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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: March 11, 2009 [EBook #28311]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{401}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 82.]
+SATURDAY, MAY 24. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                               Page
+
+  Note upon a Passage in "Measure for Measure"            401
+
+  Rhyming Latin Version of the Song on Robin Goodfellow,
+  by S. W. Singer                                         402
+
+  Folk Lore:--Devonshire Folk Lore: 1. Storms from
+  Conjuring; 2. The Heath-hounds; 3. Cock scares the
+  Fiend; 4. Cranmere Pool--St. Uncumber and the
+  offering of Oats--"Similia similibus curantur"--Cure
+  of large Neck                                           404
+
+  Dibdin's Library Companion                              405
+
+  Minor Notes:--A Note on Dress--Curious Omen at
+  Marriage--Ventriloquist Hoax--Barker, the original
+  Panorama Painter                                        406
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Minor Queries:--Vegetable Sympathy--Court Dress--Dieu
+  et mon Droit--Cachecope Bell--The Image
+  of both Churches--Double Names--"If this fair
+  Flower," &c.--Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham--Legend
+  represented in Frettenham Church--King
+  of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace--Butchers not
+  Jurymen--Redwing's Nest--Earth thrown upon the
+  Coffin--Family of Rowe--Portus Canum--Arms of
+  Sir John Davies--William Penn--Who were the
+  Writers in the North Briton?                            407
+
+  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--"Many a Word"--Roman
+  Catholic Church--Tick--Hylles' Arithmetic               409
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Villenage                                               410
+
+  Maclean not Junius                                      411
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--The Ten Commandments--
+  Mounds, Munts, Mounts--San Graal--Epitaph on
+  the Countess of Pembroke                                412
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                  414
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            414
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                               414
+
+  Advertisements                                          415
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+NOTE UPON A PASSAGE IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
+
+The Third Act of _Measure for Measure_ opens with Isabella's visit to her
+brother (Claudio) in the dungeon, where he lies under sentence of death. In
+accordance with Claudio's earnest entreaty, she has sued for mercy to
+Angelo, the sanctimonious deputy, and in the course of her allusion to the
+only terms upon which Angelo is willing to remit the sentence, she informs
+him that he "must die," and then continues:
+
+                  "This outward-sainted deputy,--
+  Whose settled visage and deliberate word
+  Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew,
+  As falcon doth the fowl,--is yet a devil;
+  His filth within being cast, he would appear
+  A pond as deep as hell."
+
+Whereupon (according to the reading of the folio of 1623) Claudio, who is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
+
+  "The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
+
+To which Isabella replies (according to the reading of the same edition):
+
+  "O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
+  The damned'st body to invest and cover
+  In _prenzie_ guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,
+  If I would yield him my virginity,
+  Thou might'st be freed?"
+
+Claudio, still incredulous, rejoins:
+
+  "O, heavens! it cannot be."
+
+The word _prenzie_ has given rise to much annotation, and it seems to be
+universally agreed that the word is a misprint. The question is, what was
+the word actually written, or intended, by Shakspeare? Steevens and Malone
+suggested "princely;" Warburton, "priestly;" and Tieck, "precise." Mr.
+Knight adopts "precise," the reading of Tieck, and thinks "that, having to
+choose some word which would have the double merit of agreeing with the
+sense of the passage and be similar in the number and form of the letters,
+nothing can be more unfortunate than the correction of "princely;" Mr.
+Collier, on the other hand, follows Steevens and Malone, and reads
+"princely," observing the Tieck's reading ("precise") "sounds ill as
+regards the metre, the accent falling on the wrong syllable. Mr. Collier's
+choice is determined by the _authority_ of the second folio, which he
+considers ought to have considerable weight, whilst Mr. Knight regards the
+authority of that edition as very trifling; and the only point of agreement
+between the two distinguished recent editors is with respect to Warburton's
+word "priestly," which they both seem to think nearly conveys the meaning
+of the poet.
+
+I have over and over again considered the several emendations which have
+been suggested, and it seems to me that none of them answer all the
+necessary conditions; namely, that the word adopted shall be (1.) suitable
+to the reputed character of Angelo; (2.) an appropriate epithet to the word
+"guards," in the reply of Isabella above quoted; (3.) of the proper metre
+in both {402} places in which the misprint occurred; and (4.) similar in
+appearance to the word "prenzie." "Princely" does not agree with the sense
+or spirit of the particular passage; for it is extremely improbable that
+Claudio, when confined under sentence of death for an absurd and
+insufficient cause, would use a term of mere compliment to the man by whom
+he had been doomed. "Precise" and "priestly" are both far better than
+"princely;" but "precise" is wholly unsuited to the metre in both places,
+and "priestly" points too much to a special character to be appropriate to
+Angelo's office and position. It may also be remarked, that both "princely"
+and "priestly" differ from the number and form of the letters contained in
+"prenzie."
+
+The word which I venture to suggest is "PENSIVE," a word particularly
+applicable to a person of saintly habits, and which is so applied by Milton
+in "Il Penseroso:"
+
+  "Come, pensive nun, devout and pure,
+  Sober, stedfast, and demure."
+
+The word "pensive" is stated by Dr. Johnson to mean "sorrowfully
+thoughtful, sorrowfully serious," or melancholy; and that such epithets are
+appropriate to the reputed character of Angelo will be seen from the
+following extracts:
+
+  "I implore her, in my service, that she make friends
+  To the strict deputy."--_Claudio_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+  "I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,
+  A man of stricture, and firm abstinence."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+                  "Lord Angelo is precise;
+  Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses
+  That his blood flows, or that his appetite
+  Is more to bread than stone."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+                  "A man, whose blood
+  Is very snow-broth; one who never feels
+  The wanton stings and motions of the sense,
+  But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge
+  With profits of the mind, study and fast."--_Lucio_, Act I. Sc. 5.
+
+See also Angelo's portraiture of himself in the soliloquy at the
+commencement of Act II. Sc. 4.:
+
+                  "My gravity,
+  Wherein (let no man hear me) I take pride,
+  Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume
+  Which the air beats for vain."
+
+And, lastly, the passage immediately under consideration:
+
+                  "This outward-sainted deputy,
+  Whose settled visage and deliberate word,
+  Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."--_Isabella_, Act III.
+      Sc. 1.
+
+Thus much as to the propriety of the word "pensive," in relation to the
+reputed character of Angelo.
+
+The next question is, whether the word "pensive" is an appropriate epithet
+to the word "guards." If Messrs. Knight and Collier are correct in
+construing "guards" to mean the "trimmings or border of robe," this
+question must be answered in the negative. But it appears to me that they
+are in error, and that the true meaning of the word "guards," in this
+particular passage, is "outward appearances," as suggested by Monck Mason;
+and, consequently, that the expression "pensive guards" means a grave or
+sanctified countenance or demeanour--"the settled visage and deliberate
+word" which "nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."
+
+It requires no argument to establish that the word "pensive" is suitable to
+the metre in both places in which the misprint occurred and it is equally
+clear that "prenzie" and "pensive" in manuscript are so similar, both in
+the number, form, and character of the letters, that the one might easily
+be printed for the other. The two words also have a certain resemblance, in
+point of sound; and if the word "pensive" be not very distinctly
+pronounced, the mistake might be made by a scribe writing from dictation.
+
+Referring to Mrs. Cowden Clarke's admirable concordance of Shakspeare, it
+appears that the word "pensive" is used by Shakspeare in the _text_ of his
+plays twice; namely, in _Romeo and Juliet_, Act IV. Sc. 1., where Friar
+Laurence addresses Juliet thus:
+
+  "My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now."
+
+and again, in the Third Part of _Henry VI_., Act IV. Sc. 1., where Clarence
+is thus addressed by King Edward upon the subject of his marriage with the
+Lady Grey:
+
+  "Now, brother Clarence, how like you our choice,
+  That you stand pensive, as half mal-content?"
+
+I also find that, according to the stage directions (both ancient and
+modern) of Act II. Sc 2. of _Henry VIII_. (see Collier's _Shakspeare_, vol.
+v. p. 534., _note_), the king is described to be found "reading pensively,"
+at a moment when he is meditating his divorce from Katharine of Arragon,
+not "because the marriage of his brother's wife had crept too near his
+conscience," but "because his conscience had crept too near another lady."
+
+I might extend the argument by further observations upon the reference last
+cited, but not without risk of losing all chance of a place in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES."
+
+Query, Whether pen_s_ive was ever written or printed pen_z_ive in
+Shakspeare's time? If so, that word would bear a still closer resemblance
+to "prenzie."
+
+LEGES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RHYMING LATIN VERSION OF THE SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW.
+
+In the same MS. from which I extracted Braithwait's Latin Drinking Song,
+the following version {403} of the well-known song on Robin Goodfellow
+occurs. It is apparently by the same hand. I give the English, as it
+contains but six stanzas, and affords some variations from the copy printed
+by Percy; and indeed one stanza not given by him. Peck attributes the song
+to Ben Jonson, but we know not on what foundation. It must be confessed
+that internal evidence is against it. The publication of Percy's _Reliques_
+had a no less beneficial influence on the literature of Germany than it had
+on our own; and Voss had given an admirable version of nine stanzas of this
+song as early as the year 1793. The first stanza will afford some notion of
+his manner:
+
+    "Von Oberon in Feenland,
+    Dem Könige der Geister,
+  Komm' ich, Knecht Robert, abgesandt,
+    Von meinem Herrn und Meister.
+      Als Kobolt und Pux,
+      Wohlkundig des Spuks,
+    Durchschwarm' ich Nacht vor Nacht.
+      Jezt misch' ich mich ein
+      Zum polternden Reihn,
+    Wohlauf, ihr alle, gelacht, gelacht!"
+
+Although the classic ear may be offended by the "barbarous adjunct of
+rhyme," and by the solecisms and false quantities which sometimes occur,
+"et alia multa damna atque outragia," others may be amused with these
+emulations of the cloistered muse of the Middle Ages. The witty author of
+_Whistlecraft_ has shown that he had a true relish for them, and has
+successfully tried his hand, observing at the same time:
+
+  "Those monks were poor proficients in divinity,
+    And scarce knew more of Latin than myself;
+  Compar'd with theirs, they say that true Latinity
+    Appears like porcelain compar'd with delf."
+
+Honest Barnaby had no intention of rivalling Horace: his humbler, but not
+less amusing, prototypes were Walter de Mapes and his cotemporaries. We may
+accept his own defence, if any is needed:
+
+  "That paltry Patcher is a bald translator,
+  Whose awl bores at the _words_ but not the matter;
+  But this TRANSLATOR makes good use of leather,
+  By stitching _rhyme_ and _reason_ both together."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+A SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW.
+
+  "From Oberon in faery-land,
+  The king of ghosts and goblins there,
+  Mad Robin I, at his command,
+  Am sent to view the night-sports here.
+  What revel rout is here about,
+  In every corner where I go;
+  I will it see, and merry be,
+  And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "As swift as lightning I do fly
+  Amidst the aery welkin soon,
+  And, in a minute's space, descry
+  What things are done below the moon.
+  There's neither hag nor spirit shall wag,
+  In any corner where I go;
+  But Robin I, their feats will spy,
+  And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Sometimes you find me like a man,
+  Sometimes a hawk, sometimes a hound,
+  Then to a horse me turn I can,
+  And trip and troll about you round:
+  But if you stride my back to ride,
+  As swift as air I with you go,
+  O'er hedge, o'er lands, o'er pool, o'er ponds,
+  I run out laughing ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "When lads and lasses merry be,
+  With possets and with junkets fine;
+  Unknown to all the company,
+  I eat their cake and drink their wine;
+  Then to make sport, I snore and snort,
+  And all the candles out I blow;
+  The maids I kiss; they ask who's this?
+  I answer, laughing, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "If that my fellow elf and I
+  In circle dance do trip it round,
+  And if we chance, by any eye
+  There present, to be seen or found,
+  Then if that they do speak or say,
+  But mummes continue as they go,[1]
+  Then night by night I them affright,
+  With pinches, dreams, and ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Since hag-bred Merlin's time have I
+  Continued night-sports to and fro,
+  That, for my pranks, men call me by
+  The name of Robin Goodfellow.
+  There's neither hag nor spirit doth wag,
+  The fiends and goblins do me know;
+  And beldames old my tales have told;
+  Sing Vale, Vale, ho, ho, ho!"
+
+_The Latine of the foregoing verses_.
+
+  "Ab Oberone lemurum
+  Coemetriorum regulo,
+  Spectator veni lubricum,
+  Illius jussu, Robbio;
+  Quodcunque joci, sit hic loci,
+  Quocunque vado in angulo,
+  Id speculabor, et conjocabor,
+  Sonorem boans, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Præceps feror per aerem
+  Telo trisulco citius,
+  Et translunaria penetrem
+  Momento brevi ocyus;
+  Larvatus frater non vagatur
+  Quocunque vado in angulo,
+  Nam Robbio, huic obvio,
+  Et facta exploro, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Nunc canis nunc accipiter,
+  Et homo nunc obambulo,
+  Nunc equi forma induor
+  Et levis circumcursito;
+  {404}
+  Si quis me prendat, et ascendat,
+  Velocius aurâ rapio,
+  Per prata, montes, vada, fontes,
+  Risumque tollo, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Cum juvenes convivio
+  Admiscent se puellulis,
+  Ignotus vinum haurio
+  Et impleor bellariis;
+  Tunc sterto, strepo, et dum crepo,
+  Lucernam flatu adventillo,
+  Hæc basiatur; hic quis? clamatur,
+  Cachinnans reddo, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Si quando cum consorte larva
+  In circulum tripudio,
+  Et observemur nos per arva
+  Acutiori oculo;
+  Et si spectator eloquatur
+  Nec os obhæret digito,
+  Nocte terremus et torquemus
+  Ungue spectris, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Post incubiginam Merlinum
+  Nocturni feci ludicra,
+  Et combibonem me Robbinum
+  Vocent ob jocularia,
+  Me dæmones, me lemures,
+  Me novite tenebrio,
+  Decantant me veneficæ;
+  Vale! Valete! ho, ho, ho!"
+
+[Footnote 1: This line is distinctly so written. We should probably read
+_or_ instead of _but_. _Mummes_ may mean _mumbling_, muttering.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+DEVONSHIRE FOLK LORE.
+
+1. _Storms from Conjuring_.--A common Devonshire remark on the rising of a
+storm is, "Ah! there is a conjuring going on somewhere." The following
+illustration was told me by an old inhabitant of this parish. In the parish
+of St. Mary Tavy is a spot called "Steven's grave," from a suicide said to
+have been buried there. His spirit proving troublesome to the
+neighbourhood, was laid by a former curate on Sunday after afternoon
+service. A man who accompanied the clergyman on the way was told by him to
+make haste home, as a storm was coming. The man hurried away home; but
+though the afternoon had previously been very fine, he had scarcely reached
+his door before a violent thunderstorm came to verify the clergyman's
+words.
+
+2. _The Heath-hounds_.--The _brutende heer_ are sometimes heard near
+Dartmoor, and are known by the appellation of "Heath-hounds." They were
+heard in the parish of St. Mary Tavy several years ago by an old man called
+Roger Burn: he was working in the fields, when he suddenly heard the baying
+of the hounds, the shouts and horn of the huntsman, and the smacking of his
+whip. This last point the old man quoted as at once settling the question.
+"How could I be mistaken? why I heard the very smacking of his whip."
+
+3. _Cock scares the Fiend_.--Mr. N. was a Devonshire squire who had been so
+unfortunate as to sell his soul to the devil, with the condition that after
+his funeral the fiend should take possession of his skin. He had also
+persuaded a neighbour to undertake to be present on the occasion of the
+flaying. On the death of Mr. N., this man went in a state of great alarm to
+the parson of the parish, and asked his advice. By him he was told to
+fulfil his engagement, but he must be sure and carry a cock into the church
+with him. On the night after the funeral, the man proceeded to the church
+armed with the cock; and, as an additional security, took up his position
+in the parson's pew. At twelve o'clock the devil arrived, opened the grave,
+took the corpse from the coffin and flayed it. When the operation was
+concluded, he held the skin up before him, and remarked: "Well! 'twas not
+worth coming for after all, for it is all full of holes!" As he said this,
+the cock crew; whereupon the fiend, turning round to the man, exclaimed:
+"If it had not been for the bird you have got there under your arm, I would
+have your skin too." But, thanks to the cock, the man got home safe again.
+
+4. _Cranmere Pool_.--Cranmere Pool, in the centre of Dartmoor, is a great
+penal settlement for refractory spirits. Many of the former inhabitants of
+this parish are still there expiating their ghostly pranks. An old farmer
+was so troublesome to his survivors as to require seven clergymen to secure
+him. By their means, however, he was transformed into a colt; and a servant
+boy was directed to take him to Cranmere Pool. On arriving at the brink of
+the pool, he was to take off the halter, and return instantly without
+looking round. Curiosity proving too powerful, he turned his head to see
+what was going on, when he beheld the colt plunge into the lake in the form
+of a ball of fire. Before doing so, however, he gave the lad a parting
+salute in the form of a kick, which knocked out one of his eyes.
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+St. Mary Tavy, May 5. 1851.
+
+_St. Uncumber and the offering of Oats_ (Vol. ii., pp. 286. 342. 381.).--A
+further illustration of this custom is found in the legend of St.
+Rhadegund, or at least in the metrical version of it, which is commonly
+ascribed to Henry Bradshaw. A copy of this very scarce poem, from the press
+of Pynson, is preserved in the library of Jesus College, Cambridge. We
+there read as follows:
+
+  "Among all myracles after our intelligence
+    Which Radegunde shewed by her humilite,
+  One is moost vsuall had in experience
+    Among the common people noted with hert fre
+  _By offeryng of otes_ after theyr degre
+    At her holy aulters where myracles in sight
+    Dayly haue be done by grace day and nyght.
+
+  {405}
+  "_By oblacion of othes_, halt lame and blynde
+    Hath ben restored vnto prosperite;
+  Dombe men to speke aboue cours of kynde
+    Sickemen delyuered from payne and miserie,
+    Maydens hath kept theyr pure virginite,
+    Wyddowes defended from greuous oppression,
+    And clarkes exalted by her to promocion."
+
+It is also remarkable that a _reason_ exists in the story of this saint for
+the choice of so strange an offering. As she was escaping from her husband,
+a crop of _oats_ sprang up miraculously, to testify in her behalf, and to
+silence the messengers who had been sent to turn her from her purpose.
+
+On this account is there not room for the conjecture that _St. Rhadegund_
+is the original St. Uncumber, and that the custom of offering oats at
+Poules, when a wife was weary of her husband, is traceable to the story of
+the French queen, who died in 587.
+
+C. H.
+
+St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.
+
+"_Similia similibus curantur_."--The list proposed by MR. JAMES BUCKMAN
+(Vol. iii., p. 320.) of "old wives' remedies," based on the above
+principle, would, I imagine, be of endless length; but the following
+extract from the _Herbal_ of Sir John Hill, M.D., "Fellow of the Royal
+Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux," published in 1789, will show at how late
+a period such notions have been entertained by men of education and even
+scientific attainment:--
+
+    "It is to be observed that nature seems to have set her stamp upon
+    several herbs, which have the virtue to stop bleedings; this
+    [cranesbill] and the tutsan, the two best remedies the fields afford
+    for outward and inward bleedings, become all over as red as blood at a
+    certain season."
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+_Cure of large Neck_.--I send you two remedies in use here for the cure of
+a common complaint, called "large neck." Perhaps they may be worthy of a
+place in your "Folk Lore."
+
+A common snake, held by its head and tail, is slowly drawn, by some one
+standing by, nine times across the front part of the neck of the person
+affected, the reptile being allowed, after every third time, to crawl about
+for a while. Afterwards the snake is put alive into a bottle, which is
+corked tightly and then buried in the ground. The tradition is, that as the
+snake decays the swelling vanishes.
+
+The second mode of treatment is just the same as the above, with the
+exception of the snake's doom. In this case it is killed, and its skin,
+sewn in a piece of silk, is worn round the diseased neck. By degrees the
+swelling in this case also disappears.
+
+ROVERT.
+
+Withyam, Sussex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIBDIN'S LIBRARY COMPANION.
+
+A few days since the writer was musing over the treasures of one of the
+most amiable of the bibliographical brotherhood, when his eye rested on a
+document endorsed with the following mysterious notification: "A Squib for
+Dibdin, to be let off on the next Fifth of November." What in the name of
+Guido Fawkes have we here! Thinking that the explosion in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" would do no harm, but perhaps some good, a note was kindly
+permitted to be taken of it for that publication. It was evidently written
+soon after the appearance of the _Library Companion._
+
+    "_Sundry Errors discovered in the Library Companion, recently put forth
+    by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin_, F.R.S., A.S. This work exhibits the most
+    extraordinary instance of gross negligence that has appeared since the
+    discovery of the profitable art of book-making. In two notes (pp. 37,
+    38.), comprised in twelve lines, occur _fifteen_ remarkable blunders,
+    such as any intelligent bookseller could, without much trouble, have
+    corrected for the Rev. and learned author.
+
+    "Henry's _Exposition of the Old and New Testaments_ first appeared
+    collectively in 1710[2], five[3] vols. folio; but the recent edition of
+    1810[4], in six vols. 4to., is the best[5], as the last volume
+    contains[6] additional matter from the author's MSS. left at his
+    decease.--Dr. Gill's _Exposition of the New Testament_ was published in
+    1746, &c., three vols. folio; of the Old, in 1748[7], &c., nine[8]
+    vols. folio; but the work advancing in reputation and price, became
+    rare, so as to induce Mr. Bagster[9] to put forth a new edition of the
+    whole, in ten[10] vols. 4to. I recommend the annotations of Gill to
+    every theological collector, and those who have the quarto edition will
+    probably feel disposed to purchase Gill's _Body of Practical_[11]
+    _Divinity_, containing[12] some account of his life, writings, and
+    character, in two[13] volumes 4to. 1773.[14] These two[15] volumes are
+    worth about 1l. 15s.[16]"
+
+[Footnote 2: Instead of 1710, read 1707.]
+
+[Footnote 3: This edition is in _six_ volumes.]
+
+[Footnote 4: It bears the date of 1811.]
+
+[Footnote 5: The best edition of Henry's _Commentary_ was elegantly printed
+by Knapton, in 5 vols. folio, 1761, known as the fifth edition.]
+
+[Footnote 6: This new edition is respectable, except the plates, which had
+been well worn in Bowyer's _Cabinet Bible_. The _Commentary_ is printed
+verbatim from the former editions, and has _no_ additional matter from the
+author's MSS. left at his decease; no mention of anything of the kind is
+made in the title, preface, or advertisement, until Mr. Dibdin so
+marvellously brought it to light: upon what authority he makes the
+assertion remains a mystery. A very considerable number of sets remain
+unsold in the warehouse of a certain great bookseller. _Query_. Was the
+Rev. gentleman's pen dipped in gold when he wrote this puff direct?]
+
+[Footnote 7: Not 1748, &c.: it first appeared in 1763, &c.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Nine volumes folio should be _six_ volumes folio.]
+
+[Footnote 9: It was not Mr. Bagster, but Messrs. Mathews and Leigh of the
+Strand, who put forth the new edition of Dr. Gill's _Exposition_.]
+
+[Footnote 10: It was completed in _nine_ vols. 4to.]
+
+[Footnote 11: The title is _A Body of Doctrinal Divinity_.]
+
+[Footnote 12: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ was published by _himself_, and
+has no account of his life, writings, and character.]
+
+[Footnote 13: It was in _three_ vols. 4to, not in two.]
+
+[Footnote 14: Instead of 1773, it was published in 1769-70; nor did any new
+edition appear for many years, until those recently printed in 3 vols.
+8vo., and 1 vol. 4to.]
+
+[Footnote 15: These two vols. should be _three_ vols.]
+
+[Footnote 16: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ is introduced under the head of
+"English Bibles!"]
+
+"These glaring errors are made with regard to {406} modern books, and may
+seriously mislead the bibliomaniacs of the next generation; but what can be
+expected from an author who, in giving directions for the selection of
+Hebrew Bibles, forgets the beautiful and correct editions of VANDERHOOGHT
+and JABLONSKI; who tells us that Frey republished Jahn's[17] edition of the
+Hebrew Bible in 1812; and who calls Boothroyd's incorrect and ugly
+double-columned 4to. '_admirable_.'[18]
+
+"The Rev. gentleman fully proves, in the compilation of his volume, that he
+can dip his pen in gall, as well as allow it to be guided by gold. Dr.
+Warton's _History of English Poetry_, a very beautiful and correct edition,
+greatly enlarged from most interesting materials at a very considerable
+expense, has just issued from the press in 3 vols. 8vo. But 'Can any good
+thing come out of Nazareth?' It was not published by any of the favoured
+houses; hence the following ominous notice of it: 'Clouds and darkness rest
+upon it!'[19] Gentle reader, they are the clouds and darkness of
+_Cheapside._ It may be possible that some propitious golden breeze had
+driven all the clouds and darkness from Cornhill, Paternoster Row, the
+Strand, Pall-Mall, and Bedford Street."
+
+J. Y.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+[Footnote 17: Frey republished Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible in 1811.]
+
+[Footnote 18: Note on page 24.]
+
+[Footnote 19: Note on page 667.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_A Note on Dress._--Dress is mutable, who denies it? but still old fashions
+are retained to a far greater extent than one would at first imagine. The
+Thames watermen rejoice in the dress of Elizabeth: while the royal
+beefeaters (buffetiers) wear that of private soldiers of the time of Henry
+VII.; the blue-coat boy, the costume of a London citizen of the reign of
+Edward VI.; the London charity-school girls, the plain mob cap and long
+gloves of the time of Queen Anne. In the brass badge of the cabmen, we see
+a retention of the dress of Elizabethan retainers: while the shoulder-knots
+that once decked an officer now adorn a footman. The attire of the sailor
+of William III.'s era is now seen amongst our fishermen. The university
+dress is as old as the age of the Smithfield martyrs. The linen bands of
+the pulpit and the bar are abridgments of the falling collar.
+
+Other costumes are found lurking in provinces, and amongst some trades. The
+butchers' blue is the uniform of a guild. The quaint little head-dress of
+the market women of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, is in fact the gipsy hat of
+George II. Scarlet has been the colour of soldiers' uniform from the time
+of the Lacedemonians. The blue of the army we derived from the Puritans; of
+the navy from the colours of a mistress of George I.
+
+TORRO.
+
+_Curious Omen at Marriage_.--In Miss Benger's _Memoirs of Elizabeth, Queen
+of Bohemia_, it is mentioned that,--
+
+    "It is by several writers observed that, towards the close of the
+    ceremony, _certain coruscations of joy_ appeared in Elizabeth's face,
+    which were afterwards supposed to be sinister presages of her
+    misfortunes."
+
+In a note, Echard is alluded to as the authority for this singular
+circumstance.
+
+Can any of your readers explain _why_ such a _coruscation of joy_ upon a
+wedding day should forebode evil? or whether any other instances are on
+record of its so doing?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+_Ventriloquist Hoax_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--The following is extracted from
+_Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotland, and
+Ireland, by R. B., Author of the History of the Wars of England, &c._,
+Remarks of London, &c., 12mo., 1684, p. 137. It may serve as a pendant to
+the ventriloquist hoax mentioned by C. H., Vol. ii., p. 101.:--
+
+    "I have a letter by me, saith Mr. Clark, dated July 7, 1606, written by
+    one Mr. Bovy to a minister in London, where he thus writes: 'Touching
+    news, you shall understand that Mr. Sherwood hath received a letter
+    from Mr. Arthur Hildersham, which containeth this following narrative:
+    that at Brampton, in the parish of Torksey, near Gainsborough in
+    Lincolnshire, an ash-tree shaketh both in the body and boughs thereof,
+    and there proceed from thence sighs and groans, like those of a man
+    troubled in his sleep, as if it felt some sensible torment. Many have
+    climbed to the top thereof, where they heard the groans more plainly
+    than they could below. One among the rest being a-top, spoke to the
+    tree; but presently came down much astonished, and lay grovelling on
+    the earth speechless for three hours, and then reviving said,
+    _Brampton, Brampton,_ thou art much bound to pray.' The author of this
+    news is one Mr. Vaughan, a minister who was there present and heard and
+    saw these passages, and told Mr. Hildersham of it. The Earl of Lincoln
+    caused one of the arms of the ash to be lopped off, and a hole to be
+    bored into the body, and then was the sound or hollow voice heard more
+    audibly than before; but in a kind of speech which they could not
+    comprehend nor understand."
+
+K. P. D. E.
+
+_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--Mr. Cunningham, at p. 376. of his
+admirable _Handbook of London,_ says that Robert Barker, who originated the
+Panorama in Leicester Square, died in 1806. Now, Barker, who preceded
+Burford, and eventually, I think, entered into partnership with him,
+married a friend of my family, a daughter of the Admiral Bligh against whom
+had been the mutiny in the _Bounty_. I remember Mr. Barker, and his house
+in Surrey Square, or some small square on the Surrey side of London Bridge;
+also its wooden rotunda for painting in; and this, too, at the time when
+the picture of Spitzbergen was in progress {407} and you felt almost a
+chill as the transparent icebergs were splashed on.
+
+If there have not been two Messrs. Barker connected with the Panorama, Mr.
+Cunningham must be incorrect in his date, for I was not in existence in
+1806.
+
+A. G.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Vegetable Sympathy._--I have been told that Sir Humphrey Davy asserted
+that the shoots of trees, if transplanted, will only live as long as the
+parent stock--supposing that to die naturally. How is this to be accounted
+for, if true?
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_Court Dress_--When was the present court dress first established as the
+recognised costume for state ceremonials? and if there are extant any
+orders of the Earl Marshal upon the subject, where are they printed?
+
+HENCO.
+
+_Dieu et mon Droit._--When was this first adopted as the motto of our
+sovereigns? I have heard widely different dates assigned to it.
+
+LEICESTRENSIS.
+
+_Cachecope Bell._--In the ancient accounts of the churchwardens of the
+parish of St. Mary-de-Castro, Leicester, and also in those of St. Martin in
+the same town, the term "cachecope," "kachecope," "catche coppe," or
+"catch-corpe-bell," is not of unfrequent occurrence: _e. g._, in the
+account for St. Mary's for the year 1490, we have:
+
+    "For castynge ye cachecope bell, js.
+
+    "It. To Thos. Raban for me'dyng ye kachecope bell whole, iiijd."
+
+I have endeavoured in vain to ascertain the meaning and derivation of the
+word, which is not to be found in Mr. Halliwell's excellent _Dictionary of
+Archaic Words_. Can you enlighten me on the subject?
+
+LEICESTRENSIS.
+
+_The Image of both Churches._--A curious work, treating largely of the
+schism between the Catholics and Protestants in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, was printed at Tornay in 1623, under the following title: _The
+Image of bothe Churches, Hierusalem and Babel, Unitie and Confusion,
+Obedience and Sedition, by P. D. M._ What is the proof that this was
+written by Dr. Matthew Paterson?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Double Names._--Perhaps some one would explain why so many persons
+formerly bore two names, as "Hooker _alias_ Vowel." Illegitimacy may have
+sometimes caused it: but this will not explain those cases where the
+bearers ostentatiously set forth both names. Perhaps they were the names of
+both parents, used even by lawfully born persons to distinguish themselves
+from others of the same paternal name.
+
+T.
+
+"_If this fair flower_," &c.--Would you kindly find a place for the lines
+which follow? I have but slender hopes of discovering their author, but
+think that their beauty is such as to deserve a reprint. They are not by
+Waller; nor Dryden, as far as I know. I found them in a periodical
+published in Scotland during the last century, and called _The Bee_.
+
+    "Lines supposed to have been addressed, with the present of a white
+    rose, by a Yorkist, to a lady of the Lancastrian faction.
+
+      'If this fair flower offend thy sight,
+        It in thy bosom bear:
+      'Twill blush to be outmatched in white
+        And turn Lancastrian there!'"
+
+I observe that amongst the many "Notes" and quotations on the subject of
+the supposed power of prophecy before death, no one has cited those most
+beautiful lines of Campbell in "Lochiel's Warning:"
+
+  "'Tis the _sunset_ of life gives me mystical lore,
+  And coming events cast their shadows before."
+
+W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham._--Can any of your correspondents give me
+information respecting one Hugh Peachell, of whom I find the following
+curious notice in a bundle of MSS. in the State Paper Office, marked
+"_America and West Indies, No._ 481A."
+
+    "St. Michael's Toune in ye Barbados, Sept. 30. [1670]. Jo Neuington,
+    Addrese w. Mr. James Drawater, Merch^t at Mr. Jo. Lindapp's, at ye
+    Bunch of Grapes in Ship yard by Temple barre.--All ye news I can write
+    from here is, y^t one Hugh Peachell, who hath been in this Island
+    allmost twenty years and lived w^{th} many persons of good esteem, and
+    was last with Coll. Barwick. It was observed that he gained much
+    monyes, yet none thrived lesse than hee; and falling sicke about 3
+    weeks since, was much troubled in his conscience, but would not utter
+    himself to any but a minister, who being sent for He did acknowledge
+    himself ye person y^t cut of ye head of King Charles, for w^{ch} he had
+    100^{lbs} and w^{th} much seeming penitence and receiving such comforts
+    as the Devine, one parson Leshely, an emminent man here, could afford
+    him, he dyed in a quarter of an hour afterwards. This you may report
+    for truth, allthough you should not have it from any other hand. He had
+    100^{lbs} for ye doing of itt. There is one Wm. Hewit condemned for ye
+    same, I think now in Newgate; he will be glad you acquaint him of this
+    if he have it not allready."
+
+Oldmixon, in his _British Empire in America_, mentions a Sir John Marsham
+of Barbados; was he a knight or baronet, and when did he die?
+
+W. DOWNING BRUCE, F.S.A.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+_Legend represented in Frettenham Church._--Perhaps some one of your
+numerous readers may {408} be able to give an explanation of the following
+legend, for such I suppose it to be:--
+
+In the parish church of Frettenham, co. Norfolk, several alabaster carvings
+were discovered some years ago, near the chancel arch, having traces of
+colour. The most perfect, and the one which had most claims to merit as a
+piece of sculpture, represented a very curious scene. A horse was standing
+fixed in a kind of stocks, a machine for holding animals fast while they
+were being shod. But it (the horse) had only three legs: close by stood a
+Bishop, or mitred Abbot, holding the horse's missing fore quarter, on the
+hoof of which a smith was nailing a shoe. Of course the power which had so
+easily removed a leg would as easily replace it.
+
+The details of the story may be very safely conjectured to have been--a
+Bishop or high church dignitary is going on a journey or pilgrimage; his
+horse drops a shoe; on being taken to a smith's to have it replaced, the
+animal becomes restive, and cannot be shod even with the help of the
+stocks; whereupon the bishop facilitates the operation in the manner before
+described. One feels tempted to ask why he could not have replaced the shoe
+without the smith's intervention.
+
+What I want to know is, of whom is this story told? I regret that not
+having seen the carving in question, I can give no particulars of dress,
+&c., which might help to determine its age; nor could my informant, though
+he perfectly well remembered the subject represented. He told me that he
+had often mentioned it to people likely to know of the existence of such a
+legend, but could never gain any information respecting it.
+
+C. J. E.
+
+King's Col. Cambridge, May 9. 1851.
+
+_King of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace_.--In a review of Mr. Layard's
+work on Nineveh (_Quarterly_, vol. lxxxiv. p. 140.) I find the following
+statement:
+
+    "The act of Sardanapalus in making his palace his own funeral pyre and
+    burning himself upon it, is also attributed to the king who was
+    overthrown by Cyaxares."
+
+May I ask where the authority for this statement is to be found?
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Butchers not Jurymen_.--
+
+  "As the law does think it fit
+  No butchers shall on juries sit."--Butler's _Ghost_, cant. ii.
+
+The vulgar error expressed in these lines is not extinct, even at the
+present day. The only explanation I have seen of its origin is given in
+Barrington's _Observations on the more Ancient Statutes_, p. 474., on 3
+Hen. VIII., where, after referring in the text to a statute by which
+surgeons were exempted from attendance on juries, he adds in a note:
+
+    "It may perhaps be thought singular to suppose that this exemption from
+    serving on juries is the foundation of the vulgar error, that a surgeon
+    or butcher from the barbarity of their business may be challenged as
+    jurors."
+
+Sir H. Spelman, in his _Answer to an Apology for Archbishop Abbott_,
+says,--
+
+    "In our law, those that were exercised in slaughter of beasts, were not
+    received to be triers of the life of a man."--_Posth. Works_, p. 112.;
+    _St. Trials_, vol. ii. p. 1171.
+
+So learned a man as Spelman must, I think, have had some ground for this
+statement, and could scarcely be repeating a vulgar error taking its rise
+from a statute then hardly more than a hundred years old. I hope some of
+your readers will be able to give a more satisfactory explanation than
+Barrington's.
+
+E. S. T. T.
+
+_Redwing's Nest_.--I trust you will excuse my asking, if any of your
+correspondents have found the nest of the redwing? for I lately discovered
+what I consider as the egg of this bird in a nest containing four
+blackbirds' eggs. The egg answers exactly the description given of that of
+the redwing thrush, both in Bewick and Wood's _British Song Birds;_ being
+bluish-green, with a few largish spots of a dark brown colour. The nest was
+not lined with mud, as is usually the case with a blackbird's, but with
+moss and dried grass.
+
+Has the egg of the redwing been ever seen in this situation before?
+
+C. T. A.
+
+Lyndon.
+
+_Earth thrown upon the Coffin_.--Is there anything known respecting the
+origin of the ceremony of throwing earth upon the coffin at funerals? The
+following note is from a little German tale, _Die Richtensteiner_, by Van
+der Velde, a tale of the time of the Thirty Years' war. Whether the
+ceremony is still performed in Germany as there described, I do not know.
+
+    "Darauf warfen, nach der alten, frommen Sitte, zum letzten Lebewohl,
+    der Wittwer, und die Waisen drei Hände voll Erde auf den Sarg hinunter
+    ... Alle Zuschauer drangten sich nur um das Grab ... und aus hundert
+    Händen flog die Erde hinab auf den Sarg."
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+_Family of Rowe_.--Lysons, in his work _Environs of London_, gives an
+extract from the will of Sir Thomas Rowe, of Hackney, and, as his
+authority, says in a note:--
+
+    "_Extracts of Wills in the Prerogative Office_, by E. Rowe Mores, Esq.,
+    in the possession of Th. Astle, Esq., F.R.A.S."
+
+Can any of your numerous readers inform me in whose possession the above
+now is? And whether, wherever it is, it is open to inspection?
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+_Portus Canum_.--Erim, one of the biographers of Becket, states that the
+archbishop's murderers {409} (_S. Thom. Cantuar_., ed. Giles, vol. i. p.
+65.), having crossed from France, landed at _Portus Canum_. It has been
+conjectured that this means Hythe, which is close to Saltwood Castle, where
+the knights were received by Ranulph de Broc (_English Review_, December,
+1846, p. 410.). Is the conjecture right? I believe Hasted does not notice
+the name.
+
+J. C. R.
+
+_Arms of Sir John Davies_.--Can any of your correspondents inform me what
+were the arms, crest, and motto (if any), borne by Sir John Davies, the
+eminent lawyer and poet? In a collection which I have made of the armorial
+bearings of the families of Davies, Davis, and Davys, amounting to more
+than fifty distinct coats, there occur the arms of _three_ Sir John Davies
+or Davys, but there is nothing to distinguish which of them was _the_ Sir
+John.
+
+LLAW GYFFES.
+
+_William Penn_.--Will MR. HEPWORTH DIXON, or some of your correspondents,
+be so good as to send a reply to this Query?
+
+What was the name, and whose daughter was the lady to whom William Penn
+(the son of William Penn and Miss Springett) was married?
+
+A. N. C.
+
+_Who were the Writers in the North Briton?_--The _Athenæum_ of Saturday,
+May 17, contains a very interesting article on the recently published
+_Correspondence of Horace Walpole with Mason_, in which certain very
+palpable hits are made as to the identity of Mason and Junius. In the
+course of the article the following Query occurs:
+
+    "In the second Part of the folio edition of the _North Briton_
+    published by Bingley, in the British Museum, are inserted two folio
+    pages of manuscript thus headed:--
+
+    'The Extraordinary
+    NORTH BRITON.
+    By W. M.'
+
+    This manuscript is professedly a copy from a publication issued June
+    3rd, 1768, by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet Street, price three-pence. It
+    is a letter addressed to Lord Mansfield, and an appeal in favour of
+    Wilkes, on whom, the writer says, judgment is this day to be
+    pronounced. It is written somewhat in the style of Junius. The satire
+    is so refined that the reader does not at first suspect that it is
+    satire,--as in Junius's _Letters_, wherein the satirical compliments to
+    the King have been mistaken for praise, and quoted in proof of
+    inconsistency.
+
+    "Who was this 'W. M.'? Who were the writers in the _North Briton?_--not
+    only 'The Extraordinary' _North Briton_, published by Steare, but the
+    genuine _North Briton_, published by Bingley. These questions may
+    perhaps be very simple, and easily answered by persons better informed
+    than ourselves."
+
+As the inquiries of your correspondent W. M. S. (Vol. iii., p. 241.) as to
+the Wilkes MSS. and the writers of the _North Briton_ have not yet been
+replied to, and this subject is one of great importance, will you allow me
+to recall attention to them?
+
+F. S. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+"_Many a Word_."--Your correspondent's observations are perfectly correct:
+we daily use quotations we know not where to find. Perhaps some of your
+friends may be able to reply whence
+
+  "Many a word, at random spoke
+  Will rend a heart that's well-nigh broke."
+
+S. P.
+
+    [The lines will be found in Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, Canto
+    V. St. 18.
+
+      "O! many a shaft, at random sent
+      Finds mark the archer little meant!
+      And many a word, at random spoken
+      May soothe or wound a heart's that broken!"]
+
+_Roman Catholic Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--Many thanks for your
+reference to the _Almanach du Clergé de France_; but as I have failed to
+obtain the requisite information through my booksellers, might I beg the
+additional favour of knowing what is the cost of the book, and where it can
+be procured?
+
+E. H. A.
+
+    [The _Almanach_ to which our correspondent refers is or was published
+    by _Gaume frères à Paris_, and sold also by Grand, rue du
+    Petit-Bourbon, 6, in the same city. Its price, judging from the size of
+    the book, is about a couple of francs.]
+
+_Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--MR. DE LA PRYME'S suggestion as to the origin
+of the expression "going tick" is ingenious; nevertheless I take it to be
+clear that "tick" is merely an abbreviation of ticket. (See Nares's
+_Glossary_, and Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_,
+under "Ticket.") In addition to the passages cited by them from Decker,
+Cotgrave, Stephens, and Shirley, I may refer to the Act 16 Car. II. c. 7.
+s. 3., which relates to gambling and betting "upon ticket or credit."
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, May 3. 1851.
+
+    [In the _Mirrour for Magistrates_, p 421., we read:--
+
+      "Of _tickle credit_ ne had bin the mischiefe."
+
+    "Tickle credit," says Pegge, "means easy credit, alluding to the
+    credulity of Theseus."--_Anonymiana_, cent. ii. 44. Mr. Jon Bee, in his
+    _Sportsman's Slang Dictionary_, gives the following definition:--
+
+    "_Tick_", credit in small quantities; usually _scored_ up with chalk
+    (called _ink_ ironically), which being done with a sound resembling
+    'tick, tick, tick,' gives the appellation 'going to _tick_,' '_tick_ it
+    up,' 'my _tick_ is out,' 'no more _tick_!'"]
+
+_Hylles' Arithmetic_.--Having seen it mentioned in the public papers that a
+copy of the first edition of Cocker's _Arithmetic_ (considered unique) was
+lately sold at an exceedingly high price by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, I
+am induced to send you a {410} copy of the title-page of an arithmetical
+work in my possession which seems a curiosity in its way; but whether
+unique or not, my slender bibliographical knowledge does not enable me to
+determine. It is as follows:
+
+    "The Arte of Vulgar Arithmeticke, both in Integers and Fractions,
+    _devided into two Bookes, whereof the first is called Nomodidactus
+    Numerorum_, and the second _Portus Proportionum_, with certeine
+    Demonstrations, reduced into so plaine and perfect Method, _as the like
+    hath not hetherto beene published in English_. _Wherevnto_ is added a
+    third Booke, entituled _Musa Mercatorum_: comprehending all the most
+    necessarie and profitable Rules _vsed in the trade of Merchandise_. In
+    all which three Bookes, the Rules, Precepts, and Maxims are _onely
+    composed in meeter for the better retaining of them in memorie_, but
+    also the operations, examples, demonstrations, and questions, _are in
+    most easie wise expounded and explaned, in the forme_ of a dialogue,
+    for the reader's more cleere vnderstanding. _A knowledge pleasant for
+    Gentlemen, commendable for Capteines_ and Soldiers, profitable for
+    Merchants, and generally _necessarie for all estates and degrees_.
+    Newly collected, digested, and in some part deuised by a _welwiller to
+    the Mathematicals_."
+
+    "_Ecclesiasticus_, cap. 19.
+
+    "Learning unto fooles is as fetters on their feete and manicles vpon
+    their right hand; but to the wise it is a Iewell of golde, and like a
+    Bracelet vpon his right arme.
+
+    "_Boetius_. I. _Arith_. cap. 2.
+
+    "_Omnia quæcunque a primæua natura constructa sunt, Numerorum videntur
+    racione formata. Hoc enim fuit principale in animo conditoris
+    exemplar_. Imprinted at London by _Gabriel Simson_, dwelling in Fleete
+    Lane, 1600."
+
+The volume (which is a small quarto of 270 folios) is dedicated "To the
+Right Honorable sir Thomas Sackuill, Knight, Baron of Buckhurst, Lord
+Treasurer of England," &c. &c., by Thomas Hylles.
+
+Perhaps one or other of your correspondents will kindly inform me whether
+this volume is a rarity, and also oblige me with some information regarding
+Thomas Hylles, its author.
+
+SN. DAVIE, Jun.
+
+    [Professor De Morgan, in his "_Arithmetical Books from the Invention of
+    printing to the present Time_," describes Hylles' work "as a big book,
+    heavy with mercantile lore;" and the author as being, "in spite of all
+    his trifling, a man of learning." A list of the author's other works
+    will be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, and Lowndes's
+    _Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature_, under the word _Hills_
+    (Thomas). See also Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+VILLENAGE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 327.)
+
+Your correspondent H. C. wishes to know whether bondage was a reality in
+the time of Philip and Mary; and, if so, when it became extinct. It was a
+reality much later than that, as several cases in the books will show.
+Dyer, who was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1559,
+settled several in which man claimed property in his fellow-man, hearing
+arguments and giving judgment on the point whether one should be a "villein
+regardant" or a "villein in gross." Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the
+Chief Justices_, gives the following, tried before Dyer, _C.J._:
+
+    "A. B., seised in fee of a manor to which a villein was regardant, made
+    a feoffment of one acre of the manor by these words: 'I have given one
+    acre, &c., and further I have given and granted, &c., John S., my
+    villein.' Question, 'Does the villein pass to the grantee as a villein
+    in gross, or as a villein appendant to that acre?' The Court being
+    equally divided in opinion, no judgment seems to have been
+    given."--_Dyer_, 48 b. pl. 2.
+
+Another action was brought before him under these circumstances:--Butler,
+Lord of the Manor of Badminton, in the county of Gloucester, contending
+that Crouch was his villein regardant, entered into certain lands, which
+Crouch had purchased in Somersetshire, and leased them to Fleyer. Crouch
+thereupon disseised Fleyer, who brought his action against Crouch, pleading
+that Butler and his ancestors were seised of Crouch and his ancestors as of
+villeins regardant, from time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the
+contrary. The jury found that Butler and his ancestors were seised of
+Crouch and his ancestors until the first year of the reign of Henry VII.;
+but, confessing themselves ignorant whether in point of law such seisin be
+an actual seisin of the defendant, prayed the opinion of the Court thereon.
+Dyer, _C.J._, and the other judges agreed upon this to a verdict for the
+defendant, for "the lord having let an hundred years pass without redeeming
+the villein or his issue, cannot, after that, claim them." (_Dyer_, 266.
+pl. 11.)
+
+When Holt was chief justice of the King's Bench, an action was tried before
+him to recover the price of a slave who had been sold in Virginia. The
+verdict went for the plaintiff. In deciding upon a motion made in arrest of
+judgment, Holt, _C.J._, said,--"As soon as a negro comes into England he is
+free: one may be a villein in England, but not a slave." (_Cases temp.
+Holt_, 405.)
+
+As to the period at which villenage in England became extinct, we find in
+_Litt_. (sec. 185.):--
+
+    "Villenage is supposed to have finally disappeared in the reign of
+    James I., but there is great difficulty in saying when it ceased to be
+    lawful, for there has been no statute to abolish it; and by the old
+    law, if any freeman acknowledged himself in a court of record to be a
+    villein, he and all his after-born issue and their descendants were
+    villeins."
+
+Even so late as the middle of the eighteenth century, when the great Lord
+Mansfield adorned {411} the bench, it was pleaded "that villenage, or
+slavery, had been permitted in England by the common law; that no statute
+had ever passed to abolish this _status_;" and that "although _de facto_
+villenage by birth had ceased, a man might still make himself a villein by
+acknowledgment in a court of record." This was in the celebrated case of
+the negro Somersett, in which Lord Mansfield first established that "the
+air of England had long been too pure for a slave." In his judgment he
+says,--
+
+    "... Then what ground is there for saying that the _status_ of slavery
+    is now recognised by the law of England?... At any rate, villenage has
+    ceased in England, and it cannot be revived."--_St. Tr._, vol. xx. pp.
+    1-82.
+
+And Macaulay, in his admirable _History of England_, speaking of the
+gradual and silent extinction of villenage, then, towards the close of the
+Tudor period, fast approaching completion, says:
+
+    "Some faint traces of the institution of villenage were detected by the
+    curious as late as the days of the Stuarts; nor has that institution
+    ever to this hour been abolished by statute."
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+_Villenage_ (Vol. iii., p. 327.).--In reply to the question put by H. C., I
+beg to say that in Burton's _Leicestershire_ (published in 1622), a copy of
+which is now before me, some curious remarks occur on this subject. Burton
+says, under the head of "Houghton-on-the-Hill," that the last case he could
+find in print, concerning the claim to a villein, was in Mich. 9 & 10 Eliz.
+(_Dyer_, 266. b.), where one Butler, Lord of the Manor of Badminton in
+Gloucestershire, did claim one Crouch for his villein regardant to his said
+manor, and made an entry upon Crouch's lands in Somersetshire. Upon an
+answer made by Crouch, an _ejectione firmæ_ was brought in the King's
+Bench; and upon the evidence it was moved, that as no seizure of the body
+had been made, or claim set up by the lord, for sixty years preceding, none
+could then be made. The Court held, in accordance with this, that no
+seizure could be made. I do not know what the reference means; perhaps some
+of your legal correspondents may do so.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MACLEAN NOT JUNIUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 378.)
+
+Your correspondent ÆGROTUS (_antè_, p. 378.) is not justified in writing so
+confidently on a subject respecting which he is so little informed. He is
+evidently not even aware that the claims of Maclean have been ably and
+elaborately set forth by Sir David Brewster, and, as I think, conclusively,
+on the evidence, set aside in the _Athenæum_. He has, however, been pleased
+to new vamp some old stories, to which he gives something of novelty by
+telling them "with a difference." I remember, indeed, four or five years
+since, to have seen a letter on this subject, written by Mr. Pickering, the
+bookseller, to the late Sir Harris Nicolas, in which the same statements
+were made, supported by the same authorities,--which, in fact, corresponded
+so exactly with the communication of ÆGROTUS, that I must believe either
+that your correspondent has seen that letter, or that both writers had
+their information from a common story-teller.
+
+Respecting the "vellum-bound copy" locked up in the ebony cabinet in
+possession of the late Marquis of Lansdowne, Mr. Pickering's version came
+nearer to the authority; for he said, "_My informant saw_ the bound volumes
+and the cabinet _when a boy_." The proof then rests on the recollection of
+an Anonymous, who speaks positively as to what took place nearly half a
+century since; and this anonymous boy, we are to believe, was already so
+interested about Junius as to notice the fact at the time, and remember it
+ever after. Against the probabilities of this we might urge, that the
+present Marquis--who was born in 1780, and came to the title in 1809, is
+probably as old, or older than Anonymous; as much interested in a question
+believed by many persons, ÆGROTUS amongst them, intimately to concern his
+father, and quite as precocious, for he was Chancellor of the Exchequer in
+1805--never saw or heard of either the volumes or the cabinet; and, as
+ÆGROTUS admits, after a search expressly made by his order, they could not
+be found. Further, allow me to remind you, that it is not more than six
+weeks since it was recorded in "NOTES AND QUERIES" that a "vellum-bound"
+Junius was lately sold at Stowe; and it is about two months since I learnt,
+on the same authority, that a Mr. Cramp had asserted that vellum-bound
+copies were so common, that the printer must have taken the Junius copy as
+a pattern; so that, if ÆGROTUS'S facts be admitted, they would prove
+nothing. There is one circumstance, however, bearing on this question,
+which perhaps ÆGROTUS himself will think entitled to some weight. It was
+not until 1812, when George Woodfall published the private letters of
+Junius, that the public first heard about "a vellum-bound" copy. If
+therefore the Anonymous knew before 1809 that some special interest did or
+would attach more to one vellum-bound book than another, he must be Junius
+himself; for Sampson Woodfall was dead, and when living had said nothing
+about it.
+
+ÆGROTUS then favours us with the anecdote about "old Mr. Cox" the printer,
+and that Maclean corrected the proofs of _Junius' Letters_ at his
+printing-office. Of course, persons acquainted with the subject have heard
+the story before, though not with all the circumstantialities now given.
+Where, I might ask, is the authority for {412} this story? Who is
+responsible for it? But the emphatic question which common sense will ask
+is this: Why should Junius go to Mr. Cox's printing-office to correct his
+proofs? Where he wrote the letters he might surely have corrected the
+proofs. Why, after all his trouble, anxiety, and mystification to keep the
+secret, should he needlessly go to anybody's printing-office to correct the
+proofs, and thus wantonly risk the consequences?--in fact, go there and
+betray himself, as we are expected to believe he did? The story is absurd,
+on the face of it. But what authority has ÆGROTUS for asserting that Junius
+corrected proofs at all? Strong presumptive evidence leads me to believe
+that he did not: in some instances he could not. In one instance he
+specially desired to have a proof; but it was, as we now know, for the
+purpose of forwarding it to Lord Chatham. Junius was also anxious to have
+proofs of the Dedication and Preface, but it is by no means certain that he
+had them; the evidence tends to show that they were, at Woodfall's request,
+and to remove from his own shoulders the threatened responsibility, read by
+Wilkes: and the collected edition was printed from Wheble's edition, so far
+as it went, and the remainder from slips cut from the _Public Advertiser_,
+both corrected by Junius; but we have no reason to believe that Junius ever
+saw a proof, even of the collected edition,--many reasons that tend
+strongly to the contrary opinion. Under these circumstances, we are
+required to believe an anonymous story, which runs counter to all evidence,
+that we may superadd an absurdity.
+
+Mr. Pickering further referred to Mr. Raphael West, as one who "could tell
+much on the subject." Here ÆGROTUS enlarges on the original, and tells us
+what this "much" consisted of. The story, professedly told by Benjamin
+West, about Maclean and Junius, on which Sir David Brewster founded his
+theory, may be found in Galt's _Life of West_. But Galt himself, in his
+subsequent autobiography, admits that the story told by West "does not
+relate the actual circumstances of the case correctly;" that is to say,
+Galt had found out, in the interval, that it was open to contradiction and
+disproof, and it has since been disproved in the _Athenæum_. So much for a
+story discredited by the narrator himself. Of these facts ÆGROTUS is
+entirely ignorant, and therefore proceeds by the following extraordinary
+circumstantialities to uphold it. "The late President of the Royal Academy
+knew Maclean; and his son, the late Raphael West, _told the writer of these
+remarks_ [ÆGROTUS himself] that _when a young man_ he had seen him
+[Maclean] in the evening at his father's house in Newman Street, and _once
+heard him repeat a passage in one of the letters which was not then
+published_;" and ÆGROTUS adds, "a more correct and veracious man than Mr.
+R. West could not be." So be it. Still it is strange that the President,
+who was said to have told his anecdote expressly to show that Maclean was
+Junius, never thought to confirm it by the conclusive proof of having read
+the letters before they were published! Further,--and we leave the question
+of extreme accuracy and _veraciousness_ to be settled by ÆGROTUS,--the
+President West was born in 1738; he embarked from America for Italy in
+1759; on his return he visited England in 1763, and such was the patronage
+with which he was welcomed, that his friends recommended him to take up his
+residence in London. This he was willing to do, provided a young American
+lady to whom he was attached would come to England. She consented; his
+father accompanied her, and they were married on the 2nd of September,
+1765, at St. Martin's Church. Now Maclean embarked for India in December,
+1773, or January, 1774, and was lost at sea, when "the young man," Master
+Raphael, could not have been more than seven years of age,--nay, to speak
+by the card, as Master Raphael heard one of Junius' letters read before it
+was published, and as the last was published in January, 1772, it follows,
+assuming that he was the eldest child, born in nine months to the hour, and
+that it was the very last letter that he heard read, he _may have been_
+five years and seven months old--a very "young man" indeed; or rather, all
+circumstances considered, as precocious a youth as he who found out the
+vellum-bound copy years before it was known to be in existence.
+
+I regret to have occupied so much of your space. But speculation on this
+subject is just now the fashion. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is likely hereafter to
+become an authority, and if these circumstantial statements are admitted
+into its columns, they must be as circumstantially disproved.
+
+M. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Ten Commandments_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--The controversy on the
+division of the Ten Commandments between the Romanists and Lutherans on the
+one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists on the other, has been discussed
+in the following works--1. Goth (Cardinalis), _Vera Ecclesia, &c._, Venet.,
+1750 (Art. xvi. § 7.); 2. Chamieri _Panstratia_ (tom i. l. xxi. c. viii.);
+3. Riveti _Opera_ (tom. i. p. 1227., and tom. iii. _Apologeticus pro vera
+Pace Ecclesiastica contra H. Grotii Votum_.); 4. Bohlii _Vera divisio
+Decalogi ex infallibili principio accentuationis_; 5. Hackspanii _Notæ
+Philologicæ in varia loca S. Scripturæ_; 6. Pfeifferi _Opera_ (Cent. i.
+Loc. 96.); 7. Ussher's _Answer to a Jesuit's Challenge (of Images) and his
+Serm. at Westminster before the House of Commons, out of Deuteronomy, chap.
+iv. ver_. 15, 16., _and Romans, chap. i. ver._ 23.; 8. Stillingfleet's
+_Controversies with Godden, Author of "Catholics no Idolaters," and_ {413}
+_with Gother, Author of "The Papist Misrepresented," &c._
+
+The earliest notices of the division of the Decalogue, are those of
+Josephus, lib. iii. c. 5. s. 5.; Philo-Judæus _de Decem Oraculis_; and the
+Chaldaic Paraphrase of Jonathan. According to these, the third verse of
+Exod. xx. contains the first commandment; the fourth, fifth, and sixth, the
+second. The same distinction was adopted by the following early
+writers:--Origen (_Homil. viii. in Exod._), Greg. Nazienzen (_Carmina Mosis
+Decalogus_), Irenæus (lib. iii. c. 42.), Athanasius (_in Synopsi S.
+Scripturæ_), Ambrose (_in Ep. ad Ephes. c. vi._).
+
+It was first abandoned by Augustine, who was instigated to introduce this
+innovation by the unwarranted representation of the doctrine of the Trinity
+by the First Tablet containing three commandments. The schoolmen followed
+his example, and accommodated the words of God to the legislative
+requirements of their new divinity, progressive development, which
+terminated in the Church of Rome, in compelling them to command what He
+strictly prohibits (See Ussher's _Answer_.)
+
+    "Hath God himself any where declared this to be only an explication of
+    the first commandment? Have the prophets or Christ and His apostles
+    ever done it? How then can any man's conscience be safe in this matter?
+    For it is not a trifling controversy whether it be a distinct
+    commandment or an explication of the first; but the lawfulness or
+    unlawfulness of the worship of images depends very much upon it, for if
+    it be only an explication of the first, then, unless one takes images
+    to be gods, their worship is lawful, and so the heathens were excused
+    in it, who were not such idiots; but if it be a new and distinct
+    precept, then the worshipping any image or similitude becomes a
+    grievous sin, and exposes men to the wrath of God in that severe manner
+    mentioned in the end of it. And it is a great confirmation that this is
+    the true meaning of it, because all the primitive writers[20] of the
+    Christian Church not only thought it a sin against this commandment,
+    but insisted upon the force of it against those heathens who denied
+    that they took their images for gods; and, therefore, this is a very
+    insufficient account of leaving out the second commandment (that the
+    people are in no danger of superstition or idolatry by
+    it.)."--Stillingfleet's _Doctrines of the Church of Rome, 25. Of the
+    Second Commandment_.
+
+    "If God allow the worship of the represented by the representation, he
+    would never have forbidden that worship absolutely, which is unlawful
+    only in a certain respect."--Ibid. _Answer to the Conclusion_.
+
+With your permission I shall return to this subject, not of Images, but of
+the Second Commandment, in reply to MR. GATTY'S Queries on the division at
+present adopted by the Jews, &c.
+
+T. JONES.
+
+Chetham's Library, Manchester.
+
+[Footnote 20: Thus St. Augustine himself: "In the first commandment, any
+similitude of God in the figments of men is forbidden to be worshipped, not
+because God hath not an image, but because no image of Him ought to be
+worshipped, but that which is the same thing that He is, nor yet that for
+Him but with Him."--See what is further cited from Augustine by Ussher in
+his _Answer_.]
+
+_Mounds, Munts, Mount_ (Vol. iii., p. 187.).--If R. W. B. will refer to Mr.
+Lower's paper on the "Iron Works of the County of Sussex" in the second
+volume of the _Sussex Archælogical Collections_, he will find that iron
+works were carried on in the parish of Maresfield in 1724, and probably
+much later. It is therefore probable that the lands which he mentions have
+derived their names from the pit-mounts round the mouths of the pits
+through which the iron ore was raised to the surface. In Staffordshire and
+Shropshire the term _munt_ is used to denote fire-clay of an inferior kind,
+which makes a large part of every coal-pit mount in those counties. If the
+same kind of fire-clay was found in the iron mines of Sussex, it is not
+necessary to suggest the derivation of the word _munt_.
+
+I take this opportunity of suggesting to MR. ALBERT WAY that the utensil
+figured in page 179. of the above-mentioned work is not an ancient
+mustard-mill, but the upper part of an iron mould in which cannon-shot were
+cast. The iron tongs, of which a drawing is given in page 179., were
+probably useful for the purpose of drawing along a floor recently cast shot
+while they were too hot to be handled.
+
+V. X. Y.
+
+_San Graal_ (Vol. iii., pp 224. 281.).--Roquefort's article of nine columns
+in his _Glos. de la L. Rom._, is decisive of the word being derived from
+_Sancta Cratera;_ of _Graal, Gréal_, always having meant a vessel or dish
+and of all the old romancers having understood the expression in the same
+meaning, namely, _Sancta Cratera, le Saint Graal, the Holy Cup or Vessel_,
+because, according to the legend, Christ used it at the Paschal Supper; and
+Joseph of Arimathea afterwards employed it to catch the blood flowing from
+his wounds. Many cities formerly claimed the honour of possessing this
+fabulous relic. Of course, as Price shows, it was an old Oriental
+magic-dish legend, imitated in the West.
+
+GEORGE STEPHENS.
+
+Stockholm.
+
+_Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke_ (Vol. iii., pp 262. 307.).--It has
+been asserted that the second part of this epitaph was written by Lady
+Pembroke's son; among whose poems, which were published in 1660, the whole
+piece was included. (Park's _Walpole_, ii. 203. _note_; Gifford's _Ben
+Jonson_, viii. 337.) But it is notorious, that no confidence whatever can
+be placed in that volume (see this shown in detail in Mr. Hannah's edit. of
+Poems by Wotton and Raleigh, pp. 61. 63.); nor have we any right to
+distribute the two parts between different authors. There are at least
+_four_ {414} old copies of the whole; two in MSS. which are referred to by
+Mr. Hannah; the one in Pembroke's _Poems_; and the one in that Lansdowne
+MS., where it is ascribed to William Browne. Brydges assigned it to Browne,
+when he published his _Original Poems_ from that MS. at the Lee Priory
+Press in 1815, p. 5. Upon the whole, there seems to be more direct evidence
+for Browne than any other person.
+
+R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+_A History of the Articles of Religion: to which is added a Series of
+Documents from_ A.D. _1536 to_ A.D. _1615; together with Illustrations from
+Contemporary Sources_, by Charles Hardwick, M.A., is the title of an octavo
+volume, in which the author seeks to supply a want long felt, especially by
+students for Holy Orders; namely, a work which should show not the
+_doctrine_ but the _history_ of the Articles. For, as he well observes,
+while many have enriched our literature by expositions of the _doctrine_ of
+the Articles, "no regular attempt has been made to illustrate the framing
+of the Formulary itself, either by viewing it in connection with the
+kindred publications of an earlier and a later date, or still more in its
+relation to the period out of which it originally grew." This attempt Mr.
+Hardwick has now made very successfully; and it is because his book is
+historical and not polemical, that we feel called upon to notice it, and to
+bear our testimony to its interest, and its value to that "large class of
+readers who, anxious to be accurately informed upon the subject, are
+precluded from consulting the voluminous collectors, such as Strype, Le
+Plat, or Wilkins." Such readers will find Mr. Hardwick's volume a most
+valuable handbook.
+
+A practical illustration that "union is strength," is shown by a volume
+which has just reached us, entitled, _Reports and Papers read at the
+Meetings of the Architectural Societies of the Archdeaconry of Northampton,
+the Counties of York and Lincoln, and of the Architectural and
+Archæological Societies of Bedfordshire and St. Alban's during the Year
+_MDCCCL. _Presented gratuitously to the Members._ Had each of these
+Societies, instead of joining with its fellows, put forth a separate
+Report, the probability is, it would not only have involved such Society in
+an expense far beyond what it would be justified in incurring, but the
+Report itself would not have excited half the interest which will now be
+created by a comparison of its papers with those of its associate
+Societies; while, with the reduced expense, the benefit of a larger
+circulation is secured. The volume is one highly creditable to the
+Societies, and to the authors of the various communications which are to be
+found in it.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will be engaged on Monday and
+two following days in the Sale of a Library rich in works on every branch
+of what is now known as Folk Lore and Popular Antiquities, and which may
+certainly, and with great propriety, be styled "a very curious collection."
+The mere enumeration of the various subjects on the title-page of the
+Catalogue, ranging, as they do, from Mesmerism and Magic, to Celestial
+Influences, Phrenology, Physiognomy, &c., might serve for the Table of
+Contents to a History of Human Weakness.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Neander's History of the Planting and Training of the
+Christian Church by the Apostles, translated from the third edition of the
+original German by J. E. Ryland_, is the fourth volume of the Standard
+Library which Mr. Bohn has devoted to translations of the writings of
+Neander; the first and second being his _Church History_, in two volumes,
+and the third his _Life of Christ_.--_Cosmos, a Sketch of the Physical
+Description of the Universe by Alexander Von Humboldt, translated from the
+German by E. C. Otté_, vol. iii., is the new volume of Bohn's Scientific
+Library, and completes his edition of the translation of the great work of
+the Prussian philosopher.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Adam Holden's (60. High Street, Exeter) Catalogue
+Part XXXI. of Books in every Department of Literature; J. Wheldon's (4.
+Paternoster Row) Catalogue Part III. for 1851, of a valuable Collection of
+Topographical Books; J. Rowsell's (28. Great Queen Street) Catalogue No.
+XLIII. of a select Collection of Second-hand Books.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon.
+1634-57.
+
+PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522.
+
+CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.
+
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+ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the REV.
+S. R. MAITLAND, DD. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the late Archbishop
+of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.
+
+    "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+    read."--_Morning Herald_.
+
+    "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger
+    work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._
+
+    "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the practices
+    of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal_.
+
+    "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+    'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong.
+    We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he
+    will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London Medical Gazette_.
+
+    "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important.
+    That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we
+    ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but
+    we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing
+    about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has come to this at last) with the
+    subject."--_Dublin Evening Post_.
+
+    "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one
+    whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine
+    character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter
+    Gazette_.
+
+    "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention of the subject for
+    many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his
+    thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have
+    been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our
+    readers to the pamphlet itself."--_Brit. Mag._
+
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: March 11, 2009 [EBook #28311]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 401 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page401"></a>{401}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 82.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, May 24. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Note upon a Passage in "Measure for Measure"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page401">401</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Rhyming Latin Version of the Song on Robin Goodfellow, by S. W.
+      Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page402">402</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Folk Lore:&mdash;Devonshire Folk Lore: 1. Storms from Conjuring;
+      2. The Heath-hounds; 3. Cock scares the Fiend; 4. Cranmere
+      Pool&mdash;St. Uncumber and the offering of Oats&mdash;"Similia
+      similibus curantur"&mdash;Cure of large Neck</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page404">404</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Dibdin's Library Companion</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page405">405</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Notes:&mdash;A Note on Dress&mdash;Curious Omen at
+      Marriage&mdash;Ventriloquist Hoax&mdash;Barker, the original Panorama
+      Painter</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page406">406</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;Vegetable Sympathy&mdash;Court
+      Dress&mdash;Dieu et mon Droit&mdash;Cachecope Bell&mdash;The Image of
+      both Churches&mdash;Double Names&mdash;"If this fair Flower,"
+      &amp;c.&mdash;Hugh Peachell&mdash;Sir John Marsham&mdash;Legend
+      represented in Frettenham Church&mdash;King of Nineveh burns himself
+      in his Palace&mdash;Butchers not Jurymen&mdash;Redwing's
+      Nest&mdash;Earth thrown upon the Coffin&mdash;Family of
+      Rowe&mdash;Portus Canum&mdash;Arms of Sir John Davies&mdash;William
+      Penn&mdash;Who were the Writers in the North Briton?</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page407">407</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:&mdash;"Many a
+      Word"&mdash;Roman Catholic Church&mdash;Tick&mdash;Hylles'
+      Arithmetic</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page409">409</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Villenage</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page410">410</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Maclean not Junius</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page411">411</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;The Ten Commandments&mdash;Mounds,
+      Munts, Mounts&mdash;San Graal&mdash;Epitaph on the Countess of
+      Pembroke</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page412">412</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page414">414</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page414">414</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page414">414</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page415">415</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTE UPON A PASSAGE IN "MEASURE FOR
+MEASURE."</h3>
+
+  <p>The Third Act of <i>Measure for Measure</i> opens with Isabella's
+  visit to her brother (Claudio) in the dungeon, where he lies under
+  sentence of death. In accordance with Claudio's earnest entreaty, she has
+  sued for mercy to Angelo, the sanctimonious deputy, and in the course of
+  her allusion to the only terms upon which Angelo is willing to remit the
+  sentence, she informs him that he "must die," and then continues:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"This outward-sainted deputy,&mdash;</p>
+      <p>Whose settled visage and deliberate word</p>
+      <p>Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew,</p>
+      <p>As falcon doth the fowl,&mdash;is yet a devil;</p>
+      <p>His filth within being cast, he would appear</p>
+      <p>A pond as deep as hell."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Whereupon (according to the reading of the folio of 1623) Claudio, who
+  is aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in
+  astonishment:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The <i>prenzie</i> Angelo?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>To which Isabella replies (according to the reading of the same
+  edition):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,</p>
+      <p>The damned'st body to invest and cover</p>
+      <p>In <i>prenzie</i> guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,</p>
+      <p>If I would yield him my virginity,</p>
+      <p>Thou might'st be freed?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Claudio, still incredulous, rejoins:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O, heavens! it cannot be."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The word <i>prenzie</i> has given rise to much annotation, and it
+  seems to be universally agreed that the word is a misprint. The question
+  is, what was the word actually written, or intended, by Shakspeare?
+  Steevens and Malone suggested "princely;" Warburton, "priestly;" and
+  Tieck, "precise." Mr. Knight adopts "precise," the reading of Tieck, and
+  thinks "that, having to choose some word which would have the double
+  merit of agreeing with the sense of the passage and be similar in the
+  number and form of the letters, nothing can be more unfortunate than the
+  correction of "princely;" Mr. Collier, on the other hand, follows
+  Steevens and Malone, and reads "princely," observing the Tieck's reading
+  ("precise") "sounds ill as regards the metre, the accent falling on the
+  wrong syllable. Mr. Collier's choice is determined by the
+  <i>authority</i> of the second folio, which he considers ought to have
+  considerable weight, whilst Mr. Knight regards the authority of that
+  edition as very trifling; and the only point of agreement between the two
+  distinguished recent editors is with respect to Warburton's word
+  "priestly," which they both seem to think nearly conveys the meaning of
+  the poet.</p>
+
+  <p>I have over and over again considered the several emendations which
+  have been suggested, and it seems to me that none of them answer all the
+  necessary conditions; namely, that the word adopted shall be (1.)
+  suitable to the reputed character of Angelo; (2.) an appropriate epithet
+  to the word "guards," in the reply of Isabella above quoted; (3.) of the
+  proper metre in both <!-- Page 402 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page402"></a>{402}</span>places in which the misprint occurred; and
+  (4.) similar in appearance to the word "prenzie." "Princely" does not
+  agree with the sense or spirit of the particular passage; for it is
+  extremely improbable that Claudio, when confined under sentence of death
+  for an absurd and insufficient cause, would use a term of mere compliment
+  to the man by whom he had been doomed. "Precise" and "priestly" are both
+  far better than "princely;" but "precise" is wholly unsuited to the metre
+  in both places, and "priestly" points too much to a special character to
+  be appropriate to Angelo's office and position. It may also be remarked,
+  that both "princely" and "priestly" differ from the number and form of
+  the letters contained in "prenzie."</p>
+
+  <p>The word which I venture to suggest is "<span
+  class="sc">Pensive</span>," a word particularly applicable to a person of
+  saintly habits, and which is so applied by Milton in "Il Penseroso:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Come, pensive nun, devout and pure,</p>
+      <p>Sober, stedfast, and demure."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The word "pensive" is stated by Dr. Johnson to mean "sorrowfully
+  thoughtful, sorrowfully serious," or melancholy; and that such epithets
+  are appropriate to the reputed character of Angelo will be seen from the
+  following extracts:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I implore her, in my service, that she make friends</p>
+      <p>To the strict deputy."&mdash;<i>Claudio</i>, Act I. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,</p>
+      <p>A man of stricture, and firm abstinence."&mdash;<i>Duke</i>, Act I. Sc. 4.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"Lord Angelo is precise;</p>
+      <p>Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses</p>
+      <p>That his blood flows, or that his appetite</p>
+      <p>Is more to bread than stone."&mdash;<i>Duke</i>, Act I. Sc. 4.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"A man, whose blood</p>
+      <p>Is very snow-broth; one who never feels</p>
+      <p>The wanton stings and motions of the sense,</p>
+      <p>But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge</p>
+      <p>With profits of the mind, study and fast."&mdash;<i>Lucio</i>, Act I. Sc. 5.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>See also Angelo's portraiture of himself in the soliloquy at the
+  commencement of Act II. Sc. 4.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"My gravity,</p>
+      <p>Wherein (let no man hear me) I take pride,</p>
+      <p>Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume</p>
+      <p>Which the air beats for vain."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>And, lastly, the passage immediately under consideration:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"This outward-sainted deputy,</p>
+      <p>Whose settled visage and deliberate word,</p>
+      <p>Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."&mdash;<i>Isabella</i>, Act III. Sc. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Thus much as to the propriety of the word "pensive," in relation to
+  the reputed character of Angelo.</p>
+
+  <p>The next question is, whether the word "pensive" is an appropriate
+  epithet to the word "guards." If Messrs. Knight and Collier are correct
+  in construing "guards" to mean the "trimmings or border of robe," this
+  question must be answered in the negative. But it appears to me that they
+  are in error, and that the true meaning of the word "guards," in this
+  particular passage, is "outward appearances," as suggested by Monck
+  Mason; and, consequently, that the expression "pensive guards" means a
+  grave or sanctified countenance or demeanour&mdash;"the settled visage
+  and deliberate word" which "nips youth i' the head, and follies doth
+  emmew."</p>
+
+  <p>It requires no argument to establish that the word "pensive" is
+  suitable to the metre in both places in which the misprint occurred and
+  it is equally clear that "prenzie" and "pensive" in manuscript are so
+  similar, both in the number, form, and character of the letters, that the
+  one might easily be printed for the other. The two words also have a
+  certain resemblance, in point of sound; and if the word "pensive" be not
+  very distinctly pronounced, the mistake might be made by a scribe writing
+  from dictation.</p>
+
+  <p>Referring to Mrs. Cowden Clarke's admirable concordance of Shakspeare,
+  it appears that the word "pensive" is used by Shakspeare in the
+  <i>text</i> of his plays twice; namely, in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, Act
+  IV. Sc. 1., where Friar Laurence addresses Juliet thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>and again, in the Third Part of <i>Henry VI</i>., Act IV. Sc. 1.,
+  where Clarence is thus addressed by King Edward upon the subject of his
+  marriage with the Lady Grey:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now, brother Clarence, how like you our choice,</p>
+      <p>That you stand pensive, as half mal-content?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>I also find that, according to the stage directions (both ancient and
+  modern) of Act II. Sc 2. of <i>Henry VIII</i>. (see Collier's
+  <i>Shakspeare</i>, vol. v. p. 534., <i>note</i>), the king is described
+  to be found "reading pensively," at a moment when he is meditating his
+  divorce from Katharine of Arragon, not "because the marriage of his
+  brother's wife had crept too near his conscience," but "because his
+  conscience had crept too near another lady."</p>
+
+  <p>I might extend the argument by further observations upon the reference
+  last cited, but not without risk of losing all chance of a place in
+  "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>."</p>
+
+  <p>Query, Whether pen<i>s</i>ive was ever written or printed
+  pen<i>z</i>ive in Shakspeare's time? If so, that word would bear a still
+  closer resemblance to "prenzie."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Leges.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>RHYMING LATIN VERSION OF THE SONG ON ROBIN
+GOODFELLOW.</h3>
+
+  <p>In the same MS. from which I extracted Braithwait's Latin Drinking
+  Song, the following version <!-- Page 403 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page403"></a>{403}</span>of the well-known song on Robin Goodfellow
+  occurs. It is apparently by the same hand. I give the English, as it
+  contains but six stanzas, and affords some variations from the copy
+  printed by Percy; and indeed one stanza not given by him. Peck attributes
+  the song to Ben Jonson, but we know not on what foundation. It must be
+  confessed that internal evidence is against it. The publication of
+  Percy's <i>Reliques</i> had a no less beneficial influence on the
+  literature of Germany than it had on our own; and Voss had given an
+  admirable version of nine stanzas of this song as early as the year 1793.
+  The first stanza will afford some notion of his manner:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Von Oberon in Feenland,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Dem Könige der Geister,</p>
+      <p>Komm' ich, Knecht Robert, abgesandt,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Von meinem Herrn und Meister.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Als Kobolt und Pux,</p>
+      <p class="i2">Wohlkundig des Spuks,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Durchschwarm' ich Nacht vor Nacht.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Jezt misch' ich mich ein</p>
+      <p class="i2">Zum polternden Reihn,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Wohlauf, ihr alle, gelacht, gelacht!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Although the classic ear may be offended by the "barbarous adjunct of
+  rhyme," and by the solecisms and false quantities which sometimes occur,
+  "et alia multa damna atque outragia," others may be amused with these
+  emulations of the cloistered muse of the Middle Ages. The witty author of
+  <i>Whistlecraft</i> has shown that he had a true relish for them, and has
+  successfully tried his hand, observing at the same time:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Those monks were poor proficients in divinity,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And scarce knew more of Latin than myself;</p>
+      <p>Compar'd with theirs, they say that true Latinity</p>
+      <p class="i1">Appears like porcelain compar'd with delf."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Honest Barnaby had no intention of rivalling Horace: his humbler, but
+  not less amusing, prototypes were Walter de Mapes and his cotemporaries.
+  We may accept his own defence, if any is needed:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"That paltry Patcher is a bald translator,</p>
+      <p>Whose awl bores at the <i>words</i> but not the matter;</p>
+      <p>But this <span class="scac">TRANSLATOR</span> makes good use of leather,</p>
+      <p>By stitching <i>rhyme</i> and <i>reason</i> both together."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">A SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW.</p>
+
+  <div class="contents">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"From Oberon in faery-land,</p>
+      <p>The king of ghosts and goblins there,</p>
+      <p>Mad Robin I, at his command,</p>
+      <p>Am sent to view the night-sports here.</p>
+      <p>What revel rout is here about,</p>
+      <p>In every corner where I go;</p>
+      <p>I will it see, and merry be,</p>
+      <p>And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"As swift as lightning I do fly</p>
+      <p>Amidst the aery welkin soon,</p>
+      <p>And, in a minute's space, descry</p>
+      <p>What things are done below the moon.</p>
+      <p>There's neither hag nor spirit shall wag,</p>
+      <p>In any corner where I go;</p>
+      <p>But Robin I, their feats will spy,</p>
+      <p>And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Sometimes you find me like a man,</p>
+      <p>Sometimes a hawk, sometimes a hound,</p>
+      <p>Then to a horse me turn I can,</p>
+      <p>And trip and troll about you round:</p>
+      <p>But if you stride my back to ride,</p>
+      <p>As swift as air I with you go,</p>
+      <p>O'er hedge, o'er lands, o'er pool, o'er ponds,</p>
+      <p>I run out laughing ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"When lads and lasses merry be,</p>
+      <p>With possets and with junkets fine;</p>
+      <p>Unknown to all the company,</p>
+      <p>I eat their cake and drink their wine;</p>
+      <p>Then to make sport, I snore and snort,</p>
+      <p>And all the candles out I blow;</p>
+      <p>The maids I kiss; they ask who's this?</p>
+      <p>I answer, laughing, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If that my fellow elf and I</p>
+      <p>In circle dance do trip it round,</p>
+      <p>And if we chance, by any eye</p>
+      <p>There present, to be seen or found,</p>
+      <p>Then if that they do speak or say,</p>
+      <p>But mummes continue as they go,<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
+      <p>Then night by night I them affright,</p>
+      <p>With pinches, dreams, and ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Since hag-bred Merlin's time have I</p>
+      <p>Continued night-sports to and fro,</p>
+      <p>That, for my pranks, men call me by</p>
+      <p>The name of Robin Goodfellow.</p>
+      <p>There's neither hag nor spirit doth wag,</p>
+      <p>The fiends and goblins do me know;</p>
+      <p>And beldames old my tales have told;</p>
+      <p>Sing Vale, Vale, ho, ho, ho!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>The Latine of the foregoing verses</i>.</p>
+
+  <div class="contents">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ab Oberone lemurum</p>
+      <p>C&oelig;metriorum regulo,</p>
+      <p>Spectator veni lubricum,</p>
+      <p>Illius jussu, Robbio;</p>
+      <p>Quodcunque joci, sit hic loci,</p>
+      <p>Quocunque vado in angulo,</p>
+      <p>Id speculabor, et conjocabor,</p>
+      <p>Sonorem boans, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Præceps feror per aerem</p>
+      <p>Telo trisulco citius,</p>
+      <p>Et translunaria penetrem</p>
+      <p>Momento brevi ocyus;</p>
+      <p>Larvatus frater non vagatur</p>
+      <p>Quocunque vado in angulo,</p>
+      <p>Nam Robbio, huic obvio,</p>
+      <p>Et facta exploro, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nunc canis nunc accipiter,</p>
+      <p>Et homo nunc obambulo,</p>
+      <p>Nunc equi forma induor</p>
+      <p>Et levis circumcursito;</p>
+<!-- Page 404 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page404"></a>{404}</span>
+      <p>Si quis me prendat, et ascendat,</p>
+      <p>Velocius aurâ rapio,</p>
+      <p>Per prata, montes, vada, fontes,</p>
+      <p>Risumque tollo, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Cum juvenes convivio</p>
+      <p>Admiscent se puellulis,</p>
+      <p>Ignotus vinum haurio</p>
+      <p>Et impleor bellariis;</p>
+      <p>Tunc sterto, strepo, et dum crepo,</p>
+      <p>Lucernam flatu adventillo,</p>
+      <p>Hæc basiatur; hic quis? clamatur,</p>
+      <p>Cachinnans reddo, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Si quando cum consorte larva</p>
+      <p>In circulum tripudio,</p>
+      <p>Et observemur nos per arva</p>
+      <p>Acutiori oculo;</p>
+      <p>Et si spectator eloquatur</p>
+      <p>Nec os obhæret digito,</p>
+      <p>Nocte terremus et torquemus</p>
+      <p>Ungue spectris, ho, ho, ho!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Post incubiginam Merlinum</p>
+      <p>Nocturni feci ludicra,</p>
+      <p>Et combibonem me Robbinum</p>
+      <p>Vocent ob jocularia,</p>
+      <p>Me dæmones, me lemures,</p>
+      <p>Me novite tenebrio,</p>
+      <p>Decantant me veneficæ;</p>
+      <p>Vale! Valete! ho, ho, ho!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>This line is distinctly so written. We should probably read <i>or</i>
+  instead of <i>but</i>. <i>Mummes</i> may mean <i>mumbling</i>,
+  muttering.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">DEVONSHIRE FOLK LORE.</p>
+
+  <p>1. <i>Storms from Conjuring</i>.&mdash;A common Devonshire remark on
+  the rising of a storm is, "Ah! there is a conjuring going on somewhere."
+  The following illustration was told me by an old inhabitant of this
+  parish. In the parish of St. Mary Tavy is a spot called "Steven's grave,"
+  from a suicide said to have been buried there. His spirit proving
+  troublesome to the neighbourhood, was laid by a former curate on Sunday
+  after afternoon service. A man who accompanied the clergyman on the way
+  was told by him to make haste home, as a storm was coming. The man
+  hurried away home; but though the afternoon had previously been very
+  fine, he had scarcely reached his door before a violent thunderstorm came
+  to verify the clergyman's words.</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>The Heath-hounds</i>.&mdash;The <i>brutende heer</i> are
+  sometimes heard near Dartmoor, and are known by the appellation of
+  "Heath-hounds." They were heard in the parish of St. Mary Tavy several
+  years ago by an old man called Roger Burn: he was working in the fields,
+  when he suddenly heard the baying of the hounds, the shouts and horn of
+  the huntsman, and the smacking of his whip. This last point the old man
+  quoted as at once settling the question. "How could I be mistaken? why I
+  heard the very smacking of his whip."</p>
+
+  <p>3. <i>Cock scares the Fiend</i>.&mdash;Mr. N. was a Devonshire squire
+  who had been so unfortunate as to sell his soul to the devil, with the
+  condition that after his funeral the fiend should take possession of his
+  skin. He had also persuaded a neighbour to undertake to be present on the
+  occasion of the flaying. On the death of Mr. N., this man went in a state
+  of great alarm to the parson of the parish, and asked his advice. By him
+  he was told to fulfil his engagement, but he must be sure and carry a
+  cock into the church with him. On the night after the funeral, the man
+  proceeded to the church armed with the cock; and, as an additional
+  security, took up his position in the parson's pew. At twelve o'clock the
+  devil arrived, opened the grave, took the corpse from the coffin and
+  flayed it. When the operation was concluded, he held the skin up before
+  him, and remarked: "Well! 'twas not worth coming for after all, for it is
+  all full of holes!" As he said this, the cock crew; whereupon the fiend,
+  turning round to the man, exclaimed: "If it had not been for the bird you
+  have got there under your arm, I would have your skin too." But, thanks
+  to the cock, the man got home safe again.</p>
+
+  <p>4. <i>Cranmere Pool</i>.&mdash;Cranmere Pool, in the centre of
+  Dartmoor, is a great penal settlement for refractory spirits. Many of the
+  former inhabitants of this parish are still there expiating their ghostly
+  pranks. An old farmer was so troublesome to his survivors as to require
+  seven clergymen to secure him. By their means, however, he was
+  transformed into a colt; and a servant boy was directed to take him to
+  Cranmere Pool. On arriving at the brink of the pool, he was to take off
+  the halter, and return instantly without looking round. Curiosity proving
+  too powerful, he turned his head to see what was going on, when he beheld
+  the colt plunge into the lake in the form of a ball of fire. Before doing
+  so, however, he gave the lad a parting salute in the form of a kick,
+  which knocked out one of his eyes.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. (4.)</p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Mary Tavy, May 5. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>St. Uncumber and the offering of Oats</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 286. 342.
+  381.).&mdash;A further illustration of this custom is found in the legend
+  of St. Rhadegund, or at least in the metrical version of it, which is
+  commonly ascribed to Henry Bradshaw. A copy of this very scarce poem,
+  from the press of Pynson, is preserved in the library of Jesus College,
+  Cambridge. We there read as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Among all myracles after our intelligence</p>
+      <p class="i1">Which Radegunde shewed by her humilite,</p>
+      <p>One is moost vsuall had in experience</p>
+      <p class="i1">Among the common people noted with hert fre</p>
+      <p><i>By offeryng of otes</i> after theyr degre</p>
+      <p class="i1">At her holy aulters where myracles in sight</p>
+      <p class="i1">Dayly haue be done by grace day and nyght.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+<!-- Page 405 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page405"></a>{405}</span>
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>By oblacion of othes</i>, halt lame and blynde</p>
+      <p class="i1">Hath ben restored vnto prosperite;</p>
+      <p>Dombe men to speke aboue cours of kynde</p>
+      <p class="i1">Sickemen delyuered from payne and miserie,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Maydens hath kept theyr pure virginite,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Wyddowes defended from greuous oppression,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And clarkes exalted by her to promocion."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>It is also remarkable that a <i>reason</i> exists in the story of this
+  saint for the choice of so strange an offering. As she was escaping from
+  her husband, a crop of <i>oats</i> sprang up miraculously, to testify in
+  her behalf, and to silence the messengers who had been sent to turn her
+  from her purpose.</p>
+
+  <p>On this account is there not room for the conjecture that <i>St.
+  Rhadegund</i> is the original St. Uncumber, and that the custom of
+  offering oats at Poules, when a wife was weary of her husband, is
+  traceable to the story of the French queen, who died in 587.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Similia similibus curantur</i>."&mdash;The list proposed by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. James Buckman</span> (Vol. iii., p. 320.) of "old wives'
+  remedies," based on the above principle, would, I imagine, be of endless
+  length; but the following extract from the <i>Herbal</i> of Sir John
+  Hill, M.D., "Fellow of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux,"
+  published in 1789, will show at how late a period such notions have been
+  entertained by men of education and even scientific
+  attainment:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is to be observed that nature seems to have set her stamp upon
+  several herbs, which have the virtue to stop bleedings; this [cranesbill]
+  and the tutsan, the two best remedies the fields afford for outward and
+  inward bleedings, become all over as red as blood at a certain
+  season."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Seleucus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Cure of large Neck</i>.&mdash;I send you two remedies in use here
+  for the cure of a common complaint, called "large neck." Perhaps they may
+  be worthy of a place in your "Folk Lore."</p>
+
+  <p>A common snake, held by its head and tail, is slowly drawn, by some
+  one standing by, nine times across the front part of the neck of the
+  person affected, the reptile being allowed, after every third time, to
+  crawl about for a while. Afterwards the snake is put alive into a bottle,
+  which is corked tightly and then buried in the ground. The tradition is,
+  that as the snake decays the swelling vanishes.</p>
+
+  <p>The second mode of treatment is just the same as the above, with the
+  exception of the snake's doom. In this case it is killed, and its skin,
+  sewn in a piece of silk, is worn round the diseased neck. By degrees the
+  swelling in this case also disappears.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rovert.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Withyam, Sussex.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DIBDIN'S LIBRARY COMPANION.</h3>
+
+  <p>A few days since the writer was musing over the treasures of one of
+  the most amiable of the bibliographical brotherhood, when his eye rested
+  on a document endorsed with the following mysterious notification: "A
+  Squib for Dibdin, to be let off on the next Fifth of November." What in
+  the name of Guido Fawkes have we here! Thinking that the explosion in
+  "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" would do no harm, but perhaps
+  some good, a note was kindly permitted to be taken of it for that
+  publication. It was evidently written soon after the appearance of the
+  <i>Library Companion.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Sundry Errors discovered in the Library Companion, recently put
+  forth by the Rev. T.&nbsp;F. Dibdin</i>, F.R.S., A.S. This work exhibits the
+  most extraordinary instance of gross negligence that has appeared since
+  the discovery of the profitable art of book-making. In two notes (pp. 37,
+  38.), comprised in twelve lines, occur <i>fifteen</i> remarkable
+  blunders, such as any intelligent bookseller could, without much trouble,
+  have corrected for the Rev. and learned author.</p>
+
+  <p>"Henry's <i>Exposition of the Old and New Testaments</i> first
+  appeared collectively in 1710<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, five<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> vols. folio; but the recent edition
+  of 1810<a name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, in
+  six vols. 4to., is the best<a name="footnotetag5"
+  href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, as the last volume contains<a
+  name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> additional
+  matter from the author's MSS. left at his decease.&mdash;Dr. Gill's
+  <i>Exposition of the New Testament</i> was published in 1746, &amp;c.,
+  three vols. folio; of the Old, in 1748<a name="footnotetag7"
+  href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a>, &amp;c., nine<a name="footnotetag8"
+  href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a> vols. folio; but the work advancing
+  in reputation and price, became rare, so as to induce Mr. Bagster<a
+  name="footnotetag9" href="#footnote9"><sup>[9]</sup></a> to put forth a
+  new edition of the whole, in ten<a name="footnotetag10"
+  href="#footnote10"><sup>[10]</sup></a> vols. 4to. I recommend the
+  annotations of Gill to every theological collector, and those who have
+  the quarto edition will probably feel disposed to purchase Gill's <i>Body
+  of Practical</i><a name="footnotetag11"
+  href="#footnote11"><sup>[11]</sup></a> <i>Divinity</i>, containing<a
+  name="footnotetag12" href="#footnote12"><sup>[12]</sup></a> some account
+  of his life, writings, and character, in two<a name="footnotetag13"
+  href="#footnote13"><sup>[13]</sup></a> volumes 4to. 1773.<a
+  name="footnotetag14" href="#footnote14"><sup>[14]</sup></a> These two<a
+  name="footnotetag15" href="#footnote15"><sup>[15]</sup></a> volumes are
+  worth about 1<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i><a name="footnotetag16"
+  href="#footnote16"><sup>[16]</sup></a>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>Instead of 1710, read 1707.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>This edition is in <i>six</i> volumes.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>It bears the date of 1811.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+  <p>The best edition of Henry's <i>Commentary</i> was elegantly printed by
+  Knapton, in 5 vols. folio, 1761, known as the fifth edition.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+  <p>This new edition is respectable, except the plates, which had been
+  well worn in Bowyer's <i>Cabinet Bible</i>. The <i>Commentary</i> is
+  printed verbatim from the former editions, and has <i>no</i> additional
+  matter from the author's MSS. left at his decease; no mention of anything
+  of the kind is made in the title, preface, or advertisement, until Mr.
+  Dibdin so marvellously brought it to light: upon what authority he makes
+  the assertion remains a mystery. A very considerable number of sets
+  remain unsold in the warehouse of a certain great bookseller.
+  <i>Query</i>. Was the Rev. gentleman's pen dipped in gold when he wrote
+  this puff direct?</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+  <p>Not 1748, &amp;c.: it first appeared in 1763, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+  <p>Nine volumes folio should be <i>six</i> volumes folio.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+  <p>It was not Mr. Bagster, but Messrs. Mathews and Leigh of the Strand,
+  who put forth the new edition of Dr. Gill's <i>Exposition</i>.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote10"></a><b>Footnote 10:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag10">(return)</a>
+  <p>It was completed in <i>nine</i> vols. 4to.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote11"></a><b>Footnote 11:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag11">(return)</a>
+  <p>The title is <i>A Body of Doctrinal Divinity</i>.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote12"></a><b>Footnote 12:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag12">(return)</a>
+  <p>Dr. Gill's <i>Body of Divinity</i> was published by <i>himself</i>,
+  and has no account of his life, writings, and character.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote13"></a><b>Footnote 13:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag13">(return)</a>
+  <p>It was in <i>three</i> vols. 4to, not in two.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote14"></a><b>Footnote 14:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag14">(return)</a>
+  <p>Instead of 1773, it was published in 1769-70; nor did any new edition
+  appear for many years, until those recently printed in 3 vols. 8vo., and
+  1 vol. 4to.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote15"></a><b>Footnote 15:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag15">(return)</a>
+  <p>These two vols. should be <i>three</i> vols.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote16"></a><b>Footnote 16:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag16">(return)</a>
+  <p>Dr. Gill's <i>Body of Divinity</i> is introduced under the head of
+  "English Bibles!"</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p>"These glaring errors are made with regard to <!-- Page 406 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page406"></a>{406}</span>modern books, and may
+  seriously mislead the bibliomaniacs of the next generation; but what can
+  be expected from an author who, in giving directions for the selection of
+  Hebrew Bibles, forgets the beautiful and correct editions of <span
+  class="sc">Vanderhooght</span> and <span class="sc">Jablonski</span>; who
+  tells us that Frey republished Jahn's<a name="footnotetag17"
+  href="#footnote17"><sup>[17]</sup></a> edition of the Hebrew Bible in
+  1812; and who calls Boothroyd's incorrect and ugly double-columned 4to.
+  '<i>admirable</i>.'<a name="footnotetag18"
+  href="#footnote18"><sup>[18]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>"The Rev. gentleman fully proves, in the compilation of his volume,
+  that he can dip his pen in gall, as well as allow it to be guided by
+  gold. Dr. Warton's <i>History of English Poetry</i>, a very beautiful and
+  correct edition, greatly enlarged from most interesting materials at a
+  very considerable expense, has just issued from the press in 3 vols. 8vo.
+  But 'Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?' It was not published by
+  any of the favoured houses; hence the following ominous notice of it:
+  'Clouds and darkness rest upon it!'<a name="footnotetag19"
+  href="#footnote19"><sup>[19]</sup></a> Gentle reader, they are the clouds
+  and darkness of <i>Cheapside.</i> It may be possible that some propitious
+  golden breeze had driven all the clouds and darkness from Cornhill,
+  Paternoster Row, the Strand, Pall-Mall, and Bedford Street."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. Y.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hoxton.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote17"></a><b>Footnote 17:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag17">(return)</a>
+  <p>Frey republished Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible in 1811.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote18"></a><b>Footnote 18:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag18">(return)</a>
+  <p>Note on page 24.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote19"></a><b>Footnote 19:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag19">(return)</a>
+  <p>Note on page 667.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>A Note on Dress.</i>&mdash;Dress is mutable, who denies it? but
+  still old fashions are retained to a far greater extent than one would at
+  first imagine. The Thames watermen rejoice in the dress of Elizabeth:
+  while the royal beefeaters (buffetiers) wear that of private soldiers of
+  the time of Henry VII.; the blue-coat boy, the costume of a London
+  citizen of the reign of Edward VI.; the London charity-school girls, the
+  plain mob cap and long gloves of the time of Queen Anne. In the brass
+  badge of the cabmen, we see a retention of the dress of Elizabethan
+  retainers: while the shoulder-knots that once decked an officer now adorn
+  a footman. The attire of the sailor of William III.'s era is now seen
+  amongst our fishermen. The university dress is as old as the age of the
+  Smithfield martyrs. The linen bands of the pulpit and the bar are
+  abridgments of the falling collar.</p>
+
+  <p>Other costumes are found lurking in provinces, and amongst some
+  trades. The butchers' blue is the uniform of a guild. The quaint little
+  head-dress of the market women of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, is in fact
+  the gipsy hat of George II. Scarlet has been the colour of soldiers'
+  uniform from the time of the Lacedemonians. The blue of the army we
+  derived from the Puritans; of the navy from the colours of a mistress of
+  George I.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Torro.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Curious Omen at Marriage</i>.&mdash;In Miss Benger's <i>Memoirs of
+  Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia</i>, it is mentioned that,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is by several writers observed that, towards the close of the
+  ceremony, <i>certain coruscations of joy</i> appeared in Elizabeth's
+  face, which were afterwards supposed to be sinister presages of her
+  misfortunes."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In a note, Echard is alluded to as the authority for this singular
+  circumstance.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your readers explain <i>why</i> such a <i>coruscation of
+  joy</i> upon a wedding day should forebode evil? or whether any other
+  instances are on record of its so doing?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. A. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ventriloquist Hoax</i> (Vol. ii., p. 101.).&mdash;The following is
+  extracted from <i>Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in
+  England, Scotland, and Ireland, by R.&nbsp;B., Author of the History of the
+  Wars of England, &amp;c.</i>, Remarks of London, &amp;c., 12mo., 1684, p.
+  137. It may serve as a pendant to the ventriloquist hoax mentioned by
+  C.&nbsp;H., Vol. ii., p. 101.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have a letter by me, saith Mr. Clark, dated July 7, 1606, written
+  by one Mr. Bovy to a minister in London, where he thus writes: 'Touching
+  news, you shall understand that Mr. Sherwood hath received a letter from
+  Mr. Arthur Hildersham, which containeth this following narrative: that at
+  Brampton, in the parish of Torksey, near Gainsborough in Lincolnshire, an
+  ash-tree shaketh both in the body and boughs thereof, and there proceed
+  from thence sighs and groans, like those of a man troubled in his sleep,
+  as if it felt some sensible torment. Many have climbed to the top
+  thereof, where they heard the groans more plainly than they could below.
+  One among the rest being a-top, spoke to the tree; but presently came
+  down much astonished, and lay grovelling on the earth speechless for
+  three hours, and then reviving said, <i>Brampton, Brampton,</i> thou art
+  much bound to pray.' The author of this news is one Mr. Vaughan, a
+  minister who was there present and heard and saw these passages, and told
+  Mr. Hildersham of it. The Earl of Lincoln caused one of the arms of the
+  ash to be lopped off, and a hole to be bored into the body, and then was
+  the sound or hollow voice heard more audibly than before; but in a kind
+  of speech which they could not comprehend nor understand."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">K. P. D. E.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Barker, the original Panorama Painter.</i>&mdash;Mr. Cunningham, at
+  p. 376. of his admirable <i>Handbook of London,</i> says that Robert
+  Barker, who originated the Panorama in Leicester Square, died in 1806.
+  Now, Barker, who preceded Burford, and eventually, I think, entered into
+  partnership with him, married a friend of my family, a daughter of the
+  Admiral Bligh against whom had been the mutiny in the <i>Bounty</i>. I
+  remember Mr. Barker, and his house in Surrey Square, or some small square
+  on the Surrey side of London Bridge; also its wooden rotunda for painting
+  in; and this, too, at the time when the picture of Spitzbergen was in
+  progress <!-- Page 407 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page407"></a>{407}</span>and you felt almost a chill as the
+  transparent icebergs were splashed on.</p>
+
+  <p>If there have not been two Messrs. Barker connected with the Panorama,
+  Mr. Cunningham must be incorrect in his date, for I was not in existence
+  in 1806.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>MINOR QUERIES.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Vegetable Sympathy.</i>&mdash;I have been told that Sir Humphrey
+  Davy asserted that the shoots of trees, if transplanted, will only live
+  as long as the parent stock&mdash;supposing that to die naturally. How is
+  this to be accounted for, if true?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. A. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Court Dress</i>&mdash;When was the present court dress first
+  established as the recognised costume for state ceremonials? and if there
+  are extant any orders of the Earl Marshal upon the subject, where are
+  they printed?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henco.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Dieu et mon Droit.</i>&mdash;When was this first adopted as the
+  motto of our sovereigns? I have heard widely different dates assigned to
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Leicestrensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Cachecope Bell.</i>&mdash;In the ancient accounts of the
+  churchwardens of the parish of St. Mary-de-Castro, Leicester, and also in
+  those of St. Martin in the same town, the term "cachecope," "kachecope,"
+  "catche coppe," or "catch-corpe-bell," is not of unfrequent occurrence:
+  <i>e.&nbsp;g.</i>, in the account for St. Mary's for the year 1490, we
+  have:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"For castynge ye cachecope bell, j<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"It. To Thos. Raban for me'dyng ye kachecope bell whole,
+  iiij<i>d.</i>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I have endeavoured in vain to ascertain the meaning and derivation of
+  the word, which is not to be found in Mr. Halliwell's excellent
+  <i>Dictionary of Archaic Words</i>. Can you enlighten me on the
+  subject?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Leicestrensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Image of both Churches.</i>&mdash;A curious work, treating
+  largely of the schism between the Catholics and Protestants in the reign
+  of Queen Elizabeth, was printed at Tornay in 1623, under the following
+  title: <i>The Image of bothe Churches, Hierusalem and Babel, Unitie and
+  Confusion, Obedience and Sedition, by P.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;M.</i> What is the proof that
+  this was written by Dr. Matthew Paterson?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Double Names.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some one would explain why so many
+  persons formerly bore two names, as "Hooker <i>alias</i> Vowel."
+  Illegitimacy may have sometimes caused it: but this will not explain
+  those cases where the bearers ostentatiously set forth both names.
+  Perhaps they were the names of both parents, used even by lawfully born
+  persons to distinguish themselves from others of the same paternal
+  name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>If this fair flower</i>," &amp;c.&mdash;Would you kindly find a
+  place for the lines which follow? I have but slender hopes of discovering
+  their author, but think that their beauty is such as to deserve a
+  reprint. They are not by Waller; nor Dryden, as far as I know. I found
+  them in a periodical published in Scotland during the last century, and
+  called <i>The Bee</i>.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lines supposed to have been addressed, with the present of a white
+  rose, by a Yorkist, to a lady of the Lancastrian faction.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'If this fair flower offend thy sight,</p>
+      <p class="i1">It in thy bosom bear:</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'Twill blush to be outmatched in white</p>
+      <p class="i1">And turn Lancastrian there!'"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I observe that amongst the many "Notes" and quotations on the subject
+  of the supposed power of prophecy before death, no one has cited those
+  most beautiful lines of Campbell in "Lochiel's Warning:"</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"'Tis the <i>sunset</i> of life gives me mystical lore,</p>
+      <p>And coming events cast their shadows before."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hugh Peachell&mdash;Sir John Marsham.</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents give me information respecting one Hugh Peachell, of whom
+  I find the following curious notice in a bundle of MSS. in the State
+  Paper Office, marked "<i>America and West Indies, No.</i> 481<span
+  class="scac">A</span>."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"St. Michael's Toune in ye Barbados, Sept. 30. [1670]. Jo Neuington,
+  Addrese w. Mr. James Drawater, Merch<sup>t</sup> at Mr. Jo. Lindapp's, at
+  ye Bunch of Grapes in Ship yard by Temple barre.&mdash;All ye news I can
+  write from here is, y<sup>t</sup> one Hugh Peachell, who hath been in
+  this Island allmost twenty years and lived w<sup>th</sup> many persons of
+  good esteem, and was last with Coll. Barwick. It was observed that he
+  gained much monyes, yet none thrived lesse than hee; and falling sicke
+  about 3 weeks since, was much troubled in his conscience, but would not
+  utter himself to any but a minister, who being sent for He did
+  acknowledge himself ye person y<sup>t</sup> cut of ye head of King
+  Charles, for w<sup>ch</sup> he had 100<sup>lbs</sup> and w<sup>th</sup>
+  much seeming penitence and receiving such comforts as the Devine, one
+  parson Leshely, an emminent man here, could afford him, he dyed in a
+  quarter of an hour afterwards. This you may report for truth, allthough
+  you should not have it from any other hand. He had 100<sup>lbs</sup> for
+  ye doing of itt. There is one Wm. Hewit condemned for ye same, I think
+  now in Newgate; he will be glad you acquaint him of this if he have it
+  not allready."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Oldmixon, in his <i>British Empire in America</i>, mentions a Sir John
+  Marsham of Barbados; was he a knight or baronet, and when did he die?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Downing Bruce</span>, F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Middle Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Legend represented in Frettenham Church.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some one
+  of your numerous readers may <!-- Page 408 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page408"></a>{408}</span>be able to give an explanation of the
+  following legend, for such I suppose it to be:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>In the parish church of Frettenham, co. Norfolk, several alabaster
+  carvings were discovered some years ago, near the chancel arch, having
+  traces of colour. The most perfect, and the one which had most claims to
+  merit as a piece of sculpture, represented a very curious scene. A horse
+  was standing fixed in a kind of stocks, a machine for holding animals
+  fast while they were being shod. But it (the horse) had only three legs:
+  close by stood a Bishop, or mitred Abbot, holding the horse's missing
+  fore quarter, on the hoof of which a smith was nailing a shoe. Of course
+  the power which had so easily removed a leg would as easily replace
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p>The details of the story may be very safely conjectured to have
+  been&mdash;a Bishop or high church dignitary is going on a journey or
+  pilgrimage; his horse drops a shoe; on being taken to a smith's to have
+  it replaced, the animal becomes restive, and cannot be shod even with the
+  help of the stocks; whereupon the bishop facilitates the operation in the
+  manner before described. One feels tempted to ask why he could not have
+  replaced the shoe without the smith's intervention.</p>
+
+  <p>What I want to know is, of whom is this story told? I regret that not
+  having seen the carving in question, I can give no particulars of dress,
+  &amp;c., which might help to determine its age; nor could my informant,
+  though he perfectly well remembered the subject represented. He told me
+  that he had often mentioned it to people likely to know of the existence
+  of such a legend, but could never gain any information respecting it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. J. E.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">King's Col. Cambridge, May 9. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>King of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace</i>.&mdash;In a review
+  of Mr. Layard's work on Nineveh (<i>Quarterly</i>, vol. lxxxiv. p. 140.)
+  I find the following statement:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The act of Sardanapalus in making his palace his own funeral pyre and
+  burning himself upon it, is also attributed to the king who was
+  overthrown by Cyaxares."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>May I ask where the authority for this statement is to be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">X. Z.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Butchers not Jurymen</i>.&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"As the law does think it fit</p>
+      <p>No butchers shall on juries sit."&mdash;Butler's <i>Ghost</i>, cant. ii.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The vulgar error expressed in these lines is not extinct, even at the
+  present day. The only explanation I have seen of its origin is given in
+  Barrington's <i>Observations on the more Ancient Statutes</i>, p. 474.,
+  on 3 Hen. VIII., where, after referring in the text to a statute by which
+  surgeons were exempted from attendance on juries, he adds in a note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It may perhaps be thought singular to suppose that this exemption
+  from serving on juries is the foundation of the vulgar error, that a
+  surgeon or butcher from the barbarity of their business may be challenged
+  as jurors."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Sir H. Spelman, in his <i>Answer to an Apology for Archbishop
+  Abbott</i>, says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In our law, those that were exercised in slaughter of beasts, were
+  not received to be triers of the life of a man."&mdash;<i>Posth.
+  Works</i>, p. 112.; <i>St. Trials</i>, vol. ii. p. 1171.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>So learned a man as Spelman must, I think, have had some ground for
+  this statement, and could scarcely be repeating a vulgar error taking its
+  rise from a statute then hardly more than a hundred years old. I hope
+  some of your readers will be able to give a more satisfactory explanation
+  than Barrington's.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. S. T. T.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Redwing's Nest</i>.&mdash;I trust you will excuse my asking, if any
+  of your correspondents have found the nest of the redwing? for I lately
+  discovered what I consider as the egg of this bird in a nest containing
+  four blackbirds' eggs. The egg answers exactly the description given of
+  that of the redwing thrush, both in Bewick and Wood's <i>British Song
+  Birds;</i> being bluish-green, with a few largish spots of a dark brown
+  colour. The nest was not lined with mud, as is usually the case with a
+  blackbird's, but with moss and dried grass.</p>
+
+  <p>Has the egg of the redwing been ever seen in this situation
+  before?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. T. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lyndon.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Earth thrown upon the Coffin</i>.&mdash;Is there anything known
+  respecting the origin of the ceremony of throwing earth upon the coffin
+  at funerals? The following note is from a little German tale, <i>Die
+  Richtensteiner</i>, by Van der Velde, a tale of the time of the Thirty
+  Years' war. Whether the ceremony is still performed in Germany as there
+  described, I do not know.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Darauf warfen, nach der alten, frommen Sitte, zum letzten Lebewohl,
+  der Wittwer, und die Waisen drei Hände voll Erde auf den Sarg hinunter
+  ... Alle Zuschauer drangten sich nur um das Grab ... und aus hundert
+  Händen flog die Erde hinab auf den Sarg."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. (4.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Family of Rowe</i>.&mdash;Lysons, in his work <i>Environs of
+  London</i>, gives an extract from the will of Sir Thomas Rowe, of
+  Hackney, and, as his authority, says in a note:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Extracts of Wills in the Prerogative Office</i>, by E. Rowe Mores,
+  Esq., in the possession of Th. Astle, Esq., F.R.A.S."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can any of your numerous readers inform me in whose possession the
+  above now is? And whether, wherever it is, it is open to inspection?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tee Bee.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Portus Canum</i>.&mdash;Erim, one of the biographers of Becket,
+  states that the archbishop's murderers <!-- Page 409 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page409"></a>{409}</span>(<i>S. Thom.
+  Cantuar</i>., ed. Giles, vol. i. p. 65.), having crossed from France,
+  landed at <i>Portus Canum</i>. It has been conjectured that this means
+  Hythe, which is close to Saltwood Castle, where the knights were received
+  by Ranulph de Broc (<i>English Review</i>, December, 1846, p. 410.). Is
+  the conjecture right? I believe Hasted does not notice the name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. C. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Sir John Davies</i>.&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+  inform me what were the arms, crest, and motto (if any), borne by Sir
+  John Davies, the eminent lawyer and poet? In a collection which I have
+  made of the armorial bearings of the families of Davies, Davis, and
+  Davys, amounting to more than fifty distinct coats, there occur the arms
+  of <i>three</i> Sir John Davies or Davys, but there is nothing to
+  distinguish which of them was <i>the</i> Sir John.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Llaw Gyffes.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>William Penn</i>.&mdash;Will <span class="sc">Mr. Hepworth
+  Dixon</span>, or some of your correspondents, be so good as to send a
+  reply to this Query?</p>
+
+  <p>What was the name, and whose daughter was the lady to whom William
+  Penn (the son of William Penn and Miss Springett) was married?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. N. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Who were the Writers in the North Briton?</i>&mdash;The
+  <i>Athenæum</i> of Saturday, May 17, contains a very interesting article
+  on the recently published <i>Correspondence of Horace Walpole with
+  Mason</i>, in which certain very palpable hits are made as to the
+  identity of Mason and Junius. In the course of the article the following
+  Query occurs:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the second Part of the folio edition of the <i>North Briton</i>
+  published by Bingley, in the British Museum, are inserted two folio pages
+  of manuscript thus headed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">'The Extraordinary<br />
+NORTH BRITON.<br />
+By W. M.'</p>
+
+  <p>This manuscript is professedly a copy from a publication issued June
+  3rd, 1768, by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet Street, price three-pence. It is
+  a letter addressed to Lord Mansfield, and an appeal in favour of Wilkes,
+  on whom, the writer says, judgment is this day to be pronounced. It is
+  written somewhat in the style of Junius. The satire is so refined that
+  the reader does not at first suspect that it is satire,&mdash;as in
+  Junius's <i>Letters</i>, wherein the satirical compliments to the King
+  have been mistaken for praise, and quoted in proof of inconsistency.</p>
+
+  <p>"Who was this 'W. M.'? Who were the writers in the <i>North
+  Briton?</i>&mdash;not only 'The Extraordinary' <i>North Briton</i>,
+  published by Steare, but the genuine <i>North Briton</i>, published by
+  Bingley. These questions may perhaps be very simple, and easily answered
+  by persons better informed than ourselves."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As the inquiries of your correspondent W. M. S. (Vol. iii., p. 241.)
+  as to the Wilkes MSS. and the writers of the <i>North Briton</i> have not
+  yet been replied to, and this subject is one of great importance, will
+  you allow me to recall attention to them?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. S. A.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2>
+
+  <p>"<i>Many a Word</i>."&mdash;Your correspondent's observations are
+  perfectly correct: we daily use quotations we know not where to find.
+  Perhaps some of your friends may be able to reply whence</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Many a word, at random spoke</p>
+      <p>Will rend a heart that's well-nigh broke."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author">S. P.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The lines will be found in Walter Scott's <i>Lord of the Isles</i>,
+  Canto V. St. 18.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O! many a shaft, at random sent</p>
+      <p>Finds mark the archer little meant!</p>
+      <p>And many a word, at random spoken</p>
+      <p>May soothe or wound a heart's that broken!"]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Roman Catholic Church</i> (Vol. iii., p. 168.).&mdash;Many thanks
+  for your reference to the <i>Almanach du Clergé de France</i>; but as I
+  have failed to obtain the requisite information through my booksellers,
+  might I beg the additional favour of knowing what is the cost of the
+  book, and where it can be procured?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The <i>Almanach</i> to which our correspondent refers is or was
+  published by <i>Gaume frères à Paris</i>, and sold also by Grand, rue du
+  Petit-Bourbon, 6, in the same city. Its price, judging from the size of
+  the book, is about a couple of francs.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Tick</i> (Vol. iii., p. 357.).&mdash;<span class="sc">Mr. De la
+  Pryme's</span> suggestion as to the origin of the expression "going tick"
+  is ingenious; nevertheless I take it to be clear that "tick" is merely an
+  abbreviation of ticket. (See Nares's <i>Glossary</i>, and Halliwell's
+  <i>Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words</i>, under "Ticket.") In
+  addition to the passages cited by them from Decker, Cotgrave, Stephens,
+  and Shirley, I may refer to the Act 16 Car. II. c.&nbsp;7. s.&nbsp;3., which
+  relates to gambling and betting "upon ticket or credit."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge, May 3. 1851.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In the <i>Mirrour for Magistrates</i>, p 421., we read:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Of <i>tickle credit</i> ne had bin the mischiefe."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>"Tickle credit," says Pegge, "means easy credit, alluding to the
+  credulity of Theseus."&mdash;<i>Anonymiana</i>, cent. ii. 44. Mr. Jon
+  Bee, in his <i>Sportsman's Slang Dictionary</i>, gives the following
+  definition:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Tick</i>", credit in small quantities; usually <i>scored</i> up
+  with chalk (called <i>ink</i> ironically), which being done with a sound
+  resembling 'tick, tick, tick,' gives the appellation 'going to
+  <i>tick</i>,' '<i>tick</i> it up,' 'my <i>tick</i> is out,' 'no more
+  <i>tick</i>!'"]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Hylles' Arithmetic</i>.&mdash;Having seen it mentioned in the
+  public papers that a copy of the first edition of Cocker's
+  <i>Arithmetic</i> (considered unique) was lately sold at an exceedingly
+  high price by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, I am induced to send you a
+  <!-- Page 410 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page410"></a>{410}</span>copy of the title-page of an arithmetical
+  work in my possession which seems a curiosity in its way; but whether
+  unique or not, my slender bibliographical knowledge does not enable me to
+  determine. It is as follows:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Arte of Vulgar Arithmeticke, both in Integers and Fractions,
+  <i>devided into two Bookes, whereof the first is called Nomodidactus
+  Numerorum</i>, and the second <i>Portus Proportionum</i>, with certeine
+  Demonstrations, reduced into so plaine and perfect Method, <i>as the like
+  hath not hetherto beene published in English</i>. <i>Wherevnto</i> is
+  added a third Booke, entituled <i>Musa Mercatorum</i>: comprehending all
+  the most necessarie and profitable Rules <i>vsed in the trade of
+  Merchandise</i>. In all which three Bookes, the Rules, Precepts, and
+  Maxims are <i>onely composed in meeter for the better retaining of them
+  in memorie</i>, but also the operations, examples, demonstrations, and
+  questions, <i>are in most easie wise expounded and explaned, in the
+  forme</i> of a dialogue, for the reader's more cleere vnderstanding. <i>A
+  knowledge pleasant for Gentlemen, commendable for Capteines</i> and
+  Soldiers, profitable for Merchants, and generally <i>necessarie for all
+  estates and degrees</i>. Newly collected, digested, and in some part
+  deuised by a <i>welwiller to the Mathematicals</i>."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<i>Ecclesiasticus</i>, cap. 19.</p>
+
+  <p>"Learning unto fooles is as fetters on their feete and manicles vpon
+  their right hand; but to the wise it is a Iewell of golde, and like a
+  Bracelet vpon his right arme.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<i>Boetius</i>. I. <i>Arith</i>. cap. 2.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Omnia quæcunque a primæua natura constructa sunt, Numerorum
+  videntur racione formata. Hoc enim fuit principale in animo conditoris
+  exemplar</i>. Imprinted at London by <i>Gabriel Simson</i>, dwelling in
+  Fleete Lane, 1600."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The volume (which is a small quarto of 270 folios) is dedicated "To
+  the Right Honorable sir Thomas Sackuill, Knight, Baron of Buckhurst, Lord
+  Treasurer of England," &amp;c. &amp;c., by Thomas Hylles.</p>
+
+  <p>Perhaps one or other of your correspondents will kindly inform me
+  whether this volume is a rarity, and also oblige me with some information
+  regarding Thomas Hylles, its author.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sn. Davie</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Professor De Morgan, in his "<i>Arithmetical Books from the Invention
+  of printing to the present Time</i>," describes Hylles' work "as a big
+  book, heavy with mercantile lore;" and the author as being, "in spite of
+  all his trifling, a man of learning." A list of the author's other works
+  will be found in Watt's <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, and Lowndes's
+  <i>Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature</i>, under the word
+  <i>Hills</i> (Thomas). See also Ames's <i>Typographical
+  Antiquities</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>VILLENAGE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 327.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent H. C. wishes to know whether bondage was a reality
+  in the time of Philip and Mary; and, if so, when it became extinct. It
+  was a reality much later than that, as several cases in the books will
+  show. Dyer, who was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas
+  in 1559, settled several in which man claimed property in his fellow-man,
+  hearing arguments and giving judgment on the point whether one should be
+  a "villein regardant" or a "villein in gross." Lord Campbell, in his
+  <i>Lives of the Chief Justices</i>, gives the following, tried before
+  Dyer, <i>C.J.</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A. B., seised in fee of a manor to which a villein was regardant,
+  made a feoffment of one acre of the manor by these words: 'I have given
+  one acre, &amp;c., and further I have given and granted, &amp;c., John
+  S., my villein.' Question, 'Does the villein pass to the grantee as a
+  villein in gross, or as a villein appendant to that acre?' The Court
+  being equally divided in opinion, no judgment seems to have been
+  given."&mdash;<i>Dyer</i>, 48 b. pl. 2.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Another action was brought before him under these
+  circumstances:&mdash;Butler, Lord of the Manor of Badminton, in the
+  county of Gloucester, contending that Crouch was his villein regardant,
+  entered into certain lands, which Crouch had purchased in Somersetshire,
+  and leased them to Fleyer. Crouch thereupon disseised Fleyer, who brought
+  his action against Crouch, pleading that Butler and his ancestors were
+  seised of Crouch and his ancestors as of villeins regardant, from time
+  whereof the memory of man runneth not to the contrary. The jury found
+  that Butler and his ancestors were seised of Crouch and his ancestors
+  until the first year of the reign of Henry VII.; but, confessing
+  themselves ignorant whether in point of law such seisin be an actual
+  seisin of the defendant, prayed the opinion of the Court thereon. Dyer,
+  <i>C.J.</i>, and the other judges agreed upon this to a verdict for the
+  defendant, for "the lord having let an hundred years pass without
+  redeeming the villein or his issue, cannot, after that, claim them."
+  (<i>Dyer</i>, 266. pl. 11.)</p>
+
+  <p>When Holt was chief justice of the King's Bench, an action was tried
+  before him to recover the price of a slave who had been sold in Virginia.
+  The verdict went for the plaintiff. In deciding upon a motion made in
+  arrest of judgment, Holt, <i>C.J.</i>, said,&mdash;"As soon as a negro
+  comes into England he is free: one may be a villein in England, but not a
+  slave." (<i>Cases temp. Holt</i>, 405.)</p>
+
+  <p>As to the period at which villenage in England became extinct, we find
+  in <i>Litt</i>. (sec. 185.):&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Villenage is supposed to have finally disappeared in the reign of
+  James I., but there is great difficulty in saying when it ceased to be
+  lawful, for there has been no statute to abolish it; and by the old law,
+  if any freeman acknowledged himself in a court of record to be a villein,
+  he and all his after-born issue and their descendants were villeins."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Even so late as the middle of the eighteenth century, when the great
+  Lord Mansfield adorned <!-- Page 411 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page411"></a>{411}</span>the bench, it was pleaded "that villenage,
+  or slavery, had been permitted in England by the common law; that no
+  statute had ever passed to abolish this <i>status</i>;" and that
+  "although <i>de facto</i> villenage by birth had ceased, a man might
+  still make himself a villein by acknowledgment in a court of record."
+  This was in the celebrated case of the negro Somersett, in which Lord
+  Mansfield first established that "the air of England had long been too
+  pure for a slave." In his judgment he says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"... Then what ground is there for saying that the <i>status</i> of
+  slavery is now recognised by the law of England?... At any rate,
+  villenage has ceased in England, and it cannot be revived."&mdash;<i>St.
+  Tr.</i>, vol. xx. pp. 1-82.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And Macaulay, in his admirable <i>History of England</i>, speaking of
+  the gradual and silent extinction of villenage, then, towards the close
+  of the Tudor period, fast approaching completion, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Some faint traces of the institution of villenage were detected by
+  the curious as late as the days of the Stuarts; nor has that institution
+  ever to this hour been abolished by statute."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tee Bee</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Villenage</i> (Vol. iii., p. 327.).&mdash;In reply to the question
+  put by H. C., I beg to say that in Burton's <i>Leicestershire</i>
+  (published in 1622), a copy of which is now before me, some curious
+  remarks occur on this subject. Burton says, under the head of
+  "Houghton-on-the-Hill," that the last case he could find in print,
+  concerning the claim to a villein, was in Mich. 9 &amp; 10 Eliz.
+  (<i>Dyer</i>, 266. b.), where one Butler, Lord of the Manor of Badminton
+  in Gloucestershire, did claim one Crouch for his villein regardant to his
+  said manor, and made an entry upon Crouch's lands in Somersetshire. Upon
+  an answer made by Crouch, an <i>ejectione firmæ</i> was brought in the
+  King's Bench; and upon the evidence it was moved, that as no seizure of
+  the body had been made, or claim set up by the lord, for sixty years
+  preceding, none could then be made. The Court held, in accordance with
+  this, that no seizure could be made. I do not know what the reference
+  means; perhaps some of your legal correspondents may do so.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jaytee</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MACLEAN NOT JUNIUS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 378.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> (<i>antè</i>, p.
+  378.) is not justified in writing so confidently on a subject respecting
+  which he is so little informed. He is evidently not even aware that the
+  claims of Maclean have been ably and elaborately set forth by Sir David
+  Brewster, and, as I think, conclusively, on the evidence, set aside in
+  the <i>Athenæum</i>. He has, however, been pleased to new vamp some old
+  stories, to which he gives something of novelty by telling them "with a
+  difference." I remember, indeed, four or five years since, to have seen a
+  letter on this subject, written by Mr. Pickering, the bookseller, to the
+  late Sir Harris Nicolas, in which the same statements were made,
+  supported by the same authorities,&mdash;which, in fact, corresponded so
+  exactly with the communication of <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span>, that I
+  must believe either that your correspondent has seen that letter, or that
+  both writers had their information from a common story-teller.</p>
+
+  <p>Respecting the "vellum-bound copy" locked up in the ebony cabinet in
+  possession of the late Marquis of Lansdowne, Mr. Pickering's version came
+  nearer to the authority; for he said, "<i>My informant saw</i> the bound
+  volumes and the cabinet <i>when a boy</i>." The proof then rests on the
+  recollection of an Anonymous, who speaks positively as to what took place
+  nearly half a century since; and this anonymous boy, we are to believe,
+  was already so interested about Junius as to notice the fact at the time,
+  and remember it ever after. Against the probabilities of this we might
+  urge, that the present Marquis&mdash;who was born in 1780, and came to
+  the title in 1809, is probably as old, or older than Anonymous; as much
+  interested in a question believed by many persons, <span
+  class="sc">Ægrotus</span> amongst them, intimately to concern his father,
+  and quite as precocious, for he was Chancellor of the Exchequer in
+  1805&mdash;never saw or heard of either the volumes or the cabinet; and,
+  as <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> admits, after a search expressly made
+  by his order, they could not be found. Further, allow me to remind you,
+  that it is not more than six weeks since it was recorded in "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" that a "vellum-bound" Junius was
+  lately sold at Stowe; and it is about two months since I learnt, on the
+  same authority, that a Mr. Cramp had asserted that vellum-bound copies
+  were so common, that the printer must have taken the Junius copy as a
+  pattern; so that, if <span class="sc">Ægrotus's</span> facts be admitted,
+  they would prove nothing. There is one circumstance, however, bearing on
+  this question, which perhaps <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> himself will
+  think entitled to some weight. It was not until 1812, when George
+  Woodfall published the private letters of Junius, that the public first
+  heard about "a vellum-bound" copy. If therefore the Anonymous knew before
+  1809 that some special interest did or would attach more to one
+  vellum-bound book than another, he must be Junius himself; for Sampson
+  Woodfall was dead, and when living had said nothing about it.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> then favours us with the anecdote
+  about "old Mr. Cox" the printer, and that Maclean corrected the proofs of
+  <i>Junius' Letters</i> at his printing-office. Of course, persons
+  acquainted with the subject have heard the story before, though not with
+  all the circumstantialities now given. Where, I might ask, is the
+  authority for <!-- Page 412 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page412"></a>{412}</span>this story? Who is responsible for it? But
+  the emphatic question which common sense will ask is this: Why should
+  Junius go to Mr. Cox's printing-office to correct his proofs? Where he
+  wrote the letters he might surely have corrected the proofs. Why, after
+  all his trouble, anxiety, and mystification to keep the secret, should he
+  needlessly go to anybody's printing-office to correct the proofs, and
+  thus wantonly risk the consequences?&mdash;in fact, go there and betray
+  himself, as we are expected to believe he did? The story is absurd, on
+  the face of it. But what authority has <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span>
+  for asserting that Junius corrected proofs at all? Strong presumptive
+  evidence leads me to believe that he did not: in some instances he could
+  not. In one instance he specially desired to have a proof; but it was, as
+  we now know, for the purpose of forwarding it to Lord Chatham. Junius was
+  also anxious to have proofs of the Dedication and Preface, but it is by
+  no means certain that he had them; the evidence tends to show that they
+  were, at Woodfall's request, and to remove from his own shoulders the
+  threatened responsibility, read by Wilkes: and the collected edition was
+  printed from Wheble's edition, so far as it went, and the remainder from
+  slips cut from the <i>Public Advertiser</i>, both corrected by Junius;
+  but we have no reason to believe that Junius ever saw a proof, even of
+  the collected edition,&mdash;many reasons that tend strongly to the
+  contrary opinion. Under these circumstances, we are required to believe
+  an anonymous story, which runs counter to all evidence, that we may
+  superadd an absurdity.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Pickering further referred to Mr. Raphael West, as one who "could
+  tell much on the subject." Here <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> enlarges
+  on the original, and tells us what this "much" consisted of. The story,
+  professedly told by Benjamin West, about Maclean and Junius, on which Sir
+  David Brewster founded his theory, may be found in Galt's <i>Life of
+  West</i>. But Galt himself, in his subsequent autobiography, admits that
+  the story told by West "does not relate the actual circumstances of the
+  case correctly;" that is to say, Galt had found out, in the interval,
+  that it was open to contradiction and disproof, and it has since been
+  disproved in the <i>Athenæum</i>. So much for a story discredited by the
+  narrator himself. Of these facts <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> is
+  entirely ignorant, and therefore proceeds by the following extraordinary
+  circumstantialities to uphold it. "The late President of the Royal
+  Academy knew Maclean; and his son, the late Raphael West, <i>told the
+  writer of these remarks</i> [<span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> himself]
+  that <i>when a young man</i> he had seen him [Maclean] in the evening at
+  his father's house in Newman Street, and <i>once heard him repeat a
+  passage in one of the letters which was not then published</i>;" and
+  <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span> adds, "a more correct and veracious man
+  than Mr. R. West could not be." So be it. Still it is strange that the
+  President, who was said to have told his anecdote expressly to show that
+  Maclean was Junius, never thought to confirm it by the conclusive proof
+  of having read the letters before they were published! Further,&mdash;and
+  we leave the question of extreme accuracy and <i>veraciousness</i> to be
+  settled by <span class="sc">Ægrotus</span>,&mdash;the President West was
+  born in 1738; he embarked from America for Italy in 1759; on his return
+  he visited England in 1763, and such was the patronage with which he was
+  welcomed, that his friends recommended him to take up his residence in
+  London. This he was willing to do, provided a young American lady to whom
+  he was attached would come to England. She consented; his father
+  accompanied her, and they were married on the 2nd of September, 1765, at
+  St. Martin's Church. Now Maclean embarked for India in December, 1773, or
+  January, 1774, and was lost at sea, when "the young man," Master Raphael,
+  could not have been more than seven years of age,&mdash;nay, to speak by
+  the card, as Master Raphael heard one of Junius' letters read before it
+  was published, and as the last was published in January, 1772, it
+  follows, assuming that he was the eldest child, born in nine months to
+  the hour, and that it was the very last letter that he heard read, he
+  <i>may have been</i> five years and seven months old&mdash;a very "young
+  man" indeed; or rather, all circumstances considered, as precocious a
+  youth as he who found out the vellum-bound copy years before it was known
+  to be in existence.</p>
+
+  <p>I regret to have occupied so much of your space. But speculation on
+  this subject is just now the fashion. "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>" is likely hereafter to become an authority, and if these
+  circumstantial statements are admitted into its columns, they must be as
+  circumstantially disproved.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. J.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Ten Commandments</i> (Vol. iii., p. 166.).&mdash;The
+  controversy on the division of the Ten Commandments between the Romanists
+  and Lutherans on the one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists on the
+  other, has been discussed in the following works&mdash;1. Goth
+  (Cardinalis), <i>Vera Ecclesia, &amp;c.</i>, Venet., 1750 (Art. xvi. §
+  7.); 2. Chamieri <i>Panstratia</i> (tom&nbsp;i. l.&nbsp;xxi. c.&nbsp;viii.); 3. Riveti
+  <i>Opera</i> (tom.&nbsp;i. p.&nbsp;1227., and tom. iii. <i>Apologeticus pro vera
+  Pace Ecclesiastica contra H. Grotii Votum</i>.); 4. Bohlii <i>Vera
+  divisio Decalogi ex infallibili principio accentuationis</i>; 5.
+  Hackspanii <i>Notæ Philologicæ in varia loca S. Scripturæ</i>; 6.
+  Pfeifferi <i>Opera</i> (Cent.&nbsp;i. Loc. 96.); 7. Ussher's <i>Answer to a
+  Jesuit's Challenge (of Images) and his Serm. at Westminster before the
+  House of Commons, out of Deuteronomy, chap. iv. ver</i>. 15, 16., <i>and
+  Romans, chap.&nbsp;i. ver.</i> 23.; 8. Stillingfleet's <i>Controversies with
+  Godden, Author of "Catholics no Idolaters," and</i> <!-- Page 413
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page413"></a>{413}</span><i>with
+  Gother, Author of "The Papist Misrepresented," &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+  <p>The earliest notices of the division of the Decalogue, are those of
+  Josephus, lib. iii. c.&nbsp;5. s.&nbsp;5.; Philo-Judæus <i>de Decem Oraculis</i>;
+  and the Chaldaic Paraphrase of Jonathan. According to these, the third
+  verse of Exod. xx. contains the first commandment; the fourth, fifth, and
+  sixth, the second. The same distinction was adopted by the following
+  early writers:&mdash;Origen (<i>Homil. viii. in Exod.</i>), Greg.
+  Nazienzen (<i>Carmina Mosis Decalogus</i>), Irenæus (lib. iii. c.&nbsp;42.),
+  Athanasius (<i>in Synopsi S. Scripturæ</i>), Ambrose (<i>in Ep. ad Ephes.
+  c.&nbsp;vi.</i>).</p>
+
+  <p>It was first abandoned by Augustine, who was instigated to introduce
+  this innovation by the unwarranted representation of the doctrine of the
+  Trinity by the First Tablet containing three commandments. The schoolmen
+  followed his example, and accommodated the words of God to the
+  legislative requirements of their new divinity, progressive development,
+  which terminated in the Church of Rome, in compelling them to command
+  what He strictly prohibits (See Ussher's <i>Answer</i>.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hath God himself any where declared this to be only an explication of
+  the first commandment? Have the prophets or Christ and His apostles ever
+  done it? How then can any man's conscience be safe in this matter? For it
+  is not a trifling controversy whether it be a distinct commandment or an
+  explication of the first; but the lawfulness or unlawfulness of the
+  worship of images depends very much upon it, for if it be only an
+  explication of the first, then, unless one takes images to be gods, their
+  worship is lawful, and so the heathens were excused in it, who were not
+  such idiots; but if it be a new and distinct precept, then the
+  worshipping any image or similitude becomes a grievous sin, and exposes
+  men to the wrath of God in that severe manner mentioned in the end of it.
+  And it is a great confirmation that this is the true meaning of it,
+  because all the primitive writers<a name="footnotetag20"
+  href="#footnote20"><sup>[20]</sup></a> of the Christian Church not only
+  thought it a sin against this commandment, but insisted upon the force of
+  it against those heathens who denied that they took their images for
+  gods; and, therefore, this is a very insufficient account of leaving out
+  the second commandment (that the people are in no danger of superstition
+  or idolatry by it.)."&mdash;Stillingfleet's <i>Doctrines of the Church of
+  Rome, 25. Of the Second Commandment</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"If God allow the worship of the represented by the representation, he
+  would never have forbidden that worship absolutely, which is unlawful
+  only in a certain respect."&mdash;Ibid. <i>Answer to the
+  Conclusion</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>With your permission I shall return to this subject, not of Images,
+  but of the Second Commandment, in reply to <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Gatty's</span> Queries on the division at present adopted by the Jews,
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Jones.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chetham's Library, Manchester.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote20"></a><b>Footnote 20:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag20">(return)</a>
+  <p>Thus St. Augustine himself: "In the first commandment, any similitude
+  of God in the figments of men is forbidden to be worshipped, not because
+  God hath not an image, but because no image of Him ought to be
+  worshipped, but that which is the same thing that He is, nor yet that for
+  Him but with Him."&mdash;See what is further cited from Augustine by
+  Ussher in his <i>Answer</i>.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Mounds, Munts, Mount</i> (Vol. iii., p. 187.).&mdash;If R. W. B.
+  will refer to Mr. Lower's paper on the "Iron Works of the County of
+  Sussex" in the second volume of the <i>Sussex Archælogical
+  Collections</i>, he will find that iron works were carried on in the
+  parish of Maresfield in 1724, and probably much later. It is therefore
+  probable that the lands which he mentions have derived their names from
+  the pit-mounts round the mouths of the pits through which the iron ore
+  was raised to the surface. In Staffordshire and Shropshire the term
+  <i>munt</i> is used to denote fire-clay of an inferior kind, which makes
+  a large part of every coal-pit mount in those counties. If the same kind
+  of fire-clay was found in the iron mines of Sussex, it is not necessary
+  to suggest the derivation of the word <i>munt</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>I take this opportunity of suggesting to <span class="sc">Mr. Albert
+  Way</span> that the utensil figured in page 179. of the above-mentioned
+  work is not an ancient mustard-mill, but the upper part of an iron mould
+  in which cannon-shot were cast. The iron tongs, of which a drawing is
+  given in page 179., were probably useful for the purpose of drawing along
+  a floor recently cast shot while they were too hot to be handled.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">V. X. Y.</p>
+
+  <p><i>San Graal</i> (Vol. iii., pp 224. 281.).&mdash;Roquefort's article
+  of nine columns in his <i>Glos. de la L. Rom.</i>, is decisive of the
+  word being derived from <i>Sancta Cratera;</i> of <i>Graal, Gréal</i>,
+  always having meant a vessel or dish and of all the old romancers having
+  understood the expression in the same meaning, namely, <i>Sancta Cratera,
+  le Saint Graal, the Holy Cup or Vessel</i>, because, according to the
+  legend, Christ used it at the Paschal Supper; and Joseph of Arimathea
+  afterwards employed it to catch the blood flowing from his wounds. Many
+  cities formerly claimed the honour of possessing this fabulous relic. Of
+  course, as Price shows, it was an old Oriental magic-dish legend,
+  imitated in the West.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">George Stephens</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Stockholm.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke</i> (Vol. iii., pp 262.
+  307.).&mdash;It has been asserted that the second part of this epitaph
+  was written by Lady Pembroke's son; among whose poems, which were
+  published in 1660, the whole piece was included. (Park's <i>Walpole</i>,
+  ii. 203. <i>note</i>; Gifford's <i>Ben Jonson</i>, viii. 337.) But it is
+  notorious, that no confidence whatever can be placed in that volume (see
+  this shown in detail in Mr. Hannah's edit. of Poems by Wotton and
+  Raleigh, pp. 61. 63.); nor have we any right to distribute the two parts
+  between different authors. There are at least <i>four</i> <!-- Page 414
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page414"></a>{414}</span>old copies of
+  the whole; two in MSS. which are referred to by Mr. Hannah; the one in
+  Pembroke's <i>Poems</i>; and the one in that Lansdowne MS., where it is
+  ascribed to William Browne. Brydges assigned it to Browne, when he
+  published his <i>Original Poems</i> from that MS. at the Lee Priory Press
+  in 1815, p. 5. Upon the whole, there seems to be more direct evidence for
+  Browne than any other person.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>MISCELLANEOUS.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>A History of the Articles of Religion: to which is added a Series
+  of Documents from</i> <span class="scac">A.D.</span> <i>1536 to</i> <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> <i>1615; together with Illustrations from
+  Contemporary Sources</i>, by Charles Hardwick, M.A., is the title of an
+  octavo volume, in which the author seeks to supply a want long felt,
+  especially by students for Holy Orders; namely, a work which should show
+  not the <i>doctrine</i> but the <i>history</i> of the Articles. For, as
+  he well observes, while many have enriched our literature by expositions
+  of the <i>doctrine</i> of the Articles, "no regular attempt has been made
+  to illustrate the framing of the Formulary itself, either by viewing it
+  in connection with the kindred publications of an earlier and a later
+  date, or still more in its relation to the period out of which it
+  originally grew." This attempt Mr. Hardwick has now made very
+  successfully; and it is because his book is historical and not polemical,
+  that we feel called upon to notice it, and to bear our testimony to its
+  interest, and its value to that "large class of readers who, anxious to
+  be accurately informed upon the subject, are precluded from consulting
+  the voluminous collectors, such as Strype, Le Plat, or Wilkins." Such
+  readers will find Mr. Hardwick's volume a most valuable handbook.</p>
+
+  <p>A practical illustration that "union is strength," is shown by a
+  volume which has just reached us, entitled, <i>Reports and Papers read at
+  the Meetings of the Architectural Societies of the Archdeaconry of
+  Northampton, the Counties of York and Lincoln, and of the Architectural
+  and Archæological Societies of Bedfordshire and St. Alban's during the
+  Year </i><span class="scac">MDCCCL</span>. <i>Presented gratuitously to
+  the Members.</i> Had each of these Societies, instead of joining with its
+  fellows, put forth a separate Report, the probability is, it would not
+  only have involved such Society in an expense far beyond what it would be
+  justified in incurring, but the Report itself would not have excited half
+  the interest which will now be created by a comparison of its papers with
+  those of its associate Societies; while, with the reduced expense, the
+  benefit of a larger circulation is secured. The volume is one highly
+  creditable to the Societies, and to the authors of the various
+  communications which are to be found in it.</p>
+
+  <p>Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will be engaged on
+  Monday and two following days in the Sale of a Library rich in works on
+  every branch of what is now known as Folk Lore and Popular Antiquities,
+  and which may certainly, and with great propriety, be styled "a very
+  curious collection." The mere enumeration of the various subjects on the
+  title-page of the Catalogue, ranging, as they do, from Mesmerism and
+  Magic, to Celestial Influences, Phrenology, Physiognomy, &amp;c., might
+  serve for the Table of Contents to a History of Human Weakness.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.&mdash;<i>Neander's History of
+  the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles,
+  translated from the third edition of the original German by J.&nbsp;E.
+  Ryland</i>, is the fourth volume of the Standard Library which Mr. Bohn
+  has devoted to translations of the writings of Neander; the first and
+  second being his <i>Church History</i>, in two volumes, and the third his
+  <i>Life of Christ</i>.&mdash;<i>Cosmos, a Sketch of the Physical
+  Description of the Universe by Alexander Von Humboldt, translated from
+  the German by E.&nbsp;C. Otté</i>, vol. iii., is the new volume of Bohn's
+  Scientific Library, and completes his edition of the translation of the
+  great work of the Prussian philosopher.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received</span>.&mdash;Adam Holden's (60.
+  High Street, Exeter) Catalogue Part XXXI. of Books in every Department of
+  Literature; J. Wheldon's (4. Paternoster Row) Catalogue Part III. for
+  1851, of a valuable Collection of Topographical Books; J. Rowsell's (28.
+  Great Queen Street) Catalogue No. XLIII. of a select Collection of
+  Second-hand Books.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Diana (Antoninus) Compendium Resolutionem
+  Moralium.</span> Antwerp.-Colon. 1634-57.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen.</span>
+  Folio. Basil, 1522.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cartari&mdash;La Rosa d'Oro Pontificia.</span> 4to.
+  Rome, 1681.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Broemel, M. C. H.</span>, <span
+  class="sc">Fest-Tanzen der Ersten Christen</span>. Jena, 1705.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Complaynt of Scotland</span>, edited by Leyden.
+  8vo. Edin. 1801.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Thoms' Lays and Legends of various Nations.</span>
+  Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">L'Abbé de Saint Pierre, Projet de Paix
+  Perpetuelle.</span> 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, 1713.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Chevalier Ramsay, Essai de Politique</span>, où l'on
+  traite de la Nécessité, de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des
+  différentes Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de
+  Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.</p>
+
+  <p>The Same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+  Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres,
+  1721.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Pullen's Etymological Compendium</span>, 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cooper's (C. P.) Account of Public Records</span>,
+  8vo. 1822. Vol.&nbsp;I.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lingard's History of England.</span> Sm. 8vo. 1837.
+  Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Miller's (John, of Worcester Coll.) Sermons.</span>
+  Oxford, 1831 (or about that year).</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wharton's Anglia Sacra.</span> Vol. II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Phebus</span> (Gaston, Conte de Foix), Livre du
+  deduyt de la Chasse.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Turner's Sacred History.</span> 3 vols. demy 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Knight's Pictorial History of England.</span> Vol.
+  IV. Commencing from Abdication of James II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lord Dover's Life of Frederick the Great.</span> 8vo.
+  1832. Vol. II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ladies' Diary for 1825 and 1826.</span></p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Quidam.</span> <i>Vernon's</i> Anglo-Saxon Guide
+  <i>should be followed up by Thorpe's</i> Analecta <i>and</i> Anglo-Saxon
+  Gospels.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Silenus.</span> <i>If our correspondent will refer to
+  our First Volume</i>, pp. 177. 203. 210. 340., <i>and our Second
+  Volume</i>, p. 3., <i>he will find the history of the well-known couplet
+  from the</i> Musarum Deliciæ,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"For he that fights, and runs away,</p>
+      <p>May live to fight another day,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><i>fully illustrated.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Writing Paper.</span> <i>Will our correspondent, who
+  sometime since</i> <!-- Page 415 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page415"></a>{415}</span><i>sent us a specimen manufactured at
+  Penshurst, favour us for the information of another correspondent with
+  the name of the maker?</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Record of Existing Monuments.</span> <i>We hope next
+  week to return to this important subject. In the meantime, Mr. A.&nbsp;J.
+  Dunkin, of Dartford, announces that the first part of his</i> <span
+  class="sc">Monument. Anglic.</span> <i>is in the press, and will be
+  published in July.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Replies Received.</span>&mdash;<i>Meaning of
+  Crambe&mdash;Ex Pede Herculem&mdash;Cardinal Azolin&mdash;Charles Lamb's
+  Epitaph&mdash;Poem on the Grave&mdash;Bunyan and the Visions of
+  Hell&mdash;Colfabias&mdash;Coptic Language&mdash;Benedicite&mdash;Amicus
+  Plato&mdash;Doctrine of the Resurrection&mdash;Registry of Dissenting
+  Baptisms&mdash;The Bellman&mdash;Babington's
+  Conspiracy&mdash;Epitaph&mdash;Quotations&mdash;Prayer of Mary Queen of
+  Scots&mdash;Robertii Sphæria&mdash;Ob&mdash;Blake Family&mdash;To
+  endeavour oneself&mdash;Cart before the Horse&mdash;Anonymous
+  Ravennas&mdash;Family of Sir J. Banks&mdash;Mind your P's and
+  Q's&mdash;Mazer Wood.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by
+  order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any
+  difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers,
+  &amp;c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will
+  enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>
+  <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Errata.</i>&mdash;Page 380. col. 1. lines 12. and 13. for
+  <i>"Prichard"</i> read <i>"Richards;"</i> p. 389., in the Query on the
+  "Blake Family," for "Bishop's H<i>a</i>ll" read "Bishop's H<i>u</i>ll;"
+  p. 390. col. 2. l. 29., for "<i>frag</i>ments" read "payments;" and l.
+  30., for "South <i>Green</i>" read "South Lynn;" p. 393. col. 2. l. 11.,
+  for "T<i>ur</i>ners" read "T<i>an</i>ners."</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">MECHI'S MANUFACTURES.</p>
+
+  <p>MR. MECHI respectfully informs his Patrons, the Public, that his
+  MANUFACTURES at the GREAT EXHIBITION will be found in the <span
+  class="sc">Gallery</span> at the <span class="sc">North-east
+  Corner</span> of the <span class="sc">Transept</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>4. Leadenhall Street, London, May 2, 1851.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;In order to afford room for the great accession of Stock
+  which Mechi has provided to meet the demand consequent upon the
+  anticipated influx of visitors to London during this season, he has
+  fitted up an additional Show Room of great splendour, and made other
+  improvements, to which he earnestly invites public attention.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>In 2 Vols., price 7<i>s.</i>, with Portrait and numerous
+  Illustrations,</p>
+
+  <p>CHAUCER'S CANTERBURY TALES, and other Poems; with a Life of the
+  Author; Remarks on his Language and Versification: a Glossary and Index;
+  and a concise History of English Poetry.</p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">G. Berger</span>, and all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready,</p>
+
+  <p>SIR REGINALD MOHUN. Cantos I., II., III.</p>
+
+  <p>By <span class="sc">George John Cayley</span>. Part IV. 7<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Has a vivid and prolific fancy, great humour, brilliant imagery and
+  depth of feeling. Sir Reginald Mohun, in truth, is a production finished
+  of its kind both in style and power."&mdash;<i>Daily News</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"A vehicle for presenting the writer's views of society, exactly after
+  the manner of the latter part of <i>Don
+  Juan</i>."&mdash;<i>Spectator</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"The work of a man of genius, full of fine poetry, and as amusing as a
+  novel."&mdash; <i>Gardener's and Farmer's Journal</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"A picture in verse of society as it is."&mdash;<i>Sunday
+  Times</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"We part from our author with the warmest good wishes for his journey
+  on the path to fame and honours, which we feel certain he will
+  merit."&mdash;<i>Tait's Magazine</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">William Pickering</span>, 177. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, cloth, a new and enlarged Edition of</p>
+
+  <p>SOMNOLISM and PSYCHEISM; or, the Science of the Soul, and the
+  Phenomena of Nervation, as revealed by Mesmerism, considered
+  Physiologically and Philosophically; including Notes of Mesmeric and
+  Psychical Experience. By <span class="sc">Joseph Wilcox Haddock,
+  M.D.</span> Second and enlarged Edition, illustrated by Engravings of the
+  Brain and Nervous System.</p>
+
+  <p>*** This Edition contains much new matter of considerable interest,
+  relative to Clairvoyance, together with Experiments in Chemistry in
+  connection with the Researches of Baron Von Reichenbach.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Hodson</span>, 22. Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn;
+  and all other Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Topography.&mdash;<span class="sc">J. Wheldon's</span> New Catalogue
+  of Books for Sale on English and Welsh Topography, Local History,
+  &amp;c., is just published, and may be had Gratis on Application, or will
+  be sent by Post on the receipt of a Stamp.</p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">John Wheldon</span>, 4. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>NEW WORKS.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">I.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><b>The Traveller's Library.</b></p>
+
+  <p>LONDON in 1850 and 1851. By <span class="sc">J. R.
+  M<sup>c</sup>Culloch</span>. Reprinted from the "Geographical
+  Dictionary." 16mo. One Shilling.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">II.</p>
+
+  <p>FORESTER AND BIDDULPH'S RAMBLES in NORWAY in 1848 and 1849. Map,
+  Plates and Woodcuts. 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">III.</p>
+
+  <p>MAUNDER'S SCIENTIFIC and LITERARY TREASURY; A portable Encyclopædia of
+  the Belles-Lettres. Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IV.</p>
+
+  <p>SIR HENRY THOS. DE LA BECHE'S GEOLOGICAL OBSERVER. In One large
+  Volume; with many Woodcuts. 8vo. 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">V.</p>
+
+  <p>MAUNDER'S TREASURY of NATURAL HISTORY, or Popular Dictionary of
+  Animated Nature. Woodcuts. Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE REV. C. MOODY'S EDITION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT, with complete
+  Marginal Harmony. Part II. completing the Work. 4to. 13<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VII.</p>
+
+  <p>MARIE-MADELEINE: a Tale, translated from the French, by <span
+  class="sc">Lady Mary Fox</span>. With Illustrations engraved on Wood.
+  8vo. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p>
+
+  <p>SMEE'S PROCESS OF THOUGHT ADAPTED TO WORDS AND LANGUAGE. Describing
+  the Relational and Differential Machines. 8vo. 7<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IX.</p>
+
+  <p>LOGIC FOR THE MILLION: a familiar Exposition of the Art of Reasoning.
+  By a Fellow of the Royal Society. 12mo. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">X.</p>
+
+  <p>A TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. Edited, from an Original MS., by <span
+  class="sc">David Jardine</span>, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Fcp. 8vo.
+  5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XI.</p>
+
+  <p>THE THEORY OF REASONING. By <span class="sc">Samuel Bailey</span>.
+  8vo. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XII.</p>
+
+  <p>ROWTON'S DEBATER: A Series of Debates, Outlines of Debates, and
+  Questions for Discussion. Second Edition (1851). Fcp. 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p>
+
+  <p>MAUNDER'S TREASURY of KNOWLEDGE and LIBRARY of REFERENCE: A Compendium
+  of General Knowledge. Fcp. 8vo. 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p>
+
+  <p>THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND; with Sketches of their Lives, &amp;c. By <span
+  class="sc">Edward Foss</span>, F.S.A., of the Inner Temple. Vols. III.
+  and IV. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">[<i>Early in June</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XV.</p>
+
+  <p>MAUNDER'S BIOGRAPHICAL TREASURY. New Edition, corrected and extended
+  to the Year 1851. Fcp. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XVI.</p>
+
+  <p>LIFE OF EDWARD BAINES, late M.P. for Leeds. By his <span
+  class="sc">Son</span>. With Portrait engraved in line by W. Greatbach.
+  8vo. 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XVII.</p>
+
+  <p>MOORE'S IRISH MELODIES. Illustrated with 161 Plates by <span
+  class="sc">D. Maclise</span>, R.A. Imperial 8vo. 63<i>s.</i>; morocco,
+  4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; Proofs, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XVIII.</p>
+
+  <p>THOMPSON'S SEASONS. Edited by <span class="sc">Bolton Corney</span>,
+  and illustrated by the Etching Club. Square crown 8vo., 21<i>s.</i>;
+  morocco, 36<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XIX.</p>
+
+  <p>LORD HOLLAND'S FOREIGN REMINISCENCES. Second Edition (1851); with
+  Fac-simile of Autograph of Napoleon. Post 8vo., 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">XX.</p>
+
+  <p>MAUNDER'S TREASURY OF HISTORY. Comprising a separate History of Every
+  Nation. Fcp. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i>; bound, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">Longman</span>, <span
+  class="sc">Brown</span>, <span class="sc">Green</span>, and <span
+  class="sc">Longmans</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 416 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page416"></a>{416}</span></p>
+
+<table>
+<tr><td valign="top">
+
+  <div class="figleft" style="width:80%;">
+      <a href="images/french.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/french.png"
+      alt="Gilbert French manufacturer's plate" title="Gilbert French manufacturer's plate" /></a>
+  </div>
+</td><td>
+
+<h2>GREAT EXHIBITION.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CENTRAL AVENUE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>An Illustrated Priced Catalogue of Church Furniture Contributed by</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Bolton, Lancashire,</span></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>forwarded Free by Post on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>Parcels delivered Carriage Free in London, daily.</p>
+
+</td></tr></table>
+
+<div style="clear: both"></div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">50. REGENT STREET.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.<br />
+Established 1806.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>&mdash;Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i><br />
+Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>President.</i><br />
+The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i><br />
+The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman.</i><br />
+Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman.</i></p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>Henry B. Alexander, Esq.<br />
+      George Dacre, Esq.<br />
+      William Judd, Esq.<br />
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.<br />
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird<br />
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>William Ostler, Esq.<br />
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.<br />
+      George Round, Esq.<br />
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.<br />
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.<br />
+      Capt. William John Williams.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">J. A. Beaumont, Esq. <i>Managing Director.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Physician</i>&mdash;John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of
+Bonuses.</p>
+
+
+<table class="allbctr" summary="Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses." title="Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses.">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Date<br />
+      of<br />
+      Policy.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Sum<br />
+      Insured.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center" colspan="2">
+      <p>Original Premium.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Bonuses added<br />
+      subsequently, to be<br />
+      further increased<br />
+      annually.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1806</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>£2500</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>£79 10 10</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>Extinguished</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>£1222 &nbsp; 2 &nbsp; 0</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1811</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; 1000</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>33 19 &nbsp; 2</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>Ditto</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 231 17 &nbsp; 8</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1818</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; 1000</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>34 16 10</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>Ditto</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; 114 18 10</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.</p>
+
+
+<table class="allbctr" summary="Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies." title="Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Policy<br />
+      No.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Date.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Sum<br />
+      Insured.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Bonuses<br />
+      added.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center">
+      <p>Total with Additions,<br />
+      to be further<br />
+      increased.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; 521</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1807</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>£900</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>£982 12 &nbsp; 1</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>£1882 12 &nbsp; 1</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1174</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1810</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1200</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1160 &nbsp; 5 &nbsp; 6</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; 2360 &nbsp; 5 &nbsp; 6</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>3392</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>1820</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>5000</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>3558 17 &nbsp; 8</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="vertbsing" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>&nbsp; 8558 17 &nbsp; 8</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to
+  the Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United
+  Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent
+  Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Beautifully printed in 8vo., price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or postage
+  free, 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; illustrated by Eighty splendid Pictures,
+  engraved by <span class="sc">George Measom</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>DEDICATED TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT.</p>
+
+  <p>GILBERT'S DESCRIPTION of the CRYSTAL PALACE: its Architectural History
+  and Constructive Marvels. By <span class="sc">Peter Berlyn</span> and
+  <span class="sc">Charles Fowler</span>, Jun., Esqs. The Engravings depict
+  the various peculiarities and novelties of this wonderful Building, as
+  well as the Machinery, &amp;c., used in its construction. The combined
+  ambition of the Proprietor, Authors, and Artists, has been to produce a
+  Book worthy of being purchased by every Visitor to the Exhibition as an
+  attractive and interesting memento.</p>
+
+  <p>"The authors exhibit, by means of a series of very clever engravings,
+  its gradual progress to a complete state."&mdash;<i>The Examiner</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"The book is based on public and professional documents, and fully
+  illustrated by plates. The best designs laid before the Committee, and
+  buildings previously erected for similar purposes, are also
+  given."&mdash;<i>The Spectator</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"We most warmly recommend this history of the Crystal
+  Palace."&mdash;<i>The Standard of Freedom</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"The word embodies a variety of interesting facts; the whole
+  illustrated by many excellent illustrations in order to convey an idea of
+  the auxiliaries employed to facilitate and bring to perfection this
+  glorious work."&mdash;<i>The Weekly Dispatch</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">James Gilbert</span>, 49. Paternoster Row.
+  Orders received by all Booksellers, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; by Post 3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the
+  <span class="sc">Rev. S.&nbsp;R. Maitland</span>, DD. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime
+  Librarian to the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at
+  Lambeth.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+  read."&mdash;<i>Morning Herald</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger
+  work, will well repay serious perusal."&mdash;<i>Ir. Eccl. Journ.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the
+  practices of modern Mesmerism."&mdash;<i>Nottingham Journal</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+  'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong. We
+  thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he will
+  not long delay the remaining portions."&mdash;<i>London Medical
+  Gazette</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important.
+  That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we ever
+  read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but we would
+  strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing about
+  Mesmerism, or <i>angry</i> (for it has come to this at last) with the
+  subject."&mdash;<i>Dublin Evening Post</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one
+  whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine
+  character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."&mdash;<i>Woolmer's
+  Exeter Gazette</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention of the subject for
+  many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his
+  thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have
+  been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our
+  readers to the pamphlet itself."&mdash;<i>Brit. Mag.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This day is published,</p>
+
+  <p><span title="Ê PALAIA DIATHÊKÊ kata tous EBDOMÊKONTA." class="grk"
+  >&Eta; &Pi;&Alpha;&Lambda;&Alpha;&Iota;&Alpha;
+  &Delta;&Iota;&Alpha;&Theta;&Eta;&Kappa;&Eta; &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;
+  &tau;&omicron;&upsilon;&sigmaf;
+  &Epsilon;&Beta;&Delta;&Omicron;&Mu;&Eta;&Kappa;&Omicron;&Nu;&Tau;&Alpha;.</span>
+  The Greek Septuagint Version, with the Apocrypha, including the Fourth
+  Book of Maccabees, and the real Septuagint Version of Daniel: with an
+  Historical Introduction. One Volume 8vo., 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span title="Ê KAINÊ DIATHÊKÊ." class="grk">&Eta;
+  &Kappa;&Alpha;&Iota;&Nu;&Eta;
+  &Delta;&Iota;&Alpha;&Theta;&Eta;&Kappa;&Eta;.</span> A Large-print Greek
+  New Testament, with selected various Readings and Parallel References,
+  &amp;c. &amp;c. One Volume 8vo., 12<i>s.</i> Uniform with the
+  Septuagint.</p>
+
+  <p>London: <span class="sc">Samuel Bagster</span> and Sons, 15.
+  Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Books relating to America, Voyages, Maps, Charts, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, June 4, and
+  following Day, a curious and valuable Library, including a collection of
+  interesting and rare works relating to America and its territories, their
+  history, natural history, progress, language, and literature; also
+  relating to Mexico, the East and West Indies, &amp;c.; several very
+  curious Voyages, Travels, and Itineraries, including some pieces of the
+  utmost rarity; a few curious works on the Indian Languages; and a very
+  extensive and highly valuable collection of Maps and Charts in the finest
+  condition. Catalogues will be sent on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New
+  Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in
+  the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>,
+  of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in
+  the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet Street
+  aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, May 24. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24,
+1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 82, May 24, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: March 11, 2009 [EBook #28311]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{401}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 82.]
+SATURDAY, MAY 24. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                               Page
+
+  Note upon a Passage in "Measure for Measure"            401
+
+  Rhyming Latin Version of the Song on Robin Goodfellow,
+  by S. W. Singer                                         402
+
+  Folk Lore:--Devonshire Folk Lore: 1. Storms from
+  Conjuring; 2. The Heath-hounds; 3. Cock scares the
+  Fiend; 4. Cranmere Pool--St. Uncumber and the
+  offering of Oats--"Similia similibus curantur"--Cure
+  of large Neck                                           404
+
+  Dibdin's Library Companion                              405
+
+  Minor Notes:--A Note on Dress--Curious Omen at
+  Marriage--Ventriloquist Hoax--Barker, the original
+  Panorama Painter                                        406
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Minor Queries:--Vegetable Sympathy--Court Dress--Dieu
+  et mon Droit--Cachecope Bell--The Image
+  of both Churches--Double Names--"If this fair
+  Flower," &c.--Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham--Legend
+  represented in Frettenham Church--King
+  of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace--Butchers not
+  Jurymen--Redwing's Nest--Earth thrown upon the
+  Coffin--Family of Rowe--Portus Canum--Arms of
+  Sir John Davies--William Penn--Who were the
+  Writers in the North Briton?                            407
+
+  MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--"Many a Word"--Roman
+  Catholic Church--Tick--Hylles' Arithmetic               409
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Villenage                                               410
+
+  Maclean not Junius                                      411
+
+  Replies to Minor Queries:--The Ten Commandments--
+  Mounds, Munts, Mounts--San Graal--Epitaph on
+  the Countess of Pembroke                                412
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                  414
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            414
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                               414
+
+  Advertisements                                          415
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+NOTE UPON A PASSAGE IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
+
+The Third Act of _Measure for Measure_ opens with Isabella's visit to her
+brother (Claudio) in the dungeon, where he lies under sentence of death. In
+accordance with Claudio's earnest entreaty, she has sued for mercy to
+Angelo, the sanctimonious deputy, and in the course of her allusion to the
+only terms upon which Angelo is willing to remit the sentence, she informs
+him that he "must die," and then continues:
+
+                  "This outward-sainted deputy,--
+  Whose settled visage and deliberate word
+  Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew,
+  As falcon doth the fowl,--is yet a devil;
+  His filth within being cast, he would appear
+  A pond as deep as hell."
+
+Whereupon (according to the reading of the folio of 1623) Claudio, who is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
+
+  "The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
+
+To which Isabella replies (according to the reading of the same edition):
+
+  "O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
+  The damned'st body to invest and cover
+  In _prenzie_ guards! Dost thou think, Claudio,
+  If I would yield him my virginity,
+  Thou might'st be freed?"
+
+Claudio, still incredulous, rejoins:
+
+  "O, heavens! it cannot be."
+
+The word _prenzie_ has given rise to much annotation, and it seems to be
+universally agreed that the word is a misprint. The question is, what was
+the word actually written, or intended, by Shakspeare? Steevens and Malone
+suggested "princely;" Warburton, "priestly;" and Tieck, "precise." Mr.
+Knight adopts "precise," the reading of Tieck, and thinks "that, having to
+choose some word which would have the double merit of agreeing with the
+sense of the passage and be similar in the number and form of the letters,
+nothing can be more unfortunate than the correction of "princely;" Mr.
+Collier, on the other hand, follows Steevens and Malone, and reads
+"princely," observing the Tieck's reading ("precise") "sounds ill as
+regards the metre, the accent falling on the wrong syllable. Mr. Collier's
+choice is determined by the _authority_ of the second folio, which he
+considers ought to have considerable weight, whilst Mr. Knight regards the
+authority of that edition as very trifling; and the only point of agreement
+between the two distinguished recent editors is with respect to Warburton's
+word "priestly," which they both seem to think nearly conveys the meaning
+of the poet.
+
+I have over and over again considered the several emendations which have
+been suggested, and it seems to me that none of them answer all the
+necessary conditions; namely, that the word adopted shall be (1.) suitable
+to the reputed character of Angelo; (2.) an appropriate epithet to the word
+"guards," in the reply of Isabella above quoted; (3.) of the proper metre
+in both {402} places in which the misprint occurred; and (4.) similar in
+appearance to the word "prenzie." "Princely" does not agree with the sense
+or spirit of the particular passage; for it is extremely improbable that
+Claudio, when confined under sentence of death for an absurd and
+insufficient cause, would use a term of mere compliment to the man by whom
+he had been doomed. "Precise" and "priestly" are both far better than
+"princely;" but "precise" is wholly unsuited to the metre in both places,
+and "priestly" points too much to a special character to be appropriate to
+Angelo's office and position. It may also be remarked, that both "princely"
+and "priestly" differ from the number and form of the letters contained in
+"prenzie."
+
+The word which I venture to suggest is "PENSIVE," a word particularly
+applicable to a person of saintly habits, and which is so applied by Milton
+in "Il Penseroso:"
+
+  "Come, pensive nun, devout and pure,
+  Sober, stedfast, and demure."
+
+The word "pensive" is stated by Dr. Johnson to mean "sorrowfully
+thoughtful, sorrowfully serious," or melancholy; and that such epithets are
+appropriate to the reputed character of Angelo will be seen from the
+following extracts:
+
+  "I implore her, in my service, that she make friends
+  To the strict deputy."--_Claudio_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+  "I have deliver'd to Lord Angelo,
+  A man of stricture, and firm abstinence."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+                  "Lord Angelo is precise;
+  Stands at a guard with envy; scarce confesses
+  That his blood flows, or that his appetite
+  Is more to bread than stone."--_Duke_, Act I. Sc. 4.
+
+                  "A man, whose blood
+  Is very snow-broth; one who never feels
+  The wanton stings and motions of the sense,
+  But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge
+  With profits of the mind, study and fast."--_Lucio_, Act I. Sc. 5.
+
+See also Angelo's portraiture of himself in the soliloquy at the
+commencement of Act II. Sc. 4.:
+
+                  "My gravity,
+  Wherein (let no man hear me) I take pride,
+  Could I, with boot, change for an idle plume
+  Which the air beats for vain."
+
+And, lastly, the passage immediately under consideration:
+
+                  "This outward-sainted deputy,
+  Whose settled visage and deliberate word,
+  Nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."--_Isabella_, Act III.
+      Sc. 1.
+
+Thus much as to the propriety of the word "pensive," in relation to the
+reputed character of Angelo.
+
+The next question is, whether the word "pensive" is an appropriate epithet
+to the word "guards." If Messrs. Knight and Collier are correct in
+construing "guards" to mean the "trimmings or border of robe," this
+question must be answered in the negative. But it appears to me that they
+are in error, and that the true meaning of the word "guards," in this
+particular passage, is "outward appearances," as suggested by Monck Mason;
+and, consequently, that the expression "pensive guards" means a grave or
+sanctified countenance or demeanour--"the settled visage and deliberate
+word" which "nips youth i' the head, and follies doth emmew."
+
+It requires no argument to establish that the word "pensive" is suitable to
+the metre in both places in which the misprint occurred and it is equally
+clear that "prenzie" and "pensive" in manuscript are so similar, both in
+the number, form, and character of the letters, that the one might easily
+be printed for the other. The two words also have a certain resemblance, in
+point of sound; and if the word "pensive" be not very distinctly
+pronounced, the mistake might be made by a scribe writing from dictation.
+
+Referring to Mrs. Cowden Clarke's admirable concordance of Shakspeare, it
+appears that the word "pensive" is used by Shakspeare in the _text_ of his
+plays twice; namely, in _Romeo and Juliet_, Act IV. Sc. 1., where Friar
+Laurence addresses Juliet thus:
+
+  "My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now."
+
+and again, in the Third Part of _Henry VI_., Act IV. Sc. 1., where Clarence
+is thus addressed by King Edward upon the subject of his marriage with the
+Lady Grey:
+
+  "Now, brother Clarence, how like you our choice,
+  That you stand pensive, as half mal-content?"
+
+I also find that, according to the stage directions (both ancient and
+modern) of Act II. Sc 2. of _Henry VIII_. (see Collier's _Shakspeare_, vol.
+v. p. 534., _note_), the king is described to be found "reading pensively,"
+at a moment when he is meditating his divorce from Katharine of Arragon,
+not "because the marriage of his brother's wife had crept too near his
+conscience," but "because his conscience had crept too near another lady."
+
+I might extend the argument by further observations upon the reference last
+cited, but not without risk of losing all chance of a place in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES."
+
+Query, Whether pen_s_ive was ever written or printed pen_z_ive in
+Shakspeare's time? If so, that word would bear a still closer resemblance
+to "prenzie."
+
+LEGES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RHYMING LATIN VERSION OF THE SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW.
+
+In the same MS. from which I extracted Braithwait's Latin Drinking Song,
+the following version {403} of the well-known song on Robin Goodfellow
+occurs. It is apparently by the same hand. I give the English, as it
+contains but six stanzas, and affords some variations from the copy printed
+by Percy; and indeed one stanza not given by him. Peck attributes the song
+to Ben Jonson, but we know not on what foundation. It must be confessed
+that internal evidence is against it. The publication of Percy's _Reliques_
+had a no less beneficial influence on the literature of Germany than it had
+on our own; and Voss had given an admirable version of nine stanzas of this
+song as early as the year 1793. The first stanza will afford some notion of
+his manner:
+
+    "Von Oberon in Feenland,
+    Dem Koenige der Geister,
+  Komm' ich, Knecht Robert, abgesandt,
+    Von meinem Herrn und Meister.
+      Als Kobolt und Pux,
+      Wohlkundig des Spuks,
+    Durchschwarm' ich Nacht vor Nacht.
+      Jezt misch' ich mich ein
+      Zum polternden Reihn,
+    Wohlauf, ihr alle, gelacht, gelacht!"
+
+Although the classic ear may be offended by the "barbarous adjunct of
+rhyme," and by the solecisms and false quantities which sometimes occur,
+"et alia multa damna atque outragia," others may be amused with these
+emulations of the cloistered muse of the Middle Ages. The witty author of
+_Whistlecraft_ has shown that he had a true relish for them, and has
+successfully tried his hand, observing at the same time:
+
+  "Those monks were poor proficients in divinity,
+    And scarce knew more of Latin than myself;
+  Compar'd with theirs, they say that true Latinity
+    Appears like porcelain compar'd with delf."
+
+Honest Barnaby had no intention of rivalling Horace: his humbler, but not
+less amusing, prototypes were Walter de Mapes and his cotemporaries. We may
+accept his own defence, if any is needed:
+
+  "That paltry Patcher is a bald translator,
+  Whose awl bores at the _words_ but not the matter;
+  But this TRANSLATOR makes good use of leather,
+  By stitching _rhyme_ and _reason_ both together."
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+A SONG ON ROBIN GOODFELLOW.
+
+  "From Oberon in faery-land,
+  The king of ghosts and goblins there,
+  Mad Robin I, at his command,
+  Am sent to view the night-sports here.
+  What revel rout is here about,
+  In every corner where I go;
+  I will it see, and merry be,
+  And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "As swift as lightning I do fly
+  Amidst the aery welkin soon,
+  And, in a minute's space, descry
+  What things are done below the moon.
+  There's neither hag nor spirit shall wag,
+  In any corner where I go;
+  But Robin I, their feats will spy,
+  And make good sport with ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Sometimes you find me like a man,
+  Sometimes a hawk, sometimes a hound,
+  Then to a horse me turn I can,
+  And trip and troll about you round:
+  But if you stride my back to ride,
+  As swift as air I with you go,
+  O'er hedge, o'er lands, o'er pool, o'er ponds,
+  I run out laughing ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "When lads and lasses merry be,
+  With possets and with junkets fine;
+  Unknown to all the company,
+  I eat their cake and drink their wine;
+  Then to make sport, I snore and snort,
+  And all the candles out I blow;
+  The maids I kiss; they ask who's this?
+  I answer, laughing, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "If that my fellow elf and I
+  In circle dance do trip it round,
+  And if we chance, by any eye
+  There present, to be seen or found,
+  Then if that they do speak or say,
+  But mummes continue as they go,[1]
+  Then night by night I them affright,
+  With pinches, dreams, and ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Since hag-bred Merlin's time have I
+  Continued night-sports to and fro,
+  That, for my pranks, men call me by
+  The name of Robin Goodfellow.
+  There's neither hag nor spirit doth wag,
+  The fiends and goblins do me know;
+  And beldames old my tales have told;
+  Sing Vale, Vale, ho, ho, ho!"
+
+_The Latine of the foregoing verses_.
+
+  "Ab Oberone lemurum
+  Coemetriorum regulo,
+  Spectator veni lubricum,
+  Illius jussu, Robbio;
+  Quodcunque joci, sit hic loci,
+  Quocunque vado in angulo,
+  Id speculabor, et conjocabor,
+  Sonorem boans, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Praeceps feror per aerem
+  Telo trisulco citius,
+  Et translunaria penetrem
+  Momento brevi ocyus;
+  Larvatus frater non vagatur
+  Quocunque vado in angulo,
+  Nam Robbio, huic obvio,
+  Et facta exploro, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Nunc canis nunc accipiter,
+  Et homo nunc obambulo,
+  Nunc equi forma induor
+  Et levis circumcursito;
+  {404}
+  Si quis me prendat, et ascendat,
+  Velocius aura rapio,
+  Per prata, montes, vada, fontes,
+  Risumque tollo, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Cum juvenes convivio
+  Admiscent se puellulis,
+  Ignotus vinum haurio
+  Et impleor bellariis;
+  Tunc sterto, strepo, et dum crepo,
+  Lucernam flatu adventillo,
+  Haec basiatur; hic quis? clamatur,
+  Cachinnans reddo, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Si quando cum consorte larva
+  In circulum tripudio,
+  Et observemur nos per arva
+  Acutiori oculo;
+  Et si spectator eloquatur
+  Nec os obhaeret digito,
+  Nocte terremus et torquemus
+  Ungue spectris, ho, ho, ho!
+
+  "Post incubiginam Merlinum
+  Nocturni feci ludicra,
+  Et combibonem me Robbinum
+  Vocent ob jocularia,
+  Me daemones, me lemures,
+  Me novite tenebrio,
+  Decantant me veneficae;
+  Vale! Valete! ho, ho, ho!"
+
+[Footnote 1: This line is distinctly so written. We should probably read
+_or_ instead of _but_. _Mummes_ may mean _mumbling_, muttering.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+DEVONSHIRE FOLK LORE.
+
+1. _Storms from Conjuring_.--A common Devonshire remark on the rising of a
+storm is, "Ah! there is a conjuring going on somewhere." The following
+illustration was told me by an old inhabitant of this parish. In the parish
+of St. Mary Tavy is a spot called "Steven's grave," from a suicide said to
+have been buried there. His spirit proving troublesome to the
+neighbourhood, was laid by a former curate on Sunday after afternoon
+service. A man who accompanied the clergyman on the way was told by him to
+make haste home, as a storm was coming. The man hurried away home; but
+though the afternoon had previously been very fine, he had scarcely reached
+his door before a violent thunderstorm came to verify the clergyman's
+words.
+
+2. _The Heath-hounds_.--The _brutende heer_ are sometimes heard near
+Dartmoor, and are known by the appellation of "Heath-hounds." They were
+heard in the parish of St. Mary Tavy several years ago by an old man called
+Roger Burn: he was working in the fields, when he suddenly heard the baying
+of the hounds, the shouts and horn of the huntsman, and the smacking of his
+whip. This last point the old man quoted as at once settling the question.
+"How could I be mistaken? why I heard the very smacking of his whip."
+
+3. _Cock scares the Fiend_.--Mr. N. was a Devonshire squire who had been so
+unfortunate as to sell his soul to the devil, with the condition that after
+his funeral the fiend should take possession of his skin. He had also
+persuaded a neighbour to undertake to be present on the occasion of the
+flaying. On the death of Mr. N., this man went in a state of great alarm to
+the parson of the parish, and asked his advice. By him he was told to
+fulfil his engagement, but he must be sure and carry a cock into the church
+with him. On the night after the funeral, the man proceeded to the church
+armed with the cock; and, as an additional security, took up his position
+in the parson's pew. At twelve o'clock the devil arrived, opened the grave,
+took the corpse from the coffin and flayed it. When the operation was
+concluded, he held the skin up before him, and remarked: "Well! 'twas not
+worth coming for after all, for it is all full of holes!" As he said this,
+the cock crew; whereupon the fiend, turning round to the man, exclaimed:
+"If it had not been for the bird you have got there under your arm, I would
+have your skin too." But, thanks to the cock, the man got home safe again.
+
+4. _Cranmere Pool_.--Cranmere Pool, in the centre of Dartmoor, is a great
+penal settlement for refractory spirits. Many of the former inhabitants of
+this parish are still there expiating their ghostly pranks. An old farmer
+was so troublesome to his survivors as to require seven clergymen to secure
+him. By their means, however, he was transformed into a colt; and a servant
+boy was directed to take him to Cranmere Pool. On arriving at the brink of
+the pool, he was to take off the halter, and return instantly without
+looking round. Curiosity proving too powerful, he turned his head to see
+what was going on, when he beheld the colt plunge into the lake in the form
+of a ball of fire. Before doing so, however, he gave the lad a parting
+salute in the form of a kick, which knocked out one of his eyes.
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+St. Mary Tavy, May 5. 1851.
+
+_St. Uncumber and the offering of Oats_ (Vol. ii., pp. 286. 342. 381.).--A
+further illustration of this custom is found in the legend of St.
+Rhadegund, or at least in the metrical version of it, which is commonly
+ascribed to Henry Bradshaw. A copy of this very scarce poem, from the press
+of Pynson, is preserved in the library of Jesus College, Cambridge. We
+there read as follows:
+
+  "Among all myracles after our intelligence
+    Which Radegunde shewed by her humilite,
+  One is moost vsuall had in experience
+    Among the common people noted with hert fre
+  _By offeryng of otes_ after theyr degre
+    At her holy aulters where myracles in sight
+    Dayly haue be done by grace day and nyght.
+
+  {405}
+  "_By oblacion of othes_, halt lame and blynde
+    Hath ben restored vnto prosperite;
+  Dombe men to speke aboue cours of kynde
+    Sickemen delyuered from payne and miserie,
+    Maydens hath kept theyr pure virginite,
+    Wyddowes defended from greuous oppression,
+    And clarkes exalted by her to promocion."
+
+It is also remarkable that a _reason_ exists in the story of this saint for
+the choice of so strange an offering. As she was escaping from her husband,
+a crop of _oats_ sprang up miraculously, to testify in her behalf, and to
+silence the messengers who had been sent to turn her from her purpose.
+
+On this account is there not room for the conjecture that _St. Rhadegund_
+is the original St. Uncumber, and that the custom of offering oats at
+Poules, when a wife was weary of her husband, is traceable to the story of
+the French queen, who died in 587.
+
+C. H.
+
+St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.
+
+"_Similia similibus curantur_."--The list proposed by MR. JAMES BUCKMAN
+(Vol. iii., p. 320.) of "old wives' remedies," based on the above
+principle, would, I imagine, be of endless length; but the following
+extract from the _Herbal_ of Sir John Hill, M.D., "Fellow of the Royal
+Academy of Sciences at Bordeaux," published in 1789, will show at how late
+a period such notions have been entertained by men of education and even
+scientific attainment:--
+
+    "It is to be observed that nature seems to have set her stamp upon
+    several herbs, which have the virtue to stop bleedings; this
+    [cranesbill] and the tutsan, the two best remedies the fields afford
+    for outward and inward bleedings, become all over as red as blood at a
+    certain season."
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+_Cure of large Neck_.--I send you two remedies in use here for the cure of
+a common complaint, called "large neck." Perhaps they may be worthy of a
+place in your "Folk Lore."
+
+A common snake, held by its head and tail, is slowly drawn, by some one
+standing by, nine times across the front part of the neck of the person
+affected, the reptile being allowed, after every third time, to crawl about
+for a while. Afterwards the snake is put alive into a bottle, which is
+corked tightly and then buried in the ground. The tradition is, that as the
+snake decays the swelling vanishes.
+
+The second mode of treatment is just the same as the above, with the
+exception of the snake's doom. In this case it is killed, and its skin,
+sewn in a piece of silk, is worn round the diseased neck. By degrees the
+swelling in this case also disappears.
+
+ROVERT.
+
+Withyam, Sussex.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIBDIN'S LIBRARY COMPANION.
+
+A few days since the writer was musing over the treasures of one of the
+most amiable of the bibliographical brotherhood, when his eye rested on a
+document endorsed with the following mysterious notification: "A Squib for
+Dibdin, to be let off on the next Fifth of November." What in the name of
+Guido Fawkes have we here! Thinking that the explosion in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" would do no harm, but perhaps some good, a note was kindly
+permitted to be taken of it for that publication. It was evidently written
+soon after the appearance of the _Library Companion._
+
+    "_Sundry Errors discovered in the Library Companion, recently put forth
+    by the Rev. T. F. Dibdin_, F.R.S., A.S. This work exhibits the most
+    extraordinary instance of gross negligence that has appeared since the
+    discovery of the profitable art of book-making. In two notes (pp. 37,
+    38.), comprised in twelve lines, occur _fifteen_ remarkable blunders,
+    such as any intelligent bookseller could, without much trouble, have
+    corrected for the Rev. and learned author.
+
+    "Henry's _Exposition of the Old and New Testaments_ first appeared
+    collectively in 1710[2], five[3] vols. folio; but the recent edition of
+    1810[4], in six vols. 4to., is the best[5], as the last volume
+    contains[6] additional matter from the author's MSS. left at his
+    decease.--Dr. Gill's _Exposition of the New Testament_ was published in
+    1746, &c., three vols. folio; of the Old, in 1748[7], &c., nine[8]
+    vols. folio; but the work advancing in reputation and price, became
+    rare, so as to induce Mr. Bagster[9] to put forth a new edition of the
+    whole, in ten[10] vols. 4to. I recommend the annotations of Gill to
+    every theological collector, and those who have the quarto edition will
+    probably feel disposed to purchase Gill's _Body of Practical_[11]
+    _Divinity_, containing[12] some account of his life, writings, and
+    character, in two[13] volumes 4to. 1773.[14] These two[15] volumes are
+    worth about 1l. 15s.[16]"
+
+[Footnote 2: Instead of 1710, read 1707.]
+
+[Footnote 3: This edition is in _six_ volumes.]
+
+[Footnote 4: It bears the date of 1811.]
+
+[Footnote 5: The best edition of Henry's _Commentary_ was elegantly printed
+by Knapton, in 5 vols. folio, 1761, known as the fifth edition.]
+
+[Footnote 6: This new edition is respectable, except the plates, which had
+been well worn in Bowyer's _Cabinet Bible_. The _Commentary_ is printed
+verbatim from the former editions, and has _no_ additional matter from the
+author's MSS. left at his decease; no mention of anything of the kind is
+made in the title, preface, or advertisement, until Mr. Dibdin so
+marvellously brought it to light: upon what authority he makes the
+assertion remains a mystery. A very considerable number of sets remain
+unsold in the warehouse of a certain great bookseller. _Query_. Was the
+Rev. gentleman's pen dipped in gold when he wrote this puff direct?]
+
+[Footnote 7: Not 1748, &c.: it first appeared in 1763, &c.]
+
+[Footnote 8: Nine volumes folio should be _six_ volumes folio.]
+
+[Footnote 9: It was not Mr. Bagster, but Messrs. Mathews and Leigh of the
+Strand, who put forth the new edition of Dr. Gill's _Exposition_.]
+
+[Footnote 10: It was completed in _nine_ vols. 4to.]
+
+[Footnote 11: The title is _A Body of Doctrinal Divinity_.]
+
+[Footnote 12: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ was published by _himself_, and
+has no account of his life, writings, and character.]
+
+[Footnote 13: It was in _three_ vols. 4to, not in two.]
+
+[Footnote 14: Instead of 1773, it was published in 1769-70; nor did any new
+edition appear for many years, until those recently printed in 3 vols.
+8vo., and 1 vol. 4to.]
+
+[Footnote 15: These two vols. should be _three_ vols.]
+
+[Footnote 16: Dr. Gill's _Body of Divinity_ is introduced under the head of
+"English Bibles!"]
+
+"These glaring errors are made with regard to {406} modern books, and may
+seriously mislead the bibliomaniacs of the next generation; but what can be
+expected from an author who, in giving directions for the selection of
+Hebrew Bibles, forgets the beautiful and correct editions of VANDERHOOGHT
+and JABLONSKI; who tells us that Frey republished Jahn's[17] edition of the
+Hebrew Bible in 1812; and who calls Boothroyd's incorrect and ugly
+double-columned 4to. '_admirable_.'[18]
+
+"The Rev. gentleman fully proves, in the compilation of his volume, that he
+can dip his pen in gall, as well as allow it to be guided by gold. Dr.
+Warton's _History of English Poetry_, a very beautiful and correct edition,
+greatly enlarged from most interesting materials at a very considerable
+expense, has just issued from the press in 3 vols. 8vo. But 'Can any good
+thing come out of Nazareth?' It was not published by any of the favoured
+houses; hence the following ominous notice of it: 'Clouds and darkness rest
+upon it!'[19] Gentle reader, they are the clouds and darkness of
+_Cheapside._ It may be possible that some propitious golden breeze had
+driven all the clouds and darkness from Cornhill, Paternoster Row, the
+Strand, Pall-Mall, and Bedford Street."
+
+J. Y.
+
+Hoxton.
+
+[Footnote 17: Frey republished Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible in 1811.]
+
+[Footnote 18: Note on page 24.]
+
+[Footnote 19: Note on page 667.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_A Note on Dress._--Dress is mutable, who denies it? but still old fashions
+are retained to a far greater extent than one would at first imagine. The
+Thames watermen rejoice in the dress of Elizabeth: while the royal
+beefeaters (buffetiers) wear that of private soldiers of the time of Henry
+VII.; the blue-coat boy, the costume of a London citizen of the reign of
+Edward VI.; the London charity-school girls, the plain mob cap and long
+gloves of the time of Queen Anne. In the brass badge of the cabmen, we see
+a retention of the dress of Elizabethan retainers: while the shoulder-knots
+that once decked an officer now adorn a footman. The attire of the sailor
+of William III.'s era is now seen amongst our fishermen. The university
+dress is as old as the age of the Smithfield martyrs. The linen bands of
+the pulpit and the bar are abridgments of the falling collar.
+
+Other costumes are found lurking in provinces, and amongst some trades. The
+butchers' blue is the uniform of a guild. The quaint little head-dress of
+the market women of Kingswood, Gloucestershire, is in fact the gipsy hat of
+George II. Scarlet has been the colour of soldiers' uniform from the time
+of the Lacedemonians. The blue of the army we derived from the Puritans; of
+the navy from the colours of a mistress of George I.
+
+TORRO.
+
+_Curious Omen at Marriage_.--In Miss Benger's _Memoirs of Elizabeth, Queen
+of Bohemia_, it is mentioned that,--
+
+    "It is by several writers observed that, towards the close of the
+    ceremony, _certain coruscations of joy_ appeared in Elizabeth's face,
+    which were afterwards supposed to be sinister presages of her
+    misfortunes."
+
+In a note, Echard is alluded to as the authority for this singular
+circumstance.
+
+Can any of your readers explain _why_ such a _coruscation of joy_ upon a
+wedding day should forebode evil? or whether any other instances are on
+record of its so doing?
+
+H. A. B.
+
+_Ventriloquist Hoax_ (Vol. ii., p. 101.).--The following is extracted from
+_Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England, Scotland, and
+Ireland, by R. B., Author of the History of the Wars of England, &c._,
+Remarks of London, &c., 12mo., 1684, p. 137. It may serve as a pendant to
+the ventriloquist hoax mentioned by C. H., Vol. ii., p. 101.:--
+
+    "I have a letter by me, saith Mr. Clark, dated July 7, 1606, written by
+    one Mr. Bovy to a minister in London, where he thus writes: 'Touching
+    news, you shall understand that Mr. Sherwood hath received a letter
+    from Mr. Arthur Hildersham, which containeth this following narrative:
+    that at Brampton, in the parish of Torksey, near Gainsborough in
+    Lincolnshire, an ash-tree shaketh both in the body and boughs thereof,
+    and there proceed from thence sighs and groans, like those of a man
+    troubled in his sleep, as if it felt some sensible torment. Many have
+    climbed to the top thereof, where they heard the groans more plainly
+    than they could below. One among the rest being a-top, spoke to the
+    tree; but presently came down much astonished, and lay grovelling on
+    the earth speechless for three hours, and then reviving said,
+    _Brampton, Brampton,_ thou art much bound to pray.' The author of this
+    news is one Mr. Vaughan, a minister who was there present and heard and
+    saw these passages, and told Mr. Hildersham of it. The Earl of Lincoln
+    caused one of the arms of the ash to be lopped off, and a hole to be
+    bored into the body, and then was the sound or hollow voice heard more
+    audibly than before; but in a kind of speech which they could not
+    comprehend nor understand."
+
+K. P. D. E.
+
+_Barker, the original Panorama Painter._--Mr. Cunningham, at p. 376. of his
+admirable _Handbook of London,_ says that Robert Barker, who originated the
+Panorama in Leicester Square, died in 1806. Now, Barker, who preceded
+Burford, and eventually, I think, entered into partnership with him,
+married a friend of my family, a daughter of the Admiral Bligh against whom
+had been the mutiny in the _Bounty_. I remember Mr. Barker, and his house
+in Surrey Square, or some small square on the Surrey side of London Bridge;
+also its wooden rotunda for painting in; and this, too, at the time when
+the picture of Spitzbergen was in progress {407} and you felt almost a
+chill as the transparent icebergs were splashed on.
+
+If there have not been two Messrs. Barker connected with the Panorama, Mr.
+Cunningham must be incorrect in his date, for I was not in existence in
+1806.
+
+A. G.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MINOR QUERIES.
+
+_Vegetable Sympathy._--I have been told that Sir Humphrey Davy asserted
+that the shoots of trees, if transplanted, will only live as long as the
+parent stock--supposing that to die naturally. How is this to be accounted
+for, if true?
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_Court Dress_--When was the present court dress first established as the
+recognised costume for state ceremonials? and if there are extant any
+orders of the Earl Marshal upon the subject, where are they printed?
+
+HENCO.
+
+_Dieu et mon Droit._--When was this first adopted as the motto of our
+sovereigns? I have heard widely different dates assigned to it.
+
+LEICESTRENSIS.
+
+_Cachecope Bell._--In the ancient accounts of the churchwardens of the
+parish of St. Mary-de-Castro, Leicester, and also in those of St. Martin in
+the same town, the term "cachecope," "kachecope," "catche coppe," or
+"catch-corpe-bell," is not of unfrequent occurrence: _e. g._, in the
+account for St. Mary's for the year 1490, we have:
+
+    "For castynge ye cachecope bell, js.
+
+    "It. To Thos. Raban for me'dyng ye kachecope bell whole, iiijd."
+
+I have endeavoured in vain to ascertain the meaning and derivation of the
+word, which is not to be found in Mr. Halliwell's excellent _Dictionary of
+Archaic Words_. Can you enlighten me on the subject?
+
+LEICESTRENSIS.
+
+_The Image of both Churches._--A curious work, treating largely of the
+schism between the Catholics and Protestants in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth, was printed at Tornay in 1623, under the following title: _The
+Image of bothe Churches, Hierusalem and Babel, Unitie and Confusion,
+Obedience and Sedition, by P. D. M._ What is the proof that this was
+written by Dr. Matthew Paterson?
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Double Names._--Perhaps some one would explain why so many persons
+formerly bore two names, as "Hooker _alias_ Vowel." Illegitimacy may have
+sometimes caused it: but this will not explain those cases where the
+bearers ostentatiously set forth both names. Perhaps they were the names of
+both parents, used even by lawfully born persons to distinguish themselves
+from others of the same paternal name.
+
+T.
+
+"_If this fair flower_," &c.--Would you kindly find a place for the lines
+which follow? I have but slender hopes of discovering their author, but
+think that their beauty is such as to deserve a reprint. They are not by
+Waller; nor Dryden, as far as I know. I found them in a periodical
+published in Scotland during the last century, and called _The Bee_.
+
+    "Lines supposed to have been addressed, with the present of a white
+    rose, by a Yorkist, to a lady of the Lancastrian faction.
+
+      'If this fair flower offend thy sight,
+        It in thy bosom bear:
+      'Twill blush to be outmatched in white
+        And turn Lancastrian there!'"
+
+I observe that amongst the many "Notes" and quotations on the subject of
+the supposed power of prophecy before death, no one has cited those most
+beautiful lines of Campbell in "Lochiel's Warning:"
+
+  "'Tis the _sunset_ of life gives me mystical lore,
+  And coming events cast their shadows before."
+
+W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Hugh Peachell--Sir John Marsham._--Can any of your correspondents give me
+information respecting one Hugh Peachell, of whom I find the following
+curious notice in a bundle of MSS. in the State Paper Office, marked
+"_America and West Indies, No._ 481A."
+
+    "St. Michael's Toune in ye Barbados, Sept. 30. [1670]. Jo Neuington,
+    Addrese w. Mr. James Drawater, Merch^t at Mr. Jo. Lindapp's, at ye
+    Bunch of Grapes in Ship yard by Temple barre.--All ye news I can write
+    from here is, y^t one Hugh Peachell, who hath been in this Island
+    allmost twenty years and lived w^{th} many persons of good esteem, and
+    was last with Coll. Barwick. It was observed that he gained much
+    monyes, yet none thrived lesse than hee; and falling sicke about 3
+    weeks since, was much troubled in his conscience, but would not utter
+    himself to any but a minister, who being sent for He did acknowledge
+    himself ye person y^t cut of ye head of King Charles, for w^{ch} he had
+    100^{lbs} and w^{th} much seeming penitence and receiving such comforts
+    as the Devine, one parson Leshely, an emminent man here, could afford
+    him, he dyed in a quarter of an hour afterwards. This you may report
+    for truth, allthough you should not have it from any other hand. He had
+    100^{lbs} for ye doing of itt. There is one Wm. Hewit condemned for ye
+    same, I think now in Newgate; he will be glad you acquaint him of this
+    if he have it not allready."
+
+Oldmixon, in his _British Empire in America_, mentions a Sir John Marsham
+of Barbados; was he a knight or baronet, and when did he die?
+
+W. DOWNING BRUCE, F.S.A.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+_Legend represented in Frettenham Church._--Perhaps some one of your
+numerous readers may {408} be able to give an explanation of the following
+legend, for such I suppose it to be:--
+
+In the parish church of Frettenham, co. Norfolk, several alabaster carvings
+were discovered some years ago, near the chancel arch, having traces of
+colour. The most perfect, and the one which had most claims to merit as a
+piece of sculpture, represented a very curious scene. A horse was standing
+fixed in a kind of stocks, a machine for holding animals fast while they
+were being shod. But it (the horse) had only three legs: close by stood a
+Bishop, or mitred Abbot, holding the horse's missing fore quarter, on the
+hoof of which a smith was nailing a shoe. Of course the power which had so
+easily removed a leg would as easily replace it.
+
+The details of the story may be very safely conjectured to have been--a
+Bishop or high church dignitary is going on a journey or pilgrimage; his
+horse drops a shoe; on being taken to a smith's to have it replaced, the
+animal becomes restive, and cannot be shod even with the help of the
+stocks; whereupon the bishop facilitates the operation in the manner before
+described. One feels tempted to ask why he could not have replaced the shoe
+without the smith's intervention.
+
+What I want to know is, of whom is this story told? I regret that not
+having seen the carving in question, I can give no particulars of dress,
+&c., which might help to determine its age; nor could my informant, though
+he perfectly well remembered the subject represented. He told me that he
+had often mentioned it to people likely to know of the existence of such a
+legend, but could never gain any information respecting it.
+
+C. J. E.
+
+King's Col. Cambridge, May 9. 1851.
+
+_King of Nineveh burns himself in his Palace_.--In a review of Mr. Layard's
+work on Nineveh (_Quarterly_, vol. lxxxiv. p. 140.) I find the following
+statement:
+
+    "The act of Sardanapalus in making his palace his own funeral pyre and
+    burning himself upon it, is also attributed to the king who was
+    overthrown by Cyaxares."
+
+May I ask where the authority for this statement is to be found?
+
+X. Z.
+
+_Butchers not Jurymen_.--
+
+  "As the law does think it fit
+  No butchers shall on juries sit."--Butler's _Ghost_, cant. ii.
+
+The vulgar error expressed in these lines is not extinct, even at the
+present day. The only explanation I have seen of its origin is given in
+Barrington's _Observations on the more Ancient Statutes_, p. 474., on 3
+Hen. VIII., where, after referring in the text to a statute by which
+surgeons were exempted from attendance on juries, he adds in a note:
+
+    "It may perhaps be thought singular to suppose that this exemption from
+    serving on juries is the foundation of the vulgar error, that a surgeon
+    or butcher from the barbarity of their business may be challenged as
+    jurors."
+
+Sir H. Spelman, in his _Answer to an Apology for Archbishop Abbott_,
+says,--
+
+    "In our law, those that were exercised in slaughter of beasts, were not
+    received to be triers of the life of a man."--_Posth. Works_, p. 112.;
+    _St. Trials_, vol. ii. p. 1171.
+
+So learned a man as Spelman must, I think, have had some ground for this
+statement, and could scarcely be repeating a vulgar error taking its rise
+from a statute then hardly more than a hundred years old. I hope some of
+your readers will be able to give a more satisfactory explanation than
+Barrington's.
+
+E. S. T. T.
+
+_Redwing's Nest_.--I trust you will excuse my asking, if any of your
+correspondents have found the nest of the redwing? for I lately discovered
+what I consider as the egg of this bird in a nest containing four
+blackbirds' eggs. The egg answers exactly the description given of that of
+the redwing thrush, both in Bewick and Wood's _British Song Birds;_ being
+bluish-green, with a few largish spots of a dark brown colour. The nest was
+not lined with mud, as is usually the case with a blackbird's, but with
+moss and dried grass.
+
+Has the egg of the redwing been ever seen in this situation before?
+
+C. T. A.
+
+Lyndon.
+
+_Earth thrown upon the Coffin_.--Is there anything known respecting the
+origin of the ceremony of throwing earth upon the coffin at funerals? The
+following note is from a little German tale, _Die Richtensteiner_, by Van
+der Velde, a tale of the time of the Thirty Years' war. Whether the
+ceremony is still performed in Germany as there described, I do not know.
+
+    "Darauf warfen, nach der alten, frommen Sitte, zum letzten Lebewohl,
+    der Wittwer, und die Waisen drei Haende voll Erde auf den Sarg hinunter
+    ... Alle Zuschauer drangten sich nur um das Grab ... und aus hundert
+    Haenden flog die Erde hinab auf den Sarg."
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+_Family of Rowe_.--Lysons, in his work _Environs of London_, gives an
+extract from the will of Sir Thomas Rowe, of Hackney, and, as his
+authority, says in a note:--
+
+    "_Extracts of Wills in the Prerogative Office_, by E. Rowe Mores, Esq.,
+    in the possession of Th. Astle, Esq., F.R.A.S."
+
+Can any of your numerous readers inform me in whose possession the above
+now is? And whether, wherever it is, it is open to inspection?
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+_Portus Canum_.--Erim, one of the biographers of Becket, states that the
+archbishop's murderers {409} (_S. Thom. Cantuar_., ed. Giles, vol. i. p.
+65.), having crossed from France, landed at _Portus Canum_. It has been
+conjectured that this means Hythe, which is close to Saltwood Castle, where
+the knights were received by Ranulph de Broc (_English Review_, December,
+1846, p. 410.). Is the conjecture right? I believe Hasted does not notice
+the name.
+
+J. C. R.
+
+_Arms of Sir John Davies_.--Can any of your correspondents inform me what
+were the arms, crest, and motto (if any), borne by Sir John Davies, the
+eminent lawyer and poet? In a collection which I have made of the armorial
+bearings of the families of Davies, Davis, and Davys, amounting to more
+than fifty distinct coats, there occur the arms of _three_ Sir John Davies
+or Davys, but there is nothing to distinguish which of them was _the_ Sir
+John.
+
+LLAW GYFFES.
+
+_William Penn_.--Will MR. HEPWORTH DIXON, or some of your correspondents,
+be so good as to send a reply to this Query?
+
+What was the name, and whose daughter was the lady to whom William Penn
+(the son of William Penn and Miss Springett) was married?
+
+A. N. C.
+
+_Who were the Writers in the North Briton?_--The _Athenaeum_ of Saturday,
+May 17, contains a very interesting article on the recently published
+_Correspondence of Horace Walpole with Mason_, in which certain very
+palpable hits are made as to the identity of Mason and Junius. In the
+course of the article the following Query occurs:
+
+    "In the second Part of the folio edition of the _North Briton_
+    published by Bingley, in the British Museum, are inserted two folio
+    pages of manuscript thus headed:--
+
+    'The Extraordinary
+    NORTH BRITON.
+    By W. M.'
+
+    This manuscript is professedly a copy from a publication issued June
+    3rd, 1768, by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet Street, price three-pence. It
+    is a letter addressed to Lord Mansfield, and an appeal in favour of
+    Wilkes, on whom, the writer says, judgment is this day to be
+    pronounced. It is written somewhat in the style of Junius. The satire
+    is so refined that the reader does not at first suspect that it is
+    satire,--as in Junius's _Letters_, wherein the satirical compliments to
+    the King have been mistaken for praise, and quoted in proof of
+    inconsistency.
+
+    "Who was this 'W. M.'? Who were the writers in the _North Briton?_--not
+    only 'The Extraordinary' _North Briton_, published by Steare, but the
+    genuine _North Briton_, published by Bingley. These questions may
+    perhaps be very simple, and easily answered by persons better informed
+    than ourselves."
+
+As the inquiries of your correspondent W. M. S. (Vol. iii., p. 241.) as to
+the Wilkes MSS. and the writers of the _North Briton_ have not yet been
+replied to, and this subject is one of great importance, will you allow me
+to recall attention to them?
+
+F. S. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+"_Many a Word_."--Your correspondent's observations are perfectly correct:
+we daily use quotations we know not where to find. Perhaps some of your
+friends may be able to reply whence
+
+  "Many a word, at random spoke
+  Will rend a heart that's well-nigh broke."
+
+S. P.
+
+    [The lines will be found in Walter Scott's _Lord of the Isles_, Canto
+    V. St. 18.
+
+      "O! many a shaft, at random sent
+      Finds mark the archer little meant!
+      And many a word, at random spoken
+      May soothe or wound a heart's that broken!"]
+
+_Roman Catholic Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--Many thanks for your
+reference to the _Almanach du Clerge de France_; but as I have failed to
+obtain the requisite information through my booksellers, might I beg the
+additional favour of knowing what is the cost of the book, and where it can
+be procured?
+
+E. H. A.
+
+    [The _Almanach_ to which our correspondent refers is or was published
+    by _Gaume freres a Paris_, and sold also by Grand, rue du
+    Petit-Bourbon, 6, in the same city. Its price, judging from the size of
+    the book, is about a couple of francs.]
+
+_Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--MR. DE LA PRYME'S suggestion as to the origin
+of the expression "going tick" is ingenious; nevertheless I take it to be
+clear that "tick" is merely an abbreviation of ticket. (See Nares's
+_Glossary_, and Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_,
+under "Ticket.") In addition to the passages cited by them from Decker,
+Cotgrave, Stephens, and Shirley, I may refer to the Act 16 Car. II. c. 7.
+s. 3., which relates to gambling and betting "upon ticket or credit."
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge, May 3. 1851.
+
+    [In the _Mirrour for Magistrates_, p 421., we read:--
+
+      "Of _tickle credit_ ne had bin the mischiefe."
+
+    "Tickle credit," says Pegge, "means easy credit, alluding to the
+    credulity of Theseus."--_Anonymiana_, cent. ii. 44. Mr. Jon Bee, in his
+    _Sportsman's Slang Dictionary_, gives the following definition:--
+
+    "_Tick_", credit in small quantities; usually _scored_ up with chalk
+    (called _ink_ ironically), which being done with a sound resembling
+    'tick, tick, tick,' gives the appellation 'going to _tick_,' '_tick_ it
+    up,' 'my _tick_ is out,' 'no more _tick_!'"]
+
+_Hylles' Arithmetic_.--Having seen it mentioned in the public papers that a
+copy of the first edition of Cocker's _Arithmetic_ (considered unique) was
+lately sold at an exceedingly high price by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson, I
+am induced to send you a {410} copy of the title-page of an arithmetical
+work in my possession which seems a curiosity in its way; but whether
+unique or not, my slender bibliographical knowledge does not enable me to
+determine. It is as follows:
+
+    "The Arte of Vulgar Arithmeticke, both in Integers and Fractions,
+    _devided into two Bookes, whereof the first is called Nomodidactus
+    Numerorum_, and the second _Portus Proportionum_, with certeine
+    Demonstrations, reduced into so plaine and perfect Method, _as the like
+    hath not hetherto beene published in English_. _Wherevnto_ is added a
+    third Booke, entituled _Musa Mercatorum_: comprehending all the most
+    necessarie and profitable Rules _vsed in the trade of Merchandise_. In
+    all which three Bookes, the Rules, Precepts, and Maxims are _onely
+    composed in meeter for the better retaining of them in memorie_, but
+    also the operations, examples, demonstrations, and questions, _are in
+    most easie wise expounded and explaned, in the forme_ of a dialogue,
+    for the reader's more cleere vnderstanding. _A knowledge pleasant for
+    Gentlemen, commendable for Capteines_ and Soldiers, profitable for
+    Merchants, and generally _necessarie for all estates and degrees_.
+    Newly collected, digested, and in some part deuised by a _welwiller to
+    the Mathematicals_."
+
+    "_Ecclesiasticus_, cap. 19.
+
+    "Learning unto fooles is as fetters on their feete and manicles vpon
+    their right hand; but to the wise it is a Iewell of golde, and like a
+    Bracelet vpon his right arme.
+
+    "_Boetius_. I. _Arith_. cap. 2.
+
+    "_Omnia quaecunque a primaeua natura constructa sunt, Numerorum
+    videntur racione formata. Hoc enim fuit principale in animo conditoris
+    exemplar_. Imprinted at London by _Gabriel Simson_, dwelling in Fleete
+    Lane, 1600."
+
+The volume (which is a small quarto of 270 folios) is dedicated "To the
+Right Honorable sir Thomas Sackuill, Knight, Baron of Buckhurst, Lord
+Treasurer of England," &c. &c., by Thomas Hylles.
+
+Perhaps one or other of your correspondents will kindly inform me whether
+this volume is a rarity, and also oblige me with some information regarding
+Thomas Hylles, its author.
+
+SN. DAVIE, Jun.
+
+    [Professor De Morgan, in his "_Arithmetical Books from the Invention of
+    printing to the present Time_," describes Hylles' work "as a big book,
+    heavy with mercantile lore;" and the author as being, "in spite of all
+    his trifling, a man of learning." A list of the author's other works
+    will be found in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, and Lowndes's
+    _Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature_, under the word _Hills_
+    (Thomas). See also Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+VILLENAGE.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 327.)
+
+Your correspondent H. C. wishes to know whether bondage was a reality in
+the time of Philip and Mary; and, if so, when it became extinct. It was a
+reality much later than that, as several cases in the books will show.
+Dyer, who was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1559,
+settled several in which man claimed property in his fellow-man, hearing
+arguments and giving judgment on the point whether one should be a "villein
+regardant" or a "villein in gross." Lord Campbell, in his _Lives of the
+Chief Justices_, gives the following, tried before Dyer, _C.J._:
+
+    "A. B., seised in fee of a manor to which a villein was regardant, made
+    a feoffment of one acre of the manor by these words: 'I have given one
+    acre, &c., and further I have given and granted, &c., John S., my
+    villein.' Question, 'Does the villein pass to the grantee as a villein
+    in gross, or as a villein appendant to that acre?' The Court being
+    equally divided in opinion, no judgment seems to have been
+    given."--_Dyer_, 48 b. pl. 2.
+
+Another action was brought before him under these circumstances:--Butler,
+Lord of the Manor of Badminton, in the county of Gloucester, contending
+that Crouch was his villein regardant, entered into certain lands, which
+Crouch had purchased in Somersetshire, and leased them to Fleyer. Crouch
+thereupon disseised Fleyer, who brought his action against Crouch, pleading
+that Butler and his ancestors were seised of Crouch and his ancestors as of
+villeins regardant, from time whereof the memory of man runneth not to the
+contrary. The jury found that Butler and his ancestors were seised of
+Crouch and his ancestors until the first year of the reign of Henry VII.;
+but, confessing themselves ignorant whether in point of law such seisin be
+an actual seisin of the defendant, prayed the opinion of the Court thereon.
+Dyer, _C.J._, and the other judges agreed upon this to a verdict for the
+defendant, for "the lord having let an hundred years pass without redeeming
+the villein or his issue, cannot, after that, claim them." (_Dyer_, 266.
+pl. 11.)
+
+When Holt was chief justice of the King's Bench, an action was tried before
+him to recover the price of a slave who had been sold in Virginia. The
+verdict went for the plaintiff. In deciding upon a motion made in arrest of
+judgment, Holt, _C.J._, said,--"As soon as a negro comes into England he is
+free: one may be a villein in England, but not a slave." (_Cases temp.
+Holt_, 405.)
+
+As to the period at which villenage in England became extinct, we find in
+_Litt_. (sec. 185.):--
+
+    "Villenage is supposed to have finally disappeared in the reign of
+    James I., but there is great difficulty in saying when it ceased to be
+    lawful, for there has been no statute to abolish it; and by the old
+    law, if any freeman acknowledged himself in a court of record to be a
+    villein, he and all his after-born issue and their descendants were
+    villeins."
+
+Even so late as the middle of the eighteenth century, when the great Lord
+Mansfield adorned {411} the bench, it was pleaded "that villenage, or
+slavery, had been permitted in England by the common law; that no statute
+had ever passed to abolish this _status_;" and that "although _de facto_
+villenage by birth had ceased, a man might still make himself a villein by
+acknowledgment in a court of record." This was in the celebrated case of
+the negro Somersett, in which Lord Mansfield first established that "the
+air of England had long been too pure for a slave." In his judgment he
+says,--
+
+    "... Then what ground is there for saying that the _status_ of slavery
+    is now recognised by the law of England?... At any rate, villenage has
+    ceased in England, and it cannot be revived."--_St. Tr._, vol. xx. pp.
+    1-82.
+
+And Macaulay, in his admirable _History of England_, speaking of the
+gradual and silent extinction of villenage, then, towards the close of the
+Tudor period, fast approaching completion, says:
+
+    "Some faint traces of the institution of villenage were detected by the
+    curious as late as the days of the Stuarts; nor has that institution
+    ever to this hour been abolished by statute."
+
+TEE BEE.
+
+_Villenage_ (Vol. iii., p. 327.).--In reply to the question put by H. C., I
+beg to say that in Burton's _Leicestershire_ (published in 1622), a copy of
+which is now before me, some curious remarks occur on this subject. Burton
+says, under the head of "Houghton-on-the-Hill," that the last case he could
+find in print, concerning the claim to a villein, was in Mich. 9 & 10 Eliz.
+(_Dyer_, 266. b.), where one Butler, Lord of the Manor of Badminton in
+Gloucestershire, did claim one Crouch for his villein regardant to his said
+manor, and made an entry upon Crouch's lands in Somersetshire. Upon an
+answer made by Crouch, an _ejectione firmae_ was brought in the King's
+Bench; and upon the evidence it was moved, that as no seizure of the body
+had been made, or claim set up by the lord, for sixty years preceding, none
+could then be made. The Court held, in accordance with this, that no
+seizure could be made. I do not know what the reference means; perhaps some
+of your legal correspondents may do so.
+
+JAYTEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MACLEAN NOT JUNIUS.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 378.)
+
+Your correspondent AEGROTUS (_ante_, p. 378.) is not justified in writing
+so confidently on a subject respecting which he is so little informed. He
+is evidently not even aware that the claims of Maclean have been ably and
+elaborately set forth by Sir David Brewster, and, as I think, conclusively,
+on the evidence, set aside in the _Athenaeum_. He has, however, been
+pleased to new vamp some old stories, to which he gives something of
+novelty by telling them "with a difference." I remember, indeed, four or
+five years since, to have seen a letter on this subject, written by Mr.
+Pickering, the bookseller, to the late Sir Harris Nicolas, in which the
+same statements were made, supported by the same authorities,--which, in
+fact, corresponded so exactly with the communication of AEGROTUS, that I
+must believe either that your correspondent has seen that letter, or that
+both writers had their information from a common story-teller.
+
+Respecting the "vellum-bound copy" locked up in the ebony cabinet in
+possession of the late Marquis of Lansdowne, Mr. Pickering's version came
+nearer to the authority; for he said, "_My informant saw_ the bound volumes
+and the cabinet _when a boy_." The proof then rests on the recollection of
+an Anonymous, who speaks positively as to what took place nearly half a
+century since; and this anonymous boy, we are to believe, was already so
+interested about Junius as to notice the fact at the time, and remember it
+ever after. Against the probabilities of this we might urge, that the
+present Marquis--who was born in 1780, and came to the title in 1809, is
+probably as old, or older than Anonymous; as much interested in a question
+believed by many persons, AEGROTUS amongst them, intimately to concern his
+father, and quite as precocious, for he was Chancellor of the Exchequer in
+1805--never saw or heard of either the volumes or the cabinet; and, as
+AEGROTUS admits, after a search expressly made by his order, they could not
+be found. Further, allow me to remind you, that it is not more than six
+weeks since it was recorded in "NOTES AND QUERIES" that a "vellum-bound"
+Junius was lately sold at Stowe; and it is about two months since I learnt,
+on the same authority, that a Mr. Cramp had asserted that vellum-bound
+copies were so common, that the printer must have taken the Junius copy as
+a pattern; so that, if AEGROTUS'S facts be admitted, they would prove
+nothing. There is one circumstance, however, bearing on this question,
+which perhaps AEGROTUS himself will think entitled to some weight. It was
+not until 1812, when George Woodfall published the private letters of
+Junius, that the public first heard about "a vellum-bound" copy. If
+therefore the Anonymous knew before 1809 that some special interest did or
+would attach more to one vellum-bound book than another, he must be Junius
+himself; for Sampson Woodfall was dead, and when living had said nothing
+about it.
+
+AEGROTUS then favours us with the anecdote about "old Mr. Cox" the printer,
+and that Maclean corrected the proofs of _Junius' Letters_ at his
+printing-office. Of course, persons acquainted with the subject have heard
+the story before, though not with all the circumstantialities now given.
+Where, I might ask, is the authority for {412} this story? Who is
+responsible for it? But the emphatic question which common sense will ask
+is this: Why should Junius go to Mr. Cox's printing-office to correct his
+proofs? Where he wrote the letters he might surely have corrected the
+proofs. Why, after all his trouble, anxiety, and mystification to keep the
+secret, should he needlessly go to anybody's printing-office to correct the
+proofs, and thus wantonly risk the consequences?--in fact, go there and
+betray himself, as we are expected to believe he did? The story is absurd,
+on the face of it. But what authority has AEGROTUS for asserting that
+Junius corrected proofs at all? Strong presumptive evidence leads me to
+believe that he did not: in some instances he could not. In one instance he
+specially desired to have a proof; but it was, as we now know, for the
+purpose of forwarding it to Lord Chatham. Junius was also anxious to have
+proofs of the Dedication and Preface, but it is by no means certain that he
+had them; the evidence tends to show that they were, at Woodfall's request,
+and to remove from his own shoulders the threatened responsibility, read by
+Wilkes: and the collected edition was printed from Wheble's edition, so far
+as it went, and the remainder from slips cut from the _Public Advertiser_,
+both corrected by Junius; but we have no reason to believe that Junius ever
+saw a proof, even of the collected edition,--many reasons that tend
+strongly to the contrary opinion. Under these circumstances, we are
+required to believe an anonymous story, which runs counter to all evidence,
+that we may superadd an absurdity.
+
+Mr. Pickering further referred to Mr. Raphael West, as one who "could tell
+much on the subject." Here AEGROTUS enlarges on the original, and tells us
+what this "much" consisted of. The story, professedly told by Benjamin
+West, about Maclean and Junius, on which Sir David Brewster founded his
+theory, may be found in Galt's _Life of West_. But Galt himself, in his
+subsequent autobiography, admits that the story told by West "does not
+relate the actual circumstances of the case correctly;" that is to say,
+Galt had found out, in the interval, that it was open to contradiction and
+disproof, and it has since been disproved in the _Athenaeum_. So much for a
+story discredited by the narrator himself. Of these facts AEGROTUS is
+entirely ignorant, and therefore proceeds by the following extraordinary
+circumstantialities to uphold it. "The late President of the Royal Academy
+knew Maclean; and his son, the late Raphael West, _told the writer of these
+remarks_ [AEGROTUS himself] that _when a young man_ he had seen him
+[Maclean] in the evening at his father's house in Newman Street, and _once
+heard him repeat a passage in one of the letters which was not then
+published_;" and AEGROTUS adds, "a more correct and veracious man than Mr.
+R. West could not be." So be it. Still it is strange that the President,
+who was said to have told his anecdote expressly to show that Maclean was
+Junius, never thought to confirm it by the conclusive proof of having read
+the letters before they were published! Further,--and we leave the question
+of extreme accuracy and _veraciousness_ to be settled by AEGROTUS,--the
+President West was born in 1738; he embarked from America for Italy in
+1759; on his return he visited England in 1763, and such was the patronage
+with which he was welcomed, that his friends recommended him to take up his
+residence in London. This he was willing to do, provided a young American
+lady to whom he was attached would come to England. She consented; his
+father accompanied her, and they were married on the 2nd of September,
+1765, at St. Martin's Church. Now Maclean embarked for India in December,
+1773, or January, 1774, and was lost at sea, when "the young man," Master
+Raphael, could not have been more than seven years of age,--nay, to speak
+by the card, as Master Raphael heard one of Junius' letters read before it
+was published, and as the last was published in January, 1772, it follows,
+assuming that he was the eldest child, born in nine months to the hour, and
+that it was the very last letter that he heard read, he _may have been_
+five years and seven months old--a very "young man" indeed; or rather, all
+circumstances considered, as precocious a youth as he who found out the
+vellum-bound copy years before it was known to be in existence.
+
+I regret to have occupied so much of your space. But speculation on this
+subject is just now the fashion. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is likely hereafter to
+become an authority, and if these circumstantial statements are admitted
+into its columns, they must be as circumstantially disproved.
+
+M. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Ten Commandments_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--The controversy on the
+division of the Ten Commandments between the Romanists and Lutherans on the
+one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists on the other, has been discussed
+in the following works--1. Goth (Cardinalis), _Vera Ecclesia, &c._, Venet.,
+1750 (Art. xvi. s. 7.); 2. Chamieri _Panstratia_ (tom i. l. xxi. c. viii.);
+3. Riveti _Opera_ (tom. i. p. 1227., and tom. iii. _Apologeticus pro vera
+Pace Ecclesiastica contra H. Grotii Votum_.); 4. Bohlii _Vera divisio
+Decalogi ex infallibili principio accentuationis_; 5. Hackspanii _Notae
+Philologicae in varia loca S. Scripturae_; 6. Pfeifferi _Opera_ (Cent. i.
+Loc. 96.); 7. Ussher's _Answer to a Jesuit's Challenge (of Images) and his
+Serm. at Westminster before the House of Commons, out of Deuteronomy, chap.
+iv. ver_. 15, 16., _and Romans, chap. i. ver._ 23.; 8. Stillingfleet's
+_Controversies with Godden, Author of "Catholics no Idolaters," and_ {413}
+_with Gother, Author of "The Papist Misrepresented," &c._
+
+The earliest notices of the division of the Decalogue, are those of
+Josephus, lib. iii. c. 5. s. 5.; Philo-Judaeus _de Decem Oraculis_; and the
+Chaldaic Paraphrase of Jonathan. According to these, the third verse of
+Exod. xx. contains the first commandment; the fourth, fifth, and sixth, the
+second. The same distinction was adopted by the following early
+writers:--Origen (_Homil. viii. in Exod._), Greg. Nazienzen (_Carmina Mosis
+Decalogus_), Irenaeus (lib. iii. c. 42.), Athanasius (_in Synopsi S.
+Scripturae_), Ambrose (_in Ep. ad Ephes. c. vi._).
+
+It was first abandoned by Augustine, who was instigated to introduce this
+innovation by the unwarranted representation of the doctrine of the Trinity
+by the First Tablet containing three commandments. The schoolmen followed
+his example, and accommodated the words of God to the legislative
+requirements of their new divinity, progressive development, which
+terminated in the Church of Rome, in compelling them to command what He
+strictly prohibits (See Ussher's _Answer_.)
+
+    "Hath God himself any where declared this to be only an explication of
+    the first commandment? Have the prophets or Christ and His apostles
+    ever done it? How then can any man's conscience be safe in this matter?
+    For it is not a trifling controversy whether it be a distinct
+    commandment or an explication of the first; but the lawfulness or
+    unlawfulness of the worship of images depends very much upon it, for if
+    it be only an explication of the first, then, unless one takes images
+    to be gods, their worship is lawful, and so the heathens were excused
+    in it, who were not such idiots; but if it be a new and distinct
+    precept, then the worshipping any image or similitude becomes a
+    grievous sin, and exposes men to the wrath of God in that severe manner
+    mentioned in the end of it. And it is a great confirmation that this is
+    the true meaning of it, because all the primitive writers[20] of the
+    Christian Church not only thought it a sin against this commandment,
+    but insisted upon the force of it against those heathens who denied
+    that they took their images for gods; and, therefore, this is a very
+    insufficient account of leaving out the second commandment (that the
+    people are in no danger of superstition or idolatry by
+    it.)."--Stillingfleet's _Doctrines of the Church of Rome, 25. Of the
+    Second Commandment_.
+
+    "If God allow the worship of the represented by the representation, he
+    would never have forbidden that worship absolutely, which is unlawful
+    only in a certain respect."--Ibid. _Answer to the Conclusion_.
+
+With your permission I shall return to this subject, not of Images, but of
+the Second Commandment, in reply to MR. GATTY'S Queries on the division at
+present adopted by the Jews, &c.
+
+T. JONES.
+
+Chetham's Library, Manchester.
+
+[Footnote 20: Thus St. Augustine himself: "In the first commandment, any
+similitude of God in the figments of men is forbidden to be worshipped, not
+because God hath not an image, but because no image of Him ought to be
+worshipped, but that which is the same thing that He is, nor yet that for
+Him but with Him."--See what is further cited from Augustine by Ussher in
+his _Answer_.]
+
+_Mounds, Munts, Mount_ (Vol. iii., p. 187.).--If R. W. B. will refer to Mr.
+Lower's paper on the "Iron Works of the County of Sussex" in the second
+volume of the _Sussex Archaelogical Collections_, he will find that iron
+works were carried on in the parish of Maresfield in 1724, and probably
+much later. It is therefore probable that the lands which he mentions have
+derived their names from the pit-mounts round the mouths of the pits
+through which the iron ore was raised to the surface. In Staffordshire and
+Shropshire the term _munt_ is used to denote fire-clay of an inferior kind,
+which makes a large part of every coal-pit mount in those counties. If the
+same kind of fire-clay was found in the iron mines of Sussex, it is not
+necessary to suggest the derivation of the word _munt_.
+
+I take this opportunity of suggesting to MR. ALBERT WAY that the utensil
+figured in page 179. of the above-mentioned work is not an ancient
+mustard-mill, but the upper part of an iron mould in which cannon-shot were
+cast. The iron tongs, of which a drawing is given in page 179., were
+probably useful for the purpose of drawing along a floor recently cast shot
+while they were too hot to be handled.
+
+V. X. Y.
+
+_San Graal_ (Vol. iii., pp 224. 281.).--Roquefort's article of nine columns
+in his _Glos. de la L. Rom._, is decisive of the word being derived from
+_Sancta Cratera;_ of _Graal, Greal_, always having meant a vessel or dish
+and of all the old romancers having understood the expression in the same
+meaning, namely, _Sancta Cratera, le Saint Graal, the Holy Cup or Vessel_,
+because, according to the legend, Christ used it at the Paschal Supper; and
+Joseph of Arimathea afterwards employed it to catch the blood flowing from
+his wounds. Many cities formerly claimed the honour of possessing this
+fabulous relic. Of course, as Price shows, it was an old Oriental
+magic-dish legend, imitated in the West.
+
+GEORGE STEPHENS.
+
+Stockholm.
+
+_Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke_ (Vol. iii., pp 262. 307.).--It has
+been asserted that the second part of this epitaph was written by Lady
+Pembroke's son; among whose poems, which were published in 1660, the whole
+piece was included. (Park's _Walpole_, ii. 203. _note_; Gifford's _Ben
+Jonson_, viii. 337.) But it is notorious, that no confidence whatever can
+be placed in that volume (see this shown in detail in Mr. Hannah's edit. of
+Poems by Wotton and Raleigh, pp. 61. 63.); nor have we any right to
+distribute the two parts between different authors. There are at least
+_four_ {414} old copies of the whole; two in MSS. which are referred to by
+Mr. Hannah; the one in Pembroke's _Poems_; and the one in that Lansdowne
+MS., where it is ascribed to William Browne. Brydges assigned it to Browne,
+when he published his _Original Poems_ from that MS. at the Lee Priory
+Press in 1815, p. 5. Upon the whole, there seems to be more direct evidence
+for Browne than any other person.
+
+R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+_A History of the Articles of Religion: to which is added a Series of
+Documents from_ A.D. _1536 to_ A.D. _1615; together with Illustrations from
+Contemporary Sources_, by Charles Hardwick, M.A., is the title of an octavo
+volume, in which the author seeks to supply a want long felt, especially by
+students for Holy Orders; namely, a work which should show not the
+_doctrine_ but the _history_ of the Articles. For, as he well observes,
+while many have enriched our literature by expositions of the _doctrine_ of
+the Articles, "no regular attempt has been made to illustrate the framing
+of the Formulary itself, either by viewing it in connection with the
+kindred publications of an earlier and a later date, or still more in its
+relation to the period out of which it originally grew." This attempt Mr.
+Hardwick has now made very successfully; and it is because his book is
+historical and not polemical, that we feel called upon to notice it, and to
+bear our testimony to its interest, and its value to that "large class of
+readers who, anxious to be accurately informed upon the subject, are
+precluded from consulting the voluminous collectors, such as Strype, Le
+Plat, or Wilkins." Such readers will find Mr. Hardwick's volume a most
+valuable handbook.
+
+A practical illustration that "union is strength," is shown by a volume
+which has just reached us, entitled, _Reports and Papers read at the
+Meetings of the Architectural Societies of the Archdeaconry of Northampton,
+the Counties of York and Lincoln, and of the Architectural and
+Archaeological Societies of Bedfordshire and St. Alban's during the Year
+_MDCCCL. _Presented gratuitously to the Members._ Had each of these
+Societies, instead of joining with its fellows, put forth a separate
+Report, the probability is, it would not only have involved such Society in
+an expense far beyond what it would be justified in incurring, but the
+Report itself would not have excited half the interest which will now be
+created by a comparison of its papers with those of its associate
+Societies; while, with the reduced expense, the benefit of a larger
+circulation is secured. The volume is one highly creditable to the
+Societies, and to the authors of the various communications which are to be
+found in it.
+
+Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will be engaged on Monday and
+two following days in the Sale of a Library rich in works on every branch
+of what is now known as Folk Lore and Popular Antiquities, and which may
+certainly, and with great propriety, be styled "a very curious collection."
+The mere enumeration of the various subjects on the title-page of the
+Catalogue, ranging, as they do, from Mesmerism and Magic, to Celestial
+Influences, Phrenology, Physiognomy, &c., might serve for the Table of
+Contents to a History of Human Weakness.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Neander's History of the Planting and Training of the
+Christian Church by the Apostles, translated from the third edition of the
+original German by J. E. Ryland_, is the fourth volume of the Standard
+Library which Mr. Bohn has devoted to translations of the writings of
+Neander; the first and second being his _Church History_, in two volumes,
+and the third his _Life of Christ_.--_Cosmos, a Sketch of the Physical
+Description of the Universe by Alexander Von Humboldt, translated from the
+German by E. C. Otte_, vol. iii., is the new volume of Bohn's Scientific
+Library, and completes his edition of the translation of the great work of
+the Prussian philosopher.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Adam Holden's (60. High Street, Exeter) Catalogue
+Part XXXI. of Books in every Department of Literature; J. Wheldon's (4.
+Paternoster Row) Catalogue Part III. for 1851, of a valuable Collection of
+Topographical Books; J. Rowsell's (28. Great Queen Street) Catalogue No.
+XLIII. of a select Collection of Second-hand Books.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon.
+1634-57.
+
+PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522.
+
+CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.
+
+BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.
+
+THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edin. 1801.
+
+THOMS' LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834.
+
+L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht,
+1713.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite, de
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+ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the REV.
+S. R. MAITLAND, DD. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to the late Archbishop
+of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS. at Lambeth.
+
+    "One of the most valuable and interesting pamphlets we ever
+    read."--_Morning Herald_.
+
+    "This publication, which promises to be the commencement of a larger
+    work, will well repay serious perusal."--_Ir. Eccl. Journ._
+
+    "A small pamphlet in which he throws a startling light on the practices
+    of modern Mesmerism."--_Nottingham Journal_.
+
+    "Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought Mesmerism to the
+    'touchstone of truth,' to the test of the standard of right or wrong.
+    We thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, and hope that he
+    will not long delay the remaining portions."--_London Medical Gazette_.
+
+    "The Enquiries are extremely curious, we should indeed say important.
+    That relating to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful we
+    ever read. We cannot enter into particulars in this brief notice; but
+    we would strongly recommend the pamphlet even to those who care nothing
+    about Mesmerism, or _angry_ (for it has come to this at last) with the
+    subject."--_Dublin Evening Post_.
+
+    "We recommend its general perusal as being really an endeavour, by one
+    whose position gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the genuine
+    character of Mesmerism, which is so much disputed."--_Woolmer's Exeter
+    Gazette_.
+
+    "Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of attention of the subject for
+    many years past, and the present pamphlet is in part the result of his
+    thoughts and inquiries. There is a good deal in it which we should have
+    been glad to quote ... but we content ourselves with referring our
+    readers to the pamphlet itself."--_Brit. Mag._
+
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