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diff --git a/28299-0.txt b/28299-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb3db56 --- /dev/null +++ b/28299-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,12908 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Orbis Pictus, by John Amos Comenius + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Orbis Pictus + +Author: John Amos Comenius + +Editor: Charles William Bardeen + +Translator: Charles Hoole + +Release Date: March 9, 2009 [EBook #28299] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORBIS PICTUS *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + œ [oe ligature, used in all Latin text] + ☉ ♂ ♈ ... [astrological symbols: see below] + +If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. + +The two sections numbered CIV use astrological symbols. Most are +accompanied by a definition, so the meaning will be plain even if your +text reader cannot display them. When a symbol is used in place of a +word, an alternative text is shown after the affected paragraph. + +In the _Orbis Pictus_ text, apparent errors in punctuation and +typography (such as Italic type where Roman is expected) were unchanged +except in chapter headers. Other errors, whether corrected or not, are +listed at the end of the e-text. Note that “Dutch” generally means +“German”. + +The original text was printed in parallel columns with English on the +left. For this e-text the English and the Latin are shown in small +blocks with differing indentation. Line breaks are approximately but +not exactly the same as in the original.] + + + + +The + +ORBIS PICTUS + +of + +JOHN AMOS COMENIUS. + + + This work is, indeed, the first children’s picture book. + --ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA, 9TH EDITION, vi. 182. + + + [Publisher’s Device: + School Bulletin Publications 1874] + + SYRACUSE, N.Y.: + C. W. BARDEEN, PUBLISHER, + 1887. + + Copyright, 1887, by C. W. BARDEEN. + + + + +It may not be generally known that Comenius was once solicited to become +President of Harvard College. The following is a quotation from Vol. II, +p. 14, of Cotton Mather’s MAGNALIA: + + “That brave old man, Johannes Amos Commenius, the fame of whose + worth has been TRUMPETTED as far as more than three languages + (whereof everyone is indebted unto his JANUA) could carry it, was + indeed agreed withal, by one Mr. Winthrop in his travels through + the LOW COUNTRIES, to come over to New England, and illuminate + their Colledge and COUNTRY, in the quality of a President, which + was now become vacant. But the solicitations of the Swedish + Ambassador diverting him another way, that incomparable Moravian + became not an American.” + +This was on the resignation of President Dunster, in 1654--Note of Prof. +PAYNE, Compayre’s History of Education, Boston, 1886, p. 125. + + + + +EDITOR’S PREFACE. + + +When it is remembered that this work is not only an educational classic +of prime importance, but that it was the first picture-book ever made +for children and was for a century the most popular text-book in Europe, +and yet has been for many years unattainable on account of its rarity, +the wonder is, not that it is reproduced now but that it has not been +reproduced before. But the difficulty has been to find a satisfactory +copy. Many as have been the editions, few copies have been preserved. It +was a book children were fond of and wore out in turning the leaves over +and over to see the pictures. Then as the old copper-plates became +indistinct they were replaced by wood-engravings, of coarse execution, +and often of changed treatment. Von Raumer complains that the edition of +1755 substitutes for the original cut of the Soul, (No. 43, as here +given,) a picture of an eye, and in a table the figures I. I. II. I. I. +II., and adds that it is difficult to recognize in this an expressive +psychological symbol, and to explain it. In an edition I have, published +in Vienna in 1779, this cut is omitted altogether, and indeed there are +but 82 in place of the 157 found in earlier editions, the following, as +numbered in this edition, being omitted: + +1, the alphabet, 2, 36, 43, 45, 66, 68, 75, 76, 78-80, 87, 88, 92-122, +124, 126, 128, 130-141. + +On the other hand, the Vienna edition contains a curious additional cut. +It gives No. 4, the Heaven, practically as in this edition, but puts +another cut under it in which the earth is revolving about the sun; and +after the statement of Comenius, “_Coelum rotatur, et ambit terram, in +medio stantem_” interpolates: “_prout veteres crediderunt; recentiores +enim defendunt motum terrae circa solem_” [as the ancients used to +think; for later authorities hold that the motion of the earth is about +the sun.] + +Two specimen pages from another edition are inserted in Payne’s +Compayré’s History of Education (between pp. 126, 127). The cut is the +representative of No. 103 in this edition, but those who compare them +will see not only how much coarser is the execution of the wood-cut +Prof. Payne has copied, but what liberties have been taken with the +design. The only change in the Latin text, however, is from _Designat +Figuras rerum_ in the original, to _Figuram rerum designat_. + +In this edition the cuts are unusually clear copies of the copper-plates +of the first edition of 1658, from which we have also taken the Latin +text. The text for the English translation is from the English edition +of 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged +as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents. + +The cuts have been reproduced with great care by the photographic +process. I thought best not to permit them to be retouched, preferring +occasional indistinctness to modern tampering with the originals that +would make them less authentic. + +The English text is unchanged from that of the 1727 edition, except in +rare instances where substitutions have been made for single words not +now permissible. The typography suggests rather than imitates the +quaintness of the original, and the paper was carefully selected to +produce so far as practicable the impression of the old hand-presses. + +In short my aim has been to put within the reach of teachers at a +moderate price a satisfactory reproduction of this important book; and +if the sale of the _Orbis Pictus_ seems to warrant it, I hope +subsequently to print as a companion volume the _Vestibulum_ and _Janua_ +of the same author, of which I have choice copies. + + C. W. BARDEEN. + + _Syracuse, Sept. 28, 1887_. + + + + +COMMENTS UPON THE ORBIS PICTUS. + + +During four years he here prosecuted his efforts in behalf of education +with commendable success, and wrote, among other works, his celebrated +Orbis Pictus, which has passed through a great many editions, and +survived a multitude of imitations. --SMITH’S HISTORY OF EDUCATION, +N.Y., 1842, p. 129. + +The most eminent educator of the seventeenth century, however, was John +Amos Comenius...... His Orbis Sensualium Pictus, published in 1657, +enjoyed a still higher renown. The text was much the same with the +Janua, being intended as a kind of elementary encyclopædia; but _it +differed from all previous text-books_, in being illustrated with +pictures, on copper and wood, of the various topics discussed in it. +This book was universally popular. In those portions of Germany where +the schools had been broken up by the “Thirty years’ war,” mothers +taught their children from its pages. Corrected and amended by later +editors, it continued for nearly two hundred years, to be a text-book of +the German schools. --HISTORY AND PROGRESS OF EDUCATION, BY +PHILOBIBLIUS, N.Y., 1860, p. 210. + +The “Janua” would, therefore, have had but a short-lived popularity with +teachers, and a still shorter with learners, if Comenius had not carried +out his principle of appealing to the senses, and called in the artist. +The result was the “Orbis Pictus,” a book which proved a favorite with +young and old, and maintained its ground in many a school for more than +a century.... I am sorry I cannot give a specimen of this celebrated +book with its quaint pictures. The artist, of course, was wanting in the +technical skill which is now commonly displayed even in the cheapest +publications, but this renders his delineations none the less +entertaining. As a picture of the life and manners of the +seventeenthcentury, the work has great historical interest, which will, +I hope, secure for it another English edition. --QUICK’S EDUCATIONAL +REFORMERS, 1868; Syracuse edition, p. 79. + +But the principle on which he most insisted is that the teaching of +words and things must go together, hand in hand. When we consider how +much time is spent over new languages, what waste of energy is lavished +on mere preparation, how it takes so long to lay a foundation that there +is no time to lay a building upon it, we must conclude that it is in the +acceptance and development of this principle that the improvement of +education will in the future consist. Any one who attempts to inculcate +this great reform will find that its first principles are contained in +the writings of Comenius. --ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA, 9th edition, vii. +674. + +The first edition of this celebrated book was published at Nuremberg in +1657; soon after a translation was made into English by Charles Hoole. +The last English edition appeared in 1777, and this was reprinted in +America in 1812. This was the first illustrated school-book, and was the +first attempt at what now passes under the name of “object lessons.” +--SHORT HISTORY OF EDUCATION, W. H. PAYNE, Syracuse, 1881, p. 103. + +Of these, the “Janua” and the “Orbis” were translated into most European +and some of the Oriental languages. It is evident that these practices +of Comenius contain the germs of things afterwards connected with the +names of Pestalozzi and Stow. It also may be safely assumed that many +methods that are now in practical use, were then not unknown to earliest +teachers. --GILL’S SYSTEMS OF EDUCATION, London, 1876, p. 13. + +The more we reflect on the method of Comenius, the more we shall see it +is replete with suggestiveness, and we shall feel surprised that so much +wisdom can have lain in the path of schoolmasters for two hundred and +fifty years, and that they have never stooped to avail themselves of its +treasures. --BROWNING’S INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL +THEORIES, 1882, New York edition, p. 67. + +The “Orbis Pictus,” the first practical application of the intuitive +method, had an extraordinary success, and has served as a model for the +innumerable illustrated books which for three centuries have invaded the +schools. --COMPAYRE’S HISTORY OF PEDAGOGY, Payne’s translation, Boston, +1886, p. 127. + +He remained at Patak four years, which were characterized by surprising +literary activity. During this short period he produced no less than +fifteen different works, among them his “World Illustrated” (_Orbis +Pictus_), the most famous of all his writings. It admirably applied the +principle that words and things should be learned together.... The +“World Illustrated” had an enormous circulation, and remained for a long +time the most popular text-book in Europe. --PAINTER’S HISTORY OF +EDUCATION, N.Y., 1886, p. 206. + +Or, si ce livre n’est qu’un équivalent se la véritable intuition; si, +ensuite, le contenu du tout paraît fort défectueux, au point de vue de +la science de nos jours; si, enfin, un effort exagéré pour l’intégrité +de la conception de l’enfant a créé, pour les choses modernes, trop de +dénominations latines qui paraissent douteuses, l’Orbis pictus était +pourtant, pour son temps, une oeuvre très originale et très spirituelle, +qui fit faire un grand progrès à la pédagogie et servit longtemps de +livre d’école utile et de modèle à d’innombrables livres d’images, +souvent pires. --HISTOIRE D’ ÉDUCATION, FREDERICK DITTES, Redolfi’s +French translation, Paris, 1880, p. 178. + +Here Comenius wrote, among others, his second celebrated work the “Orbis +Pictus.” He was not, however, able to finish it in Hungary for want of a +skilful engraver on copper. For such a one he carried it to Michael +Endter, the bookseller at Nuremberg, but the engraving delayed the +publication of the book for three years more. In 1657 Comenius expressed +the hope that it would appear during the next autumn. With what great +approbation the work was received at its first appearance, is shown by +the fact that within two years, in 1659, Endter had published a second +enlarged edition. --KARL VON RAUMER, translated in Barnard’s Journal of +Education, v. 260. + +The “Janua” had an enormous sale, and was published in many languages, +but the editions and sale of the “Orbis Pictus” far exceeded those of +the “Janua,” and, indeed, for some time it was the most popular +text-book in Europe, and deservedly so. --LAURIE’S JOHN AMOS COMENIUS, +Boston edition, p. 185. + + + + + Joh. Amos Comenii + + ORBIS SENSUALIUM PICTUS: + + hoc est + + Omnium principalium in Mundo + Rerum, & in Vita Actionum, + + PICTURA & NOMENCLATURA. + + + Joh. Amos Comenius’s + + VISIBLE WORLD: + + or, a + + NOMENCLATURE, AND PICTURES + + of all the + + CHIEF THINGS that are in the WORLD, and + of MENS EMPLOYMENTS therein; + + In above 150 COPPER CUTS. + + Written + + By the Author in Latin and High Dutch, being + one of his last ESSAYS; and the most suitable to + Childrens Capacity of any he hath hitherto made. + + + Translated into English + By CHARLES HOOLE, M.A. + For the Use of Young Latin Scholars. + + The ELEVENTH EDITION Corrected, and the English made to + answer Word for Word to the Latin. + + _Nihil est in intellectu, quod non prius fuit in sensu._ Arist. + + _London_; Printed for, and sold by _John_ and _Benj._ + _Sprint_, at the _Bell_ in _Little Britain_, 1728. + + + + +_Gen._ ii. 19, 20. + +The Lord God brought unto _Adam_ every Beast of the Field, and every +Fowl of the Air, to see what he would call them. And _Adam_ gave Names +to all Cattle, and to the Fowl of the Air, and to every Beast of the +Field. + +Gen. ii. 19, 20. + +_Adduxit Dominus Deus ad _Adam_ cuncta Animantia Terræ, & universa +volatilia Cœli, ut videret quomodo vocaret illa. Appellavitque _Adam_ +Nominibus suis cuncta Animantia, & universa volatilia Cœli, & omnes +Bestias Agri._ + +I. A. Comenii opera Didactica par. 1. p. 6, Amst. 1657. fol. + +Didacticæ nostræ prora & puppis esto: Investigare, & invenire modum, quo +Docentes minus doceant, Discentes vero plus discant: Scholæ minus +habeant Strepitus, nauseæ, vani laboris; plus autem otii, deliciarum, +solidique profectus: Respublica Christiana minus tenebrarum confusionis +dissidiorum; plus lucis, ordinis, pacis & tranquilitatis. + + + + +THE AUTHOR’S PREFACE TO THE READER. + + +_Instruction is the means to expel Rudeness_, with which young wits +ought to be well furnished in Schools: But so, as that the teaching be +1. _True_, 2. _Full_, 3. _Clear_, and 4. _Solid_. + +1. It will be _true_, if nothing be taught but such as is beneficial to +ones life; lest there be a cause of complaining afterwards. We know not +necessary things, because we have not learned things necessary. + +2. It will be _full_, if the mind be polished for wisdom, the tongue for +eloquence, and the hands for a neat way of living. This will be that +_grace_ of one’s life, _to be wise, to act, to speak_. + +3, 4. It will be _clear_, and by that, firm and _solid_, if whatever is +taught and learned, be not obscure, or confused, but apparent, distinct, +and articulate, as the fingers on the hands. + +The ground of this business, is, that sensual objects may be rightly +presented to the senses, for fear they may not be received. I say, and +say it again aloud, that this last is the foundation of all the rest: +because we can neither act nor speak wisely, unless we first rightly +understand all the things which are to be done, and whereof we are to +speak. Now there is nothing in the understanding, which was not before +in the sense. And therefore to exercise the senses well about the right +perceiving the differences of things, will be to lay the grounds for all +wisdom, and all wise discourse, and all discreet actions in ones course +of life. Which, because it is commonly neglected in schools, and the +things which are to be learned are offered to scholars, without being +understood or being rightly presented to the senses, it cometh to pass, +that the work of teaching and learning goeth heavily onward, and +affordeth little benefit. + +See here then a new help for schools, A Picture and Nomenclature of all +the chief things in the world, and of men’s actions in their way of +living: Which, that you, good Masters, may not be loath to run over with +your scholars, I will tell you, in short, what good you may expect from +it. + +It is _a little Book_, as you see, of no great bulk, yet a brief of the +whole world, and a whole language: full of Pictures, Nomenclatures, and +Descriptions of things. + +I. _The Pictures_ are the representation of all visible things, (to +which also things invisible are reduced after their fashion) of the +whole world. And that in that very order of things, in which they are +described in the _Janua Latinæ Linguæ_; and with that fulness, that +nothing very necessary or of great concernment is omitted. + +II. _The Nomenclatures_ are the Inscriptions, or Titles set every one +over their own Pictures, expressing the whole thing by its own general +term. + +III. _The Descriptions_ are the explications of the parts of the +Picture, so expressed by their own proper terms, as that same figure +which is added to every piece of the picture, and the term of it, always +sheweth what things belongeth one to another. + +Which such Book, and in such a dress may (I hope) serve, + +I. To entice witty children to it, that they may not conceit a torment +to be in the school, but dainty fare. For it is apparent, that children +(even from their infancy almost) are delighted with Pictures, and +willingly please their eyes with these lights: And it will be very well +worth the pains to have once brought it to pass, that scare-crows may be +taken away out of Wisdom’s Gardens. + +II. This same little Book will serve to stir up the Attention, which is +to be fastened upon things, and even to be sharpened more and more: +which is also a great matter. For the Senses (being the main guides of +childhood, because therein the mind doth not as yet raise up itself to +an abstracted contemplation of things) evermore seek their own objects, +and if they be away, they grow dull, and wry themselves hither and +thither out of a weariness of themselves: but when their objects are +present, they grow merry, wax lively, and willingly suffer themselves to +be fastened upon them, till the thing be sufficiently discerned. This +Book then will do a good piece of service in taking (especially +flickering) wits, and preparing them for deeper studies. + +III. Whence a third good will follow; that children being won hereunto, +and drawn over with this way of heeding, may be furnished with the +knowledge of the prime things that are in the world, by sport and merry +pastime. In a word, this Book will serve for the more pleasing using of +the _Vestibulum_ and _Janua Linguarum_, for which end it was even at the +first chiefly intended. Yet if it like any, that it be bound up in their +native tongues also, it promiseth three good thing of itself. + +I. First it will afford a device for learning to read more easily than +hitherto, especially having a symbolical alphabet set before it, to wit, +the characters of the several letters, with the image of that creature, +whose voice that letter goeth about to imitate, pictur’d by it. For the +young _Abc_ scholar will easily remember the force of every character by +the very looking upon the creature, till the imagination being +strengthened by use, can readily afford all things; and then having +looked over a _table of the chief syllables_ also (which yet was not +thought necessary to be added to this book) he may proceed to the +viewing of the Pictures, and the inscriptions set over ’em. Where again +the very looking upon the thing pictured suggesting the name of the +thing, will tell him how the title of the picture is to be read. And +thus the whole book being gone over by the bare titles of the pictures, +reading cannot but be learned; and indeed too, which thing is to be +noted, without using any ordinary tedious spelling, that most +troublesome torture of wits, which may wholly be avoided by this method. +For the often reading over the Book, by those larger descriptions of +things, and which are set after the Pictures, will be able perfectly to +beget a habit of reading. + +II. The same book being used in English, in English Schools, will serve +for the perfect learning of the whole English tongue, and that from the +bottom; because by the aforesaid descriptions of things, the words and +phrases of the whole language are found set orderly in their own places. +And a short English Grammar might be added at the end, clearly resolving +the speech already understood into its parts; shewing the declining of +the several words, and reducing those that are joined together under +certain rules. + +III. Thence a new benefit cometh, that that very English Translation may +serve for the more ready and pleasant learning of the Latin tongue: as +one may see in this Edition, the whole book being so translated, that +every where one word answereth to the word over against it, and the book +is in all things the same, only in two idioms, as a man clad in a double +garment. And there might be also some observations and advertisements +added in the end, touching those things only, wherein the use of the +Latin tongue differeth from the English. For where there is no +difference, there needeth no advertisement to be given. But, because the +first _tasks of learners ought to be little and single_, we have filled +this first book of training one up to see a thing of himself, with +nothing but rudiments, that is, with the chief of things and words, or +with the grounds of the whole world, and the whole language, and of all +our understanding about things. If a more perfect description of things, +and a fuller knowledge of a language, and a clearer light of the +understanding be sought after (as they ought to be) they are to be found +somewhere whither there will now be an easy passage by this our _little +Encyclopædia_ of things subject to the senses. Something remaineth to be +said touching the more chearful use of this book. + +I. Let it be given to children into their hands to delight themselves +withal as they please, with the sight of the pictures, and making them +as familiar to themselves as may be, and that even at home before they +be put to school. + +II. Then let them be examined ever and anon (especially now in the +school) what this thing or that thing is, and is called, so that they +may see nothing which they know not how to name, and that they can name +nothing which they cannot shew. + +III. And let the things named them be shewed, not only in the Picture, +but also in themselves; for example, the parts of the body, clothes, +books, the house, utensils, &c. + +IV. Let them be suffered also to imitate the Pictures by hand, if they +will, nay rather, let them be encouraged, that they may be willing: +first, thus to quicken the attention also towards the things; and to +observe the proportion of the parts one towards another; and lastly to +practise the nimbleness of the hand, which is good for many things. + +V. If anything here mentioned, cannot be presented to the eye, it will +be to no purpose at all to offer them by themselves to the scholars; as +colours, relishes, &c., which cannot here be pictured out with ink. For +which reason it were to be wished, that things rare and not easy to be +met withal at home, might be kept ready in every great school, that they +may be shewed also, as often as any words are to be made of them, to the +scholars. + +Thus at last this school would indeed become a school of things obvious +to the senses, and an entrance to the school intellectual. But enough: +Let us come to the thing it self. + + + + +THE TRANSLATOR, TO ALL JUDICIOUS AND INDUSTRIOUS SCHOOL-MASTERS. + + +Gentlemen. + +There are a few of you (I think) but have seen, and with great +willingness made use of (or at least perused,) many of the Books of this +well-deserving Author Mr. John Comenius, which for their profitableness +to the speedy attainment of a language, have been translated in several +countries, out of Latin into their own native tongue. + +Now the general verdict (after trial made) that hath passed, touching +those formerly extant, is this, that they are indeed of singular use, +and very advantageous to those of more discretion, (especially to such +as already have a smattering of Latin) to help their memories to retain +what they have scatteringly gotten here and there, to furnish them with +many words, which (perhaps) they had not formerly read, or so well +observed; but to young children (whom we have chiefly to instruct) as +those that are ignorant altogether of things and words, and prove rather +a meer toil and burthen, than a delight and furtherance. + +For to pack up many words in memory, of things not conceived in the +mind, is to fill the head with empty imaginations, and to make the +learner more to admire the multitude and variety (and thereby, to become +discouraged,) than to care to treasure them up, in hopes to gain more +knowledge of what they mean. + +He hath therefore in some of his latter works seemed to move retrograde, +and striven to come nearer the reach of tender wits: and in this present +Book, he hath, according to my judgment, descended to the very bottom of +what is to be taught, and proceeded (as nature it self doth) in an +orderly way; first to exercise the senses well, by representing their +objects to them, and then to fasten upon the intellect by impressing the +first notions of things upon it, and linking them on to another by a +rational discourse. Whereas indeed, we, generally missing this way, do +teach children as we do parrots, to speak they know not what, nay which +is worse, we, taking the way of teaching little ones by Grammar only at +the first, do puzzle their imaginations with abstractive terms and +secondary intentions, which till they be somewhat acquainted with +things, and the words belonging to them, in the language which they +learn, they cannot apprehend what they mean. And this I guess to be the +reason, why many great persons do resolve sometimes not to put a child +to school till he be at least eleven or twelve years of age, presuming +that he having then taken notice of most things, will sooner get the +knowledge of the words which are applyed to them in any language. But +the gross misdemeanor of such children for the most part, have taught +many parents to be hasty enough to send their own to school, if not that +they may learn, yet (at least) that they might be kept out of harm’s +way; and yet if they do not profit for the time they have been at +school, (no respect at all being had for their years) the Master shall +be sure enough to bear the blame. + +So that a School-master had need to bend his wits to come within the +compass of a child’s capacity of six or seven years of age (seeing we +have now such commonly brought to our Grammar-schools to learn the Latin +Tongue) and to make that they may learn with as much delight and +willingness, as himself would teach with dexterity and ease. And at +present I know no better help to forward his young scholars than this +little Book, which was for this purpose contrived by the Author in the +German and Latin Tongues. + +What profitable use may be had thereof, respecting chiefly that his own +country and language, he himself hath told you in his preface; but what +use we may here make of it in our Grammar-schools, as it is now +translated into English, I shall partly declare; leaving all other men, +according to my wont, to their own discretion and liberty, to use or +refuse it, as they please. So soon then as a child can read English +perfectly, and is brought to us to school to learn Latin, I would have +him together with his Accidence, to be provided of this Book, in which +he may at least once a day (beside his Accidence) be thus exercised. + +I. Let him look over the pictures with their general titles and +inscriptions, till he be able to turn readily to any one of them, and to +tell its name either in English or Latin. By this means he shall have +the method of the Book in his head; and be easily furnished with the +knowledge of most things; and instructed how to call them, when at any +time he meeteth with them elsewhere, in their real forms. + +II. Let him read the description at large: First in English, and +afterward in Latin, till he can readily read, and distinctly pronounce +the words in both Languages, ever minding how they are spelled. And +withal, let him take notice of the figures inserted, and to what part of +the picture they direct by their like till he be well able to find out +every particular thing of himself, and to name it on a sudden, either in +English or Latin. Thus he shall not only gain the most primitive words, +but be understandingly grounded in Orthography, which is a thing too +generally neglected by us; partly because our English schools think that +children should learn it at the Latin, and our Latin schools suppose +they have already learn’d it at the English; partly, because our common +Grammar is too much defective in this part, and scholars so little +exercised therein, that they pass from schools to the Universities and +return from thence (some of them) more unable to write true English, +than either Latin or Greek. Not to speak of our ordinary Tradesmen, many +of whom write such false English, that none but themselves can interpret +what they scribble in their bills and shop-books. + +III. Then let him get the Titles and Descriptions by heart, which he +will more easily do, by reason of these impressions which the viewing of +the pictures hath already made in his memory. And now let him also +learn, 1. To construe, or give the words one by one, as they answer one +another in Latin and English. 2. To Parse, according to the rules, +(which I presume by this time) he hath learn’d in the first part of his +Accidence; where I would have him tell what part of Speech any word is, +and then what accidents belong to it; but especially to decline the +nouns and conjugate the verbs according to the Examples in his +Rudiments; and this doing will enable him to know the end and use of his +Accidence. As for the Rules of Genders of Nouns, and the +Præter-perfect-tenses and Supines of Verbs, and those of Concordance and +Construction in the latter part of the Accidence, I would not have a +child much troubled with them, till by the help of this Book he can +perfectly practise so much of Etymology, as concerns the first part of +his Accidence only. For that, and this book together, being thoroughly +learn’d by at least thrice going them over, will much prepare children +to go chearfully forward in their Grammar and School-Authors, +especially, if whilst they are employed herein, they be taught also to +write a fair and legible hand. + +There is one thing to be given notice of, which I wish could have been +remedied in this Translation; that the Book being writ in high-Dutch +doth express many things in reference to that Country and Speech, which +cannot without alteration of some Pictures as well as words be expressed +in ours: for the Symbolical Alphabet is fitted for German children +rather than for ours. And whereas the words of that Language go orderly +one for one with the Latin, our English propriety of Speech will not +admit the like. Therefore it will behove those Masters that intend to +make use of this Book, to construe it verbatim to their young Scholars, +who will quickly learn to do it of themselves, after they be once +acquainted with the first words of Nouns, and Verbs, and their manner of +variation. + +Such a work as this, I observe to have been formerly much desired by +some experienced Teachers, and I my self had some years since (whilst my +own Child lived) begun the like, having found it most agreeable to the +best witted Children, who are most taken up with Pictures from their +Infancy, because by them the knowledge of things which they seem to +represent (and whereof Children are as yet ignorant) are most easily +conveyed to the Understanding. But for as much as the work is now done, +though in some things not so completely as it were to be wished, I +rejoyce in the use of it, and desist in my own undertakings for the +present. And because any good thing is the better, being the more +communicated; I have herein imitated a Child who is forward to impart to +others what himself has well liked. You then that have the care of +little Children, do not much trouble their thoughts and clog their +memories with bare Grammar Rudiments, which to them are harsh in +getting, and fluid in retaining; because indeed to them they signifie +nothing, but a mere swimming notion of a general term, which they know +not what it meaneth, till they comprehend particulars, but by this or +the like subsidiary, inform them, first with some knowledge of things +and words wherewith to express them, and then their Rules of speaking +will be better understood and more firmly kept in mind. Else how should +a Child conceive what a Rule meaneth, when he neither knoweth what the +Latin word importeth, nor what manner of thing it is which is signified +to him in his own native Language, which is given him thereby to +understand the Rule? For Rules consisting of generalities, are delivered +(as I may say) at a third hand, presuming first the things, and then the +words to be already apprehended touching which they are made. I might +indeed enlarge upon this Subject, it being the very Basis of our +Profession, to search into the way of Childrens taking hold by little +and little of what we teach them, that so we may apply ourselves to +their reach: But I leave the observation thereof to your own daily +exercise, and experience got thereby. + +And I pray God, the fountain and giver of all wisdom, that hath bestowed +upon us this gift of Teaching, so to inspire and direct us by his Grace, +that we may train up Children in his Fear and in the knowledge of his +Son Jesus Christ our Lord; and then no doubt our teaching and their +learning of other things subordinate to these, will by the assistance of +his blessed Spirit make them able and willing to do him faithful Service +both in Church and Commonwealth, as long as they live here, that so they +may be eternally blessed with him hereafter. This, I beseech you, beg +for me and mine, as I shall daily do for you and yours, at the throne of +God’s heavenly grace; and remain while I live + +Ready to serve you, as I truly love and honour you, and labour willingly +in the same Profession with you, + +CHARLES HOOLE. + +From my School, in + + _Lothbury, London, Jan. 25, 1658_. + + + + +_N.B._ Those Heads or Descriptions which concern things beyond the +present apprehension of Children’s wits, as, those of Geography, +Astronomy, or the like, I would have omitted, till the rest be learned, +and a Child be _better able to understand them_. + +_The Judgment of Mr. _Hezekiah Woodward_, sometimes an _eminent +Schoolmaster in LONDON_, touching a work of this Nature; in his _Gate to +Science_, chap. 2._ + +Certainly _the use of Images or Representations is great_: If we could +make our words as legible to Children as Pictures are, their information +therefrom would be quickned and surer. But so we cannot do, though we +must do what we can. And if we had Books, wherein are the Pictures of +all Creatures, Herbs, Beasts, Fish, Fowls, they would stand us in great +stead. For Pictures are the most intelligible Books that Children can +look upon. They come closest to Nature, nay, saith Scaliger, Art exceeds +her. + + + + +AN ADVERTISEMENT CONCERNING THIS EDITION. + + +As there are some considerable Alterations in the present Edition of +this Book from the former, it may be expected an Account should be given +of the Reasons for them. ’Tis certain from the Author’s Words, that when +it was first published, which was in Latin and Hungary, or in Latin and +High-Dutch; every where one word answer’d to another over-against it: +This might have been observ’d in our English Translation, which wou’d +have fully answer’d the design of COMENIUS, and have made the Book much +more useful: But Mr. Hoole, (whether out of too much scrupulousness to +disturb the Words in some places from the order they were in, or not +sufficiently considering the Inconveniences of having the Latin and +English so far asunder) has made them so much disagree, that a Boy has +sometimes to seek 7 or 8 lines off for the corresponding Word; which is +no small trouble to Young Learners who are at first equally unacquainted +with all Words, in a Language they are strangers to, except it be such +as have Figures of Reference, or are very like in sound; and thus may +perhaps, innocently enough join an Adverb in one Tongue, to a Noun in +the other; whence may appear the Necessity of the Translation’s being +exactly literal, and the two Languages fairly answering one another, +Line for Line. + +If it be objected, such a thing cou’d not be done (considering the +difference of the Idioms) without transplacing Words here and there, and +putting them into an order which may not perhaps be exactly classical; +it ought to be observed, this is design’d for Boys chiefly, or those who +are just entering upon the Latin Tongue, to whom every thing ought to be +made as plain and familiar as possible, who are not, at their first +beginning, to be taught the elegant placing of Latin, nor from such +short Sentences as these, but from Discourses where the Periods have a +fuller Close. Besides, this way has already taken (according to the +Advice of very good Judges,) in some other School-Books of Mr. Hoole’s +translating, and found to succeed abundantly well. + +Such Condescensions as these, to the capacities of young Learners are +certainly very reasonable, and wou’d be most agreeable to the Intentions +of the Ingenious and worthy Author, and his design to suit whatever he +taught, to their manner of apprehending it. Whose Excellency in the art +of Education made him so famous all over Europe, as to be solicited by +several States and Princes to go and reform the Method of their Schools; +and whose works carried that Esteem, that in his own Life-time some part +of them were not only translated into 12 of the usual Languages of +Europe, but also into the _Arabic_, _Turkish_, _Persian_, and _Mogolic_ +(the common Tongue of all that part of the _East-Indies_) and since his +death, into the _Hebrew_, and some others. Nor did they want their due +Encouragement here in _England_, some Years ago; ’till by an indiscreet +use of them, and want of a thorow acquaintance with his Method, or +unwillingness to part from their old road, they began to be almost quite +left off: Yet it were heartily to be wish’d, some Persons of Judgment +and Interest, whose Example might have an influence upon others, and +bring them into Reputation again, wou’d revive the COMENIAN METHOD, +which is no other, than to make our Scholars learn with Delight and +chearfulness, and to convey a solid and useful Knowledge of Things, with +that of Languages, in an easy, natural and familiar way. _Didactic +Works_ (as they are now collected into one volume) for a speedy +attaining the Knowledge of Things and Words, join’d with the Discourses +of Mr. Lock[A] and 2 or 3 more out of our own Nation, for forming the +Mind and settling good Habits, may doubtless be look’d upon to contain +the most reasonable, orderly, and completed System of the Art of +Education, that can be met with. + +[Footnote A: Mr. Lock’s Essay upon Education. + +Dr. Tabor’s Christian Schoolmaster. + +Dr. Ob. Walker of Education. + +Mr. Monro’s Essay on Education. + +--His just Measures of the pious Institutions of Youth, &c.] + +Yet, alas! how few are there, who follow the way they have pointed out? +tho’ every one who seriously considers it, must be convinc’d of the +Advantage; and the generality of Schools go on in the same old dull +road, wherein a great part of Children’s time is lost in a tiresome +heaping up a Pack of dry and unprofitable, or pernicious Notions (for +surely little better can be said of a great part of that Heathenish +stuff they are tormented with; like the feeding them with hard Nuts, +which when they have almost broke their teeth with cracking, they find +either deaf or to contain but very rotten and unwholesome Kernels) +whilst Things really perfected of the understanding, and useful in every +state of Life, are left unregarded, to the Reproach of our Nation, where +all other Arts are improved and flourish well, only this of Education of +Youth is at a stand; as if that, the good or ill management of which is +of the utmost consequence to all, were a thing not worth any Endeavors +to improve it, or was already so perfect and well executed that it +needed none, when many of the greatest Wisdom and Judgment in several +Nations, have with a just indignation endeavor’d to expose it, and to +establish a more easy and useful way in its room. + +’Tis not easy to say little on so important a subject, but thus much may +suffice for the present purpose. The Book has merit enough to recommend +it self to those who know how to make a right use of it. It was reckon’d +one of the Author’s best performances; and besides the many Impressions +and Translations it has had in parts beyond Sea, has been several times +reprinted here. It was endeavor’d no needless Alterations shou’d be +admitted in this Edition, and as little of any as cou’d consist with the +design of making it plain and useful; to shun the offence it might give +to some; and only the Roman and Italic Character alternately made use +of, where transplacing of Words cou’d be avoided. + +J. H. + + London, + July 13, 1727. + + + + +Orbis Sensualium Pictus, + +A World of Things Obvious to the Senses drawn in Pictures. + + + + + I. + + Invitation. + Invitatio. + + [Illustration] + + + _The Master and the Boy._ + _Magister & Puer._ + + M. Come, Boy, learn to be wise. + M. Veni, Puer, disce sapere. + + P. What doth this mean, _to be wise_? + P. Quid hoc est, _Sapere_? + + M. To understand rightly, + to do rightly, + and to speak out rightly + all that are necessary. + M. Intelligere recte, + agere recte, + et eloqui recte + omnia necessaria. + + P. Who will teach me this? + P. Quis docebit me hoc? + + M. I, by God’s help. + M. Ego, cum DEO. + + P. How? + P. Quomodo? + + M. I will guide thee thorow all. + M. Ducam te per omnia. + + I will shew thee all. + Ostendam tibi omnia. + + I will name thee all. + Nominabo tibi omnia. + + P. See, here I am; + lead me in the name of God. + P. En, adsum; + duc me in nomine DEI. + + M. Before all things, + thou oughtest to learn + the plain _sounds_, + of which man’s _speech_ + consisteth; + M. Ante omnia, + debes discere + simplices _Sonos_ + ex quibus _Sermo_ humanus + constat; + which _living creatures_ + know how _to make_, + and thy _Tongue_ + knoweth how to _imitate_, + and thy _hand_ + can _picture out_. + quos _Animalia_ + sciunt _formare_, + & tua _Lingua_ + scit _imitari_, + & tua _Manus_ + potest _pingere_. + + Afterwards we will go + into the _World_, + and we will view all things. + Postea ibimus + Mundum, + & spectabimus omnia. + + Here thou hast a lively + and Vocal Alphabet. + Hic habes vivum + et vocale Alphabetum. + + [Illustrations] + + [Transcriber’s Note: Each item has a separate small illustration. + Note that the letters of the alphabet refer to the sound, not to + the English or Latin word.] + + _Cornix_ cornicatur, à à + The _Crow_ crieth. + A a + + _Agnus_ balat, b è è è + The _Lamb_ blaiteth. + B b + + _Cicàda_ stridet, cì cì + The _Grasshopper_ chirpeth. + C c + + _Upupa_ dicit, du du + The _Whooppoo_ saith. + D d + + _Infans_ ejulat, è è è + The _Infant_ crieth. + E e + + _Ventus_ flat, fi fi + The _Wind_ bloweth. + F f + + _Anser_ gingrit, ga ga + The _Goose_ gagleth. + G g + + _Os_ halat, hà’h hà’h + The _Mouth_ breatheth. + H h + + _Mus_ mintrit, ì ì ì + The _Mouse_ chirpeth. + I i + + _Anas_ tetrinnit, kha, kha + The _Duck_ quaketh. + K k + + _Lupus_ ululat, lu ulu + The _Wolf_ howleth. + L + + _Ursus_ murmurat, mum mum + The _Bear_ grumbleth. + M m + + _Felis_ clamat, nau nau + The _Cat_ crieth. + N n + + _Auriga_ clamat, ò ò ò + The _Carter_ crieth. + O o + + _Pullus_ pipit, pi pi + The _Chicken_ peepeth. + P p + + _Cúculus_ cuculat, kuk ku + The _cuckow_ singeth. + Q q + + _Canis_ ringitur, err + The _dog_ grinneth. + R r + + _Serpens_ sibilat, si + The _Serpent_ hisseth. + S s + + _Graculus_ clamat, tac tac + The _Jay_ crieth. + T t + + _Bubo_ ululat, ù ù + The _Owl_ hooteth. + U u + + _Lepus_ vagit, va + The _Hare_ squeaketh. + W w + + _Rana_ coaxat, coax + The _Frog_ croaketh. + X x + + _Asinus_ rudit, y y y + The _Asse_ brayeth. + Y y + + _Tabanus_ dicit, ds ds + The _Breeze_ or _Horse-flie_ saith. + Z z + + + + + II. + + God. + Deus. + + [Illustration] + + + _God_ is of himself + from everlasting to everlasting. + _Deus_ est ex seipso, + ab æterno in æternum. + + A most perfect + and a most blessed _Being_. + Perfectissimum + & beatissimum _Ens_. + + In his _Essence_ Spiritual, + and One. + _Essentiâ_ Spiritualis + & unus. + + In his _Personality_, Three. + _Hypostasi_ Trinus. + + In his _Will_, Holy, Just, + Merciful and True. + _Voluntate_, Sanctus, Justus, + Clemens, Verax. + + In his _Power_ very great. + _Potentiâ_ maximus. + + In his _Goodness_, very good. + _Bonitate_ Optimus. + + In his _Wisdom_, unmeasurable. + _Sapientiâ_, immensus. + + A _Light_ inaccessible; + and yet all in all. + _Lux_ inaccessa; + & tamen omnia in omnibus. + + Every where, and no where. + Ubique & nullibi. + + The chiefest _Good_, and + the only and inexhausted + Fountain of all good things. + Summum _Bonum_, et + solus et inexhaustus + Fons omnium Bonorum. + + As the _Creator_, so the + _Governour_ and _Preserver_ + of all things, which we call + the _World_. + Ut _Creator_, ita + _Gubernator_ et _Conservator_ + omnium rerum, quas vocamus + _Mundum_. + + + + + III. + + The World. + Mundus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Heaven_, 1. + hath _Fire_, and _Stars_. + _Cœlum_, 1. + habet _Ignem_ & _Stellas_. + + The _Clouds_, 2. + hang in the _Air_. + _Nubes_, 2. + pendent in _Aere_. + + _Birds_, 3. + fly under the Clouds. + _Aves_, 3. + volant sub nubibus. + + _Fishes_, 4. + swim in the _Water_. + _Pisces_, 4. + natant in _Aqua_. + + The _Earth_ hath _Hills_, 5. + _Woods_, 6. _Fields_, 7. + _Beasts_, 8. and _Men_, 9. + _Terra_ habet _Montes_, 5. + _Sylvas_, 6. _Campos_, 7. + _Animalia_, 8. _Homines_, 9. + + Thus the greatest _Bodies_ + of the World, + the four _Elements_, + are full of + their own Inhabitants. + Ita maxima _Corpora_ + Mundi, + quatuor _Elementa_, + sunt plena + Habitatoribus suis. + + + + + IV. + + The Heaven. + Cœlum. + + [Illustration] + + + _The Heaven_, 1. + is wheeled about, and + encompasseth the _Earth_, 2. + standing in the middle. + _Cœlum_, 1. + rotatur, & + ambit _Terram_, 2. + stantem in medio. + + The _Sun_, 3. + wheresoever it is, + shineth perpetually, + howsoever dark _Clouds_, 4. + may take it from us; + _Sol_, 3. + ubi ubi est, + fulget perpetuo, + ut ut _densa Nubila_, 4. + eripiant eum a nobis; + and causeth by his _Rays_, 5. + _Light_, and the Light, _Day_. + facitque suis _Radiis_, 5. + _Lucem_, Lux _Diem_. + + On the other side, over against it, + is _Darkness_, 6. + and thence _Night_. + Ex opposito, + sunt _Tenebræ_, 6. + inde _Nox_. + + In the Night + shineth the _Moon_, 7. + and the _Stars_, 8. + glister and twinkle. + Nocte + splendet _Luna_, 7. + & _Stellæ_, 8. + micant, scintillant. + + In the Evening, 9. + is _Twilight_: + Vesperi, 9. + est _Crepusculum_: + + In the _Morning_, 10. + the breaking, + and dawning of the Day. + Manè + Aurora, 10. + & Diluculum. + + + + + V. + + Fire. + Ignis. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Fire_ gloweth, burneth + and consumeth to ashes. + _Ignis_ ardet, urit, + cremat. + + A _spark_ of it struck out + of a _Flint_ (or Firestone), 2. + by means of a _Steel_, 1. + and taken by _Tynder_ + in a _Tynder-box_, 3. + lighteth a _Match_, 4. + _Scintilla_ ejus elisa + e _Silice_, (Pyrite) 2. + Ope _Chalybis_, 1. + et excepta a _Fomite_ + in _Suscitabulo_, 3. + accendit _Sulphuratum_, 4. + and after that a _Candle_, 5. + or _stick_, 6. + and causeth a _flame_, 7. + or _blaze_, 8. + which catcheth hold of + the Houses. + et inde _Candelam_, 5. + vel _Lignum_, 6. + et excitat _Flammam_, 7. + vel _Incendium_, 8. + quod corripit + Ædificia. + + _Smoak_, 9. + ascendeth therefrom, + which, sticking to + the _Chimney_, 10. + turneth into _Soot_. + _Fumus_, 9. + ascendit inde, + qui, adhærans + _Camino_, 10. + abit in _Fuliginem_. + + Of a _Fire-brand_, + (or burning stick) + is made a _Brand_, 11. + (or quenched stick). + Ex _Torre_, + (ligno ardente,) + fit _Titio_, 11. + (lignum extinctum.) + + Of a _hot Coal_ + (red hot piece + of a Fire-brand) + is made a _Coal_, 12. + (or a _dead Cinder_). + Ex _Pruna_, + (candente particulâ + Torris,) + fit _Carbo_, 12. + (_Particula mortua_.) + + That which remaineth, + is at last _Ashes_, 13. + and _Embers_ (or hot _Ashes_). + Quod remanet, + tandem est _Cinis_, 13. + & _Favilla_ (ardens _Cinis_.) + + + + + VI. + + The Air. + Aër. + + [Illustration] + + + A cool _Air_, 1. + breatheth gently. + _Aura_, 1. + spirat leniter. + + The _Wind_, 2. + bloweth strongly. + _Ventus_, 2. + flat valide. + + A _Storm_, 3. + throweth down Trees. + _Procella_, 3. + sternit Arbores. + + A _Whirl-wind_, 4. + turneth it self + in a round compass. + _Turbo_, 4. + agit se + in gyrum. + + A Wind _under Ground_, 5. + causeth an _Earthquake_. + Ventus _subterraneus_, 5. + excitat _Terræ motum_. + + An Earthquake causeth + gapings of the Earth, + (and falls of Houses.) 6. + Terræ motus facit + Labes (& ruinas.) 6. + + + + + VII. + + The Water. + Aqua. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Water_ springeth + out of a _Fountain_, 1. + floweth downwards + in a _Brook_, 2. + runneth in a _Beck_, 3. + _Aqua_ scatet + è _Fonte_, 1. + defluit + in _Torrente_, 2. + manat in _Rivo_, 3. + standeth in a _Pond_, 4. + glideth in a _Stream_, 5. + is whirled about + in a _Whirl-pit_, 6. + and causeth _Fens_, 7. + stat in _Stagno_, 4. + fluit in _Flumine_, 5. + gyratur + in _Vortice_, 6. + & facit _Paludes_, 7. + + The _River_ hath _Banks_, 8. + Flumen habet _Ripas_. + + The _Sea_ maketh _Shores_, 9. + _Bays_, 10. _Capes_, 11. + _Islands_, 12. + _Almost Islands_, 13. + _Mare_ facit _Littora_, 9. + _Sìnus_, 10. _Promontoria_, 11. + _Insulas_, 12. + _Peninsulas_, 13. + _Necks of Land_, 14. + _Straights_, 15. + and hath in it _Rocks_, 16. + _Isthmos_, 14. + _Freta_, 15. + & habet _Scopulos_, 16. + + + + + VIII. + + The Clouds. + Nubes. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Vapour_, 1. ascendeth + from the _Water_. + _Vapor_, 1. ascendit + ex _Aquâ_. + + From it a _Cloud_, 2. + is made, and a _white Mist_, 3. + near the Earth. + Inde _Nubes_, 2. + fit, et _Nebula_, 3. + prope terram. + + _Rain_, 4. + and a small _Shower_ + distilleth out of a _Cloud_, + drop by drop. + _Pluvia_, 4. + et _Imber_, + stillat e _Nube_, + guttatim. + + Which being frozen, is _Hail_, 5. + half frozen is _Snow_, 6. + being warm is _Mel-dew_. + Quæ gelata, _Grando_, 5. + semigelata, _Nix_, 6. + calefacta, _Rubigo_ est. + + In a rainy Cloud, + set over against the Sun + the _Rainbow_, 7. appeareth. + In nube pluviosâ, + oppositâ soli + _Iris_, 7. apparet. + + A _drop_ falling into the water + maketh a _Bubble_, 8. + many _Bubbles_ make + froth, 9. + _Gutta_ incidens in aquam, + facit _Bullam_, 8. + multæ _Bullæ_ faciunt + spumam, 9. + + Frozen Water + is called _Ice_, 10. + _Dew_ congealed, + is called a _white Frost_. + Aqua congelata + _Glacies_, 10. + _Ros_ congelatus, + dicitur _Pruina_. + + _Thunder_ is made of + a brimstone-like _vapour_, + which breaking out of a Cloud, + with _Lightning_, 11. + thundereth and + striketh with lightning. + _Tonitru_ fit ex + _Vapore_ sulphureo, + quod erumpens è Nube + cum _Fulgure_, 11. + tonat & + fulminat. + + + + + IX. + + The Earth. + Terra. + + [Illustration] + + + In the _Earth_ + are high _Mountains_, 1. + Deep _Vallies_, 2. + _Hills_ rising, 3. + In _Terra_ + sunt Alti _Montes_, 1. + Profundæ _valles_, 2. + Elevati Colles, 3. + Hollow Caves, 4. + Plain _Fields_, 5. + Shady _Woods_, 6. + cavæ Speluncæ, 4. + Plani _campi_, 5. + Opacæ Sylvæ, 6. + + + + + X. + + The Fruits of the Earth. + Terræ Fœtus. + + [Illustration] + + + A _meadow_, 1. + yieldeth _grass_ + with _Flowers_ and _Herbs_, + which being cut down, + are made _Hay_, 2. + _Pratum_, 1. + fert _Gramina_, + cum _Floribus_ & _Herbis_ + quæ defecta + fiunt _Fænum_, 2. + + A _Field_, 3. yieldeth _Corn_, + and _Pot-herbs_, 4. + _Arvum_, 3. fert _Fruges_, + & _Olera_, 4. + + _Mushrooms_, 5. + _Straw-berries_, 6. + _Myrtle-trees_, &c. + _come up_ in Woods. + _Fungi_, 5. + _Fraga_, 6. + _Myrtilli_, &c. + _Proveniunt_ in Sylvis. + + _Metals_, _Stones_, and + _Minerals_ + grow _under the earth_. + _Metalla_, _Lapides_, + _Mineralia_, + _nascuntur sub terra_. + + + + + XI. + + Metals. + Metalla. + + [Illustration] + + + _Lead_, 1. + is soft, and heavy. + _Plumbum_, 1. + est molle & grave. + + _Iron_, 2. is hard, + and _Steel_, 3. harder. + _Ferrum_, 2. est durum, + & _Calybs_, 3. durior. + + They make _Tankards_ + (or _Cans_), 4. of _Tin_. + _Kettles_, 5. of _Copper_, + _Candlesticks_, 6. of _Latin_, + Faciunt _Cantharos_, 4. + e _Stanno_. + _Ahena_, 5, e _Cupro_, + _Candelabra_, 6. ex _Orichalco_, + _Dollers_, 7. of _Silver_, + _Ducats_ and _Crown-pieces_, 8. + of Gold. + _Thaleros_, 7. ex _Argento_, + _Scutatos_ et _Coronatos_, 8. + Ex, _Auro_. + + _Quick-silver_ + is always liquid, + and eateth thorow _Metals_. + _Argentum Vivum_, + semper liquet, + & corrodit _Metalla_. + + + + + XII. + + Stones. + Lapides. + + [Illustration] + + + _Sand_, 1. and _Gravel_, 2. + is _Stone_ broken into bits. + _Arena_, 1. & _Sabulum_, 2. + est _Lapis_ comminutus. + + A _great Stone_, 3. + is a piece of + a _Rock_ (or Crag) 4. + _Saxum_, 3. + est pars + _Petræ_ (Cautis) 4. + + A _Whetstone_, 5. + a _Flint_, 6. a _Marble_, 7. &c. + are ordinary Stones. + _Cos_, 5. + _Silex_, 6. _Marmor_, 7. &c. + sunt obscuri Lapides. + + A _Load-stone_, 8. + draweth Iron to it. + _Magnes_, 8. + adtrahit ferrum. + + _Jewels_, 9. + are clear Stones, as + _Gemmæ_, 9. + sunt pellucidi Lapilli, + + The _Diamond_ white + ut _Adamas_ candidus, + + The _Ruby_ red, + _Rubinus_ rubeus, + + The _Sapphire_ blue, + _Sapphirus_ cæruleus, + + The _Emerald_ green, + _Smaragdus_ viridis, + + The _Jacinth_ yellow, &c. + _Hyacynthus_ luteus, &c. + + And they glister + being cut into corners. + et micant + angulati. + + _Pearls_ and _Unions_, 10. + grow in Shell-fish. + _Margaritæ_ & _Uniones_, 10. + crescunt in Conchis. + + _Corals_, 11. + in a Sea-shrub. + _Corallia_, 11. + in Marinâ arbusculâ. + + _Amber_, 12. is gathered + from the Sea. + _Succinum_, 12. colligitur + è mari. + + _Glass_, 13, is like + _Chrystal_. + _Vitrum_, 13. simile est + _Chrystallo_. + + + + + XIII. + + Tree. + Arbor. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Plant_, 1. groweth + from a _Seed_. + _Planta_, 1. procrescit + e _Semine_. + + A plant waxeth + to a _Shoot_, 2. + Planta abit + in _Fruticem_, 2. + + A _Shoot_ to a _Tree_, 3. + _Frutex_ in _Arborem_, 3. + + The _Root_, 4. + beareth up the Tree. + _Radix_, 4. + Sustentat arborem. + + The _Body_ or _Stem_, 5. + riseth from the Root. + _Stirps_ (_Stemma_) 5. + Surgit e radice. + + The _Stem_ divideth it self + into _Boughs_, 6. + and green _Branches_, 7. + made of _Leaves_, 8. + _Stirps_ se dividit + in _Ramos_, 6. + & _Frondes_, 7. + factas e _Foliis_, 8. + + The _top_, 9. + is in the height. + _Cacumen_, 9. + est in summo. + + The _Stock_, 10. + is close to the roots. + _Truncus_, 10. + adhærat radicibus. + + A _Log_, 11. + is the body fell’d down + without Boughs; having + _Bark_ and _Rind_, 12. + _Pith_ and _Heart_, 13. + _Caudex_, 11. + est Stipes dejectus, + sine ramis; habens + _Corticem_ & _Librum_, 12. + _pulpam_ & _medullam_, 13. + + _Bird-lime_, 14. + groweth upon the boughs, + which also sweat + _Gumm_, + _Rosin_, + _Pitch_, &c. + _Viscum_, 14. + adnascitur _ramis_, + qui etiam sudant, + _Gummi_, + _Resinam_, + _Picem_, &c. + + + + + XIV. + + Fruits of Trees. + Fructus Arborum. + + [Illustration] + + + _Fruits_ that have no shells + are pull’d from + fruit-bearing trees. + _Poma_ + decerpuntur, a + fructiferis arboribus. + + The _Apple_, 1. is round. + _Malum_, 1. est rotundum. + + The _Pear_, 2. and _Fig_, 3. + are something long. + _Pyrum_, 2. & _Ficus_, 3. + sunt oblonga. + + The _Cherry_, 4. + hangeth by a long start. + _Cerasum_, 4. + pendet longo _Pediolo_. + + The _Plumb_, 5. + and _Peach_, 6. + by a shorter. + _Prunum_, 5. + & _Persicum_, 6. + breviori. + + The _Mulberry_, 7. + by a very short one. + _Morum_, 7. + brevissimo. + + The _Wall-nut_, 8. + the _Hazel-nut_, 9. + and _Chest-nut_, 10. + are wrapped in a _husk_ + and a _Shell_. + _Nux Juglans_, 8. + _Avellana_, 9. + & _Castanea_, 10. + involuta sunt _Cortici_ + & _Putamini_. + + Barren trees are 11. + The _Firr_, the _Alder_, + The _Birch_, the _Cypress_, + The _Beech_, the _Ash_, + Steriles arbores sunt 11. + _Abies_, _Alnus_, + _Betula_, _Cupressus_, + _Fagus_, _Fraxinus_, + The _Sallow_, the _Linden-tree_, + &c., but most of them + affording shade. + _Salix_, _Tilia_, + &c. sed pleræque + umbriferæ. + + But the _Juniper_, 12. + and _Bay-tree_, 13. + yield _Berries_. + At _Juniperus_, 12. + & _Laurus_, 13. + ferunt _Baccas_. + + The _Pine_, 14. _Pine-apples_. + _Pinus_, 14. _Strobilos_. + + The _Oak_, 15. + _Acorns_ and _Galls_. + _Quercus_, 15. + _Glandes_ & _Gallas_. + + + + + XV. + + Flowers. + Flores. + + [Illustration] + + + Amongst the Flowers + the most noted, + Inter flores + notissimi, + + In the beginning + of the Spring are + the _Violet_, 1. the _Crow-toes_, 2. + the _Daffodil_, 3. + Primo vere, + _Viola_, 1. _Hyacinthus_, 2. + _Narcissus_, 3. + + Then the _Lillies_, 4. + white and yellow + and blew, 5. + and the _Rose_, 6. and the + _Clove-gilliflowers_, 7. &c. + Tum _Lilia_, 4. + alba & lutea, + & cœrulea, 5. + tandem _Rosa_, 6. & + _Caryophillum_, 7. &c. + + Of these _Garlands_, 8. + and _Nosegays_, 9. + are tyed round with twigs. + Ex his _Serta_, 8. + & _Serviæ_, 9. + vientur. + + There are added also + _sweet herbs_, 10. + as _Marjoram_, + _Flower gentle_, _Rue_, + _Lavender_, + _Rosemary_. + Adduntur etiam + _Herbæ odoratæ_, 10. + ut _Amaracus_, + _Amaranthus_, _Ruta_, + _Lavendula_, + _Rosmarinus_, (Libanotis). + _Hysop_, _Spike_, + _Basil_, _Sage_, + _Mints_, &c. + _Hypossus_, _Nard_, + _Ocymum_, _Salvia_, + _Menta_, &c. + + Amongst Field-flowers, 11. + the most noted are + the _May-lillie_, + _Germander_, the _Blew-Bottle_, + _Chamomel_, &c. + Inter Campestres Flores, 11. + notissimi sunt + _Lilium Convallium_, + _Chamædrys_, _Cyanus_, + _Chamæmelum_, &c. + + And amongst Herbs, + _Trefoil_. + _Wormwood_, _Sorrel_, + the _Nettle_, &c. + Et Herbæ, + _Cytisus_ (Trifolium) + _Absinthium_, _Acetosa_, + _Urtica_, &c. + + The _Tulip_, 12. + is the grace of flowers, + but affording no smell. + _Tulipa_, 12. + est decus Florum, + sed expers odoris. + + + + + XVI. + + Potherbs. + Olera. + + [Illustration] + + + _Pot-herbs_ + grow in Gardens, + as _Lettice_, 1. + _Colewort_, 2. + _Onions_, 3. _Garlick_, 4. + _Gourd_, 5. + _Olera_ + nascuntur in hortis, + ut _Lactuca_, 1. + _Brassica_, 2. + _Cepa_, 3. _Allium_, 4. + _Cucurbita_, 5. + The _Parsnep_, 6. + The _Turnep_, 7. + The _Radish_, 8. + _Horse-radish_, 9. + _Siser_, 6. + _Rapa_, 7. + _Raphanus minor_, 8. + _Raphanus major_, 9. + _Parsly_, 10. + _Cucumbers_, 11. + and _Pompions_, 12. + _Petroselinum_, 10. + _Cucumeres_, 11. + _Pepones_, 12. + + + + + XVII. + + Corn. + Fruges. + + [Illustration] + + + Some _Corn_ grows + upon a _straw_, + parted by _knots_, + _Frumenta_ quædam crescunt + super _culmum_, + distinctum _geniculis_, + as _Wheat_, 1. + _Rie_, 2, _Barley_, 3. + in which the _Ear_ hath _awnes_, + ut, _Triticum_, 1. + _Siligo_, 2. _Hordeum_, 3. + in quibus _Spica_ habet _Aristas_, + or else it is without awnes, + and it nourisheth the _Corn_ + in the _Husk_. + aut est mutica, + fovetque _grana_ + in _gluma_. + + Some instead of an ear, + have a _rizom_ (or plume) + containing the corn + by bunches, + as _Oats_, 4. _Millet_, 5. + _Turkey-wheat_, 6. + Quædam pro Spica, + habent _Paniculam_, + continentem grana + fasciatim, + ut, _Avena_, 4. _Milium_, 5. + _Frumentum Saracenicum_, 6. + + _Pulse_ have _Cods_, + which enclose the corns + in two _Shales_, + _Legumina_ habent _Siliquas_, + quæ includunt grana + _valvulis_, + as _Pease_, 7. + _Beans_, 8. _Vetches_, 9. and + those that are less than these + _Lentils_ and _Urles_ + (or Tares). + ut, _Pisum_, 7. + _Fabæ_, 8. _Vicia_, 9. & + minores his + _Lentes_ & _Cicera_. + + + + + XVIII. + + Shrubs. + Frutices. + + [Illustration] + + + A plant being greater, + and harder than an herb, + is called a _Shrub_: + such as are + Planta major + & durior herba, + dicitur _Frutex_: + ut sunt + + In Banks and Ponds, + the _Rush_, 1. + the _Bulrush_, 2. + or Cane without knots + In ripis & stagnis, + _Juncus_, 1. + _Scirpus_, 2. + [Canna] _enodis_ + bearing _Cats-tails_, + and the _Reed_, 3. + which is knotty and hollow + within. + ferens _Typhos_, + & _Arundo_, 3. + nodosa et cava + intus. + + Elsewhere, 4. the _Rose_, + the _Bastard-Corinths_, + the _Elder_, the _Juniper_. + Alibi, 4. _Rosa_, + _Ribes_, + _Sambucus_, _Juniperus_, + + Also the _Vine_, 5. which + putteth forth _branches_, 6. + and these _tendrels_, 7. + Item _Vitis_, 5. quæ + emittit _Palmites_, 6. + et hi _Capreolos_, 7. + _Vine-leaves_, 8. + and Bunches of grapes, 9. + on the stock whereof + hang _Grapes_, + which contain _Grape-stones_. + _Pampinos_, 8. + et _Racemos_, 9. + quorum Scapo + pendent _Uvæ_, + continentes _Acinos_. + + + + + XIX. + + Living-Creatures: and First, Birds. + Animalia: & primum, Aves + + [Illustration] + + + A _living Creature_ liveth, + perceiveth, moveth it self; + is born, dieth, + is nourished, and groweth: + standeth, or sitteth, + or lieth, or goeth. + _Animal_ vivit, + sentit, movet se; + nascitur, moritur, + nutritur, & crescit; + stat, aut sedet, + aut cubat, aut graditur. + + A _Bird_, + (here the King’s _Fisher_, 1. + making her nest in the Sea.) + _Avis_, + (hic _Halcyon_, 1. + in mari nidulans.) + is covered with _Feathers_, 2. + flyeth with _Wings_, 3. + hath two _Pinions_, 4. + as many _Feet_, 5. + a _Tail_, 6. + and a _Bill_, 7. + tegitur _Plumis_, 2. + volat _Pennis_, 3. + habet duas _Alas_, 4. + totidem _Pedes_, 5. + _Caudam_, 6. + & _Rostrum_, 7. + + The _Shee_, 8. + _layeth_ Eggs, 10. + in a nest, 9. + and sitting upon them, + hatcheth _young ones_, 11. + _Fæmella_, 8. + _ponit_ Ova, 10. + in nido, 9. + et incubans iis, + excludit _Pullos_, 11. + + An _Egg_ is cover’d + with a _Shell_, 12. + under which is + the _White_, 13. + in this the _Yolk_, 14. + _Ovum_ tegitur + _testa_, 12. + sub qua est + _Albumen_, 13. + in hoc _Vitellus_, 14. + + + + + XX. + + Tame Fowls. + Aves Domesticæ. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Cock_, 1. (which + croweth in the Morning.) + hath a _Comb_, 2. + and _Spurs_, 3. + _Gallus_, 1. (qui + cantat mane.) + habet _Cristam_, 2. + & _Calcaria_, 3. + being gelded, he is called + a _Capon_, and is crammed + in a _Coop_, 4. + castratus dicitur + _Capo_ & saginatur + in _Ornithotrophico_, 4. + + A _Hen_, 5. + scrapeth the _Dunghil_, + and picketh up Corns: + _Gallina_, 5. + ruspatur _fimetum_, + & colligit grana: + as also the _Pigeons_, 6. + (which are brought up in + a _Pigeon-house_, 7.) + and the _Turkey-cock_, 8. + with his _Turkey-hen_, 9. + sicut & _Columbæ_, 6, + (quæ educantur in + _Columbario_, 7.) + & _Gallopavus_, 8. + cum sua _Meleagride_, 9. + + The gay _Peacock_, 10. + prideth in his Feathers. + Formosus _Pavo_, 10. + superbit pennis. + + The _Stork_, 11. + buildeth her nest + on the top of the House. + _Ciconia_, 11. + nidificat + in tecto. + + The _Swallow_, 12. + the _Sparrow_, 13. + the _Mag-pie_, 14. + the _Jackdaw_, 15. + _Hirundo_, 12. + _Passer_, 13. + _Pica_, 14. + _Monedula_, 15. + and the _Bat_, 16. + (or Flettermouse) + use to flie about Houses. + & _Vespertilio_, 16. + (Mus alatus) + volitant circa Domus. + + + + + XXI. + + Singing-Birds. + Oscines. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Nightingal_, 1. + singeth the sweetlyest of all. + _Luscinia_ (_Philomela_), 1. + cantat suavissime omnium. + + The _Lark_, 2. singeth + as she flyeth in the Air. + _Alauda_, 2. cantillat + volitans in aere; + + The _Quail_, 3. + sitting on the ground; + _Coturnix_, 3. + sedens humi; + + others on the boughs of trees, 4. + as the _Canary-bird_, + the _Chaffinch_, + the _Goldfinch_, + Cæteræ, in ramis arborum, 4. + ut _Luteola_ peregrina. + _Fringilla_, + _Carduelis_, + the _Siskin_, + the _Linnet_, + the little _Titmouse_, + the _Wood-wall_, + the _Robin-red-breast_, + the _Hedge-sparrow_, &c. + _Acanthis_, + _Linaria_, + parvus _Parus_, + _Galgulus_, + _Rubecula_, + _Curruca_, &c. + + The party colour’d _Parret_, 5. + the _Black-bird_, 6. + the _Stare_, 7. + with the _Mag-pie_ + and the _Jay_, learn + to frame men’s words. + Discolor _Psittacus_, 5. + _Merula_, 6. + _Sturnus_, 7. + cum _Pica_, + & _Monedula_, discunt + humanas voces formare + + A great many are wont + to be shut in _Cages_, 8. + Pleræque solent + includi _Caveis_, 8. + + + + + XXII. + + Birds that haunt the Fields and Woods. + Aves Campestres & Sylvestres + + [Illustration] + + + The _Ostrich_, 1. + is the greatest Bird. + _Struthio_, 1. + ales est maximus. + + The _Wren_, 2. + is the least. + _Regulus_, 2. + (Trochilus) minimus. + + The _Owl_, 3. + is the most despicable. + _Noctua_, 3. + despicatissimus. + + The _Whoopoo_, 4. + is the most nasty, + for it eateth dung. + _Upupa_, 4. + sordidissimus, + vescitur enim stercoribus. + + The _Bird of Paradise_, 5. + is very rare. + _Manucodiata_, 5. + rarissimus. + + The _Pheasant_, 6. + the _Bustard_, 7. + the deaf wild _Peacock_, 8. + _Phasianus_, 6. + _Tarda_ (Otis), 7. + surdus, _Tetrao_, 8. + the _Moor-hen_, 9. + the _Partrige_, 10. + the _Woodcock_, 11. + and the _Thrush_, 12. + are counted Dainties. + _Attagen_, 9. + _Perdix_, 10. + _Gallinago_ (Rusticola), 11. + & _Turdus_, 12, + habentur in deliciis. + + Among the rest, + the best are, + the watchful _Crane_, 13. + the mournful _Turtle_, 14. + Inter reliquas, + potissimæ sunt, + _Grus_ 13. pervigil. + _Turtur_, 14. gemens. + the _Cuckow_, 15. + the _Stock-dove_, + the _Speight_, + the _Jay_, + the _Crow_, &c., 16. + _Cuculus_, 15. + _Palumbes_, + _Picus_, + _Garrulus_, + _Cornix_, &c., 16. + + + + + XXIII. + + Ravenous Birds. + Aves Rapaces. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Eagle_, 1. + the King of Birds + looketh upon the Sun, + _Aquila_, 1. + Rex Avium, + intuetur Solem. + + The _Vulture_, 2. + and the _Raven_, 3. + feed upon _Carrion_. + _Vultur_, 2. + & _Corvus_, 3. + pascuntur _morticinis_, + [cadaveribus.] + + The _Kite_, 4. pursueth + Chickens. + _Milvus_, 4. insectatur + pullos gallinaceos. + + The _Falcon_, 5. + the _Hobbie_, 6. + and the _Hawk_, 7. + catch at little Birds. + _Falco_, 5, + _Nisus_, 6. + & _Accipiter_, 7. + captant aviculas. + + The _Gerfalcon_, 8. catcheth + Pigeons and greater Birds. + _Astur_, 8. captat + columbas & aves majores. + + + + + XXIV. + + Water-Fowl. + Aves Aquaticæ. + + [Illustration] + + + The white _Swan_, 1. + the _Goose_, 2. + and the _Duck_, 3. + swim up and down. + _Oler_, 1. candidus, + _Anser_, 2. + & _Anas_, 3. + natant. + + The _Cormorant_, 4. + diveth. + _Mergus_, 4. + se mergit. + + Add to these the water-hen, + and the _Pelican_, &c., 10. + Adde his Fulicam, + _Pelecanum_, &c., 10. + + The _Osprey_, 5. + and the _Sea-mew_, 6. + flying downwards + use to catch Fish, + but the _Heron_, 7. + standing on the Banks. + _Haliæetus_, 5. + & _Gavia_, 6. + devolantes, + captant pisces, + sed _Ardea_, 7. + stans in ripis. + + The _Bittern_, 8. putteth + his Bill in the water, + and belloweth like an Ox. + _Butio_, 8. inferit + rostrum aquæ, + & mugit ut bos. + + The _Water-wagtail_, 9. + waggeth the tail. + _Motacilla_, 9. + motat caudam. + + + + + XXV. + + Flying Vermin. + Insecta volantia. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Bee_, 1. maketh honey + which the _Drone_, 2. devoureth. + _Apis_, 1. facit mel + quod _Fucus_, 2. depascit + + The _Wasp_, 3. + and the _Hornet_, 4. + molest with a sting; + _Vespa_, 3. + & _Crabro_, 4. + infestant oculeo; + and the _Gad-Bee_ + (or Breese), 5. + especially _Cattel_; + but the _Fly_, 6. + and the _Gnat_, 7. us. + & _Oestrum_ + (Asilus), 5. + imprimis _pecus_. + autem _Musca_, 6. + & _Culex_, 7. nos. + + The _Cricket_, 8. singeth. + _Gryllus_, 8. _cantillat_. + + The _Butterfly_, 9. is a + winged _Caterpillar_. + _Papillio_, 9. est + alata _Eruca_. + + The _Beetle_, 10. covereth + her wings with _Cases_. + _Scarabæus_, 10. tegit + alas _vaginis_. + + The _Glow-worm_, 11. + shineth by night. + _Cicindela_ [Lampyris], 11. + nitet noctu. + + + + + XXVI. + + Four-Footed Beasts: and First those about the House. + Quadrupeda: & primum Domestica. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Dog_, 1. + with the _Whelp_, 2. + is keeper of the House. + _Canis_, 1. + cum _Catello_, 2. + est custos Domûs. + + The _Cat_, 3. + riddeth the House + of _Mice_, 4. + which also + a _Mouse-trap_, 5. doth. + _Felis_ (Catus) 3. + purgat domum + à _Muribus_, 4. + quod etiam + _Muscipula_, 5. facit. + + A _Squirrel_, 6. + The _Ape_, 7. + and the _Monkey_, 8. + are kept at home + for delight. + _Sciurus_, 6. + _Simia_, 7. + & _Cercopithecus_, 8. + habentur domi + delectamento. + + The _Dormouse_, 9. and + other greater Mice, 10. + as, the _Weesel_, the _Marten_, + and the _Ferret_, + trouble the House, + _Glis_, 9. & + cæteri Mures majores, 10. + ut, _Mustela_, _Martes_, + _Viverra_, + infestant domum. + + + + + XXVII. + + Herd-Cattle. + Pecora. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Bull_, 1. the _Cow_, 2. + and the _Calf_, 3. + are covered with hair. + _Taurus_, 1. _Vacca_, 2. + & _Vitulus_, 3. + teguntur pilis. + + The _Ram_, the _Weather_, 4. + the _Ewe_, 5. and the _Lamb_, 6. + bear wool. + _Aries_, _Vervex_, 4. + _Ovis_, 5. cum _Agno_, 6. + gestant lanam. + + The _He-goat_, the _Gelt-goat_, 7. + with the _She-goat_, 8. + and _Kid_, 9. have + _shag-hair_ and _beards_. + _Hircus_, _Caper_, 7. + cum _Capra_, 8. + & _Hædo_, 9. habent. + _Villos_ & _aruncos_. + + The _Hog_, the _Sow_, 10. + and the _Pigs_, 11. + have _bristles_, + but not _horns_; + but also _cloven feet_ + as those others (have.) + _Porcus_, _Scrofa_, 10. + cum _Porcellis_, 11. + habent _Setas_, + at non _Cornua_; + sed etiam _Ungulas bisulcas_ + ut illa. + + + + + XXVIII. + + Labouring-Beasts. + Jumenta. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Ass_, 1. + and the _Mule_, 2. + carry burthens. + _Asinus_, 1. + & _Mulus_, 2. + gestant Onera. + + The _Horse_, 3. + (which a _Mane_, 4. graceth) + carryeth us. + _Equus_, 3. + (quam _Juba_, 4. ornat) + gestat nos ipsos. + + The _Camel_, 5. + carryeth the Merchant + with his Ware. + _Camelus_, 5. + gestat Mercatorem + cum mercibus suis. + + The _Elephant_, 6. + draweth his meat to him + with his _Trunk_, 7. + _Elephas_, (Barrus) 6. + attrahit pabulum + _Proboscide_, 7. + + He hath two _Teeth_, 8. + standing out, + and is able to carry + full thirty men. + Habet duos _dentes_, 8. + prominentes, + & potest portare + etiam triginta viros. + + + + + XXIX. + + Wild-Cattle. + Feræ Pecudes. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Buff_, 1. + and the _Buffal_, 2. + are wild Bulls. + _Urus_, 1. + & _Bubalus_, 2. + sunt feri Boves. + + The _Elke_, 3. + being bigger than an Horse + (whose back is impenetrable) + hath knaggy horns + as also the _Hart_, 4. + _Alces_, 3. + major equo + (cujus tergus est impenetrabilis) + habet ramosa cornua: + ut & _Cervus_, 4. + + but the _Roe_, 5. and + the _Hind-calf_, almost none. + Sed _Caprea_, 5. cum + _Hinnulo_, ferè nulla. + + The _Stone-back_, 6. + huge great ones. + _Capricornus_, 6. + prægrandia; + + The _Wild-goat_, 7. + hath very little ones, + by which she hangeth + her self on a Rock. + _Rupicapra_, 7. + minuta, + quibus suspendit + se ad rupem. + + The _Unicorn_, 8. + hath but one, + but that a precious one. + _Monoceros_, 8. + habet unum, + sed pretiosum. + + The _Boar_, 9. + assaileth one with his tushes. + _Aper_, 9. + grassatur dentibus. + + The _Hare_, 10. is fearful. + _Lepus_, 10. pavet. + + The _Cony_, 11. + diggeth the Earth. + _Cuniculus_, 11. + perfodit terram; + + As also the _Mole_, 12. + which maketh hillocks. + Ut & _Talpa_, 12. + quæ facit grumos. + + + + + XXX. + + Wild-Beasts. + Feræ Bestiæ. + + [Illustration] + + + _Wild Beasts_ have + sharp paws, and teeth, + and are flesh eaters. + _Bestiæ_ habent + acutos ungues, & dentes, + suntque carnivoræ, + + As the _Lyon_, 1. + the King of four-footed Beasts, + having a mane; + with the _Lioness_. + Ut _Leo_, 1. + Rex quadrupedum, + jubatus; + cum _Leænâ_. + + The spotted _Panther_, 2. + Maculosus, _Pardo_ (Panthera) 2. + + The _Tyger_, 3. + the cruellest of all. + _Tygris_, 3. + immanissima omnium. + + The Shaggy _Bear_, 4. + Villosus _Ursus_, 4. + + The ravenous _Wolf_, 5. + Rapax _Lupus_, 5. + + The quick sighted _Ounce_, 6. + _Lynx_, 6. visu pollens, + + The tayled _fox_, 7. + the craftiest of all. + Caudata _Vulpes_, 7. + astutissima _omnium_. + + The _Hedge-hog_, 8. + is prickly. + _Erinaceus_, 8. + est aculeatus. + + The _Badger_, 9. + delighteth in holes. + _Melis_, 9. + gaudet latebris. + + + + + XXXI. + + Serpents and Creeping things. + Serpentes & Reptilia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Snakes_ creep + by winding themselves; + _Angues_ repunt + sinuando se; + + The _Adder_, 1. + in the wood; + _Coluber_, 1. + in Sylvâ; + + The _Water-snake_, 2. + in the water; + _Natrix_, (hydra) 2. + in Aquâ; + + The _Viper_, 3. + amongst great stones. + _Vipera_, 3. + in saxis; + + The _Asp_, 4. in the fields. + _Aspis_, 4, in campis. + + The _Boa_, (or Mild-snake) 5. + in Houses. + _Boa_, 5. + in Domibus. + + The _Slow-worm_, 6. + is blind. + _Cæcilia_, 6. + est cœca. + + The _Lizzard_, 7. + and the _Salamander_, 8. + (that liveth long in fire) + have feet. + _Lacerta_, 7. + _Salamandra_, 8. + (in igne vivax,) + habent pedes. + + The _Dragon_, 9. + _a winged Serpent_, + killeth with his Breath. + _Draco_, 9. + _Serpens alatus_, + necat halitu. + + The _Basilisk_, 10. + with his Eyes; + _Basiliscus_, 10. + Oculis; + + And the _Scorpion_, 11. + with his poysonous tail. + _Scorpio_, 11. + venenatâ caudâ. + + + + + XXXII. + + Crawling-Vermin. + Insecta repentia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Worms_ gnaw _things_. + _Vermes_, rodunt _res_. + + The _Earth-worm_, 1. + the Earth. + _Lumbricus_, 1. + terram. + + The _Caterpillar_, 2. + the Plant. + _Eruca_, 2. + plantam. + + The _Grashopper_, 3. + the Fruits. + _Cicada_, 3. + Fruges. + + The _Mite_, 4. the Corn. + _Circulio_, 4. Frumenta. + + The _Timber-worm_, 5. + Wood. + _Teredo_, (cossis) 5. + Ligna. + + The _Moth_, 6. a garment. + _Tinea_, 6. vestem. + + The _Book-worm_, 7. + a Book. + _Blatta_, 7. + Librum. + + _Maggots_, 8. + Flesh and Cheese. + _Termites_, 8. + carnem & caseum. + + _Hand-worms_, the Hair. + _Acari_, Capillum. + + The skipping _Flea_, 9. + the _Lowse_, 10. + and the stinking _Wall-louse_, 11. + bite us. + Saltans _Pulex_, 9. + _Pediculus_, 10. + fœtans _Cimex_, 11. + mordent nos. + + The _Tike_, 12. + is a blood-sucker. + _Ricinus_, 12. + sanguisugus est. + + The _Silk-worm_, 13. + maketh silk. + _Bombyx_, 13. + facit sericum. + + The _Pismire_, 14. + is painful. + _Formica_, 14. + est laboriosa. + + The _Spider_, 15. + weaveth a Cobweb, + nets for flies. + _Aranea_, 15. + texit Araneum, + retia muscis. + + The _Snail_, 16. + carrieth about her Snail-horn. + _Cochlea_, 16. + circumfert testam. + + + + + XXXIII. + + Creatures that live as well by Water as by Land. + Amphibia. + + [Illustration] + + + Creatures that live + by land and by water, are + Viventia + in terrâ & aquâ, sunt + + The _Crocodile_, 1. + a cruel and preying Beast + of the River _Nilus_; + _Crocodilus_, 1. + immanis & prædatrix bestia + _Nili_ fluminis; + + The _Castor_ or _Beaver_, 2. + having feet like a Goose, + and a scaly tail to swim. + _Castor_, (Fiber) 2. + habens pedes anserinos + & squameam Caudam + ad natandum. + + The _Otter_, 3. + _Lutra_, 3. + + The croaking _Frog_, 4. + with the _Toad_. + & coaxans _Rana_, 4. + cum _Bufone_. + + The _Tortoise_, 5. + covered above and beneath + with shells, + as with a target. + _Testudo_, 5. + Operta & infra, + testis, + ceu scuto. + + + + + XXXIV. + + River Fish and Pond Fish. + Pisces Fluviatiles & Lacustres. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Fish_ hath _Fins_, 1. + with which it swimmeth, + and _Gills_, 2. + by which it taketh breath, + _Piscis_ habet _Pinnas_, 1. + quibus natat; + & _Branchias_, 2. + quibus respirat; + and _Prickles_ + instead of bones: besides + the _Male_ hath a _Milt_, + and the _Female_ a _Row_. + & _Spinas_ + loco ossium: præterea, + _Mas Lactes_, + _Fœmina Ova_. + + Some have _Scales_. + as the _Carp_, 3. + and the _Luce_ or _Pike_, 4. + Quidam habent _Squamas_, + ut _Carpio_, 3. + _Lucius_, (Lupus) 4. + + Some are sleek + as the _Eel_, 5. + and the _Lamprey_, 6. + Alii sunt glabri, + ut, _Anguilla_, 5. + _Mustela_, 6. + + The _Sturgeon_, 7. + having a sharp snout, + groweth beyond + the length of a Man. + _Accipenser_ (Sturio), 7. + mucronatus, + crescit ultra + longitudinem viri. + + The _Sheath-fish_, 8. + having wide Cheeks, + is bigger than he: + _Silurus_, 8. + bucculentus, + major illo est: + + But the greatest, + is the _Huson_, 9. + Sed maximus + _Antaseus_ (Huso,) 9. + + _Minews_, 10. + swimming by shoals, + are the least. + _Apuæ_, 10. + natantes gregatim, + sunt minutissimæ. + + Others of this sort are + the _Perch_, the _Bley_, + the _Barbel_, + Alii hujus generis sunt + _Perca_, _Alburnus_, + _Mullus_, (Barbus) + the _Esch_, the _Trout_, + the _Gudgeon_, + and _Trench_, 11. + _Thymallus_, _Trutta_, + _Gobius_, + _Tinca_, 11. + + The _Crab-fish_, 12. + is covered with a shell, + and it hath _Claws_, and crawleth + forwards and backwards. + _Cancer_, 12. + tegitur crusta, + habetque _chelas_, & graditur + porro & retrò. + + The _Horse-leech_, 13. + sucketh blood. + _Hirudo_, 13. + sugit sanguinem. + + + + + XXXV. + + Sea-fish, and Shell-fish. + Marini pisces & Conchæ. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Whale_, 1. is the + greatest of the Sea-fish. + _Balæna_, (Cetus) 1. + maximus Piscium marinorum. + + The _Dolphin_, 2. + the swiftest. + _Delphinus_, 2. + velocissimus. + + The _Scate_, 3. + the most monstrous. + _Raia_, 3. + monstrosissimus. + + Others are the _Lamprel_, 4. + the _Salmon_, or the _Lax_, 5. + Alii sunt _Murænula_, 4. + _Salmo_, (Esox) 5. + + There are also fish that flie, 6. + Dantur etiam volatiles, 6. + + Add _Herrings_, 7. + which are brought pickled, + and _Place_, 8. and _Cods_, 9. + which are brought dry; + Adde _Haleces_, 7. + qui salsi, + & _Passeres_, 8. cum _Asellis_, 9. + qui adferuntur arefacti; + and the Sea monsters, + the _Seal_. 10. + and the _Sea-horse_, &c. + & monstra marina, + _Phocam_, 10. + _Hippopotamum_, &c. + + _Shell-fish_, 11. have Shells. + _Concha_, 11. habet testas, + + The _Oyster_, 12. + affordeth sweet meat. + _Ostrea_, 12. + dat sapidam carnem. + + The _Purple-fish_, 13. + purple; + _Murex_, 13. + purpuram; + + The others, Pearls, 14. + _Alii_, 14. Margaritas. + + + + + XXXVI. + + Man. + Homo. + + [Illustration] + + + _Adam_, 1. the first Man, + was made by God + after his own Image + the sixth day of the Creation, + of a lump of Earth. + _Adamus_, 1. primus Homo, + formatus est a Deo + ad Imaginem suam + sextâ die Creationis, + e Gleba Terræ. + + And _Eve_, 2. + the first Woman, was made + of the Rib of the Man. + Et _Eva_, 2. + prima mulier, formata est + e costâ viri. + + These, being tempted + by the _Devil_ under + the shape of a _Serpent_, 3. + when they had eaten of + the fruit of the _forbidden Tree_, 4. + Hi, seducti + à _Diabolo_ sub + specie _Serpentis_, 3. + cum comederent de + fructu _vetitæ arboris_, 4. + were condemned, 5. + to misery and death, + with all their posterity, + and cast out of _Paradise_, 6. + damnati sunt, 5. + ad miseriam & mortem, + cum omni posteritate sua, + & ejecti e _Paradiso_ 6. + + + + + XXXVII. + + The Seven Ages of Man. + Septem Ætates Hominis. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Man_ is first an _Infant_, 1. + then a _Boy_, 2. + then a _Youth_, 3. + then a _Young-man_, 4. + inde _Juvenis_, 4. + _Homo_ est primum _Infans,_ 1. + deinde _Puer_, 2. + tum _Adolescens_, 3. + then a _Man_, 5. + after that an _Elderly-man_, 6. + and at last, a _decrepid old man_, 7. + posteà _Vir_, 5. + dehinc _Senex_, 6. + tandem _Silicernium_, 7. + + So also in the other _Sex_, + there are, a _Girl_, 8. + A _Damosel_, 9. a _Maid_, 10. + Sic etiam in altero _Sexu_, + sunt, _Pupa_, 8. + _Puella_, 9. _Virgo_, 10. + A _Woman_, 11. + an _elderly Woman_, 12. and + a _decrepid old Woman_, 13. + _Mulier_, 11. + _Vetula_, 12. + _Anus decrepita_, 13. + + + + + XXXVIII. + + The Outward Parts of a Man. + Membra Hominis Externa. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Head_, 1. is above, + the _Feet_, 20. below. + _Caput_, 1. est supra, + infra _Pedes_, 20. + the fore part of the Neck + (which ends at + the _Arm-holes_, 2.) + is the _Throat_, 3. + the hinder part, the _Crag_, 4. + Anterior pars Colli + (quod desit + in _Axillas_, 2.) + est _Jugulum_, 3. + posterior _Cervix_, 4. + + The _Breast_, 5, is before; + the _back_, 6, behind; + Women have in it + two _Dugs_, 7. + with _Nipples_, + _Pectus_, 5. est ante; + _Dorsum_, 6. retro; + Fœeminis sunt in illo + binæ _Mammæ_, 7. + cum _Papillis_. + + Under the Breast + is the _Belly_, 9. + in the middle of it + the _Navel_, 10. + underneath the _Groyn_, 11. + and the _privities_. + Sub pectore + est _Venter_, 9. + in ejus medio, + _Umbelicus_, 10. + subtus _Inguen_, 11. + & _pudenda_. + + The _Shoulder-blades_, 12. + are behind the back, + on which the _Shoulders_ + depend, 13. + _Scapulæ_, 12. + sunt a tergo, + â quibus pendent + _humeri_, 13. + on these the _Arms_, 14. + with the _Elbow_, 15. and then + on either side the _Hands_, + the _right_, 8. and the _left_, 16. + ab his _Brachia_, 14. + cum _Cubito_, 15. inde + ad utrumque Latus, _Manus_, + _Dextera_, 8. & _Sinistra_, 16. + + The _Loyns_ + are next the Shoulders, + with the _Hips_, 18. + and in the _Breech_, + the _Buttocks_, 19. + _Lumbi_, 17. + excipiunt Humeros, + cum _Coxis_, 18. + & _in Podice_, (culo) + _Nates_, 19. + + These make the _Foot_; + the _Thigh_, 21. then the _Leg_, 23. + (the _Knee_, + being betwixt them, 22.) + Absolvunt Pedem; + _Femur_, 21. tum _Crus_, 23. + _(Genu_, 22. intermedio.) + in which is the _Calf_, 24. + with the _Shin_, 25. + then the _Ankles_, 26. + in quo _Sura_, 24. + cum _Tilia_, 25. + abhinc _Tali_, 26. + the _Heel_, 27. + and the _Sole_, 28. + in the very end, + the great _Toe_, 29. + with four (other) _Toes_. + _Calx_, (Calcaneum) 27. + & _Solum_, 28. + in extremo + _Hallux_, 29. + cum quatuor _Digitis_. + + + + + XXXIX. + + The Head and the Hand. + Caput & Manus. + + [Illustration] + + + In the _Head_ are + the _Hair_, 1. + (which is combed + with a _Comb_, 2.) + two _Ears_, 3. + the _Temples_, 4. + and the _Face_, 5. + In _Capite_ sunt + _Capillus_, 1. + (qui pectitur + _Pectine_, 2.) + _Aures_, 3. binæ, + & _Tempora_, 4. + _Facies_, 5. + + In the Face are + the _Fore-head_, 6. + both the _Eyes_, 7. + the _Nose_, 8. + (with two _Nostrils_) + In facie sunt + _Frons_, 6. + _Oculus_, 7. + uterque, _Nasus_, 8. + (cum duabus _Naribus_) + the _Mouth_, 9. + the _Cheeks_, 10. + and the _Chin_, 13. + _Os_, 9. + _Genæ_, (Malæ) 10. + & _Mentum_, 13. + + The _Mouth_ is fenced + with a _Mustacho_, 11. + and _Lips_, 12. + A _Tongue_ and a _Palate_, + and _Teeth_, 16. + in the _Cheek-bone_. + Os septum est + _Mystace_, 11. + & _Labiis_, 12. + _Lingua_ cum _Palato_, + _Dentibus_, 16. + in _Maxilla_. + + A Man’s Chin + is covered with a _Beard_, 14. + Mentum virile + tegitur _Barba_, 14. + and the Eye + (in which is the _White_ + and the _Apple_) + with _eye-lids_, + and an _eye-brow_, 15. + Oculos vero + (in quo _Albugo_ + & _Pupilla_) + _palpæbris_, + & _supercilio_, 15. + + The _Hand_ being closed + is a _Fist_, 17. + being open is a _Palm_, 18. + in the midst, is the _hollow_, 19. + of the Hand. + _Manus_ contracta, + _Pugnus_, 17. + est aperta, _Palma_, 18. + in medio _Vola_, 19. + the extremity is + the _Thumb_, 20. + with four _Fingers_, + the _Fore-finger_, 21. + the _Middle-finger_, 22. + the _Ring-finger_, 23. + and the _Little-finger_, 24. + extremitas, + _Pollex_, 20. + cum quatuor _Digitis_, + _Indice_, 21. + _Medio_, 22. + _Annulari_, 23. + & _Auriculari_, 24. + + In every one are + three _joynts_, a. b. c. + and as many _knuckles_, d. e. f. + with a _Nail_, 25. + In quolibet sunt + _articuli_ tres, a. b. c. + & totidem _Condyli_, d. e. f. + cum _Ungue_, 25. + + + + + XL. + + The Flesh and Bowels. + Caro & Viscera. + + [Illustration] + + + In the _Body_ are the _Skin_ + with the _Membranes_, + the _Flesh_ with the _Muscles_, + In _Corpore_ sunt _Cutis_ + cum _Membranis_, + _Caro_ cum _Musculis_, + the _Chanels_, + the _Gristles_, + the _Bones_ and the _Bowels_. + _Canales_, + _Cartilagines_, + _Ossa_ & _Viscera_. + + The _Skin_, 1. being pull’d off, + the _Flesh_, 2. appeareth, + not in a continual lump, + but being distributed, + as it were in stuft puddings, + _Cute_, 1. detractâ, + _Caro_, 2. apparet, + non continuâ massâ, + sed distributa, + tanquam in farcimina, + which they call _Muscles_, + whereof there are reckoned + four hundred and five, + being the Chanels of the _Spirits_, + to move the _Members_. + quos vocant _Musculos_, + quorum numerantur + _quadringenti quinque_, + canales _Spirituum_, + ad movendum _Membra_. + + The _Bowels_ are + the inward _Members_: + _Viscera_ sunt + _Membra_ interna: + + As in the Head, + the _Brains_, 3. + being compassed about + with a _Skull_, and + the _Skin_ which covereth the _Skull_. + Ut in Capite, + _Cerebrum_, 3. + circumdatum + _Cranio_, & + _Pericranio_. + + In the Breast, the _Heart_, 4. + covered with + a thin _Skin_ about it, + and the _Lungs_, 5. + breathing to and fro. + In Pectore, _Cor_, 4. + obvolutum + _Pericardio_, + & _Pulmo_, 5. + respirans. + + In the _Belly_, + the _Stomach_, 6. + and the _Guts_, 7. + covered with a _Caul_. + In _Ventre_, + _Ventriculus_, 6. + & _Intestina_, 7. + obducta _Omento_. + The _Liver_, 8. + and in the left side opposite + against it, the _Milt_, 9. + the two _Kidneys_, 10. + and the _Bladder_, 11. + _Jecur_, (Hepar) 8. + & à sinistro oppositus + ei _Lien_, 9. + duo _Renes_, 10. + cum _Vesica_, 11. + + The Breast + is divided from the Belly + by a thick Membrane, + which is called + the _Mid-riff_, 12. + Pectus + dividitur à Ventre + crassâ Membranâ, + quæ vocatur + _Diaphragma_, 12. + + + + + XLI. + + The Chanels and Bones. + Canales & Ossa. + + [Illustration] + + + The Chanels of the Body are + the _Veins_, carrying + the Blood from the Liver; + Canales Corporis sunt + _Venæ_ deferentes + Sanguinem ex Hepate; + + The _Arteries_ (carrying) + _Heart_ and _Life_ from the + _Heat_; + _Arteriæ_, _Calorem_ + & _Vitam_ è _Corde_; + + The _Nerves_ (carrying) + Sense and Motion + throughout the Body from + the _Brain_. + _Nervi_, + Sensum et Motum, + per Corpus a + _Cerebro_. + + You shall find these three, 1. + everywhere joined together. + Invenies hæc tria, 1. + ubique sociata. + + Besides, from the Mouth + into the Stomach is + the _Gullet_, 2. the + way of the meat and drink; + Porrò, ab Ore + in Ventriculum + _Gula_, 2. + via cibi ac potus; + and by it to the Lights, the + _Wezand_, 5. for breathing; + & juxta hanc, ad Pulmonem + _Guttur_, 5. pro respiratione; + from the Stomach to the Anus + is a great _Intestine_, 3. + to purge out the _Ordure_; + à ventriculo ad Anum + _Colon_, 3. + ad excernendum _Stercus_; + from the Liver to the + Bladder, the _Ureter_, 4. + for making water. + ab Hepate ad + Vesicam, _Ureter_, 4. + reddendæ urinæ. + + The _Bones_ are + in the Head, the _Skull_, 6. + the two _Cheek-bones_, 7. + with thirty-two _Teeth_, 8. + _Ossa_ sunt + in Capite, _Calvaria_, 6. + duæ _Maxillæ_, 7. + cum XXXII. _Dentibus_, 8. + + Then the _Back-bone_, 9. + the Pillar of the Body, + consisting of thirty-four + turning _Joints_, that + the Body may bend it self. + Tum, _Spina dorsi_, 9. + columna Corporis, + constans ex XXXIV. + _Vertebris_, ut + Corpus queat flectere se + + The _Ribs_, 10. whereof + there are twenty-four. + _Costæ_, 10. quarum + viginti quatuor. + + The _Breast-bone_, 11. + the two _Shoulder-blades_, 12. + the _Buttock-bone_, 13. + the _bigger Bone_ + in the Arm, 15. and + the _lesser Bone_ in the Arm. + _Os Pectoris_, 11. + duæ _Scapulæ_, 12. + _Os sessibuli_, 13. + _Lacerti_, 15. & + _Ulna_. + + The _Thigh-bone_, 14. + the foremost, 16. + and the hindmost Bone, + in the Leg, 17. + _Tibia_, 14. + _Fibula_, 16. anterior, + & posterior, 17. + + The Bones of the Hand, 18. + are thirty-four, and + of the Foot, 19. thirty. + Ossa Manûs, 18. + sunt triginta quatuor, + Pedis, 19. triginta. + + The _Marrow_ is in + the Bones. + _Medulla_ est in Ossibus, + + + + + XLII. + + The Outward and Inward Senses. + Sensus externi & interni. + + [Illustration] + + + There are five outward + _Senses_; + Sunt quinque externi + _Sensus_; + + The _Eye_, 1. seeth Colours, + what is white or black, + green or blew, + red or yellow. + _Oculus_, 1. videt _Colores_, + quid album vel atrum, + viride vel cœruleum, + rubrum aut luteum, sit. + + The _Ear_, 2. heareth + _Sounds_, both natural, + Voices and Words; + and artificial, + Musical Tunes. + _Auris_, 2. audit + _Sonos_, tum naturales, + Voces & Verba; + tum artificiales, + Tonos Musicos. + + The _Nose_, 3. scenteth + smells and stinks. + _Nasus_, 3, _olfacit_ + odores & fœtores. + + The _Tongue_, 4. + with the roof of the Mouth + tastes _Savours_, + what is sweet or bitter, + keen or biting, + sower or harsh. + _Lingua_, 4. + cum Palato + gustat _Sapores_, + quid dulce aut amarum, + acre aut acidum, + acerbum aut austerum. + + The _Hand_, 5. by touching + discerneth the quantity + and quality of things; + _Manus_, 5. tangendo + dignoscit quantitatem, + & qualitatem rerum; + the hot and cold, + the moist and dry, + the hard and soft, + the smooth and rough, + the heavy and light. + calidum & frigidum, + humidum & siccum, + durum & molle, + læve & asperum, + grave & leve. + + The inward _Senses_ are + three. + _Sensus_ interni sunt tres. + + The _Common Sense_, 7. + under the _forepart of the_ + _head_, apprehendeth + things taken from + the outward Senses. + _Sensus Communis_, 7. + sub _sincipite_ + apprehendit + res perceptas a + Sensibus externis. + + The _Phantasie_, 6. + under the _crown of the head_ + judgeth of those things, + thinketh and dreameth, + _Phantasia_, 6. + sub _vertice_, + dijudicat res istas, + cogitat, somniat. + + The _Memory_, 8. + under the _hinder part of the_ + _head_, layeth up every thing + and fetcheth them out: + it loseth some, + and this is _forgetfulness_. + _Memoria_, 8. + sub _occipitio_, + recondit singula + & depromit: + deperdit quædam, + & hoc est _oblivio_. + + _Sleep_, is + the rest of the Senses. + _Somnus_, est + requies Sensuum. + + + + + XLIII. + + The Soul of Man. + Anima hominis. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Soul_ is the Life + of the Body, one in the whole. + _Anima_ est vita + corporis, una in toto. + + Only _Vegetative_ in _Plants_; + Tantùm _Vegetativa_ in + _Plantis_; + + Withal _Sensitive_ in + _Animals_; + Simul _Sensitiva_ in + _Animalibus_; + + And also rational in + _Men_. + Etiam _Rationalis_ in + _Homine_. + + This consisteth in three + things; + Hæc consistet in tribus: + + In the _Understanding_, + whereby it judgeth + and understandeth + a thing good and evil, + or true, or apparent. + In _Mente_ (Intellectu) + quâ cognoscit, + & intelligit, + bonum ac malum, + vel verum, vel apparens. + + In the _Will_, + whereby it chooseth, + and desireth, + or rejecteth, and + misliketh a thing known. + In _Voluntate_, + quâ eligit, + & concupiscit, + aut rejicit, & + aversatur cognitum. + + In the _Mind_, + whereby it pursueth + the Good chosen or + avoideth the Evil rejected. + In _Animo_, + quo prosequitur + Bonum electum, vel + fugit Malum rejectum. + + Hence is _Hope_ and _Fear_ + in the desire, + and dislike. + Hinc _Spes_ & _Timor_, + in cupidine, + & aversatione: + + Hence is _Love_ and _Joy_, + in the Fruition: + Hinc _Amor_ & _Gaudium_, + in fruitione: + + But _Anger_ and _Grief_, + in suffering. + Sed _Ira_ ac _Dolor_, + in passione. + + The true judgment of a + thing is _Knowledge_; + the false, is _Error_, + _Opinion_ and _Suspicion_. + Vera cognitio + rei, est _Scientia_; + falsa, _Error_, + _Opinio_, _Suspicio_. + + + + + XLIV. + + Deformed and Monstrous People. + Deformes & Monstrosi. + + [Illustration] + + + _Monstrous_ and + _deformed_ People are those + which differ in the Body + from the ordinary shape, + _Monstrosi_, & + _deformes_ sunt + abeuntes corpore + à communi formâ, + as the huge _Gyant_, 1. + the little _Dwarf_, 2. + One with _two Bodies_, 3. + One with _two Heads_, 4. + and such like Monsters. + ut sunt, immanis _Gigas_, + nanus (_Pumilio_), 2. + _Bicorpor_, 3. + _Biceps_, 4. + & id genus monstra. + + Amongst these are reckoned, + The _jolt-headed_, 5. + The great _nosed_, 6. + The _blubber-lipped_, 7. + His accensentur, + _Capito_, 5. + _Naso_, 6. + _Labeo_, 7. + The _blub-cheeked_, 8. + The _goggle-eyed_, 9. + The _wry-necked_, 10. + The _great-throated_, 11. + _Bucco_, 8. + _Strabo_, 9. + _Obstipus_, 10. + _Strumosus_, 11. + The _Crump-backed_, 12. + The _Crump-footed_, 13. + The _steeple-crowned_, 15. + add to these + The _Bald-pated_, 14. + _Gibbosus_, 12. + _Loripes_, 13. + _Cilo_, 15. + adde + _Calvastrum_, 14. + + + + + XLV. + + The Dressing of Gardens. + Hortorum cultura. + + [Illustration] + + + We have seen Man: + Now let us go on to + Man’s _living_, and to + _Handy-craft-Trades_, + which tend to it. + Vidimus hominem: + Jam pergamus ad + _Victum_ hominis, & ad + _Artes Mechanicas_, + quæ huc faciunt. + + The first and most ancient + _sustenance_, were the + _Fruits of the Earth_. + Primus & antiquissimus + _Victus_, erant + _Fruges Terræ_. + + Hereupon the first + labour of Adam, was + _the dressing of a garden_. + Hinc primus + Labor Adami, + _Horti cultura_. + + The _Gardener_, 1. + diggeth in a _Garden-plot_, + with a _Spade_, 2. + or _Mattock_, 3. + _Hortulanus_ (Olitor), 1. + fodit in _Viridario_, + _Ligone_, 2. + aut _Bipalio_, 3. + and maketh _Beds_, 4. + and places wherein to plant _Trees_, 5. + on which he setteth + _Seeds_ and _Plants_. + facitque _Pulvinos_, 4. + ac _Plantaria_, 5. + quibus inserit + _Semina_ & _Plantas_. + + The _Tree-Gardener_, 6. + planteth Trees, 7. + in an _Orchard_, + and grafteth _Cyons_, 8. + in _Stocks_, 9. + _Arborator_, 6. + plantat Arbores, 7. + in _Pomario_, + _inseritque Surculos_, 8. + _Viviradicibus_, 9. + + He fenceth his Garden, + either by care, + with a _mound_, 10. + or a _Stone-wall_, 11. + or a _rail_, 12. + Sepit hortum + vel Cura, + _Muro_, 10. + aut _Macerie_, 11. + aut _Vacerra_, 12. + or _Pales_, 13. + or a _Hedge_, 14. + made of _Hedge-stakes_, + and _bindings_; + aut _Plancis_, 13. + aut _Sepe_, 14. + flexâ è _sudibus_ + & _vitilibus_; + + Or by Nature, with + _Brambles_ and _Bryers_, 15. + Vel Natura + _Dumis_ & _Vepribus_, 15. + + It is beautified + with _Walks_, 16. + and _Galleries_, 17. + Ornatur + _Ambulacris_, 16. + & _Pergulis_, 17. + + It is watered + with _Fountains_, 18. + and a _Watering-pot_, 19. + Rigatur + _Fontanis_, 18. + & _Harpagio_, 19. + + + + + XLVI. + + Husbandry. + Agricultura. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Plow-man_, 1. + yoketh _Oxen_, 3. + to a _Plough,_ 2. + _Arator_, 1. + jungit _Boves_, 3. + _Aratro_, 2. + and holding the _Plow-stilt_, 4. + in his left hand, + and the _Plow-staff_, 5. + in his right hand, + & tenens _Stivam_, 4. + lævâ, + _Rallum_, 5. + dextrâ, + with which he removeth + _Clods_, 6. + he cutteth the Land, + (which was manured afore + with _Dung_, 8.) + quâ amovet + _Glebas_, 6. + scindit terram + (stercoratam antea + _Fimo_, 8.) + with a _Share_, 7. + and a _Coulter_, + and maketh _furrows_, 9. + _Vomere_, 7. + et _Dentali_, + facitque _Sulcos_, 9. + + Then he _soweth_ + the _Seed_, 10. + and harroweth it in + with a _Harrow_, 11. + Tum _seminat_ + _Semen_, 10. + & inoccat + _Occâ_, 11. + + The _Reaper_, 12. + sheareth the ripe corn + with a _Sickle_, 13. + gathereth up the _handfuls_, 14. + and bindeth the _Sheaves_, 15. + _Messor_, 12. + metit fruges maturas + _Falce messoris_, 13. + colligit _Manipulos_, 14. + & colligat _Mergetes_, 15. + + The _Thrasher_, 16. + thrasheth Corn + on the _Barn-floor_, 17. + with a _Flayl_, 18. + _Tritor_, 16. + triturat frumentum + in _Area Horrei_, 17. + _Flagello_ (tribula), 18. + tosseth it in a _winnowing-basket_, 19. + and so when the _Chaff_, + and the _Straw_, 20. + are separated from it, + he putteth it into _Sacks_, 12. + jactat _ventilabro_, 19. + atque ita _Paleâ_ + & _Stramine_, 20. + separatâ, + congerit in _Saccos_, 21. + + The _Mower_, 22. + maketh _Hay_ + in a _Meadow_, + cutting down _Grass_ + with a _Sithe_, 23. + _Fœniseca_, 22. + facit _Fœnum_ + in _Prato_, + desecans _Gramen_ + _Falce fœnaria_, 23. + and raketh it together + with a _Rake_, 24. + and maketh up _Cocks_, 26. + with a _fork_, 25, + and carrieth it on _Carriages_, 27. + into the _Hay-barn_, 28. + corraditque + _Rastro_, 24. + componit _Acervos_, 26. + _Furca_, 25. + & convehit _Vehibus_, 27. + in _Fœnile_, 28. + + + + + XLVII. + + Grasing. + Pecuaria. + + [Illustration] + + + _Tillage of ground_, + and _keeping Cattle_, + was in old time + the care of Kings and Noble-men; + at this Day only + of the meanest sort of People, + _Cultus Agrorum_, + & _res pecuaria_, + antiquissimis temporibus, erat + cura Regum, Heroum; + hodie tantum + infirmæ Plebis, + + The _Neat-heard_, 1. + calleth out the _Heards_, 2. + out of the _Beast-houses_, 3. + with a _Horn_, 4. + and driveth them to feed. + _Bubulcus_, 1. + evocat _Armenta_, 2. + è _Bovilibus_, 3. + _Buccina_ (Cornu), 4, + & ducit pastum. + + The _Shepherd_, 5. + feedeth his _Flock_, 6. + being furnished with a + _Pipe_, 7. and a _Scrip_, 8. + and a _Sheep-hook_, 9. + _Opilio_ (Pastor), 5. + pascit _Gregem_, 6. + instructus _Fistula_, 7. + & _Pera_, 8. + ut & _Pedo_, 9. + having with him + a great _Dog_, 10. + fenced with a _Collar_, 11. + against the _Wolves_. + habens secum + _Molossum_, 10. + munitum _Millo_, 11. + contra Lupos. + + _Swine_, 12. are fed + out of a _Swine-Trough_. + _Sues_, 12. saginantur + ex _aqualiculo haræ_. + + The _Farmer’s Wife_, 13. + milketh the _Udders_ + of the _Cow_, 15. + at the _Cratch_, 15. + over a _milk-pale_, 16. + _Villica_, 13. + mulget _Ubera_ + _vaccæ_, 14. + ad _Præsepe_, 15. + super _mulctra_, 16. + and maketh _Butter_ + of _Cream_ + in a _Churn_, 17. + and _Cheeses_, 18. + of _Curds_. + et facit _Butyrum_ + è _flore lactis_, + in _Vase butyraceo_, 17. + et _Caseos_, 18. + è _Coagulo_. + + The _Wool_, 19. + is shorn from _Sheep_, + whereof several _Garments_ + are made. + _Lana_, 19. + detondetur _Ovibus_, + ex quà variæ _Vestes_ + conficiuntur. + + + + + XLVIII. + + The making of Honey. + Mellificium. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Bees_ send out + a _swarm_, 1. and set over it + a _Leader_, 2. + _Apes_ emittunt + _Examen_, 1. adduntque illi + _Ducem_ (Regem), 2. + + That swarm + being ready to fly away + is recalled by the Tinkling + of a _brazen Vessel_, 3. + and is put up + into a new _Hive_, 4. + Examen illud, + avolaturum, + revocatur tinnitu + _Vasis ænei_, 3. + & includitur + novo _Alveari_, 4. + + They make little _Cells_ + with six corners, 5. + and fill them with _Honey-dew_, + and make _Combs_, 6. + out of which the _Honey_ + runneth, 7. + Struunt _Cellulas_ + sexangulares, 5. + et complent eas _Melligine_, + & faciunt _Favos_, 6. + è quibus _Mel_ + effluit, 7. + + The _Partitions_ + being melted by fire, + turn into _Wax_, 8. + _Crates_ + liquati igne + abeunt in _Ceram_, 8. + + + + + XLIX. + + Grinding. + Molitura. + + [Illustration] + + + In a _Mill_, 1. + a Stone, 2. runneth + upon a stone, 3. + In _Mola_, + Lapis, 2. currit + super lapidem, 3, + + A _Wheel_, 4. + turning them about and + grindeth Corn poured in + by a _Hopper_, 5. + _Rota_, 4. + circumagente, et + conterit grana infusa + per _Infundibulum_, 5. + and parteth the _Bran_, 6. + falling into the _Trough_, 7. + from the _Meal_ + slipping through a _Bolter_, 8. + separatque _Furfurem_, 6. + decidentem in _Cistam_, 7. + à _Farina_ (Polline) + elabente per _Excussorium_, 8. + + Such a Mill was first + a _Hand-mill_, 9. + then a _Horse-mill_, 10. + then a _Water-mill_, 11. + then a _Ship-mill_, 12. + and at last a _Wind-mill_, 13. + Talis Mola primùm fuit + _Manuaria_, 9. + deinde _Jumentaria_, 10. + tum _Aquatica_, 11. + & _Navalis_, 12. + tandem, _Alata_ (pneumatica), 13. + + + + + L. + + Bread-baking. + Panificium. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Baker_, 1. + sifteth the _Meal_ + in a _Rindge_, 2. + and putteth it into + the _Kneading-trough_, 3. + _Pistor_, 1. + cernit _Farinam_ + _Cribo_, 2. (pollinario) + & indit _Mactræ_, 3. + + Then he poureth water to it + and maketh _Dough_, 4. + and kneadeth it + with a _wooden slice_, 5. + Tum affundit aquam, + & facit _Massam_, 4. + depsitque + _spatha_, 5. ligneâ. + + Then he maketh + _Loaves_, 6. _Cakes_, 7. + _Cimnels_, 8. _Rolls_, 9, &c. + Dein format + _Panes_, 6. _Placentas_, 7. + _Similas_, 8. _Spiras_, 9. &c. + + Afterwards he setteth them + on a _Peel_, 10. + and putteth them + thorow the _Oven-mouth_, 12. + into the _Oven_, 11. + Post imponit + _Palæ_, 10. + & ingerit + _Furno_, 11. + per _Præfurnium_, 12. + + But first he pulleth out + the fire and the Coals + with a _Coal-rake_, 13. + which he layeth on a heap + underneath, 14. + Sed priùs eruit + ignem & Carbones + _Rutabulo_, 13. + quos congerit + infra, 14. + + And thus is _Bread_ baked, + having the _Crust_ without, 15. + and the _Crumb_ within, 16. + Et sic _Panis_ pinsitur + habens extra _Crustam_, 15. + intus _Micam_, 16. + + + + + LI. + + Fishing. + Piscatio. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Fisher-man_, 1. + catcheth fish, + either on the Shoar, + with an _Hook_, 2. + _Piscator_, 1. + captat pisces, + sive in littore, + _Hamo_, 2. + which hangeth by a _Line_ + from the _angling-rod_, + on which the _Bait_ sticketh; + qui pendet _filo_ + ab _arundine_, + & cui _Esca_ inhæret; + or with a _Cleek-net_, 3. + which hangeth on a _Pole_, 4. + is put into the Water; + sive _Fundâ_, 3. + quæ pendens _Pertica_, 4. + immittitur aquæ; + or in a _Boat_, 5. + with a _Trammel-net_, 6. + or with a _Wheel_, 7. + which is laid in the Water + by Night. + sive in _Cymba_, 5. + _Reti_, 6. + sive _Nassa_, 7. + quæ demergitur + per Noctem. + + + + + LII. + + Fowling. + Aucupium. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Fowler_, 1. + maketh a _Bed_, 2, + spreadeth + a _Bird-net_, 3. + throweth a _Bait_, 4. upon it, + _Auceps_, 1. + exstruit _Aream_, 2. + superstruit illi + _Rete_ aucupatorium, 3. + obsipat _Escam_, 4. + and hiding himself in a _Hut_, 5. + he allureth Birds, + by the chirping of _Lurebirds_, + which partly + hop upon the Bed, 6. + and are partly shut in _Cages_, 7. + & abdens se in _Latibulo_, 5. + allicit Aves, + cantu _Illicum_, + qui partim + in Area currunt, 6. + partim inclusi sunt _Caveis_, 7. + and thus he entangleth + Birds that fly over, + in his net whilst + they settle themselves down. + atque ita obruit + transvolantes Aves + Reti, dum + se demittunt: + + Or he setteth _Snares_, 8. + on which they hang and + strangle themselves: + Aut tendit _Tendiculas_, 8. + quibus suspendunt & + suffocant seipsas: + + Or setteth _Lime-twigs_, 9. + on a _Perch_, 10. + Aut exponit _Viscatos calamos_, 9. + _Amiti_, 10. + upon which if they sit + they enwrap their Feathers, + so that they cannot fly away, + and fall down to the ground. + quibus si insident, + implicant pennas, + ut nequeant avolare, + & decidunt in terram. + + Or he catcheth them + with a _Pole_, 11. + or a _Pit-fall_, 12. + Aut captat + _Perticâ_, 11. + vel _Decipulâ_, 12. + + + + + LIII. + + Hunting. + Venatus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Hunter_, 1. + hunteth wild Beasts + whilst he besetteth a Wood + with _Toyls_, 2. + stretched out upon + _Shoars_, 3. + _Venator_, 1. + venatur Feras, + dum cingit Sylvam, + _Cassibus_, 2. + tentis super + _Varos_, 3. (furcillas.) + + The _Beagle_, 4. + tracketh the wild Beast + or findeth him out by the scent; + the _Tumbler_, or _Greyhound_, 5. + pursueth it. + _Canis sagax_, 4. + vestigat Feram, + aut indagat odoratu; + _Vertagus_, 5. + persequitur. + + The _Wolf_, + falleth in a _Pit_, 6. + the _Stag_, 7. as he runneth away, + into _Toyls_. + _Lupus_, + incidit in _Foveam_, 6. + fugiens _Cervus_, 7. + in _Plagas_. + + The _Boar_, 8. + is struck through + with a _Hunting-spear_, 9. + _Aper_, 8. + transverberatur + _Venabulo_, 9. + + The _Bear_, 10. + is bitten by Dogs, + and is knocked + with a _Club_, 11. + _Ursus_, 10. + mordetur à Canibus, + & tunditur + _Clavâ_, 11. + + If any thing get away, + it escapeth, 12. as here + a _Hare_ and a _Fox_. + Si quid effugit, + evadit, 12. ut hic + _Lepus_ & _Vulpes_. + + + + + LIV. + + Butchery. + Lanionia. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Butcher_, 1. + killeth _fat Cattle_, 2. + (The _Lean_, 3. + are not fit to eat.) + _Lanio_, 1. + mactat _Pecudem altilem_, 2. + (_Vescula_, 3. + non sunt vescenda.) + + He knocketh them down + with an _Ax_, 4. + or cutteth their Throat. + with a _Slaughter-knife_, 5. + Prosternit + _Clavâ_, 4. + vel jugulat. + _Cunaculo_, 5. + he flayeth them, 6. + and cutteth them in pieces, + and hangeth out the flesh + to sell in the _Shambles_, 7. + excoriat (deglubit,) 6. + dissecatque + & exponit carnes, + venum in _Macello_, 7. + + He dresseth a _Swine_, 8. + with fire + or scalding water, 9. + and maketh _Gamons_, 10. + _Pistils_, 11. + and _Flitches_, 12. + Glabrat _Suem_, 8. + igne, + vel aquâ fervidâ, 9. + & facit _Pernas_, 10. + _Petasones_, 11. + & _Succidias_, 12. + + Besides several _Puddings_, + _Chitterlings_, 13. + _Bloodings_, 14. + _Liverings_, 15. + _Sausages_, 16. + Prætereà _Farcimina_ varia, + _Faliscos_, 13. + _Apexabones_, 14. + _Tomacula_, 15. + _Botulos_, (Lucanicas) 16. + + The _Fat_, 17. and + _Tallow_, 18. are melted. + _Adeps_, 17. & + _Sebum_, 18. eliquantur. + + + + + LV. + + Cookery. + Coquinaria. + + [Illustration] + + + _The Yeoman of the Larder_, 1. + bringeth forth _Provision_, 2. + out of the _Larder_, 3. + _Promus Condus_, 1. + profert _Obsonia_, 2. + è _Penu_, 3. + + The _Cook_, 4. taketh them + and maketh _several Meats_. + _Coquus_, 4. accipit ea + & coquit _varia Esculenta_. + + He first pulleth off the Feathers + and draweth the Gutts + out of the _Birds_, 5. + Prius deplumat, + & exenterat _Aves_, 5. + + He scaleth and + splitteth _Fish_, 6. + Desquamat & + exdorsuat _Pisces_, 6. + + He draweth some flesh + with _Lard_, by means of + a _Larding-needle_, 7. + Trajectat quasdem carnes + _Lardo_, ope + _Creacentri_, 7. + + He caseth _Hares_, 8. + then he boileth them in _Pots_, 9. + and _Kettles_, 10. + on the _Hearth_, 11. + and scummeth them + with a _Scummer_, 12. + _Lepores_, 8. exuit, + tum elixat _Ollis_, 9. + & _Cacabis_, 10. + in _Foco_, 11. + & despumat + _Lingula_, 12. + + He seasoneth things + that are boyled with Spices, + which he poundeth with + a _Pestil_, 14. in a _Morter_, 13. + or grateth with a _Grater_, 15. + Condit elixata, + Aromatibus, + quæ comminuit + _Pistillo_, 14. in _Mortario_, 13. + aut terit _Radulâ_, 15. + + He roasteth some on _Spits_, 16. + and with a _Jack_, 17. + or upon a _Grid-iron_, 18. + Quædam assat _Verubus_, 16. + & _Automato_, 17. + vel super _Craticulum_, 18. + + Or fryeth them + in a _Frying-pan_, 19. + upon a _Brand-iron_, 20. + Vel frigit + _Sartagine_, 19. + super _Tripodem_, 20. + + _Kitchen utensils_ + besides are, + a _Coal-rake_, 21. + a _Chafing-dish_, 22. + _Vasa Coquinaria_ + præterea sunt, + _Rutabulum_, 21. + _Foculus_ (Ignitabulum), 22. + a _Trey_, 23. + (in which _Dishes_, 24. and + _Platters_, 25. are washed), + _Trua_, 23. + (in quà _Catini_, 24. & + _Patinæ_, 25. eluuntur) + a pair of _Tongs_, 26. + a _Shredding-knife_, 27. + a _Colander_, 28. + a _Basket_, 29. + and a _Besom_, 30. + _Forceps_, 26. + _Culter incisorius,_ 27. + _Qualus_, 28. + _Corbis_, 29. + & _Scopa_, 30. + + + + + LVI. + + The Vintage. + Vindemia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Wine_ groweth + in the _Vine-yard_, 1. + where _Vines_ are propagated + _Vinum_ crescit + in _Vinea_, 1. + ubi _Vites_ propagantur, + and tyed with Twigs + to _Trees_, 2. + or to _Props_, 3. + or _Frames_, 4. + & alligantur viminibus + ad _Arbores_, 2. + vel ad _Palos_ (ridicas), 3. + vel ad _Juga_, 4 + + When the time of + Grape-gathering is come, + they cut off the _Bunches_, + and carry them in + _Measures of three Bushels_, 5. + Cùm tempus + vindemiandi adest, + abscindunt _Botros_, + & comportant + _Trimodiis_, 5. + and throw them into a _Vat_, 6. + and tread them + with their _Feet_, 7. + or stamp them + with a _Wooden-Pestil_, 8. + conjiciuntque in _Lacum_, 6. + calcant + _Pedibus_, 7. + aut tundunt + _Ligneo Pilo_, 8. + and squeeze out the juice + in a _Wine-press_, 9. + which is called _Must_, 11. + & exprimunt succum + _Torculari_, 9. + qui dicitur _Mustum_, 11. + and being received + in a great _Tub_, 10. + it is poured into + _Hogsheads_, 12. + & exceptum + _Orcâ_, 10. + infunditur + _Vasis_ (Doliis), 12. + it is stopped up, 15. + and being laid close in _Cellars_ + upon _Settles_, 14. + it becometh _Wine_. + operculatur, 15. + & abditum in _Cellis_, + super _Cantherios_, 14. + abit in _Vinum_. + + It is drawn out of the _Hogshead_, + with a _Cock_, 13. + or _Faucet_, 16. + (in which is a _Spigot_) + the Vessel being unbunged. + Promitur e _Dolio_ + _Siphone_, 13. + aut _Tubulo_, 16. + (in quo est _Epistomium_) + Vase relito. + + + + + LVII. + + Brewing. + Zythopœia. + + [Illustration] + + + Where _Wine_ is not to be had + they drink _Beer_, + Ubi _Vinum_ non habetur, + bibitur _Cerevisia_ (Zythus), + which is brewed of _Malt_, 1. + and _Hops_, 2. + in a _Caldron_, 3. + quæ coquitur ex _Byne_, 1. + & _Lupulo_, 2. + in _Aheno_, 3. + afterwards it is poured + into _Vats_, 4. + and when it is cold, + it is carried in _Soes_, 5. + into the _Cellar_, 6. + and is put into Vessels. + post effunditur + in _Lacus_, 4. + & frigefactum. + defertur _Labris_, 5. + in _Cellaria_, 6. + & intunditur vasibus. + + _Brandy-wine_, + extracted by the power of heat + from dregs of Wine + in a _Pan_, 7. + _Vinum sublimatum_, + extractum vi Caloris + e fecibus Vini + in _Aheno_, 7. + over which a _Limbeck_, 8. + is placed, + droppeth through a _Pipe_, 9. + into a _Glass_. + cui _Alembicum_, 8. + superimpositum est. + destillat per _Tubum_, 9. + in _Vitrum_. + + Wine and Beer + when they turn sowre, + become _Vinegar_. + Vinum & Cerevisia, + cum acescunt, + fiunt _Acetum_. + + Of Wine and Honey + they make _Mead_. + Ex Vino & Melle + faciunt _Mulsum_. + + + + + LVIII. + + A Feast. + Convivium. + + [Illustration] + + + When a _Feast_ + is made ready, + the table is covered + with a _Carpet_, 1. + and a _Table-cloth_, 2. + Cum _Convivium_ + apparatur, + Mensa sternitur + _Tapetibus_, 1. + & _Mappa_, 2. + by the _Waiters_, + who besides lay + the _Trenchers_, 3. + _Spoons_, 4. + _Knives_, 5. + à _Tricliniariis_, + qui prætereà opponunt + _Discos_ (Orbes), 3. + _Cochlearia_, 4. + _Cultros_, 5. + with little _Forks_, 6. + _Table-napkins_, 7. + _Bread_, 8. + with a _Salt-seller_, 9. + cum _Fuscinulis_, 6. + _Mappulas_, 7. + _Panem_, 8. + cum _Salino_, 9. + + _Messes_ are brought + in _Platters_, 10. + a _Pie_, 19. on a _Plate_. + _Fercula_ inferuntur + in _Patinis_, 10. + _Artocrea_, 19. in _Lance_. + + The Guests being brought in + by the _Host_, 11. + wash their Hands + out of a _Laver_, 12. + or _Ewer_, 14. + Convivæ introducti + ab _Hospite_, 11. + abluunt manus + è _Gutturnio_, 12. + vel _Aquali_, 14. + over a _Hand-basin_, 13. + or _Bowl_, 15. + and wipe them + on a _Hand-towel_, 16. + super _Malluvium_, 13. + aut _Pelvim_, 15. + terguntque + _Mantili_, 16. + then they sit at the Table + on _Chairs_, 17. + tum assident Mensæ + per _Sedilia_, 17. + + The _Carver_, 18. + breaketh up the good Cheer, + and divideth it. + _Structor_, 18. + deartuat dapes, + & distribuit. + + _Sauces_ are set amongst + _Roast-meat_, in Sawcers, 20. + _Embammata_ interponuntur + _Assutaris_ in Scutellis, 20. + + The _Butler_, 21. + filleth _strong Wine_ + out of a _Cruise_, 25. + or _Wine-pot_, 26. + or _Flagon_, 27. + _Pincerna_, 21. + infundit _Temetum_, + ex _Urceo_, 25. + vel _Cantharo_, 26. + vel _Lagena_, 27. + into _Cups_, 22. + or _Glasses_, 23. + which stand + on a _Cupboard_, 24. + in _Pocula_, 22. + vel _Vitrea_, 23. + quæ extant + in _abaco_, 24. + and he reacheth them + to the _Master of the Feast_, 28. + who drinketh to his _Guests_. + & porrigit, + _Convivatori_, 28. + qui propinat _Hospitibus_. + + + + + LIX. + + The Dressing of Line. + Tractatio Lini. + + [Illustration] + + + _Line_ and _Hemp_ + being rated in water, + and dryed again, 1. + _Linum_ & _Cannabis_, + macerata aquis, + et siccata rursum, 1. + are braked + with a _wooden Brake_, 2. + where the _Shives_, 3. + fall down, + contunduntur + _Frangibulo ligneo_, 2. + ubi _Cortices_, 3. + decidunt + then they are heckled + with an _Iron Heckle_, 4. + where the _Tow_, 5. + is parted from it. + tum carminantur + _Carmine ferreo_, 4. + ubi _Stupa_, 5. + separatur. + + _Flax_ is tyed to a _Distaff_, 6. + by the _Spinster_, 7. + _Linum purum_ alligatur _Colo_, 6. + à _Netrice_, 7. + which with her left hand + pulleth out the _Thread_, 8. + and with her right hand + turneth a _Wheel_, 9. + quæ sinistra + trahit _Filum_, 8. + dexterâ, 12. + _Rhombum_ (girgillum), 9. + or a _Spindle_, 10. + upon which is a _Wharl_, 11. + vel _Fusum_, 10. + in quo _Verticillus_, 11. + + The _Spool_ receiveth + the _Thread_, 13. + which is drawn thence + upon a _Yarn-windle_, 14. + _Volva_ accipit + _Fila_, 13. + inde deducuntur + in _Alabrum_, 14. + hence either _Clews_, 15. + are wound up, + or _Hanks_, 16. are made. + hinc vel _Glomi_, 15. + glomerantur, + vel _Fasciculi_, 16. fiunt. + + + + + LX. + + Weaving. + Textura. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Webster_ + undoeth the _Clews_, 1. + into _Warp_, + _Textor_ + diducit _Glomos_, 1. + in _Stamen_, + and wrappeth it about + the _Beam_, 2. + and as he sitteth + in his _Loom_, 3. + he treadeth upon the _Treddles_, 4. + with his Feet. + & circumvolvit + _Jugo_, 2. + ac sedens + in _Textrino_, 3. + calcat _Insilia_, 4. + pedibus. + + He divideth the _Warp_, 5. + with _Yarn_. + and throweth the _Shuttle_, 6. through, + Diducit _Stamen_, 5. + _Liciis_, + & trajicit _Radium_, 6. + in which is the _Woofe_, + and striketh it close. + with the _Sley_, 7. + and so maketh + _Linen cloth_, 8. + in quo est _Trama_, + ac densat. + _Pectine_, 7. + atque ita conficit + _Linteum_, 8. + + So also the _Clothier_ + maketh _Cloth_ of _Wool_. + Sic etiam _Pannifex_ + facit _Pannum_ è _Lana_. + + + + + LXI. + + Linen Cloths. + Lintea. + + [Illustration] + + + _Linnen-webs_ + are bleached in the _Sun_, 1. + with Water poured on them, 2. + till they be white. + _Linteamina_ + insolantur, 1. + aquâ perfusâ, 2. + donec candefiant. + + Of them the _Sempster_, 3. + soweth _Shirts_, 4. + _Handkirchers_, 5. + _Bands_, 6. _Caps_, &c. + Ex iis _Sartrix_, 3. + suit _Indusia_, 4. + _Muccinia_, 5. + _Collaria_, 6. _Capitia_, &c. + + These if they be fouled, + are washed again + by the _Laundress_, 7. in water, + or _Lye_ and _Sope_. + Haec, si sordidentur + lavantur rursum, + a _Lotrice_, 7. aquâ, + sive _Lixivio_ ac _Sapone_. + + + + + LXII. + + The Taylor. + Sartor. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Taylor_, 1. cutteth + _Cloth_, 2. with _Shears_, 3. + _Sartor_, 1. discindit + _Pannum_, 2. _Forfice_, 3. + and seweth it together with a _Needle_ + and _double thread_, + consuitque _Acu_ + & _Filo duplicato_, 4. + + Then he presseth the _Seams_ + with a _Pressing-iron_, 5. + Posteâ complanat _Suturas_ + _Ferramento_, 5. + + And thus he maketh + _Coats_, 6. + with _Plaits_, 7. + in which the _Border_, 8. is below + with _Laces_, 9. + Sicque conficit + _Tunicas_, 6. + _Plicatas_, 7. + in quibus infra est _Fimbria_, 8. + cum _Institis_, 9. + + _Cloaks_, 10. + with a _Cape_, 11. + and _Sleeve Coats_, 12. + _Pallia_, 10. + cum _Patagio_, 11. + & _Togas Manicatas_, 12. + + _Doublets_, 13. + with _Buttons_, 14. + and _Cuffs_, 15. + _Thoraces_, 13. + cum _Globulis_, 14. + & _Manicis_, 15. + + _Breeches_, 16. + sometimes with _Ribbons_, 17. + _Caligas_, 16. + aliquando cum _Lemniscis_, 17. + + _Stockins_, 18. + _Tibialia_, 18. + + _Gloves_, 19. + _Muntero Caps_, 20. &c. + _Chirothecas_, 19. + _Amiculum_, 20. &c. + + So the _Furrier_ + maketh _Furred Garments_ + of _Furs_. + Sic _Pellio_ + facit _Pellicia_ + è _Pellibus_. + + + + + LXIII. + + The Shoemaker. + Sutor. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Shoemaker_, 1. + maketh _Slippers_, 7. + _Sutor_, 1. + conficit _Crepidas_ (Sandalia,) 7. + _Shoes_, 8. + (in which is seen + above, the _Upper-leather_, + beneath the _Sole_, + and on both sides + the _Latchets_) + _Calceos_, 8. + (in quibus spectatur + superne _Obstragulum_, + inferne _Solea_, + et utrinque + _Ansæ_) + _Boots_, 9. + and _High Shoes_, 10. + of _Leather_, 5. + (which is cut with + a _Cutting-knife_), 6. + _Ocreas_, 9. + et _Perones_, 10. + e _Corio_, 5. + (quod discinditur + _Scalpro Sutorio_, 6.) + by means of an _Awl_, 2. + and _Lingel_, 3. + upon a _Last_, 4. + ope _Subulæ_, 2. + et Fili _picati_, 3. + super _Modum_, 4. + + + + + LXIV. + + The Carpenter. + Faber lignarius. + + [Illustration] + + + We have seen Man’s food + and clothing: + now his Dwelling followeth. + Hominis victum + & amictum, vidimus: + sequitur nunc Domicilium ejus. + + At first they dwelt + in _Caves_, 1. then in + _Booths_ or _Huts_, 2. + and then again in _Tents_, 3. + at the last in _Houses_. + Primò habitabant + in _Specubus_, 1. deinde in + _Tabernaculis_ vel _Tuguriis_, 2. + tum etiam in _Tentoriis_, 3. + demum in _Domibus_. + + The _Woodman_ + felleth and heweth down + _Trees_, 5. with an _Ax_, 4. + the _Boughs_, 6. remaining. + _Lignator_ + sternit & truncat + _Arbores_, 5. _Securi_, 4. + remanentibus _Sarmentis_, 6. + + He cleaveth _Knotty Wood_ + with a _Wedge_, 7. + which he forceth in + with a _Beetle_, 8. + and maketh _Wood-stacks_, 9. + Findit _Nodosum_, + _Lignum Cuneo_, 7. + quem adigit + _Tudite_, 8. + & componit _Strues_, 9. + + The _Carpenter_ + squareth _Timber_ + with a _Chip-Ax_, 10. + _Faber Lignarius_ + ascit _Ascia_, 10. + _Materiem_, + whence _Chips_, 11. fall, + and saweth it with a _Saw_, 12. + where the _Saw-dust_, 13. + falleth down. + unde _Assulæ_, 11. cadunt, + & serrat _Serrâ_, 12. + ubi _Scobs_, 13. + decidit. + + Afterwards he lifteth + the _Beam_ upon _Tressels_, 14. + Post elevat + _Tignum_ super _Canterios_, 14· + by the help of a _Pully_, 15. + fasteneth it + with _Cramp-irons_, 16. + and marketh it out + with a _Line_, 17. + ope _Trochleæ_, 15. + affigit + _Ansis_, 16. + & lineat + _Amussi_, 17. + + Thus he frameth + the _Walls_ together, 18. + and fasteneth the great pieces + with _Pins_, 19. + Tum compaginat + _Parietes_, 18. + & configit trabes + _Clavis trabalibus_, 19. + + + + + LXV. + + The Mason. + Faber Murarius, + + [Illustration] + + + The _Mason_, 1. + layeth a _Foundation_, + and buildeth _Walls_, 2. + _Faber Murarius_, 1. + ponit _Fundamentum_, + & struit _Muros_, 2. + + Either of _Stones_ + which the _Stone-digger_ + getteth out of the _Quarry_, 3. + and the _Stone-cutter_, 4. + squareth by a _Rule_, 5. + Sive è _Lapidibus_, + quos _Lapidarius_ + eruit in _Lapicidina_, 3. + & _Latomus_, 4. + conquadrat ad _Normam_, 5. + + Or of _Bricks_, 6. + which are made + of _Sand_ and _Clay_ + steeped in water, + and are burned in fire. + Sive è _Lateribus_, 6. + qui formantur, + ex _Arena_ & _Luto_, + aquâ intritis + & excoquuntur igne. + + Afterwards he plaistereth it + with _Lime_, + by means of a _Trowel_, + and garnisheth with + a _Rough-cast_, 8. + Dein crustat + _Calce_, + ope _Trullæ_, 7. + & vestit _Tectorio_, 8. + + + + + LXVI. + + Engines. + Machinæ. + + [Illustration] + + + One can carry + as much by thrusting + a _Wheel-barrow_, 3. + before him, + (having an _Harness_, 4. + hanging on his neck,) + Unus potest ferre + tantum trudendo + _Pabonem_, 3. + ante se, + (_Ærumna_, + Suspensâ a Collo) + as two men + can carry on a _Colestaff_, 1. + or _Hand-barrow_, 2. + quantum duo + possunt ferre _Palangâ_, + vel _Feretro_, 2. + + But he can do more that + rolleth a Weight laid upon + _Rollers_, 6. with a _Leaver_, 5. + Plus autem potest qui + provolvit Molem impositam + _Phalangis_ (Cylindris, 6.) + _Vecte_, 5. + + A _Wind-beam_, 7. + is a post, which + is turned by going about it. + _Ergata_, 7. + est columella, quæ + versatur circumeundo. + + A _Crane_, 8. + hath a _Hollow-wheel_, + in which one walking + draweth weights out of a Ship, + or letteth them down + into a Ship. + _Geranium_, 8. + habet _Tympanum_, + cui inambulans quis + extrahit pondera navi, + aut demittit in navem. + + A _Rammer_, 9. + is used to fasten + _Piles_, 10. + _Fistuca_, 9. + adhibetur ad pangendum + _Sublicas_, 10. + it is lifted with a Rope + drawn by _Pullies_, 11. + or with hands. + if it have _handles_, 12. + adtollitur Fune + tracto per _Trochleas_, 11. + vel manibus, + si habet _ansas_, 12. + + + + + LXVII. + + A House. + Domus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Porch_, 1. + is before the _Door_ + of the _House_. + _Vestibulum_, 1. + est ante _Januam_ + _Domûs_. + + The _Door_ hath + a _Threshold_, 2. + and a _Lintel_, 3. + and _Posts_, 4. on both sides. + _Janua_ habet + _Limen_, 2. + & _Superliminare_, 3. + & _Postes_, 4. utrinque. + + The _Hinges_, 5. + are upon the right hand, + upon which the _Doors_, 6. hang, + _Cardines_, 5. + sunt a dextris, + à quibus pendent _Fores_, 6. + the _Latch_, 7. + and the _Bolt_, 8. + are on the left hand. + _Claustrum_, 7. + aut _Pessulus_, 8. + a sinistris. + + Before the House + is a _Fore-court_, 9. + with a _Pavement_ + of _square stones_, 10. + Sub ædibus + est _Cavædium_, 9. + _Pavimento_ + _Tessellato_, 10. + born up with _Pillars_, 11. + in which is the _Chapiter_, 12. + and the _Base_, 13. + fulcitum _Columnis_, 11. + in quibus _Peristylium_, 12. + & _Basis_, 13. + + They go up into the upper + Stories by _Greeses_, 14. + and _Winding-stairs_, 15. + Ascenditur in superiores + contignationes per _Scalas_, 14. + & _Cochlidia_, 15. + + The _Windows_, 16. + appear on the outside, + _Fenestræ_, 16. + apparent extrinsecus, + and the _Grates_, 17. + the _Galleries_, 18. + the _Watertables_, 19. + the _Butteresses_, 20. + to bear up the walls. + & _Cancelli_ (clathra), 17. + _Pergulæ_, 18. + _Suggrundia_, 19. + & _Fulcra_, 20. + fulciendis muris. + + On the top is the _Roof_, 21. + covered with _Tyles_, 22. + or _Shingles_, 23. + which lie upon _Laths_, 24. + and these upon _Rafters_, 25. + In summo est _Tectum_, 21. + contectum _Imbricibus_ + (_tegulis_), 22. + vel _Scandulis_, 23. + quæ incumbunt _Tigillis_, 24. + hæc _Tignis_, 25. + + The _Eaves_, 26. + adhere to the _Roof_. + _Tecto_ adhæret + _Stillicidium_, 26. + + The place without a Roof + is called an _open Gallery_, 27. + Locus sine Tecto + dicitur _Subdiale_, 27. + + In the Roof are + _Jettings out_, 28. + and _Pinnacles_, 29. + In Tecto sunt + _Meniana_, 28. + & _Coronides_, 29. + + + + + LXVIII. + + A Mine. + Metallifodina. + + [Illustration] + + + _Miners_, 1. + go into the _Grave_, 2. + by a _Stick_, 3. + or by _Ladders_, 4. + with _Lanthorns_, 5. + _Metalli fossores_, 1. + ingrediuntur _Puteum fodinæ_, 2. + _Bacillo_, 3. + sive _Gradibus_, 4. + cum _Lucernis_, 5. + and dig out with a _Pick_, 6. + the _Oar_, + which being put in _Baskets_, 7. + is drawn out with a _Rope_, 8. + by means of a _Turn_, 9. + & effodiunt _Ligone_, 6. + _terram Metallicam_, + quæ imposita _Corbibus_, 7. + extrahitur _Fune_, 8. + ope _Machinæ tractoriæ_, 9. + and is carried + to the _Melting-house_, 10. + where it is forced with fire, + that the _Metal_ may run out, 12. + & defertur + in _Ustrinam_, 10. + ubi urgetur igne, + ut _Metallum_, 12. profluat + the _Dross_, 11. + is thrown aside. + _Scoriæ_, 11. + abjiciuntur seorsim. + + + + + LXIX. + + The Blacksmith. + Faber Ferrarius. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Blacksmith_, 1. + in his _Smithy_ (or Forge), 2. + bloweth the fire + _Faber ferrarius_, 1. + in _Ustrina_ (Fabricâ), 2. + inflat ignem + with a _pair of Bellows_, 3. + which he bloweth + with his _Feet_, 4. + and so heateth the _Iron_: + _Folle_, 3. + quem adtollit + _Pede_, 4. + atq; ita candefacit _Ferrum_: + + And then he taketh it out + with the _Tongs_, 5. + layeth it upon the _Anvile_, 6. + and striketh it + with an _Hammer_, 7. + where the _sparks_, 8. fly off. + Deinde eximit + _Forcipe_, 5. + imponit _Incudi_, 6. + & cudit + _Malleo_, 7. + ubi _Stricturæ_, 8. exiliunt. + + And thus are hammer’d out, + _Nails_, 9. + _Horse-shoes_, 10. + _Cart-strakes_, 11. + _Chains_, 12. + Et sic excuduntur, + _Clavi_, 9. + _Solea_, 10. + _Canthi_, 11. + _Catenæ_, 12. + _Plates_, _Locks_ and _Keys_, + _Hinges_, &c. + _Laminæ_, _Seræ_ cum _Clavibus_, + _Cardines_, &c. + + He quencheth hot Irons + in a _Cool-trough_. + Restinguit cadentia, + Ferramenta in _Lacu_. + + + + + LXX. + + The Box-maker and the Turner. + Scrinarius & Tornator. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Box-maker_, 1. + smootheth _hewen Boards_, 2. + with a _Plain_, 3. + upon a _work-board_, 4. + _Arcularius_, 1. + edolat _Asseres_, 2. + _Runcina_, 3. + in _Tabula_, 4. + he maketh them very smooth + with a _little-plain_, 5. + he boreth them thorow + with an _Augre_, 6. + deplanat + _Planula_, 5. + perforat (terebrat) + _Terebra_, 6. + carveth them + with a _Knife_, 7. + fasteneth them together + with _Glew_ and _Cramp-Irons_, 8. + sculpit + _Cultro_, 7. + combinat + _Glutine_ & _Subscudibus_, 8. + and maketh _Tables_, 9. + _Boards_, 10. + _Chests_, 11. &c. + & facit _Tabulas_, 9. + _Mensas_, 10. + _Arcus_ (Cistas), 11. &c. + + The _Turner_, 12. + sitting over the _Treddle_, 13. + turneth with a _Throw_, 15. + upon a _Turner’s Bench_, 14. + _Tornio_, 12. + sedens in _Insili_, 13. + tornat _Torno_, 15. + super _Scamno Tornatorio_, 14. + _Bowls_, 16. _Tops_, 17, + _Puppets_, 18. and + such like _Turners Work_. + _Globos_, 16. _Conos_, 17. + _Icunculas_, 18. & + similia _Toreumata_. + + + + + LXXI. + + The Potter. + Figulus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Potter_, 1. + sitting over a _Wheel_, 2. + maketh _Pots_, 4. + _Pitchers_, 5. + _Pipkins_, 6. + _Figulus_, 1. + sedens super _Rota_, 2. + format _Ollas_, 4. + _Urceos_, 5. + _Tripodes_, 6. + _Platters_, 7. + _Pudding-pans_, 8. + _Juggs_, 9. + _Lids_, 10. &c. + of _Potter’s Clay_, 3. + _Patinas_, 7. + _Vasa testacea_, 8. + _Fidelias_, 9. + _Opercula_, 10. &c. + ex _Argillâ_, 3. + afterwards he baketh them + in an _Oven_, 11. + and glazeth them + with _White Lead_. + postea excoquit + in _Furno_, 11. + & incrustat + _Lithargyro_. + + A broken Pot affordeth + _Pot-sheards_, 1 + Fracta Olla dat + _Testas_, 12. + + + + + LXXII. + + The Parts of a House. + Partes Domus. + + [Illustration] + + + A _House_ is divided + into inner _Rooms_, + such as are the _Entry_, 1. + _Domus_ distinguitur + in _Conclavia_, + ut sunt _Atrium_, 1. + the _Stove_, 2. + the _Kitchen_, 3. + the _Buttery_, 4. + the _Dining Room_, 5. + _Hypocaustum_, 2. + _Culina_, 3. + _Cella Penuaria_, 4. + _Cœnaculum_, 5. + the _Gallery_, 6. + the _Bed Chamber_, 7. + with a _Privy_, 8. + made by it. + _Camera_, 6. + _Cubiculum_, 7. + cum _Secessu_ (Latrina), 8. + adstructo. + + _Baskets_, 9. + are of use for + carrying things. + and _Chests_, 10. (which are + made fast with a _Key_, 11.) + for keeping them. + _Corbes_, 9. + inserviunt + rebus transferendis, + _Arcæ_, 10. (quæ + _Clavâ_, 11. recluduntur) + adservandis illis. + + Under the _Roof_, + is the _Floor_, 12. + Sub _Tecto_, + est _Solum_ (Pavimentum), 12. + + In the _Yard_, 13. + is a _Well_, 14. + a _Stable_, 15. + and a _Bath_, 16. + In _Area_, 13. + _Puteus_, 14. + _Stabulum_, 15. + cum _Balneo_, 16. + + Under the House + is the _Cellar_, 17. + Sub Domo + est _Cella_, 17. + + + + + LXXIII. + + The Stove with the Bed-room. + Hypocaustum cum Dormitorio. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Stove_, 1. + is beautified + with an _Arched Roof_, 2. + and _wainscoted Walls_, 3. + _Hypocaustum_, 1. + ornatur + _Laqueari_, 2. + & _tabulatis Parietibus_, 3. + + It is enlightened + with _Windows_, 4. + Illuminatur + _Fenestris_, 4. + + It is heated + with an _Oven_, 5. + Calefit + _Fornace_, 5. + + Its Utensils are + _Benches_, 6. + _Stools_, 7. + _Tables_, 8. + Ejus Utensilia sunt + _Scamna_, 6. + _Sellæ_, 7. + _Mensæ_, 8. + with _Tressels_, 9. + _Footstools_, 10. + and _Cushions_, 11. + cum _Fulcris_, 9. + ac _Scabellis_, 10. + & _Culcitris_, 11. + + There are also _Tapestries_ + hanged, 12. + Appenduntur etiam + _Tapetes_, 12. + + For soft lodging + in a _Sleeping-room_, 13. + there is a _Bed_, 14. + Pro levi cubatu, + in _Dormitorio_, 13. + est _Lectus_, (Cubile) 14. + spread on a _Bed-sted_, 15. + upon a _Straw-pad_, 16. + with _Sheets_, 17. + and _Cover-lids_, 18. + stratus in _Sponda_, 15. + super _Stramentum_, 16. + cum _Lodicibus_, 17. + & _Stragulis_, 18. + + The _Bolster_, 19. + is under ones head. + _Cervical_, 19. + est sub capite. + + The Bed is covered + with a _Canopy_, 20. + _Canopeo_, 20. + _Lectus_ tegitur. + + A _Chamber-pot_, 21. + is for making water in. + _Matula_, 21. + est vesicæ levandæ. + + + + + LXXIV. + + Wells. + Putei. + + [Illustration] + + + Where _Springs_ are wanting, + _Wells_, 1. are digged. + and they are compassed about + with a _Brandrith_, 2. + lest any one fall in. + Ubi _Fontes_ deficiunt, + _Putei_, 1. effodiuntur, + & circumdantur + _Crepidine_, 2. + ne quis incidat. + + Thence is water drawn + with _Buckets_, 3. + hanging either at a _Pole_, 4. + or a _Rope_, 5. + or a _Chain_, 6. + Inde aqua hauritur + _Urnis_ (situlis), 3. + pendentibus vel _Pertica_, 4. + vel _Fune_, 5. + vel _Catena_, 6. + and that either by a _Swipe_, 7. + or a _Windle_, 8. + or a _Turn_, 9. + idque aut _Tollenone_, 7. + aut _Girgillo_, 8. + aut _Cylindro_, 9. + with a _Handle_ + or a _Wheel_, 10. + or to conclude, + by a _Pump_, 11. + _Manubriato_. + aut _Rota_ (tympano), 10. + aut denique + _Antliâ_, 11. + + + + + LXXV. + + The Bath. + Balneum. + + [Illustration] + + + He that desireth to be wash’d + in cold water, + goeth down into a _River_, 1. + Qui cupit lavari + aquâ frigidâ, + descendit in _Fluvium_, 1. + + In a _Bathing-house_, 2. + we wash off the _filth_ + either sitting in a _Tub_, 3. + In _Balneario_, 2. + abluimus _squalores_, + sive sedentes in _Labro_, 3. + or going up + into the _Hot-house_, 4. + and we are rubbed + with a _Pumice-stone_, 6. + or a _Hair-cloth_, 5. + sive conscendentes + in _Sudatorium_, 4. + & defricamur + _Pumice_, 6. + aut _Cilicio_, 5. + + In the _Stripping-room_, 7. + we put off our clothes, + and are tyed about + with an _Apron_, 8. + In _Apodyterio_, 7. + exuimus Vestes, + & præcingimur + _Castula_ (Subligari), 8. + + We cover our Head + with a _Cap_, 9. + and put our feet + into a _Bason_, 10. + Tegimus caput + _Pileolo_, 9. + & imponimus pedes + _Telluvio_, 10. + + The _Bath-woman_, 11. + reacheth water in a _Bucket_, 12. + drawn out of the _Trough_, 13. + into which it runneth + out of _Pipes_, 14. + _Balneatrix_, 11. + ministrat aquam _Situla_, 12. + haustam ex _Alveo_, 13. + in quem defluit + è _Canalibus_, 14. + + The _Bath-keeper_, 15. + lanceth with a _Lancet_, 16. + _Balneator_, 15. + scarificat _Scalpro_, 16. + and by applying + _Cupping-glasses_, 17. + he draweth the _Blood_ + betwixt the skin and the flesh, + which he wipeth away + with a _Spunge_, 18. + & applicando + _Cucurbitas_, 17. + extrahit _Sanguinem_ + subcutaneum, + quem abstergit + _Spongiâ_, 18. + + + + + LXXVI. + + The Barbers Shop. + Tonstrina. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Barber_, 1. + in the _Barbers-shop_, 2. + cutteth off the _Hair_ + and the _Beard_ + _Tonsor_, 1. + in _Tonstrina_, 2. + tondet _Crines_ + & _Barbam_ + with a pair of _Sizzars_, 3. + or shaveth with a _Razor_, + which he taketh + out of his _Case_, 4. + _Forcipe_, 3. + vel radit _Novaculâ_, + quam depromit + è _Theca_, 4. + + And he washeth one + over a _Bason_, 5. + with _Suds_ running + out of a _Laver_, 6. + and also with _Sope_, 7. + Et lavat + super _Pelvim_, 5. + _Lixivio_ defluente + è _Gulturnio_, 6. + ut & _Sapone_, 7. + and wipeth him + with a _Towel_, 8. + combeth him with a _Comb_, 9. + and curleth him + with a _Crisping Iron_, 10. + & tergit + _Linteo_, 8. + pectit _Pectine_, 9. + crispat + _Calamistro_, 10. + + Sometimes he cutteth a _Vein_ + with a _Pen-knife_, 11. + where the Blood + spirteth out, 12. + Interdum secat Venam + _Scalpello_, 11. + ubi Sanguis + propullulat, 12. + + The _Chirurgeon_ cureth + _Wounds_. + _Chirurgus_ curat + _Vulnera_. + + + + + LXXVII. + + The Stable. + Equile. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Horse-keeper_, 1. + cleaneth the _Stable_ + from _Dung_, 2. + _Stabularius_ (Equiso), 1. + purgat _Stabulum_ + a _Fimo_, 2. + + He tyeth a _Horse_, 3. + with a _Halter_, 4. + to the _Manger_, 5. + aut si mordax + constringit + _Fiscella_, 6. + or if he apt to bite, + he maketh him fast + with a _Muzzle_, 6. + Alligat _Equum_, 3. + _Capistro_, 4. + ad _Præsepe_, 5. + + Then he streweth _Litter_, 7. + under him. + Deinde substernit + _Stramenta_, 7. + + He _winnoweth Oats_ + with a _Van_, 8. + (being mixt with Chaff, + and taken out + of a _Chest_, 10.) + _Ventilat Avenam_, + _Vanno_, 8. + (Paleis mixtam, + ac depromptam + à _Cista Pabulatoria_, 10.) + and with them feedeth the Horse, + as also with _Hay_, 9. + eâque pascit equum, + ut & _Fœno_, 9. + + Afterwards he leadeth him + to the _Watering-trough_, 11. + to water. + Postea ducit + ad _Aquarium_, 11. + aquatum. + + Then he rubbeth him + with a _Cloth_, 12. + combeth him + with a _Curry-comb_, 15. + covereth him + with an _Housing-cloth_, 14. + Tum detergit + _Panno_, 12. + depectit + _Strigili_, 15. + insternit + _Gausape_, 14. + and looketh upon his _Hoofs_ + whether the _Shoes_, 13. + be fast with the _Nails_. + & inspicit _Soleas_, + an _Calcei ferrei_, 13. + firmis _Clavis_ hæreant. + + + + + LXXVIII. + + Dials. + Horologia. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Dial_ + measureth Hours. + _Horologium_ + dimetitur Horas. + + A _Sun-dial_, 1. + sheweth by the shadow + of the _Pin_, 2. + what a _Clock_ it is; + either on a Wall, + or a _Compass_, 3, + _Solarium_, 1. + ostendit umbrâ + _Gnomonis_, 2. + quota sit _Hora_; + sive in Pariete, + sive in _Pyxide Magnetica_, 3. + + An _Hour-glass_, 4. + sheweth the four parts of an hour + by the running of _Sand_, + heretofore of water. + _Clepsydra_, 4. + ostendit partes horæ quatuor, + fluxu _Arenæ_, + olim aquæ. + + A _Clock_, 5. + numbereth also + the Hours of the Night, + _Automaton_, 5. + numerat etiam + Nocturnas Horas, + by the turning of the Wheels, + the greatest whereof + is drawn by a _Weight_, 6. + and draweth the rest. + circulatione Rotarum, + quarum maxima + trahitur à _Pondere_, 6. + & trahit cæteras. + + Then either the _Bell_, 7. + by its sound, being struck on + by the _Hammer_, + or the _Hand_, 8. without, + by its motion about + sheweth the hour. + Tum vel _Campana_, 7. + sonitu suo, percussâ + a _Malleolo_, + vel _Index_ extra + Circuitione sua + indicat horam. + + + + + LXXIX. + + The Picture. + Pictura. + + [Illustration] + + + _Pictures_, 1. + delight the Eyes + and adorn Rooms. + _Picturæ_, 1. + oblectant Oculos + & ornant Conclavia. + + The _Painter_, 2. + painteth an _Image_ + with a _Pencil_, 3. + _Pictor_, 2. + pingit _Effigiem_ + _Penicilio_, 3. + in a _Table_, 4. + upon a _Case-frame_, 5. + holding his _Pollet_, 6. + in his left hand, + in _Tabula_, 4. + super _Pluteo_, 5. + tenens _Orbem Pictorium_, 6. + in sinistra, + on which are the _Paints_ + which were ground + by the _Boy_, 7. on a _Marble_. + in quo _Pigmenta_ + quæ terebantur + à _puero_, 7. in _marmore_. + + The _Carver_ + and _Statuary_ + carve _Statues_, 8. + of Wood and Stone. + _Sculptor_, + & _Statuarius_ + exsculpunt _Statuas_, 8. + è Ligno & Lapide. + + The _Graver_ + and the _Cutter_ + grave _Shapes_, 10. + and _Characters_ + _Cœlator_ + & _Scalptor_ + insculpit _Figuras_, 10. + & _Characteres_, + with a _Graving Chesil_, 9. + in Wood, Brass, + and other Metals. + _Cœlo_, 9. + Ligno, Æri, + aliisque Metallis. + + + + + LXXX. + + Looking-glasses. + Specularia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Looking-glasses_, 1. + are provided that Men + may see themselves. + _Specularia_, 1. + parantur, ut homines + intueantur seipsos. + + _Spectacles_, 2. + that he may see better, + who hath a weak sight. + _Perspicilla_, 2. + ut cernat acius + qui habet visum debilem. + + Things afar off are seen + in a _Perspective Glass_, 3. + as things near at hand. + Remota videntur + per _telescopium_, 3. + ut proxima. + + A _Flea_ appeareth + in a _muliplying-glass_, 4. + like a little hog. + _Pulex_, 4. + in _Microscopio_ apparet + ut porcellus. + + The Rays of the Sun, + burn wood + through a _Burning-glass_, 5. + Radii Solis + accendunt ligna + per _Vitrum urens_, 5. + + + + + LXXXI. + + The Cooper. + Vietor. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Cooper_, 1. + having an _Apron_, 2, + tied about him, + _Vietor_, 1. + amictus + _Præcinctorio_, 2. + maketh _Hoops_ + of _Hazel-rods_, 3. + upon a _cutting-block_, 4. + with a _Spoke-Shave_, 5. + and _Lags_, 6. of _Timber_, + facit _Circulos_, + è _Virgis Colurnis_, 3. + super _Sellam incisoriam_, 4. + _Scalpro bimanubriato_, 5. + & _Assulas_, 6. ex _Ligno_. + + Of _Lags_ he maketh + _Hogsheads_, 7. and _Pipes_, 8. + with two _Heads_; + Ex Assulis conficit + _Dolia_, 7. & _Cupas_, 8. + _Fundo_ bino; + and _Tubs_, 9. + _Soes_, 10. + _Flaskets_, 11. + _Buckets_, 12. + with one Bottom. + tum _Lacus_, 9. + _Labra_, 10. + _Pitynas_ [Trimodia], 11. + & _Situlas_, 12. + fundo uno. + + Then he bindeth them + with _Hoops_, 13. + which he tyeth fast + with small _Twigs_, 15. + Postea vincit + _Circulis_, 13. + quos ligat + _Viminibus_, 15. + by means of a _Cramp-iron_, 14. + and he fitteth them on + with a _Mallet_, 16. + and a _Driver_, 17. + ope _Falcis vietoriæ_, 14. + & aptat + _Tudite_, 16. + ac _Tudicula_, 17. + + + + + LXXXII. + + The Roper, and the Cordwainer. + Restio, & Lorarius. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Roper_, 1. + twisteth _Cords_, 2. + of _Tow_, or _Hemp_, 4. + _Restio_, 1. + contorquet _Funes_, 2. + è _Stupa_, 4. vel _Cannabi_, + (which he wrappeth about + himself) + by the turning of a _Wheel_, 3. + quam circumdat + sibi + agitatione _Rotulæ_, 3. + + Thus are made + first _Cords_, 5. + then _Ropes_, 6. + and at last, _Cables_, 7. + Sic fiunt, + primò _Funiculi_, 5. + tum _Restes_, 6. + tandem _Rudentes_, 7. + + The _Cord-wainer_, 8. + cutteth great _Thongs_, 10. + _Bridles_, 11. + _Girdles_, 12. + _Lorarius_, 8. + scindit _Loramenta_, 10. + _Fræna_, 11. + _Cingula_, 12. + _Sword-belts_, 13. + _Pouches_, 14. + _Port-mantles_, 15. &c. + out of a _Beast-hide_, 9. + _Baltheos_, 13. + _Crumenas_, 14. + _Hippoperas_, 15., &c. + de _corio bubulo_, 9. + + + + + LXXXIII. + + The Traveller. + Viator. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Traveller_, 1. + beareth on his shoulders + in a _Budget_, 2. + those things + which his _Satchel_, 3. + or _Pouch_, 4. cannot hold. + Viator, 1. + portat humeris + in _Bulga_, 2. + quæ non capit + _Funda_, 3. + vel _Marsupium_, 4. + + He is covered + with a _Cloak_, 5. + Tegitur + _Lacernâ_, 5. + + He holdeth a _Staff_, 6. + in his hand wherewith + to bear up himself. + Tenet _Baculum_, 6. + Manu quo + se fulciat. + + He hath need of + _Provision for the way_, + as also of a pleasant and + merry _Companion_, 7. + Opus habet + _Viatico_, + ut & fido & + facundo _Comite_, 7. + + Let him not forsake + the _High-road_, 9. + for a _Foot-way_, 8. + unless it be a _beaten Path_. + Non deserat + _Viam regiam_ + propter _Semitam_, 8. + nisi sit _Callis tritus_. + + _By-ways_, 10. + and _places where two ways meet_, 11. + deceive and lead men aside + _Avia_, 10. + & _Bivia_, 11. + fallunt & seducunt, + into _uneven-places_, 12. + so do not _By-paths_, 13. + and _Cross-ways_, 14. + in _Salebras_, 12. + non æquè _Tramites_, 13. + & _Compita_, 14, + + Let him therefore enquire + of _those he meeteth_, 15. + which way he must go; + Sciscitet igitur + _obvios_, 15. + quà sit eundum; + and let him take heed + of _Robbers_, 16. + as in the _way_, so also + in the _Inn_, 17. + where he lodgeth all Night. + & caveat + _Prædones_, 16. + ut in _viâ_, sic etiam + in _Diversorio_, 17. + ubi pernoctat. + + + + + LXXXIV. + + The Horse-man. + Eques. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Horse-man_, 1. + setteth a _Saddle_, 2. + on his _Horse_, 3. + and girdeth it on + with a _Girth_, 4. + _Eques_, 1. + imponit _Equo_, 2. + _Ephippium_, 3. + idque succingit + _Cingulo_, 4. + + He layeth a _Saddle-cloth_, 5. + also upon him. + Insternit etiam + _Dorsuale_, 5. + + He decketh him with + _Trappings_, a _Fore-stall_, 6. + a _Breast-cloth_, 7. + and a _Crupper_, 8. + Ornat eum + _Phaleris_, _Frontali_, 6. + _Antilena_, 7. + & _Postilena_, 8, + + Then he getteth upon + his Horse, putteth his feet + into the _Stirrops_, 9. + taketh + the _Bridle-rein_, 10. 11. + Deinde insilit in + Equum, indit pedes + _Stapedibus_, 9. + capessit _Lorum_ + (habenam), 10. _Freni_, 11. + in his left hand, + wherewith he guideth + and holdeth the Horse. + sinistrâ + quo flectit, + & retinet Equum. + + Then he putteth to + his _Spurs_, 12. + and setteth him on + with a _Switch_, 13. + and holdeth him in + with a _Musrol_, 14. + Tum admovet + _Calcaria_, 12. + incitatque + _Virgula_, 13. + & coërcet + _Postomide_, 14. + + The _Holsters_, 15. + hang down from the _Pummel_ + of the _Saddle_, 16. + in which the _Pistols_, 17. + are put. + _Bulgæ_, 15. + pendent ex _Apice_ + _Ephippii_, 16. + quibus _Sclopi_, 17. + inseruntur. + + The Rider is clad in + a short _Coat_, 18. + his _Cloak_ being tyed + behind him, 19. + Ipse Eques induitur + _Chlamyde_, 18. + _Lacernâ_ revinctâ, 19. + à tergo. + + A _Post_, 20. + is carried on Horseback + at full Gallop. + _Veredarius_, 20. + fertur Equo + cursim. + + + + + LXXXV. + + Carriages. + Vehicula. + + [Illustration] + + + We are carried on a _Sled_, 1. + over Snow and Ice. + Vehimur _Trahâ_, 1. + super Nivibus & Glacie. + + A Carriage with one Wheel, + is called a _Wheelbarrow_, 2. + with two Wheels, a _Cart_, 3. + Vehiculum unirotum, + dicitur _Pabo_, 2. + birotum, _Carrus_, 3. + with four Wheels, a _Wagon_, + which is either + a _Timber-wagon_, 4. + or a _Load-wagon_, 5. + quadrirotum, _Currus_, + qui vel + _Sarracum_, 4. + vel _Plaustrum_, 5. + + The parts of the Wagon are, + the _Neep_ (or draught-tree), 6. + the _Beam_, 7. + the _Bottom_, 8. + and the _Sides_, 9. + Partes Currûs sunt, + _Temo_, 6. + _Jugum_, 7. + _Compages_, 8. + _Spondæ_, 9. + + Then the _Axle-trees_, 10. + about which the _Wheels_ run, + the _Lin-pins_, 11. + and _Axletree-staves_, 12. + being fastened before them. + Tum _Axes_, 10. + circa quos _Rotæ_ currunt, + _Paxillis_, 11. + & _Obicibus_, 12. + præfixis. + + The _Nave_, 13. is + the groundfast of the _Wheel_, 14. + from which come + twelve _Spokes_, 15. + _Modiolus_, 13. est + Basis _Rotæ_, 14. + ex quo prodeunt + duodecim _Radii_, 15. + + The _Ring_ encompasseth + these, which is made + of six _Felloes_, 16. + and as many _Strakes_, 17. + _Orbile_ ambit + hos, compositum + è sex _Absidibus_, 16. + & totidem _Canthis_, 17. + _Hampiers_ and _Hurdles_, 18, + are set in a Wagon. + _Corbes_ & _Crates_, 18. + imponuntur Currui. + + + + + LXXXVI. + + Carrying to and fro. + Vectura. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Coach-man_, 1. + joineth a _Horse fit to match_ + _a Saddle-horse_, 2, 3. + _Auriga_, 1. + jungit _Parippum_, 2. + _Sellario_, 3. + to the _Coach-tree_, + with _Thongs_ or _Chains_, 5. + hanging down from + the _Collar_, 4. + ad _Temonem_, + _Loris_ vel _Catenis_, 5. + dependentibus de + _Helcio_, 4. + + Then he sitteth upon + the _Saddle-horse_, + and driveth them that go + before him, 6. + with a _Whip_, 7. + and guideth them + with a _String_, 8 + Deinde insidet + _Sellario_, + agit ante se + antecessores, 6. + _Scuticâ_, 7. + & flectit + _Funibus_, 8. + + He greaseth the _Axle-tree_ + with _Axle-tree grease_ + out of a _Grease-pot_, 9. + and stoppeth the wheel + with a _Trigen_, 10. + in a steep descent. + Ungit _Axem_ + _Axungiâ_, + ex _vase unguentorio_, 9. + & inhibet rotam + Sufflamine, 10. + in præcipiti descensu. + + And thus the Coach is driven + along the _Wheel-ruts_, 11. + Et sic aurigatur + per _Orbitas_, 11. + + _Great Persons_ are carryed + _with six Horses_, 12. + by two _Coachmen_, + in a Hanging-wagon, + which is called + a _Coach_, 13. + _Magnates_ vehuntur + _Sejugibus_, 12. + duobus _Rhedariis_, + Curru pensili, + qui vocatur + _Carpentum_ (Pilentum), 13. + + Others _with two Horses_, 14. + in a _Chariot_, 15. + Alii _Bijugibus_, 14. + _Essedo_, 15. + + _Horse Litters_, 16, 17. + are carried by two Horses. + _Arceræ_, 16. & _Lacticæ_, 17. + portantur à duobus Equis. + + They use + _Pack-Horses_, + instead of _Waggons_, + thorow _Hills_ + that are not passable, 18. + Utuntur + _Jumentis Clitellariis_, + loco _Curruum_, + per _montes_ + invios, 18. + + + + + LXXXVII. + + Passing over Waters. + Transitus Aquarum. + + [Illustration] + + + Lest he that is to pass + over a River should be wet, + _Bridges_, 1. + were invented for Carriages, + and _Foot-bridges_, 2. + for Foot-men. + Trajecturus + flumen ne madefiat, + _Pontes_, 1. + excogitati sunt pro Vehiculis + & _Ponticuli_, 2. + pro Peditibus. + + If a river + have a _Foord_, 3. + it is _waded over_, 4. + Si Flumen + habet _Vadum_, 3. + _vadatur_, 4. + + _Flotes_, 5. also are made + of Timber pinned together; + or _Ferry-boats_, 6. + of planks laid close together + for fear they should + receive Water. + _Rates_, 5. etiam struuntur + ex compactis tignis: + vel _Pontones_, 6. + ex trabibus consolidatis, + ne excipiant aquam. + + Besides _Scullers_, 7. + are made, which + are rowed with an _Oar_, 8. + or _Pole_, 9. + or haled + with an _Haling-rope_, 10. + Porrò _Lintres_ (Lembi), 7. + fabricantur, qui + aguntur _Remo_, 8. + vel _Conto_, 9. + aut trahuntur + _Remulco_, 10. + + + + + LXXXVIII. + + Swimming. + Natatus. + + [Illustration] + + + Men are wont also + to swim over Waters + upon a _bundle of flags_, 1. + Solent etiam + tranare aquas + super _scirpeum fascem_, 1. + and besides upon blown + _Beast-bladders_, 2. + and after, by throwing + their _Hands_ and _Feet_, 3. + abroad. + porrò super inflatas + _boum Vesicas_, 2. + deinde liberè jactatu + _Manuum Pedumque_, 3. + + And at last they learned + _to tread the water_, 4. + being plunged + up to the girdle-stead, + and carrying + their Cloaths upon their head. + Tandem didicerunt + _calcare aquam_, 4. + immersi + cingulo tenus + & gestantes + Vestes supra caput. + + A _Diver_, 5. + can swim also under + the water like a Fish. + _Urinator_, 5. + etiam natare potest sub + aquâ, ut Piscis. + + + + + LXXXIX. + + A Galley. + Navis actuaria. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Ship_ furnished + with _Oars_, 1. + is a _Barge_, 2. + or a _Foyst_, &c. + _Navìs_ instructa + _Remis_, 1. + est _Uniremis_, 2. + vel _Biremis_, &c. + in which the _Rowers_, 3. + sitting on _Seats_, 4. + by the _Oar-rings_, + row, by striking the water + with the _Oars_, 5. + in quâ _Remiges_, 3. + considentes pre _Transtra_, 4. + ad _Scalmos_, + remigant pellendo aquam + _Remis_, + + The _Ship-master_, 6. + standing in the _Fore-castle_, + _Proreta_, 6. + stans in _Prora_, + and the _Steers-man_, 7. + sitting at the _Stern_, + and holding the _Rudder_, 8. + steer the _Vessel_. + & _Gubernator_, 7. + sedens in _Puppi_, + tenensque _Clavum_, 8. + gubernant _Navigium_. + + + + + XC. + + A Merchant-ship. + Navis oneraria. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Ship_, 1. + is driven onward + not by Oars, but by the only + force of the Winds. + _Navigium_, 1. + impellitur, + non remis, sed solâ + vi Ventorum. + + In it is a _Mast_, 2. set up, + fastened with _Shrowds_, 3. + on all sides to + the _main-chains_. + In illo _Malus_, 2. erigitur, + firmatus _Funibus_, 3. + undique ad _Oras Navis_, + to which the _Sail-yards_, 4. + are tied, + and the _Sails_, 5. to these, + which are _spread open_, 6. + to the wind, + and are hoysed by _Bowlings_, 7. + cui annectuntur + _Antennæ_, 4. + his, _Vela_, 5. + quæ _expanduntur_, 6. + ad Ventum + & _Versoriis_, 7. versantur. + + The Sails are + the _Main-sail_, 8. + the _Trinket_, or _Fore-sail_, 9. + the _Misen-sail_ or _Poop-sail_, 10. + Vela sunt + _Artemon_, 8. + _Dolon_, 9. + & _Epidromus_, 10. + + The _Beak_, 11. + is in the _Fore-deck_. + _Rostrum_, 11. + est in _Prora_. + + The _Ancient_, 12. + is placed in the _Stern_. + _Signum_ (vexillum), 12. + ponitur in _Puppi_. + + On the Mast + is the _Foretop_, 13. + the _Watch-tower_ of the Ship + In Malo + est _Corbis_, 13. + _Specula_ Navis + and over the _Fore-top_ + a _Vane_, 14. + to shew which way + the Wind standeth. + & supra _Galeam_ + _Aplustre_, 14. + Ventorum Index. + + The ship is stayed + with an _Anchor_, 15. + Navis sistitur + _Anchorâ_, 15. + + The depth is fathomed + with a _Plummet_, 16. + Profunditas exploratur + _Bolide_, 16. + + Passengers walk up and down + the _Decks_, 17. + Navigantes deambulant + in _Tabulato_, 17. + + The Sea men run to and fro + through the _Hatches_, 18. + Nautæ cursitant + per _Foros_, 18. + + And thus, even Seas + are passed over. + Atque ita, etiam Maria + trajiciuntur. + + + + + XCI. + + Ship-wreck. + Naufragium. + + [Illustration] + + + When a _Storm_, 1. + ariseth on a sudden, + they strike _Sail_, 2. + Cum _Procella_, 1. + oritur repentè + contrahunt _Vela_, 2. + lest the Ship should be + dashed against _Rocks_, 3 or + light upon _Shelves_, 4. + ne Navis + ad _Scopulos_, 3. allidatur, aut + incidat in _Brevia_ (Syrtes), 4. + + If they cannot hinder her + they suffer _Ship-wreck_, 5. + Si non possunt prohibere + patiuntur _Naufragium_, 5. + + And then the men, + the _Wares_, and all things + are miserably lost. + Tum Homines, + _Merces_, omnia + miserabiliter pereunt. + + Nor doth the _Sheat-anchor_, 6. + being cast with a _Cable_, + do any good. + Neque hic _Sacra anchora_, 6. + _Rudenti_ jacta + quidquam adjuvat. + + Some escape, + either on a _Plank_, 7. + and by swimming, + or in the _Boat_, 8. + Quidam evadunt, + vel _tabula_, 7. + ac enatando, + vel _Scapha_, 8. + + Part of the Wares, + with the dead folks, + is carried out of the _Sea_, 9. + upon the Shoars. + Pars Mercium + cum mortuis + a _Mari_, 9. + in littora defertur. + + + + + XCII. + + Writing. + Ars Scriptoria. + + [Illustration] + + + The Ancients writ + in _Tables done over with wax_ + with a brazen _Poitrel_, 1. + Veteres scribebant + in _Tabellis ceratis_ + æneo _Stilo_, 1. + with the _sharp end_, 2. whereof + letters were engraven + and rubbed out again + with the _broad end_, 3. + cujus _parte cuspidata_, 2. + exarabantur literæ, + rursum vero obliterabantur + _planâ_. + + Afterwards + they writ _Letters_ + with a _small Reed_, 4. + Deinde + _Literas_ pingebant + _subtili Calamo_, 4. + + We use a _Goose-quill_, 5. + the _Stem_, 6. of which + we make + with a _Pen-knife_, 7. + Nos utimur _Anserina Penna_, 5. + cujus _Caulem_, 6. + temperamus + _Scalpello_, 7. + then we dip the _Neb_ + in an _Ink-horn_, 8. + which is stopped + with a _Stopple_, 9. + tum intingimus _Crenam_ + in _Atramentario_, 8. + quod obstruitur + _Operculo_, 9. + and we put our _Pens_, + into a _Pennar_, 10. + & _Pennas_ + recondimus in _Calamario_, 10. + + We dry a Writing + with _Blotting-paper_, + or _Calis-sand_ + out of a _Sand-box_, 11. + Siccamus Scripturam + _Chartâ bibulâ_, + vel _Arenâ scriptoria_, + ex _Theca Pulveraria_, 11. + + And we indeed + write from the left hand + towards the right, 12. + the _Hebrews_ + from the right hand + towards the left, 13. + Et nos quidem + scribimus â sinistra + dextrorsum, 12. + _Hebræi_ + â dextrâ + sinistrorsum, 13. + the _Chinese_ and other _Indians_, + from the top + downwards, 14. + _Chinenses_ & _Indi_ alii, + â summo + deorsum, 14. + + + + + XCIII. + + Paper. + Papyrus. + + [Illustration] + + + The Ancients used + _Beech-Boards_, 1. + or _Leaves_, 2. + as also _Barks_, 3. of _Trees_; + Veteres utebantur + _Tabulis Faginis_, 1. + aut _Foliis_, 2. + ut & _Libris_, 3. _Arborum_; + especially of an Egyptian Shrub, + which was called _Papyrus_. + præsertim Arbusculæ Ægyptiæ, + cui nomen erat _Papyrus_. + + Now _Paper_ is in use + which the _Paper-maker_ + maketh in a _Paper-mill_, 4. + Nunc _Charta_ est in usu, + quam _Chattopœus_ + in _mola Papyracea_, 4. conficit + of _Linen rags_, 5. + stamped to _Mash_, 6. + which being taken up + in _Frames_, 7. + è _Linteis vetustis_, 5. + in _Pulmentum_ contusis, 6. + quod haustum + _Normulis_, 7. + he spreadeth into _Sheets_, 8. + and setteth them in the Air + that they may be dryed. + diducit in _Plagulas_, 8. + exponitque aëri, + ut siccentur. + + Twenty-five of these + make a _Quire_, 9. + twenty Quires a _Ream_, 10. + and ten of these + a _Bale of Paper_, 11. + Harum XXV. + faciunt _Scapum_, 9. + XX. Scapi _Volumen minus_, 10. + horum X. + _Volumen majus_, 11. + + That which is to last long + is written on + _Parchment_, 12. + Duraturum diu + scribitur in + _Membrana_, 12. + + + + + XCIV. + + Printing. + Typographia. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Printer_ hath + _metal Letters_ + in a large number + put into _Boxes_, 5. + _Typographus_ habet + _Typos Metallos_, + magno numero + distributos per _Loculamenta_, 5. + + The _Compositor_, 1. + taketh them out one by one + and according to the _Copy_, + (which he hath fastened + before him in a _Visorum_, 2.) + _Typotheta_, 1. + eximit illos singulatim, + & secundum _exemplar_, + (quod habet præfixum + sibi _Retinaculo_, 2.) + composeth words + in a _Composing-stick_, 3. + till a _Line_ be made; + componit Verba + _Gnomone_, 3. + donec _versus_ fiat; + he putteth these in a _Gally_, 4. + till a _Page_, 6. be made, + and these again + in a _Form_, 7. + hos indit _Formæ_, 4. + donec _Pagina_, 6. fiat; + has iterum + _Tabulâ compositoriâ_, 7. + and he locketh them up + in _Iron Chases_, 8. + with _Coyns_, 9. + lest they should drop out, + coarctaque eos + _Marginibus ferreis_, 8. + ope _Cochlearum_, 9. + ne dilabantur, + and putteth them under + the _Press_, 10. + ac subjicit + _Prelo_, 10. + + Then the _Press-man_ + beateth it over + with _Printers Ink_, + by means of _Balls_, 11. + Tum _Impressor_ + illinit + _Atramento impressorio_ + ope _Pilarum_, 11. + spreadeth upon it the Papers + put in the _Frisket_, 12. + super imponit Chartas + inditas _Operculo_, 12. + which being put under + the _Spindle_, 14. + on the _Coffin_, 13. + and pressed down with + a _Bar_, 15. he maketh + to take impression. + quas subditas + _Trochleæ_, 14. + in _Tigello_, 13. + & impressas + _Suculâ_, 15. facit + imbibere typos. + + + + + XCV. + + The Booksellers Shop. + Bibliopolium. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Bookseller_, 1 + selleth _Books_ + in a _Booksellers Shop_, 2. + of which he writeth + a _Catalogue_, 3. + _Bibliopola_, 1. + vendit _Libros_ + in _Bibliopolio_, 2. + quorum conscribit + _Catalogum_, 3. + + The Books are placed + on _Shelves_, 4. + and are laid open for use + upon a _Desk_, 5. + Libri disponuntur + per _Repositoria_, 4. + & exponuntur ad usum, + super _Pluteum_, 5. + + A Multitude of Books + is called a _Library_, 6. + Multitudo Librorum + vocatur _Bibliotheca_, 6. + + + + + XCVI. + + The Book-binder. + Bibliopegus. + + [Illustration] + + + In times past they glewed + Paper to Paper, + and rolled them up together + into one _Roll_, 1. + Olim agglutinabant + Chartam Chartæ, + convolvebantque eas + in unum _Volumen_, 1. + + At this day + the _Book-binder_ + bindeth Books, + whilst he wipeth, 2. over + Papers steept + in _Gum-water_, and then + foldeth them together, 3. + Hodiè + _Compactor_ + compingit Libros, + dum tergit, 2. + chartas maceratas + _aquâ glutinosâ_, deinde + complicat, 3. + beateth with a hammer, 4. + then stitcheth them up, 5. + presseth them in a _Press_, 6. + which hath two _Screws_, 7. + malleat, 4. + tum consuit, 5. + conprimit _Prelo_, 6. + quod habet duos _Cochleas_, 7. + glueth them on the back, + cutteth off the edges + with a _round Knife_, 8. + conglutinat dorso, + demarginat + rotundo _Cultro_, 8. + and at last covereth them + with _Parchment_ or _Leather_, 9. + maketh them handsome, + and setteth on _Clasps_, 10. + tandem vestit + _Membranâ_ vel _Corio_, 9. + efformat, + & affigit _Uncinulos_, 10. + + + + + XCVII. + + A Book. + Liber. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Book_ + as to its outward shape, + is either in _Folio_, 1. + or in _Quarto_, 2. + in _Octavo_, 3. + in _Duodecimo_, 4. + _Liber_, + quoad exteriorem formam + est vel in _Folia_, 1. + vel in _Quarto_, 2. + in _Octavo_, 3. + in _Duodecimo_, 4. + either _made to open Side-wise_, 5. + or _Long-wise_, 6. + with _Brazen Clasps_, 7. + or _Strings_, 8. + and _Square-bofles_, 9. + vel _Columnatus_, 5. + vel _Linguatus_, 6. + cum _Æneis Clausuris_, 7. + vel _Ligulis_, 8. + & _angularibus Bullis_, 9. + + Within are _Leaves_, 10. + with two _Pages_, + sometimes divided + with _Columns_, 11. and + _Marginal Notes_, 12. + Intùs sunt _Folia_, 10. + duabis _Paginis_, + aliquando _Columnis_, 11. + divisa cumq; + _Notis Marginalibus_, 12. + + + + + XCVIII. + + A School. + Schola. + + [Illustration] + + + A _School_, 1. + is a Shop in which + _Young Wits_ are fashion’d + to vertue, and it is + distinguish’d into _Forms_. + _Schola_, 1. + est Officina, in quâ + _Novelli Animi_ formantur + ad virtutem, & + distinguitur in _Classes_. + + The _Master_, 2. + sitteth in a _Chair_, 3. + the _Scholars_, 4. + in _Forms_, 5. + he teacheth, they learn. + _Præceptor_, 2. + sedet in _Cathedra_, 3. + _Discipuli_, 4. + in _Subselliis_, 5. + ille docet, hi discunt. + + Some things + are writ down before them + with _Chalk_ on a _Table_, 6. + Quædam + præscribuntur illis + _Cretâ_ in _Tabella_, 6. + + Some sit + at a Table, and write, 7. + he mendeth their Faults, 8. + Quidam sedent + ad Mensam, & scribunt, 7. + ipse corrigit Mendas, 8. + + Some stand and rehearse + things committed + to memory, 9. + Quidam stant, & recitant + mandata memoriæ, 9. + + Some talk together, 10. + and behave themselves + wantonly and carelessly; + these are chastised + with a _Ferrula_. 11. + and a _Rod_, 12. + Quidam confabulantur, 10. + ac gerunt se + petulantes, & negligentes; + hi castigantur + _Ferulâ_ (baculo), 11. + & _Virgâ_, 12. + + + + + XCIX. + + The Study. + Museum. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Study_, 1. + is a place where a Student, 2. + apart from Men, + sitteth alone, + addicted to his _Studies_, + _Museum_, 1. + est locus ubi Studiosus, 2. + secretus ab Hominibus, + sedet solus + deditus _Studiis_, + whilst he readeth _Books_, 3. + which being within his reach + he layeth open upon a _Desk_, 4. + dum lectitat _Libros_, 3. + quos penes se + & exponit super _Pluteum_, 4. + and picketh all the best things + out of them + into his own _Manual_, 5. + & excerpit optima quæque + ex illis + in _Manuale_ suum, 5. + or marketh them in them + with a _Dash_, 6. + or a _little Star_, 7. + in the _Margent_. + notat in illis + _Liturâ_, 6. + vel _Asterisco_, 7. + ad _Margiem_. + + Being to sit up late, + he setteth a _Candle_, 8. + on a _Candlestick_, 9. + which is snuffed with _Snuffers_, 10. + Lucubraturus, + elevat _Lychnum_ (_Canelam_), 8. + in _Candelabra_, 9. + qui emungitur _Emunctorio_, 10. + before the Candle, + he placeth a _Screen_, 11. + which is green, that it may not + hurt his eye-sight; + ante Lynchum + collocat _Umbraculum_, 11. + quod viride est, ne + hebetet oculorum aciem; + richer Persons use a _Taper_, + for a _Tallow-candle_ + stinketh and smoaketh. + opulentiores utuntur _Cereo_ + nam _Candela sebacea_ + fœtet & fumigat. + + A _Letter_, 12. is wrapped up, + writ upon, 13. + and sealed, 14. + _Epistola_, 12. complicatur, + inscribitur, 13. + & obsignatur, 14. + + Going abroad by night, + he maketh use of a _Lanthorn_, 15. + or a _Torch_, 16. + Prodiens noctu + utitur _Lanterna_, 15. + vel _Face_, 16. + + + + + C. + + Arts belonging to Speech. + Artes Sermones. + + [Illustration] + + + _Grammar_, 1. + is conversant about _Letters_, 2. + of which it maketh + _Words_, 3. + _Grammatica_, 1. + versatur circa _Literas_, 2. + ex quibus componit + _Voces_, _verba_, 3. + and teacheth how + to utter, write, 4. + put together and part + them rightly. + docetque + eloqui, scribere, 4. + construere, distinguere + (interpungere) eas recte. + + _Rhetorick_, 5. + doth as it were paint, 6. + a rude form, 7. + of Speech + _Rhetorica_, 5. + pingit, 6. + quasi rudem _formam_, 7. + Sermonis + with _Oratory Flourishes_, 8. + such as are _Figures_, + _Elegancies_, + _Adagies_, + _Oratoriis Pigmentis_, 8. + ut sunt _Figuræ_, + _Elegantiæ_, + _Adagia_ (proverbia) + _Apothegms_, + _Sentences_, + _Similies_, + _Hierogylphicks, &c._ + _Apothegmata_, + _Sententiæ_ (Gnomæ) + _Similia_, + _Hieroglyphica, &c._ + + _Poetry_, 9. + gathereth these _Flowers_ + _of Speech_, 10. + _Poesis_, 9. + colligit hos _Flores_ + _Orationis_, 10. + and tieth them as it were + into a little _Garland_, 11. + and so making of _Prose_ + a _Poem_, + & colligat quasi + in _Corallam_, 11. + atque ita, faciens è _prosa_ + _ligatam orationem_, + it maketh several sorts + of _Verses_ and _Odes_, + and is therefore crowned + with a _Laurel_, 12. + componit varia + _Carmina_ & _Hymnos_ (_Odas_) + ac propterea coronatur + _Lauru_, 12. + + _Musick_, 13. + setteth _Tunes_, 14. + with _pricks_, + _Musica_, 13. + componit _Melodias_, 14. + _Notis_, + to which it setteth words, + and so singeth alone, + or in _Consort_, + or by Voice, + or Musical Instruments, 15. + quibus aptat verba, + atque ita cantat sola + vel _Concentu_ (_Symphonia_), + aut voce + aut Instrumentis Musicis, 15. + + + + + CI. + + Musical Instruments. + Instrumenta musica. + + [Illustration] + + + _Musical Instruments_ are + those which make a sound: + _Musica instrumenta_ sunt + quæ edunt vocem: + + First, + when they are beaten upon, + as a _Cymbal_, 1. with a _Pestil_, + Primò, + cum pulsantur, + ut _Cymbalum_, 1. _Pistillo_, + a _little Bell_, 2. + with an _Iron pellet_ within; + or _Rattle_, 3. + by tossing it about: + _Tintinnabulum_, 2. + intus _Globulo ferreo_, + _Crepitaculum_, 3. + circumversando; + a _Jews-Trump_, 4. + being put to the mouth, + with the fingers; + a _Drum_, 5. + and a _Kettle_, 6. + with a _Drum-stick_, 7. + _Crembalum_, 4. + ori admotum, + Digito; + _Tympanum_, 5. + & _Ahenum_, 6. + _Claviculâ_, 7. + as also the _Dulcimer_, 8. + with the _Shepherds-harp_, 9. + and the _Tymbrel_, 10. + ut & _Sambuca_, 8. + cum _Organo pastoritio_, 9. + & _Sistrum_ (Crotalum), 10. + + Secondly, + upon which _strings_ + are stretched, and struck upon, + Secundò, + in quibus _Chordæ_ + intenduntur & plectuntur + as the _Psaltery_, 11. + and the _Virginals_, 12. + with both hands; + ut _Nablium_, 11. + cum _Clavircordio_, 12. + utrâque manu; + the _Lute_, 13. + (in which is the _Neck_, 14. + the _Belly_, 15, + the _Pegs_, 16. + _Testudo_ (Chelys), 13. + (in quâ _Jugum_, 14. + _Magadium_, 15. + & _Verticilli_, 16. + by which the _Strings_, 17. + are stretched + upon the _Bridge_, 18.) + quibus _Nervi_, 17. + intenduntur + super _Ponticulam_, 18.) + the _Cittern_, 19. + with the right hand only, + the _Vial_, 20. + with a _Bow_, 21. + & _Cythara_, 19. + Dexterâ tantum, + _Pandura_, 20. + _Plectro_, 21. + and the _Harp_, 23. + with a _Wheel_ within, + which is turned about: + the _Stops_, 22. + in every one are touched + with the left hand. + & _Lyra_, 23. + intus rotâ, + quæ versatur: + _Dimensiones_, 22. + in singulis tanguntur + sinistra. + + At last, + those which are blown, + as with the mouth, + Tandem + quæ inflantur, + ut Ore, + the _Flute_, 24. + the _Shawm_, 25. + the _Bag-pipe_, 26. + _Fistula_ (_Tibia_), 24. + _Gingras_, 25. + _Tibia utricularis_, 26. + the _Cornet_, 27. + the _Trumpet_, 28, 29. + or with _Bellows_, + as a _pair of Organs_, 30. + _Lituus_, 27. + _Tuba_, 28. _Buccina_, 29. + vel _Follibus_, + ut _Organum pneumaticum_, 30. + + + + + CII. + + Philosophy. + Philosophia. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Naturalist_, 1. + vieweth all the works of God + in the World. + _Physicus_, 1. + speculatur omnia Dei Opera + in Mundo. + + The _Supernaturalist_, 2. + searches out the _Causes_ + and _Effects_ of things. + _Metaphysicus_, 2. + perscrutatur _Causas_, + & rerum _Effecta_. + + The _Arithmetician_, + reckoneth _numbers_, + by adding, subtracting, + multiplying and dividing; + _Arithmeticus_ + computat _numeros_, + addendo, subtrahendo, + multiplicando, dividendo; + and that either by _Cyphers_, 3. + on a _Slate_, + or by _Counters_, 4. + upon a _Desk_. + idque vel _Cyphris_, 3. + in _Palimocesto_, + vel _Calculis_, 4. + super _Abacum_. + + _Country people_ reckon, 5. + with _figures of tens_, X. + and _figures of five_, V. + _Rustici_ numerant, 5. + _Decussibus_, X. + & _Quincuncibus_, V. + by _twelves_, _fifteens_, + and _threescores_. + per _Duodenas_, _Quindenas_, + & _Sexagenas_. + + + + + CIII. + + Geometry. + Geometria. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Geometrician_ + measureth the _height_ + of a _Tower_, 1....2. + _Geometra_ + metitur _Altitudinem_ + _Turris_, 1....2. + or the _distance_ + of _places_, 3....4. + either with a _Quadrant_, 5. + or a _Jacob’s-staff_, 6. + aut _distantiam_ + _Locorum_, 3....4. + sive _Quadrante_, 5. + sive _Radio_, 6. + + He maketh out + the _Figures of things_, + with _Lines_, 7. + _Angles_, 8. + and _Circles_, 9. + Designat + _Figuras rerum_ + _Lineis_, 7, + _Angulis_, 8. + & _Circulis_, 9. + by a _Rule_, 10. + a _Square_, 11. + and a _pair of Compasses_, 12. + ad _Regulam_, 10. + _Normam_, 11. + & _Circinum_, 12. + + Out of these arise + an _Oval_, 13. + a _Triangle_, 14. + a _Quadrangle_, 15. + and other figures. + Ex his oriuntur + _Cylindrus_, 13. + _Trigonus_ 14. + _Tetragonus_, 15. + & aliæ figuræ. + + + + + CIV. + + The Celestial Sphere. + Sphera cælestis. + + [Illustration] + + + _Astronomy_ considereth + the _motion of the Stars_, + _Astrology_ + the Effects of them. + _Astronomia_ considerat + _motus Astrorum_, + _Astrologia_ + eorum Effectus. + + The _Globe of Heaven_ + is turned about upon + an _Axle-tree_, 1. + about the _Globe_ + _of the Earth_, 2. + in the space of XXIV. hours. + _Globus Cæli_ + volvitur super + _Axem_, 1. + circa _globum_ + _terræ_, 2. + spacio XXIV. horarum. + + The _Pole-stars_, or _Pole_, + the _Arctick_, 3. + the _Antarctick_, 4. + conclude the _Axle-tree_ + at both ends. + _Stellæ polares_, + _Arcticus_, 3. + _Antarcticus_, 4. + finiunt _Axem_ + utrinque. + + The _Heaven_ is + full of Stars every where. + _Cælum_ est + Stellatum undique. + + There are reckoned + above a _thousand fixed Stars_; + but of _Constellations_ + _towards the North_, XXI. + _towards the South_, XVI. + _Stellarum fixarum_ + numerantur plus _mille_; + _Siderum_ verò + _Septentrionarium_, XXI. + _Meridionalium_, XVI. + + Add to these the XII. + _signs_ of the _Zodiaque_, 5. + every one XXX. degrees, + whose names are + Adde _Signa_, XII. + _Zodiaci_, 5. + quodlibet graduum, XXX, + quorum nomina sunt + ♈ _Aries_ ♉ _Taurus_, + ♊ _Gemini_, ♋ _Cancer_, + ♌ _Leo_, ♍ _Virgo_, + ♎ _Libra_, ♏ _Scorpius_, + ♐ _Sagittarius_, ♑ _Capricorn_, + ♒ _Aquarius_, ♓ _Pisces_. + ♈ _Aries_ ♉ _Taurus_, + ♊ _Gemini_, ♋ _Cancer_, + ♌ _Leo_, ♍ _Virgo_, + ♎ _Libra_, ♏ _Scorpius_, + ♐ _Sagittarius_, ♑ _Capricorn_, + ♒ _Aquarius_, ♓ _Pisces_. + + Under this move + the seven _Wandring-stars_ + which they call _Planets_, + Sub hoc cursitant + _Stellæ errantes_ VII. + quas vocant _Planetas_, + whose way is a circle + in the middle of the Zodiack, + called the _Ecliptick_, 6. + quorum via est Circulvs, + in medio Zodiaci, + dictus _Ecliptica_, 6. + + Other Circles are + the _Horizon_, 7. + the _Meridian_, 8. + the _Æquator_, 9. + the two _Colures_, + Alii Circuli sunt + _Horizon_, 7. + _Meridianus_, 8. + _Equator_, 9. + duo _Coluri_, + the one of the _Equinocts_, 10. + (of the _Spring_ + when the ☉ entreth into ♈; + _Autumnal_ + when it entreth in ♎) + alter _Æquinoxiorum_, 10. + (_Verni_, + quando ☉ ingreditur ♈; + _Autumnalis_, + quando ingreditur ♎) + the other of the _Solstices_, 11. + (_of the Summer_, + when the ☉ entreth into ♋ + of the _Winter_ + when it entreth into ♑) + alter _Solsticiorum_, 11. + (_Æstivi_, + quando ☉ ingreditur ♋; + _Hyberni_, + quando ingreditur ♑) + the _Tropicks_, + the _Tropick of Cancer_, 12. + the _Tropick of Capricorn_, 13. + and the two + _Polar Circles_, 14....15. + duo _Tropici_, + _Tr. Cancri_, 12. + _Tr. Capricorni_, 13. + & duo + _Polares_, 14....15. + + + [Alternate Text: + + of the _Spring_ + when the [Sun] entreth into [Aries]; + _Autumnal_ + when it entreth in [Libra] + ... + _of the Summer_, + when the [Sun] entreth into [Cancer] + of the _Winter_ + when it entreth into [Capricorn] ] + + + + + CIV. + + The Aspects of the Planets. + Planetarum Aspectus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Moon_ + runneth through the _Zodiack_ + every _Month_. + _Luna_ + percurrit _Zodiacum_ + singulis _Mensibus_. + + The _Sun_, ☉ in a Year. + _Sol_, ☉ Anno. + + _Mercury_, ☿ + and _Venus_, ♀ + about the Sun, + the one in a hundred and fifteen, + the other in 585 days. + _Mercurius_, ☿ + & _Venus_, ♀ + circa Solem, + illa CXV., + hæc DLXXXV. Diebus. + + _Mars_, ♂ in two years; + _Mars_, ♂ Biennio; + + _Jupiter_, ♃ + in almost twelve; + _Jupiter_, ♃ + ferè duodecim; + + _Saturn_, ♄ + in thirty years. + _Saturnus_, ♄ + triginta annis. + + Hereupon they meet + variously among themselves, + and have mutual Aspects + one towards another. + Hinc conveniunt + variè inter se + & se mutuo adspiciunt. + + As here the ☉ and ☿ are + in _Conjunction_. + ☉ and _Moon_ + in _Opposition_, + Ut hic sunt, ☉ & ☿ + in _Conjunctione_, + ☉ and _Luna_ + in _Oppositione_, + ☉ and ♄ in a _Trine Aspect_, + ☉ and ♃ in a _Quartile_, + ☉ and ♀ in a _Sextile_. + ☉ & ♄ in _Trigono_, + ☉ & ♃ in _Quadratura_, + ☉ & ♀ in _Sextili_. + + + [Alternate Text: + + As here the [Sun] and [Mercury] are + in _Conjunction_. + [Sun] and _Moon_ + in _Opposition_, + [Sun] and [Saturn] in a _Trine Aspect_, + [Sun] and [Jupiter] in a _Quartile_, + [Sun] and [Mars] in a _Sextile_. ] + + + + + CV. + + The Apparitions of the Moon. + Phases Lunæ. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Moon_ shineth + not by her own _Light_ + but that which is borrowed + of the _Sun_. + _Luna_, lucet + non sua propria _Luce_, + sed mutuatâ + a _Sole_. + + For the one half of it + is always enlightned, + the other remaineth darkish. + Nam altera ejus medietas + semper illuminatur, + altera manet caliginosa. + + Hereupon we see it in + _Conjunction_ with the _Sun_, 1. + to be obscure, + almost none at all; + Hinc videmus, in + _Conjunctione Solis_, 1. + obscuram, imo nullam: + in _Opposition_, 5. + whole and clear, + (and we call it + the _Full Moon_;) + in _Oppositione_, 5. + totam & lucidam, + (& vocamus + _Plenilunium_;) + sometimes in the half, + (and we call it the _Prime_, 3. + and _last Quarter_, 7.) + alias dimidiam, + (& dicimus _Primam_, 3. + & _ultimam Quadram_, 7.) + + Otherwise it waxeth, 2....4. + or waneth, 6....8. + and is said to be _horned_, + or more than half _round_. + Cæteroqui crescit, 2....4. + aut decrescit, 6....8. + & vocatur _falcata_, + vel _gibbosa_. + + + + + CVI. + + The Eclipses. + Eclipses. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Sun_ + is the fountain of light, + inlightning all things, + _Sol_ + est fons Lucis, + illuminans omnia; + but the _Earth_, 1. + and the _Moon_, 2. + being shady bodies, + are not pierced with its rays, + for they cast a shadow + upon the place + just over against them. + sed _Terra_, 1. + & _Luna_, 2. + Corpora opaca, + non penetrantur ejus radiis, + nam jaciunt umbram + in locum oppositum. + + Therefore, + when the Moon lighteth + into the shadow + of the _Earth_, 2. + Ideo + cum Luna incidit + in umbram + _Terræ_, 2. + it is darkened, + which we call an _Eclipse_, + or defect. + obscuratur + quod vocamus _Eclipsin_ + (deliquium) Lunæ. + + But when the _Moon_ + runneth betwixt the _Sun_ + and the _Earth_, 3. + it covereth it with + its shadow; + Cum vero _Luna_ + currit inter _Solem_ + & _Terram_, 3. + obtegit illum umbrâ suâ; + and this we call + the _Eclipse_ of the _Sun_, + because it taketh from us + the sight of the _Sun_, + and its light; + & hoc vocamus + _Eclipsin Solis_, + quia adimit nobis + prospectum _Solis_, + & lucem ejus; + neither doth the _Sun_ + for all that suffer any thing, + but the _Earth_. + nec tamen _Sol_ + patitur aliquid, + sed _Terra_. + + + + + CVII. _a_ + + The terrestial Sphere. + Sphera terrestris. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Earth_ is round, and + therefore to be represented + by two _Hemispheres_, a..b. + _Terra_ est rotunda, + fingenda igitur + duobus _Hemispheriis_, a..b. + + The Circuit of it + is 360 _degrees_ + (whereof every one maketh + 60 _English_ Miles + or 21600 Miles,) + Ambitus ejus + est _graduum_ CCCLX. + (quorum quisque facit + LX. Milliaria _Anglica_ + vel 21600 Milliarium) + and yet it is but a prick, + compared with the World, + whereof it is the _Centre_. + & tamen est punctum, + collata cum orbe, + cujus _Centrum_ est. + + They measure Longitude + of it by _Climates_, 1. + and the _Latitude_ + by _Parallels_, 2. + Longitudinem ejus + dimetiuntur _Climatibus_, 1. + _Latitudinem_, + lineis _Parallelis_, 2. + + The _Ocean_, 3. + compasseth it about, + and five _Seas_ wash it, + _Oceanus_, 3. + ambit eam + & _Maria_ V. perfundunt + the _Mediterranean Sea_, 4. + the _Baltick Sea_, 5. the _Red Sea_, 6. + the _Persian Sea_, 7. + and the _Caspian Sea_, 8. + _Mediterraneum_, 4. + _Balticum_, 5. _Erythræum_, 6. + _Persicum_, 7. + _Caspium_, 8. + + + + + CVII. _b_ + + The terrestial Sphere. + Sphera terrestris. + + [Illustration] + + It is divided into V. _Zones_, + whereof the II. _frigid ones_, + 9....9. + are uninhabitable; + Distribuitur in _Zonas_ V., + quarum duæ _frigidæ_, + 9....9. + sunt inhabitabiles; + the II. _Temperate_ ones, 10....10. + and the _Torrid_ one, 11. + habitable. + duæ _Temperatæ_, 10....10. + & _Torrida_, 11. + habitantur. + + Besides it is divided + into three _Continents_; + Ceterum divisa est + in tres _Continentes;_ + this of ours, 12. which + is subdivided into _Europe_, 13. + _Asia,_ 14. _Africa_, 15. + nostram, 12. quæ + subdividitur in _Europam_, 13. + _Asiam_, 14. & _Africam_, 15. + _America_, 16....16. + (whose Inhabitants are + _Antipodes_ to us;) + and the _South Land_, 17....17. + yet unknown. + in _Americam_, 16....16. + (cujus incolæ sunt + _Antipodes_ nobis;) + & in _Terram Australem_, 17....17. + adhuc incognitam. + + They that dwell + under the _North pole_, 18. + have the days and nights + 6 months long. + Habitantes + sub _Arcto_, 18. + habent Dies Noctes + semestrales, + + Infinite _Islands_ + float in the Seas. + Infinitæ _Insulæ_ + natant in maribus. + + + + + CVIII. + + Europe. + Europa. + + [Illustration] + + + The chief _Kingdoms_ + of _Europe_, are + In _Europâ_ nostrâ + sunt _Regna_ primaria, + _Spain_, 1. + _France_, 2. + _Italy_, 3. + _Hispania_, 1. + _Gallia_, 2. + _Italia_, 3. + _England_, 4. + _Scotland_, 5. + _Ireland_, 6. + _Anglia_ (Britania), 4. + _Scotia_, 5. + _Hibernia_, 6. + _Germany_, 7. + _Bohemia_, 8. + _Hungary_, 9. + _Germania_, 7. + _Bohemia_, 8. + _Hungaria_, 9. + _Croatia_, 10. + _Dacia_, 11. + _Sclavonia_, 12. + _Greece_, 13. + _Thrace_, 14. + _Croatia_, 10. + _Dacia_, 11. + _Sclavonia_, 12. + _Græcia_, 13. + _Thracia_, 14. + _Podolia_, 15. + _Tartary_, 16. + _Lituania_, 17. + _Poland_, 18. + _Podolia_, 15. + _Tartaria_, 16. + _Lituania_, 17. + _Polonia_, 18. + The _Netherlands_, 19. + _Denmark_, 20. + _Norway_, 21. + _Swethland_, 22. + _Belgium_, 19. + _Dania_, 20. + _Norvegia_, 21. + _Suecia_, 22. + _Lapland_, 23. + _Finland_, 24. + _Lappia_, 23. + _Finnia_, 24. + _Lisland_, 25. + _Prussia_, 26. + _Muscovy_, 27. + and _Russia_, 28. + _Livonia_, 25. + _Borussia_, 26. + _Muscovia_, 27. + _Russia_, 28. + + + + + CIX. + + Moral Philosophy. + Ethica. + + [Illustration] + + + This _Life_ is a _way_, + or a _place divided into two ways_, + like + _Pythagoras’s Letter_ Y. + _Vita_ hæc est _via_, + sive _Bivium_, + simile + Litteræ _Pithagoricæ_ Y. + broad, 1. + on the left hand track; + narrow, 2. on the right; + latum, 1. + sinistro tramite + angustum, 2. dextro; + that belongs to _Vice_, 3. + this to _Vertue_, 4. + ille _Vitii_, 3. + est his _Virtutis_, 4. + + Mind, Young Man, 5. + imitate _Hercules_: + leave the left hand way, + turn from Vice; + Adverte juvenis, 5. + imitare _Herculem_; + linque sinistram, + aversare Vitium; + the _Entrance_, 6. is fair, + but the _End_, 7. + is ugly and steep down. + _Aditus_ speciosus, 6. + sed _Exitus_, 7. + turpis & præceps. + + Go on the right hand, + though it be thorny, 8. + no way is unpassible + to vertue; follow whither + vertue leadeth + Dextera ingredere, + utut spinosa, 8. + nulla via invia + virtuti; sequere quâ + viâ ducit virtus + through _narrow places_ + to _stately palaces_, + to the _Tower of honour_, 9. + per _angusta_, + ad _augusta_, + ad _Arcem honoris_, 9. + + Keep the middle + and streight _path_, + and thou shalt go very safe. + Tene medium + & rectum _tramitem_; + ibis tutissimus. + + Take heed thou do not go + too much on the right hand, 10. + Cave excedas + ad dextram, 10. + + Bridle in, 12. + the wild Horse, 11. of Affection, + lest thou fall down headlong. + Compesce freno, 12. + equum ferocem, 11. Affectûs + ne præceps fias. + + See thou dost not + go amiss on the left hand, 13. + in an ass-like sluggishness, 14. + Cave + deficias ad sinistram, 13. + segnitie asininâ, 14. + but go onwards constantly, + persevere to the end, + and thou shalt be crown’d, 15. + sed progredere constanter + pertende ad finem, + & coronaberis, 15. + + + + + CX. + + Prudence. + Prudentia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Prudence_, 1. + looketh upon all things + as a _Serpent_, 2. + and doeth, speaketh, or + thinketh nothing in vain. + _Prudentia_, 1. + circumspectat omnia + ut _Serpens_, 2. + agitque, loquitur, aut + cogitat nihil incassum. + + She _looks backwards_, 3. + as into a _Looking-glass_, 4. + to _things past_; + _Respicit_, 3. + tanquam in _Speculum_, 4. + ad _præterita_; + and seeth _before her_, 5. + as with a _Perspective-glass_, 7. + _things to come_, + or the _End_, 6. + & _prospicit_, 5. + tanquam _Telescopio_, 7. + _Futura_, + seu _Finem_, 6. + and so she perceiveth + what she hath done, and + what remaineth to be done. + atque ita perspicit + quid egerit, & + quid restet agendum. + + She proposeth + an _Honest_, _Profitable_ + Actionibus suis + præfigit _Scopum_, + _Honestum_, _Utilem_, + and withal, if it may be done, + a _Pleasant End_, + to her Actions. + simulque, si fieri potest, + _Jucundum_. + + Having foreseen the _End_, + she looketh out _Means_, + as a _Way_, 8. + which leadeth to the End; + _Fine_ prospecto, + dispicit _Media_, + ceu _Viam_, 8. + quæ ducit ad finem, + but such as are certain + and easie, and fewer + rather than more, + lest anything should hinder. + sed certa + & facilia; pauciora + potiùs quàm plura, + ne quid impediat. + + She watcheth _Opportunity_, 9. + (which having + a _bushy fore-head_, 10. + and being _bald-pated_, 11. + Attendit _Occasioni_, 9. + (quæ + _Fronte Capillata_, 10. + sed vertice _calva_, 11. + and moreover + _having wings_, 12. + doth quickly slip away,) + and catcheth it. + adhæc + _alata_, 12. + facile elabitur) + eamque captat. + + She goeth on her way + warily, + for fear she should stumble + or go amiss. + In viâ pergit + cautè (providè) + ne impingat + aut aberret. + + + + + CXI. + + Diligence. + Sedulitas. + + [Illustration] + + + _Diligence_, 1. loveth labours, + avoideth _Sloth_, + is always at work, + like the _Pismire_, 2. + _Sedulitas_, 1. amat labores, + fugit _Ignaviam_, + semper est in _opere_, + ut _Formica_, 2. + and carrieth together, + as she doth, for herself, + _Store_ of all things, 3. + & comportat, + ut illa, sibi, + omnium rerum _Copiam_, 3. + + She doth not always + sleep, or make holidays, + as the _Sluggard_, 4. + and the _Grashopper_, 5. do, + whom _Want_, 6. + at the last overtaketh. + Non semper + dormit, ferias agit, + aut ut _Ignavus_, 4. + & _Cicada_, 5. + quos _Inopia_, 6. + tandem premit. + + She pursueth what things she hath undertaken + chearfully, + even to the end; + she putteth nothing off + till the morrow, + Urget incepta + alacriter + ad finem usque; + procrastinat nihil, + nor doth she sing + the _Crow’s_ song, 7. + which saith over and over, + _Cras, Cras_. + nec cantat + cantilenam _Corvi_, 7. + qui ingeminat + _Cras, Cras_. + + After _labours_ + _undergone_, and ended, + being even wearied, + she resteth her self; + Post _labores_ + _exantlatos_, + & lassata, + quiescit; + but being refreshed with _Rest_, + that she may not use her self + to _Idleness_, she falleth again + to her _Business_, + sed recreata _Quiete_, + ne adsuescat + _Otio_, redit + ad _Negotia_. + + A diligent _Scholar_ + is like _Bees_, 8. + which carry honey + from divers _Flowers_, 9. + into their _Hive_, 10. + Diligens _Discipulus_, + similis est _Apibus_, 8. + qui congerunt mel + ex variis _Floribus_, 9. + in _Alveare_ suum, 10. + + + + + CXII. + + Temperance. + Temperantia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Temperance_, 1. + prescribeth a mean + to _meat_ and _drink_, 2. + _Temperantia_, 1. + præscribit _modum_ + _Cibo_ & _Potui_, 2. + and restraineth the _desire_, + as with a _Bridle_, 3. + and so moderateth all things, + lest any thing + too much be done. + & continet _cupidinem_, + ceu _Freno_, 3. + & sic moderatur omnia + ne quid + nimis fiat. + + _Revellers_ + are made _drunk_, 4. + they _stumble_, 5. + they _spue_, 6. + and _babble_, 7. + _Heluones_ (ganeones) + _inebriantur_, 4. + _titubant_, 5. + _ructant_ (vomunt), 6. + & _rixantur_, 7. + + From _Drunkenness_ + proceedeth _Lasciviousness_; + E _Crapula_ + oritur _Lascivia_; + from this a _lewd Life_ + amongst _Whoremasters_, 8. + and _Whores_, 9. + ex hâc _Vita libidinosa_ + inter _Fornicatores_, 8. + & _Scorta_, 9. + in _kissing_, + _touching_, + _embracing_, + and _dancing_, 10. + _osculando_ (basiando), + _palpando_, + _amplexando_, + & _tripudiando_, 10. + + + + + CXIII. + + Fortitude. + Fortitudo. + + [Illustration] + + + _Fortitude_, 1. + is undaunted in adversity, + and bold as a _Lion_, 2. but + not haughty in Prosperity, + _Fortitudo_, 1. + impavida est in adversis, + & confidens ut _Leo_, 2. at + non tumida in Secundis, + leaning on her own _Pillar_, 3. + _Constancy_, and + being the same in all things, + ready to undergo both + _estates_ with an even mind. + innixa suo _Columini_, 3. + _Constantiæ_; & + eadem in omnibus, + parata ad ferendam utramque + _fortunam_ æquo animo. + + She receiveth the strokes + of _Misfortune_ + with the _Shield_, 4. + of _Sufferance_: and + keepeth off the _Passions_, + Excipit ictus + _Infortunii_ + _Clypeo_, 4. + _Tolerantiæ_: & + propellit _Affectus_, + the enemies of quietness + with the _Sword_, 5. + of _Valour_. + hostes Euthymiæ + _gladio_, 5. + _Virtutis_. + + + CXIV. + + Patience. + Patientia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Patience_, 1. + endureth _Calamities_, 2. + and _Wrongs_, 3. meekly + like a _Lamb_, 4. + as the Fatherly + _chastisement of God_, 5. + _Patientia_, 1. + tolerat _Calamitates_, 2. + & _Injurias_, 3. humiliter + ut _Agnus_, 4. + tanquam paternam + _ferulam Dei_, 5. + + In the meanwhile she leaneth + upon the _Anchor of Hope_, 6. + (as a _Ship_, 7. + tossed by waves in the Sea) + Interim innititur + _Spei Anchoræ_, 6. + (ut _Navis_, 7. + fluctuans mari) + _she prayeth to God_, 8. + weeping, + and expecteth the _Sun_, 10. + after _cloudy weather_, 9. + suffering evils, + and hoping better things. + _Deo supplicat_, 8. + illacrymando, + & expectat _Phœbum_, 10. + post _Nubila_, 9. + ferens mala, + sperans meliora. + + On the contrary, + the _impatient person_, 11. + waileth, lamenteth, + _rageth against himself_, 12. + Contra, + _Impatiens_, 11. + plorat, lamentatur, + _debacchatur_, 12. _in seipsum_, + grumbleth like a _Dog_, 13. + and yet doth no good; + at the last he despaireth, + and becometh + _his own Murtherer_, 14. + obmurmurat ut _Canis_, 13. + & tamen nil proficit; + tandem desperat, + & fit + _Autochir_, 14. + + Being full of rage he desireth + to revenge wrongs. + Furibundus cupit + vindicare injurias. + + + CXV. + + Humanity. + Humanitas. + + [Illustration] + + + _Men_ are made + for one another’s _good_; + therefore let them be _kind_. + _Homines_ facti sunt + ad mutua _commoda_; + ergò sint _humani_. + + Be thou sweet and lovely + in thy _Countenance_, 1. + gentle and civil + in thy _Behaviour_ and _Manners_, 2. + Sis suavis & amabilis + _Vultu_, 1. + comis & urbanus + _Gestu_ ac _Moribus_, 2. + affable and true spoken + with thy _Mouth_, 3. + affectionate and _candid_ + in thy _Heart_, 4. + affabilis & verax, + _Ore_, 3. + candens & _candidus_ + _Corde_, 4. + + So love, + and so shalt thou be loved; + and there will be + a mutual _Friendship_, 5. + Sic ama, + sic amaberis; + & fiat + mutua _Amicitia_, 5. + as that of _Turtle-doves_, 6. + hearty, gentle, and + wishing well on both parts. + ceu _Turturum_, 6. + concors, mansueta, & + benevola utrinque. + + Froward Men are + hateful, teasty, unpleasant. + contentious, _angry_, 7. + _cruel_, 8. + and implacable, + Morosi homines, sunt + odiosi, torvi, illepidi. + contentiosi, _iracundi_, 7. + _crudeles_, 8. + ac implacabiles, + (rather Wolves and Lions, + than Men) + and such as fall out among themselves, + hereupon + they fight in a _Duel_, 9. + (magis Lupi & Leones, + quàm homines) + & inter se discordes, + hinc + confligunt _Duelle_, 9. + + _Envy_, 10. + wishing ill to others, + pineth away her self. + _Invidia_, 10. + malè cupiendo aliis, + conficit seipsam. + + + CXVI. + + Justice. + Justitia. + + [Illustration] + + + _Justice_, 1. + is painted, sitting + on a _square stone_, 2. for + she ought to be immoveable; + _Justitia_, 1. + pingitur, sedens + in _lapide quadrato_, 2. nam + decet esse immobilis; + with _hood-winked eyes_, 3. + that she may not respect + persons; + _stopping the left ear_, 4. + to be reserved + for the other party; + _obvelatis oculis_, 3. + ad non respiciendum + personas; + _claudens aurem sinistram_, 4. + reservandam + alteri parti; + + Holding in her right Hand + a _Sword_, 5. + and a _Bridle_, 6. + to punish + and restrain evil men; + Tenens dextrâ + _Gladium_, 5. + & _Frænum_, 6. + ad puniendum + & coërcendum malos; + + Besides, + _a pair of Balances_, 7. + in the _right Scale_, 8. whereof + _Deserts_, + and in the _left_, 9. + _Rewards_ being put, + Præterea, + _Stateram_, 7. + cujus _dextræ Lanci_, 8. + _Merita_, + _Sinistræ_, 9. + _Præmia_ imposita, + are made even one with another, + and so good Men + are incited to virtue, + as it were with _Spurs_, 10. + sibi invicem exequantur, + atque ita boni + incitantur ad virtutem, + ceu _Calcaribus_, 10. + + In _Bargains_, 11. + let Men deal candidly, + let them stand to their + _Covenants_ and _Promises_; + In _Contractibus_, 11. + candidè agatur: + stetur + _Pactis_ & _Promissis_; + let _that which is given one to keep_, + and _that which is lent_, + be restored: + _Depositum_, + & _Mutuum_, + reddantur: + let no man be _pillaged_, 12. + or _hurt_, 13. + let every one have his own: + these are the precepts + of Justice. + nemo _expiletur_, 12. + aut _lædatur_, 13. + suum cuique tribuatur: + hæc sunt præcepta + Justitiæ. + + Such things as these are forbidden + in _God’s 5th._ and _7th._ + _Cammandment_, + and deservedly punish’d + on the _Gallows_ and the _Wheel_, 14. + Talia prohibentur, + _quinto_ & _septimo Dei_ + _Præcepto_, + & merito puniuntur + _Cruce_ ac _Rotâ_, 14. + + + + + CXVII. + + Liberality. + Liberalitas. + + [Illustration] + + + _Liberality_, 1. + keepeth a mean about _Riches_, + which she honestly seeketh, + that she may have + somewhat to bestow + on them that _want_, 2. + _Liberalitas_, 1. + servat modum circa _Divitias_, + quas honestè quærit + ut habeat + quod largiatur + _Egenis_, 2. + + She _cloatheth_, 3. + _nourisheth_, 4. + and _enricheth_, 5. these + with a _chearful countenance_, 6. + and a _winged hand_, 7. + Hos _vestit_, 3. + _nutrit_, 4. + _ditat_, 5. + _Vultu hilari_, 6. + & _Manu alatâ_, 7. + + She submitteth her + _wealth_, 8. to her self, + not her self to it, + Subjicit + _opes_, 8. sibi, + non se illis, + as the _covetous man_, 9. doth, + who hath, + that he may have, + and is not the _Owner_, + but the _Keeper_ of his goods, + ut _Avarus_, 9. + qui habet, + ut habeat, + & non est _Possessor_ + sed _Custos_ bonorum suorum, + and being unsatiable, + always _scrapeth together_, 10. + with his Nails. + & insatiabilis, + semper _corradit_, 10. + Unguibus suis. + + Moreover he spareth + and keepeth, + _hoarding up_, 11. + that he may always have. + Sed & parcit + & adservat, + _occludendo_, 11. + ut semper habeat. + + But the _Prodigal_, 12. + badly spendeth + things well gotten, + and at the last wanteth. + At _Prodigus_, 12. + malè disperdit + benè parta, + ac tandem eget. + + + + + CXVIII. + + Society betwixt Man and Wife. + Societas Conjugalis. + + [Illustration] + + + _Marriage_ + was appointed by God + in Paradise, + for mutual _help_, + and the _Propagation_ + of mankind. + _Matrimonium_ + institutum est à Deo + in Paradiso, + ad mutuum _adjutorium_, + & _propagationem_ + generis humani. + + _A young man_ (_a single man_) + being to be married, + should be furnished + either with _Wealth_, + or a _Trade_ and _Science_, + _Vir Juvenis_ (_Cœlebs_) + conjugium initurus, + instructus sit + aut _Opibus_, + aut _Arte_ & _Scientiâ_, + which may serve + for getting a living; + that he may be able + to maintain a _Family_. + quæ sit + de pane lucrando; + ut possit + sustentare _Familiam_. + + Then he chooseth himself + a _Maid_ that is _Marriageable_, + (or a _Widow_) + whom he loveth; + Deinde eligit sibi + _Virginem Nubilem_, + (aut _Viduam_) + quam adamat; + nevertheless a greater Regard + is to be had of _Virtue_, + and _Honesty_, + than of _Beauty_ or _Portion_. + ubi tamen major ratio + habenda _Virtutis_ + & _Honestatis_, + quàm _Formæ_ aut _Dotis_. + + Afterwards, he doth not + betroth her to himself closely, + but entreateth for her + as a _Woer_, + Posthæc, non + clam despondet sibi eam, + sed ambit, + ut _Procus_, + first to the _Father_, 1. + and then the _Mother_, 2. + or the _Guardians_, + or _Kinsfolks_, by + such _as help to make the match_, 3. + apud _Patrem_, 1. + & _Matrem_, 2. + vel apud _Tutores_, + & _Cognatos_, per + _Pronubos_, 3. + + When she is espous’d to him, + he becometh the _Bridegroom_, 4. + and she the _Bride_, 5. + Eâ sibi desponsâ, + fit _Sponsus_, 4. + & ipsa _Sponsa_, 5. + and the _Contract_ is made. + and an _Instrument_ of _Dowry_ 6. + is written. + fiuntque _Sponsalia_, + & scribitur _Instrumentum_ + _Dotale_, 6. + + At the last + the _Wedding_ is made, + where they are joined together + by the _Priest_, 7. + Tandem + fiunt _Nuptiæ_ + ubi copulantur + à _Sacerdote_, 7. + giving their _Hands_, 8. + one to another. + and _Wedding-rings_, 9. + then they feast with + the witnesses that are invited. + datis _Manibus_, 8. + ultrò citroque, + & _Annulis Nuptialibus_, 9. + tum epulantur cum + invitatis testibus. + + After this they are called + _Husband_ and _Wife_; + when she is dead he becometh + a _Widower_. + Abhinc dicuntur + _Maritus_ & _Uxor_; + hâc mortuâ ille fit + _Viduus_. + + + + + CXIX. + + The Tree of Consanguinity. + Arbor Consanguinitatis. + + [Illustration] + + + In _Consanguinity_ + there touch a _Man_, 1. + in _Lineal Ascent_, + _Hominem_, 1. + _Consanguinitate_ attingunt, + _in Linea ascendenti_, + the _Father_ + (the _Father-in-law_), 2. + and the _Mother_ + (the _Mother-in-law_), 3. + _Pater_ + (_Vitricus_), 2. + & _Mater_ + (_Noverca_), 3. + the _Grandfather_, 4. + and the _Grandmother_, 5. + the _Great Grandfather_, 6. + and the _Great Grandmother_, 7. + _Avus_, 4. + & _Avia_, 5. + _Proavus_, 6. + & _Proavia_, 7. + the _great great Grandfather_, 8. + the _great great Grandmother_, 9. + the _great great Grandfather’s Father_, 10. + the _great great Grandmother’s Mother_, 11. + the _great great Grandfather’s Grandfather_, 12. + the _great great Grandmother’s Grandmother_, 13. + _Abavus_, 8. + & _Abavia_, 9. + _Atavus_, 10. + & _Atavia_, 11 + _Tritavus_, 12. + & _Tritavia_, 13. + + Those beyond these are called + _Ancestors_, 14....14. + Ulteriores dicuntur + _Majores_, 14...14. + + In a _Lineal descent_, + the _Son_ (_the son-in-law_), 15. + and the _Daughter_, + (_the Daughter-in-law_), 16. + In _Linea descendenti_, + _Filius_ (_Privignus_), 15. + & _Filia_ (_Privigna_), 16. + the _Nephew_, 17. + and the _Neece_, 18. + the _Nephews Son_, 19. + and the _Nephews Daughter_, 20. + _Nepos_, 17. + & _Neptis_, 18. + _Pronepos_, 19. + & _Proneptis_, 26. + the _Nephews Nephew_, 21. + and the _Neeces Neece_, 22. + the _Nephews Nephews Son_, 23. + the _Neeces Neeces Daughter_, 24. + the _Nephews Nephews Nephew_, 25. + the _Neeces Neeces Neece_, 26. + _Abnepos_, 21. + & _Abneptis_, 22. + _Atnepos_, 23. + & _Atneptis_, 24. + _Trinepos_, 25. + & _Trineptis_, 26. + + Those beyond these are called + _Posterity_, 27....27. + Ulteriores dicuntur + _Posteri_, 27....27. + + In a _Collateral Line_ + are the _Uncle by the Fathers side_, 28. + and the _Aunt by the Fathers side_, 29. + In _Linea Collaterali_ + sunt _Patruus_, 28. + & _Amita_, 29. + the _Uncle by the Mothers side_, 30. + and the _Aunt by the Mothers side_, 31. + _Avunculus_, 30. + & _Matertera_, 31. + the _Brother_, 32. + and the _Sister_, 33. + the _Brothers Son_, 34. + the _Sisters Son_, 35. + and the _Cousin by_ + _the Brother_ and _Sister_, 36. + _Frater_, 32. + & _Soror_, 33. + _Patruelis_, 34. + _Sobrinus_, 35. + & _Amitinus_, 36. + + + + + CXX. + + The Society betwixt Parents and Children. + Societas Parentalis. + + [Illustration] + + + _Married Persons_, + (by the blessing of God) + have _Issue_, + and become _Parents_. + _Conjuges_, + (ex benedictione Dei) + suscipiunt _Sobolem_ (Prolem) + & fiunt _Parentes_. + + The _Father_, 1. begetteth + and the _Mother_, 2. beareth + _Sons_, 3. and _Daughters_, 4. + (sometimes _Twins_). + _Pater_, 1. generat + & _Mater_, 2. parit + _Filios_, 3. & _Filias_, 4. + (aliquando _Gemellos_). + + The _Infant_, 5. + is wrapped in + _Swadling-cloathes_, 6. + is laid in a _Cradle_, 7. + _Infans_, 5. + involvitur + _Fasciis_, 6. + reponitur in _Cunas_, 7. + is suckled by the Mother + with her _Breasts_, 8. + and fed with _Pap_, 9. + lactatur a matre + _Uberibus_, 8. + & nutritur _Pappis_, 9. + Afterwards it learneth + to go by a _Standing-stool_, 10. + playeth with _Rattles_, 11. + and beginneth to speak. + Deinde discit + incedere _Seperasto_, 10. + ludit _Crepundiis_, 11. + & incipit fari. + + As it beginneth to grow older, + it is accustomed + to _Piety_, 12. + and _Labour_, 13. + and is chastised, 14. + if it be not dutiful. + Crescente ætate, + adsuescit + _Pietati_, 12. + & _Labori_, 13. + & castigatur, 14. + si non sit morigerus. + + _Children_ owe to Parents + Reverence and Service. + _Liberi_ debent Parentibus + Cultum & Officium. + + The Father maintaineth + his Children + _by taking pains_, 15. + Pater sustentat + Liberos, + _laborando_, 15. + + + + + CXXI. + + The Society betwixt Masters and Servants. + Societas herilis. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Master_ + (_the goodman of the House_), 1. + hath _Men-servants_, 2. + _Herus_ + (_Pater familias_), 1. + habet _Famulos_ (_Servos_), 2. + the _Mistress_ + (_the good wife of the House_), 3. + _Maidens_, 4. + _Hera_ + (_Mater familias_), 3. + _Ancillas_, 4. + + They appoint these + their _Work_, 6. + and divide + _them their tasks_, 5. which + are faithfully to be done by them + Illi mandant his + _Opera_, 6. + & distribuunt + _Laborum Pensa_, 5. quæ + ab his fideliter sunt exsequenda + without murmuring + and loss: + for which + their _Wages_, and _Meat_ and _Drink_ + is allowed them. + sine murmure + & dispendio; + pro quo + _Merces_ & _Alimonia_ + præbentur ipsis. + + A _Servant_ was heretofore + a _Slave_, + over whom the Master + had power of life and death. + _Servus_ olim erat + _Mancipium_, + in quem Domino + potestas fuit vitæ & necis + + At this day the poorer sort + serve in a free manner, + being hired for Wages. + Hodiè pauperiores + serviunt liberè, + conducti mercede. + + + + + CXXII. + + A City. + Urbs. + + [Illustration] + + + Of many Houses + is made a _Village_, 1. + or a _Town_, or a _City_, 2. + Ex multis Domibus + fit _Pagus_, 1. + vel _Oppidum_, vel _Urbs_, 2. + + That and this are fenced + and begirt with a _Wall_, 3. + a _Trench_, 4. + _Bulwarks_, 5. + and _Pallisadoes_, 6. + Istud & hæc muniuntur + & cinguntur _Mœnibus_ (_Muro_), 3. + _Vallo_, 4. + _Aggeribus_, 5. + & _Vallis_, 6. + + Within the Walls is + the _void Place_, 7. + without, the _Ditch_, 8. + Intra muros est + _Pomœrium_, 7. + extrà, _Fossa_, 8. + + In the Walls are + _Fortresses_, 9. + and _Towers_, 10. + _Watch-Towers_, 11. are + upon the higher places. + In mœnibus sunt + _Propugnacula_, 9. + & _Turres_, 10. + _Specula_, 11. extant + in editioribus locis. + + The entrance into a City + is made out of the _Suburbs_, 12. + through _Gates_, 13. + over the _Bridge_, 14. + Ingressus in Urbem + fit ex _Suburbio_, 12. + per _Portam_, 13. + super _Pontem_, 14. + + The _Gate_ hath + a _Portcullis_, 15. + a _Draw-bridge_, 16. + _two-leaved Doors_, 17. + _Porta_ habet + _Cataractas_, 15. + _Pontem versatilem_, 16. + _Valvas_, 17. + _Locks_ and _Bolts_, + as also _Barrs_, 18. + _Claustra_ & _Repagula_, + ut & _Vectes_, 18. + + In the Suburbs are + _Gardens_, 19. + and _Garden-houses_, 20. + and also _Burying-places_, 21. + In Suburbiis sunt + _Horti_, 19. + & _Suburbana_, 20. + ut & _Cœmeteria_, 21. + + + + + CXXIII. + + The inward parts of a City. + Interiora Urbis. + + [Illustration] + + + Within the City are + _Streets_, 1. + paved with Stones; + Intra urbem sunt + _Plateæ_ (Vici), 1. + stratæ Lapidibus; + _Market-places_, 2. + (in some places with + _Galleries_), 3. + and _narrow Lanes_, 4. + _Fora_, 2. + (alicubi cum + _Porticibus_), 3. + & _Angiportus_, 4. + + The Publick Buildings + are in the middle of the City, + the _Church_, 5. + the _School_, 6. + the _Guild-Hall_, 7. + the _Exchange_, 8. + Publica ædificia + sunt in medio Urbis, + _Templum_, 5. + _Schola_, 6. + _Curia_, 7. + _Domus Mercaturæ_, 8. + + About the Walls and the Gates + are the _Magazine_, 9. + the _Granary_, 10. + _Inns_, _Ale-houses_, + Circa Mœnia, & Portas + _Armamentarium_, 9. + _Granarium_, 10. + _Diversoria_, _Popinæ_, + _Cooks-shops_, 11. + the _Play-house_, 12. + and the _Spittle_, 13. + & _Cauponæ_, 11. + _Theatrum_, 12. + _Nosodochium_, 13. + + In the by-places + are _Houses of Office_, 14. + and the _Prison_, 15. + In recessibus, + _Foricæ_ (Cloacæ), 14. + & _Custodia_ (Carcer), 15. + + In the chief Steeple + is the _Clock_, 16. and + the _Watchmans_ Dwelling, 17. + In turre primariâ + est _Horologium_, 16. & + habitatio _Vigilum_, 17. + + In the Streets are _Wells_, 18. + In Plateis sunt _Putei_, 18. + + The _River_, 19. or _Beck_, + runneth about the City, + serveth to wash away + the _filth_. + _Fluvius_, 19. vel _Rivus_, + interfluens Urbem, + inservit eluendis + _sordibus_. + + The _Tower_, 20. + standeth in the highest + part of the City. + _Arx_, 20. + extat in summo + Urbis. + + + + + CXXIV. + + Judgment. + Judicium. + + [Illustration] + + + The best Law, is + a quiet _agreement_, + made either by themselves, + betwixt whom the sute is, + or by an _Umpire_. + Optimum Jus, est + placida _conventio_, + facta vel ab ipsis, + inter quos lis est + vel ab _Arbitro_. + + If this do not proceed, + they come into _Court_, 1. + (heretofore they judg’d + in the Market-place; + at this day in the _Moot-hall_) + Hæc si non procedit, + venitur in _Forum_, 1. + (olim judicabant + in Foro, + hodiè in _Prætorio_) + in which the _Judge_, 2. + sitteth with his _Assessors_, 3. + the _Clerk_, 4. taketh + their Votes in writing. + cui _Judex_ (Prætor), 2. + præsidet cum _Assessoribus_, 3. + _Dicographus_, 4. excipit + Vota calamo. + + The _Plaintiff_, 5. + accuseth the _Defendant_, 6. + and produceth _Witnesses_, 7. + against him. + _Actor_, 5. + accusat _Reum_, 6. + & producit _Testes_, 7. + contra illum. + + The _Defendant_ excuseth + himself by a _Counsellor_, 8. + _Reus_ excusat + se per _Advocatum_, 8. + whom the Plaintiff’s _Counsellor_, 9. + contradicts. + cui Actoris _Procurator_, 9. + contradicit. + + Then the _Judge_ + pronounceth _Sentence_, + acquitting the _innocent_, + and condemning + him that is _guilty_, + Tum _Judex_ + _Sententiam_ pronunciat, + absolvens _insontem_, + & damnans + _sontem_ + to a _Punishment_, + or a _Fine_, + or _Torment_. + ad _Pœnam_, + vel _Mulctam_, + vel ad _Supplicium_. + + + + + CXXV. + + The Tormenting of Malefactors. + Supplicia Malefactorum. + + [Illustration] + + + _Malefactors_, 1. + are brought + from the _Prison_, 3. + (where they are wont to be tortured) + _Malefici_, 1. + producuntur, + è _Carcere_, 3. + (ubi torqueri solent) + by _Serjeants_, 2. + or _dragg’d with a Horse_, 15. + to place of _Execution_. + per _Lictores_, 2. + vel _Equo raptantur_, 15. + ad locum _Supplicii_. + + _Thieves_, 4. + are hanged by the _Hangman_, 6. + on a _Gallows_, 5. + _Fures_, 4. + suspenduntur a _Carnifice_, 6. + in _Patibulo_, 5. + + _Whoremasters_ + are beheaded, 7. + _Mœchi_ + decollantur, 7. + + _Murtherers_ + and _Robbers_ + _Homicidæ_ (Sicarii) + ac _Latrones_ (Piratæ) + are either laid upon a _Wheel_, 8. + having their _Legs broken_, + or fastened upon a _Stake_, 9. + vel imponuntur _Rotæ_ + _crucifragio plexi_, 8. + vel _Palo_ infiguntur, 9. + + _Witches_ + are burnt in + a _great Fire_, 10. + _Striges_ (Lamiæ) + cremantur super + _Rogum_, 10. + + Some before + they are executed + have their _Tongues cut out_, 11. + or have their _Hand_, 12. + cut off upon a _Block_, 13. + or are burnt with _Pincers_, 14. + Quidam antequam + supplicio afficiantur + _elinguantur_, 11. + aut plectuntur _Manu_, 12. + super _Cippum_, 13. + aut _Forcipibus_, 14. uruntur + + They that have their Life given them, + are set on the _Pillory_, 16. + or _strapado’d_, 17. + Vitâ donati, + constringuntur _Numellis_, 16. + luxantur, 17. + are set upon + a _wooden Horse_, 18. + have their _Ears cut off_, 19. + are _whipped with Rods_, 20. + imponuntur + _Equuleo_, 18. + _truncantur Auribus_, 19. + _cæduntur Virgis_, 20. + are branded, + are banished, + are condemned + to the _Gallies_, or to + perpetual Imprisonment. + Stigmate notantur, + relegantur, + damnantur + ad _Triremes_, vel ad + Carcerem perpetuum. + + _Traytors_ are pull’d in pieces + with four _Horses_. + _Perduelles_ discerpuntur + _Quadrigis_. + + + + + CXXVI. + + Merchandizing. + Mercatura. + + [Illustration] + + + _Wares_ + brought from other places + are either exchanged + in an _Exchange_, 1. + _Merces_, + aliunde allatæ, + aliunde vel commutantur + in _Domo Commerciorum_, 1, + or exposed to sale + in _Warehouses_, 2. + and they are sold + for _Money_, 3. + vel exponuntur venum + in _Tabernis Mercimoniorum_, 2. + & venduntur + pro _Pecuniâ_ (monetâ), 3. + being either measured + with an _Eln_, 4. + or weighed in + a _pair of Balances_, 5. + vel mensuratæ + _Ulnâ_, 4. + vel ponderatæ + _Librâ_, 5. + + _Shop-keepers_, 6. + _Pedlars_, 7. + and _Brokers_, 8. + would also be called + _Merchants_, 9. + _Tabernarii_. 6. + _Circumforanei_, 7. + & _Scrutarii_, 8. + etiam volunt dici + _Mercatores_, 9. + + The _Seller_ + braggeth of a thing + that is to be sold, + and setteth the rate of it, + and how much + it may be sold for. + _Venditor_ + ostentat + rem promercalem, + & indicat pretium, + quanti + liceat. + + The _Buyer_, 10. cheapneth + and offereth the price. + _Emptor_, 10. licetur, + & pretium offert. + + If any one + bid _against him_, 11. + the thing is delivered to him + that promiseth the most. + Si quis + _contralicetur_, 11. + ei res addicitur + qui pollicetur plurimum. + + + + + CXXVII. + + Measures and Weights. + Mensuræ & Pondera. + + [Illustration] + + + We measure things that hang together + with an _Eln_, 1. + liquid things + with a _Gallon_, 2. + and dry things + by a _two-bushel Measure_, 3. + Res continuas metimur + _Ulnâ_, 1. + liquidas + _Congio_, 2. + aridas + _Medimno_, 3. + + We try the heaviness of things + by _Weights_, 4. + and _Balances_, 5. + Gravitatem rerum experimur + _Ponderibus_, 4. + & _Librâ_ (bilance), 5. + + In this is first + the _Beam_, 6. + in the midst whereof + is a little _Axle-tree_, 7. + In hâc primò est + _Jugum_ (Scapus), 6. + in cujus medio + _Axiculus_, 7. + above the _cheeks_ and the _hole_, 8. + in which the _Needle_, 9. + moveth it self to and fro: + superiùs _trutina_ & _agina_, 8. + in quâ _Examen_, 9. + sese agitat: + on both sides are + the _Scales_, 10. + hanging by _little Cords_, 11. + utrinque sunt + _Lances_, 10. + pendentes _Funiculis_, 11. + + The _Brasiers balance_, 12. + weigheth things by hanging + them on a _Hook_, 13. + and the _Weight_, 14. + opposite to them which + _Statera_, 12. + ponderat res, suspendendo + illas _Unco_, 13. + & _Pondus_, 14. + ex opposito, quod + in (a) weigheth just as much + as the thing, + in (b) twice so much + in (c) thrice so much, &c. + in (a) æquiponderat + rei, + in (b) bis tantum, + in (c) ter, &c. + + + + + CXXVIII. + + Physick. + Ars Medica. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Patient_, 1. + sendeth for a _Physician_, 2. + who feeleth his _Pulse_, 3, + and looketh upon his _Water_, 4. + _Ægrotans_, 1. + accersit _Medicum_, 2. + qui tangit ipsius _Arteriam_, 3. + & inspicit _Urinam_, 4. + and then prescribeth + a _Receipt_ in a _Bill_, 5. + tum præscribit + _Medicamentum_ in _Schedula_, 5. + + That is made ready + by an _Apothecary_, 6. + in a _Apothecaries Shop_, 7. + Istud paratur + à _Pharmacopæo_, 6. + in _Pharmacopolio_, 7. + where _Drugs_ + are kept in _Drawers_, 8. + _Boxes_, 9. + and _Gally-pots_, 10. + ubi _Pharmaca_ + adservantur in _Capsulis_, 8. + _Pyxidibus_, 9. + & _Lagenis_, 10. + + And it is + either a _Potion_, 11. + or _Powder_, 12. + or _Pills_, 13. + or _Trochisks_, 14. + or an _Electuary_, 15. + _Estque_ + vel _Potio_, 11. + vel _Pulvis_, 12. + vel _Pillulæ_, 13. + vel _Pastilli_, 14. + vel _Electuarium_, 15. + + _Diet_ and _Prayer_, 16. + is the best _Physick_. + _Diæta_ & _Oratio_, 16. + est optima _Medicina_. + + The _Chirurgeon_, 18. + cureth _Wounds_, 17. + and _Ulcers_, + with _Plasters_, 19. + _Chirurgus_, 18. + curat _Vulnera_, 17. + & _Ulcera_, + _Spleniis_ (emplastris), 19. + + + + + CXXIX. + + A Burial. + Sepultura. + + [Illustration] + + + _Dead Folks_ + heretofore were burned, + and their Ashes + put into an _Urn_, 1. + _Defuncti_ + olim cremabantur, + & Cineres + recondebantur in _Urna_, 1. + + We enclose + our _dead Folks_ + in a _Coffin_, 2. + Nos includimus + nostros _Demortuos_ + _Loculo_, (_Capulo_), 2. + lay them upon a _Bier_, 3. + and see they be carried out + in a _Funeral Pomp_ + towards the _Church-yard_, 4. + imponimus _Feretro_, 3. + & curamus efferri + _Pompâ Funebri_ + versus _Cœmeterium_, 4. + where they are laid + in a _Grave_, 6. + by the _Bearers_, 5. + and are interred; + ubi inferuntur, + _Sepulchro_, 6, + a _Vespillonibus_, 5. + & humantur; + this is covered with + a _Grave-stone_, 7. + and is adorned + with _Tombs_, 8. + and _Epitaphs_, 9. + hoc tegitur + _Cippo_, 7. + & ornatur + _Monumentis_, 8. + ac _Epitaphiis_, 9. + + As the Corps go along + _Psalms_ are sung, + and the _Bells_ are rung, 10. + Funere prodeunte, + _Hymni_ cantantur, + & _Campanæ_, 10. pulsantur. + + + + + CXXX. + + A Stage-play. + Ludus Scenicus. + + [Illustration] + + + In a _Play-house_, 1. + (which is trimmed + with _Hangings_, 2. and + covered with _Curtains_, 3.) + In _Theatro_, 1. + (quod vestitur + _Tapetibus_, 2. & + tegitur _Sipariis_, 3.) + _Comedies_ and _Tragedies_ + are acted, + wherein memorable things + are represented; + _Comediæ_ vel _Tragœdiæ_ + aguntur, + quibus repræsentantur + res memorabiles + as here, the History + of the _Prodigal Son_, 4. + and his _Father_, 5. + by whom he is entertain’d, + being return’d home. + ut hic, Historia + de _Filio Prodigo_, 4. + & _Patre_, 5. ipsius, + à quo recipitur, + domum redux. + + The _Players_ act + being in disguise; + the _Fool_, 6. maketh Jests. + _Actores_ (_Histriones_) agunt + personati; + _Morio_, 6. dat Jocos. + + The chief of the Spectators + sit in the _Gallery_, 7. + the common sort stand + on the _Ground_, 8. + Spectatorum primarii, + sedent in _Orchestra_, 7. + plebs stat + in _Cavea_, 8. + and clap the hands, + if anything please them. + & plaudit, + si quid arridet. + + + + + CXXXI. + + Sleights. + Præstigiæ. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Tumbler_, 1. + maketh several _Shows_ + by the nimbleness + of his body, walking to and fro + on his hands, + _Præstigiator_, 1. + facit varia _Spectacula_, + volubilitate + corporis, deambulando + _manibus_, + leaping + through a _Hoop_, 2. &c. + saliendo + per _Circulum_, 2. &c. + + Sometimes also + he _danceth_, 4. + having on a Vizzard. + Interdum etiam + _tripudiat_, 4. + Larvatus. + + The _Jugler_, 3. + sheweth _sleights_, + out of a _Purse_. + _Agyrta_, 3. + facit _præstigias_ + è _Marsupio_. + + The _Rope-dancer_, 5. + goeth and danceth + upon a _Rope_, + _Funambulus_, 5. + graditur & saltat + super _Funem_, + holdeth a _Poise_, 6. + in his hand; + or hangeth himself + by the _hand_ or _foot_, 7. &c. + tenens _Halterem_, 6. + manu; + aut suspendit se + _manu_ vel _pede_, 7. &c. + + + + + CXXXII. + + The Fencing-School. + Palestra. + + [Illustration] + + + _Fencers_ + meet in a Duel + in a _Fencing-place_, + _Pugiles_ + congrediuntur Duello + in _Palestra_, + fighting with _Swords_, 1. + or _Pikes_, 2. + and _Halberds_, 3. + or _Short-swords_, 4. + decertantes vel _Gladiis_, 1. + vel _Hastilibus_, 2. + & _Bipennibus_, 3. + vel _Semispathis_, 4. + or _Rapiers_, 5. + _having balls at the point_ + (lest they wound + one another mortally) + or with _two edged-Swords_ + and a _Dagger_, 6. together. + vel _Ensibus_, 5. + _mucronem obligatis_, + (ne lædet + lethaliter) + vel _Frameis_ + & _Pugione_, 6. simul. + + _Wrestlers_, 7. + (among the Romans + in time past were nayked + and anointed with Oyl) + _Luctatores_, 7. + (apud Romanos + olim nudi + & inuncti Oleo) + take hold of one another + and strive whether + can throw the other, + especially + by _tripping up his heels_, 8. + prehendunt se invicem + & annituntur uter + alterum prosternere possit, + præprimis + _supplantando_, 8. + + _Hood-winked Fencers_, 9. + fought with their fists + in a ridiculous strife, + to wit, with their Eyes covered. + _Andabatæ_, 9. + pugnabant pugnis + ridiculo certamine, + nimirum Oculis obvelatis. + + + + + CXXXIII. + + Tennis-play. + Ludus Pilæ. + + [Illustration] + + + In a _Tennis Court_, 1. + they play with a _Ball_, 2. + which one throweth, + and another taketh, + and sendeth it back + In _Sphæristerio_, 1. + luditur _Pilâ_, 2. + quam alter mittit, + alter excipit, + & remittit + with a _Racket_, 3. + and that is the Sport + of Noble Men + to stir their Body. + _Reticulo_, 3. + idque est Lusus + Nobilium + ad commotionem Corporis. + + A _Wind-ball_, 4. + being filled with Air, + by means of a _Ventil_, + _Follis_ (pila magna), 4. + distenta Aere + ope _Epistomii_, + is tossed to and fro + with the _Fist_, 5. + in the open Air. + reverberberatur + _Pugno_, 5. + sub Dio. + + + + + CXXXIV. + + Dice-play. + Ludus Aleæ. + + [Illustration] + + + We play with _Dice_, 1. + either they that throw the most + _take up all_; + _Tesseris_ (_talis_), 1. ludimus + vel _Plistobolindam_; + or we throw them + through a _Casting-box_, 2. + upon a _Board_, 3. + marked with figures, + vel immittimus illas + per _Frittillum_, 2. + in _Tabellam_, 3. + notatam numeris, + and this is _Dice-players game_ + at _casting Lots_. + idque est _Ludas Sortilegii_ + _Aleatorum_. + + Men play by _Luck_ and _Skill_ + at _Tables_. + in a _pair of Tables_, 4. + and at _Cards_, 5. + _Sorte_ & _Arte_ luditur + _Calculis_ + in _Alveo aleatorio_, 4. + & _Chartis lusoriis_, 5. + + We play at _Chesse_ + on a _Chesse-board_, 6. where + only art beareth the sway. + Ludimus _Abaculis_ + in _Abaco_, 6. ubi + sola ars regnat. + + The most ingenious Game + is the Game of _Chesse_, 7. + wherein as it were + two Armies + fight together in Battel. + Ingeniosissimus Ludus + est Ludus _Latrunculorum_, 7. + quo veluti + duo Exercitus + confligunt Prælio. + + + + + CXXXV. + + Races. + Cursus Certamina. + + [Illustration] + + + Boys exercise themselves + by running, + either upon the _Ice_, 1. + in _Scrick-shoes_, 2. + where they are carried also + upon _Sleds_, 3. + Pueri exercent se + cursu, + sive super _Glaciem_, 1. + _Diabatris_, 2. + ubi etiam vehuntur + _Trahis_, 3. + or in the open Field, + making a _Line_, 4. + which he that desireth to win, + ought to touch, + but not to run beyond it. + sive in Campo, + designantes _Lineam_, 4. + quam qui vincere cupit + debet attingere, + at non ultrâ procurrere. + + Heretofore _Runners_, 5. + run betwixt _Rails_, 6. + to the _Goal_, 7. + Olim decurrebant _Cursores_, 5. + inter _Cancellos_, 6. + ad _Metam_, 7. + and he that toucheth it first + receiveth the _Prize_, 8. + from _him that gave the prize_, 9. + & qui primum contingebat eam, + accipiebat _Brabeum_, (_præmium_), 8. + à _Brabeuta_, 9. + + At this day _Tilting_ + (or the quintain) is used, + Hodie _Hastiludia_ + habentur, + (where a _Hoop_, 11. + is struck at with + a _Truncheon_, 10.) + instead of _Horse-races_, which + are grown out of use. + (ubi _Circulus_, 11. + petitur + _Lancea_, 10.) + loco _Equiriorum_, quæ + abierunt in desuetudinem. + + + + + CXXXVI. + + Boys Sport. + Ludi Pueriles. + + [Illustration] + + + _Boys_ use to play + either with _Bowling-stones_ 1. + or throwing a _Bowl_, 2. + at _Nine-pins_, 3. + _Pueri_ solent ludere + vel _Globis fictilibus_, 1. + vel jactantes _Globum_, 2. + ad _Conas_, 3. + or striking a _Ball_, + through a _Ring_, 5. + with a _Bandy_, 4. + or scourging a _Top_, 6. + with a _Whip_, 7. + vel mittentes _Sphærulam_ + per _Annulum_, 5. + _Clava_, 4. + versantes _Turbinem_, 6. + _Flagello_, 7. + or shooting with a _Trunk_, 8. + and a _Bow_, 9. or going + upon _Stilts_, 10, or + tossing and swinging themselves + upon a _Merry-totter_, 11. + vel jaculantes _Sclopo_, 8. + & _Arcu_, 9. vel incidentes + _Grallis_, 10. vel + super _Petaurum_, 11. + se agitantes & oscillantes. + + + + + CXXXVII. + + The Kingdom and the Region. + Regnum & Regio. + + [Illustration] + + + Many _Cities_ and _Villages_ + make a _Region_ + and a _Kingdom_. + Multæ _Urbes_ & _Pagi_ + faciunt _Regionem_ + & _Regnum_. + + The _King_ or _Prince_ + resideth in the _chief City_, 1. + _Rex_ aut _Princeps_ + sedet in _Metropoli_. 1. + the _Noblemen_, _Lords_, + and _Earls_ dwell + in the _Castles_, 2. + _Nobiles_, _Barones_, + & _Comites_ habitant + in _Arcibus_, 2. + that lie about it; + the _Country People_ + dwell in _Villages_, 3. + circumjacentibus; + _Rustici_ + in _Pagis_, 3. + + He hath his _toll-places_ + upon _navigable Rivers_, 4. + and _high-Roads_, 5. + Habet _telonia sua_ + juxta _Flumina navigabilia_, 4. + & _Vias regias_, 5. + where _Portage_ and _Tollage_ + is exacted of them + that sail + or travel. + ubi _Portorum_ & _Vectigal_ + exigitur a + navigantibus + & iter facientibus. + + + + + CXXXVIII. + + Regal Majesty. + Regia Majestas. + + [Illustration] + + + The _King_, 1. + sitteth on his _Throne_, 2. + in Kingly State, + with a stately _Habit_, 3. + crowned with a _Diadem_, 4. + _Rex_, 1. + sedet in suo _Solio_, 2. + in regio splendore, + magnifico _Habitu_, 3. + redimitus _Diademate_, 4. + holding a _Scepter_, 5. + in his Hand, + being attended with + a Company of _Courtiers_. + tenens _Sceptrum_, 5. + manu, + stipatus + frequentiâ _Aulicorum_. + + The chief among these, + are the _Chancellor_, 6. + with the _Counsellors_ + and _Secretaries_, + Inter hos primarii + sunt _Cancellarius_, 6. + cum _Consiliariis_ + & _Secretariis_, + the _Lord-marshall_, 7. + the _Comptroller_, 8. + the _Cup-bearer_, 9. + the _Taster_, 10. + _Præfectus Prætorii_, 7. + _Aulæ Magister_, 8. + _Pocillator_ (pincerna), 9. + _Dapifer_, 10. + the _Treasurer_, 11. + the _High Chamberlain_, 12. + and the _Master of the Horse_, 13. + _Thesaurarius_, 11. + _Archi-Cubicularius_, 12. + & _Stabuli Magister_, 13. + + There are subordinate + to these + the _Noble Courtiers_, 14. + the _Noble Pages_, 15. + Subordinantur + his + _Nobiles Aulici_, 14. + _Nobile Famulitium_, 15. + with the _Chamberlains_, + and _Lacquies_, 16. + the _Guard_, 17. + with their _Attendance_. + cum _Cubiculariis_, + & _Cursoribus_, 16. + _Stipatores_, 17. + cum _Satellitio_. + + He solemnly giveth Audience + to the _Ambassadors_ + of Foreign Princes, 18. + Solemniter recipit + _Legatos_ + exterorum, 18. + + He sendeth + his _Vice-gerents_, + _Deputies_, + _Governors_, _Treasurers_, + and _Ambassadors_ + Ablegat + _Vicarios_ suos, + _Administratores_, + _Præfectos_, _Quæstores_, + & _Legatos_, + to other places, + to whom he sendeth + new _Commissions_ + ever and anon by the _Posts_, 19. + aliorsum, + quibus mittit + _Mandata nova_ + subinde per _Veredarios_, 19. + + The _Fool_, 20. + maketh Laughter + by his toysom Actions. + _Morio_, 20. + movet Risum + ludicris Actionibus. + + + + + CXXXIX. + + The Soldier. + Miles. + + [Illustration] + + + If we be to make War + _Soldiers_ are lifted, 1. + Si bellandum est + scribuntur _Milites_. 1. + + Their _Arms_ are + a _Head-piece_, 2. + (which is adorned with + a _Crest_) and the _Armour_, + Horum _Arma_ sunt, + _Galea_ (Cassis, 2.) + (quæ ornatur + _Cristâ_) & _Armatura_, + whose parts are a _Collar_, 3. + a _Breast-plate_, 4. + _Arm-pieces_, 5. + _Leg-pieces_, 6. + _Greaves_, 7. + cujus partes _Torquis ferreus_, 3. + _Thorax_, 4. + _Brachialia_, 5. + _Ocreæ ferreæ_, 6. + _Manicæ_, 7. + with a _Coat of Mail_, 8. + and a _Buckler_, 9. + these are the defensive Arms. + cum _Lorica_, 8. + & _Scuto_ (Clypeo), 9. + hæc sunt Arma defensiva. + + The offensive are + a _Sword_, 10. + a _two-edged Sword_, 11. + a _Falchion_, 12. + Offensiva sunt + _Gladius_, 10. + _Framea_, 11. + & _Acinaces_, 12. + which are put up into + a _Scabbard_, 13. + and are girded with + a _Girdle_, 14. or _Belt_, 15. + qui reconduntur + _Vaginâ_, 13. + accinguntur + _Cingulo_, 14. vel _Baltheo_, 15. + (a _Scarf_, 16. + serveth for ornament) + a _two handed-Sword_, 17. + and a _Dagger_, 18. + (_Fascia militaris_, 16. + inservit ornatui) + _Romphæa_, 17. + & _Pugio_, 18. + + In these is the _Haft_, 19. + with the _Pummel_, 20. + and the _Blade_, 21. + having a _Point_, 22. + In his est _Manubrium_, 19. + cum _Pomo_, 20. + & _Verutum_, 21. + _Cuspidatum_, 22. + in the middle are + the _Back_, 23. + and the _Edge_, 24. + in medio + _Dorsum_, 23. + & _Acies_, 24. + + The other Weapons are + a _Pike_, 25. a _Halbert_, 26. + Reliqua arma sunt + _Hasta_, 25. _Bipennis_, 26. + (in which is the _Haft_, 27. + and the _Head_, 28.) + a _Club_, 29. and a _Whirlebat_, 30. + (in quibus _Hastile_, 27. + & _Mucro_, 28.) + _Clava_, 29. & _Cœstus_, 30. + + They fight at a distance + with _Muskets_, 31. + and _Pistols_, 32. which + Pugnatur eminùs + _Bombardis_ (Sclopetis), 31. + & _Sclopis_, 32. quæ + are charged with _Bullets_, 33. + out of a _Bullet-bag_, 34. + and with _Gun-powder_ + out of a _Bandalier_, 35. + onerantur _Globis_, 33. + è _Theca bombardica_, 34. + & _Pulvere nitrato_ + è _Pyxide pulveraria_, 35. + + + + + CXL. + + The Camps. + Castra. + + [Illustration] + + + When a _Design_ is undertaken + the _Camp_, 1. is pitched + _Expeditione_ susceptâ, + _Castra_, 1. locantur + and the _Tents_ + of _Canvas_, 2. or _Straw_, 3. + are fastned with _Stakes_; + & _Tentoria_ + _Linteis_, 2. vel _Stramentis_, 3. + figuntur _Paxillis_; + and they entrench them about + for security’s sake, + with _Bulwarks_, 4. + and _Ditches_, 5. + eaque circumdant, + securitatis gratiâ + _Aggeribus_, 4. + & _Fossis_, 5. + _Sentinels_, 6. are also set; + and _Scouts_, 7. are sent out. + _Excubiæ_, 6. constituuntur; + & _Exploratores_, 7. emittuntur. + + _Sallyings out_, 8. + are made for Forage + and Plunder-sake, + where they often cope with + the _Enemy_, 9. in skirmishing. + _Excursiones_, 8. + fiunt Pabulationis + & Prædæ causâ, + ubi sæpius confligitur cum + _Hostibus_, 9. velitando. + + The _Pavilion_ + of the _Lord General_ is in + the midst of the _Camp_, 10. + _Tentorium_ + _summi Imperatoris_ est in + medio _Castrorum_, 10. + + + + + CXLI. + + The Army and the Fight. + Acies & Prœlium. + + [Illustration] + + + When the _Battel_ + is to be fought + the _Army_ is set in order, and + divided into the _Front_, 1. + the _Rere_, 2. + and the _Wings_, 3. + Quando _Pugna_ + committenda est, + _Acies_ instruitur, & + dividitur in _Frontem_, 1. + _Tergum_, 2. + & _Alas_ (_Cornua_), 3. + + The _Foot_, 4. + are intermixed + with the _Horse_, 5. + _Peditatus_, 4. + intermiscetur + _Equitatui_, 5. + + That is divided + into _Companies_, + this into _Troops_. + Ille distinguitur + in _Centurias_, + hic in _Turmas_. + + These carry _Banners_, 6. + those _Flags_, 7. + in the midst of them. + Illæ in medio + ferunt _Vexilla_, 6. + hæ _Labara_, 7. + + Their Officers are, + _Corporals_, _Ensigns_, + _Lieutenants_, _Captains_, 8. + Eorum Præfecti sunt, + _Decuriones_, _Signiferi_, + _Vicarii_, _Centuriones_, 8. + _Commanders of the Horse_, 9. + _Lieutenant Colonels_, + _Colonels_, + and he that is the chief of all, + the _General_. + _Magistri Equitum_, 9. + _Tribuni_, + _Chiliarchæ_, + & summus omnium + _Imperator_. + + The _Drummers_, 10. + and the _Drumslades_, 11. + as also the _Trumpeters_, 12. + call to Arms, + and inflame the Soldier. + _Tympanistæ_, 10. + & _Tympanotribæ_, 11. + ut & _Tubicines_, 12. + vocant ad Arma + & inflammant Militem. + + At the first Onset + the _Muskets_, 13. and + _Ordnance_, 14. are shot off. + Primo Conflictu, + _Bombardæ_, 13. & + _Tormenta_, 14. exploduntur. + + Afterwards they fight, 15. + hand to hand + with _Pikes_ and _Swords_. + Postea pugnatur, 15. + cominus + _Hastis_ & _Gladiis_. + + _They that are overcome_ + are _slain_, 16. + or taken prisoners, + or _run away_, 17. + _Victi_ + _trucidantur_, 16. + vel capiuntur, + vel _aufugiunt_, 17. + + _They that are for the Reserve_, 18. + come upon them + out of their _places where_ + _they lay in wait_. + _Succenturiati_, 18. + superveniunt + ex _insidiis_. + + The _Carriages_, 19. + are plundered. + _Impedimenta_, 19. + spoliantur. + + + + + CXLII. + + The Sea-Fight. + Pugna Navalis. + + [Illustration] + + + A _Sea-fight_ + is terrible, + when huge _Ships_, + like _Castles_, + run one upon another + _Navale prœlium_ + terribile est, + quum ingentes _Naves_, + veluti _Arces_, + concurrunt + with their _Beaks_, 1. + or shatter one another + with their _Ordnance_, 2. + _Rostris_, 1. + aut se invicem quassant + _Tormentis_, 2. + and so being bored thorow + they drink in + their own Destruction, + and are _sunk_, 3. + atque ita perforatæ, + imbibunt + perniciem suam + & _submerguntur_, 3. + + Or when they are set on fire + and either by the firing + of _Gun-powder_, 4. + Aut quum igne corripiuntur, + & vel ex incendio + _pulveris tormentarii_, 4. + men are blown up into the air, + or are burnt in + the midst of the waters, + or else leaping into + the Sea are drowned. + homines ejiciuntur in ærem, + vel exuruntur in + mediis aquis, + vel etiam desilientes + in mare, suffocantur. + + A _Ship_ that flieth away, 5. + is overtaken + by those that _pursue her_, 6. + and is taken. + _Navis_ fugitiva, 5. + intercipitur + ab _insequentibus_, 6. + & capitur. + + + + + CXLIII. + + The Besieging of a City. + Obsidium Urbis. + + [Illustration] + + + A _City_ that + is like to endure a _Siege_, + is first summoned + by a _Trumpeter_, 1. + and persuaded to _yield_. + _Urbs_ + passura _Obsidionem_, + primum provocatur + per _Tubicinem_, 1. + & invitatur ad _Depitionem_. + + Which if it refuseth to do, + it is assaulted by the Besiegers, + and taken by storm. + Quod si abnuat facere, + oppugnatur ab Obsidentibus + & occupatur. + + Either by climbing over + the walls with _Scaling-ladders_, 2. + or breaking them down + with _Battering-engins_, 3. + Vel muros per _Scalas_, 2. + transcendendo, + aut diruendo + _Arietibus_, 3. + or demolishing them + with _great Guns_, 4. + or breaking through + the Gates with a _Petarr_, 5. + aut demoliendo + _Tormentis_, 4. + vel dirumpendo + portas _Exostra_, 5. + or casting _Granadoes_, 6. + out of _Mortar-pieces_, 7. + into the City, + by _Engineers_, 8. + vel ejaculando _Globos Tormentarios_, 6. + e _Mortariis_ (_balistis_), 7. + in Urbem + per _Balistarios_, 8. + (who lye behind + _Leagure-baskets_, 9.) + or overthrowing it with + _Mines_ by _Pioneers_, 10. + (qui latitant post + _Gerras_, 9.) + vel subvertendo + _Cuniculis_ per _Fossores_, 10, + + _They that are besieged_ + defend themselves + from the _Walls_, 11. + with fire and stones, &c, + or _break out by force_, 12. + _Obsessi_ + defendunt se + de _Muris_, 11. + ignibus, lapidibus, &c. + aut _erumpunt_, 12. + + A _City_ + _that is taken by Storm_ + is plundered, + destroyed, + and sometimes laid even + with the ground. + _Urbs_ + _vi expugnata_, + diriditur, + exciditur, + interdum equatur + solo. + + + + + CXLIV. + + Religion. + Religio. + + [Illustration] + + + _Godliness_, 1. + the Queen of Vertues, + _worshippeth God_, 4. devoutly, + _Pietas_, 1. + Regina Virtutum + _colit Deum_, 4. humiliter, + the Knowledge of God + being drawn either from + the _Book of Nature_, 2. + (for the work commendeth + the Work-master) + Notitiâ Dei, + haustâ vel ex + _Libro Naturæ_, 2. + (nam opus commendat + Artificem) + or from + the _Book of Scripture_, 3. + she meditateth upon + his Commandments contained + in the _Decalogue_, 5. + vel ex + _Libro Scripturæ_, 3. + recolit + Mandata ejus comprehensa + in _Decalogo_, 5. + and treading Reason under foot, + that _Barking Dog_, 6. + she giveth _Faith_, 7. + and assent + to the Word of God, + & conculcans Rationem, + _oblatrantem Canem_, 6. + præbet _Fidem_, 7. + & assensum + Verbo Dei, + and _calleth_ upon him, 8. + as a Helper in adversity. + eumque _invocat_, 8. + ut Opitulatorem in adversis. + + _Divine Services_ + are done in the _Church_, 9. + in which are the _Quire_, 10. + with the _Altar_, 11. + _Officia Divina_ + fiunt in _Templo_, 9. + in quo est _Penetrale_ (Adytum, 10.) + cum _Altari_, 11. + the _Vestry_, 12. + the _Pulpit_, 13. + _Seats_, 14. + _Galleries_, 15. + and a _Font_, 16. + _Sacrarium_, 12. + _Suggestus_, 13. + _Subsellia_, 14. + _Ambones_, 15. + & _Baptisterium_, 16. + + All men perceive + that there is a God, + but all men do not + rightly know God. + Omnes homines sentiunt + esse Deum, + sed non omnes + rectè nôrunt Deum. + + Hence are divers _Religions_ + whereof IV. are reckoned + yet as the chief. + Hinc diversæ _Religiones_ + quarum IV. numerantur + adhuc primariæ. + + + + + CXLV. + + Gentilism. + Gentilimus. + + [Illustration] + + + The _Gentiles_ feigned + to themselves near upon + XIIM. _Deities_. + _Gentiles_ finxerunt + sibi prope + XIIM. _Numina_. + + The chief of them were + _Jupiter_, 1. _President_, and + _petty-God of Heaven_; + Eorum præcipua erant + _Jupiter_, 1. _Præses_ & + _Deaster cœli_; + _Neptune_, 2. of the Sea; + _Pluto_, 3. of Hell; + _Mars_, 4. of War; + _Apollo_, 5. of Arts; + _Neptunus_, 2. Maris; + _Pluto_, 3. Inferni; + _Mars_, 4. Belli; + _Apollo_, 5. Artium; + _Mercury_, 6. of Thieves, + Merchants, + and Eloquence; + _Vulcan_, (_Mulciber_) + of Fire and Smiths; + _Mercurius_, 6. Furum, + Mercatorum, + & Eloquentiæ; + _Vulcanus_ (_Mulciber_), + Ignis & Fabrorum; + _Æolus_, of Winds: + and the most obscene of + all the rest, _Priapus_. + _Æolus_, Ventorum; + & obscænissimus, + _Priapus_. + + They had also + Womanly Deities: + such as were _Venus_, 7. + the Goddess of Loves, + and Pleasures, with + her little son _Cupid_, 8. + Habuerant etiam + Muliebria Numina; + qualia fuerunt _Venus_, 7. + Dea Amorum, + & Voluptatum, cum + filiolo _Cupidine_, 8. + _Minerva_ (_Pallas_), with + the nine _Muses of Arts_; + _Juno_, of Riches and Weddings; + _Minerva_ (_Pallas_), cum + novem _Musis Artium_; + _Juno_, Divitiarum & Nuptiarum; + _Vesta_, of Chastity; + _Ceres_, of Corn; + _Diana_, of Hunting, + and Fortune; + and besides these _Morbona_, + and _Febris_ her self. + _Vesta_, Castitatis; + _Ceres_, Frumentorum; + _Diana_, Venationum; + & Fortuna: + quin & _Morbona_, + ac _Febris_ ipsa. + + The _Egyptians_, + instead of God + worshipped all sorts + of Beasts and Plants, + and whatsoever they saw + first in the morning. + _Ægyptii_, + pro Deo + colebant omne genus + Animalium & Plantarum, + & quicquid conspiciebantur + primum mane. + + The _Philistines_ offered + to _Moloch_, 9. + their Children to be burnt alive, + _Philistæi_ offerebant + _Molocho_ (_Saturno_), 9. + Infantes cremandos vivos. + + The _Indians_, 10. even to this day, + worship + the _Devil_, 11. + _Indi_, 10. etiamnum + venerantur + _Cacodæmona_, 11. + + + + + CXLVI. + + Judaism. + Judaismus. + + [Illustration] + + + Yet the true _Worship_ + of the true _God_, + remained with the _Patriarchs_, + who lived before + and after the Flood. + Verus tamem _Cultus_ + veri _Dei_, + remansit apud _Patriarchas_, + qui vixerunt ante + & post Diluvium. + + Amongst these, + that Seed of the Woman, + the _Messias_ of the World, + was promised to _Abraham_, 1. + Inter hos, + Semen illud Mulieris, + _Messias_ Mundi, + promissus est _Abrahamo_. 1. + the Founder of the _Jews_, + the Father of them that believe: + and he (being called away + from the Gentiles) + with his Posterity, + Conditori _Judæorum_, + Patri credentium: + & ipse (avocatus + a Gentilibus) + cum Posteris, + being marked with the _Sacrament_ + _of Circumcision_, 2. + made a peculiar people, + and _Church_ of God. + notatus _Sacramento_ + _Circumcisionis_, 2. + constitutus singularis populus, + & _Ecclesia_ Dei. + + Afterwards God + gave his _Law_, + written with his own Finger + in _Tables of Stone_, 5. + to this people + by _Moses_, 3. + in Mount _Sinai_, 4. + Postea Deus + exhibuit _Legem_ suam, + scriptam Digito suo + in _Tabulis Lapideis_, 5. + huic Populo + per _Mosen_, 3. + in Monte _Sinai_, 4. + + Furthermore, he ordained + the eating the _Paschal Lamb_, 6. + and _Sacrifices_ + to be offered upon an _Altar_, 7. + Porrò ordinavit + manducationem _Agni Paschalis_, 6. + & _Sacrificia_ + offerenda in _Altari_, 7. + by _Priests_, 8. + and _Incense_, 9. and commanded + a _Tabernacle_, 10. + with the Ark of the Covenant, 11. + to be made: + per _Sacerdotes_, 8. + & _Suffitus_, 9. & jussit + _Tabernaculum_, 10. + cum Arca Fœderis, 11. + fieri: + and besides, + a _brazen Serpent_, 12. + to be set up against + the biting of Serpents in + the Wilderness. + præterea, + _æneum Serpentem_, 12. + erigi contra + morsum Serpentum in + Deserto. + + All which things + were _Types_ of the _Messias_ + to come, whom + the _Jews_ yet look for. + Quæ omnia + _Typi_ erant _Messiæ_ + venturi, quem + _Judæi_ adhuc expectant. + + + + + CXLVII. + + Christianity. + Christianismus. + + [Illustration] + + + The only begotten eternal + _Son of God_, 3. + Unigenitus æternus + _Dei Filius_, 3. + being promised to + _our first Parents in Paradise,_ + at the last being conceived + by the _Holy Ghost_, + promissus + _Protoplastis in Paradiso_, + tandem conceptus + per _Sanctum Spiritum_ + in the most Holy Womb + of the _Virgin Mary_, 1. + of the royal house of _David_ + and clad with humane flesh, + in sanctissimo utero + _Virginis Mariæ_, 1. + de domo regiâ _Davidis_, + & indutus humanâ carne, + came into the World + at _Bethlehem of Judæa_, + in the extream poverty + of a _Stable_, 2. + prodiit in mundum + _Bethlehemæ Judæâ_, + in summâ paupertate + _Stabuli_, 2. + in the fullness of time, + _in the year of the world_ 3970, + but pure from all sin, + impleto tempore, + _Anno Mundi_ 3970, + sed mundus ab omni peccato + and the name of _Jesus_ + was given him, + which signifieth a _Saviour_. + & nomen _Jesu_ + impositum fuit ei, + quod significat _Salvatorem_. + + When he was sprinkled + with _holy Baptism_, 4. + (the _Sacrament_ + of the _new Covenant_) + by _John_ his Forerunner, 5. + Hic, cum imbueretur + _sacro Baptismo_, 4. + (_Sacramento_ + _novi Fœderis_) + à _Johanne_ præcursore suo, 5. + in _Jordan_, + the most sacred _Mystery_ + of the divine _Trinity_, + appear’d + by the _Father’s_ voice, 6. + in _Jordane_ + apparuit + sacratissimum _Mysterium_ + Divinæ _Trinitatis_, + _Patris_ voce, 6. + (whereby he testified + that this was his _Son_) + and the _Holy Ghost_ + in the shape of a _Dove_, 7. + coming down from Heaven. + (quâ testabatur + hunc esse _Filium_ suum) + & _Spiritu sancto_ + in specie _Columbæ_, 7. + delabente cœlitus. + + From that time, + being the 30th year of his Age, + unto the fourth year, + he declared who he was, + Ab eo tempore, + tricesimo anno ætatis suæ, + usque an annum quartum, + declaravit quis esset, + his words and works + manifesting his Divinity, + being neither owned, + nor entertained by the _Jews_, + because of his voluntary poverty. + verbis & operibus + præ se ferentibus Divinitatem, + nec agnitus, + nec acceptus a _Judæis_, + ob voluntariam paupertatem. + + He was at last taken by + these (when he had first + instituted the _Mystical Supper_, 8. + _of his Body and Blood_ + Captus tandem ab + his (quum prius + instituisset _Cœnam Mysticam_, 8. + _Corporis_ & _Sanguinis sui_, + for a Seal + of the _new Covenant_ and + the remembrance of himself) + in Sigillum + _novi Fœderis_, & + sui recordationem) + carried to the _Judgment-seat_ + _of Pilate_, + Governour under _Cæsar_, + accused and condemned + as an innocent _Lamb_; + raptus ad _Tribunal_ + _Pilati_, + Præfecti _Cæsarei_, + accusatus & damnatus est + _Agnus_ innocentissimus; + and being fastned upon a _Cross_, 9. + _he dyed_, being + sacrificed upon the Altar + for the sins of the World. + actusque in _Crucem_, 9. + _mortem subiit_, + immolatus in arâ + pro peccatis mundi. + + But when he had revived + by his Divine Power, + he rose again the third day + out of the _Grave_, 10. + Sed quum revixisset + Divinâ suâ Virtute, + resurrexit tertia die + è _Sepulchro_, 10. + and forty days after + being taken up + from _Mount Olivet_, 11. + into _Heaven_, 12. + & post dies XL. + sublatus + de _Monte Oliveti_, 11. + in _Cœlum_, 12. + and returning thither + whence he came, + he vanished as it were, + while the _Apostles_, 13. + gazed upon him, + & eo rediens + unde venerat, + quasi evanuit, + _Apostolis_, 13. + aspectantibus, + to whom he sent + his _Holy Spirit_, 14. + from _Heaven_, the tenth day + after his _Ascension_, + quibus misit + _Spiritum Sanctum_, 14. + de _Cœlo_, decima die + post _Ascensum_, + and them, + (being filled with his power) + into the World + to preach of him; + ipsos vero, + (hac virtute impletos) + in Mundum + prædicaturos; + being henceforth to come again + to the _last Judgment_, + sitting in the mean time + at the _right hand_ + _of the Father_, + and interceding for us. + olim rediturus + ad _Judicium extremum_, + interea sedens + ad _dextram_ + _Patris_, + & intercedens pro nobis. + + From this _Christ_ + we are called _Christians_, + and are saved in him alone. + Ab hoc _Christo_ + dicimur _Christiani_, + inque eo solo salvamur. + + + + + CXLVIII. + + Mahometism. + Mahometismus. + + [Illustration] + + + _Mahomet_, 1. + a warlike Man, + invented to himself + a new Religion, + mixed with _Judaism_, + _Christianity_ and _Gentilism_, + _Mahomet_, 1. + Homo bellator, + excogitabat sibi + novam Religionem, + mixtam ex _Judaismo_, + _Christianismo_ & _Gentilismo_, + by the advice of a _Jew_, 2. + and an _Arian Monk_, 3. + named _Sergius_; feigning, + whilst he had the _Fit_ + _of the Falling-sickness_, + consilio _Judæi_, 2. + & _Monachi Ariani_, 3. + nomine _Sergii_; fingens, + dum laboraret _Epilepsia_, + that the _Archangel Gabriel_ + and the _Holy Ghost_, + talked with him, + using a _Pigeon_, 4. + to fetch Meat + out of his Ear. + _Archangelum Gabrielem_, + & _Spiritum Sanctum_, + secum colloqui, + adsuefaciens _Columbam_, 4. + petere Escam + ex Aure sua. + + His _Followers_ + refrain themselves + from _Wine_; + are circumcised, + have many _Wives_; + _Asseclæ_ ejus + abstinent se + à _Vino_; + circumciduntur, + sunt _Polygami_; + build _Chapels_, 5. + from the _Steeples_ whereof, + they are called to Holy Service + not by _Bells_, + but by a _Priest_, 6. + exstruunt _Sacella_, 5. + de quorum _Turriculis_, + convocantur ad sacra + non a _Campanis_, + sed a _Sacerdote_, 6. + they wash themselves often, 7. + they deny the _Holy Trinity_: + they _honour Christ_, + not as the _Son of God_, + sæpius se abluunt, 7. + negant _SS. Trinitatem_: + _Christum honorant_, + non ut _Dei Filium_, + but as a great _Prophet_, + yet less than _Mahomet_; + they call their _Law_, + the _Alchoran_. + sed ut magnum _Prophetam_, + minorem tamen _Mahomete_; + _Legem_ suam vocant + _Alcoran_. + + + + + CXLIX. + + Gods Providence. + Providentia Dei. + + [Illustration] + + + Mens States + are not to be attributed + to _Fortune_ or _Chance_, + or the _Influence of the Stars_, + Humanæ Sortes + non tribuendæ sunt + _Fortunæ_ aut _Casui_, + aut _Influxui Siderum_, + (_Comets_, 1. indeed + are wont to portend no good) + but to the provident + _Eye of God_, 2. + (_Cometæ_, 1. quidem + solent nihil boni portendere) + sed provido + _Dei Oculo_, 2. + and to his _governing Hand_, 3. + even our _Sights_, + or _Oversights_, + or even our _Faults_. + & ejusdem _Manui rectrici_, 3. + etiam nostræ _Prudentiæ_, + vel _Imprudentiæ_, + vel etiam _Noxæ_. + + _God_ hath his _Ministers_ + and _Angels_, 4. + who accompany a _Man_, 5. + from his birth, + as _Guardians_, + against wicked _Spirits_, + _Deus_ habet _Ministros_ suos, + & _Angelos_, 4. + qui associant se _Homini_, 5. + à nativitate ejus, + ut _Custodes_, + contra malignos _Spiritus_, + or the _Devil_, 6. + who every minute + layeth wait for him, + to tempt + and vex him. + seu _Diabolum_, 6. + qui minutatim + struit insidias ei, + ad tentandum + vel vexandum. + + Wo to the mad + _Wizzards_ and _Witches_ + who give themselves to the _Devil_, + (being inclosed in a _Circle_, 7. + calling upon him + with Charms) + Væ dementibus + _Magis_ & _Lamiis_ + qui Cacodæmoni se dedunt + (inclusi _Circulo_, 7. + eum advocantes + Incantamentis) + they dally with him, + and fall from God! + for they shall receive + their reward with him. + cum eo colludunt + & à Deo deficiunt! + nam cum illo + mercedem accipient. + + + + + CL. + + The Last Judgment. + Judicium extremum. + + [Illustration] + + + For the _last day_ + shall come + which shall raise up the _Dead_, 2. + with the sound of a _Trumpet_, 1. + Nam _dies novissima_ + veniet, + quæ resuscitabit _Mortuos_, 2. + voce _Tubæ_, 1. + and summon the _Quick_ + with them + to the _Judgment-seat_ + of _Christ Jesus_, 3. + (appearing in the Clouds) + & citabit _Vivos_, + cum illis + ad _Tribunal_ + _Jesu Christi_, 3. + (apparentis in Nubibus) + to give an Account + of all things done. + ad reddendam rationem + omnium actorum. + + When the _Godly_ & _Elect_, 4. + shall enter into life eternal + into the place of Bliss, + and the new _Hierusalem_, 5. + Ubi _pii_ (_justi_) & _Electi_, 4. + introibunt in vitam æternam, + in locum Beatitudinis + & novum _Hierosolymam_, 5. + + But the _Wicked_ + and the _damned_, 6. + shall be thrust into _Hell_, 8. + with the _Devils_, 7. + to be there tormented for ever. + _Impii_ vero, + & _damnati_, 6. + cum _Cacodæmonibus_, 7. + in _Gehennum_, 8. + detrudentur, + ibi cruciandi æternum. + + + + + CLI. + + The Close. + Clausula. + + [Illustration] + + + Thus thou hast seen in short, + all things + that can be shewed, + Ita vidisti summatim + res omnes + quæ poterunt ostendi, + and hast learned + the _chief Words_ + of the _English_ and _Latin_ + _Tongue_. + & didicisti + _Voces primarias_ + _Anglicæ_ & _Latinæ_ + _Linguæ_. + + Go on now + and read other good _Books_ + diligently, + and thou shalt become + _learned_, _wise_, and _godly_. + Perge nunc + & lege diligenter alias + bonos _Libros_, + ut fias + _doctus_, _sapiens_, & _pius_. + + Remember these things; + fear God, and call upon him, + that he may bestow + upon thee + the _Spirit of Wisdom_. + Memento horum; + Deum time, & invoca eum, + ut largiatur + tibi + _Spiritum Sapientiæ_. + + Farewell. + Vale. + + + + + INDEX TITULORUM. + + Cap. Pag. + + A. + 141 Acies & Prælium 178 + 6 Aer 10 + 46 Agricultura 58 + 33 Amphibia 40 + 43 Animi hominis 54 + 19 Animalia & _primum_ Aves 24 + 7 Aqua 12 + 13 Arbor 17 + 119 Arbor Consanguinitatis 150 + 128 Ars Medica 163 + 92 Ars Scriptoria 112 + 100 Artes Sermonis 121 + 52 Aucupium 65 + 24 Aves Aquaticæ 30 + 22 Aves Campestres & Sylvestres 28 + 20 Aves Domesticæ 25 + 23 Aves Rapaces 29 + + B. + 75 Balneum 91 + 96 Bibliopegus 117 + 95 Bibliopolium 116 + + C. + 41 Canales & Ossa 50 + 39 Caput & Manus 47 + 40 Caro & Viscera 49 + 140 Castra 177 + 147 Christianismus 187 + 4 Cœlum 7 + 58 Convivium 72 + 55 Coquinaria 68 + 135 Cursus Certamina 171 + + D. + 44 Deformes & Monstrosi 55 + 2 Deus 5 + 67 Domus 82 + + E. + 106 Eclipses 131 + 84 Eques 102 + 77 Equile 194 + 109 Ethica 36 + 108 Europa 134 + + F. + 69 Faber Ferrarius 85 + 64 Faber lignarius 79 + 65 Faber murarius 80 + 30 Feræ Bestiæ 36 + 29 Feræ Pecudes 35 + 71 Figulus 87 + 15 Flores 20 + 113 Fortitudo 141 + 14 Fructus Arborum 18 + 17 Fruges 22 + 18 Frutices 23 + + G. + 145 Gentilismus 184 + 103 Geometria 126 + + H. + 36 Homo 43 + 78 Horologia 95 + 45 Hortorum cultura 56 + 115 Humanitas 144 + 73 Hypocaustum _cum_ Dormitorio 89 + + I. + 5 Ignis 8 + 32 Insecta repentia 38 + 25 Insecta volantia 31 + 101 Instrumenta Musica 123 + 123 Interiora Urbis 156 + 1 Invitatio 1 + 146 Judaismus 186 + 124 Judicium 157 + 150 Jud’m extremum 193 + 28 Jumenta 34 + 116 Justitia 145 + + L. + 12 Lapides 15 + 54 Lanionia 67 + 97 Liber 118 + 117 Liberalitas 147 + 61 Lintea 76 + 134 Ludus Aleæ 170 + 136 Ludi pueriles 172 + 133 Ludus Pilæ 169 + 130 Ludus Scenicus 166 + + M. + 66 Machinæ 81 + 148 Mahometismus 190 + 35 Marinæ Pisces & Conchæ 42 + 48 Mellificium 61 + 38 Membra Hominis Externa 45 + 127 Mensuræ & Pondera 162 + 126 Mercatura 161 + 68 Metallifodina 84 + 11 Metalla 15 + 139 Miles 176 + 49 Molitura 62 + 3 Mundus 6 + 99 Museum 120 + + N. + 88 Natatus 107 + 91 Naufragium 111 + 89 Navis actuaria 108 + 90 Navis oneraria 109 + 8 Nubes 12 + + O. + 143 Obsidium Urbis 181 + 16 Olera 21 + 21 Oscines 27 + + P. + 132 Palæstra 168 + 50 Panificium 63 + 93 Papyrus 113 + 72 Partes Domus 88 + 114 Patientia 142 + 27 Pecora 33 + 47 Pecuaria 59 + 105 Phases Lunæ 130 + 102 Philosophia 125 + 79 Pictura 96 + 51 Piscatio 64 + 34 Pisces Fluviatiles 41 + 104 Planet. Aspectus 129 + 131 Præstigiæ 167 + 149 Providentia Dei 191 + 110 Prudentia 137 + 142 Pugna Navalis 180 + 74 Putei 90 + + Q. + 26 Quadrupedia & _primum_ Domestica 32 + + R. + 138 Regia Majestas 174 + 137 Regnum & Regio 173 + 144 Religio 183 + 82 Restio & Lorarius 99 + + S. + 62 Sartor 77 + 98 Schola 119 + 70 Scriniarius & Tornator 86 + 111 Sedulitas 139 + 42 Sensus externi & interni 52 + 37 Septum Ætat. Hominis 44 + 129 Sepultura 165 + 31 Serpentes & Reptilia 37 + 118 Societas Conjugalis 144 + 121 Societas Herilis 153 + 120 Soc’tas Parentalis 152 + 80 Specularia 97 + 104 Sphæra cœlestis 127 + 107 Sphæra terrestris 132 + 125 Supplicia Maleficiorum 159 + 63 Sutor 78 + + T. + 112 Temperantia 140 + 9 Terra 13 + 10 Terræ fœtus 14 + 60 Textura 75 + 76 Tonstrina 93 + 59 Tractio Lini 74 + 87 Transitus Aqua’m 106 + 94 Typographia 114 + + V. + 86 Vectura 105 + 85 Vehicula 103 + 53 Venatus 66 + 83 Viator 100 + 81 Vietor 98 + 56 Vindemia 70 + 122 Urbs 144 + + Z. + 57 Zythopœia 71 + + + + + An Index of the Titles. + + Chap. Page. + + A. + 37 _The Seven Ages of Man_ 44 + 6 _The Air_ 10 + 33 _Amphibious Creatures_ 40 + 105 _The Apparitions of the Moon_ 130 + 141 _The Army and the Fight_ 178 + 100 _Arts belonging to Speech_ 121 + 104 _The Aspects of the Planets_ 129 + + B. + 75 _The Bath_ 91 + 76 _The Barbers Shop_ 93 + 28 _Labouring Beasts_ 34 + 30 _Wild Beasts_ 36 + 143 _The Besieging of a City_ 181 + 19 _Birds_ 24 + 22 _Birds that live in the Fields and Woods_ 28 + 23 _Ravenous Birds_ 29 + 21 _Singing Birds_ 27 + 41 _The Chanels and Bones_ 50 + 97 _A Book_ 118 + 96 _The Book-binder_ 117 + 95 _The Book-sellers Shop_ 116 + 70 _The Box-maker_ 86 + 136 _Boys Sports_ 172 + 50 _Bread-baking_ 63 + 57 _Brewing_ 71 + 129 _A Burial_ 165 + 54 _Butchery_ 67 + + C. + 104 _The Celestial Sphere_ 127 + 140 _The Camp_ 177 + 85 _Carriages_ 103 + 86 _Carrying to and fro_ 105 + 64 _The Carpenter_ 79 + 27 _Herd-Cattle_ 33 + 29 _Wild-Cattle_ 35 + 41 _The Chanels and Bones_ 50 + 147 _Christianity_ 187 + 123 _A City_ 154 + 143 _The Besieging of a City_ 181 + 123 _The Inward parts of a City_ 156 + 151 _The Close_ 194 + 8 _The Clouds_ 12 + 119 _The Tree of Consanguinity_ 150 + 56 _Cookery_ 68 + 81 _The Cooper_ 98 + 82 _The Cord-wainer_ 99 + 17 _Corn_ 22 + 32 _Crawling Vermin_ 38 + 33 _Creatures that live as well by water as by land_ 40 + 31 _Creeping things_ 37 + + D. + 44 _Deformed and monstrous People_ 55 + 78 _Dials_ 95 + 134 _Dice-play_ 170 + 111 _Diligence_ 139 + 45 _The Dressing of Gardens_ 56 + + E. + 9 _The Earth_ 13 + 106 _The Eclipses_ 131 + 66 _Engines_ 81 + 108 _Europe_ 134 + + F. + 58 _A Feast_ 72 + 132 _The Fencing-School_ 168 + 5 _Fire_ 8 + 51 _Fishing_ 64 + 34 _River-fish and Pond-fish_ 41 + 35 _Sea-fish and Shell-fish_ 43 + 40 _The Flesh and Bowels_ 49 + 15 _Flowers_ 20 + 25 _Flying Vermin_ 31 + 113 _Fortitude_ 141 + 26 _Four footed Beasts about the House_ 32 + 52 _Fowling_ 65 + 20 _Tame-Fowl_ 25 + 24 _Water-Fowl_ 30 + 10 _The Fruits of the Earth_ 14 + 14 _Fruits of Trees_ 18 + + G. + 89 _A Galley_ 108 + 145 _Gentilism_ 184 + 103 _Geometry_ 126 + 2 _God_ 5 + 149 _God’s Providence_ 191 + 47 _Grasing_ 59 + 49 _Grinding_ 62 + + H. + 39 _The Head and the Hands_ 47 + 16 _Pot-herbs_ 21 + 27 _Herd-Cattle_ 33 + 4 _Heaven_ 7 + 48 _The making of Honey_ 61 + 84 _The Horseman_ 102 + 67 _A House_ 82 + 72 _The parts of a House_ 88 + 115 _Humanity_ 144 + 53 _Hunting_ 66 + 46 _Husbandry_ 58 + + I. + 1 _The Invitation_ 1 + 101 _Musical Instruments_ 123 + 146 _Judaism_ 186 + 124 _Judgment_ 157 + 150 _The last Judgment_ 193 + 116 _Justice_ 145 + + K. + 137 _The Kingdom and Region_ 173 + + L. + 28 _Labouring Beasts_ 34 + 117 _Liberality_ 147 + 19 _Living Creatures_ 24 + 59 _The dressing of Line_ 74 + 61 _Linen Cloaths_ 76 + 80 _Looking-glasses_ 97 + + M. + 148 _Mahometism_ 190 + 138 _Kingly Majesty_ 174 + 36 _Man_ 43 + 37 _The Seven Ages of Man_ 44 + 38 _The outward parts of a Man_ 45 + 65 _The Mason_ 80 + 127 _Measures and Weights_ 162 + 126 _Merchandizing_ 161 + 90 _A Merchant Ship_ 109 + 11 _Metals_ 15 + 68 _A Mine_ 84 + 105 _The Apparitions of the Moon_ 137 + 109 _Moral Philosophy_ 136 + 101 _Musical Inst’ments_ 123 + + P. + 93 _Paper_ 113 + 87 _Passage over Waters_ 106 + 114 _Patience_ 142 + 102 _Philosophy_ 125 + 109 _Moral Philosophy_ 136 + 128 _Physick_ 163 + 79 _The Picture_ 96 + 34 _Pond-fish_ 41 + 16 _Pot-herbs_ 21 + 71 _The Potter_ 87 + 94 _Printing_ 114 + 149 _God’s Providence_ 191 + 110 _Prudence_ 137 + + R. + 135 _Races_ 171 + 23 _Ravenous Birds_ 29 + 144 _Religion_ 183 + 34 _River-fish_ 41 + 82 _The Roper_ 99 + 138 _Regal Majesty_ 174 + + S. + 98 _A School_ 119 + 142 _The Sea-fight_ 180 + 35 _Sea-fish and Shell-fish_ 42 + 42 _The outward and inward Senses_ 52 + 31 _Serpents_ 37 + 91 _Shipwreck_ 111 + 64 _The Shoe-maker_ 78 + 18 _Shrubs_ 23 + 21 _Singing Birds_ 27 + 131 _Sleights_ 167 + 118 _The Society betwixt Man and Wife_ 148 + 120 _The Society betwixt Parents and Children_ 152 + 121 _The Society betwixt Master and Servant_ 153 + 43 _The Soul of Man_ 54 + 139 _The Souldier_ 176 + 69 _The Black-smith_ 85 + 136 _Boys Sports_ 172 + 104 _The Celestial Sphere_ 127 + 107 _The Terrestial Sphere_ 132 + 100 _Arts belonging to Speech_ 121 + 77 _The Stable_ 94 + 130 _A Stage-play_ 166 + 12 _Stones_ 16 + 73 _The Stove with the Bed-room_ 89 + 99 _The Study_ 120 + 88 _Swimming_ 107 + + T. + 62 _The Taylor_ 77 + 112 _Temperance_ 140 + 133 _Tennis play_ 169 + 107 _The Terrestial Sphere_ 132 + 125 _The Torments of Malefactors_ 159 + 83 _The Travellor_ 100 + 13 _A Tree_ 17 + 70 _The Turner_ 86 + + U. + 25 _Flying Vermin_ 31 + 32 _Crawling Vermin_ 38 + 56 _The Vintage_ 70 + + W. + 7 _The Water_ 11 + 60 _Weaving_ 75 + 74 _Wells_ 90 + 29 _Wild Cattle_ 35 + 30 _Wild Beasts_ 36 + 3 _The World_ 6 + 92 _Writing_ 112 + + +Trinuni Deo Gloria. + +FINIS. + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + +Errors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber) + +The Editor’s Preface says: + + “The text for the English translation is from the English edition of + 1727, in which for the first time the English words were so arranged + as to stand opposite their Latin equivalents.” + +The 1659 English translation has the same general layout, but word order +within sentences is often different, as explained in the “Advertisement” +to the 1727 edition. + +In the 1659 edition the _Invitatio_ and _Clausula_ (Close) are +unnumbered, and in the 1727 edition there are two chapters CIV (104). +Chapter numbers 64 through 104 were off by one (printed as 63-103) in +the 1727 Index. + + Chapter Name + 1659 text + 1727 index + 1727 text + Invitation + -- + -- + I (1) + God + I (1) + 2 + II (2) + ... + Shoemaker + LXII (62) + 63 + LXIII (63) + Carpenter + LXIII (63) + 63 + LXIV (64) + ... + Geometry + CII (102) + 102 + CIII (103) + Celestial Sphere + CIII (103) + 103 + CIV (104) + Aspects of the Planets + CIV (104) + 104 + CIV (104) + ... + The Last Judgement + CL (150) + 150 + CL (150) + The Close + -- + -- + CLI (151) + + +Errata: + +Editor’s Preface [1874] + + but what liberties have been taken with the design [with with] + +Comments Upon ... + + the life and manners of the seventeeth century [seventeeth] + + n’est qu’un équivalent de la [equivalent le la] + fort défectueux [defectueux] + pour l’intégrité [integrité] + à la pédagogie [pedagogie] + livre d’école [ecole] + modèle à d’innombrables livres [modèle á d’innomorables] + Histoire d’Éducation [Historie] + +The Translator, to All ... [1727] + + many of the Books of this well-deserving Author [of this of this] + +[Footnote] + + Dr. Tabor’s Christian Schoolmaster [Christain] + the pious Institutions of Youth, &c. [final . missing] + + +Orbis Pictus (Main Text): + +Where appropriate, line breaks are shown as “ / ”. All chapter headers +are shown in the form “II. / God. / Deus.” Notes about uncorrected +errors are given in [[double brackets]]. + +The inconsistent marking of final long â is unchanged. + + The _Wolf_ howleth. / L [[missing lower-case l]] + [XI] _Ducats_ and _Crown-pieces_, 8. / of Gold. + [_Words “of Gold” printed at end of page, after “thorow Metals”._] + [XV] alba & lutea, & cœrulea, 5. [[spelling unchanged]] + [XIX] here the King’s _Fisher_, 1. + [_printed text has “_Fisher_, 1. here the King’s”: + the 1659 text has “here the King’s Fisher” with the word “Fisher” + overflowing onto the preceding line, after “Bird”_] + [XXII] _Upupa_, 4. / sordidissimus [sordidssimus] + [XXIV] Add to these the water-hen, [And to] + XXX. / Wild-Beasts. / Feræ Bestiæ. [Besitæ.] + [XXXI] _Cæcilia_, 6. / est cœca. [[inconsistent spelling unchanged]] + [XXXV] _Raia_, 3. / monstrosissimus [monstrossimus] + [XXXVI] Hi, seducti à _Diabolo_ + [_Printed “seducti _abolo_”; missing text supplied from 1659 + edition._] + [XXXVIII] The _Loyns_ [[17. missing]] + [XLI] (carrying) / _Heart_ and _Life_ / from the _Heat_; + [_Printed as shown, with “Heart” and “Heat” reversed_] + The _Thigh-bone_, 14.; _Tibia_, 14. + [_Text unchanged; 14. in the illustration is the thigh or femur. + 1659 edition is the same_] + [XLIV] ut sunt, immanis _Gigas_ [[1. missing]] + [XLVII] the _Udders_ / of the _Cow_, 15. [[error for 14.]] + [XLIX] In _Mola_, [[1. missing]] + LVII. / Brewing. / Zythopœia. [Zythopie] + [_Spelling changed to agree with Index and 1659 form._] + [LXV] by means of a _Trowel_ [[7. missing]] + [LXVI] _Ærumna_ [[4. missing]] + _Palangâ_ [[1. missing]] + [LXVII] by _Greeses_, 14. [Greess] + per _Scalas_, 14. / & _Cochlidia_, 15. [Cocklidia] + [LXVIII] _Scoriæ_, 11. / abjiciuntur seorsim [scorsim] + [LXXI] _Figulus_, 1. [Figulas] + [LXXII] the _Kitchen_, 3. / _Culina_, 3. + [_Missing Latin line supplied from 1659 edition._] + adservandis illis [adfervandis] + [LXXIV] aut denique / _Antliâ_, 11. [deinque] + [LXXVII] _Stabularius_ (Equiso), 1. [Stabularias] + eâque pascit equum [câque] + LXXVIII. / Dials. / Horologia [LXXVII.] + [[See also note about chapter numbering.]] + [LXXIX] The _Painter_, 2. [Puinter] + [LXXXIII] Non deserat / Viam regiam [[9. missing]] + [LXXXVI] _Horse Litters_, 16, 17. [Liiters] + [XCI] upon the Shoars. [oupn] + [XCVI] beateth with a hammer, 4. [beatheth] + [XCIX] fœtet & fumigat [fugimat] + [C] componit varia / _Carmina_ & _Hymnos_ [componi] + [CIV] ♑ _Capricorn_ [Capricor] [[on English side]] + quorum via est Circulvs [[v for u unchanged]] + CIV. / The Celestial Sphere. / Sphera cælestis. + CIV. / The Aspects of the Planets. / Planetarum Aspectus. + [[Duplicate chapter numbers: see note about chapter numbering.]] + [CX] She proposeth ... _End_, / to her Actions. + Actionibus suis / præfigit _Scopum_ ... + [[Text shown as printed. The first Latin line corresponds to the + last English line.]] + [CXII] _Revellers_ ... babble; _Heluones_ ... rixantur + [[1659 edition has “brabble”, meaning “quarrel” or “brawl”.]] + [CXVI] Talia prohibentur [Talio] + [CXXI] _Laborum Pensa_, 5. quæ [qua] + [CXXXII] with their Eyes covered [coverered] + [CXXXVIII] his _Vice-gerents_ [_text unchanged: rare word_] + [CXLVII] ob voluntariam paupertatem [pauperatem] + +Punctuation + +In chapters CII, CV, CVIIb and CXIX, number pairs were printed with two +to four dots based on available space in the line. For this e-text they +have been regularized to four: “9....9”. + +Punctuation errors were corrected in chapter headings, where readers may +need the exact format for text searches: + + II. / God. / Deus. [God] + XL. / The Flesh and Bowels. / Caro & Viscera. [XL] + XLIX. / Grinding. / Molitura. [Molitura] + LXXII. / The Parts of a House. / Partes Domus. [... Domus] + LXXIX. / The Picture. / Pictura. [LXXIX,] + LXXXV. / Carriages. / Vehicula. [LXXXV] + LXXXVII. / Passing over Waters. / Transitus Aquarum. [... Aquarum] + CXIX. / The Tree of Consanguinity. / Arbor Consanguinitatis. + [... Consanguinity,] + CXXVIII. / Physick. / Ars Medica. [Physick] + +Indexes + +See note on chapter numbering, above. In both Indexes, chapter +references 64-104 were off by one (printed as 63-103) and have been +silently corrected. Only those with additional errors are individually +noted. All page numbers are correct as printed. Minor differences in +spelling and hyphenization are not noted. + +Index: Latin + +The chapter number for _Invitatio_ (1) was missing, and there is no +entry for _Clausula_ (151). + + 58 Convivium [53 for 58] + 67 Domus [96 for expected 66] + 88 Natatus [17 for expected 87; Natats] + 96 Bibliopegus [Bibilopegus] + S. [_letter header missing_] + 104 Sphæra cœlestis + 107 Sphæra terrestris [[both spelled “Sphera” in body text]] + +Index: English + +Chapter numbers for _The Invitation_ (1) and _The Close_ (151) were +missing. + + 22 _Birds that live in the Fields and Woods_ + [[body text has “Birds that haunt the ...”]] + 56 _Cookery_ [55] + 87 _Passage over Waters_ [16 for expected 86] + 100 _Musical Instruments_ [Insruments] + 112 _Temperance_ [182] + 131 _Sleights_ [121] + 136 _Boys Sports_ [126] + 138 _Regal Majesty_ [[Alphabetized as if “Royal”.]] + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Orbis Pictus, by John Amos Comenius + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORBIS PICTUS *** + +***** This file should be named 28299-0.txt or 28299-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/2/9/28299/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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