink; and therefore,
+     approving, as I do, of the general objects of the party which
+     has honored me with its confidence, I cheerfully accept its
+     nomination, without waiting to inquire of its prospects of
+     success or defeat. It is sufficient for me to know that by so
+     doing I yield to the wishes of a large portion of my
+     fellow-citizens in every part of the Union, who, like myself,
+     are sincerely anxious to see the administration of our
+     government restored to that original simplicity and purity
+     which marked the first years of its existence; and, if
+     possible, to quiet that alarming sectional agitation, which,
+     while it delights the Monarchists of Europe, causes every true
+     friend of our own country to mourn.
+
+     Having the experience of past service in the administration of
+     the Government, I may be permitted to refer to that as the
+     exponent of the future, and to say, should the choice of the
+     Convention be sanctioned by the people, I shall, with the same
+     scrupulous regard for the rights of every section of the Union
+     which then influenced my conduct, endeavor to perform every
+     duty confided by the Constitution and laws to the Executive.
+
+     As the proceedings of this Convention have marked a new era in
+     the history of the country, by bringing a new political
+     organization into the approaching Presidential canvass, I take
+     the occasion to reaffirm my full confidence in the patriotic
+     purposes of that organization, which I regard as springing out
+     of a public necessity, forced upon the country, to a large
+     extent, by unfortunate sectional divisions, and the dangerous
+     tendency of those divisions towards disunion. It alone, in my
+     opinion, of all the political agencies now existing, is
+     possessed of the power to silence this violent and disastrous
+     agitation, and to restore harmony by its own example of
+     moderation and forbearance. It has a claim, therefore, in my
+     judgment, upon every earnest friend of the integrity of the
+     Union.
+
+     So estimating this party, both in its present position and
+     future destiny, I freely adopt its great leading principles as
+     announced in the recent declaration of the National Council at
+     Philadelphia, a copy of which you were so kind as to enclose
+     me, holding them to be just and liberal to every true interest
+     of the country, and wisely adapted to the establishment and
+     support of an enlightened, safe, and effective American policy,
+     in full accord with the ideas and the hopes of the fathers of
+     our Republic.
+
+     I expect shortly to sail for America; and, with the blessings
+     of Divine Providence, hope soon to tread my native soil. My
+     opportunity of comparing my own country and the condition of
+     its people with those of Europe, has only served to increase my
+     admiration and love for our own blessed land of liberty, and I
+     shall return to it without even a desire ever to cross the
+     Atlantic again.
+
+     I beg of you, gentlemen, to accept my thanks for the very
+     flattering manner in which you have been pleased to communicate
+     the results of the action of that enlightened and patriotic
+     body of men who composed the late Convention, and to be assured
+     that
+
+     I am, with profound respect and esteem,
+
+     Your friend and fellow-citizen,
+
+                                    MILLARD FILLMORE.
+
+     Messrs. Alex. H. H. Stuart, Andrew Stewart, Erastus Brooks, E.
+     B. Bartlett, Wm. J. Eames, Ephraim Marsh, _Committee_.
+
+
+
+
+WHO IS ANDREW J. DONELSON?
+
+
+This gentleman being now the nominee of the American party for the
+office of Vice-President, naturally attracts much of public attention;
+and as a matter to be looked for, and not at all to be regretted, draws
+down upon him great abuse and slander from the hireling editors of the
+corrupt party opposing him. We will let a neighbor of Major Donelson,
+who has had access to his papers, and who has prepared and published in
+the _Nashville Banner_ a sketch of his life, answer the question
+propounded at the head of this chapter:
+
+     "MR. DONELSON is the second son of Samuel Donelson, deceased,
+     who was the brother of the late Mrs. Jackson. His eldest
+     brother died in 1817, soon after the Creek War, in which he
+     participated as a soldier under General Jackson. His death was
+     announced to Mr. Donelson by General Jackson in the following
+     terms: 'Whilst we regret his loss, he has left us the endearing
+     recollection that there was not a stain upon his character. He
+     has performed his duty here below, and has taken his flight to
+     realms above, as unspotted as an angel. What a lesson he has
+     given us! How delightful to dwell upon the idea that he has
+     walked in the paths of virtue during his whole life, without a
+     blemish on his character, and that all his friends may recount
+     his acts with pride and pleasure!' The younger brother is still
+     living in the paternal mansion, and was a member of the last
+     Legislature of Tennessee. The mother of these children
+     afterwards married Mr. James Sanders, of Sumner county,
+     Tennessee, and is still enjoying good health. She is the only
+     daughter of Gen. Daniel Smith, who was one of the surveyors of
+     the line between Virginia and North Carolina, and succeeded
+     Gen. Jackson in the Senate of the United States.
+
+     "General Smith had an important agency in shaping the early
+     history of Tennessee--having represented a portion of the
+     people in the North Carolina Legislature, and in the Convention
+     which ratified the Constitution of the United States. He was
+     also Secretary of the Territory, and a member of the Convention
+     of 1796. He was a native of Virginia, and emigrated to
+     Tennessee soon after he had surveyed the line between that
+     State and North Carolina, having, while in the execution of
+     that service, seen the fine lands in Middle Tennessee. He
+     settled the lands upon which his grandson, Henry Smith, now
+     resides; and built the mansion, which is still there, at a
+     period when the men engaged in quarrying the rock had to be
+     guarded from the attacks of the Indians.
+
+     "The father of Samuel Donelson, Col. John Donelson, was also a
+     native of Virginia, and at onetime a Representative of one of
+     her oldest counties, Pittsylvania, in the House of Burgesses.
+     He possessed in an eminent degree the respect of the Provincial
+     Governor of that Commonwealth, from whom he received the
+     appointment of Indian Commissioner about the year 1770; and it
+     is to his bold and enterprising spirit that we are in a great
+     measure indebted for the Indian Treaties which extended the
+     settlements of Virginia through Kentucky to the Ohio river. He
+     left Port Patrick Henry in 1779, descending the Tennessee river
+     with all his family, in boats built on the Holston, and came up
+     the Cumberland in those boats as high as the Clover Bottom,
+     encountering incredible toils and dangers. Three years
+     afterwards, in 1793, in conjunction with Col. Martin, he
+     concluded an Indian Treaty, by which the settlements on the
+     Cumberland river were greatly benefited; but he had, previously
+     to his departure from Virginia, under a contract with Georgia,
+     explored the country, and run the line between that State and
+     North Carolina, as far west as the Mississippi river. After
+     settling his family near the present site of the Hermitage, he
+     was killed by the Indians, on a journey to Kentucky, near the
+     Big Barren River, at the advanced age of 75.
+
+     "Samuel Donelson was a lawyer by profession, and the intimate
+     friend and associate of Gen. Jackson, after whom he named his
+     son Andrew, who was born on the 25th of August, 1800. On the
+     second marriage of his mother, this son was taken into the
+     family of the General, who became his guardian and patron; and
+     he remained the most of his time with him until he was prepared
+     to enter the Cumberland College. After finishing his studies at
+     this school, Gen. Jackson obtained for him a Cadet's warrant,
+     which enabled him to enter the Military Academy at West Point,
+     in 1816. He was one of the first class which was graduated
+     under the superintendence of Col. Thayer--finishing the course
+     of studies in three, instead of four years; as is customary.
+     Throughout his service at West Point, he was distinguished for
+     his proficiency in mathematics, and for the facility with which
+     he mastered all the studies which appertain to military
+     science. No higher proof need be adduced of this fact, than the
+     position assigned to him by the Board of Examiners and
+     Visitors, when he graduated. He was placed No. 2, in a class of
+     great merit, notwithstanding he had the studies of two years to
+     pass through in one year, and was recommended to the Department
+     of War for a commission in the Engineer Corps--a compliment
+     accorded only to the most distinguished of the class.
+
+     "After obtaining his commission, Mr. Donelson was ordered to
+     the Western frontier to build a fort; but before he reached
+     this destination, the War Department, on the application of
+     Gen. Jackson, allowed him to accept the appointment of
+     Aide-de-camp in the staff of the General. In this capacity he
+     attended the General when he took possession of the Floridas,
+     and remained with him until the latter resigned his commission
+     in the army.
+
+     "At this period, Mr. Donelson seeing no prospect for rapid
+     promotion in the corps of Engineers, and sharing the conviction
+     then so prevalent in the army, that the conclusion of the war
+     with England had shut the door for a long time to come against
+     those military enterprises which are so tempting to the officer
+     and soldier, and feeling also that he could be more useful in
+     the pursuits of civil life, turned his attention to the study
+     of law. He accordingly resigned his commission; and after
+     attending the course of law lectures in the Transylvania
+     University, then under the presidency of Dr. Holly, he received
+     his license, and appeared at the Nashville bar in 1823, having
+     formed a partnership with Mr. Duncan. Circumstances, however,
+     soon occurred, which withdrew him in a great degree from the
+     practice. General Jackson was again in the field as a candidate
+     for the Presidency, and needed the services of a confidential
+     friend to aid him in repelling the bitter assaults which were
+     made upon his character and services. Animated by a deep sense
+     of gratitude, no duty could be more pleasing to Mr. Donelson
+     than that of contributing his labor to advance the great
+     popular movement which aimed, by the elevation of his
+     benefactor and friend, to promote the highest interests of the
+     country. He therefore cheerfully entered again into the
+     General's family, and travelled with him to Washington City
+     after the elections in 1824. Those elections devolved the
+     choice of President upon the House of Representatives. Mr.
+     Adams was the successful candidate, although Gen. Jackson had a
+     much larger popular vote, and was evidently the favorite of the
+     people.
+
+     "As is well known to the country, the result of that election
+     gave increased force to the sentiment which had placed Gen.
+     Jackson in nomination. The efforts of his friends throughout
+     the Union became more active, and were never abated until the
+     decision of the House of Representatives in 1824 was reversed,
+     and Gen. Jackson placed in the Presidential chair. During these
+     four years, Mr. Donelson, who had married in 1824, settled upon
+     his plantation adjoining the Hermitage, and continued there to
+     promote the cause he had espoused so warmly in the beginning.
+
+     "When the elections of 1828 were over, Gen. Jackson insisted
+     upon the acceptance by Mr. Donelson of the post of private
+     Secretary. Mr. D. accordingly set out with him in the winter of
+     1828 for the city of Washington, taking with him his wife, whom
+     he had married in 1824. This lady was the youngest daughter of
+     Capt. John Donelson, and was invited by Gen. Jackson to do the
+     honors of the White House--a position which she held throughout
+     the greater portion of his Presidency.
+
+     "It was in this capacity that Mr. Donelson endeared himself
+     still more than ever to the Hero of the Hermitage. He spent the
+     prime of his life, from 1828 to 1836, in his service, and he
+     felt himself amply rewarded by the knowledge he thus acquired
+     of public men and measures.
+
+     "At the close of Gen. Jackson's Presidency, Mr. Donelson
+     declined to take office under Mr. Van Buren, being anxious for
+     a respite from public affairs, and to enjoy the pleasures of
+     his farm; upon which he remained until he was called
+     unexpectedly to take a part in the negotiation which brought
+     Texas into our Union. It was upon this theatre that he
+     displayed the judgment and tact which brought him prominently
+     before the country as a man that understood the public
+     interests, and knew how to take care of them.
+
+     "The commission appointing Mr. Donelson Minister to Texas is
+     dated the 16th of September, 1844. Mr. Calhoun, then Secretary
+     of State, in the letter enclosing the commission, says:
+
+     "'The state of things in Texas is such as to require that the
+     place (Charge d'Affaires) should be filled without delay, and
+     to select him who, under all circumstances, may be thought best
+     calculated to bring to a successful decision the great question
+     of annexation pending before the two countries. After full
+     deliberation, you have been selected as that individual; and I
+     do trust, my dear sir, that you will not decline the
+     appointment, however great may be the personal sacrifice of
+     accepting. That great question must be decided in the next
+     three or four months; and whether it shall be favorable or not,
+     will depend on him who shall fill the mission now tendered you.
+     I need not tell you how much depends on its decision for weal
+     or woe to our country, and perhaps the whole continent. It is
+     sufficient to say that, viewed in all its consequences, it is
+     one of the first magnitude; and that it gives an importance to
+     the mission at this time, that raises it to the level with the
+     highest in the gift of the Government.
+
+     "Assuming, therefore, that you will not decline the
+     appointment, unless some insuperable difficulty should
+     interpose, and in order to avoid delay, a commission is
+     herewith transmitted, without the formality of waiting your
+     acceptance, with all the necessary papers.'"
+
+President Polk, after this, confided an important and most critical
+foreign negotiation to Major Donelson; and his estimate of the prudence,
+discretion, and ability with which Major Donelson discharged his trust,
+appears from a letter to Major D. from the Hon. John Y. Mason,
+President Polk's Secretary of War, dated August 7th, 1845. From that
+letter, complimentary from beginning to end, we copy only this portion:
+
+     "The services which you have rendered your country in the
+     delicate negotiations intrusted to you, are justly appreciated.
+     _Your prudence, discretion, and ability have inspired the
+     President with a confidence which would make him feel much more
+     at ease if that delicate task could be in your hands._
+
+     "It gives me great pleasure to assure you that _the publication
+     of your official correspondence will give you a most enviable
+     reputation for the highest qualities of a statesman and
+     diplomatist_.
+
+     "The President unites in the kindest regards, with your friend,
+
+                                    "J. Y. MASON."
+
+PRESIDENT PIERCE'S opinion of Major Donelson may be learned from the
+following letter, written by him to the Major when the latter was the
+editor of the _Washington Union_, the National Organ of the Democratic
+party:
+
+                                    "CONCORD, May 30, 1851.
+
+     "MY DEAR SIR: I rejoice that the leading organ of our party is
+     now under your control, and regard the change as most
+     auspicious at this juncture. There is a great battle before
+     us--a battle for the Union--a battle for the ascendency of the
+     principles, the maintenance of which so nobly signalized the
+     administration of General Jackson. THE TONE, VIGOR, AND
+     STATESMANLIKE GRASP _which you have brought to the columns of
+     the Union are not merely important, they are_ ABSOLUTELY
+     INDISPENSABLE _in this crisis_.
+
+     "With great respect, your friend and servant,
+
+                                    "FRANK. PIERCE."
+
+The following article is from the _Nashville Union_, of October 15,
+1844, the Tennessee Organ of Democracy, published within a few miles of
+where Major Donelson lives, and has passed most of his life. This
+article shows what opinion was entertained of him before he became a
+_Know-Nothing_:
+
+     "The diplomatic agency of this government in Texas is, at this
+     moment, the most important mission abroad; although it ranks
+     with those of the second class, its high and important duties
+     require the talents of one every way qualified for the first
+     foreign mission on the globe.
+
+     "_We congratulate the administration on having been able to
+     secure the services of one so eminently qualified in all
+     respects for the station, whose thorough knowledge of the
+     relations subsisting between the two countries, and whose
+     intimate acquaintance with the prominent statesmen of this and
+     that government, will place him in the enjoyment of advantages
+     which cannot fail to secure to us the most desirable results._
+
+     "Major Donelson leaves his plantation near the Hermitage
+     to-day--proceeding overland to the Mississippi river on his way
+     to the Texan Capital--and we cannot but participate in the
+     painful emotions with which the word 'farewell' will be
+     exchanged between himself and his venerable patron, friend, and
+     relative, 'The Sage of the Hermitage.'
+
+     "In view of the advanced age of General Jackson, it is more
+     than probable that they may never meet again. A relationship
+     next to that of father and son, if, indeed, it be not equally
+     near and dear, will be severed perhaps for ever. And we feel
+     assured that nothing short of a sense of DUTY TO HIS COUNTRY
+     could have induced an acceptance of the mission. Nor, for this
+     patriotic reason, would the aged veteran advise him to decline
+     it.
+
+     "Major D. leaves a host of good and true friends, who will
+     continue to have an abiding solicitude for his health and
+     happiness, and for his early and complete success in 'extending
+     the area of freedom.'"
+
+Mr. Clayton, Secretary of State under Gen. Taylor, wrote to Major
+Donelson, announcing the expiration of the diplomatic relations between
+the United States and Germany, (where the Major was stationed,) and
+closed with the following complimentary expressions:
+
+     "I am directed by the President to express to you his entire
+     approbation of your conduct, and I cannot take leave of you in
+     your public character without adding my testimony to that of
+     the President to the ability and faithfulness with which you
+     have discharged the arduous and delicate duties which your
+     mission imposed upon you.
+
+                                    "JOHN M. CLAYTON."
+
+The Democratic party having always boasted that Gen. Jackson was
+unsurpassed in his keen and unerring insight into the characters of men,
+we must be permitted to call their attention to a clause in the _Last
+Will and Testament_ of Gen. Jackson, as recorded in the county of
+Davidson. This clause sets forth the estimate placed upon Mr. Donelson
+by the old General, after this fashion:
+
+                                    "HERMITAGE, June 7, 1843.
+
+     ... "I bequeath to my well-beloved nephew, Andrew J. Donelson,
+     son of Samuel Donelson, deceased, the elegant sword presented
+     to me by the State of Tennessee, with this injunction, that he
+     fail not to use it when necessary in support and protection of
+     our glorious Union, and for the protection of the
+     constitutional rights of our beloved country, should they be
+     assailed by foreign enemies or _domestic traitors_. This, from
+     the great change in my worldly affairs of late, is, with my
+     blessing, all that I can bequeath him, doing justice to those
+     creditors to whom I am responsible. This bequest is made as a
+     memento of the high regard, affection, and esteem I bear for
+     him as a _high-minded, honest, and honorable man_."
+
+And now, to show that Gen. Jackson had not changed his opinion of the
+Major, we give about the last epistle he ever wrote to him, as it bears
+date but a few days previous to his death:
+
+                                    "HERMITAGE, May 24, 1845.
+
+     "MY DEAR ANDREW: I received last night your affectionate letter
+     of the 15th inst., with the enclosed for your dear Elizabeth,
+     which I sent forthwith, and your kind letter of the 13th this
+     morning. Your family were here yesterday. All well, but looking
+     out for you hourly. I assured Elizabeth that you could not
+     leave your mission before the Texan Congress acted upon the
+     subject with which you were charged. I shall admonish her to be
+     patient and await your return, which will be the moment your
+     honor and duty will permit.
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "My dear Andrew:--What may be my fate God only knows. I am
+     greatly afflicted--suffer much, and it will be almost a miracle
+     if I shall survive my present attack. I am swollen from the
+     toes to the crown of the head, and in bandages to my hips.
+
+     "How far my God may think proper to bear me up under my weight
+     of afflictions, he only knows. But, my dear Major, live or die,
+     you have my blessing and prayers for your welfare and happiness
+     in this world, and that we may meet in a blissful immortality.
+
+                                "Your affectionate uncle,
+
+                                    "ANDREW JACKSON."
+
+While editor of the _Washington Union_, Major Donelson frankly admitted,
+in his account of the election in Tennessee, between Gov. Campbell and
+Gen. Trousdale, that the latter owed his defeat to his opposition to the
+Compromise measures, and his sympathies with the Disunionists. In the
+_Hartford_ Convention held in Nashville, the Major appeared in person,
+and denounced the whole concern as a blow at the Union, and its prime
+movers and advocates as _traitors to their country and to the
+Constitution_. These _Secession_ Democrats, headed by A. V. Brown,
+Eastman & Co., are uncompromising in their hatred of the Major, and they
+never will forgive him, while he remains true to the Union of these
+States, and the Constitution as it is, which will be to the latest hour
+of his earthly existence! Had he never opposed the _treasonable_ designs
+of the Nashville Convention--and had he not advocated the doctrines of
+the American party, these same men would now be loud in his praise, as
+the relative, the political student, and the _successor_ of the Sage of
+the Hermitage!
+
+
+
+
+[From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.]
+
+BUCHANAN NOMINATED AT CINCINNATI.--DISPERSION OF FALSTAFF'S ARMY!
+
+
+The Cincinnati Anti-American, Anti-Protestant, Foreign Catholic,
+Locofoco Pow Wow, has met--transacted its appropriate
+business--nominated old Federal James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, for the
+Presidency, and Robert C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, for the Vice
+Presidency--and dispersed: dealing largely in the old game of _brag_, as
+to the _nationality_, _soundness_, and _ability_ of their ticket; when
+it is notorious, that they have at the head of their ticket one of the
+most vulnerable men in the nation; an old political hack, who has been
+"every thing by turns and nothing long;" advocating and opposing all the
+leading measures which have agitated the country for the last forty
+years, as we shall show in the sequel!
+
+They had an awful time at Cincinnati! They organized by calling to the
+chair, temporarily, the notorious _Sam'l. Medary_, the Abolition editor
+of the Ohio Statesman. Either the anti-slavery forces were in the
+majority, or the "odds and ends" of all parties represented in the
+Convention desired to conciliate the Abolition and Black Republican
+wings of their _Foreign Corporation_!
+
+The Missouri Delegation were refused their seats, and they openly
+rebelled, forcing their way into the Convention with _clubs_, knocking
+down and cruelly mangling the head and shoulders of the poor doorkeeper!
+From this, it would seem that they were doing business with _closed
+doors_! Wonder if they had a _password_! Had they "signs and grips,"
+other than those by which they made themselves known to the
+_doorkeeper_?
+
+Did they carry with them "dark-lanterns?" Not they--they are opposed to
+all _secrecy_--they are opposed to all disorderly conduct--they are the
+"harmonious Democracy," and labor alone for the good of the country, and
+of posterity! What a farce their Cincinnati Convention was! And what
+hypocrites they are!
+
+But two full sets of Delegates appeared from New York, and claimed their
+seats; these were _Hards_ and _Softs_--Pierce and
+_anti_-Pierce--Nebraska and _anti_-Nebraska--pro-Slavery and
+_anti_-Slavery, _Filibustering Foreign Catholic Democrats_! Being
+unable to agree among themselves, and the Convention not wishing to
+_offend_ either of these wings of the "great Harmonious Democratic
+Party," they rejected both delegations! This was having a bad effect, as
+a portion of each delegation was out of doors cursing the majority, and
+making threats as to what they would do. So the Convention reconsidered
+their cases, and ADMITTED BOTH DELEGATIONS TO SEATS. They then
+progressed "harmoniously," much after the style of a rickety old cart on
+a hill-side, drawn by a balky horse, whose driver curses him when at
+fault, and curses him when faultless.
+
+Frequently the scenes of confusion and excitement were alike disgusting
+and alarming. The friends of Douglass, Pierce, and Buchanan, were alike
+bitter, and each disposed to ruin the party if they should fail to get
+their man nominated. The anti-slavery portion of the Convention were
+much incensed against the South for the "_lam-basting_" given to
+_Senator Sumner_ by _Representative Brooks_, for words spoken in debate.
+One of Buchanan's men boasted that the assault of Brooks on Sumner had
+gained _twenty_ votes for "Old Buck!" And others of the Buchanan wing,
+out of doors, were stating that they had reliable evidence that "Old
+Buck" did not approve the assault, while Pierce and Douglass did! We
+have no doubt that this sort of influence, added to Buchanan's _known
+hostility to slavery_, secured for him the nomination. And, as if
+desirous to atone for the sin against the South of nominating an old
+_Anti-Slavery Federalist_, they came into a Southern State, Kentucky,
+and selected a young and inexperienced politician, Mr. Robert C.
+Breckenridge, for the Vice Presidency. As Breckenridge is brave, and has
+challenged his man for a _duel_, they can now turn about and appeal to
+the Church-going folks to sustain their ticket _for what_ they implored
+them to repudiate the Whig ticket in 1844! Besides, Breckenridge
+_approves_ the basting of Sumner by Brooks, and this will _offset_
+Buchanan's opposition to that _Southern Democratic measure_!
+Breckenridge has another virtue, which aided in securing his nomination.
+Though the nephew of those _able Know-Nothing Presbyterian Preachers_ of
+that State, he has the independence to come out in opposition to them,
+and the insulting claims set up by _Protestants generally_, and to
+advocate and defend the Roman Catholics.
+
+The "rich and racy" scenes that came off in the Convention, we will
+leave our several friends from Nashville, who were there as reporters in
+the Convention for the American papers, to set forth. With more truth
+than poetry, the "unterrified Democracy" convened at Cincinnati can say,
+"Our army swore terribly in Flanders!" And how could it have been
+otherwise? The Convention was large--composed of several hundred
+delegates, drawn together from all sections of the country, East, West,
+North, and South--"held together by the cohesive power of public
+plunder"--and representing every variety and shade of opinion known and
+held under the much abused but comprehensive name of Democracy! Nor was
+the moral and personal character of the Convention less mixed and
+many-colored than was its politics.
+
+In looking over the proceedings of this coalition and combination of
+Bogus Democrats, Foreign Pauper Advocates, and anti-Protestant lovers of
+Religious Liberty, we have looked in vain for the names of distinguished
+Tennesseeans, who ought to have been second best, to say the least of
+it, in the ballots for a nomination! It was that Aaron V. Brown, "the
+son of a now sainted father," was put in nomination for the office of
+Vice President, by a Mr. Brown, supposed to be his nephew; but making no
+run at all, he was taken off the track instantly--rubbed down and salted
+away!
+
+But Andrew Johnson, who was to have been nominated for the first office
+within the gift of the American people and no mistake, (!) was not even
+named, and some say he was not even thought of for the position. We had
+supposed that there existed among the leaders of the self-styled
+Democracy, a determination to doom to utter extinction the light that
+has guided the children of Political Reform in Tennessee, and throughout
+the known world, and now we know it! The opposers of intellectual
+emancipation, of "Jacob's Ladder Democracy," so superior to
+Christianity, have triumphed at Cincinnati, and trampled under foot,
+with impunity, the soul-stirring doctrine of "converging lines." The
+next steps with these "enemies of righteousness" will be the rack, the
+gibbet, and a second edition of the infernal inquisition! Will the
+friends of the "White Basis" Governor of Tennessee tamely surrender
+their dearest rights to these Cincinnati _crusaders_, without a single
+struggle? Will they allow the saddle of Federal domination to be quietly
+thrown on their backs? Ye Greene county delegates forbid it!
+
+But Johnson is doomed to an inglorious retirement from public life. He
+can console himself with the reflection, that rank only degrades--wealth
+only impoverishes--ornaments but disfigure him! The man who discovered
+that the Bogus Democracy of the nineteenth century leads fallen sinful
+man to the throne of God, needs no office to elevate him. These Johnson
+Democrats enjoy the pure religion of Democracy--a religion which enters
+the closet--pours forth its supplications in private, feeds the poor,
+clothes the naked--inflames not the prejudices of Protestant sects--is
+modest and unassuming in its demeanor--is charitable and kind to the
+persecuted and pious Catholics--bears with the infirmities of Foreign
+Paupers--is not ambitious and designing, seeking to accomplish vast
+schemes by doubtful means!
+
+While Old Federal Buck was nominated on the seventeenth ballot, after
+much excitement, wrangling and abuse, young Breckenridge, whose only
+merit is his having challenged the Hon. Francis B. Cutting, of New York,
+to fight a duel, two years ago, was nominated on the second ballot. The
+ballot for a candidate for the Vice Presidency resulted as follows:
+
+    John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky,      55
+    John A. Quitman, of Mississippi,        59
+    Linn Boyd, of Kentucky,                 33
+    Benjamin Fitzpatrick, of Alabama,       11
+    Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee,           29
+    Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia,        31
+    Thomas J. Rusk, of Texas,                2
+    Wm  H. Polk, of Tennessee,               5
+    J. C. Dobbin, of North Carolina,        13
+
+A second ballot was entered into, when Hon. John C. Breckenridge, of
+Kentucky, was unanimously chosen.
+
+Tennessee, in voting for a Presidential candidate, voted SIX times for
+Pierce, and EIGHT times for Douglass, and never came over to old Federal
+Buck until they could do nothing for Pierce or Douglass. Buck seems to
+have been a fill for Tennessee! But now, the Tennessee Democracy say:
+
+    "With hounds and horn,
+    At rosy morn,
+    We _Bucks_ a hunting go!"
+
+Well, we Americans will get after Old Buck's venison too, and between
+this and November next, many will be the steak we shall eat out of his
+old Federal carcass. It is venison worthy of the chase, for
+
+    ----"Finer or fatter
+    Ne'er roamed in the forest,
+    Or smoked in a platter."
+
+So--
+
+    "Hi, ho, Chevy,
+    Hark away, hark away, tantivy,
+    Here rests the burthen of my song,
+    This _time_ a stag must die."
+
+But Democracy have commenced their old game of brag, by puffing their
+ticket as a national and conservative ticket, the very thing they
+denied. Now let us look into the soundness and nationality of the HEAD
+of the ticket. We have before us a copy of a work published in 1839, by
+Robert Mayo, M. D., entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight Years in
+Washington, in four parts." This work has gone through various editions,
+having been published by Fielding Lucas, Jr., of Baltimore; Garret
+Anderson, of Washington; J. R. Smith, of Richmond; Carey, Hart & Co., of
+Philadelphia, and by others in New York and Boston. On page 38 of this
+work, which Mr. Buchanan has never contradicted, he is reported to have
+denounced the visions, patronage, and corruptions of the Democratic
+Administrations, while he, Buchanan, was a member of the Old Federal
+Party.
+
+On page 6 of this work, in the preface, the author says, in speaking of
+Buchanan before he turned Democrat:
+
+     "The declarations of some of these new disciples of Democracy
+     in past times are striking enough. MR. BUCHANAN of
+     PENNSYLVANIA, while he acted in his true character, DECLARED
+     THAT IF HE HAD A DROP OF DEMOCRATIC BLOOD IN HIS VEINS, HE
+     WOULD LET IT OUT! He put his royal declaration on paper, and it
+     has risen up against him."
+
+A recent brief memoir of Mr. Buchanan, put forth in Pennsylvania, states
+that he was elected to the Legislature in 1815, where he distinguished
+himself by those exhibitions of intellect which gave promise of future
+eminence. The Lancaster _Register_, published in the immediate vicinity
+of Mr. Buchanan's residence, asks _by whom_ was he elected? and thus
+supplies the record for 1815:
+
+     ASSEMBLY.
+
+     For JAMES BUCHANAN,   Federal    3051
+      "  Molton O. Rogers, Democrat   2502
+
+The memoir sets forth that Mr. Buchanan was elected to Congress in 1820,
+and that he retained his position in that body for ten years,
+voluntarily retiring.
+
+The Lancaster _Register_ inquires if he were elected as a _Democrat_,
+and answers the inquiry by the following historical facts:
+
+     CONGRESS.
+
+     1820--James Buchanan, Federal      4642
+       "   Jacob Hibsman, Democrat      3666
+     1822--James Buchanan, Federal      2153
+       "   Jacob Hibsman, Democrat      1940
+     1824--James Buchanan, Federal      3560
+       "   Samuel Houston, Democrat     3046
+     1826--James Buchanan, Federal      2760
+       "   Dr. John McCamant, Democrat  2307
+     1828--James Buchanan, Jackson      5203
+       "   William Hiester, Adams       3904
+
+The Lancaster _Register_ then pursues its criticism as follows:
+
+     "On the 4th of July, 1815, Mr. Buchanan, when he was a
+     candidate for Assembly on the _Federal ticket_, delivered 'an
+     oration' in Lancaster, in which he showed his _love_ of
+     Federalism and _hatred_ of Democracy, by attacking the
+     Administration of James Madison. He said:
+
+     "'Time will not allow me to enumerate all the other evils and
+     wicked projects of the Democratic administration.'
+
+     "And again, in the same oration, he said:
+
+     "'What must be our opinion of an opposition whose passions were
+     so dark and malignant as to be gratified in endeavoring to
+     blast the character and imbitter the old age of Washington?
+     After thus persecuting the saviour of his country, _how can the
+     Democratic party dare to call themselves his disciples_?'"
+
+And who does not recollect, in Tennessee, with what force and effect
+JAMES C. JONES used to point out JAMES BUCHANAN as one of the _rank old
+Federalists_ who had come over to the Democratic ranks, and was battling
+with _Col. Polk_, side by side, while he was consuming half his time in
+abuse of the Federal party? When the Democratic candidate for Congress
+in this District, JULIUS W. BLACKWELL, charged _Federalism_ upon the
+Whig party, who does not recollect with what effect and spirit JOHN H.
+CROZIER ran over the list of ODIOUS OLD FEDERALISTS, then fighting under
+the Democratic flag, among them naming out JAMES BUCHANAN? And will not
+the files of the KNOXVILLE POST, edited by Capt. JAMES WILLIAMS, show
+how he held up JAMES BUCHANAN and others as an _old Federalist of the
+first water_?
+
+On the subject of _Slavery_ the memoir is not definite, and the
+Lancaster Register comes to its aid by publishing the following
+proceedings of a public meeting held in that city on the 23d of
+November, 1819:
+
+     "WHEREAS, the people of this State, pursuing the maxims and
+     animated by the beneficence of the great founder of
+     Pennsylvania, first gave effect to the gradual abolition of
+     slavery by a national act, which has not only rescued the
+     unhappy and helpless African within their territory from the
+     demoralizing influence of slavery, but ameliorating his state
+     and condition throughout Europe and America; and whereas, it
+     would illy comport with those humane and Christian efforts to
+     be silent spectators when this great cause of humanity is about
+     to be agitated in Congress, by fixing the destiny of the new
+     domains of the United States: therefore,
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the representatives in Congress from this
+     district be and they are hereby most earnestly requested to use
+     their utmost endeavors, as members of the National Legislature,
+     to prevent the existence of slavery in any of the Territories
+     or new States which may be created by Congress.
+
+     "_Resolved_, As the opinion of this meeting, that as the
+     Legislature of this State will shortly be in session, it will
+     be highly deserving of their wisdom and patriotism to take into
+     their early and most serious consideration the propriety of
+     instructing our representatives in the National Legislature to
+     use the most zealous and strenuous exertions to inhibit the
+     existence of slavery in any of the Territories or States which
+     may hereafter be created by Congress; and that the members of
+     Assembly from this county be requested to embrace the earliest
+     opportunity of bringing this subject before both Houses of the
+     Legislature.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That, in the opinion of this meeting, the members
+     of Congress who at the last session sustained the cause of
+     justice, humanity, and patriotism, in opposing the introduction
+     of slavery into the State then endeavored to be formed out of
+     the Missouri Territory, are entitled to the warmest thanks of
+     every friend of humanity.
+
+     "_Resolved_, That the proceedings of this meeting be published
+     in the newspapers in this city.
+
+                                    "JAMES HOPKINS,
+                                    WM. JENKINS,
+                                    JAMES BUCHANAN."
+
+     "The foregoing resolutions being read were unanimously adopted,
+     after which the meeting adjourned. (Signed)
+
+                                    WALTER FRANKLIN, Ch'n.
+
+     "Attest--WM. JENKINS, Sec'y."
+
+The "Perry County Democratic Press," for April 9th, 1856, an able paper
+published at Bloomfield in Pennsylvania, shows up the _Federal
+anti-slavery, anti-Democratic, turn-coat character_ of Mr. Buchanan,
+after this fashion:
+
+
+     JAMES BUCHANAN'S SOMERSETS.
+
+     "No man in the United States has turned his political coat as
+     often as James Buchanan. He has espoused the principles of
+     every party that has had an existence since the memorable
+     Hartford Convention, and has been on all sides of political
+     questions.
+
+     "A brief reference to his history will establish conclusively
+     our assertions."
+
+
+     HIS FEDERALISM.
+
+     "He entered political life in 1814 as a rank Federalist, and by
+     the Federal party he was elected to the Legislature of the
+     State. He was re-elected in 1815, defeating Molton C. Rogers,
+     the Democratic candidate, and afterwards one of the Supreme
+     Judges of the State.
+
+     "In 1820, he was the Federal candidate for Congress, and was
+     elected over Jacob Hibsman, the Democratic candidate, by 976
+     majority. In 1822, he was reelected over the same man by 813
+     majority. In 1824, he was the Federal candidate for Congress,
+     and elected over Samuel Houston, the Democratic candidate, by
+     519 votes. In 1826, he was re-elected over Dr. John McCamant,
+     the Democratic candidate, by 453 votes. His majorities were
+     becoming less each time, and in order to satisfy his Federal
+     friends of his fidelity to the party, he had to declare that
+     'if he had a drop of Democratic blood in his veins, he would
+     open them and let it out.'"
+
+
+     HE BECOMES A DEMOCRAT.
+
+     "Two years after this, he changed his coat and became a
+     full-blooded Democrat, and ran for Congress as the Democratic
+     candidate, and was elected by virtue of General Jackson's
+     popularity. He was afraid to run a second term, and he
+     declined."
+
+
+     HIS TEN CENT SPEECH.
+
+     "In 1843, in the United States Senate, he made a speech
+     advocating the principle that ten cents is a sufficient
+     compensation for a day's labor. Hence he is called 'Ten Cent
+     Jimmy.'
+
+     "In 1845, he became Secretary of State under Polk's
+     administration, and consented to give away about half of the
+     Territory of Oregon to the British government, after he had
+     proven that they had not a spark of title to it.
+
+     "He extolled the Federal administration of John Adams, and
+     endorsed the abominable Alien and Sedition laws of the Federal
+     reign of terror. He bitterly denounced the administration of
+     that pure Democrat, James Madison, and ridiculed what he termed
+     the follies of Thomas Jefferson."
+
+
+     HIS SLAVERY SOMERSETS.
+
+     "In 1819, at a meeting in Lancaster, he reported resolutions
+     favoring resistance to the extension of slavery and the
+     admission of the State of Missouri as a slave State.
+
+     "In 1847, he wrote to the Democracy of Berks county, saying
+     that the Missouri Compromise had given peace to the country,
+     and that instead of repealing it he was in favor of its
+     extension and maintenance.
+
+     "In 1850, in a letter to Col. Forney, he rejoiced over the
+     settlement of the slavery agitation by the passage of the
+     compromise measures during Fillmore's administration, and hoped
+     that before a dissolution of the Union he might be gathered to
+     his fathers, and never be permitted to witness the sad
+     catastrophe.
+
+     "In 1852, he wrote to Mr. Leake, of Virginia, concerning
+     Fillmore's compromise measures of 1850, which had been passed
+     by Congress, and said, 'that the volcano has been extinguished,
+     and the man who would apply the firebrand to the combustible
+     materials still remaining, will produce an eruption that will
+     overwhelm the Constitution and the Union."
+
+
+     BUCHANAN'S LAST SOMERSET.
+
+     "On the 28th of December, 1855, about three months ago, Mr.
+     Buchanan, in a letter to John Slidell, of Louisiana, says: 'The
+     Missouri Compromise is gone, and gone for ever. It has
+     departed. The time for it has passed away, and the best, nay,
+     the only mode now left of _putting down_ the fanatical and
+     reckless spirit of the North is to adhere to the existing
+     settlement without the slightest thought or appearance of
+     wavering, and without regarding any storm which may be raised
+     against it."
+
+Here, then, is an authentic record--if the reader please, a GILT-FRAME
+PENNSYLVANIA LOOKING-GLASS, in which the Democracy of the South who
+admire the nominee of the late Cincinnati Convention can _see him as he
+is_! Heretofore, to use the language of Holy Writ, they have seen him
+"through a glass darkly, but now face to face." Here they see him
+standing erect upon the floor of the United States Senate, in all the
+pride of that _aristocracy_ which has characterized his course in life,
+and giving vent to the old and bitter feelings of the _royalists_ in
+Pennsylvania, by advocating the _oppressive British doctrine_, that TEN
+CENTS PER DAY _is enough for a poor white man as a day-laborer_! And
+here, too, our hard-fisted working-men, North and South, can see what
+sort of a man the Democracy are asking them to vote for for the
+Presidency!
+
+In his Fourth of July oration in 1815, delivered in the hearing of an
+immense crowd, and afterwards published in all the leading papers of
+Pennsylvania, Mr. Buchanan came out as a _Know-Nothing_, which he has
+now to repudiate in stepping upon the _Anti-American Catholic Platform_
+prepared for him at Cincinnati! Here is what he said in that celebrated
+oration:
+
+     "The greater part of those foreigners who would not be thus
+     affected by it, have long been the warmest friends of the
+     party. They had been _one of the great means of elevating the
+     present ruling_ (Democratic) party, and it would have been
+     ungrateful for that party to have abandoned them. To secure
+     this foreign feeling has been the labor of their leaders for
+     more than twenty years, and well have they been paid for their
+     trouble, for it has been one of the principal causes of
+     introducing and continuing them in power. Immediately before
+     the war this foreign influence had completely embodied itself
+     with the majority, particularly in the West, and its voice was
+     heard so loud at the seat of government, that President Madison
+     was obliged either to yield to its dictates or retire from
+     office. The choice was easily made by a man who preferred his
+     private interests to the public good, and therefore hurried us
+     into a war for which we were utterly unprepared."
+
+And then again:
+
+     "We ought to use every honest exertion to turn out of power
+     those weak and wicked men whose wild and visionary theories
+     have been tested and found wanting. Above all, we ought to
+     drive from our shores foreign influence, and cherish American
+     feeling. Foreign influence has been in every age the curse of
+     republics--its jaundiced eye sees every thing in false
+     colors--the thick atmosphere of prejudice by which it is ever
+     surrounded, excluding from its sight the light of reason. Let
+     us then learn wisdom from experience, and for ever banish this
+     fiend from our country."
+
+And here is what JACKSON thought of BUCHANAN. The Democratic Washington
+correspondent of the New York Evening Post, who was favorable to the
+nomination of Pierce, makes this statement--a statement we have often
+heard before, and never heard contradicted:
+
+     "On the night before leaving Nashville to occupy the White
+     House, Mr. Polk, in company with Gen. Robert Armstrong, called
+     at the Hermitage to procure some advice from the old hero as to
+     the selection of his cabinet. Jackson strongly urged the
+     President-elect to give no place in it to Buchanan, as he could
+     not be relied upon. It so happened that Polk had already
+     determined to make that very appointment, having probably
+     offered the situation to the statesman of Pennsylvania. This
+     fact induced Gen. Armstrong subsequently to tell Jackson that
+     he had given Polk a rather hard rub, as Buchanan had already
+     been selected for Secretary of State. 'I can't help it,' said
+     the old man: 'I felt it my duty to warn him against Mr.
+     Buchanan, whether it was agreeable or not. Mr. Polk will find
+     Buchanan an unreliable man. I know him well, and Mr. Polk will
+     yet admit the correctness of my prediction.'
+
+     "It was the last visit ever made by Mr. Polk to the old hero
+     when this unavailing remonstrance was delivered, but the new
+     President, long before the end of his administration, had
+     reason to acknowledge its propriety and justice, and in the
+     diary kept by him during that period may still be read a most
+     emphatic declaration of his distrust of Mr. Buchanan. Every one
+     is aware of two marked instances in which, as Secretary of
+     State, the latter failed to support the policy of the
+     administration, viz., on the question of the tariff of 1846,
+     and the requisition of the ten regiments voted by Congress for
+     the Mexican war. On both of these measures he was known to be
+     opposed to the wishes of Mr. Polk."
+
+_Mr. Charles Irving_, the Democratic editor of the Lynchburg Republican,
+and a delegate at Richmond in the State Convention, thus disposes of Mr.
+Buchanan in a long and able letter, dated May 7th, 1856:
+
+     "If silence during the battle constitutes a claim for office,
+     how can the South expect Northern statesmen to uphold her
+     banner, when abolitionists are seeking to tear it to tatters?
+     If an ability to get free-soil votes makes a candidate
+     available, and that species of availability is recognized as a
+     merit at the South, Northern statesmen should court
+     free-soilers, and not struggle with them, if they wish to be
+     Presidents. Such availability may be very desirable to those
+     who wish success alone, but those who look to the interests of
+     the country may well be excused if they prefer a different
+     standard. I certainly _prefer_ that the South shall PREFER the
+     selection, not only of a sound man, but that she shall vote for
+     the nomination of no man upon any such ground of availability.
+     The coming election must settle the slavery agitation. I do not
+     wish a single free-soiler to vote the Democratic ticket, nor
+     will I willingly afford them the slightest excuse for so doing.
+     A prominent North-West Democrat told me to-day, that the
+     nomination of Mr. Buchanan would enable Trumbull, Wentworth,
+     and other free-soilers to come back into the party. I am not
+     anxious to get back such characters. These are some reasons for
+     not preferring Mr. Buchanan.
+
+     "But there is still another reason. That reason is in his
+     record. To carry the entire South, we must have not only a
+     sound man, but one who is above impeachment--whose record is as
+     stainless as the principles he advocates. Is such the case with
+     Mr. Buchanan? Let the record answer.
+
+     "On the 27th of December, 1837, Mr. Calhoun submitted to the
+     Senate that celebrated series of resolutions, the great objects
+     of which were to set forth with precision and force the
+     constitutional rights of the slaveholding States, and to
+     attract to their support an enlightened public opinion against
+     the attacks of Northern fanaticism. The second resolution was
+     in these words: (Calhoun's Works, volume 3, page 140.)
+
+     "'_Resolved_, That in delegating a portion of their powers to
+     be exercised by the Federal Government, the States retained
+     severally the exclusive and sole right over their own domestic
+     institutions and police, and are alone responsible for them,
+     and that any intermeddling of any one or more States, or a
+     combination of their citizens, with the domestic institutions
+     and police of the others, on any ground or under any pretext
+     whatever, political, moral, or religious, with a view to their
+     alteration or subversion, is an assumption of superiority not
+     warranted by the Constitution, insulting to the States
+     interfered with, tending to endanger their domestic peace and
+     tranquillity, subversive of the objects for which the
+     Constitution was formed, and, by necessary consequence, tending
+     to weaken and destroy the Union itself.'
+
+     "Mr. Morris of Ohio, who was then the only avowed Abolitionist
+     in the Senate, moved to strike out the words 'moral and
+     religious.' Had the motion prevailed, the effect would have
+     been to encourage agitation in the form in which it would be
+     most likely to be fatal to the South. It would have been a
+     direct encouragement to the Abolitionized clergy of the North
+     to take the very course which was taken by the 'three thousand
+     and fifty divines' who, in 1854, sacrilegiously assumed, 'in
+     the name of Almighty God, and in his presence,' to denounce the
+     repeal of the Missouri Compromise as 'a violation of plighted
+     faith and a breach of a national compact.' Subsequent events
+     have abundantly attested the truth of what Mr. Calhoun said,
+     when arguing against the motion, 'that the whole spirit of the
+     resolution hinged upon that word _religious_.'
+
+     "The vote taken on Mr. Morris's amendment stood as follows:
+     (Congressional Globe, volume 6, page 74.)
+
+     "Yeas--Messrs. Bayard, BUCHANAN, Clayton, Davis, McKeon,
+     Morris, Prentiss, Robbins, Ruggles, Smyth of Indiana,
+     Southward, Swift, Tipton, and Webster--14.
+
+     "Nays--Messrs. Allen, Black, Brown, Calhoun, Clay of Alabama,
+     Clay of Kentucky, Cuthbert, Fulton, Hubbard, King, Knight,
+     Linn, Lumpkin, Lyon, Nicholas, Niles, Norvell, Pierce, Preston,
+     Rives, Roane, Robinson, Sevier, Smyth of Connecticut, Strange,
+     Walker, Wall, White, Williams, Wright, and Young--31.
+
+     "The fifth resolution to which Mr. Calhoun here referred, and
+     which he justly regarded as the most important of all, and
+     struggled most perseveringly to have passed without amendment,
+     was strictly as follows:
+
+     "'Resolved, That the intermeddling of any State or States, or
+     their citizens, to abolish slavery in this District, or in any
+     of the Territories, on the ground, or under the pretext, that
+     it is immoral or sinful, or the passage of any act or measure
+     of Congress, with that view, would be a direct and dangerous
+     attack on the institutions of all the slaveholding States.'
+
+     "This resolution covered the whole premises. It met the issue
+     boldly and fully. No Southern Democrat can hesitate to say that
+     it embodied a great truth, to which events have borne emphatic
+     testimony. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, moved to strike it out, and
+     insert the following as a substitute:
+
+     "'Resolved, That when the District of Columbia was ceded by the
+     States of Virginia and Maryland to the United States, domestic
+     slavery existed in both of those States, including the ceded
+     territory; and that, as it still continues in both of them, it
+     could not be abolished within the District without a violation
+     of that good faith which was implied in the cession, and in the
+     acceptance of the territory, nor unless compensation were made
+     for the slaves, without a manifest infringement of an amendment
+     of the Constitution of the United States, nor without exciting
+     a degree of just alarm and apprehension in the States
+     recognizing slavery, far transcending, in mischievous tendency,
+     any possible benefit which would be accomplished by the
+     abolition.' (Congressional Globe, vol. 6, page 58.)
+
+     "The utter insufficiency of this temporizing amendment scarcely
+     need be pointed out. Objectionable as it was in conceding to
+     Congress the constitutional power to abolish slavery in the
+     District of Columbia, and declaring against the exercise of
+     that power only on the ground of inexpediency, it was still
+     more so in this, that it made no reference whatever to the
+     territories of the United States. The passage of Mr. Calhoun's
+     resolution would have committed the Senate, not only against
+     the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, but
+     against the application of the Wilmot Proviso and kindred
+     measures to the Territories. Mr. Clay's amendment was entirely
+     silent on the subject. It is true, that in another resolution
+     which he proposed to have adopted as an additional amendment,
+     it was declared that the abolition of slavery in the Territory
+     of Florida would be highly inexpedient, for the principal
+     reason 'that it would be in violation of a solemn compromise
+     made at a memorable and critical period in the history of this
+     country, by which, while slavery was prohibited north, it was
+     admitted south of the line of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes
+     north latitude.' The defect in the first amendment can hardly
+     be considered by Southern men as remedied by another which
+     recognized the binding force of the Missouri Compromise.
+
+     "On the question to strike out Mr. Calhoun's resolution, and
+     insert Mr. Clay's as an amendment, after it had been modified
+     by striking out the part relating to compensation for slaves,
+     the vote stood--yeas 19, nays 18. (Congressional Globe, vol.
+     6, page 62.) _Mr. Buchanan's name stands recorded in the
+     affirmative._
+
+     "On a subsequent occasion, Mr. Calhoun, with a view to infuse
+     vitality into Mr. Clay's amendment, moved to insert that any
+     attempt of Congress to abolish slavery in the Territories,
+     'would be a dangerous attack upon the States in which slavery
+     exists.' Mr. Buchanan opposed the amendment, and it was in
+     reply to his speech that Mr. Calhoun made the remarks which may
+     be found in the third volume of his works, pages 194 to 196,
+     and which he commenced by saying that 'the remarks of the
+     Senator from Pennsylvania were of such a character that he
+     could not permit them to pass in silence.'
+
+     "From these votes, and this language of Mr. Buchanan, it is
+     clear:
+
+     "1st. That he was not opposed to the _religious_ agitation of
+     the slavery question--a species of agitation which Mr. Calhoun
+     justly regarded as more fatal than any other.
+
+     "2d. That he recognized the constitutional power of Congress to
+     abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, opposing its
+     existence only on the ground of its inexpediency--a proposition
+     which the position of Mr. Van Buren shows affords no reliable
+     protection to Southern institutions.
+
+     "3d. That he refused to commit himself fully on the great
+     question as to the power of Congress over the Territories of
+     the United States, and as far as he did go, evidently left it
+     to be understood that the abolition of slavery by Congress in
+     those Territories would be no attack on the States in which it
+     exists.'
+
+     "If his opinions, in these respects, have undergone any
+     material change, the country has not yet been authoritatively
+     apprised of the fact. The reflections cast by him on the
+     institution of slavery, in one of his speeches in England, and
+     the studied design he has manifested to keep aloof from the
+     excitement growing out of the repeal of the Missouri
+     Compromise, are not well calculated to inspire confidence, that
+     if his views have undergone any change, it has been a change
+     for the better."
+
+After thus disposing of the _slavery issue_, _Mr. Irving_ thus turns to
+the _Tariff Question_:
+
+     "So much for the slavery issue. How does Mr. Buchanan stand
+     upon the tariff? Will the Sentinel say that he is sound, or
+     justify his 'low wages' speech? How does he stand upon the
+     French Spoliation bill, which President Polk and President
+     Pierce vetoed? Everybody knows that he was in favor of it. How
+     does he stand upon the Pacific Railroad? He declared himself in
+     favor of an appropriation of public money to build it, as is
+     notorious. In fact, is there a single Federal measure except
+     that of the United States Bank, upon which he is not recorded
+     against Democratic principles? How can we hope to carry the
+     united South with such a record? Will Southern Democrats
+     overlook this record? Will Northern Nebraska men overlook this
+     ignoring of Pierce and Douglass? Is there no danger that in
+     admitting the abolitionist Trumbull, we may not dishearten the
+     gallant Douglass? Is there no fear that in reinstating the
+     free-soil Hickman, who is in favor of Reeder, we may not palsy
+     the arm of Richardson? In fine, is there no fear that in hoping
+     for free-soil aid, we may not lose the few real friends the
+     South has in the North? It is evident to the commonest
+     understanding, that the first step of Northern Black
+     Republicanism is to kill off all those influential men at the
+     North, like Pierce or Douglass, who have actively participated
+     in the fight for our rights. Is not the South aiding them in
+     this first step, when it not only ignores its own sons, but
+     also ignores, upon the ground of availability, those Northern
+     men identified with the late Kansas-Nebraska bill? This is a
+     question the South would do well to ponder. If Mr. Buchanan is
+     to be nominated, and Pierce and Douglass in the North ignored,
+     let the responsibility rest elsewhere than upon the State of
+     Virginia. He may be, and probably is sound, but these are times
+     when more than ordinary caution is necessary. It may become the
+     duty of the South to support him. When that time arrives I can
+     discharge the duty; but I do think that the reasons above
+     stated exempt me from any blame for not advocating him until
+     that responsibility devolves upon me. Very respectfully, CHAS.
+     IRVING.
+
+The Southern Dough-faces of the Foreign Catholic party pretend to hold
+Mr. Fillmore responsible for a letter he wrote more than twenty years
+ago, in which he answers certain interrogatories in reference to
+slavery, _affirmatively_, and in opposition to the extension of slavery!
+The _latest_ record of Buchanan is in 1844, and proves him to be an
+ABOLITIONIST OF THE BLACKEST DYE. About the last speech he ever made in
+Congress, was IN OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY, in secret session of the Senate,
+just before Mr. Polk, in opposition to the wishes of Gen. Jackson, gave
+him a seat in his cabinet. This speech will be found in the
+Congressional Globe for 1844, an extract from which is in these
+_explicit_ and _memorable_ words:
+
+     "In arriving at the conclusion to support this treaty, I had to
+     encounter _but one serious obstacle_, AND THAT WAS THE QUESTION
+     OF SLAVERY. Whilst I have ever maintained, and ever shall
+     maintain, in their full force and vigor, the constitutional
+     rights of the Southern States over their slave property, I yet
+     feel a strong repugnance by any act of mine to extend the
+     limits of the Union over a new slaveholding territory. After
+     mature reflection, however, I overcame these scruples, and now
+     believe that the acquisition of Texas will be the means of
+     limiting, not enlarging, the dominion of slavery.
+
+     "In the government of the world, Providence generally produces
+     great changes by gradual means. There is nothing rash in the
+     counsels of the Almighty. May not, then, the acquisition of
+     Texas be the means of gradually drawing the slaves far to the
+     South to a climate more congenial to their nature; and may they
+     not finally pass off into Mexico, and THERE MINGLE WITH A RACE
+     WHERE NO PREJUDICE EXISTS AGAINST THEIR COLOR? The Mexican
+     nation is composed of Spaniards, Indians, and Negroes, blended
+     together in every variety, who would receive our slaves on
+     terms of perfect social equality. To this condition they never
+     can be admitted in the United States.
+
+     "That the acquisition of Texas would ere long convert Maryland,
+     Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, and probably others of the more
+     Northern Slave States, into free States, I entertain not a
+     doubt....
+
+     "But should Texas be annexed to the Union, causes will be
+     brought into operation which must inevitably remove slavery
+     from what may be called the farming States. From the best
+     information, it is no longer profitable to raise wheat, rye,
+     and corn, by slave labor. Where these articles are the only
+     staples of agriculture, in the pointed and expressive language
+     of Randolph, if the slave does not run away from his master,
+     the master must run away from the slave. The slave will
+     naturally be removed from such a country, where his labor is
+     scarcely adequate to his own support, to a region where he can
+     not only maintain himself, but yield large profits to his
+     master. Texas will open an outlet; and slavery itself may thus
+     finally pass the Del Norte, and be lost in Mexico. One thing is
+     certain, the present number of slaves cannot be increased by
+     the annexation of Texas.
+
+     "I have never apprehended the preponderance of the slave States
+     in the councils of the nation. Such a fear has always appeared
+     to me visionary. But those who entertain such apprehensions
+     need not be alarmed by the acquisition of Texas. More than
+     one-half of its territory is wholly unfit for the slave labor;
+     and, therefore, in the nature of things must be free. Mr. Clay,
+     in his letter of the 17th of April last, on the subject of
+     annexation, states that, according to his information--
+
+     "'The Territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five
+     States of convenient size and form. Of these, two only would be
+     adapted to those peculiar institutions (slavery) to which I
+     have referred; and the other three, lying west and north of San
+     Antonio, being only adapted to farming and grazing purposes,
+     from the nature of their soil, climate, and productions, would
+     not admit of these institutions. In the end, therefore, there
+     would be two slave and three free States probably added to the
+     Union.'
+
+     "And here permit me to observe, that there is one defect in the
+     treaty which ought to be amended if we all did not know that it
+     is destined to be rejected. The treaty itself ought to
+     determine how many free and how many slave States should be
+     made out of this territory."
+
+On the 11th of April, 1826, James Buchanan, who is now being supported
+by _Southern slaveholders_, made a speech in Congress, _eleven years
+after_ his Fourth of July oration, from which the following is taken:
+
+     "Permit me here, Mr. Chairman, for a moment, to speak upon a
+     subject to which I have never before adverted upon this floor,
+     and to which, I trust, I may never again have occasion to
+     advert. I mean the subject of slavery. I BELIEVE IT TO BE A
+     GREAT POLITICAL AND A GREAT MORAL EVIL. I THANK GOD, MY LOT HAS
+     BEEN CAST IN A STATE WHERE IT DOES NOT EXIST.... IT HAS BEEN A
+     CURSE ENTAILED UPON US BY THAT NATION WHICH MAKES IT A SUBJECT
+     OF REPROACH TO OUR INSTITUTIONS." (See Gales and Seaton's
+     Register of Debates, page 2180, vol. ii., part 2.)
+
+
+MORE BUCHANAN ANTECEDENTS.
+
+When a "_Uniform Bankrupt Law_" was enacted by Congress, after the
+election of General Harrison, there were on the files of the Judiciary
+Committee of the Senate _fifty-one petitions_, praying for the passage
+of such a law. Twenty-nine of these were from New York, five from New
+Jersey, three from Ohio, two from Indiana, two from Massachusetts, and
+_one_ from each of the States of Tennessee and Mississippi. There were
+_twenty-five_ other petitions praying for "_A General Bankrupt Law_;"
+_fifteen_ of which were from New York, and eight from Pennsylvania; and
+how will the Democracy like to see it hereafter proven that BUCHANAN
+presented these petitions, and voted for the law? If it shall turn out
+that "Old Buck" did really go for the "odious Bankrupt Law," let his
+friends defend him on the ground that his _State_ desired it, and had
+always favored the measure!
+
+In the House of Representatives, in Congress, January 3, 1815, _Mr.
+Ingersoll_, a notorious Democrat from Pennsylvania, and a _Boy Tory_ of
+the war of the Revolution, from the Committee on the Judiciary, reported
+a bill to establish _a uniform law of Bankruptcy throughout the United
+States_! If these facts should not turn out to be a sufficient
+justification of _Mr. Buchanan's course_, provided he went for this
+Bankrupt Law, let his friends present these facts, and show that he was
+in good old Federal Democratic _company_:
+
+NUMBER 1. On the 5th of September, 1837, Mr. Van Buren's _Democratic_
+Secretary of the Treasury made a report to Congress, praying the passage
+of a _uniform Bankrupt Law_, which was referred to the Committee on the
+Judiciary.
+
+NUMBER 2. On the 13th day of January, 1840, _Mr. Norvell_, a Democratic
+Senator from Michigan, moved that the Judiciary be instructed to inquire
+into the expediency of reporting a bill for the establishment of a
+_General Bankrupt Law_.
+
+NUMBER 3. On the 22d of April, 1840, _Garret D. Wall_, a flaming
+Democratic Senator in Congress, reported certain amendments to a
+Bankrupt Law, from a minority of the Committee; which were referred to
+the Senate's select Committee, and reported by Mr. Wall, and passed--21
+to 19--and sent to the House.
+
+NUMBER 4. In the Senate, July 23, 1841, _Mr. Nicholson_, a Democratic
+Senator from Tennessee, delivered an able speech in favor of a uniform
+system of Bankruptcy, and moved to amend the bill then pending, by
+inserting "BANKS AND OTHER CORPORATIONS;" which motion was lost by a
+vote of 34 to 16.
+
+NUMBER 5. That great light of Democracy, _Col. Richard M. Johnson_, late
+Vice-President of the United States, wrote and spoke in favor of a
+General Bankrupt Law. In a letter of his, now before us, dated
+Washington, January 18, 1841, he says, speaking of such a law: "_My
+opinion is that it will redound to the honor of our country._"
+
+But we will do Mr. Buchanan justice, by stating that he said he would
+vote _against_ the Bankrupt Law of 1840, because he did not like its
+features. When Mr. Webster spoke in favor of the law, and of the
+character of the _petitioners_, many of whom presented their petitions
+through Mr. Buchanan, the latter spoke on the 24th of February, 1840;
+and, to satisfy Mr. Webster and others that he was not opposed to the
+_principle_ in former days, stated, "_He came to the other House of
+Congress, many years since_, A FRIEND OF A BANKRUPT LAW. The subject was
+before the House when he entered the body twenty years ago." He added,
+"He was _open to conviction_, and might change his purpose!"
+
+Thus, it will be seen that Mr. Buchanan, in this, as in every thing
+else, _was on both sides_! And how does it look in a Presidential
+candidate, to have supported a _General Bankrupt Law_ for the relief of
+_rich, extravagant, and aristocratic_ gentlemen, and then to turn round
+and advocate "ten cents per day" for poor folks and laboring men? It
+will look rather bad; but, then, Sag Nicht Democracy can go any thing!
+This old "ten cents per day" champion of Democracy advocated, in so many
+words, the reduction of all paper money prices to the real Cuba standard
+of solid money! We take extracts from his speech, which will be found in
+the Appendix to the Congressional Globe, page 135:
+
+     "In Germany, where the currency is purely metallic, and the
+     cost of every thing is REDUCED to a hard money standard, a
+     piece of broadcloth can be manufactured for fifty dollars; the
+     manufacture of which in our country, from the expansion of
+     paper currency, would cost one hundred dollars. What is the
+     consequence? The foreign French and German manufacturer imports
+     this cloth into our country, and sells it for a hundred. Does
+     not every person perceive that the redundancy of our currency
+     is equal to a premium of one hundred per cent. in favor of the
+     manufacturer?"
+
+     "No tariff of protection, unless it amounted to prohibition,
+     could counteract this advantage in favor of foreign
+     manufactures. I would to heaven that I could arouse the
+     attention of every manufacturer of the nation to this important
+     subject."
+
+     "What is the reason that, with all these advantages, and with
+     the protective duties which our laws afford to the domestic
+     manufacturer of cotton, we cannot obtain exclusive possession
+     of the home market, and successfully contend for the markets of
+     the world? It is simply because we manufacture at the nominal
+     prices of our inflated currency, and are compelled to sell at
+     the real prices of other nations. REDUCE OUR NOMINAL STANDARD
+     OF PRICES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, and you cover our country with
+     blessings and benefits."
+
+            *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "The comparative LOW PRICES of France and Germany have afforded
+     such a stimulus to their manufactures, that they are now
+     rapidly extending themselves, and would obtain possession, in
+     no small degree, even of the English home market, IF IT WERE
+     NOT FOR THEIR PROTECTING DUTIES. While British manufactures are
+     now languishing, those of the continent are springing into a
+     healthy and vigorous existence."
+
+How will the _Free Trade Democracy_ of the South relish these
+"protecting duties" of an old Federal politician? They are about as
+consistent in their support of the Cincinnati nominee as "Clay Whigs"
+are, when they know that Buchanan was the only man living who had it in
+his power to do Clay justice, in reference to the "bargain and intrigue"
+calumny, and obstinately refused!
+
+
+CLAY AND BUCHANAN.
+
+In 1825, Mr. Buchanan, then a member of the House, entered the room of
+Mr. Clay, who was at the time in company with his only messmate, Hon. R.
+P. Letcher, also a member of the House, and since Governor of Kentucky.
+Buchanan introduced the subject of the approaching Presidential
+election, Letcher witnessing what was said; and after that, when Mr.
+Clay was hotly assailed with the charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption," notified Mr. Buchanan of his intention to publish the
+conversation, but was induced, by the _earnest entreaties of Buchanan_,
+to forbear. And Mr. Clay died with a letter in his possession, from
+Buchanan, which, if published, as it should be, would place Buchanan
+without the pale of Democracy, and disgrace him in the eyes of all
+honorable men. _That_ letter, too, would explain why Gen. Jackson had no
+confidence in him, and was opposed to his taking a seat in Polk's
+cabinet. Let it come!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That it was the vote of James Buchanan
+which, in the Senate, in 1832, secured the passage of the "Black
+Tariff," so offensive to the "Free Trade" Democracy of Tennessee, South
+Carolina, and other Southern States, and which Gov. JONES threw up to
+Col. Polk with so much effect in their race of 1843!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the Cincinnati Platform unblushingly
+affirms that "the Constitution does not confer upon the Federal
+government authority to assume the debts of the several States,
+contracted for local internal improvements, or for other State
+purposes;" while the Democratic members of Congress annually violate
+this principle by voting away hundreds of acres of public lands to the
+States, for purposes of railroads and other improvements.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the same Platform hypocritically
+asserts, that "it is the duty of every branch of our Government to
+enforce and practice the most rigid economy in conducting our public
+affairs;" when the expenditures of Pierce's administration are TWENTY
+MILLIONS PER ANNUM over that of MILLARD FILLMORE!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the 8th of the series in this Platform
+declares, that "the attempt to abridge the privilege of becoming
+citizens and owners of soil amongst us ought to be resisted with the
+same spirit which swept the alien and sedition laws from our statute
+book:" and then the hypocritical builders of the platform turned about
+and nominated James Buchanan, who commenced public life as the advocate
+of the "alien and sedition laws," and sustained, in and out of Congress,
+the Federal party, who passed these laws.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That the Cincinnati Platform, which prates
+so loudly about the privilege of becoming "owners of the soil," and
+which rebukes all efforts to amend our naturalization laws as oppressive
+to foreigners, nominated a man for the Presidency who spoke publicly in
+this language: "Above all, we ought to drive from our shores foreign
+influence, which has been in every age the curse of republics!"
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this Cincinnati Platform pledges
+itself to the "Acts known as the Compromise Measures," and then resolves
+"to resist all attempts at renewing, in Congress or out of it, the
+agitation of slavery;" while the second best nags before the Convention
+were Douglass and Pierce, who brought forward the bill repealing the
+Missouri Compromise line, and opening up anew the slavery agitation,
+while Pierce signed the bill and adopted it as an Administration
+measure!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this same Platform asserts, as an
+indispensable article of the Democratic faith, that "the proceeds of the
+public lands ought to be sacredly applied to the national objects
+specified in the Constitution;" and yet a majority of the Democracy, in
+one branch of Congress, unhesitatingly voted for a bill introduced by
+Robert M. T. Hunter, a leader of "the most straitest sect" of Democratic
+Pharisees, which proposed to give away the whole body of the public
+lands to squatters, at the nominal price of ninepence an acre, and at
+five years' credit!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this same platform deprecates a policy
+which legislates for the few at the expense of the many; yet its
+builders nominated a man for the Presidency who has avowed himself on
+the floor of the Senate in favor of reducing the wages of poor white men
+to the Cuban standard of TEN CENTS per day!
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That this Cincinnati Platform utterly fails
+to come up to that high Southern standard, which the country looked for
+from a party so lavish of promises, and that it has deliberately and
+completely shirked the slavery issue, the only apology for which is
+found in their having nominated an old anti-slavery Federalist.
+
+_Keep it before the People_, That JAMES BUCHANAN was opposed to the war
+of 1812, but is in favor of the next war--while a Federalist he was
+conservative in his views, but is now square upon a Filibustering
+Platform--his nomination, an overture to the Sumner Wing of Democracy,
+is the very nomination for the Nullifiers, Fire-eaters, and Disunionists
+of the South--that while we cry North, shout South, every faction is
+united.
+
+
+
+
+THE CINCINNATI VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.
+
+
+_John C. Breckenridge_, of Kentucky, is now the Democratic candidate for
+the Vice Presidency; and in our devotion to the _head_ of the ticket, we
+do not wish to neglect the _tail_. Mr. Breckenridge is a good speaker,
+and is about as good a selection as his party could make. He has not
+been long enough in public life to attain any experience as a statesman,
+nor has he been guilty of any great indiscretion in his short
+Congressional career. He will be unable to carry Kentucky for his party,
+though he has some elements of strength. Standing out in violent
+opposition to his relatives upon the _Know Nothing_ issues, he will be
+acceptable to all Foreigners, and the Catholics in particular! Being on
+the very best of terms with _Cassius M. Clay_, and voting with the
+Emancipationists of Kentucky, he will be rather acceptable to the
+Anti-Slavery men than otherwise! He was a zealous supporter of the bill
+in Congress appropriating a million or two dollars to works of Internal
+Improvement, which was _vetoed_ by Pierce. That bill provided $50,000
+for the improvement of the Kentucky River, to which he urged an
+amendment insisting on $150,000. This will give him strength with the
+Democracy of the North and North-West, who advocated the doctrine of
+Internal Improvements by the General Government!
+
+On May 20th, 1856, the _Charleston Mercury_ came out advising the South
+as to the selection of candidates, which advice, if adhered to, would
+prove ruinous alike to Buchanan and Breckenridge. A brief extract from
+that article is in these words:
+
+     "A man unsound on Slavery, Free Trade, and Internal
+     Improvements, or whose opinions are shrouded in treacherous
+     ambiguity--such a man, be he Black Republican or Democrat, is
+     unworthy of her support. To vote for either, is to give away
+     her influence, to be used against her. It is to stultify
+     principle, and be the instrument of her own undoing."
+
+This doctrine would get very much in the way of such men as _Toombs and
+Stephens_, of Georgia, and other Anti-Internal Improvement Democrats,
+but they can excuse Breckenridge on the ground that he acquiesced in the
+veto of Pierce, and was possibly only trying to make a little capital at
+home, which is common with Democracy. Besides, Mr. Breckenridge being
+raised a _Clay Whig_, and representing the Ashland District as a
+Democrat, should be allowed to pass over the _Jordan_ of Democracy by
+degrees!
+
+His name can be used advantageously in this contest in another respect.
+While Mr. Buchanan was Mr. Clay's most vindictive enemy, traducer, and
+calumniator, Mr. Breckenridge can be held up to the Clay Whigs, as
+having announced to the House of Representatives the death of Mr. Clay,
+in language and sentiments branding Buchanan as a malignant slanderer,
+without mentioning his name, by the character he gave to Clay! Closing
+his eulogy upon Mr. Clay in these words, Mr. Breckenridge evidently
+looked with the eye of prophecy at the slanders of Buchanan, the
+recollection of which would "cluster" around his grave:--
+
+     "Every memorial of such a man will possess a meaning and value
+     to his countrymen. His tomb will be a hallowed spot. Great
+     memories will cluster there, and his countrymen as they visit
+     it may well exclaim:
+
+    "Such graves as his are pilgrim shrines--
+      Shrines to no creed or code confined;
+    The Delphian vales, the Palestines,
+      The Meccas of the mind."
+
+If we mistake not, this young Breckenridge is the nephew of the Rev.
+John Breckenridge, formerly of Baltimore, and pastor of the Presbyterian
+Church. If so, he is the nephew of the Rev. Robert Breckenridge, the
+talented and staunch advocate of the American party. The venerable uncle
+of this young man, whilst pastor of the Church in Baltimore, was a most
+formidable opponent of the Roman Catholic religion, and is the man who
+conducted the debate with Archbishop Hughes, in 1836, which we now have
+before us, in a large volume of 550 pages. Of course _Bishop Hughes_
+will require the young man to repudiate his uncle's views and charges in
+opposition to the Papal religion; and this, we should think, he will do
+for the sake of the Catholic vote in America!
+
+
+
+
+From the Knoxville Whig of June 14, 1856.
+
+PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY--ITS LEGITIMATE FRUITS.
+
+
+The following important document we take from the National
+Intelligencer, of January 22, 1851. It was signed and published by
+gentlemen irrespective of parties--FORTY-FOUR Senators and
+Representatives in Congress. It will be a _curiosity_ to those of our
+readers who may have forgotten its well-timed and patriotic pledges. How
+unfortunate it has been for the country, and especially the public
+tranquillity, that the determination and counsels of these men were, in
+an evil hour, departed from, and flagrantly violated by the demagogues
+of the self-styled Democratic party! To the violation of this solemn
+pledge by the repeal of the Missouri Compromise line, and the reoepening
+of the Slavery agitation by the introduction of the Kansas-Nebraska
+bill, intended to elevate that miserable little demagogue, _Stephen A.
+Douglass_, to the Presidency, we are indebted for all the scenes of
+bloodshed in Kansas, to the angry slavery discussions in Congress, and
+the disgraceful scenes of riot being almost daily enacted there!
+
+Several copies of the following Declaration were circulated in Congress,
+and obtained a number of signatures in both halls; but no other list was
+ever published, that we know of, besides this, which, it will be seen,
+was headed by the illustrious HENRY CLAY:
+
+     "The undersigned, members of the thirty-first Congress of the
+     United States, believing that a renewal of sectional
+     controversy upon the subject of slavery would be both dangerous
+     to the Union and destructive of its objects; and seeing no mode
+     by which such controversy can be avoided, except by a strict
+     adherence to the settlement thereof effected by the Compromise
+     Acts passed at the last session of Congress, do hereby declare
+     their intention to maintain the said settlement inviolate, and
+     to resist all attempts to repeal or alter the acts aforesaid,
+     unless by the general consent of the friends of the measure,
+     and to remedy such evils, if any, as time and experience may
+     develop. And, for the purpose of making this resolution
+     effective, they further declare that they will not support for
+     the office of President, Vice-President, Senator, or
+     Representative in Congress, or as a member of a State
+     Legislature, any man, of whatever party, who is not known to be
+     opposed to the disturbance of the settlement aforesaid, and to
+     the renewal, in any form, of agitation upon the subject of
+     slavery.
+
+     "Henry Clay,
+     C. S. Morehead,
+     Robt. L. Rose,
+     W. C. Dawson,
+     Thos. J. Rusk,
+     Jere. Clemens,
+     James Cooper,
+     Thos. C. Pratt,
+     Wm. M. Gwin,
+     Samuel A. Elliot,
+     David Outlaw,
+     O. H. Williams,
+     J. Philips Phoenix,
+     A. M. Schemerhorn,
+     Jno. R. Thurman,
+     D. A. Bokee,
+     Geo. R. Andrews,
+     W. P. Mangum,
+     Jeremiah Morton,
+     R. I. Bowie,
+     E. C. Cabell,
+     Alex. Evans,
+     Howell Cobb,
+     H. S. Foote,
+     Wm. Duer,
+     Jas. Brooks,
+     A. H. Stephens,
+     R. Toombs,
+     M. P. Gentry,
+     H. W. Hilliard,
+     F. E. McLean,
+     A. G. Watkins,
+     H. A. Bullard,
+     T. S. Haywood,
+     A. H. Shephard,
+     Daniel Breck,
+     Jas. L. Johnson,
+     J. B. Thompson,
+     J. M. Anderson,
+     John B. Kerr,
+     J. P. Caldwell,
+     Ed. Deberry,
+     H. Marshall,
+     Allen F. Owen."
+
+The _rowdyism_ and _treachery_ of Democracy never intended to abide by
+this pledge--and hence their "disturbance of the settlement aforesaid,"
+by opening up anew this villainous "agitation upon the subject of
+slavery." This violation of a solemn pledge has introduced into Kansas
+civil war, caused bloodshed, the shooting down of men in cold blood, and
+overrun that country with contending parties, called "_Friends of
+Freedom_" and "_Border Ruffians_," armed with Sharpe's rifles, Colt's
+revolvers, bowie-knives, and clubs, mixed with Bibles!
+
+All this really affords an illustration of the domineering insolence of
+Democratic Abolitionism--an element in our Federal Government which will
+stop at no extremity of violence, in order to subdue the people of the
+Slave States, and force them into a miserable subservience to its
+fanatical dominion. And it is worthy of note, that the shooting of
+Sheriff Jones and others in Kansas, occurred immediately after the
+arrival of the _New Haven Emigrant Rifle Company_! This, too, calls to
+mind forcibly the very delectable _conversational speechifying_ that
+took place at the New Haven Rifle Meeting, among the pious villains who
+figured most conspicuously. As it is short, we give it entire:
+
+     Rev. Mr. Dutton (pastor of the church.)--One of the deacons of
+     this church, Mr. Harvey Hall, is going out with the company to
+     Kansas, and I, as his pastor, desire to present him a Bible and
+     a Sharpe's rifle. (Great applause.)
+
+     E. P. Pie.--I will give one.
+
+     Stephen D. Purdee.--I will give one for myself, and also
+     another one for my wife.
+
+     Mr. Beecher.--I like to see that--it is a bold stroke both
+     right and left. (Great laughter.)
+
+     Charles Ives.--Put me down for three.
+
+     Thomas R. Trowbridge.--Put me down for four. (Continued
+     laughter.) Dr. J. I. Howe.--I will subscribe for one.
+
+     A gentleman said that Miss Mary Dutton would give one.
+
+     Dr. Stephen G. Hubbard.--One.
+
+     Mr. Beecher here stated that if twenty-five could be raised on
+     the spot, he would pledge twenty-five more from the church at
+     Plymouth--fifty being a sufficient number for the whole supply.
+     (Clapping of hands all over the house.)
+
+     Prof. Silliman now left Mr. Beecher to speak for the bid, and
+     sat down to enjoy the occasion.
+
+     Mr. Killem.--I give one.
+
+     Mr. Beecher.--_Killem_--that's a significant name in connection
+     with a good Sharpe's rifle. (Laughter.)
+
+After this, this clerical vagabond, Beecher, blessed the weapons, and
+encouraged the party to go forth and "do or die" in the sublime "cause
+of nigger freedom!" In all human probability, sweet Mary Dutton's rifle
+may have sped the ball that pierced the side of Sheriff Jones, the
+officer of the law, while in the honest discharge of a sworn duty!
+Subsequent murders, where pro-slavery men were shot down with these
+rifles, we attribute to the _omen_ that Beecher found in his name
+"_Killem_"--it is a significant name in connection with Sharpe's rifle.
+The real assassins shoot down their men, and with their _rifles_ and
+_Bibles_ flee; but _she_ who unfrocked herself by furnishing a rifle,
+and _he_ who gave and blessed the weapon of death, are here to accept
+the thanks of their admirers and partisans. Let sweet Mary and her
+_beloved_ pastor be crowned with wreaths of deadly night-shade, and
+consigned to one cell in Sing Sing prison!
+
+But the success of Ruffianism in Kansas, in the hands of those vile
+Abolition Democrats, has emboldened members of the same party to
+introduce it in the Federal Capital. But the other day, MR. SUMNER, of
+Massachusetts, made, in his place in the U. S. Senate, one of the most
+incendiary and inflammatory speeches ever uttered on the floor of either
+House of Congress! The vocabulary of Billingsgate was exhausted in
+denouncing all who dared to justify the institution of slavery--using,
+over and over again, such terms as "hireling, picked from the drunken
+spew of an uneasy civilization in the form of men," &c. The language
+made use of was disgraceful to the vile Abolitionist himself, and to the
+Senate, of which he never ought to have been a member. There was no
+limit to the personal abuse in which the villainous Senator indulged, no
+restraint to the vile epithets coined in his insane head; and the very
+natural consequence was, a personal chastisement of Mr. Sumner, in the
+Senate chamber, by Mr. Brooks, a Representative from South Carolina, and
+a relative of Judge Butler, the gentleman abused in his absence, which,
+for its severity, never was equalled in Washington. Mr. Sumner was the
+aggressor, because he poured out the vials of his wrath upon not only
+Judge Butler, a distinguished Senator, but upon the whole State of South
+Carolina.
+
+We do not justify the selection of a _time_ and _place_ by _Mr. Brooks_,
+for punishing this Massachusetts Abolitionist; but we should despise the
+son of South Carolina who could hear his native State arraigned in such
+temper and language, without feeling intensely, and _manifesting_ that
+feeling at a proper time and place. Indeed, it would be strange if a
+South Carolinian did not resent the arrogant, insulting, and
+contemptuous tone which Mr. Sumner saw fit to indulge in towards South
+Carolina in general, and her Senator in particular! We know Judge
+Butler--we have seen him on the Bench, in the discharge of the duties of
+a Circuit-Judge--we have seen and heard him in the Senate Chamber, where
+he has served for years, with credit to himself and honor to his State.
+He is an accomplished man, and a most amiable and honorable gentleman.
+His character is unblemished; he stands deservedly high; he is a
+gentleman of urbane and courteous demeanor, and is beloved, esteemed,
+and respected, by all _gentlemen_ who know him or associate with him.
+Besides, he is an old man, gray-haired, and palsied; and, whether
+present or absent, deserved to be treated as a gentleman.
+
+Northern men may not expect to vilify the South in this way, without
+having to atone for it. Men who profess to belong to the peace party,
+ought not to employ language that will provoke a fight, and then shield
+themselves behind their non-resistant defences. They voluntarily put
+themselves upon the platform of _resistance_--they pass insults, and
+they must submit to the consequences. We have just finished the perusal
+of a case in AEsop's Fables, exactly in point. It is the case of a
+_trumpeter_ taken prisoner in battle. He claimed exemption from the
+common fate of prisoners of war, in ancient times, on the ground that he
+carried no weapons, and was, in fact, a non-combatant, belonging to the
+peace party! "Non-combatant, the Devil!" exclaimed the opposing party,
+pointing to his trumpet, as preparations were being made to put him to
+death, "Why, Sir, you hold in your hands the very instrument which
+incites our foes to tenfold furies against us!"
+
+But this fight between the parties has to come, and it should begin at
+Washington, and if not in the halls of Congress, at least in the
+_streets_ of the Federal city. Let the battle be fought there, and not
+in _Kansas_, and let it fall upon the villainous agitators of the
+Slavery question, and the _Democratic_ disturbers of the Compromises of
+the Constitution. Let it come _now_, that it may be fought out and
+settled, and not left to _posterity_, to curse and crush the rising
+generation!
+
+Mr. Brooks is a Democrat, and an anti-Know Nothing. Mr. Sumner is a
+Democrat--was elected by the votes of the Democrats, over that noble and
+dignified Whig, Mr. Winthrop, and his election was hailed throughout the
+Union as a Democratic triumph!
+
+Massachusetts, irrespective of parties, seems to have taken great
+offence at this occurrence, and to have held indignation meetings, and
+was to have had _Legislative_ action upon the subject. We tell
+Massachusetts that she is alone to blame, for sending such a man to the
+United States Senate. There was a great debate in the Senate twenty-five
+years ago, in which Daniel Webster and Gov. Hayne met each other and
+grappled like giants, as they were. The State of South Carolina, in that
+day, though represented by an able, patriotic, and great man, came off
+_second best_. The Senator from Massachusetts, of that day, was an able
+statesman, a Constitutional lawyer of unsurpassed abilities, and,
+withal, a cautious gentleman, and rose above the low blackguardism of a
+Sumner and a Wilson. When _taunted_ by the Senator from South Carolina
+with _Federalism_, and opposition to some of the features of the War of
+1812, the great Webster presented Massachusetts before the Senate and
+the Union, in such a manner that men of all sections bowed down and
+worshipped her. Standing erect with the flash of his eagle eye, he
+exclaimed, "There is Boston, and Concord, and Lexington, and Bunker
+Hill"--let them testify to the loyalty of Massachusetts to this glorious
+Union! Not only did Mr. Webster come out of that controversy with South
+Carolina with the admiration of every man in the country, but with the
+respect and admiration of Calhoun, Hayne, McDuffie, and all the
+high-toned statesmen of the South. And why? Because he was not a Sumner,
+a Wilson, or an _Abolition Blackguard_. Times have changed--a different
+man takes the place of a Webster, with only the memory of an insulting
+speech and a broken head! Let Massachusetts send men to the United
+States Senate who can and will demean themselves like gentlemen, and
+gentlemen from the South will appreciate them, while they differ
+honestly with them on great questions.
+
+What wonderful _progress_ Democracy is making in the country! _First_,
+Democracy quarrelled and jowered over the election of a Speaker two
+months, and finally, by the introduction of the _Plurality Rule_, caused
+Banks, a Black Republican, to be elected. And as if determined to atone
+for this wear of time and money, they have brought about a series of
+fights, which, before they are disposed of, will cost the government
+half a million of dollars!
+
+_First_ then, William Smith, an ex-Governor of the State of Virginia,
+and member of the House of Representatives, assailed and beat the editor
+of the _Evening Star_, in December last, in the street.
+
+_Second_, Albert Rusk, a member of the House of Representatives from
+Arkansas, assailed and beat the editor of the New York _Tribune_ in the
+grounds of the capitol, immediately after leaving the House of
+Representatives.
+
+_Third_, Philip T. Herbert, of Alabama, a member of Congress from
+California, shot down and killed an Irish Catholic waiter at Willard's,
+and is now under bonds to appear before the Court and await his trial
+for such crime as they may adjudge him to have committed.
+
+_Fourth_, Preston S. Brooks, a member of the House of Representatives
+from South Carolina, assails and beats unmercifully a Senator from
+Massachusetts, when occupying his seat in the Senate of the United
+States.
+
+_Fifth_, Mr. Bright knocked down the doorkeeper, for an inconsiderable
+offence. Here, then, we have five breaches of the peace in five months,
+by Democrats upon Democrats, although the "Boston Pilot," a Catholic
+organ, falsely charges that some of the parties making these assaults
+are "Know Nothings." We congratulate the Democratic party upon the
+progress of its leading members! They are sinking by swift descent into
+barbarism, and bringing the country to ruin. And in keeping with all
+this, they have tried to nominate for the Vice-Presidency a man who
+openly proposed in Congress the repeal of our neutrality laws, so as to
+bring a general fight!
+
+It will not do to say that _Sumner_ is not of the Democratic party,
+because he is a regular-built Free-Soiler and Black Republican: the
+Washington _Union_ settled this point in 1852, when it uttered these
+memorable words:
+
+     "The Free-soil Democratic leaders of the North are a regular
+     portion of the Democratic party, and General Pierce, if
+     elected, will make no distinction between them and the rest of
+     the Democracy in the distribution of official patronage, and in
+     the selection of agents for administering the government."
+
+The rules of the Senate forbid personalities in debate, and it was the
+sworn duty of its Locofoco President, Mr. Bright, to have called Mr.
+Sumner to order for his abuse of Judge Butler. But as far back as thirty
+years ago, under the auspices of JOHN C. CALHOUN as presiding officer, a
+decision was made to the effect that the presiding officer of the Senate
+was neither bound nor had he the power to call Senators to order! That
+power, according to his decision, belonged wholly to the Senate
+itself----thus delivering over the minority of that body to "the tender
+mercies" of the majority! The object of Mr. CALHOUN at the time was to
+play into the hands of a combination which had been formed to break down
+the Administration of John Quincy Adams, and to cripple Henry Clay. The
+instrument used was the sarcastic, irritating, and personal rhetoric of
+John Randolph, then a member of the Senate. To this end, Randolph was
+suffered to deliver in the Senate a long succession of tirades,
+disgraceful to the Senate, abusive of New England and of Henry Clay.
+Here is a specimen of Randolph's abuse, which led to a duel between him
+and Mr. Clay:
+
+     "This man, (mankind, I crave pardon,) this worm, (little
+     animals, forgive the insult,) was raised to a higher life than
+     he was born to, for he was raised to the society of
+     blackguards. Some fortune--kind to him, cruel to us--has tossed
+     him to the Secretaryship of State. Contempt has the property of
+     descending, but stops far short of him. She would die before
+     she would reach him: he dwells below her fall. I would hate
+     him, if I did not despise him. It is not WHAT he is, but WHERE
+     he is, that puts my thoughts into action. The alphabet which
+     writes the name of Thersites, blackguard, squalidity, refuses
+     her letters for him. That mind which thinks on what it cannot
+     express, can scarcely think on him. An hyperbole for MEANNESS
+     would be an ellipsis for CLAY."
+
+This was pleasing to Mr. Calhoun and the dominant party in the Senate,
+and his decision which tolerated it never was questioned by any
+authoritative precedent, until MILLARD FILLMORE was elected
+Vice-President. With characteristic independence, he determined that a
+precedent so unreasonable and absurd should not be binding on him as the
+presiding officer of the Senate. He therefore, on assuming the duties of
+his office, delivered an address to the Senate, in which he informed
+that body that he considered it his sworn duty to preserve decorum, and
+would _reverse_ the rule which had so long prevailed, that Senators were
+not to be called to order for words spoken in debate! The Senate ordered
+this address to be entered at large on their journals, as an evidence of
+their endorsement of its doctrines; and there it is now, recorded
+evidence of the patriotism, high sense of decorum, and senatorial
+dignity of that great and good man, MILLARD FILLMORE.
+
+
+
+
+STRENGTH OF PARTIES IN TENNESSEE.
+
+OFFICIAL VOTES OF THE STATE.
+
+
+The following tables exhibit the official vote of Tennessee for
+President in 1852, for Governor in 1853, and for Governor in 1855, as
+compared at the capital of the State, and will be valuable as a table
+for reference. In the last contest, when the _Know Nothing issues_ were
+fully made, causing all the _latent blackguardism in the Democratic
+ranks to be fully developed_, it will be seen that _Andrew Johnson_
+received 67,499 votes, and _Meredith P. Gentry_ 65,342, leaving Johnson
+a majority of 2,157, a falling off of 104 votes from his majority over
+_Maj. Henry_ two years before that. It will also be perceived that the
+vote of the State at this last election is an increase of 8,260 over the
+vote two years previous. Of this increase, _Col. Gentry_ gets 4,182, his
+vote exceeding _Maj. Henry's_ by that much, while Johnson's increase
+upon his own vote two years previous was 4,078.
+
+It is a moderate calculation to say that Johnson received at least two
+thousand _foreign and illegal votes_; while we are within bounds when we
+say that at least 5,000 old-line Whigs refused to vote for _Col.
+Gentry_--demonstrating beyond all doubt that a majority of the legal
+voters of the State were opposed to Johnson and his party.
+
+In the contest now being waged, _Fillmore and Donelson_ will carry the
+State by a majority ranging from _three_ to _five_ thousand votes,
+despite the low Billingsgate slang and vile blackguardism that may be
+heaped upon them and their supporters. And as this calculation is made
+in _June_, five months in advance of the election, we must ask those
+into whose hands this work shall fall without the limits of Tennessee,
+to bear it in mind, and when they get the returns in November, to give
+us credit for our sagacity or our want of sagacity!
+
+The contest will be fierce and bitter, exceeding any former political
+battle witnessed in the State. If the orators and editors of the
+self-styled Democratic party have not greatly reformed in the space of
+one year, but little argument will be adduced, but little gentlemanly
+courtesy manifested; and instead of facts, figures and arguments, bitter
+invective, low blackguardism, and Billingsgate abuse of secret
+organizations, dark lanterns, and Protestant clergymen, will be the
+order of the day. In this _congenial_ work, all the conglomeration of
+ignorant men, foreign paupers, and fag-ends and factions, styling
+themselves _Democrats_, will engage!
+
+But to the official vote of the State:
+
+_Popular Vote of Tennessee--Official._
+
+                           EAST TENNESSEE.
+
+                      1852.              1853.                1855.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Anderson          602     267        648     379          772     333
+Bledsoe           464     209        469     303          404     361
+Blount            827     566       1146     734         1069     789
+Bradley           547     778        562    1085          644    1021
+Campbell          313     251        356     445          507     383
+Carter            585     139        721     294          768     238
+Claiborne         503     519        620     707          756     744
+Cooke             743     196        867     383          929     422
+Grainger          852     477        998     767         1327     621
+Greene            780    1301        902    1915          989    1985
+Hawkins           778     831        805    1180          887    1158
+Hamilton          774     648        786     972          966    1044
+Hancock           241     336        221     532          264     589
+Jefferson        1168     307       1396     639         1697     444
+Johnson           365      93        392     184          400     215
+Knox             1863     565       2279     770         2560     695
+McMinn            796     866        799     965          909     953
+Meigs             141     442        118     561           97     588
+Marion            453     292        476     357          554     468
+Monroe            805     847        739     900          851    1005
+Morgan            240     222        229     260          219     358
+Polk              272     470        249     527          385     676
+Rhea              300     307        270     358          298     415
+Roane             820     678        912     755         1002     769
+Sevier            621      80        824     133          964     120
+Scott             199     127        186     182          121     259
+Sullivan          260    1114        361    1407          601    1403
+Washington        565     853        967    1069          847    1338
+                                  ------  ------       ------  ------
+                                  19,298  18,763       21,787  19,394
+
+MIDDLE TENNESSEE.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Bedford          1390    1356       1359    1257        1630     1293
+Cannon            453     727        445     803         458      859
+Coffee            205     722        274     824         294      880
+Davidson         2617    2058       2597    1963        3132     1783
+De Kalb           559     588        632     610         560      738
+Dickson           323     607        357     743         388      745
+Fentress          153     411        166     504         129      616
+Franklin          330    1133        356    1224         394     1302
+Giles            1303    1447       1301    1468        1312     1439
+Grundy             44     327         58     374          22      425
+Hardin            643     808        671     827         745      775
+Hickman           241     839        263     812         223     1053
+Humphreys         263     471        341     501         354      543
+Jackson          1170     803       1154     995        1122     1131
+Lawrence          547     583        523     731         524      845
+Lewis              43     186         66     182          34      243
+Lincoln           606    2297        617    2322         402     2521
+Maury            1324    1799       1238    1731        1444     1793
+Montgomery       1260     993       1309    1004        1502      881
+Marshall          666    1340        671    1282         678     1310
+Macon             617     374        553     341         540      424
+Overton           345    1039        431    1282         290     1528
+Robertson        1013     769       1183     763        1256      804
+Rutherford       1495    1313       1407    1243        1435     1288
+Smith            1742     520       1735     546        1572      644
+Stewart           533     725        479     718         563      785
+Sumner            825    1563        806    1425         780     1740
+Van Buren         107     165        110     205          90      228
+Warren            344     922        402    1093         393     1153
+Wayne             666     380        709     430         687      535
+White             949     518        974     634         978      694
+Williamson       1583     763       1502     710        1621      688
+Wilson           2248     923       2241     995        2290      937
+                                  ------  ------      ------   ------
+                                  26,930  30,550      27,842   32,623
+
+
+WEST TENNESSEE.
+
+Counties.        Scott.  Pierce.    Henry.  Johnson.    Gentry.  Johnson.
+
+Benton            340     485        393     465         475      453
+Carroll          1498     649       1469     663        1567      694
+Decatur           400     315        408     285         353      429
+Dyer              508     411        476     373         442      483
+Fayette          1006    1034       1011    1006        1151      940
+Gibson           1570     901       1514    1024        1618     1213
+Hardeman          717    1024        651    1025         619     1123
+Henderson        1193     511       1301     593        1230      734
+Henry             899    1516        891    1496         871     1738
+Haywood           790     732        726     785         803      762
+Lauderdale        330     277        319     252         354      297
+McNairy           921     872       1016     984         915     1059
+Madison          1426     819       1261     795        1448      788
+Obion             431     644        547     792         407      865
+Perry             325     314        387     329         320      450
+Shelby           1824    1628       1545    1435        1831     1477
+Tipton            357     565        284     527         424      566
+Weakley           783    1149        733    1279         885     1411
+               ------  ------     ------  ------      ------   ------
+               58,802  57,123     14,932  14,108      15,713   15,482
+               57,123
+               ------
+Scott's
+ majority,      1,679
+
+
+    East Tennessee,               19,298  18,763      21,787   19,394
+    Middle Tennessee,             26,930  30,550      27,842   32,623
+                                  ------  ------      ------   ------
+                                  61,160  63,421      65,342   67,499
+                                          61,160               65,342
+                                          ------               ------
+          Johnson's majority               2,261                2,157
+
+
+_Fillmore and Donelson Electoral Ticket._
+
+As a matter of reference, and that none may mistake the American Ticket
+on the day of the election, we give it as agreed upon and matured by our
+party:
+
+FOR THE STATE.
+
+HON. NEILL S. BROWN, of Davidson.
+HORACE MAYNARD, of Knox.
+
+FOR THE DISTRICTS.
+
+1st District--N. G. TAYLOR, of Carter.
+2d     "      MOSES WHITE, of Knox.
+3d     "      REESE B. BRABSON, of Hamilton.
+4th    "      W. P. HICKERSON, of Coffee.
+5th    "      ROBERT HATTON, of Wilson.
+6th    "      W. H. WISENER, of Bedford.
+7th    "      C. C. CROWE, of Giles.
+8th    "      J. M. QUARLES, of Montgomery.
+9th    "      ISAAC R. HAWKINS, of Carroll.
+10th   "      JOSEPH R. MOSBY, of Fayette.
+
+This is an able ticket, and greatly superior to the opposing ticket, as
+our readers will bear us witness when they hear the parties in debate.
+Most of these gentlemen have consented to serve on the ticket at great
+personal sacrifices; and like their chief, Mr. FILLMORE, they have
+undertaken to serve their party and country "without waiting to inquire
+of its prospects of success or defeat." And all the reward they seek is
+to be able to conduct the struggle to a victorious consummation in
+Tennessee, and this we feel confident they will do. The battle in
+Tennessee will be hotly contested, but it is by no means doubtful.
+Tennessee for the last twenty years, and in five preceding presidential
+contests, has refused to range herself under the black banner of
+Locofocoism; and now that that banner is doubly infamous by being raised
+and cheered by Catholics, foreigners, and paupers of every clime, it is
+fair to presume she will spurn the flag!
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK REPUBLICAN NOMINEES.
+
+
+The Black Republican Party, in their recent Convention at Philadelphia,
+have nominated JOHN CHARLES FREMONT, of California, for the Presidency,
+and Ex-Senator WILLIAM L. DAYTON, of New Jersey, for the Vice
+Presidency!
+
+This man Fremont is no statesman--has no experience in political
+life--has not the first qualification for this eminent and responsible
+station--and his nomination has not been made upon any plausible pretext
+whatever. He is an Engineer by profession--once penetrated with his
+companions to the Pacific coast, across the Rocky Mountains--is the
+son-in-law of _Tom Benton_--is a Free Trade Locofoco, and an avowed Free
+Soiler.
+
+The following letter addressed by Fremont to the great Tabernacle
+Abolition meeting in New York, last spring, is full and explicit, and
+defines his position on the slavery question:
+
+                                    "NEW YORK, April 29, 1856.
+
+     "GENTLEMEN: I have to thank you for the honor of an invitation
+     to a meeting this evening at the Broadway Tabernacle, and
+     regret that other engagements have interfered to prevent my
+     being present.
+
+     "I heartily concur in all movements which have for their object
+     'to repair the mischiefs arising from the violation of good
+     faith in the repeal of the Missouri Compromise.' I am opposed
+     to slavery in the abstract and upon principle, sustained and
+     made habitual by long-settled convictions.
+
+     "While I feel inflexible in the belief that it ought not to be
+     interfered with where it exists under the shield of State
+     sovereignty, I am as inflexibly opposed to its extension on
+     this continent beyond its present limits.
+
+     "With the assurance of regard for yourselves,
+
+                                     "I am very respectfully yours,
+
+                                         "J. C. FREMONT."
+
+     "Messrs. J. D. Morgan and others."
+
+In addition to this, Fremont is the representative of _aggression_: he
+is a _Filibuster_, and the exponent of a civilization above all
+constitutions, and all laws. The fact that Seward, Chase, Giddings, and
+such men--able anti-slavery men, and experienced politicians, were
+passed over, is proof that they were not governed by _principle_, but
+seek to shift the issue, and to make it personal and sectional. Take
+into the account, moreover, the fact that Dayton, a man of moderate
+talents, is a sort of _Protective Tariff Locofoco_, the advocate of
+Foreign Pauper labor, and the largest liberty for _Catholics_, and it
+gives to the ticket a considerable degree of interest.
+
+The leading men in the Convention were reckless and unprincipled
+demagogues, of the Locofoco school of politics, including the British
+Free Trade policy, Filibusterism, etc., whose only aim is place and
+plunder. Their Free-soil principles, outside of their radical purposes,
+are scarcely skin deep!
+
+By many well-informed men, no doubts are entertained now, that the
+nomination of Fremont and Dayton has been the result of an intrigue
+between Seward and Archbishop Hughes; and from a resolution of their
+platform, as reported by the Committee on Resolutions, we attach credit
+to this inference. It will bring the Buchanan party at the North to
+terms, as they are likely to be the only sufferers from this ticket. It
+will be managed in future alone with an eye to the _aid_ of Buchanan!
+
+We take the following notice of Fremont from the Charleston (S. C.)
+Standard, and consider it every way reliable:
+
+     "Mr. Fremont will be destined to play a distinguished part in
+     the drama, and his history and character therefore will,
+     doubtless, become subjects of considerable importance. He is
+     generally regarded as a native of Charleston, but of this we
+     have occasion to doubt. Many gentlemen here, who knew him in
+     early life, concur in saying that he was born in Savannah. Up
+     to within a short time prior to his birth, his mother was a
+     resident of Norfolk, in Virginia, and it is generally asserted
+     that his parents resided in Savannah before they became settled
+     in Charleston; however this may have been, it is at least
+     conceded that he first came into notice in this city. His
+     prospects here were not particularly promising, but he
+     attracted the attention of some philanthropic gentlemen, who
+     provided the means for his entrance and instruction in the
+     Charleston College. His progress there was not remarkable, and
+     when his class graduated he was not considered entitled to a
+     diploma. He was afterwards recommended as a proper person to
+     take charge of the night-school of the Apprentices' Library
+     Association; but, though his attainments were sufficient, and
+     his address particularly acceptable to the Directors of that
+     Institution, he was not as attentive as he might have been, and
+     the school fell through. He afterwards procured, through Mr.
+     Poinsett, a situation as instructor of junior officers on board
+     a vessel of war bound to the Pacific, and in this condition is
+     said to have acquitted himself well. He afterwards acquired
+     some knowledge of civil engineering, and filling unimportant
+     positions in connection with one and another public work, was
+     at length brought to notice and distinction by his connection
+     with Mr. Nicholet in his Survey of the Mississippi Valley, and
+     from that marched steadily on to the Rocky Mountains, and a
+     renown that has placed his name before the country.
+
+     "From the records of his early life, it would seem that he had
+     talent, and was quite addicted to naval reading, but was
+     wayward, and if not indolent, was inefficient in the tasks
+     undertaken at the instance of other people, and up to the time
+     of his entrance upon his duties as instructor in the naval
+     school, had hardly made up his mind whether he would be a man
+     of character or a blackguard. He was fond of dress, however,
+     and the records of the court still show that he wore a suit of
+     clothes which he was afterwards compelled to declare on oath
+     his inability to pay for, in order to avoid inconvenient
+     restrictions upon his personal liberty; but chance gave a
+     proper direction to his abilities; he had the latent energy of
+     character to act up to his opportunities, and he has really
+     presented a career which any one might regard with
+     satisfaction. It is certainly to be regretted that he should
+     lend himself to the uses of a party so reckless and subversive,
+     not only of the Union but of the rights of that section to
+     which, if capable of sentiments of patriotism, he might be
+     supposed to feel attachment; but the prospect of the Presidency
+     would be a sore trial to the probity of most men, and we find
+     nothing in the antecedents of Mr. Fremont to cause a feeling of
+     disappointment that he should yield to the allurements of
+     power.
+
+     "He is commended for his attentions to his mother, and they
+     were certainly exemplary. She was poor, and after he determined
+     to behave himself and work like a man, he made her as entirely
+     comfortable as there was the reason to believe his
+     circumstances permitted."
+
+POSTSCRIPT.--Mr. Fremont turns out to be a Roman Catholic, and to have
+been raised one, and this explains the readiness of Bishop Hughes to
+abandon Buchanan, and go over to Fremont. It also explains why it is
+that so many _German Catholic papers_ are coming out for Fremont, in the
+large cities, and in the North-Western States.
+
+In 1850, Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, for the space
+of about three months, and during that time sought to introduce a
+Catholic Priest to open their services with prayers, and was successful
+to some extent. He also attended service at the Catholic Church. The
+_Washington Star_, of the 19th June, 1856, gives the following
+exposition of facts, in reference to Fremont and his religion:
+
+     "A SORT OF A CATHOLIC.--We take it for granted that among the
+     informal pledges extracted by delegations in George Law's
+     Convention, from Col. Fremont, there was not one against the
+     Catholic Church; insomuch as, up to the recent birth of his
+     aspirations for the Presidency, he always passed in Washington
+     for a good enough outside Roman Catholic; that being the Church
+     in which he was reared. He was married in this city, it will be
+     remembered, by Father Van Horseigh, a clergyman of his
+     Church--not of that of his wife's family."
+
+The Republicans sought to incorporate into their platform a plank in
+opposition to the _Religious Proscription_ of the American party, so as
+to suit the taste of Romanists generally; but Thaddeus Stevens, who
+knows Pennsylvania as well as any man living, implored them not to do
+so, and stated that such a course, with Fremont as their nominee, would
+lose them Pennsylvania by 50,000 votes!
+
+It turns out, however, that Fremont, as the anti-American,
+anti-Protestant candidate, with Mr. Dayton on the ticket, equally
+anti-American, and devoted to Romanism, will sweep the Catholic vote in
+the United States. Catholics may favor Buchanan in such Southern States
+as do not run a Fremont ticket, but in all the Northern and
+North-Western States, the Fremont ticket will ruin the Buchanan ticket.
+
+This question, taken in connection with the Slavery issue, and the
+Filibustering issue, narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore
+and Fremont. Buchanan is defeated, and the Southern fire-eaters see and
+feel it! The _Atlanta_ (Ga.) _Intelligencer_ comes out and states, that
+if Buchanan can't be elected, it prefers Fremont to Fillmore! And the
+South Carolina and Mississippi Disunionists openly avow, that they wish
+this to be the last contest of the kind. They are for Buchanan or
+Fremont, over Fillmore, because they believe the election of either will
+have the glorious effect to bring about a dissolution of the Union! In
+the same breath they admit that Fillmore will labor to perpetuate the
+Union, and that his election will have the effect to prolong its
+existence a few brief years!
+
+Southern men, and Northern men, Union men, and national, conservative
+men, of all parties, can now see _where_ we are driving to, and _who_
+they should support for the Presidency. Let them guard against these
+demons of Popery--these incarnate fiends of the Free Soil faith--these
+fanatics of a sectional cast--these slimy vultures of Secession--these
+bogus Democrats--and these infinitely infernal traitors to the
+Constitution and the Union!
+
+     "Col. Fremont was educated in and graduated from St. Mary's
+     College, in Baltimore, a Roman Catholic Institution. He was
+     brought up in the Catholic Faith, and is a Catholic. He married
+     a daughter of Col. Benton. Miss Benton was a Presbyterian. They
+     were married by a clergyman of that denomination; but a
+     Catholic priest made a fuss about it as being null, void, and
+     heretical, and the ceremony was re-performed by him!"--_Auburn
+     American._
+
+The _American_ might have added, that Fremont is the son of a _Catholic
+Frenchman_, the son of a _Catholic mother_, and was reared under
+Catholic influence. Nay, Fremont educates his children at the Roman
+Catholic Institution at Georgetown, in the District of Columbia! The
+placing of such a candidate before the public, seems especially designed
+to defy public sentiment, and mock the Protestant American feeling of
+the country! We had expected the Catholics, with Bishop Hughes at their
+head, in a few years more, to come out openly, and run a Catholic for
+the Presidency, but we had not supposed them bold enough to attempt it
+in 1856. To show beyond all doubt that the nomination of Fremont was the
+result of a coalition between Seward and Hughes, more in reference to
+the _Catholic question_ than the _Slavery issue_, we present the record
+of Fremont in the United States Senate--his _ultra-Pro-Slavery
+course_--his voting against justice to the Colonization Society, and
+_seven hundred and fifty_ captured slaves--his opposition to the
+abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia!
+
+
+HE IS EXTREME SOUTHERN AND PRO-SLAVERY.
+
+John C. Fremont held a seat in the United States Senate, in 1850, for
+the space of a few months. During that time he made no speeches; indeed,
+he has scarcely ever been known to utter any sentiments, or sanction any
+opinions. Yet his votes, as a member of the Senate, did make for him a
+record; and it is this record that will stare him in the face as long as
+he lives--a record in direct conflict with his present professions and
+position before the country:
+
+     LOOK AT IT!--JOHN C. FREMONT'S STATESMANSHIP.
+
+     [From the Congressional Globe--Vol. 21, part 2d, p. 1803, etc.]
+
+                        "IN SENATE OF UNITED STATES, Sept. 11, 1850.
+
+     "Mr. Underwood, of Kentucky, called up the bill for the relief
+     of the American Colonization Society. The slaves that were
+     recaptured on the barque Pons were turned over to the
+     Colonization Society, by the authority of the United States,
+     sent to Liberia, and there kept at the expense of the society
+     for one or two years. Most of them were children of twelve,
+     fifteen, and sixteen years of age. The society thinks that the
+     expense of feeding, clothing, and educating these people, which
+     was thus devolved on them by the action of the Government,
+     ought to be repaid them. It was certainly an expense incurred
+     by the society, through the action of the Government in
+     throwing these young negroes upon them for maintenance, instead
+     of taking them, as the Government was bound to do by law, and
+     providing for them. That is the nature of the claim. They
+     simply ask that so much shall be paid them as the society, from
+     its own experience, pays in reference to its own emigrants. The
+     claim was reported upon favorably two years ago. A similar
+     report has again been made; and as the necessities of the
+     society require that they should have the money, I hope, said
+     Mr. U., the Senate will consent to take up the bill. The Senate
+     agreed to take up the bill, and proceeded to consider it as in
+     Committee of the Whole.
+
+     "Mr. Turney asked for the reading of the report of the
+     Committee.
+
+     "The Secretary read the report accordingly. It sets forth that
+     a liberal construction of the act of Congress of March 3d,
+     1819, would require that the Government should provide for the
+     support of these recaptured Africans, for a reasonable time
+     after they had been landed in Liberia, and that it is beneath
+     the dignity of the Government to devolve this duty upon the
+     society. The petition of the executive committee of the society
+     which the Committee incorporated in their report, states that
+     on the 16th of December, 1845, the United States Ship Yorktown,
+     Commodore Bell, landed at Monrovia, in Liberia, from the slaver
+     Pons, seven hundred and fifty recaptured Africans, in a naked,
+     starving, and dying condition, all of them excepting twenty-one
+     being under the age of twenty-one. The United States made no
+     provision for their support after they were landed....
+
+     "The services of providing for the destitute negroes were not
+     required to be performed by the society under their
+     constitution, but the alternative was to leave these recaptured
+     Africans to starve and die, and the society therefore
+     cheerfully took charge of them, relying upon the Government of
+     the United States to refund the cost to them."
+
+The question was discussed at length as to whether the United States
+would pay these just and legal demands; and on the vote being taken for
+the engrossment of the bill to a third reading, Mr. Fremont's name is
+found recorded in the negative--as follows:
+
+     "YEAS--Messrs. Badger, Baldwin, Bell, Chase, Clayton, Davis of
+     Mass., DAYTON, Dodge of Wis., Dodge of Iowa, Douglass, Ewing,
+     Felch, Greene, Hale, Hamlin, Jones, Mangum, Pearce, Pratt,
+     Seward, Shields, Smith, Spruance, Sturgeon, Underwood, Wales,
+     Walker, Whitcomb, and Winthrop--29.
+
+     "NAYS--Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Benton, Butler, Dawson,
+     Dickinson, Downs, FREMONT, Hunter, King, Mason, Rusk,
+     Sebastian, Soule, Turner, and Yulee--16."
+
+LOOK AGAIN!--On the 18th day of September, 1850, the bill to prevent
+persons from enticing away slaves from the District of Columbia was
+under consideration, and John P. Hale "moved that it be committed to the
+Committee on the District of Columbia, with instructions _to so amend it
+as to_ ABOLISH SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA." On the vote being
+taken, FREMONT'S name was recorded in the NEGATIVE. (See Cong. Globe,
+31st Congress, part 2, p. 1859.)
+
+Such is Mr. Fremont's _record of Statesmanship_. It shows his nomination
+by the "_Republicans_" to have been a hollow mockery--"a dishonest
+farce,"--an insult to the intelligence of the American people.
+
+We shall hereafter pursue the record of this "remarkable man."
+
+Bishop Hughes and Wm. H. Seward have been, for years, intimate personal
+and political friends. It is a part of the political history of New
+York, that Seward is alone indebted to Hughes for his reelection to the
+United States Senate. They are both now united in the support of
+Fremont, and they procured his nomination over Judge McLean, a pure and
+patriotic man--for many years a _Methodist Class-Leader_, and an officer
+of a _Protestant Bible Society_.
+
+The coalition between Hughes, Seward and Fremont, is complete, and the
+evidence of the foul coalition and conspiracy will appear in full, in a
+few days, but not in time for us to get it into this work. We are right
+glad of it, as it narrows the contest down to one between Fillmore and
+Fremont, and especially at the North.
+
+In some of the Northern States, it is now conclusive that a _Buchanan_
+ticket will not be run, while in every Northern State where such a
+ticket is run, it will be with no hope of success! Hughes and Seward
+will induce several States to drop Buchanan, and unite on Fremont, by
+_bargaining_ with them, and obligating themselves to give the Democracy
+half of the spoils. Already several _Southern_ Democratic papers are
+saying, that if they can't elect Buchanan, they prefer Fremont to
+Fillmore! This ought to open the eyes of all true patriots.
+
+
+
+
+OLD LINE WHIGS, AND THE MOTIVES GOVERNING SOME OF THEM!
+
+
+In this free country of ours, gentlemen have a right to support any
+Presidential or other ticket they may choose to support; and where they
+are governed by pure motives in differing from a majority of their
+neighbors and old political associates, no one has a right to complain.
+
+Some few gentlemen, known as "Old Line Whigs," will not come into the
+support of the American ticket, but will even support the Democratic
+ticket; and do it from an honest (though mistaken) belief that they can
+most effectually serve the interests of the country by this course. With
+such, we shall be the last man to raise a quarrel--claiming the right to
+do as we please in matters of the sort. But there are some men in the
+ranks of the enemy now, who are governed by very different motives; and
+as these are quoted against the American party, or, as their refusal to
+act with the party is a matter of _boasting_ in the Democratic ranks, it
+is due to the cause of truth, and of the country, that they should be
+understood, that their efforts may be _appreciated_.
+
+Without intending to be tedious, we name JAMES C. JONES, of Tennessee,
+as at the head of the list of _Old Liners_, whose devotion to the
+_South_, and love of _liberty_, prevent him from supporting Fillmore and
+Donelson. This is the veriest _stuff_ in the political world! Gov. Jones
+cannot excuse the matter of his opposition to Millard Fillmore upon the
+grounds he rests the case, in his Circular addressed to his
+constituents. The true secret of the matter must come to light, that old
+Whigs and new Whigs, Americans and Democrats, may appreciate his
+motives.
+
+Last fall, at the Fair in Jackson, in West Tennessee, in the house and
+at the bedside of ANDREW GUTHRIE, on being inquired of as to his future
+course, the Governor became very much excited, and roundly asserted,
+that if the American party nominated _Fillmore_, he should go against
+him. ==> _Because Fillmore, in his appointment of persons to office in
+Tennessee, did not consult him, but in many cases appointed his personal
+enemies!_ Mark, he did not pause to inquire _who_ might be the opposing
+candidate to Mr. Fillmore. He was not then, as he is not now, governed
+by any _principle_ in the matter, but by _passion_. He is _against Mr.
+Fillmore_, under all circumstances, no matter who may oppose him! And
+why? Because Mr. Fillmore did not suffer him to put his numerous _active
+friends_ into fat offices under the General Government; to many of whom
+he had made pledges while he was struggling for a seat in the United
+States Senate--where he ought never to have gone, and where the better
+portion of those who aided in his election now regret having sent him!
+
+But it is true, Fillmore and his Cabinet did refuse the extravagant
+demands made for office by the Governor; and in no single instance did
+they appoint men to office from Tennessee without consultation with
+BELL, GENTRY, and WILLIAMS; all three of whom were offensive to _Jones_.
+They had proven themselves to be worthy of consultation; the Governor
+had not! This accounts, moreover, for the efforts of Jones at Baltimore
+to defeat the nomination of Fillmore, and to procure the nomination of
+Scott--efforts which, unfortunately for the country, were but too
+successful!
+
+When the American party was organized in Tennessee, JONES had no
+objection to the creed, and would have fallen into the ranks, but then
+he beheld _Gentry_ and _Brownlow_ in the party--men whom he despised
+above all others. He tried to prevent the nomination of Gentry for
+Governor by letter-writing, and by seeking to get up a _Whig_
+Convention. Failing in these schemes, he threw himself into the arena,
+and _secretly_ damaged Gentry all he could, and played into the hands of
+Johnson, who was only elected by a majority of some _two thousand
+votes_!
+
+We are not informed as to the course Gov. Jones will pursue in this
+contest, further than this, he will go against Fillmore. We predict that
+he will support Buchanan. _Pride of character_ may keep him from it--if
+he have any of that commodity left, after his five years' residence at
+Washington! The platform upon which Buchanan has been placed by the
+Cincinnati Convention, is a reiteration of violent and undying hostility
+to every measure of public policy that was advocated by HENRY CLAY and
+the Old Whig party. Jones still _professes_ an equally undying devotion
+to Clay and his principles. Moreover, Jones has, on every stump in
+Tennessee, held up Buchanan as a _rank old Federalist_, a Pennsylvania
+_Abolitionist_, and as the _wicked traducer_, _violent calumniator_, and
+_malignant persecutor_ of Henry Clay--even attributing his promotion to
+the Secretaryship of State, by Mr. Polk, to his _infamous agency_ in
+fastening upon Mr. Clay the foul charge of "bargain, intrigue, and
+corruption." We confess that we are at a loss to see how Jones can fall
+into the support of Buchanan. The _nomination_ of the man is a direct
+insult to Old Clay Whigs!
+
+ALBERT G. WATKINS, the Representative in Congress from the First
+Congressional District of Tennessee, has gone over to Democracy, placing
+his change upon the ground of his _great concern for the South_! We take
+it that he will support Buchanan without hesitancy. This would place
+Watkins before the country in his true colors, and reflect the likeness
+of the man with _daguerreotype_ accuracy!! With such a platform, and
+such a candidate on it, Watkins would have the appearance of a man
+walking in one direction, with his head turned completely around, and
+his face looking the other way! The incongruity of the platform, and the
+peculiar reputation of Buchanan for political inconsistency, are alike
+adapted to the history and incidents of Watkins's late canvass for
+Congress! The plain truth is, that the man so completely destroyed
+himself, and was so ruinously exposed by his competitor, COL. TAYLOR,
+whom he beat only some two hundred votes, (and that by means that make
+his seat in Congress one of _thorns_,) that he could but go over to
+Locofocoism. And although he has, in former days, held up Buchanan on
+the stump as an old Federalist, and as the reviler and persecutor of
+Henry Clay, he can advocate him now with a better grace than he can look
+his Know Nothing constituents in the face! We cannot say of this man as
+Pope said of Craggs:
+
+    "Broke no promise, served no private end,
+    Gained no title, and who lost no friend."
+
+WILLIAM G. SWAN, of Knoxville, is next on the list of "Old Line Whigs"
+who have gone over to the Foreign Catholic Democratic party, and of
+whose conversion the Democrats at a distance boast. Here they do not
+brag; but on the other hand, some of the leaders, whose names we can
+supply, authorize us to state that they do not want him, and will not
+receive him. This man was twice beaten for the Legislature in this
+county--never elected by the people to any position outside of
+Knoxville--and became soured at the Whig party. He went for _Johnson and
+Sag Nichtism_ last summer, and his loss is not regretted by the American
+party in this county.
+
+But JOHN H. CROZIER, of Knoxville, has gone over to "Old Buck" and his
+admirers; and this is claimed as a change! This little man, _supremely
+selfish_, was turned out of Congress five years ago, by JOSIAH M.
+ANDERSON, with the people at his back, for _taking too much mileage_, by
+several hundred dollars per session, for four years! He afterwards
+desired the Whig party to run him for Governor; but they were not
+willing to undertake the _load_. He became soured, and last summer paid
+a visit to some of the counties below, to avoid, as was believed, voting
+for Gentry for Governor, and Sneed for Congress. He was formerly very
+bitter in his opposition to Democracy; and on many a stump has he
+denounced _Buchanan_, and all others concerned in the "bargain and
+intrigue" slander of Clay, besides holding up "Buck" as a Blue-light
+Federalist! At a recent Buchanan Ratification meeting in Knoxville, he
+made a bitter speech against the American party!
+
+These two men, Swan and Crozier, were active in getting up an
+organization against us, in 1849, by heading a company which purchased
+the "_Register Establishment_," of this city, at the head of which they
+placed one _john miller m'kee_, behind whom they and others concealed
+themselves and wrote violent and abusive articles, through a controversy
+of two years. Driving the whole of them to the wall, as we did, in the
+controversy, they determined to _mob and tear down our office_; and with
+a view to this, those concerned deposited their _guns_, and other
+"implements of husbandry," in the law office jointly occupied by these
+two men, who have operated as _twin brothers_ for several years--each
+sympathizing with the other in his political defeats! Those concerned
+were deterred from this contemplated and well-arranged assault upon our
+office, by COL. LUTTRELL, the Comptroller of the State, and other
+gentlemen of nerve, arming themselves with shot-guns, pistols, and
+hatchets, and taking their stand at our office!
+
+Nothing daunted by this defeat, these _gallant_ lawyers, and
+_generous_--not to say _brave_--opponents betook themselves to the
+county of Anderson, in this Judicial Circuit, and with great difficulty
+got up an indictment against us, under an old statute, forgotten by
+gentlemen of the bar, for _advertising a Baltimore lottery scheme_; when
+they themselves, and their relatives, were dealing in the _Art Union
+lottery_ in this city! They were most signally defeated in that
+indictment; and, together with the two Williamses, brothers-in-law of
+Crozier, sought to drive the business men of the place, and others, from
+advertising in our paper, or subscribing for it. Failing in this, they
+sought to prevent us from getting the Government advertising under
+Fillmore's administration; and in this they failed, though this is the
+ground of their hostility to Fillmore and his Cabinet, as well as to
+John Bell, M. P. Gentry, and C. H. Williams.
+
+The _Register_ fell through--was sold under the hammer for _twenty-two
+hundred dollars_--McKee ran away--and the company have had about FIVE
+THOUSAND DOLLARS to pay for him, which hurts prodigiously! Our WHIG has
+steadily increased in favor with the people, and its circulation is now
+THE RISE OF FIVE THOUSAND--being the largest circulation that any
+political or other journal ever attained in East Tennessee! Indeed, no
+political weekly in Tennessee now has, or ever did have, a circulation
+equal to "BROWNLOW'S KNOXVILLE WHIG."
+
+A young man calling himself _Luther Patterson_, has been conducting a
+foreign Sag Nicht sheet at Kingston, called the "Gazetteer," and which
+has gone by the board for the want of patronage. This little eight by
+ten sheet has been editorially, and by means of anonymous
+communications, assaulting the writer of this work, and the editor of
+the _Register_, MR. FLEMING. Patterson paid a recent visit to this
+place; at which time Fleming met with him on the street, and publicly
+chastised him, applying the toe of a stiff boot to the _west end_ of his
+person, with some force. Patterson turned about and boasted in his paper
+that he had the best of the fight. Our paper and Fleming's corrected
+this false version of the affair, and gave the facts; whereupon
+Patterson sued out a writ in the Circuit Court for Fleming, for damages
+done to his person in said rencontre, laying his damages at $5,000!
+Shortly after this he instituted a civil action against the publishers
+of the paper we edit, and another against us for the article we wrote
+against him; and these suits are now pending.
+
+These two _gallant_ attorneys, as we are informed, are employed as
+counsel by Patterson--a young man who has no visible means of paying
+lawyers, but the _eagerness_ of these gentlemen to get after us would
+lead them to "work for nothing and find themselves." In addition to
+their several civil suits against several of us, they have sent their
+man before the Grand Jury of Knox county, and made a presentment against
+us for having _out-wrote_ their Sag Nicht editor! The object of these
+suits against the editors and publishers of the American papers here, is
+to _gag_ them, or to check their influence in this contest. But they
+have mistaken their men. Like other vipers, they will find, before these
+matters end, that they bite a file--a file of good _American_ steel, and
+tempered to that degree of hardness that all their malignity, intense
+and active as it is known to be, will not be able to prevail against it!
+
+When we came to this city of Knoxville, in 1849, we sold our office at
+Jonesborough, at private sale, to pay a _security debt_, and purchased a
+new press and materials on a credit. These we sent on to the care of
+WILLIAMS & CO., the brothers-in-law of Crozier, who kept about the only
+commission and forwarding house in Knoxville. We were detained at
+Jonesborough four weeks by close confinement to our bed; and our
+materials arriving here, these "Old Line Whigs," who had always
+professed friendship toward us, refused to give them house-room; and had
+not JAMES W. NELSON and others stepped forward and paid the charges, and
+procured a house for them, the steamboat captain would have sold them
+out for the carriage!
+
+These _magnanimous_ gentlemen, members of the learned profession of the
+law, next contrived, through certain influences they brought to bear,
+to turn us out of the only office we could rent in the city, and thus
+they drove us _without the limits of the Corporation_, and compelled us
+to erect a temporary office upon our own lot, which we had bought on a
+credit. They were now at the end of their row. One was a candidate for
+Congress, the other for a seat in the Legislature. We pitched into both,
+and they were both defeated; but we do not claim that it was through our
+influence. Like Cardinal Wolsey, however, they both had to bid
+"farewell, a long farewell, to all their greatness." From the pinnacle
+of Congressional and Legislative honors, they have been precipitated to
+the shades of private life, and to political obscurity. Their chief
+ambition now is, to play "fantastic tricks" in courts of justice, and
+before grand jurors, in the way of annoying those they have neither the
+_manliness_ nor _courage_ to call to an account upon their own hooks!
+
+The established usage of _gentlemen_, when offended by a newspaper
+editor, is to exact personal satisfaction. To acknowledge that you are
+personally aggrieved, and then to retort in tricks behind the offender's
+back, or words behind your privileges at the Bar, is to acknowledge that
+one is either a _fool_ or a _coward_--perhaps both. A chief object in
+this crusade against us is to gag us during this campaign, and kill us
+off from the stump and the press; but they have certainly studied our
+character to but little purpose. And whatever line of policy their
+prompters and associates of the Locofoco school may urge upon them, let
+them be assured that they cannot muzzle criticism of their personal or
+political delinquencies. It is a sacred duty to unmask the _renegade_,
+to expose the _traitor_, and to hold up the _demagogue_ to public
+reprobation. That duty will be performed freely and fearlessly, by the
+author of this work, come weal or come woe. If these two "Knights of the
+Rueful Countenance" kill and eat a dozen Know Nothings, we know one
+member of the Order they will not affright into silence. For their
+cowardly assaults and their officious intermeddlings they may bare their
+backs to the lash. We will be with them to the bitter end, and will only
+forsake them in the _Gethsemane_ of their retreat!
+
+Had we come here with press and type, in 1849, and agreed to be
+controlled by these men and their particular friends, we could have been
+_the_ man for the times. Had we stooped to flirt and coquette and fawn
+and dance around these men, we could have had their endorsement, their
+influence, and their money, to any reasonable extent. But we neither
+sought their friendship, nor coveted their adulations. We claim to have
+been made of such inflexible materials, as not readily to go through the
+transmutations necessary to secure the kind regards of these men. We are
+no office-seeker, and desire no reward beyond the consciousness of
+having performed our duty, and of having served our country to the best
+of our ability.
+
+We take this occasion to repeat what we have heretofore said in our
+journal, that nearly every prominent man in the country, calling himself
+an "Old Line Whig," and now opposed to Fillmore and Donelson, is
+influenced by personal grievances, or a desire to get office--matters
+with which the people have not the slightest concern. Their opposition
+to the American ticket proceeds from personal hostility, either to the
+candidates, some of the electoral candidates, or certain prominent
+advocates of the ticket, and from no less unworthy motives. Of course
+there are exceptions to this rule.
+
+The idea of an Old Clay Whig supporting the Buchanan ticket is both
+absurd and ridiculous. To say nothing of the foul and malignant charge
+of "bargain, intrigue, and corruption," Buchanan labored to fasten upon
+Clay, the Platform upon which the Cincinnati Convention has placed
+Buchanan repudiates every principle Clay contended for, and held as
+sacred to the day of his death. On the contrary, the American party has
+not ignored one political tenet held by the Whig party, but has added
+new ones; none of which are at war with the creed of Clay, or the
+Constitution of our country! To make short work of a long story, no man
+who ever was a _true Whig_, and acted with that party _from principle_,
+can consistently go over to the _bogus_ Democracy of this day, and vote
+for Buchanan and Breckenridge!
+
+Talk about a Clay Whig turning Sag Nicht! What an idea! What principle
+does this Foreign Democratic party hold, that an Old Line Whig, or a
+conservative man, North or South, does not disapprove? What principles
+have they ever held, the evil effects of which are not now standing out
+in bold relief as a monument of their shame, and to which they have
+added the unpardonable sin of making war upon NATIVE AMERICAN
+PROTESTANTS?
+
+In conclusion, the reader will please allow a few remarks PERSONAL to
+the writer, and he is done--leaving the public to make their own
+comments, and their own disposition of both this book and its author.
+Our life has been a public life--our cause a public cause. We have our
+faults, as most men have; and we have committed some errors, as most men
+have. Our few acts of goodness and virtue, if any, we leave others to
+hunt up; our faults are subjects of criticism, and are viewed with a
+_jaundiced eye_ by our opponents. Through a course of _eighteen years_
+of editorial invective, (whether right or wrong,) we claim to have been
+actuated by none other than the best of motives. We have never been
+prompted by ambition, malice, or a desire to make money. Our voice,
+which has echoed over many hills and through many valleys, has never
+been heard in extenuation of guilt; has never been heard to plead the
+cause of the gambler, the swearer, the drunkard, the robber, or the
+assassin. Wherever vice has lifted its "seven heads and ten
+horns"--wherever fraud has showed its thieving hand--wherever gambling
+has displayed its rotten heart--wherever demagogues have sought to
+impose on the honest people--there have we tried to be conspicuous; not
+as their aider and abettor, but as their scourge, their accuser, and
+their unrelenting foe. And among this class of men are our most bitter
+foes. What friends we have are to be found at the fireside of
+virtue--among sober, sedate, and thinking men, and among the brave and
+honorable. We have never been the slave or sycophant of any man or
+party, as our immense band of subscribers, numbering thousands, will
+bear us witness.
+
+And now, AMERICANS, while we look forward to the future with pleasing
+anticipations--while we rejoice in prospect of the final triumph of
+wisdom, of reason, and of virtue, over audacious ignorance, palpable
+corruption, canting hypocrisy, and caballing Democracy--God forbid that
+we should indulge the vain idea that we have nothing to do! Let every
+friend of American rights and Protestant liberties take a bold, a
+decided stand, vowing most solemnly that he will have no fellowship at
+the ballot-box with the friends of that unpitying monster, a DEMOCRATIC
+PAPAL HIERARCHY! Be active, be vigilant, and persevering, and the day is
+ultimately ours!
+
+    "Strike till the last armed foe expires;
+    Strike for your altars and your fires;
+    Strike for the green graves of your sires,
+        God, and your native land!"
+
+
+
+
+TO STEPHEN TRIBBLE--LETTER No. 2.
+
+
+SIR:--On the night of the 9th of June, 1856, you held forth in the
+Court-House in Charleston, Mo., taking myself, _Rev. Josiah McCrary_,
+the Methodist stationed preacher of that town, and Methodists generally,
+for your text. It would seem that the _touch_ I gave you, and a letter
+of mine read before a large congregation in Charleston, on Sabbath
+evening, June 8th, _have fully developed all the latent blackguardism of
+your early training and corrupt nature_! I will now place the record of
+your _infamy_ before the world in such a permanent form, and circulate
+it so extensively, that your low Billingsgate and vile blackguardism can
+never harm any man or sect. I will make such a showing of you that no
+persons of refined feelings or of any pride of character will hear you
+preach or entertain you in future! I will remind many readers of the
+showing up of your infamous character and conduct, by the editor of the
+Louisville Journal, ten or twelve years ago, and of the exposure of your
+villainous conduct by the _Rev. Mr. McNutt_, of Kentucky, through the
+Nashville Advocate, some eight or nine years ago.
+
+I will only add the following article from my paper of the 21st June,
+1856, as it completes your record, so far as Tennessee is concerned. I
+will only add, that you were driven out of McMinn County in East
+Tennessee, where you were preaching, lying, and drinking whiskey, years
+ago. There and then, too, the records of the Sullivan County affair,
+certified to by the Clerk, were produced against you! But to the article
+from my late paper:
+
+
+STEPHEN TRIBBLE AGAIN.
+
+This old hypocrite and scoundrel has been denying in the pulpit that he
+was ever convicted of manslaughter or branded! It turns out, also, that
+the old villain once joined the American party in West Tennessee! And
+last, but not least, it seems that he was turned out of both the
+Methodist and Presbyterian Churches before he became a Campbellite
+preacher. A pretty disciple to be abusing honest men! But to the law and
+to the testimony:
+
+                                    "ROANE COUNTY, June 3d, 1856.
+
+     "SIR:--In your issue of the 14th of May, you notice _Stephen
+     Tribble_, and ask for information concerning him. He came to
+     the lower end of Roane county from one of the upper counties of
+     East Tennessee, and passed himself for an Arian preacher. I
+     objected to his preaching in a meeting-house, and came near
+     getting myself into a scrape. About that time a gentleman came
+     from our upper country, and said he had seen his father apply
+     the branding-iron to Tribble, and the smoke rose ten feet high!
+     I then began to play on a harp of one string against him, and
+     that was _a tribble_, whereupon he left between two days for
+     Kentucky! He was once expelled from the Methodist Church, and
+     afterwards he was expelled from the Presbyterian Church. If
+     Tribble disputes what I say, all I ask is a chance to prove it.
+     I live ten miles south of Kingston, near Barnardsville. Yours
+     truly,
+
+                                    "JOHN BLAIR."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+                                    "PARIS, TENN., June 6th, 1856.
+
+     "DEAR SIR:--I see in a late issue of yours that you are after a
+     Reverend wolf, Stephen Tribble. I am personally acquainted with
+     him, as I lived in Sullivan county when he was in the
+     Blountville jail. I have heard him preach here, and deny from
+     the stand ever having been in jail, when he and I had talked
+     the whole matter over the day before. He is now about
+     forty-eight years of age--has a scar on his cheek. He preached
+     here monthly in 1846, and here it was that he joined the
+     American party. He now resides either in Graves or Fulton
+     county, Kentucky. One of his brothers told me last week that he
+     now preaches at one point in Kentucky, and the rest of his time
+     in Missouri. One of their preachers told me that he gets drunk
+     and cuts up largely. Yours, with respect,
+
+                                    "A. J. HICKS."
+
+To the foregoing letters we add a certified copy of the records of the
+Circuit Court of Sullivan county, and after this we shall leave this
+_old clerical debauchee_ to preach for such Sag Nichts as may feel
+edified by his ministry:
+
+                                    "MONDAY, Sept. 24, 1827.
+
+     "State of Tennessee, First Circuit, Sullivan County Court: met
+     according to adjournment. Present, Honorable Samuel Powell,
+     Judge, &c."
+
+                                    "FRIDAY, Sept. 28, 1827.
+
+     "STATE _vs._ STEPHEN TRIBBLE AND JOHN TRIBBLE.
+
+     "In this cause, the jury having retired yesterday to consider
+     of their verdict, under the care of an officer, and the same
+     jury, to wit: James Steele, Wm. Morgan, Joshua Miller, John
+     Thomas, Wm. Hashman, John Wassum, Thomas Brown, Stephen B.
+     Cawood, John K. Arnold, Thomas Fain, William Hughes, and
+     William H. Biggs, returning to the bar, do say, they find the
+     defendants not guilty of the murder, but they find them guilty
+     of manslaughter as charged in the bill of indictment. Whereupon
+     the defendants moved the Court for a rule to show cause why a
+     new trial should be had, which rule is granted, and on argument
+     said rule is discharged. It is therefore considered by the
+     Court that for such offence the said defendants be imprisoned
+     for the term of four calendar months: that they be branded with
+     the letter M in the brawn of the thumbs of their left hands on
+     to-morrow morning, and that they pay the costs of this suit or
+     remain in custody until the same is paid."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+     "STATE OF TENNESSEE, SULLIVAN COUNTY.
+
+"I, Jno. W. Cox, Clerk of the Circuit Court of Sullivan County, do
+hereby certify that the foregoing is a full, true, and perfect copy of
+the final judgment in the case of State _vs._ Stephen Tribble and John
+Tribble, as appears of record in my office.
+
+"Given under my hand at this office, the 10th of June, 1856.
+
+                                    "Jno. W. Cox, Clerk,
+
+                                    "By A. J. Cox, Dep. Clerk."
+
+In conclusion, _Stephen_, I take my leave of you now, having introduced
+you to the 5,000 subscribers to the Whig, the 7,500 subscribers to our
+campaign paper, and the _tens of thousands of readers_ of this book--a
+work which will exist and be referred to when I am in my grave, and you
+are in the hot embraces of the Devil! You will at least agree with me
+that _that_ was an evil hour for you when you travelled out of your way
+to assail me before a strange audience in Missouri.
+
+                                  I am, &c.,
+
+                                    W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+                                      Knoxville, June 23d, 1856.
+
+
+
+
+A SERMON ON SLAVERY.
+
+
+     Delivered by the undersigned in Temperance Hall in Knoxville,
+     on Sabbath, 8th of June, 1856, to a large and attentive
+     audience, composed of citizens and strangers--some from the
+     North and some from the South--occupying one hour and a quarter
+     in the delivery. It is published as it was delivered, without
+     an omission or an alteration. Respectfully, &c.,
+
+                                    W. G. BROWNLOW.
+
+     TEXT.--"Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their
+     own masters worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+     doctrine be not blasphemed."--1 Tim. vi. 1.
+
+Whoever reflects upon the nature of man, will find him to be almost
+entirely the creature of circumstances: his habits and sentiments are,
+in a great measure, the growth of adventitious circumstances and causes;
+hence the endless variety and condition of our species. That race of men
+in our country known as Abolitionists, Free-soilers, or Black
+Republicans, look upon any deviation from the constant round in which
+_they_ have been spinning out the thread of their existence as a
+departure from nature's great system; and, from a known principle of our
+nature, the first impulse of these fanatics is to condemn. It is thus
+that the man born and matured in a free State looks upon slavery as
+unnatural and horrible, and in violation of every law of justice or
+humanity! And it is not uncommon to hear bigots of this character, in
+their churches at the North, imploring the Divine wrath to shower down
+the consuming fires of heaven on that great Sodom and Gomorrah of the
+New World, all that section of country south of Mason and Dixon's line,
+where this unjust practice prevails.
+
+When an unprejudiced and candid mind examines into the past condition of
+our race, and learns the fact which history develops, as the inquirer
+will, that a majority of mankind were _slaves_, he will be driven to the
+melancholy reflection, that the world, when first peopled by God
+himself, was not a world of freemen, but of _slaves_!
+
+Slavery was really established and sanctioned by Divine authority among
+even God's chosen people, the favored children of Israel. Abraham, the
+founder of this interesting nation, and the chosen servant of the Most
+High, was the owner of more slaves than any cotton-planter in South
+Carolina or Mississippi. That magnificent shrine, the gorgeous temple of
+Solomon, commenced and completed under the pious promptings of religion
+and ancient Free-Masonry, was reared alone by the hands of slaves!
+Egypt's venerable and enduring pyramids were reared by the hands of
+slaves! Involuntary servitude, reduced to a science, existed in ancient
+Assyria and Babylon. The ten tribes of Israel were carried off to
+Assyria by Shalmanezer, and the two strong tribes of Judah were
+subsequently carried in triumph by Nebuchadnezzar to end their days in
+Babylon as slaves, and to labor to adorn the city. Ancient Phoenicia
+and Carthage were literally overrun with slavery, because the slave
+population outnumbered the free and the owners of slaves! The Greeks and
+Trojans, at the siege of Troy, were attended with large numbers of their
+slaves. Athens, and Sparta, and Thebes--indeed, the whole Grecian and
+Roman worlds--had more slaves than freemen. And in those ages which
+succeeded the extinction of the Roman empire in the West, slaves were
+the most numerous class. Even in the days of civilization and Christian
+light which revolutionized governments, laboring serfs and abject slaves
+were distributed throughout Eastern Europe, and a portion of Western
+Asia--conclusively showing that slavery existed over these boundless
+regions. In China, the worst forms of slavery have existed since its
+earliest history. And when we turn to Africa, we find slavery, in all
+its most horrid forms, existing throughout its whole extent, the slaves
+outnumbering the freemen at least three to one. Looking, then, to the
+whole world, we may with confidence assert, that slavery in its worst
+forms subdues by far the largest portion of the human race!
+
+Now, the inquiry is, how has slavery risen and thus spread over our
+whole earth? We answer, by the _laws of war_, _the state of property_,
+_the feebleness of governments_, the thirst for _bargain and sale_, the
+_increase of crime_, and last, but not least, _by and with the consent
+and approbation of Deity_!
+
+These remarks may suffice by way of an introduction, and they will serve
+to indicate the course we intend to pursue, if the announcement of the
+text has not already done that. _Let as many servants as are under the
+yoke count their own masters worthy of all honor_, &c. The word here
+rendered _servants_ means SLAVES, converted to the Christian faith; and
+the word rendered _yoke_ signifies the _state of slavery_ in which
+Christ and the apostles found the world involved when the Christian
+Church was first organized. By the word rendered _masters_ we are to
+understand the heathen masters of those Christianized slaves. Even
+these, in such circumstances, and under such domination, are commanded
+to treat their masters with all honor and respect, that the name of God,
+by which they were called, and the doctrine of God, to wit,
+Christianity, which they had professed, might not be blasphemed, might
+not be evil spoken of in consequence of their improper conduct. Civil
+rights are never abolished by any communication from God's Spirit; and
+those fiery bigots at the North who propose to abolish the institution
+of slavery in this country are not following the dictates of God's
+Spirit or law. The civil state in which a man was before his conversion,
+is not altered by that conversion; nor does the grace of God absolve him
+from any claims which the State, his neighbor, or lawful owner may have
+had on him. All these outward things continue unaltered: hence, if a man
+be under the sentence of death for murder, and God see fit to convert
+him, he is not released from suffering the extreme penalty of the law!
+
+The Church of Christ, when originally constituted, claimed no right, _as
+an ecclesiastical organization_, to interfere in any way with the civil
+government. This was the principle upon which the Church was founded, as
+announced by its immortal Head. When Christ was doomed by a cruel Roman
+law to its most ignominious condemnation, he did not so much as resist
+it, because _it was law_, nor did he complain of it as oppressive.
+
+     "Then Pilate entered into the judgment-hall again, and called
+     Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?...
+     Jesus answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom
+     were of this world, then would my servants fight, that I should
+     not be delivered to the Jews; but now is my kingdom not from
+     hence.... To this end was I born, and for this cause came I
+     into the world, that I should bear witness unto the
+     truth."--John xviii. 33-37.
+
+When Christ came into the world on the business of his mission, he found
+the Jewish people subject to the dominion of the Roman kingdom; and in
+no instance did he counsel the Jews to rebellion, or incite them to
+throw off the Roman yoke, as do the vagabond philanthropists of the
+North in reference to the existing laws of the United States upon the
+subject of slavery. Christ was, by lineal descent, "THE KING OF THE
+JEWS," but he did not assert his temporal power, but actually refused to
+be crowned in that right.
+
+Under the Roman law, human liberty was held by no more certain tenure
+than the whim of the sovereign power, protected by no definite
+constitution. Slavery constituted the most powerful and essential
+element of the government, and that slavery was of the most cruel
+character, and gave to the master absolute discretion over the lives of
+the slaves. Notwithstanding all this, Christ did not make war upon the
+existing government, nor denounce the rulers for conferring such powers,
+although he looked upon cruel legislation in the light in which the
+character of his mission required. And although the _Church itself_ was
+not what it should have been, in no instance did Christ ever denounce
+_that_. The only denunciations the Saviour ever uttered, were those
+against the doctors and lawyers, ministers and expounders of the Jewish
+code of ecclesiastical law.
+
+But allow us to present the case of the Apostle Paul, as proof more
+palpable and overwhelming, on this very point. He had been falsely
+accused, cruelly imprisoned, and tyrannically arraigned; and that, too,
+before a licentious governor, an unjust and dissipated ruler, and an
+unprincipled infidel. The Roman law in force at the time arrested the
+freedom of speech, denied the rights of conscience, and even forbade the
+free expression of opinion in all matters conflicting with the
+provisions of the laws of the Roman government. In his defence before
+Felix, Paul never so much as speaks of Roman law, though well acquainted
+with it, but "he reasoned of _righteousness_, and _temperance_, and the
+_judgment to come_." Here was a suitable occasion to condemn the
+regulations and to question the authority of the villainous statutes of
+Rome; but instead of this, Paul plead his rights _under_ the unjust
+regulations of the law. He charged Felix with _official_ delinquency,
+with _personal_ crime, and, as a _man_, he held him up to public scorn,
+and threatened him with the vengeance of God! He appealed _to the law_,
+and justified himself _by the law_. He claimed the rights of a "_Roman
+citizen_"--demanded the protection due to a Roman citizen--and he
+scorned to find fault with the law, cruel and unjust as he knew it to
+be. And the consequence was, that the licentious infidel who ruled,
+"_trembled_."
+
+The views we have here presented are not at all new, but have been
+uniformly acted upon by evangelical Christians, in all ages of the
+world. Since the days of St. Paul and Simon Peter, no reformer has
+appeared who was more violent than that good and great man, MARTIN
+LUTHER. JOHN CALVIN possessed a revolutionary spirit--he fought every
+thing he believed to be wrong--he was unyielding in his disposition, and
+unmitigated in his severity. Yet neither of these great men ever made
+war upon the existing laws of their respective countries. JOHN WESLEY
+was the great reformer of the past century--he reformed the whole
+ecclesiastical machinery of the modern Church of Christ; and his
+doctrines, and manner of conducting revivals, are leading elements of
+American Christianity. But Mr. Wesley never made war upon the English
+government, under which he lived and died. On the other hand, it is a
+matter of serious complaint among sectarians not friendly to the spread
+of Methodism, that Wesley wrote elaborately against the war of the
+Revolution. He was devoted to law and order, and he deemed it a
+religious duty to oppose all resistance to existing laws. In his
+troubles at Savannah, Georgia, like Paul before the licentious
+governor, he appealed _to the law_, and sought by every means in his
+power to be tried _under_ the law, asking only the privilege of being
+heard in his own defence! And it was, in all the instances we have
+mentioned, "_that the name of God and his doctrine be not blasphemed_,"
+to quote the expressive language of the text, that existing laws have
+been adhered to by the propagators of gospel truth.
+
+The essential principles of the great moral law delivered to Moses by
+God himself, are set forth in what is called the tenth commandment, in
+the 20th chapter of Exodus: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house,
+thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his _man-servant_, nor his
+_maid servant_, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy
+neighbor's." Now, the only true interpretation of this portion of the
+Word of God is, that the species of property mentioned are _lawful_, and
+that all men are forbid to disturb others in the lawful enjoyment of
+their property. "Man-servants and maid-servants" are distinctly
+_consecrated as property_, and guaranteed to man for his exclusive
+benefit--proof irresistible that slavery was thus ordained by God
+himself. We have seen learned dissertations from the pens of
+Abolitionists, saying, that the term "servant," and not "slave," is used
+here. To this we reply, that both the Hebrew and Greek words translated
+"servant," mean also "slave," and are more frequently used in this sense
+than in the former. Besides, the Hebrew Scriptures teach us, that God
+especially authorized his peculiar people to _purchase_ "BONDMEN FOR
+EVER;" and if to be in _bondage for ever_ does not constitute _slavery_,
+we yield the point.
+
+The visionary notions of piety and philanthropy entertained by many men
+at the North, lead them to resist the _Fugitive Slave Law_ of this
+government, and even to _violate the tenth commandment_, by stealing our
+"men-servants and maid-servants," and running them into what they call
+free territory. Nay, the _villainous piety_ of some leads them to
+contribute _Sharpe's Rifles_ and _Holy Bibles_, to send the
+_uncircumcised Philistines_ of New England into Kansas and Nebraska, to
+shoot down the Christian owners of slaves, and then to perform religious
+ceremonies over their dead bodies! Clergymen lay aside their Bibles at
+the North, and females, as in the case of that model beauty, _Harriet
+Beecher Stowe_, unsex themselves to carry on this horrid and slanderous
+warfare against slaveholders of the South! And English travellers,
+steeped to the nose and chin in prejudices against this government and
+our institutions, have written books upon the subject. The Halls,
+Hamiltons, Trollopes, and Miss Martineaus, _et ed omne genus_, all have
+misrepresented us! These English writers all denounce slavery, and
+eulogize _Democracy_; as if an Englishman could be a Democrat, in the
+modern, vulgar sense of the term, and be a consistent man!
+
+But we do not propose, in this brief discourse, to enter into any
+defence of the African slave trade. Although the evils of it are greatly
+exaggerated, its evils and cruelties, its barbarities, are not justified
+by the most ultra slaveholders of this age. The vile traffic was
+abolished by the United States, even before the British Parliament
+prohibited it. All the powers in the world have subsequently prohibited
+this trade--some of the more influential and powerful of them declaring
+it _piracy_, and covering the African seas with armed vessels to prevent
+it!
+
+This trade, which seems so shocking to the feelings of mankind, dates
+its origin as far back as the year 1442. Antony Gonzales, a Portuguese
+mariner, while exploring the coast of Africa, was the first to steal
+some _Moors_, and was subsequently forced by Prince Henry of Portugal to
+carry them back to Africa. In the year 1502, the Spaniards began to
+steal negroes, and employ them in the mines of Hispaniola, Cuba, and
+Jamaica. In 1517, the Emperor Charles V. granted a _patent_ to certain
+privileged persons, _to steal exclusively_ a supply of 4,000 negroes
+annually, for these islands!
+
+African slaves were first imported into America in 1620, a century after
+their introduction into the West Indies. The first cargo, of twenty
+Africans, by a Dutch vessel, was brought up the James River, into
+Virginia, and sold out as slaves. England then being the most commercial
+of European nations, engrossed the trade; and from 1680 to 1780, there
+were imported into the British Possessions alone, TWO MILLIONS OF
+SLAVES--making an average annual importation of more than 20,000! And
+the annual importation into America has transcended 50,000! The States
+of this Union, north of Mason and Dixon's Line, commonly called the New
+England States, were never, to any great extent, _slaveholding_; their
+virtuous and pious minds were chiefly exercised in _slave-stealing_ and
+_slave-selling_! To Old England our New England States owe their
+knowledge of the art of slave-stealing; and to New England these
+Southern States are wholly indebted for their slaves. They stole the
+African from his native land, and sold him into bondage for the sake of
+gain. They kept but few of their captives among themselves, because it
+was not profitable to use negro labor in the cold and sterile regions of
+New England. And when they enacted laws in the New England States
+abolishing slavery, they brought their negroes into the South and sold
+them before their laws could go into operation! This is the true history
+of slavery in New England. They stole and sold property which it was not
+profitable to keep, and for which they now refuse all warranty. And
+what few American ships are in the trade now, at the peril of piracy,
+are New England ships.
+
+The pious and religious portion of New England Abolitionists, we take
+it, are the better portion, and in these we have no sort of confidence.
+Take, for example, the case of that great man, and powerful pulpit
+orator, STEPHEN OLIN, who came into Georgia, and was introduced into the
+ministry by BISHOP ANDREW and his friends, and by this means married a
+lady owning a number of slaves. He sold them all for the money, pocketed
+the money, and returned to his congenial North; and when BISHOP ANDREW
+was arraigned before the General Conference of 1844, because he had
+married a widow lady owning a few slaves, this man OLIN appeared on the
+floor, and spoke and voted against the Bishop! Dr. Olin had washed his
+hands of the sin of slavery--had his money out at interest--and he was
+ready to plead for the rights of the poor African! May we not exclaim,
+"Lord, what is man?"
+
+We are acquainted with many of the leading Abolitionists of the North
+connected with the Methodist Church; and although we suppose they are
+about as good as the Abolitionists of other denominations we have no
+confidence in them. The most of them would enter their fine churches on
+the Sabbath, preach for hours against the sin of slavery, shed their
+tears over the oppressions of the "servile progeny of Ham," in these
+Southern States; and on the next day, in a purely business transaction,
+behind a counter, or in the settlement of an account, cheat a Southern
+slave out of the _pewter_ that ornaments the head of his cane!
+
+There is much in the political papers of the country calculated, if not
+intended, to fan a flame of intense warfare upon the subject of slavery,
+which can result in no possible good to any one. Those politicians who
+are exciting the whole country, and fanning society into a livid
+consuming flame, particularly at the North, have no sympathies for the
+black man, and care nothing for his comfort. They only seek their own
+glory. This political disquiet and commotion is giving birth to new and
+loftier schemes of agitation and disunion, among the vile Abolitionists
+of the country, and to bold and hazardous enterprises in the States and
+Territories. And many of our Southern altars smoke with the vile incense
+of Abolitionism. We have scores of Abolitionists in the South, in
+disguise--designing men--some filling our pulpits--some occupying high
+positions in our colleges--some editing political and religious
+papers--some selling goods--and some following one calling and some
+another, who, though among us, are not of us, Southern men may rest
+assured!
+
+We endorse, without reserve, that much-abused sentiment of a
+distinguished South Carolina statesmen, now no more, that "slavery is
+the corner-stone of our republican edifice;" while we repudiate, as
+ridiculously absurd, that much-lauded, but nowhere-accredited dogma of
+MR. JEFFERSON, that "all men are born equal." God never intended to make
+the _butcher_ a judge, nor the _baker_ a president, but to protect them
+according to their claims as butcher and baker. Pope has beautifully
+expressed this sentiment, where he has said:
+
+    "Order is heaven's first law, and this confessed,
+    _Some are_, and _must be_, greater than the rest."
+
+We have gone among the free negroes at the North--we have visited their
+miserable dwellings in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, and other points;
+and, in every instance, we have found them more miserable and destitute,
+as a whole, than the slave population of the South. In our Southern
+States, where negroes have been set at liberty, in nine cases out of ten
+their conditions have been made worse; while the most wretched,
+indolent, immoral, and dishonest class of persons to be found in the
+Southern States, are _free persons of color_.
+
+The freedom of negroes in even the Northern States, is, in all respects,
+only an empty name. The citizen negro does not vote, and takes good care
+not to do so. The law does not interdict him this privilege, but if he
+attempt to avail himself of the privilege, he is apprehensive of
+"apostolic blows and kicks," which the pious Abolitionists will
+administer to him. All the social advantages, all the respectable
+employments, all the honors, and even the pleasures of life, are denied
+the free negroes of the North, by citizens full of sympathy for the
+down-trodden African! The negro cannot get into an omnibus, cannot enter
+a bar-room frequented by whites, nor a church, nor a theatre; nor can he
+enter the cabin of a steamboat, in one of the Northern rivers or lakes,
+or enter a first class passenger car on one of their railroads. They are
+not suffered to enter a stage-coach with whites, but are forced upon the
+deck, whether it shall rain or shine--whether it be hot or cold.
+Industry is closed to them, and they are forced to live as _servants_ in
+hotels, or adopt the professions of barber, or boot-black, or open
+oysters in saloons, or sell villainous liquors to the lower classes of
+German and Irish emigrants, who throng our large cities and towns. The
+negroes even have their _own streets_, and their own low-down kennels;
+they have their hospitals, their churches, their cars, upon which are
+written in large letters, "FOR COLORED PEOPLE!" Finally, they are forced
+to have their own _grave-yards_--the _yellow_ remains of Northern
+Abolitionists, and pious white men, refusing to mingle with the
+bleeching bones of the dead negro! While, in the South, they crowd the
+galleries and back seats in our churches, travel in our passenger cars,
+and even _loan their money_ to our white men at interest! Such is an
+outline of the contrast between free negroes at the North, and slaves at
+the South.
+
+Let us turn again to the Holy Scriptures, and see whether or not they
+sustain or condemn the institution of slavery. The opposers of slavery
+profess to be governed alone by the teachings of the Bible, in their war
+upon this institution. It is vain to look to Christ or any of his
+apostles to justify the blasphemous perversions of the word of God,
+continually paraded before the world by these graceless agitators.
+Although slavery in its most revolting forms was everywhere visible
+around them, no visionary notions of piety or schemes of philanthropy
+ever tempted either Christ or one of his apostles to gainsay the LAW,
+even to mitigate the cruel severity of the slavery system then existing.
+On the contrary, finding slavery _established by law_, as well as an
+_inevitable and necessary consequence_, growing out of the condition of
+human society, their efforts were to sustain the institution. Hence, St.
+Paul actually apprehended a "_fugitive slave_," and sent him back to his
+lawful owner and earthly master!
+
+Having already appealed to the authority of the Old Testament
+Scriptures, we turn to that of the New, where we learn that slavery
+existed in the earliest days of the Christian Church, and that both
+_masters_ and _slaves_ were members of the same Christian congregations.
+Slavery was an institution of the State in the Roman Empire, as it is in
+the Southern States of this confederacy, and the apostles did not feel
+at liberty to denounce it, if, indeed, they felt the least opposition to
+it--a thing we deny.
+
+But, before we appeal to the irresistible authority of the New
+Testament, we will submit a few only of a great many passages from the
+Old Testament--not having quoted as extensively as may have been deemed
+necessary:
+
+     "And he said, I _am_ Abraham's servant."--GEN. xxiv. 34.
+
+     "And there was of the house of Saul a _servant_, whose name was
+     Ziba; and when they had called him unto David, the king said
+     unto him, Art thou Ziba? And he said, _Thy servant is he_."--2
+     SAM. ix. 2.
+
+     "Then the king called to Ziba, Saul's _servant_, and said unto
+     him, I have given unto thy _master's_ son all that pertained to
+     Saul, and to all his house."--Verse 9th.
+
+     "Thou, therefore, and thy sons, and thy _servants_, shall till
+     the land for him, and thou shalt bring in _the fruits_, that
+     thy _master's_ son may have food to eat, &c. Now Ziba had
+     fifteen sons and TWENTY SERVANTS."--Verse 10th.
+
+     "I got me _servants_ and maidens, and had _servants born in my
+     house_; also, I had great possessions of great and small
+     cattle, above all that were in Jerusalem before me."--ECCLES.
+     ii. 7.
+
+     "And he said, Hagar, Sarai's maid, whence camest thou? And she
+     said, I flee from the face of my _mistress_ Sarai."--GEN. xvi.
+     8.
+
+     "And the Angel of the Lord said unto her, _Return to thy
+     mistress_, and submit thyself to her hands."--Verse 9th.
+
+The only comments we have to offer upon these passages are, first, one
+individual acknowledges himself the owner of twenty slaves! Another was
+raising slaves, and having them born in his house!! And last, but not
+least, the angel of God ordered the fugitive slave to return to her
+lawful owner!! High authority, this, for apprehending runaway slaves!
+
+In reference to bad servants, we read in Prov. xxix. 19:
+
+     "A servant will not be corrected by _words_; for though he
+     understand, he will not answer."
+
+The Scriptures look to the correction of servants, and really enjoin it,
+as they do in the case of children. We esteem it the duty of Christian
+masters to feed and clothe well, and in cases of disobedience to _whip
+well_.
+
+In the book of Joel, iii. 8, the _slave trade_ is recognized as of
+Divine authority:
+
+     "And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the land of
+     the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans,
+     to a people far off; FOR THE LORD HATH SPOKEN IT!"
+
+     "Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.
+     Art thou called, being _a servant_? Care not for it; but if
+     thou mayest be made free, use it rather. For he that is called
+     in the Lord, being _a servant_, is the Lord's freeman; likewise
+     also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant."--1
+     Cor. vii. 20-22.
+
+     "_Servants_, be obedient to them that are your _masters
+     according to the flesh_, with fear and trembling, in singleness
+     of your heart, as unto Christ. Not with eye-service, as
+     men-pleasers; but as the servants of Christ, doing the will of
+     God from the heart. With good-will doing service, as to the
+     Lord, and not to men: knowing that whatsoever good thing any
+     man doeth, the same shall he receive of the Lord, whether he be
+     bond or free. And, _ye masters_, do the same things unto them,
+     forbearing threatening: knowing that your Master also is in
+     heaven: neither is there respect of persons with him."--Eph.
+     vi. 5-9.
+
+     "_Servants_, obey in all things your _masters according to the
+     flesh_: not with eye-service, as men-pleasers; but in
+     singleness of heart, fearing God. And whatsoever ye do, do it
+     heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men: knowing that of the
+     Lord ye shall receive the reward of the inheritance; for ye
+     serve the Lord Christ."--Col. iii. 22-25.
+
+     "_Masters_, give unto _your servants_ that which is just and
+     equal: knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."--Col. iv.
+     1.
+
+     "Let as many _servants as are under the yoke_ count their _own
+     masters_ worthy of all honor, that the name of God and his
+     doctrine be not blasphemed. And they that have _believing
+     masters_, let them not despise them, because they are brethren;
+     but rather do them service, because they are faithful and
+     beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and
+     exhort."--1 Tim. vi. 1, 2.
+
+     "Exhort _servants_ to be obedient unto their _own masters_, and
+     to please them well in all things; not answering again; not
+     purloining, but showing all good fidelity; that they may adorn
+     the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things."--Titus ii. 9,
+     10.
+
+     "_Servants_, be subject to _your masters_ with all fear; not
+     only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. For this
+     is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure
+     grief, suffering wrongfully."--1 Peter ii. 18, 19.
+
+We have but a single word of comment to offer upon these passages of
+Scripture. The original words used by the Greek writers, both sacred and
+profane, to express slave; the most abject condition of slavery; to
+express the absolute owner of a slave, and the absolute control of a
+slave, are the strongest that the language affords, and are used in the
+passages here quoted. If the apostles understood the common use of
+words, and desired to convey these ideas, and to recognize the relations
+of master and servant, they would, naturally enough, employ the very
+words used. To say that they did not know the primary meaning and _usus
+loquendi_ of the original words, is paying them a compliment we wish not
+to participate in! And to show that we are not singular in our views of
+the meaning expressed in the passages quoted, showing that they express
+in the one case slaves, and in the other masters or owners, actually
+holding them as property, under the sanction of the laws of the State,
+we quote from the following authorities:
+
+That great commentator, Dr. ADAM CLARKE, on 1 Cor. vii. 21, says:
+
+     "Art thou converted to Christ while thou art a slave--the
+     property of another person, and bought with his money? _Care
+     not for it._"
+
+The learned Dr. Neander, in his work entitled "Planting and Training of
+the Church," in referring to _Onesimus_, mentioned in the epistle to
+Philemon, says of him:
+
+     "It does not appear to be surprising that a _runaway slave_
+     should betake himself at once to Rome."
+
+To the foregoing might be added other authorities of equal weight and
+importance.
+
+It is a well-known historical fact, that slaveholders were admitted into
+the APOSTOLIC CHURCHES; nor would this assumed position of the advocates
+of slavery be at all denied by any intelligent and well-read men at the
+North, but for the fact that they think such an admission would decide
+the question against abolitionists. We have given much attention to this
+subject within ten years past, and we feel no sort of delicacy in
+expressing our views and convictions, as revolting as they may be to
+Northern men and Free-soilers, even among us. We believe that the
+primitive Christians held slaves in bondage, and that the apostles
+favored slavery, by admitting slaveholders into the Church, and by
+promoting them to official stations in the Church. And why do we believe
+all this? Because we are sustained in these positions by uninterrupted
+historical testimony!
+
+Well, for the information of abolitionists and other anti-slavery men
+dispersed throughout the South, we assume that the fact of the apostles
+admitting into Church fellowship slaveholders, and promoting them to
+positions of honor and trust, shows that the simple relation of master
+and slave was no bar to Church-membership. Masters and slaves, in the
+days of the apostles, were admitted into the Church as brethren: they
+partook in common of the benefits of the Church: they held to the same
+religious principles: they squared their lives by the same rule of
+conduct: acknowledged the same obligations one to another; and
+worshipped at the same altar. This was true of the first and succeeding
+centuries, when the relations of master and slave, and the practice of
+the Church in reference thereto, were very much like they are in the
+Southern States of our Union at present. But to the proof that
+slaveholders were admitted into the apostolic Churches:
+
+1. Historians all agree that slavery existed, and was general throughout
+the Roman empire, at the time the apostolic Churches were instituted. We
+have at our command the authorities to prove this, but to quote from
+them would swell this discourse beyond what we have intended. We will
+cite the authorities only; and anti-slavery men who deny our position
+can examine our authorities. See Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire," vol. i. See "Inquiry into Roman Slavery, by Wm. Blair,"
+Edinburgh edition of 1833. See vol. iv. of "Lardner's Works," page 213.
+See vol. i. of "Dr. Robertson's Works," London edition. Other
+authorities might be given, but these are sufficient, as they show that
+slavery was a civil institution of the State; that the Roman laws
+regarded slaves as _property_, at the disposal of their masters; that
+these slaves, whether white or colored, had no civil existence or
+rights, and contended for none; and that there were _three slaves to one
+citizen_--showing something of a similarity between the Roman empire and
+our Southern States! Gibbon says that slavery existed in "every province
+and every family," and that they were bought and sold according to their
+capacities for usefulness, and the demand for laborers--selling at
+hundreds of dollars, and from that down to the price of a beast of
+burden! Now, it is notorious that the gospel made considerable progress
+among the citizens of the Roman empire; and, as nearly every family
+owned slaves, it is certain that slaveholders were converted and
+admitted into the Church. It will not do to say that the poor, including
+the slaves, were alone converted to God, because the apostles make
+frequent allusions to the receiving into the Church of intelligent,
+learned, and opulent persons. The learned DR. MOSHEIM, in his Church
+History, vol. i., relating to the _first three centuries_, settles this
+question most effectually. He says:
+
+     "The apostles, in their writings, prescribe rules for the
+     conduct of the rich as well as the poor, for _masters_ as well
+     as _servants_--a convincing proof that among the members of the
+     Church planted by them were to be found persons of opulence
+     and masters of families. St. Paul and St. Peter admonished
+     Christian women not to study the adorning of themselves with
+     pearls, with gold and silver, or costly array. 1 Tim. ii. 9: 1
+     Peter iii. 3. It is, therefore, plain that there must have been
+     women possessed of wealth adequate to the purchase of bodily
+     ornaments of great price. From 1 Tim. vi. 20, and Col. ii. 8,
+     it is manifest that among the first converts to Christianity
+     there were men of learning and philosophers; for, if the wise
+     and the learned had unanimously rejected the Christian
+     religion, what occasion could there have been for this caution?
+     1 Cor. i. 26 unquestionably carries with it the plainest
+     intimation that persons of rank or power were not wholly
+     wanting in that assembly. Indeed, lists of the names of various
+     illustrious persons who embraced Christianity, in its weak and
+     infantile state, are given by Blondel, p. 235 de Episcopis et
+     Presbyteris: also by Wetstein, in his Preface to Origen's Dia.
+     Con. Mar., p. 13."
+
+A few reflections, by way of concluding, and we are through with our
+discourse, already extended beyond the limits we had prescribed:
+
+_First._--There is not a single passage in the New Testament, nor a
+single act in the records of the Church, during her early history, for
+even centuries, containing any direct, professed, or intended
+denunciation of slavery. But the apostles found the institution
+existing, under the authority and sanction of law; and, in their labors
+among the people, masters and slaves bowed at the same altar, communed
+at the some table, and were taken into the Church together; while they
+exhorted the one to treat the other as became the gospel, and the other
+to obedience and honesty, that their religious professions might not be
+evil spoken of!
+
+_Secondly._--The early Church not only admitted the existence of
+slavery, but in various ways, by her teachings and discipline, expressed
+her approbation of it, enforcing the observance of certain Fugitive
+Slave Laws which had been enacted by the State. And, in the various acts
+of the Church, from the times of the apostles downward through several
+centuries, she enacted laws and adopted regulations touching the duties
+of masters and slaves, _as such_. This, in our humble judgment, amounts
+to a justification and defence of the institution of slavery.
+
+_Thirdly._--Our investigations of this subject have led us regularly,
+gradually, certainly, to the conclusion that God intended the relation
+of master and slave to exist. Hence, when God opened the way for the
+organization of the Church, the apostles and first teachers of
+Christianity found slavery _incorporated with every department of
+society_; and, in the adoption of rules for the government of the
+members of the Church, they provided for the rights of owners, and the
+wants of slaves.
+
+_Fourthly._--Slavery, in the age of the apostles, had so penetrated
+society, and was so intimately interwoven with it, that a religion
+preaching freedom to the slave would have arrayed against it the civil
+authorities, armed against itself the whole power of the State, and
+destroyed the usefulness of its preachers. St. Paul knew this, and did
+not assail the institution of slavery, but labored to get both masters
+and slaves to heaven, as all ministers should do in our day.
+
+_Fifthly._--Slavery having existed ever since the first organization of
+the Church, the Scriptures clearly teach that it will exist even to the
+end of time. Rev. vi. 12-17 points to "The Day of Judgment," "The Last
+Day," "The Great Day," and the condition of the human race at that time,
+as well as the classes of persons to be judged, rewarded, and punished!
+A portion of this text reads, "And the kings of the earth, and the great
+men, and the rich men, and the chief captains, and the mighty men, and
+every BONDMAN, and every FREEMAN," etc., will be there; evidently
+implying that slavery will exist, and that the relations of master and
+slave will be recognized, to the end of time!
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Americanism Contrasted with
+Foreignism, Romanism, and Bogus Democracy in the Light of Reason, History, and Scripture;, by William Gannaway Brownlow
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