diff options
Diffstat (limited to '28311.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 28311.txt | 2493 |
1 files changed, 2493 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/28311.txt b/28311.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9cab62 --- /dev/null +++ b/28311.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2493 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 11, 2009 [EBook #28311] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{401} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 82.] +SATURDAY, MAY 24. 1851. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Note upon a Passage in "Measure for Measure" 401 + + Rhyming Latin Version of the Song on Robin Goodfellow, + by S. W. Singer 402 + + Folk Lore:--Devonshire Folk Lore: 1. Storms from + Conjuring; 2. The Heath-hounds; 3. Cock scares the + Fiend; 4. Cranmere Pool--St. Uncumber and the + offering of Oats--"Similia similibus curantur"--Cure + of large Neck 404 + + Dibdin's Library Companion 405 + + Minor Notes:--A Note on Dress--Curious Omen at + Marriage--Ventriloquist Hoax--Barker, the original + Panorama Painter 406 + + QUERIES:-- + + Minor Queries:--Vegetable Sympathy--Court Dress--Dieu + et mon Droit--Cachecope Bell--The Image + of both Churches--Double Names--"If this fair + Flower," &c.--Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham--Legend + represented in Frettenham Church--King + of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace--Butchers not + Jurymen--Redwing's Nest--Earth thrown upon the + Coffin--Family of Rowe--Portus Canum--Arms of + Sir John Davies--William Penn--Who were the + Writers in the North Briton? 407 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--"Many a Word"--Roman + Catholic Church--Tick--Hylles' Arithmetic 409 + + REPLIES:-- + + Villenage 410 + + Maclean not Junius 411 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--The Ten Commandments-- + Mounds, Munts, Mounts--San Graal--Epitaph on + the Countess of Pembroke 412 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 414 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 414 + + Notices to Correspondents 414 + + Advertisements 415 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +NOTE UPON A PASSAGE IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE." + +The Third Act of _Measure for Measure_ opens with Isabella's visit to her +brother (Claudio) in the dungeon, where he lies under sentence of death. In +accordance with Claudio's earnest entreaty, she has sued for mercy to +Angelo, the sanctimonious deputy, and in the course of her allusion to the +only terms upon which Angelo is willing to remit the sentence, she informs +him that he "must die," and then continues: + + "This outward-sainted deputy,-- + Whose settled visage and deliberate word + Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew, + As falcon doth the fowl,--is yet a devil; + His filth within being cast, he would appear + A pond as deep as hell." + +Whereupon (according to the reading of the folio of 1623) Claudio, who is +aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment: + + "The _prenzie_ Angelo?" + +To which Isabella replies (according to the reading of the same edition): + + "O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell, + The damned'st body to invest and cover + In _prenzie_ guards! Dost thou think, Claudio, + If I would yield him my virginity, + Thou might'st be freed?" + +Claudio, still incredulous, rejoins: + + "O, heavens! it cannot be." + +The word _prenzie_ has given rise to much annotation, and it seems to be +universally agreed that the word is a misprint. The question is, what was +the word actually written, or intended, by Shakspeare? Steevens and Malone +suggested "princely;" Warburton, "priestly;" and Tieck, "precise." Mr. +Knight adopts "precise," the reading of Tieck, and thinks "that, having to +choose some word which would have the double merit of agreeing with the +sense of the passage and be similar in the number and form of the letters, +nothing can be more unfortunate than the correction of "princely;" Mr. +Collier, on the other hand, follows Steevens and Malone, and reads +"princely," observing the Tieck's reading ("precise") "sounds ill as +regards the metre, the accent falling on the wrong syllable. Mr. Collier's +choice is determined by the _authority_ of the second folio, which he +considers ought to have considerable weight, whilst Mr. Knight regards the +authority of that edition as very trifling; and the only point of agreement +between the two distinguished recent editors is with respect to Warburton's +word "priestly," which they both seem to think nearly conveys the meaning +of the poet. + +I have over and over again considered the several emendations which have +been suggested, and it seems to me that none of them answer all the +necessary conditions; namely, that the word adopted shall be (1.) suitable +to the reputed character of Angelo; (2.) an appropriate epithet to the word +"guards," in the reply of Isabella above quoted; (3.) of the proper metre +in both {402} places in which the misprint occurred; and (4.) similar in +appearance to the word "prenzie." "Princely" does not agree with the sense +or spirit of the particular passage; for it is extremely improbable that +Claudio, when confined under sentence of death for an absurd and +insufficient cause, would use a term of mere compliment to the man by whom +he had been doomed. "Precise" and "priestly" are both far better than +"princely;" but "precise" is wholly unsuited to the metre in both places, +and "priestly" points too much to a special character to be appropriate to +Angelo's office and position. It may also be remarked, that both "princely" +and "priestly" differ from the number and form of the letters contained in +"prenzie." + +The word which I venture to suggest is "PENSIVE," a word particularly +applicable to a person of saintly habits, and which is so applied by Milton +in "Il Penseroso:" + + "Come, pensive nun, devout and pure, + Sober, stedfast, and demure." + +The word "pensive" is stated by Dr. Johnson to mean "sorrowfully +thoughtful, sorrowfully serious," or melancholy; and that such epithets are +appropriate to the reputed character of Angelo will be seen from the +following extracts: + + "I implore her, in my service, that she make friends + To the strict deputy."--_Claudio_, Act I. Sc. 3. + + "I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo, + A man of stricture, and firm abstinence."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4. + + "Lord Angelo is precise; + Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses + That his blood flows, or that his appetite + Is more to bread than stone."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4. + + "A man, whose blood + Is very snow-broth; one who never feels + The wanton stings and motions of the sense, + But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge + With profits of the mind, study and fast."--_Lucio_, Act I. Sc. 5. + +See also Angelo's portraiture of himself in the soliloquy at the +commencement of Act II. Sc. 4.: + + "My gravity, + Wherein (let no man hear me) I take pride, + Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume + Which the air beats for vain." + +And, lastly, the passage immediately under consideration: + + "This outward-sainted deputy, + Whose settled visage and deliberate word, + Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."--_Isabella_, Act III. + Sc. 1. + +Thus much as to the propriety of the word "pensive," in relation to the +reputed character of Angelo. + +The next question is, whether the word "pensive" is an appropriate epithet +to the word "guards." If Messrs. Knight and Collier are correct in +construing "guards" to mean the "trimmings or border of robe," this +question must be answered in the negative. But it appears to me that they +are in error, and that the true meaning of the word "guards," in this +particular passage, is "outward appearances," as suggested by Monck Mason; +and, consequently, that the expression "pensive guards" means a grave or +sanctified countenance or demeanour--"the settled visage and deliberate +word" which "nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew." + +It requires no argument to establish that the word "pensive" is suitable to +the metre in both places in which the misprint occurred and it is equally +clear that "prenzie" and "pensive" in manuscript are so similar, both in +the number, form, and character of the letters, that the one might easily +be printed for the other. The two words also have a certain resemblance, in +point of sound; and if the word "pensive" be not very distinctly +pronounced, the mistake might be made by a scribe writing from dictation. + +Referring to Mrs. Cowden Clarke's admirable concordance of Shakspeare, it +appears that the word "pensive" is used by Shakspeare in the _text_ of his +plays twice; namely, in _Romeo and Juliet_, Act IV. Sc. 1., where Friar +Laurence addresses Juliet thus: + + "My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now." + +and again, in the Third Part of _Henry VI_., Act IV. Sc. 1., where Clarence +is thus addressed by King Edward upon the subject of his marriage with the +Lady Grey: + + "Now, brother Clarence, how like you our choice, + That you stand pensive, as half mal-content?" + +I also find that, according to the stage directions (both ancient and +modern) of Act II. Sc 2. of _Henry VIII_. (see Collier's _Shakspeare_, vol. +v. p. 534., _note_), the king is described to be found "reading pensively," +at a moment when he is meditating his divorce from Katharine of Arragon, +not "because the marriage of his brother's wife had crept too near his +conscience," but "because his conscience had crept too near another lady." + +I might extend the argument by further observations upon the reference last +cited, but not without risk of losing all chance of a place in "NOTES AND +QUERIES." + +Query, Whether pen_s_ive was ever written or printed pen_z_ive in +Shakspeare's time? If so, that word would bear a still closer resemblance +to "prenzie." + +LEGES. + + * * * * * + +RHYMING LATIN VERSION OF THE SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW. + +In the same MS. from which I extracted Braithwait's Latin Drinking Song, +the following version {403} of the well-known song on Robin Goodfellow +occurs. It is apparently by the same hand. I give the English, as it +contains but six stanzas, and affords some variations from the copy printed +by Percy; and indeed one stanza not given by him. Peck attributes the song +to Ben Jonson, but we know not on what foundation. It must be confessed +that internal evidence is against it. The publication of Percy's _Reliques_ +had a no less beneficial influence on the literature of Germany than it had +on our own; and Voss had given an admirable version of nine stanzas of this +song as early as the year 1793. The first stanza will afford some notion of +his manner: + + "Von Oberon in Feenland, + Dem Koenige der Geister, + Komm' ich, Knecht Robert, abgesandt, + Von meinem Herrn und Meister. + Als Kobolt und Pux, + Wohlkundig des Spuks, + Durchschwarm' ich Nacht vor Nacht. + Jezt misch' ich mich ein + Zum polternden Reihn, + Wohlauf, ihr alle, gelacht, gelacht!" + +Although the classic ear may be offended by the "barbarous adjunct of +rhyme," and by the solecisms and false quantities which sometimes occur, +"et alia multa damna atque outragia," others may be amused with these +emulations of the cloistered muse of the Middle Ages. The witty author of +_Whistlecraft_ has shown that he had a true relish for them, and has +successfully tried his hand, observing at the same time: + + "Those monks were poor proficients in divinity, + And scarce knew more of Latin than myself; + Compar'd with theirs, they say that true Latinity + Appears like porcelain compar'd with delf." + +Honest Barnaby had no intention of rivalling Horace: his humbler, but not +less amusing, prototypes were Walter de Mapes and his cotemporaries. We may +accept his own defence, if any is needed: + + "That paltry Patcher is a bald translator, + Whose awl bores at the _words_ but not the matter; + But this TRANSLATOR makes good use of leather, + By stitching _rhyme_ and _reason_ both together." + +S. W. SINGER. + +A SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW. + + "From Oberon in faery-land, + The king of ghosts and goblins there, + Mad Robin I, at his command, + Am sent to view the night-sports here. + What revel rout is here about, + In every corner where I go; + I will it see, and merry be, + And make good sport with ho, ho, ho! + + "As swift as lightning I do fly + Amidst the aery welkin soon, + And, in a minute's space, descry + What things are done below the moon. + There's neither hag nor spirit shall wag, + In any corner where I go; + But Robin I, their feats will spy, + And make good sport with ho, ho, ho! + + "Sometimes you find me like a man, + Sometimes a hawk, sometimes a hound, + Then to a horse me turn I can, + And trip and troll about you round: + But if you stride my back to ride, + As swift as air I with you go, + O'er hedge, o'er lands, o'er pool, o'er ponds, + I run out laughing ho, ho, ho! + + "When lads and lasses merry be, + With possets and with junkets fine; + Unknown to all the company, + I eat their cake and drink their wine; + Then to make sport, I snore and snort, + And all the candles out I blow; + The maids I kiss; they ask who's this? + I answer, laughing, ho, ho, ho! + + "If that my fellow elf and I + In circle dance do trip it round, + And if we chance, by any eye + There present, to be seen or found, + Then if that they do speak or say, + But mummes continue as they go,[1] + Then night by night I them affright, + With pinches, dreams, and ho, ho, ho! + + "Since hag-bred Merlin's time have I + Continued night-sports to and fro, + That, for my pranks, men call me by + The name of Robin Goodfellow. + There's neither hag nor spirit doth wag, + The fiends and goblins do me know; + And beldames old my tales have told; + Sing Vale, Vale, ho, ho, ho!" + +_The Latine of the foregoing verses_. + + "Ab Oberone lemurum + Coemetriorum regulo, + Spectator veni lubricum, + Illius jussu, Robbio; + Quodcunque joci, sit hic loci, + Quocunque vado in angulo, + Id speculabor, et conjocabor, + Sonorem boans, ho, ho, ho! + + "Praeceps feror per aerem + Telo trisulco citius, + Et translunaria penetrem + Momento brevi ocyus; + Larvatus frater non vagatur + Quocunque vado in angulo, + Nam Robbio, huic obvio, + Et facta exploro, ho, ho, ho! + + "Nunc canis nunc accipiter, + Et homo nunc obambulo, + Nunc equi forma induor + Et levis circumcursito; + {404} + Si quis me prendat, et ascendat, + Velocius aura rapio, + Per prata, montes, vada, fontes, + Risumque tollo, ho, ho, ho! + + "Cum juvenes convivio + Admiscent se puellulis, + Ignotus vinum haurio + Et impleor bellariis; + Tunc sterto, strepo, et dum crepo, + Lucernam flatu adventillo, + Haec basiatur; hic quis? clamatur, + Cachinnans reddo, ho, ho, ho! + + "Si quando cum consorte larva + In circulum tripudio, + Et observemur nos per arva + Acutiori oculo; + Et si spectator eloquatur + Nec os obhaeret digito, + Nocte terremus et torquemus + Ungue spectris, ho, ho, ho! + + "Post incubiginam Merlinum + Nocturni feci ludicra, + Et combibonem me Robbinum + Vocent ob jocularia, + Me daemones, me lemures, + Me novite tenebrio, + Decantant me veneficae; + Vale! Valete! ho, ho, ho!" + +[Footnote 1: This line is distinctly so written. We should probably read +_or_ instead of _but_. _Mummes_ may mean _mumbling_, muttering.] + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +DEVONSHIRE FOLK LORE. + +1. _Storms from Conjuring_.--A common Devonshire remark on the rising of a +storm is, "Ah! there is a conjuring going on somewhere." The following +illustration was told me by an old inhabitant of this parish. In the parish +of St. Mary Tavy is a spot called "Steven's grave," from a suicide said to +have been buried there. His spirit proving troublesome to the +neighbourhood, was laid by a former curate on Sunday after afternoon +service. A man who accompanied the clergyman on the way was told by him to +make haste home, as a storm was coming. The man hurried away home; but +though the afternoon had previously been very fine, he had scarcely reached +his door before a violent thunderstorm came to verify the clergyman's +words. + +2. _The Heath-hounds_.--The _brutende heer_ are sometimes heard near +Dartmoor, and are known by the appellation of "Heath-hounds." They were +heard in the parish of St. Mary Tavy several years ago by an old man called +Roger Burn: he was working in the fields, when he suddenly heard the baying +of the hounds, the shouts and horn of the huntsman, and the smacking of his +whip. This last point the old man quoted as at once settling the question. +"How could I be mistaken? why I heard the very smacking of his whip." + +3. _Cock scares the Fiend_.--Mr. N. was a Devonshire squire who had been so +unfortunate as to sell his soul to the devil, with the condition that after +his funeral the fiend should take possession of his skin. He had also +persuaded a neighbour to undertake to be present on the occasion of the +flaying. On the death of Mr. N., this man went in a state of great alarm to +the parson of the parish, and asked his advice. By him he was told to +fulfil his engagement, but he must be sure and carry a cock into the church +with him. On the night after the funeral, the man proceeded to the church +armed with the cock; and, as an additional security, took up his position +in the parson's pew. At twelve o'clock the devil arrived, opened the grave, +took the corpse from the coffin and flayed it. When the operation was +concluded, he held the skin up before him, and remarked: "Well! 'twas not +worth coming for after all, for it is all full of holes!" As he said this, +the cock crew; whereupon the fiend, turning round to the man, exclaimed: +"If it had not been for the bird you have got there under your arm, I would +have your skin too." But, thanks to the cock, the man got home safe again. + +4. _Cranmere Pool_.--Cranmere Pool, in the centre of Dartmoor, is a great +penal settlement for refractory spirits. Many of the former inhabitants of +this parish are still there expiating their ghostly pranks. An old farmer +was so troublesome to his survivors as to require seven clergymen to secure +him. By their means, however, he was transformed into a colt; and a servant +boy was directed to take him to Cranmere Pool. On arriving at the brink of +the pool, he was to take off the halter, and return instantly without +looking round. Curiosity proving too powerful, he turned his head to see +what was going on, when he beheld the colt plunge into the lake in the form +of a ball of fire. Before doing so, however, he gave the lad a parting +salute in the form of a kick, which knocked out one of his eyes. + +J. M. (4.) + +St. Mary Tavy, May 5. 1851. + +_St. Uncumber and the offering of Oats_ (Vol. ii., pp. 286. 342. 381.).--A +further illustration of this custom is found in the legend of St. +Rhadegund, or at least in the metrical version of it, which is commonly +ascribed to Henry Bradshaw. A copy of this very scarce poem, from the press +of Pynson, is preserved in the library of Jesus College, Cambridge. We +there read as follows: + + "Among all myracles after our intelligence + Which Radegunde shewed by her humilite, + One is moost vsuall had in experience + Among the common people noted with hert fre + _By offeryng of otes_ after theyr degre + At her holy aulters where myracles in sight + Dayly haue be done by grace day and nyght. + + {405} + "_By oblacion of othes_, halt lame and blynde + Hath ben restored vnto prosperite; + Dombe men to speke aboue cours of kynde + Sickemen delyuered from payne and miserie, + Maydens hath kept theyr pure virginite, + Wyddowes defended from greuous oppression, + And clarkes exalted by her to promocion." + +It is also remarkable that a _reason_ exists in the story of this saint for +the choice of so strange an offering. As she was escaping from her husband, +a crop of _oats_ sprang up miraculously, to testify in her behalf, and to +silence the messengers who had been sent to turn her from her purpose. + +On this account is there not room for the conjecture that _St. Rhadegund_ +is the original St. Uncumber, and that the custom of offering oats at +Poules, when a wife was weary of her husband, is traceable to the story of +the French queen, who died in 587. + +C. H. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + +"_Similia similibus curantur_."--The list proposed by MR. JAMES BUCKMAN +(Vol. iii., p. 320.) of "old wives' remedies," based on the above +principle, would, I imagine, be of endless length; but the following +extract from the _Herbal_ of Sir John Hill, M.D., "Fellow of the Royal +Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux," published in 1789, will show at how late +a period such notions have been entertained by men of education and even +scientific attainment:-- + + "It is to be observed that nature seems to have set her stamp upon + several herbs, which have the virtue to stop bleedings; this + [cranesbill] and the tutsan, the two best remedies the fields afford + for outward and inward bleedings, become all over as red as blood at a + certain season." + +SELEUCUS. + +_Cure of large Neck_.--I send you two remedies in use here for the cure of +a common complaint, called "large neck." Perhaps they may be worthy of a +place in your "Folk Lore." + +A common snake, held by its head and tail, is slowly drawn, by some one +standing by, nine times across the front part of the neck of the person +affected, the reptile being allowed, after every third time, to crawl about +for a while. Afterwards the snake is put alive into a bottle, which is +corked tightly and then buried in the ground. The tradition is, that as the +snake decays the swelling vanishes. + +The second mode of treatment is just the same as the above, with the +exception of the snake's doom. In this case it is killed, and its skin, +sewn in a piece of silk, is worn round the diseased neck. By degrees the +swelling in this case also disappears. + +ROVERT. + +Withyam, Sussex. + + * * * * * + +DIBDIN'S LIBRARY COMPANION. + +A few days since the writer was musing over the treasures of one of the +most amiable of the bibliographical brotherhood, when his eye rested on a +document endorsed with the following mysterious notification: "A Squib for +Dibdin, to be let off on the next Fifth of November." What in the name of +Guido Fawkes have we here! Thinking that the explosion in "NOTES AND +QUERIES" would do no harm, but perhaps some good, a note was kindly +permitted to be taken of it for that publication. It was evidently written +soon after the appearance of the _Library Companion._ + + "_Sundry Errors discovered in the Library Companion, recently put forth + by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin_, F.R.S., A.S. This work exhibits the most + extraordinary instance of gross negligence that has appeared since the + discovery of the profitable art of book-making. In two notes (pp. 37, + 38.), comprised in twelve lines, occur _fifteen_ remarkable blunders, + such as any intelligent bookseller could, without much trouble, have + corrected for the Rev. and learned author. + + "Henry's _Exposition of the Old and New Testaments_ first appeared + collectively in 1710[2], five[3] vols. folio; but the recent edition of + 1810[4], in six vols. 4to., is the best[5], as the last volume + contains[6] additional matter from the author's MSS. left at his + decease.--Dr. Gill's _Exposition of the New Testament_ was published in + 1746, &c., three vols. folio; of the Old, in 1748[7], &c., nine[8] + vols. folio; but the work advancing in reputation and price, became + rare, so as to induce Mr. Bagster[9] to put forth a new edition of the + whole, in ten[10] vols. 4to. I recommend the annotations of Gill to + every theological collector, and those who have the quarto edition will + probably feel disposed to purchase Gill's _Body of Practical_[11] + _Divinity_, containing[12] some account of his life, writings, and + character, in two[13] volumes 4to. 1773.[14] These two[15] volumes are + worth about 1l. 15s.[16]" + +[Footnote 2: Instead of 1710, read 1707.] + +[Footnote 3: This edition is in _six_ volumes.] + +[Footnote 4: It bears the date of 1811.] + +[Footnote 5: The best edition of Henry's _Commentary_ was elegantly printed +by Knapton, in 5 vols. folio, 1761, known as the fifth edition.] + +[Footnote 6: This new edition is respectable, except the plates, which had +been well worn in Bowyer's _Cabinet Bible_. The _Commentary_ is printed +verbatim from the former editions, and has _no_ additional matter from the +author's MSS. left at his decease; no mention of anything of the kind is +made in the title, preface, or advertisement, until Mr. Dibdin so +marvellously brought it to light: upon what authority he makes the +assertion remains a mystery. A very considerable number of sets remain +unsold in the warehouse of a certain great bookseller. _Query_. Was the +Rev. gentleman's pen dipped in gold when he wrote this puff direct?] + +[Footnote 7: Not 1748, &c.: it first appeared in 1763, &c.] + +[Footnote 8: Nine volumes folio should be _six_ volumes folio.] + +[Footnote 9: It was not Mr. Bagster, but Messrs. Mathews and Leigh of the +Strand, who put forth the new edition of Dr. Gill's _Exposition_.] + +[Footnote 10: It was completed in _nine_ vols. 4to.] + +[Footnote 11: The title is _A Body of Doctrinal Divinity_.] + +[Footnote 12: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ was published by _himself_, and +has no account of his life, writings, and character.] + +[Footnote 13: It was in _three_ vols. 4to, not in two.] + +[Footnote 14: Instead of 1773, it was published in 1769-70; nor did any new +edition appear for many years, until those recently printed in 3 vols. +8vo., and 1 vol. 4to.] + +[Footnote 15: These two vols. should be _three_ vols.] + +[Footnote 16: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ is introduced under the head of +"English Bibles!"] + +"These glaring errors are made with regard to {406} modern books, and may +seriously mislead the bibliomaniacs of the next generation; but what can be +expected from an author who, in giving directions for the selection of +Hebrew Bibles, forgets the beautiful and correct editions of VANDERHOOGHT +and JABLONSKI; who tells us that Frey republished Jahn's[17] edition of the +Hebrew Bible in 1812; and who calls Boothroyd's incorrect and ugly +double-columned 4to. '_admirable_.'[18] + +"The Rev. gentleman fully proves, in the compilation of his volume, that he +can dip his pen in gall, as well as allow it to be guided by gold. Dr. +Warton's _History of English Poetry_, a very beautiful and correct edition, +greatly enlarged from most interesting materials at a very considerable +expense, has just issued from the press in 3 vols. 8vo. But 'Can any good +thing come out of Nazareth?' It was not published by any of the favoured +houses; hence the following ominous notice of it: 'Clouds and darkness rest +upon it!'[19] Gentle reader, they are the clouds and darkness of +_Cheapside._ It may be possible that some propitious golden breeze had +driven all the clouds and darkness from Cornhill, Paternoster Row, the +Strand, Pall-Mall, and Bedford Street." + +J. Y. + +Hoxton. + +[Footnote 17: Frey republished Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible in 1811.] + +[Footnote 18: Note on page 24.] + +[Footnote 19: Note on page 667.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_A Note on Dress._--Dress is mutable, who denies it? but still old fashions +are retained to a far greater extent than one would at first imagine. The +Thames watermen rejoice in the dress of Elizabeth: while the royal +beefeaters (buffetiers) wear that of private soldiers of the time of Henry +VII.; the blue-coat boy, the costume of a London citizen of the reign of +Edward VI.; the London charity-school girls, the plain mob cap and long +gloves of the time of Queen Anne. In the brass badge of the cabmen, we see +a retention of the dress of Elizabethan retainers: while the shoulder-knots +that once decked an officer now adorn a footman. The attire of the sailor +of William III.'s era is now seen amongst our fishermen. The university +dress is as old as the age of the Smithfield martyrs. The linen bands of +the pulpit and the bar are abridgments of the falling collar. + +Other costumes are found lurking in provinces, and amongst some trades. The +butchers' blue is the uniform of a guild. The quaint little head-dress of +the market women of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, is in fact the gipsy hat of +George II. Scarlet has been the colour of soldiers' uniform from the time +of the Lacedemonians. The blue of the army we derived from the Puritans; of +the navy from the colours of a mistress of George I. + +TORRO. + +_Curious Omen at Marriage_.--In Miss Benger's _Memoirs of Elizabeth, Queen +of Bohemia_, it is mentioned that,-- + + "It is by several writers observed that, towards the close of the + ceremony, _certain coruscations of joy_ appeared in Elizabeth's face, + which were afterwards supposed to be sinister presages of her + misfortunes." + +In a note, Echard is alluded to as the authority for this singular +circumstance. + +Can any of your readers explain _why_ such a _coruscation of joy_ upon a +wedding day should forebode evil? or whether any other instances are on +record of its so doing? + +H. A. B. + +_Ventriloquist Hoax_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--The following is extracted from +_Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotland, and +Ireland, by R. B., Author of the History of the Wars of England, &c._, +Remarks of London, &c., 12mo., 1684, p. 137. It may serve as a pendant to +the ventriloquist hoax mentioned by C. H., Vol. ii., p. 101.:-- + + "I have a letter by me, saith Mr. Clark, dated July 7, 1606, written by + one Mr. Bovy to a minister in London, where he thus writes: 'Touching + news, you shall understand that Mr. Sherwood hath received a letter + from Mr. Arthur Hildersham, which containeth this following narrative: + that at Brampton, in the parish of Torksey, near Gainsborough in + Lincolnshire, an ash-tree shaketh both in the body and boughs thereof, + and there proceed from thence sighs and groans, like those of a man + troubled in his sleep, as if it felt some sensible torment. Many have + climbed to the top thereof, where they heard the groans more plainly + than they could below. One among the rest being a-top, spoke to the + tree; but presently came down much astonished, and lay grovelling on + the earth speechless for three hours, and then reviving said, + _Brampton, Brampton,_ thou art much bound to pray.' The author of this + news is one Mr. Vaughan, a minister who was there present and heard and + saw these passages, and told Mr. Hildersham of it. The Earl of Lincoln + caused one of the arms of the ash to be lopped off, and a hole to be + bored into the body, and then was the sound or hollow voice heard more + audibly than before; but in a kind of speech which they could not + comprehend nor understand." + +K. P. D. E. + +_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--Mr. Cunningham, at p. 376. of his +admirable _Handbook of London,_ says that Robert Barker, who originated the +Panorama in Leicester Square, died in 1806. Now, Barker, who preceded +Burford, and eventually, I think, entered into partnership with him, +married a friend of my family, a daughter of the Admiral Bligh against whom +had been the mutiny in the _Bounty_. I remember Mr. Barker, and his house +in Surrey Square, or some small square on the Surrey side of London Bridge; +also its wooden rotunda for painting in; and this, too, at the time when +the picture of Spitzbergen was in progress {407} and you felt almost a +chill as the transparent icebergs were splashed on. + +If there have not been two Messrs. Barker connected with the Panorama, Mr. +Cunningham must be incorrect in his date, for I was not in existence in +1806. + +A. G. + +Ecclesfield. + + * * * * * + + +MINOR QUERIES. + +_Vegetable Sympathy._--I have been told that Sir Humphrey Davy asserted +that the shoots of trees, if transplanted, will only live as long as the +parent stock--supposing that to die naturally. How is this to be accounted +for, if true? + +A. A. D. + +_Court Dress_--When was the present court dress first established as the +recognised costume for state ceremonials? and if there are extant any +orders of the Earl Marshal upon the subject, where are they printed? + +HENCO. + +_Dieu et mon Droit._--When was this first adopted as the motto of our +sovereigns? I have heard widely different dates assigned to it. + +LEICESTRENSIS. + +_Cachecope Bell._--In the ancient accounts of the churchwardens of the +parish of St. Mary-de-Castro, Leicester, and also in those of St. Martin in +the same town, the term "cachecope," "kachecope," "catche coppe," or +"catch-corpe-bell," is not of unfrequent occurrence: _e. g._, in the +account for St. Mary's for the year 1490, we have: + + "For castynge ye cachecope bell, js. + + "It. To Thos. Raban for me'dyng ye kachecope bell whole, iiijd." + +I have endeavoured in vain to ascertain the meaning and derivation of the +word, which is not to be found in Mr. Halliwell's excellent _Dictionary of +Archaic Words_. Can you enlighten me on the subject? + +LEICESTRENSIS. + +_The Image of both Churches._--A curious work, treating largely of the +schism between the Catholics and Protestants in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth, was printed at Tornay in 1623, under the following title: _The +Image of bothe Churches, Hierusalem and Babel, Unitie and Confusion, +Obedience and Sedition, by P. D. M._ What is the proof that this was +written by Dr. Matthew Paterson? + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Double Names._--Perhaps some one would explain why so many persons +formerly bore two names, as "Hooker _alias_ Vowel." Illegitimacy may have +sometimes caused it: but this will not explain those cases where the +bearers ostentatiously set forth both names. Perhaps they were the names of +both parents, used even by lawfully born persons to distinguish themselves +from others of the same paternal name. + +T. + +"_If this fair flower_," &c.--Would you kindly find a place for the lines +which follow? I have but slender hopes of discovering their author, but +think that their beauty is such as to deserve a reprint. They are not by +Waller; nor Dryden, as far as I know. I found them in a periodical +published in Scotland during the last century, and called _The Bee_. + + "Lines supposed to have been addressed, with the present of a white + rose, by a Yorkist, to a lady of the Lancastrian faction. + + 'If this fair flower offend thy sight, + It in thy bosom bear: + 'Twill blush to be outmatched in white + And turn Lancastrian there!'" + +I observe that amongst the many "Notes" and quotations on the subject of +the supposed power of prophecy before death, no one has cited those most +beautiful lines of Campbell in "Lochiel's Warning:" + + "'Tis the _sunset_ of life gives me mystical lore, + And coming events cast their shadows before." + +W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. + +Temple. + +_Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham._--Can any of your correspondents give me +information respecting one Hugh Peachell, of whom I find the following +curious notice in a bundle of MSS. in the State Paper Office, marked +"_America and West Indies, No._ 481A." + + "St. Michael's Toune in ye Barbados, Sept. 30. [1670]. Jo Neuington, + Addrese w. Mr. James Drawater, Merch^t at Mr. Jo. Lindapp's, at ye + Bunch of Grapes in Ship yard by Temple barre.--All ye news I can write + from here is, y^t one Hugh Peachell, who hath been in this Island + allmost twenty years and lived w^{th} many persons of good esteem, and + was last with Coll. Barwick. It was observed that he gained much + monyes, yet none thrived lesse than hee; and falling sicke about 3 + weeks since, was much troubled in his conscience, but would not utter + himself to any but a minister, who being sent for He did acknowledge + himself ye person y^t cut of ye head of King Charles, for w^{ch} he had + 100^{lbs} and w^{th} much seeming penitence and receiving such comforts + as the Devine, one parson Leshely, an emminent man here, could afford + him, he dyed in a quarter of an hour afterwards. This you may report + for truth, allthough you should not have it from any other hand. He had + 100^{lbs} for ye doing of itt. There is one Wm. Hewit condemned for ye + same, I think now in Newgate; he will be glad you acquaint him of this + if he have it not allready." + +Oldmixon, in his _British Empire in America_, mentions a Sir John Marsham +of Barbados; was he a knight or baronet, and when did he die? + +W. DOWNING BRUCE, F.S.A. + +Middle Temple. + +_Legend represented in Frettenham Church._--Perhaps some one of your +numerous readers may {408} be able to give an explanation of the following +legend, for such I suppose it to be:-- + +In the parish church of Frettenham, co. Norfolk, several alabaster carvings +were discovered some years ago, near the chancel arch, having traces of +colour. The most perfect, and the one which had most claims to merit as a +piece of sculpture, represented a very curious scene. A horse was standing +fixed in a kind of stocks, a machine for holding animals fast while they +were being shod. But it (the horse) had only three legs: close by stood a +Bishop, or mitred Abbot, holding the horse's missing fore quarter, on the +hoof of which a smith was nailing a shoe. Of course the power which had so +easily removed a leg would as easily replace it. + +The details of the story may be very safely conjectured to have been--a +Bishop or high church dignitary is going on a journey or pilgrimage; his +horse drops a shoe; on being taken to a smith's to have it replaced, the +animal becomes restive, and cannot be shod even with the help of the +stocks; whereupon the bishop facilitates the operation in the manner before +described. One feels tempted to ask why he could not have replaced the shoe +without the smith's intervention. + +What I want to know is, of whom is this story told? I regret that not +having seen the carving in question, I can give no particulars of dress, +&c., which might help to determine its age; nor could my informant, though +he perfectly well remembered the subject represented. He told me that he +had often mentioned it to people likely to know of the existence of such a +legend, but could never gain any information respecting it. + +C. J. E. + +King's Col. Cambridge, May 9. 1851. + +_King of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace_.--In a review of Mr. Layard's +work on Nineveh (_Quarterly_, vol. lxxxiv. p. 140.) I find the following +statement: + + "The act of Sardanapalus in making his palace his own funeral pyre and + burning himself upon it, is also attributed to the king who was + overthrown by Cyaxares." + +May I ask where the authority for this statement is to be found? + +X. Z. + +_Butchers not Jurymen_.-- + + "As the law does think it fit + No butchers shall on juries sit."--Butler's _Ghost_, cant. ii. + +The vulgar error expressed in these lines is not extinct, even at the +present day. The only explanation I have seen of its origin is given in +Barrington's _Observations on the more Ancient Statutes_, p. 474., on 3 +Hen. VIII., where, after referring in the text to a statute by which +surgeons were exempted from attendance on juries, he adds in a note: + + "It may perhaps be thought singular to suppose that this exemption from + serving on juries is the foundation of the vulgar error, that a surgeon + or butcher from the barbarity of their business may be challenged as + jurors." + +Sir H. Spelman, in his _Answer to an Apology for Archbishop Abbott_, +says,-- + + "In our law, those that were exercised in slaughter of beasts, were not + received to be triers of the life of a man."--_Posth. Works_, p. 112.; + _St. Trials_, vol. ii. p. 1171. + +So learned a man as Spelman must, I think, have had some ground for this +statement, and could scarcely be repeating a vulgar error taking its rise +from a statute then hardly more than a hundred years old. I hope some of +your readers will be able to give a more satisfactory explanation than +Barrington's. + +E. S. T. T. + +_Redwing's Nest_.--I trust you will excuse my asking, if any of your +correspondents have found the nest of the redwing? for I lately discovered +what I consider as the egg of this bird in a nest containing four +blackbirds' eggs. The egg answers exactly the description given of that of +the redwing thrush, both in Bewick and Wood's _British Song Birds;_ being +bluish-green, with a few largish spots of a dark brown colour. The nest was +not lined with mud, as is usually the case with a blackbird's, but with +moss and dried grass. + +Has the egg of the redwing been ever seen in this situation before? + +C. T. A. + +Lyndon. + +_Earth thrown upon the Coffin_.--Is there anything known respecting the +origin of the ceremony of throwing earth upon the coffin at funerals? The +following note is from a little German tale, _Die Richtensteiner_, by Van +der Velde, a tale of the time of the Thirty Years' war. Whether the +ceremony is still performed in Germany as there described, I do not know. + + "Darauf warfen, nach der alten, frommen Sitte, zum letzten Lebewohl, + der Wittwer, und die Waisen drei Haende voll Erde auf den Sarg hinunter + ... Alle Zuschauer drangten sich nur um das Grab ... und aus hundert + Haenden flog die Erde hinab auf den Sarg." + +J. M. (4.) + +_Family of Rowe_.--Lysons, in his work _Environs of London_, gives an +extract from the will of Sir Thomas Rowe, of Hackney, and, as his +authority, says in a note:-- + + "_Extracts of Wills in the Prerogative Office_, by E. Rowe Mores, Esq., + in the possession of Th. Astle, Esq., F.R.A.S." + +Can any of your numerous readers inform me in whose possession the above +now is? And whether, wherever it is, it is open to inspection? + +TEE BEE. + +_Portus Canum_.--Erim, one of the biographers of Becket, states that the +archbishop's murderers {409} (_S. Thom. Cantuar_., ed. Giles, vol. i. p. +65.), having crossed from France, landed at _Portus Canum_. It has been +conjectured that this means Hythe, which is close to Saltwood Castle, where +the knights were received by Ranulph de Broc (_English Review_, December, +1846, p. 410.). Is the conjecture right? I believe Hasted does not notice +the name. + +J. C. R. + +_Arms of Sir John Davies_.--Can any of your correspondents inform me what +were the arms, crest, and motto (if any), borne by Sir John Davies, the +eminent lawyer and poet? In a collection which I have made of the armorial +bearings of the families of Davies, Davis, and Davys, amounting to more +than fifty distinct coats, there occur the arms of _three_ Sir John Davies +or Davys, but there is nothing to distinguish which of them was _the_ Sir +John. + +LLAW GYFFES. + +_William Penn_.--Will MR. HEPWORTH DIXON, or some of your correspondents, +be so good as to send a reply to this Query? + +What was the name, and whose daughter was the lady to whom William Penn +(the son of William Penn and Miss Springett) was married? + +A. N. C. + +_Who were the Writers in the North Briton?_--The _Athenaeum_ of Saturday, +May 17, contains a very interesting article on the recently published +_Correspondence of Horace Walpole with Mason_, in which certain very +palpable hits are made as to the identity of Mason and Junius. In the +course of the article the following Query occurs: + + "In the second Part of the folio edition of the _North Briton_ + published by Bingley, in the British Museum, are inserted two folio + pages of manuscript thus headed:-- + + 'The Extraordinary + NORTH BRITON. + By W. M.' + + This manuscript is professedly a copy from a publication issued June + 3rd, 1768, by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet Street, price three-pence. It + is a letter addressed to Lord Mansfield, and an appeal in favour of + Wilkes, on whom, the writer says, judgment is this day to be + pronounced. It is written somewhat in the style of Junius. The satire + is so refined that the reader does not at first suspect that it is + satire,--as in Junius's _Letters_, wherein the satirical compliments to + the King have been mistaken for praise, and quoted in proof of + inconsistency. + + "Who was this 'W. M.'? Who were the writers in the _North Briton?_--not + only 'The Extraordinary' _North Briton_, published by Steare, but the + genuine _North Briton_, published by Bingley. These questions may + perhaps be very simple, and easily answered by persons better informed + than ourselves." + +As the inquiries of your correspondent W. M. S. (Vol. iii., p. 241.) as to +the Wilkes MSS. and the writers of the _North Briton_ have not yet been +replied to, and this subject is one of great importance, will you allow me +to recall attention to them? + +F. S. A. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +"_Many a Word_."--Your correspondent's observations are perfectly correct: +we daily use quotations we know not where to find. Perhaps some of your +friends may be able to reply whence + + "Many a word, at random spoke + Will rend a heart that's well-nigh broke." + +S. P. + + [The lines will be found in Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, Canto + V. St. 18. + + "O! many a shaft, at random sent + Finds mark the archer little meant! + And many a word, at random spoken + May soothe or wound a heart's that broken!"] + +_Roman Catholic Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--Many thanks for your +reference to the _Almanach du Clerge de France_; but as I have failed to +obtain the requisite information through my booksellers, might I beg the +additional favour of knowing what is the cost of the book, and where it can +be procured? + +E. H. A. + + [The _Almanach_ to which our correspondent refers is or was published + by _Gaume freres a Paris_, and sold also by Grand, rue du + Petit-Bourbon, 6, in the same city. Its price, judging from the size of + the book, is about a couple of francs.] + +_Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--MR. DE LA PRYME'S suggestion as to the origin +of the expression "going tick" is ingenious; nevertheless I take it to be +clear that "tick" is merely an abbreviation of ticket. (See Nares's +_Glossary_, and Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, +under "Ticket.") In addition to the passages cited by them from Decker, +Cotgrave, Stephens, and Shirley, I may refer to the Act 16 Car. II. c. 7. +s. 3., which relates to gambling and betting "upon ticket or credit." + +C. H. COOPER. + +Cambridge, May 3. 1851. + + [In the _Mirrour for Magistrates_, p 421., we read:-- + + "Of _tickle credit_ ne had bin the mischiefe." + + "Tickle credit," says Pegge, "means easy credit, alluding to the + credulity of Theseus."--_Anonymiana_, cent. ii. 44. Mr. Jon Bee, in his + _Sportsman's Slang Dictionary_, gives the following definition:-- + + "_Tick_", credit in small quantities; usually _scored_ up with chalk + (called _ink_ ironically), which being done with a sound resembling + 'tick, tick, tick,' gives the appellation 'going to _tick_,' '_tick_ it + up,' 'my _tick_ is out,' 'no more _tick_!'"] + +_Hylles' Arithmetic_.--Having seen it mentioned in the public papers that a +copy of the first edition of Cocker's _Arithmetic_ (considered unique) was +lately sold at an exceedingly high price by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, I +am induced to send you a {410} copy of the title-page of an arithmetical +work in my possession which seems a curiosity in its way; but whether +unique or not, my slender bibliographical knowledge does not enable me to +determine. It is as follows: + + "The Arte of Vulgar Arithmeticke, both in Integers and Fractions, + _devided into two Bookes, whereof the first is called Nomodidactus + Numerorum_, and the second _Portus Proportionum_, with certeine + Demonstrations, reduced into so plaine and perfect Method, _as the like + hath not hetherto beene published in English_. _Wherevnto_ is added a + third Booke, entituled _Musa Mercatorum_: comprehending all the most + necessarie and profitable Rules _vsed in the trade of Merchandise_. In + all which three Bookes, the Rules, Precepts, and Maxims are _onely + composed in meeter for the better retaining of them in memorie_, but + also the operations, examples, demonstrations, and questions, _are in + most easie wise expounded and explaned, in the forme_ of a dialogue, + for the reader's more cleere vnderstanding. _A knowledge pleasant for + Gentlemen, commendable for Capteines_ and Soldiers, profitable for + Merchants, and generally _necessarie for all estates and degrees_. + Newly collected, digested, and in some part deuised by a _welwiller to + the Mathematicals_." + + "_Ecclesiasticus_, cap. 19. + + "Learning unto fooles is as fetters on their feete and manicles vpon + their right hand; but to the wise it is a Iewell of golde, and like a + Bracelet vpon his right arme. + + "_Boetius_. I. _Arith_. cap. 2. + + "_Omnia quaecunque a primaeua natura constructa sunt, Numerorum + videntur racione formata. Hoc enim fuit principale in animo conditoris + exemplar_. Imprinted at London by _Gabriel Simson_, dwelling in Fleete + Lane, 1600." + +The volume (which is a small quarto of 270 folios) is dedicated "To the +Right Honorable sir Thomas Sackuill, Knight, Baron of Buckhurst, Lord +Treasurer of England," &c. &c., by Thomas Hylles. + +Perhaps one or other of your correspondents will kindly inform me whether +this volume is a rarity, and also oblige me with some information regarding +Thomas Hylles, its author. + +SN. DAVIE, Jun. + + [Professor De Morgan, in his "_Arithmetical Books from the Invention of + printing to the present Time_," describes Hylles' work "as a big book, + heavy with mercantile lore;" and the author as being, "in spite of all + his trifling, a man of learning." A list of the author's other works + will be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, and Lowndes's + _Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature_, under the word _Hills_ + (Thomas). See also Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +VILLENAGE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 327.) + +Your correspondent H. C. wishes to know whether bondage was a reality in +the time of Philip and Mary; and, if so, when it became extinct. It was a +reality much later than that, as several cases in the books will show. +Dyer, who was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1559, +settled several in which man claimed property in his fellow-man, hearing +arguments and giving judgment on the point whether one should be a "villein +regardant" or a "villein in gross." Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the +Chief Justices_, gives the following, tried before Dyer, _C.J._: + + "A. B., seised in fee of a manor to which a villein was regardant, made + a feoffment of one acre of the manor by these words: 'I have given one + acre, &c., and further I have given and granted, &c., John S., my + villein.' Question, 'Does the villein pass to the grantee as a villein + in gross, or as a villein appendant to that acre?' The Court being + equally divided in opinion, no judgment seems to have been + given."--_Dyer_, 48 b. pl. 2. + +Another action was brought before him under these circumstances:--Butler, +Lord of the Manor of Badminton, in the county of Gloucester, contending +that Crouch was his villein regardant, entered into certain lands, which +Crouch had purchased in Somersetshire, and leased them to Fleyer. Crouch +thereupon disseised Fleyer, who brought his action against Crouch, pleading +that Butler and his ancestors were seised of Crouch and his ancestors as of +villeins regardant, from time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the +contrary. The jury found that Butler and his ancestors were seised of +Crouch and his ancestors until the first year of the reign of Henry VII.; +but, confessing themselves ignorant whether in point of law such seisin be +an actual seisin of the defendant, prayed the opinion of the Court thereon. +Dyer, _C.J._, and the other judges agreed upon this to a verdict for the +defendant, for "the lord having let an hundred years pass without redeeming +the villein or his issue, cannot, after that, claim them." (_Dyer_, 266. +pl. 11.) + +When Holt was chief justice of the King's Bench, an action was tried before +him to recover the price of a slave who had been sold in Virginia. The +verdict went for the plaintiff. In deciding upon a motion made in arrest of +judgment, Holt, _C.J._, said,--"As soon as a negro comes into England he is +free: one may be a villein in England, but not a slave." (_Cases temp. +Holt_, 405.) + +As to the period at which villenage in England became extinct, we find in +_Litt_. (sec. 185.):-- + + "Villenage is supposed to have finally disappeared in the reign of + James I., but there is great difficulty in saying when it ceased to be + lawful, for there has been no statute to abolish it; and by the old + law, if any freeman acknowledged himself in a court of record to be a + villein, he and all his after-born issue and their descendants were + villeins." + +Even so late as the middle of the eighteenth century, when the great Lord +Mansfield adorned {411} the bench, it was pleaded "that villenage, or +slavery, had been permitted in England by the common law; that no statute +had ever passed to abolish this _status_;" and that "although _de facto_ +villenage by birth had ceased, a man might still make himself a villein by +acknowledgment in a court of record." This was in the celebrated case of +the negro Somersett, in which Lord Mansfield first established that "the +air of England had long been too pure for a slave." In his judgment he +says,-- + + "... Then what ground is there for saying that the _status_ of slavery + is now recognised by the law of England?... At any rate, villenage has + ceased in England, and it cannot be revived."--_St. Tr._, vol. xx. pp. + 1-82. + +And Macaulay, in his admirable _History of England_, speaking of the +gradual and silent extinction of villenage, then, towards the close of the +Tudor period, fast approaching completion, says: + + "Some faint traces of the institution of villenage were detected by the + curious as late as the days of the Stuarts; nor has that institution + ever to this hour been abolished by statute." + +TEE BEE. + +_Villenage_ (Vol. iii., p. 327.).--In reply to the question put by H. C., I +beg to say that in Burton's _Leicestershire_ (published in 1622), a copy of +which is now before me, some curious remarks occur on this subject. Burton +says, under the head of "Houghton-on-the-Hill," that the last case he could +find in print, concerning the claim to a villein, was in Mich. 9 & 10 Eliz. +(_Dyer_, 266. b.), where one Butler, Lord of the Manor of Badminton in +Gloucestershire, did claim one Crouch for his villein regardant to his said +manor, and made an entry upon Crouch's lands in Somersetshire. Upon an +answer made by Crouch, an _ejectione firmae_ was brought in the King's +Bench; and upon the evidence it was moved, that as no seizure of the body +had been made, or claim set up by the lord, for sixty years preceding, none +could then be made. The Court held, in accordance with this, that no +seizure could be made. I do not know what the reference means; perhaps some +of your legal correspondents may do so. + +JAYTEE. + + * * * * * + +MACLEAN NOT JUNIUS. + +(Vol. iii., p. 378.) + +Your correspondent AEGROTUS (_ante_, p. 378.) is not justified in writing +so confidently on a subject respecting which he is so little informed. He +is evidently not even aware that the claims of Maclean have been ably and +elaborately set forth by Sir David Brewster, and, as I think, conclusively, +on the evidence, set aside in the _Athenaeum_. He has, however, been +pleased to new vamp some old stories, to which he gives something of +novelty by telling them "with a difference." I remember, indeed, four or +five years since, to have seen a letter on this subject, written by Mr. +Pickering, the bookseller, to the late Sir Harris Nicolas, in which the +same statements were made, supported by the same authorities,--which, in +fact, corresponded so exactly with the communication of AEGROTUS, that I +must believe either that your correspondent has seen that letter, or that +both writers had their information from a common story-teller. + +Respecting the "vellum-bound copy" locked up in the ebony cabinet in +possession of the late Marquis of Lansdowne, Mr. Pickering's version came +nearer to the authority; for he said, "_My informant saw_ the bound volumes +and the cabinet _when a boy_." The proof then rests on the recollection of +an Anonymous, who speaks positively as to what took place nearly half a +century since; and this anonymous boy, we are to believe, was already so +interested about Junius as to notice the fact at the time, and remember it +ever after. Against the probabilities of this we might urge, that the +present Marquis--who was born in 1780, and came to the title in 1809, is +probably as old, or older than Anonymous; as much interested in a question +believed by many persons, AEGROTUS amongst them, intimately to concern his +father, and quite as precocious, for he was Chancellor of the Exchequer in +1805--never saw or heard of either the volumes or the cabinet; and, as +AEGROTUS admits, after a search expressly made by his order, they could not +be found. Further, allow me to remind you, that it is not more than six +weeks since it was recorded in "NOTES AND QUERIES" that a "vellum-bound" +Junius was lately sold at Stowe; and it is about two months since I learnt, +on the same authority, that a Mr. Cramp had asserted that vellum-bound +copies were so common, that the printer must have taken the Junius copy as +a pattern; so that, if AEGROTUS'S facts be admitted, they would prove +nothing. There is one circumstance, however, bearing on this question, +which perhaps AEGROTUS himself will think entitled to some weight. It was +not until 1812, when George Woodfall published the private letters of +Junius, that the public first heard about "a vellum-bound" copy. If +therefore the Anonymous knew before 1809 that some special interest did or +would attach more to one vellum-bound book than another, he must be Junius +himself; for Sampson Woodfall was dead, and when living had said nothing +about it. + +AEGROTUS then favours us with the anecdote about "old Mr. Cox" the printer, +and that Maclean corrected the proofs of _Junius' Letters_ at his +printing-office. Of course, persons acquainted with the subject have heard +the story before, though not with all the circumstantialities now given. +Where, I might ask, is the authority for {412} this story? Who is +responsible for it? But the emphatic question which common sense will ask +is this: Why should Junius go to Mr. Cox's printing-office to correct his +proofs? Where he wrote the letters he might surely have corrected the +proofs. Why, after all his trouble, anxiety, and mystification to keep the +secret, should he needlessly go to anybody's printing-office to correct the +proofs, and thus wantonly risk the consequences?--in fact, go there and +betray himself, as we are expected to believe he did? The story is absurd, +on the face of it. But what authority has AEGROTUS for asserting that +Junius corrected proofs at all? Strong presumptive evidence leads me to +believe that he did not: in some instances he could not. In one instance he +specially desired to have a proof; but it was, as we now know, for the +purpose of forwarding it to Lord Chatham. Junius was also anxious to have +proofs of the Dedication and Preface, but it is by no means certain that he +had them; the evidence tends to show that they were, at Woodfall's request, +and to remove from his own shoulders the threatened responsibility, read by +Wilkes: and the collected edition was printed from Wheble's edition, so far +as it went, and the remainder from slips cut from the _Public Advertiser_, +both corrected by Junius; but we have no reason to believe that Junius ever +saw a proof, even of the collected edition,--many reasons that tend +strongly to the contrary opinion. Under these circumstances, we are +required to believe an anonymous story, which runs counter to all evidence, +that we may superadd an absurdity. + +Mr. Pickering further referred to Mr. Raphael West, as one who "could tell +much on the subject." Here AEGROTUS enlarges on the original, and tells us +what this "much" consisted of. The story, professedly told by Benjamin +West, about Maclean and Junius, on which Sir David Brewster founded his +theory, may be found in Galt's _Life of West_. But Galt himself, in his +subsequent autobiography, admits that the story told by West "does not +relate the actual circumstances of the case correctly;" that is to say, +Galt had found out, in the interval, that it was open to contradiction and +disproof, and it has since been disproved in the _Athenaeum_. So much for a +story discredited by the narrator himself. Of these facts AEGROTUS is +entirely ignorant, and therefore proceeds by the following extraordinary +circumstantialities to uphold it. "The late President of the Royal Academy +knew Maclean; and his son, the late Raphael West, _told the writer of these +remarks_ [AEGROTUS himself] that _when a young man_ he had seen him +[Maclean] in the evening at his father's house in Newman Street, and _once +heard him repeat a passage in one of the letters which was not then +published_;" and AEGROTUS adds, "a more correct and veracious man than Mr. +R. West could not be." So be it. Still it is strange that the President, +who was said to have told his anecdote expressly to show that Maclean was +Junius, never thought to confirm it by the conclusive proof of having read +the letters before they were published! Further,--and we leave the question +of extreme accuracy and _veraciousness_ to be settled by AEGROTUS,--the +President West was born in 1738; he embarked from America for Italy in +1759; on his return he visited England in 1763, and such was the patronage +with which he was welcomed, that his friends recommended him to take up his +residence in London. This he was willing to do, provided a young American +lady to whom he was attached would come to England. She consented; his +father accompanied her, and they were married on the 2nd of September, +1765, at St. Martin's Church. Now Maclean embarked for India in December, +1773, or January, 1774, and was lost at sea, when "the young man," Master +Raphael, could not have been more than seven years of age,--nay, to speak +by the card, as Master Raphael heard one of Junius' letters read before it +was published, and as the last was published in January, 1772, it follows, +assuming that he was the eldest child, born in nine months to the hour, and +that it was the very last letter that he heard read, he _may have been_ +five years and seven months old--a very "young man" indeed; or rather, all +circumstances considered, as precocious a youth as he who found out the +vellum-bound copy years before it was known to be in existence. + +I regret to have occupied so much of your space. But speculation on this +subject is just now the fashion. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is likely hereafter to +become an authority, and if these circumstantial statements are admitted +into its columns, they must be as circumstantially disproved. + +M. J. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_The Ten Commandments_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--The controversy on the +division of the Ten Commandments between the Romanists and Lutherans on the +one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists on the other, has been discussed +in the following works--1. Goth (Cardinalis), _Vera Ecclesia, &c._, Venet., +1750 (Art. xvi. s. 7.); 2. Chamieri _Panstratia_ (tom i. l. xxi. c. viii.); +3. Riveti _Opera_ (tom. i. p. 1227., and tom. iii. _Apologeticus pro vera +Pace Ecclesiastica contra H. Grotii Votum_.); 4. Bohlii _Vera divisio +Decalogi ex infallibili principio accentuationis_; 5. Hackspanii _Notae +Philologicae in varia loca S. Scripturae_; 6. Pfeifferi _Opera_ (Cent. i. +Loc. 96.); 7. Ussher's _Answer to a Jesuit's Challenge (of Images) and his +Serm. at Westminster before the House of Commons, out of Deuteronomy, chap. +iv. ver_. 15, 16., _and Romans, chap. i. ver._ 23.; 8. Stillingfleet's +_Controversies with Godden, Author of "Catholics no Idolaters," and_ {413} +_with Gother, Author of "The Papist Misrepresented," &c._ + +The earliest notices of the division of the Decalogue, are those of +Josephus, lib. iii. c. 5. s. 5.; Philo-Judaeus _de Decem Oraculis_; and the +Chaldaic Paraphrase of Jonathan. According to these, the third verse of +Exod. xx. contains the first commandment; the fourth, fifth, and sixth, the +second. The same distinction was adopted by the following early +writers:--Origen (_Homil. viii. in Exod._), Greg. Nazienzen (_Carmina Mosis +Decalogus_), Irenaeus (lib. iii. c. 42.), Athanasius (_in Synopsi S. +Scripturae_), Ambrose (_in Ep. ad Ephes. c. vi._). + +It was first abandoned by Augustine, who was instigated to introduce this +innovation by the unwarranted representation of the doctrine of the Trinity +by the First Tablet containing three commandments. The schoolmen followed +his example, and accommodated the words of God to the legislative +requirements of their new divinity, progressive development, which +terminated in the Church of Rome, in compelling them to command what He +strictly prohibits (See Ussher's _Answer_.) + + "Hath God himself any where declared this to be only an explication of + the first commandment? Have the prophets or Christ and His apostles + ever done it? How then can any man's conscience be safe in this matter? + For it is not a trifling controversy whether it be a distinct + commandment or an explication of the first; but the lawfulness or + unlawfulness of the worship of images depends very much upon it, for if + it be only an explication of the first, then, unless one takes images + to be gods, their worship is lawful, and so the heathens were excused + in it, who were not such idiots; but if it be a new and distinct + precept, then the worshipping any image or similitude becomes a + grievous sin, and exposes men to the wrath of God in that severe manner + mentioned in the end of it. And it is a great confirmation that this is + the true meaning of it, because all the primitive writers[20] of the + Christian Church not only thought it a sin against this commandment, + but insisted upon the force of it against those heathens who denied + that they took their images for gods; and, therefore, this is a very + insufficient account of leaving out the second commandment (that the + people are in no danger of superstition or idolatry by + it.)."--Stillingfleet's _Doctrines of the Church of Rome, 25. Of the + Second Commandment_. + + "If God allow the worship of the represented by the representation, he + would never have forbidden that worship absolutely, which is unlawful + only in a certain respect."--Ibid. _Answer to the Conclusion_. + +With your permission I shall return to this subject, not of Images, but of +the Second Commandment, in reply to MR. GATTY'S Queries on the division at +present adopted by the Jews, &c. + +T. JONES. + +Chetham's Library, Manchester. + +[Footnote 20: Thus St. Augustine himself: "In the first commandment, any +similitude of God in the figments of men is forbidden to be worshipped, not +because God hath not an image, but because no image of Him ought to be +worshipped, but that which is the same thing that He is, nor yet that for +Him but with Him."--See what is further cited from Augustine by Ussher in +his _Answer_.] + +_Mounds, Munts, Mount_ (Vol. iii., p. 187.).--If R. W. B. will refer to Mr. +Lower's paper on the "Iron Works of the County of Sussex" in the second +volume of the _Sussex Archaelogical Collections_, he will find that iron +works were carried on in the parish of Maresfield in 1724, and probably +much later. It is therefore probable that the lands which he mentions have +derived their names from the pit-mounts round the mouths of the pits +through which the iron ore was raised to the surface. In Staffordshire and +Shropshire the term _munt_ is used to denote fire-clay of an inferior kind, +which makes a large part of every coal-pit mount in those counties. If the +same kind of fire-clay was found in the iron mines of Sussex, it is not +necessary to suggest the derivation of the word _munt_. + +I take this opportunity of suggesting to MR. ALBERT WAY that the utensil +figured in page 179. of the above-mentioned work is not an ancient +mustard-mill, but the upper part of an iron mould in which cannon-shot were +cast. The iron tongs, of which a drawing is given in page 179., were +probably useful for the purpose of drawing along a floor recently cast shot +while they were too hot to be handled. + +V. X. Y. + +_San Graal_ (Vol. iii., pp 224. 281.).--Roquefort's article of nine columns +in his _Glos. de la L. Rom._, is decisive of the word being derived from +_Sancta Cratera;_ of _Graal, Greal_, always having meant a vessel or dish +and of all the old romancers having understood the expression in the same +meaning, namely, _Sancta Cratera, le Saint Graal, the Holy Cup or Vessel_, +because, according to the legend, Christ used it at the Paschal Supper; and +Joseph of Arimathea afterwards employed it to catch the blood flowing from +his wounds. Many cities formerly claimed the honour of possessing this +fabulous relic. Of course, as Price shows, it was an old Oriental +magic-dish legend, imitated in the West. + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + +Stockholm. + +_Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke_ (Vol. iii., pp 262. 307.).--It has +been asserted that the second part of this epitaph was written by Lady +Pembroke's son; among whose poems, which were published in 1660, the whole +piece was included. (Park's _Walpole_, ii. 203. _note_; Gifford's _Ben +Jonson_, viii. 337.) But it is notorious, that no confidence whatever can +be placed in that volume (see this shown in detail in Mr. Hannah's edit. of +Poems by Wotton and Raleigh, pp. 61. 63.); nor have we any right to +distribute the two parts between different authors. There are at least +_four_ {414} old copies of the whole; two in MSS. which are referred to by +Mr. Hannah; the one in Pembroke's _Poems_; and the one in that Lansdowne +MS., where it is ascribed to William Browne. Brydges assigned it to Browne, +when he published his _Original Poems_ from that MS. at the Lee Priory +Press in 1815, p. 5. Upon the whole, there seems to be more direct evidence +for Browne than any other person. + +R. + + * * * * * + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_A History of the Articles of Religion: to which is added a Series of +Documents from_ A.D. _1536 to_ A.D. _1615; together with Illustrations from +Contemporary Sources_, by Charles Hardwick, M.A., is the title of an octavo +volume, in which the author seeks to supply a want long felt, especially by +students for Holy Orders; namely, a work which should show not the +_doctrine_ but the _history_ of the Articles. For, as he well observes, +while many have enriched our literature by expositions of the _doctrine_ of +the Articles, "no regular attempt has been made to illustrate the framing +of the Formulary itself, either by viewing it in connection with the +kindred publications of an earlier and a later date, or still more in its +relation to the period out of which it originally grew." This attempt Mr. +Hardwick has now made very successfully; and it is because his book is +historical and not polemical, that we feel called upon to notice it, and to +bear our testimony to its interest, and its value to that "large class of +readers who, anxious to be accurately informed upon the subject, are +precluded from consulting the voluminous collectors, such as Strype, Le +Plat, or Wilkins." Such readers will find Mr. Hardwick's volume a most +valuable handbook. + +A practical illustration that "union is strength," is shown by a volume +which has just reached us, entitled, _Reports and Papers read at the +Meetings of the Architectural Societies of the Archdeaconry of Northampton, +the Counties of York and Lincoln, and of the Architectural and +Archaeological Societies of Bedfordshire and St. Alban's during the Year +_MDCCCL. _Presented gratuitously to the Members._ Had each of these +Societies, instead of joining with its fellows, put forth a separate +Report, the probability is, it would not only have involved such Society in +an expense far beyond what it would be justified in incurring, but the +Report itself would not have excited half the interest which will now be +created by a comparison of its papers with those of its associate +Societies; while, with the reduced expense, the benefit of a larger +circulation is secured. The volume is one highly creditable to the +Societies, and to the authors of the various communications which are to be +found in it. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will be engaged on Monday and +two following days in the Sale of a Library rich in works on every branch +of what is now known as Folk Lore and Popular Antiquities, and which may +certainly, and with great propriety, be styled "a very curious collection." +The mere enumeration of the various subjects on the title-page of the +Catalogue, ranging, as they do, from Mesmerism and Magic, to Celestial +Influences, Phrenology, Physiognomy, &c., might serve for the Table of +Contents to a History of Human Weakness. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Neander's History of the Planting and Training of the +Christian Church by the Apostles, translated from the third edition of the +original German by J. E. Ryland_, is the fourth volume of the Standard +Library which Mr. Bohn has devoted to translations of the writings of +Neander; the first and second being his _Church History_, in two volumes, +and the third his _Life of Christ_.--_Cosmos, a Sketch of the Physical +Description of the Universe by Alexander Von Humboldt, translated from the +German by E. C. Otte_, vol. iii., is the new volume of Bohn's Scientific +Library, and completes his edition of the translation of the great work of +the Prussian philosopher. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Adam Holden's (60. High Street, Exeter) Catalogue +Part XXXI. of Books in every Department of Literature; J. Wheldon's (4. +Paternoster Row) Catalogue Part III. for 1851, of a valuable Collection of +Topographical Books; J. Rowsell's (28. Great Queen Street) Catalogue No. +XLIII. of a select Collection of Second-hand Books. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon. +1634-57. + +PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522. + +CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681. + +BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705. + +THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edin. 1801. + +THOMS' LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834. + +L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, +1713. + +CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite, de +l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la +Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. +La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719. + +The Same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le +Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres, 1721. + +PULLEN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM, 8vo. + +COOPER'S (C. P.) ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS, 8vo. 1822. Vol. I. + +LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII. + +MILLER'S (JOHN, OF WORCESTER COLL.) SERMONS. Oxford, 1831 (or about that +year). + +WHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Vol. II. + +PHEBUS (Gaston, Conte de Foix), Livre du deduyt de la Chasse. + +TURNER'S SACRED HISTORY. 3 vols. demy 8vo. + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. IV. Commencing from Abdication +of James II. + +LORD DOVER'S LIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 8vo. 1832. Vol. II. + +LADIES' DIARY FOR 1825 AND 1826. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +QUIDAM. _Vernon's_ Anglo-Saxon Guide _should be followed up by Thorpe's_ +Analecta _and_ Anglo-Saxon Gospels. + +SILENUS. _If our correspondent will refer to our First Volume_, pp. 177. +203. 210. 340., _and our Second Volume_, p. 3., _he will find the history +of the well-known couplet from the_ Musarum Deliciae, + + "For he that fights, and runs away, + May live to fight another day," + +_fully illustrated._ + +WRITING PAPER. _Will our correspondent, who sometime since_ {415} _sent us +a specimen manufactured at Penshurst, favour us for the information of +another correspondent with the name of the maker?_ + +RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS. _We hope next week to return to this +important subject. In the meantime, Mr. A. J. Dunkin, of Dartford, +announces that the first part of his_ MONUMENT. ANGLIC. _is in the press, +and will be published in July._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Meaning of Crambe--Ex Pede Herculem--Cardinal +Azolin--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Poem on the Grave--Bunyan and the Visions +of Hell--Colfabias--Coptic Language--Benedicite--Amicus Plato--Doctrine of +the Resurrection--Registry of Dissenting Baptisms--The Bellman--Babington's +Conspiracy--Epitaph--Quotations--Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots--Robertii +Sphaeria--Ob--Blake Family--To endeavour oneself--Cart before the +Horse--Anonymous Ravennas--Family of Sir J. Banks--Mind your P's and +Q's--Mazer Wood._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_Errata._--Page 380. col. 1. lines 12. and 13. for _"Prichard"_ read +_"Richards;"_ p. 389., in the Query on the "Blake Family," for "Bishop's +H_a_ll" read "Bishop's H_u_ll;" p. 390. col. 2. l. 29., for "_frag_ments" +read "payments;" and l. 30., for "South _Green_" read "South Lynn;" p. 393. +col. 2. l. 11., for "T_ur_ners" read "T_an_ners." + + * * * * * + + +MECHI'S MANUFACTURES. + +MR. MECHI respectfully informs his Patrons, the Public, that his +MANUFACTURES at the GREAT EXHIBITION will be found in the GALLERY at the +NORTH-EAST CORNER of the TRANSEPT. + +4. Leadenhall Street, London, May 2, 1851. + +P.S.--In order to afford room for the great accession of Stock which Mechi +has provided to meet the demand consequent upon the anticipated influx of +visitors to London during this season, he has fitted up an additional Show +Room of great splendour, and made other improvements, to which he earnestly +invites public attention. + + * * * * * + + +In 2 Vols., price 7s., with Portrait and numerous Illustrations, + +CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, and other Poems; with a Life of the Author; +Remarks on his Language and Versification: a Glossary and Index; and a +concise History of English Poetry. + +London: G. BERGER, and all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, + +SIR REGINALD MOHUN. Cantos I., II., III. + +By GEORGE JOHN CAYLEY. Part IV. 7s. 6d. + + "Has a vivid and prolific fancy, great humour, brilliant imagery and + depth of feeling. Sir Reginald Mohun, in truth, is a production + finished of its kind both in style and power."--_Daily News_. + + "A vehicle for presenting the writer's views of society, exactly after + the manner of the latter part of _Don Juan_."--_Spectator_. + + "The work of a man of genius, full of fine poetry, and as amusing as a + novel."-- _Gardener's and Farmer's Journal_. + + "A picture in verse of society as it is."--_Sunday Times_. + + "We part from our author with the warmest good wishes for his journey + on the path to fame and honours, which we feel certain he will + merit."--_Tait's Magazine_. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +Price 4s. 6d., cloth, a new and enlarged Edition of + +SOMNOLISM and PSYCHEISM; or, the Science of the Soul, and the Phenomena of +Nervation, as revealed by Mesmerism, considered Physiologically and +Philosophically; including Notes of Mesmeric and Psychical Experience. By +JOSEPH WILCOX HADDOCK, M.D. Second and enlarged Edition, illustrated by +Engravings of the Brain and Nervous System. + +*** This Edition contains much new matter of considerable interest, +relative to Clairvoyance, together with Experiments in Chemistry in +connection with the Researches of Baron Von Reichenbach. + +HODSON, 22. Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn; and all other Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +Topography.--J. WHELDON'S New Catalogue of Books for Sale on English and +Welsh Topography, Local History, &c., is just published, and may be had +Gratis on Application, or will be sent by Post on the receipt of a Stamp. + +London: JOHN WHELDON, 4. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORKS. + + * * * * * + +I. + +THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY. + +LONDON in 1850 and 1851. By J. R. MCCULLOCH. Reprinted from the +"Geographical Dictionary." 16mo. One Shilling. + +II. + +FORESTER AND BIDDULPH'S RAMBLES in NORWAY in 1848 and 1849. Map, Plates and +Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. + +III. + +MAUNDER'S SCIENTIFIC and LITERARY TREASURY; A portable Encyclopaedia of the +Belles-Lettres. Fcp. 8vo. 10s.; bound, 12s. + +IV. + +SIR HENRY THOS. DE LA BECHE'S GEOLOGICAL OBSERVER. In One large Volume; +with many Woodcuts. 8vo. 18s. + +V. + +MAUNDER'S TREASURY of NATURAL HISTORY, or Popular Dictionary of Animated +Nature. Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo. 10s.; bound, 12s. + +VI. + +THE REV. C. MOODY'S EDITION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, with complete Marginal +Harmony. Part II. completing the Work. 4to. 13s. + +VII. + +MARIE-MADELEINE: a Tale, translated from the French, by LADY MARY FOX. With +Illustrations engraved on Wood. 8vo. 10s. 6d. + +VIII. + +SMEE'S PROCESS OF THOUGHT ADAPTED TO WORDS AND LANGUAGE. Describing the +Relational and Differential Machines. 8vo. 7s. + +IX. + +LOGIC FOR THE MILLION: a familiar Exposition of the Art of Reasoning. By a +Fellow of the Royal Society. 12mo. 6s. + +X. + +A TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. Edited, from an Original MS., by DAVID JARDINE, +Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Fcp. 8vo. 5s. + +XI. + +THE THEORY OF REASONING. By SAMUEL BAILEY. 8vo. 7s. 6d. + +XII. + +ROWTON'S DEBATER: A Series of Debates, Outlines of Debates, and Questions +for Discussion. Second Edition (1851). Fcp. 8vo. 6s. + +XIII. + +MAUNDER'S TREASURY of KNOWLEDGE and LIBRARY of REFERENCE: A Compendium of +General Knowledge. Fcp. 8vo. 10s.; bound, 12s. + +XIV. + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; with Sketches of their Lives, &c. By EDWARD FOSS, +F.S.A., of the Inner Temple. Vols. III. and IV. 8vo. + +[_Early in June_. + +XV. + +MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY. New Edition, corrected and extended to the +Year 1851. Fcp. 8vo., 10s.; bound, 12s. + +XVI. + +LIFE OF EDWARD BAINES, late M.P. for Leeds. By his SON. With Portrait +engraved in line by W. Greatbach. 8vo. 9s. + +XVII. + +MOORE'S IRISH MELODIES. Illustrated with 161 Plates by D. MACLISE, R.A. +Imperial 8vo. 63s.; morocco, 4l. 14s. 6d.; Proofs, 6l. 6s. + +XVIII. + +THOMPSON'S SEASONS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY, and illustrated by the Etching +Club. Square crown 8vo., 21s.; morocco, 36s. + +XIX. + +LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Second Edition (1851); with +Fac-simile of Autograph of Napoleon. Post 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +XX. + +MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF HISTORY. Comprising a separate History of Every +Nation. Fcp. 8vo., 10s.; bound, 12s. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +{416} [Illustration] + +GREAT EXHIBITION. + + * * * * * + +CENTRAL AVENUE. + + * * * * * + +An Illustrated Priced Catalogue of Church Furniture Contributed by + + GILBERT J. FRENCH, + BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +forwarded Free by Post on application. + + * * * * * + +Parcels delivered Carriage Free in London, daily. + + * * * * * + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, + +50. REGENT STREET. + +CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. +Established 1806. + +Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818l. + +Annual Income, 150,000l.--Bonuses Declared, 743,000l. +Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450l. + +_President._ +The Right Honourable EARL GREY. + +_Directors._ +The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman._ +Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman._ + + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird + Thomas Maugham, Esq. + William Ostler, Esq. + Apsley Pellatt, Esq. + George Round, Esq. + Frederick Squire, Esq. + William Henry Stone, Esq. + Capt. William John Williams. + +J. A. Beaumont, Esq. _Managing Director._ + +_Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague +Square. + + * * * * * + +NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. + + * * * * * + +Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. + + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + | | | | Bonuses added | + | Date | Sum | | subsequently, to be | + | of | Insured. | Original Premium. | further increased | + | Policy. | | | annually. | + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + | 1806 | L2500 |L79 10 10 Extinguished| L1222 2 0 | + | 1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 8 | + | 1818 | 1000 | 34 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10 | + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. + + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + | | | | | Total with Additions, | + | Policy | Date. | Sum | Bonuses | to be further | + | No. | | Insured. | added. | increased. | + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + | 521 | 1807 | L900 | L982 12 1 | L1882 12 1 | + | 1174 | 1810 | 1200 | 1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6 | + | 3392 | 1820 | 5000 | 3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8 | + ------------------------------------------------------------------- + +Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the +Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, at +the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + + +Beautifully printed in 8vo., price 7s. 6d.; or postage free, 8s. 6d.; +illustrated by Eighty splendid Pictures, engraved by GEORGE MEASOM. + +DEDICATED TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. + +GILBERT'S DESCRIPTION of the CRYSTAL PALACE: its Architectural History and +Constructive Marvels. By PETER BERLYN and CHARLES FOWLER, Jun., Esqs. The +Engravings depict the various peculiarities and novelties of this wonderful +Building, as well as the Machinery, &c., used in its construction. The +combined ambition of the Proprietor, Authors, and Artists, has been to +produce a Book worthy of being purchased by every Visitor to the Exhibition +as an attractive and interesting memento. + +"The authors exhibit, by means of a series of very clever engravings, its +gradual progress to a complete state."--_The Examiner_. + +"The book is based on public and professional documents, and fully +illustrated by plates. The best designs laid before the Committee, and +buildings previously erected for similar purposes, are also given."--_The +Spectator_. + +"We most warmly recommend this history of the Crystal Palace."--_The +Standard of Freedom_. + +"The word embodies a variety of interesting facts; the whole illustrated by +many excellent illustrations in order to convey an idea of the auxiliaries +employed to facilitate and bring to perfection this glorious work."--_The +Weekly Dispatch_. + +London: JAMES GILBERT, 49. Paternoster Row. Orders received by all +Booksellers, &c. + + * * * * * + + +Price 2s. 6d.; by Post 3s. + +ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the REV. +S. R. MAITLAND, DD. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the late Archbishop +of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth. + + "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever + read."--_Morning Herald_. + + "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger + work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._ + + "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the practices + of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal_. + + "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the + 'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong. + We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he + will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London Medical Gazette_. + + "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important. + That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we + ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but + we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing + about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has come to this at last) with the + subject."--_Dublin Evening Post_. + + "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one + whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine + character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter + Gazette_. + + "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention of the subject for + many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his + thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have + been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our + readers to the pamphlet itself."--_Brit. Mag._ + + * * * * * + + +This day is published, + +[Greek: E PALAIA DIATHEKE kata tous EBDOMEKONTA.] The Greek Septuagint +Version, with the Apocrypha, including the Fourth Book of Maccabees, and +the real Septuagint Version of Daniel: with an Historical Introduction. One +Volume 8vo., 18s. + +[Greek: E KAINE DIATHEKE.] A Large-print Greek New Testament, with selected +various Readings and Parallel References, &c. &c. One Volume 8vo., 12s. +Uniform with the Septuagint. + +London: SAMUEL BAGSTER and Sons, 15. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +Books relating to America, Voyages, Maps, Charts, &c. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, June 4, and +following Day, a curious and valuable Library, including a collection of +interesting and rare works relating to America and its territories, their +history, natural history, progress, language, and literature; also relating +to Mexico, the East and West Indies, &c.; several very curious Voyages, +Travels, and Itineraries, including some pieces of the utmost rarity; a few +curious works on the Indian Languages; and a very extensive and highly +valuable collection of Maps and Charts in the finest condition. Catalogues +will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 24. 1851. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 28311.txt or 28311.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/3/1/28311/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |