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diff --git a/28297-8.txt b/28297-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1445405 --- /dev/null +++ b/28297-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1935 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Christian Foundation, May, 1880 + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: The Christian Foundation, May, 1880 + + + +Release Date: March 9, 2009 [Ebook #28297] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHRISTIAN FOUNDATION, MAY, 1880*** + + + + + + The Christian Foundation, + + Or, + + Scientific and Religious Journal + + Vol. 1. No 5. + + May, 1880. + + + + + +CONTENTS + + +The Old Covenant.--The Sabbath--The Law--The Commonwealth Of Israel, And +Christ. +Infidels Live In Doubting Castle. +Infidelity, And The French And American Revolutions In Their Relations To +Thomas Paine. +Shall We Unchain The Tiger? Or, The Fruits Of Infidelity. +The Struggle. +The Records Respecting The Death Of Thomas Paine. +Three Reasons For Repudiating Infidelity. +Col. Ingersoll Is A Philosopher? +Life Of Elder E. Goodwin. + + + + + + +THE OLD COVENANT.--THE SABBATH--THE LAW--THE COMMONWEALTH OF ISRAEL, AND +CHRIST. + + +The original term, rendered "Testament" and "Covenant," occurs +thirty-three times in the New Testament. Greenfield defines it thus: "Any +disposition, arrangement, institution, or dispensation; hence a testament, +will; a covenant, mutual promises on mutual conditions, or promises with +conditions annexed." Secondly, "A body of laws and precepts to which +certain promises are annexed, promises to which are annexed certain laws; +the books in which the divine laws are contained, the Old Testament, and +especially the Pentateuch." Upon a careful examination of these +definitions it will be seen at once that the term "Testament" is a good +translation. This is confirmed, in Paul's letter to the Hebrews, in the +inter-changeable use of the terms "Will," "Covenant" and "Testament." Our +Sabbatarian brethren claim, that the Old Covenant, which was done away, +was the verbal agreement of the Children of Israel to keep the law of the +decalogue. But this definition is not sufficient. It excludes almost all +that was current in its use. It renders it improper to call it a +"Testament" or "Will," because fathers make testaments or wills without +the consent of their children, and these are called dispositions of +estates. Their definition of the term also makes the "Covenant" depend +upon the will of man, for covenants, in the sense of agreements, have +nothing to do with those who do not enter into them. Neither can men be +regarded as transgressing a covenant, in the sense of an agreement, unless +they have first placed themselves under its obligations. So, if these men +are right in their definition of the Old Covenant, they are wrong in +trying to fasten its conditions upon all mankind. Their logic also +excludes, from all the promises of the covenant, all those who were +incapable of making an agreement. Hence, infants were left to the +uncovenanted mercies of God. And as for the wicked, who never agreed to +keep those commandments, poor souls! they must be dealt with as violators +of a contract to which they never became a party. + +These absurdities, which are legitimately drawn from their own premises, +drive us to the conclusion that their whole theory, upon the covenant +question, is wrong. The apostle Paul says we are the children of a +covenant, which he denominates "The free woman." "She is the mother of us +all." But, according to Sabbatarian logic, they are the children of two +covenants, or women. How is this? One good mother is sufficient. When they +tell you that the old covenant, which was done away, was the people's +agreement to keep the ten commandments, remember that they, by their own +showing, set up the same old covenant by agreeing to keep the ten +commandments. So it is done away, and it is not done away. That is, if the +people say, "We will keep and do them," it is established, but if they +say, "We will not," it is abolished. Again, if it was the people's +agreement that was done away, and the ten commandments were the conditions +of that agreement, then they also are of no force, for the conditions of +an agreement are always void when the contract is nullified. Again, if the +Lord had nothing to do in causing the Old Covenant to be done away, how +did it pass away by the action of one party to it? And how can men enter +into it without the concurring assent of the party of the second part? +Accept the Sabbatarian definition of the term covenant, and it +legitimately follows that none were ever in that covenant save those who +held converse with Jehovah, through Moses, saying, "All these things will +we observe and do." It is an old, trite saying, "that it takes two to make +an agreement." And it also takes two to abrogate an agreement. But these +friends of the seventh day say, The people rendered that old covenant void +by their wickedness, that they were at fault, that God never abrogated it, +that He always stood firm in reference to its conditions and promises, +holding the people to its obligations. Then how was it done away? We will +let Zechariah answer this question: "And I took my staff, even Beauty, and +cut it asunder, that I might break my covenant which I had made with all +the people. And it was broken in that day; and so the poor of the flock +that waited upon me knew that it was the word of the Lord. And I said unto +them, If ye think good, give me my price; and if not, forbear. So they +weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. And the Lord said unto me, +Cast it unto the potter: a goodly price that I was prized at of them. And +I took the thirty pieces of silver, and cast them to the potter in the +house of the Lord." + +Judas Iscariot sold his Savior for thirty pieces of silver, cast the money +down at the feet of the priests in the temple; the priests took it and +purchased the potters' field to bury strangers in. And "in that day" the +covenant of God was broken by the Lord. Now, if the Lord broke that old +covenant, it follows that no man enters into it without one more +concurring action upon His part. Upon what mountain has He appeared and +reënacted this covenant? And if it was simply the people's agreement to +keep the ten commandments, how did He make it with all the people of +Israel, seeing many of them were incapable of entering into an agreement? +The truth is this, the Lord made a covenant in the sense of a "Testament" +or institution. This sense alone admits of the irresponsible in its +provisions. In the argument from analogy, drawn from the introduction of +the New Testament, our position is confirmed. The Savior's death gave +force to this testament or will, without any concurring action upon the +part of any man or number of men. And it is a covenant in the sense in +which Greenfield defines the term, that is, in the sense of a testament, +or will. This also admits of covenanted or bequeathed blessings for all +the incapable. + +The Sabbatarian view of the term covenant, if applied to the "New +Covenant," cuts off all who do not enter into this "contract." But there +is no reason in calling either testament a "contract." An earthly father +may incorporate, among other things, conditions, in his testament, or +will, and it is in force, by his death, even though his children find +fault with it. So it mattered not whether any man in ancient Israel was +satisfied with that ancient "testament." But the Bible nowhere limits the +term covenant to the people's agreement to keep the decalogue. On the +contrary, it is said, "And He declared unto you His covenant, which He +commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and He wrote them upon +two tables of stone." Deut. iv, 13. These commandments were AFTER THE +TENOR of all that was given by Moses, as we learn in the thirty-fourth +chapter of Exodus. After Moses had given many precepts, the Lord said, +"Write thou these words; for after the tenor of these words I have made a +covenant with thee and with Israel. And he wrote upon the tables the words +of the covenant, the ten commandments." This covenant, or testament, like +all other institutions which the Lord established with the children of +men, is accompanied with reasons for its existence, and all the laws and +instructions necessary to carry out its principles. The reasons were +placed upon the tables of stone along with the commandments. When +Sabbatarians hang up their copy of those tables, it is always a mutilated, +partial copy. The whole is given to us in the fifth chapter of +Deuteronomy. No Seventh-day Adventist dare exhibit the full copy before +his audience, unless he does it at the peril of his teaching. Here it is: +"I am the Lord thy God which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from +the house of bondage. Thou shalt have none other Gods before me. Thou +shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of anything that is +in heaven above, or that is in earth beneath, or that is in the waters +beneath the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them nor serve +them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquities of +the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them +that hate me, and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and +keep my commandments. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in +vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in +vain. Keep the Sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord thy God hath +commanded thee. Six days thou shalt labor and do all thy work, but the +seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do +any work, thou nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy +maid-servant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy +stranger that is within thy gates; that thy man-servant and maid-servant +may rest as well as thou. And remember that thou wast a servant in the +land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence through a +mighty hand and by a stretched out arm, therefore the Lord thy God +commanded thee to keep the Sabbath day. Honor thy father and thy mother as +the Lord thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and +that it may go well with thee in the land which the Lord thy God giveth +thee. Thou shalt not kill. Neither shalt thou commit adultery. Neither +shalt thou steal. Neither shalt thou bear false-witness against thy +neighbor. Neither shalt thou desire thy neighbor's wife. Neither shalt +thou covet thy neighbor's house, his field, or his man-servant, or +maid-servant, his ox, or his ass, or anything that is thy neighbor's. +These words the Lord spake unto all your assembly, in the mount out of the +midst of the fire, of the cloud and of the thick darkness, with a great +voice; and he added no more, and he wrote them upon two tables of stone, +and delivered them unto you." + +Thus we have a _fac simile_ of the law upon the tables of stone. The terms +employed in this law limit it to the Jewish people, a people who were +servants in Egypt. This was the "testament," "institution," or "covenant" +given at Sinai, and it was after the _tenor_ of all the rest that was +given. It is worthy of notice, that there is not a penalty in all that was +written upon those tables. And yet there were terrible penalties inflicted +for a violation of its precepts. How is this? Was it all there was of +God's law? If so, where shall we go to find its penalties? This covenant +is spoken of in Galatians, the fourth chapter. It is called "the bond +woman," that was cast out. In the third chapter of Corinthians it is +termed "the ministration of condemnation," and "the ministration of death +written and engraven in stones, which was done away." Which Zechariah said +was broken by the Lord in the day of the terrible tragedy of the cross of +Christ. + +The multiplicity of passages in the New Testament bearing upon this great +fact, causes our legalists in religion to shift about most wonderfully. At +one time, the people's agreement to keep the law was the covenant that was +done away. At another, it was the act of executing the penalty of death +that was set aside. At another, it was the glory of Moses' face that was +done away. And at another, it was none of all these, but it was the +ceremonial law of Moses that was done away. + +All these positions were taken by one man, in one discussion with the +writer of these lines. All such turns are cheap; it requires no great +wisdom to accommodate yourself in this manner to the force of +circumstances. The fact that the "first covenant" was a "testament," or a +body of laws with certain promises annexed, as well as penalties, is +evident from Paul's statement in the ninth chapter of his letter to the +Hebrews. He says, "Then verily the first covenant had also ordinances of +divine service, and a worldly sanctuary, for there was a tabernacle made; +the first wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the show-bread; +which is called the sanctuary." The distinction which our friends make +between "Moses' law" and "God's law," as they are pleased to express it, +is not only unscriptural, the two phrases being inter-changeable, but also +_absurd_. Moses gave all, that these men are pleased to term his law, in +the name of the Lord. The law of the passover, found in the twelfth +chapter of Exodus, is prefaced with these words: "And the Lord God said +unto Moses." In the twenty-fifth chapter of the same book we have the laws +concerning the ark, the tabernacle, the priestly service, and all are +introduced with this saying: "And the Lord spake unto Moses." Moses never +gave a law in his own name. Neither did he give one of his own in the name +of the Lord, because it would have cost him his life. The Lord had guarded +this point in the following: "But the prophet which presumes to speak a +word in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or that shall +speak in the name of other gods, even that prophet shall die." Now one of +two things is evident: first, all the laws that Moses gave in the name of +the Lord were His; or, secondly, Moses violated the law governing the +prophet. And if the record is false on this account, how can we trust it +in other respects? It is as easy to turn God out of all the pentateuch, +and put Moses into it, as to maintain the proposition that Moses had a law +of his own. Sabbatarians act the part of the unbeliever in getting the +Lord out of the law that was done away, and Moses into it. All that is +accredited to the Lord was His, otherwise the record is untrustworthy. If +our friend's position is true, it follows that Moses is the sole author of +the sacrificial system of blood, without which there was no remission, and +thus the ancient remedial scheme falls, being without divine sanction. But +the Lord claims all that our friends hand over to Moses. The following +phrases are uttered with reference to the priests and other things: "My +priest," "My sacrifice," "Mine altar," "Mine offering," 1st Samuel, ii, +27-29; "The Lord's pass-over," Exodus, xii, 11; "The feasts of the Lord," +Lev. xxiii; "My sanctuary and my Sabbaths," Ezekiel, xxiii, 38. The manner +in which Sabbatarians emphasize the phrase "My Sabbath," and "My holy +day," is well calculated to mislead the unsuspecting, but those who are +schooled in biblical literature will regard it as mere _rant_, _cheap +theology_, _mere display_! All that Moses gave, as law, was from the Lord, +_was His_. "The Lord came down upon Sinai, and spake to them from heaven, +and gave them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and +commandments, and made known to them His holy Sabbath, and commanded +precepts, statutes and laws, by the hand of His servant Moses." Nehemiah, +ix, 13, 14. + +The seventh-day Sabbath was not given to the Gentile world. It would +require just as plain and positive legislation to bind it upon us as it +did to establish it in Israel. It was a sign between God and the Hebrews. +Ezek. xxxi, 13-18. "Moreover, also, I gave them my Sabbaths, to be a sign +between me and them, that they might know that I am Jehovah that doth +sanctify them." If there are any Gentile Christians upon the earth who +think it is essential to know that it was the Lord that sanctified the +children of Israel, set them apart from the surrounding nations, I would +say to such, It is sufficient to your salvation that you know the Lord, as +manifested in the flesh in the person of Christ Jesus, and that you love +and obey him. I can not see that the seventh-day Sabbath, as a sign upon a +Gentile, would tell the truth, for the Lord never sanctified the Gentiles +in the sense of setting them apart from the surrounding nations. Again, if +our friends could succeed in making it universal, it would _cease to be a +sign_. It was a national badge, or sign, between God and the Hebrews. Its +object was to keep in their memory that which was true of them _alone_. +"Remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord +thy God brought thee out thence with a mighty hand and a stretched out +arm, therefore the Lord thy God hath commanded thee to keep the Sabbath +day." Deut. v. Can any Gentile obey this instruction? It is impossible! +Moses said, "Behold I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the +Lord my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go +to possess it. Keep, therefore, and do them, for this is your wisdom and +your understanding, in the sight of the nations which shall hear all these +statutes and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding +people. For what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and +judgments so righteous as all this law which I set before you this day." +Deut. iv, 5. The authority and glory of Christ forbid all such Judaizing +as that which we speak against. "He was given of God to be head over all +things to the church." "And He is head of all principality and power." The +Father put all things under Him. The prophet Isaiah said, "He shall not +fail, nor be discouraged till He hath set judgment in the earth, and the +isles shall wait for His law." Ch. xlii, 4. And Paul said, "Bear ye one +another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ." Gal. vi, 2. + +The object of law is to regulate the exemplification of principles. Some +principle is exemplified in every act that man performs. And one principle +may be in a great variety of acts. The principle of hatred is exemplified +in a great many different actions; and the principle of love to God is +manifested, or exemplified, in every act of obedience to God. So the +spiritual may be brought out under different dispensations, and by +different laws, while it remains always the same. Indeed, principles are +unchangeable; they belong to the nature of things. Covenants, priesthoods, +dispensations and laws have changed, but principles, _never_. So the moral +objective of every law is the same, viz., to bring out and develop the +spiritual in man. To accomplish this great end it is necessary that the +evil principles of a carnal, or fleshly nature, should be restrained by +the penal sanctions of law, and the principles of man's higher nature +brought out by its motives of good. Such being the nature of principles, +and the facts of law, Paul says, "We know that the law is spiritual." And +again, "The law is fulfilled in us who walk not after the flesh, but after +the Spirit." "Do we then make void law through faith? God forbid; yea, we +establish law." + +I have left the article out of this text because it is not in the +original. B. Wilson translates the verse in these words: "Do we then +nullify law through the FAITH. By no means; but we establish law." The +negative use of law is to restrain the evil; and the affirmative is to +bring out the good, the spiritual. So, without any interference with _the +spiritual_ of any law that ever was, either divine or human, we have a +better covenant, or testament, than the old testament; one that is +established upon better promises, which contains "A new and living way +into the Holiest," which Paul says, "Is heaven itself." This new way was +consecrated through the flesh of Christ. The rule of life in this way is +the "Law of Christ." It is a better law, for us, because its precepts are +not limited to our neighbor. The following is a part, at least, of the +contrast: + +THE DECALOGUE GIVEN TO ISRAEL. + +"Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy _neighbor_. Neither +shalt thou desire thy _neighbor's_ wife. Neither shalt thou covet thy +_neighbor's_ house, his field, or his man-servant, or his maid-servant, +his ox or his ass, or anything that is thy _neighbor's_. Thou shalt not +commit adultery. Thou shalt not kill." + +THE LAW OF CHRIST BOUND UPON THE WORLD. + +"Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer. But I say unto you, love your +enemies. If thou mayest be made free use it rather. Be ye not the servants +of men. Thou shalt not bear false witness. Thou shalt not covet. Whosoever +looketh upon a woman and lusteth after her hath committed adultery already +in his heart." + +I have presented a sufficient amount of each law to show you a part of the +great contrast which exists on account of the ancient law being given to a +people set apart from all the surrounding nations by a legal wall +interfering with them in their social walks in life. That law was +sufficient for all practical purposes among the Jews. But, since that +"Middle wall of partition" has been taken down, it is utterly useless to +talk about a law limited to your neighbor being any longer worthy of God, +or a perfect rule for man's conduct in his associations with all men. +Indeed, it never was a law regulating a man's conduct with all men. The +middle wall was taken out of the way, and Jews and Gentiles have shook +hands in Christian fellowship under the new institution. Let us see how +this was brought about. When the law brings about a separation, nothing +short of law can undo it, and bring about the union of the parties +separated. But, as authority, that controls law, is alone competent to +remove legal results, we must look for this, as a matter of necessity, +lying at the foundation of the new institution. It is just there that we +find it in these words: "All authority is given unto me in heaven and in +earth. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name +of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to +observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you." The result of +obedience to this law of Christ is expressed in these words: "But now, in +Christ Jesus, ye who sometime were far off are made nigh by the blood of +Christ. For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down +the middle wall of partition between us, having abolished in his flesh the +enmity; even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make +in himself of twain one new man, so making peace." Eph. ii, 13-15. The God +of Abraham said unto Rebecca, "Two nations are in thy womb." Gen. xxv, 23. +This language had its fulfillment in the decendants of Jacob and Esau. The +political history of the children of Jacob begins at Sinai with their +beginning as a nation among the surrounding nations. The law given at +Sinai was a political law, for it was addressed to a community, pertained +to a community, and was accepted by a community. + +Such is a political law in the strictest sense of the term. This law was +given to the Jews, the decendants of Jacob. Moses said, "The Lord our God +made a covenant with us in Horeb. The Lord made not this covenant with our +fathers, but with us, even us, who are all of us here alive this day." +Horeb is a synonymous with Sinai, and means, properly, ground left dry by +water draining off. So, Horeb and Sinai occur in the narrative of the same +event. The children of Jacob are known as a commonwealth, from the giving +of the law onward until their overthrow by the Romans. Paul, speaking of +the Gentiles, in past times, says "They were aliens to the commonwealth of +Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise." The Jews called them +"dogs." This great enmity had its origin in the two-fold consideration of +the Jew being favored in a temporal and political point of view, and the +pride of his heart, which exalted him in his own imagination above even +his moral superiors. This corruption of the heart, with the liability of +its return, being removed by the abrogation of all that was peculiar to +the Jews and their conversion to Christ, Paul says, "That all are one in +Christ." Christ was the bond of union, all were joined to him. But the +same authority that separated them by legislation must legislate with +reference to this grand change that was to take place between these +decendants of Jacob and Esau. The law of commandments separating the Jews +limited them in moral duties to their neighbors. It was unlawful for them +to go in unto one of another nation. It limited them in trade and traffic +to their own countrymen; also limited them to their own people in +matrimonial relations. So God must be heard again, I say, _heard!_ for He +was heard at the giving of the law, which is now to be taken out of the +way. When Jesus took Peter, James and John up in a high mountain and was +transfigured before them, Moses and Elias, the great representatives of +the Patriarchial and Jewish dispensations, appeared unto them and "a +bright cloud overshadowed them, and behold a voice out of the cloud, which +said, This is my well-beloved Son in whom I am well pleased, HEAR YE HIM." +Math. xvii, 5. Here is the authority that gave the institution peculiar to +the Jews legislating with reference to Him whose doings were to end that +system of things, and lead all into "a new and living way." Paul says: +"God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto +the fathers by the prophets, hath in these last days spoken unto us by His +Son." So Christ took away the first will and established the second. See +Heb. x, 9. Paul says: "As ye have received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk +ye in Him." This relation of duty to the reception of Christ has direct +reference to the character in which we receive him. He was given to +_rule_, to exercise _Lordship_. He is Lord of all. The term Lord signifies +"ruler by right of possession." If He is not Lord of all there is an +abundance of false testimony upon this one subject, and Christianity is +diseased in the head. And if he is Lord of all, then we should leave that +old mountain that shook and burned with fire, and all the political +paraphernalia of Sinai, and consider ourselves complete in Christ, who is +"_Emanuel_, God with us." If any man does this he is not troubled with the +old "bond woman." Jehovah said of Christ: "I have given Him for a covenant +of the people, for a light of the Gentiles." Isaiah xlii, 2. New duties +appear before us in the New Testament, with new obligations lying at their +foundation. Jesus said: "If I had not come and spoken unto them, they had +not had sin, but now they have no cloak for their sins." Again: "If I had +not done among them the works which none other man did, they had not had +sin; but now have they both seen and hated both Me and my Father." John +xv, 22-24. + +Justification turns no longer upon the ancient law, and the sacrificial +and typical system of blood is no longer the means of pardon. The law +contained a shadow of good things to come, but the body was of Christ. He +that believeth on Him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is +condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only +begotten Son of God. And this is the condemnation, that light is come into +the world, and men love darkness rather than light because their deeds are +evil. Everything turns in this dispensation upon Christ and his Law. Jesus +told his disciples to teach their converts to observe all things which He +had commanded them to teach, and they filled their mission. Paul said, He +"shunned not to declare the whole counsel of God," "kept back nothing." +With reference to law, he said, "If any man think himself to be a prophet, +or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things I write are the +commandments of the Lord." For the glory of Christ, as his just meed of +praise, it was written, "Whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the +name of the Lord Jesus." "Christ is the end of the Law for righteousness +to every one that believeth." In this major proposition the minor, of the +seventh-day Sabbath, is involved. The Lord said of Israel, "I will also +cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her +Sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts." Hosea, ii, 11. No man is threatened, +by Christ or any of his apostles, on account of Sabbath-breaking, or any +of those things which are peculiar to the Jews. But men are threatened for +disobedience to the Gospel of Christ. The New Testament is of Christ. Its +religion is not "the Jews' religion," but Christ's. There was much in the +Old Testament that is in the New, but it is there by the authority of +Christ. Hence, we are "complete in Him who is the head of all principality +and power." Much in the laws of the United States was first in the laws of +England, but we do nothing with reference to English authority. So it is +with us, as respects all who went before Christ, we do nothing in +reference to them, but do all in reference to Christ, and for His name. +The Old Kingdom of Israel, with its political law, statutes and judgments, +has passed away, and Christ reigns "_all in all_." To Him "be glory and +majesty, dominion and power, both now and ever." Jude, xxv. + + + + + +INFIDELS LIVE IN DOUBTING CASTLE. + + +Having shown that no man in his senses can be an atheist, unless he assume +that he comprehends the universe in his mind, with all its abstract +essences and principles, which assumption would be to make himself +omnipresent and eternal, a god in fact; and having seen that the +proposition of the divine existence and perfections is demonstrable from +the universe, as far as it is known in all its general laws and in all its +parts, we proceed from these prefatory considerations to other matters +still more intimately introductory to our design. + +It is essentially preliminary to a clear and forcible display of the +reasonableness and certainty of our faith in Jesus Christ as the author of +immortality to man, that we ascertain the proper ground on which the +modern skeptic, of whatever creed, stands when he avows his opposition to +the gospel. That we may duly estimate the strength of his opposition, we +must not only enumerate his objections or arguments, but we must exactly +ascertain the exact position which he occupies. Does he stand within a +fortified castle, or in the open field? Presents he himself to our view in +a stronghold, well garrisoned with the invincible forces of logic, of +science, and of fact? or defies he armies and the artillery of light, +relying wholly upon himself, his own experience, without a shield, without +an ally, without science, without history, and consequently a single fact +to oppose? + +That we may, then, truly and certainly ascertain his precise attitude, +before we directly address him, we shall accurately survey his whole +premises. Does he say that he _knows_ the gospel to be false? No, he can +not; for he was not in Judea in the days of the evangelical drama. He, +therefore, could not test the miracles, or sensible demonstrations, by any +of his senses; nor prove to himself that Jesus rose not from the dead. +Speaking in accordance with the evidence of sense, of consciousness, and +of experience, he can not say that he _knows_ the gospel to be a cunningly +devised fable. He has not, then, in all his premises _knowledge_, in its +true and proper meaning, to oppose to the Christian's faith or hope. What +remains? + +Can he say, in truth, that he _believes_ the gospel to be false? He can +not; because belief without testimony is impossible; and testimony that +the gospel facts did not occur is not found extant on earth in any +language or nation under heaven. No contemporaneous opposing testimony has +ever been heard of, except in one instance, the sleeping and incredible +testimony of the Roman guard, which has a lie stamped indelibly on its +forehead: "His disciples stole his dead body while we were asleep." He +that can believe this is not to be reasoned with. We repeat it with +emphasis, that no living man can say, according to the English Dictionary, +that he _believes_ the gospel to be false. + +Alike destitute of knowledge and of faith to oppose to the testimony of +apostles, prophets, and myriads of contemporaneous witnesses, what has the +skeptic to present against the numerous and diversified evidences of the +gospel? Nothing in the universe but his _doubts_. He can, in strict +conformity to language and fact, only say, he doubts whether it be true. +He is, then, legitimately no more than an inmate of Doubting Castle. His +fortification is built up of doubts and misgivings, cemented by antipathy. +Farther than this the powers of nature and of reason can not go. + +How far these doubts are rational, scientific, and modest, may yet appear +in the sequel; meanwhile, we only survey the premises which the infidel +occupies, and the forces he has to bring into the action. These, may we +not say, are already logically ascertained to be an army of doubts only. + +Some talk of the immodesty, others of the folly, others of the +maliciousness of the unbeliever; but not to deal in harsh or uncourteous +epithets, may we not say, that it is most unphilosophic to dogmatize +against the gospel on the slender grounds of sheer dubiety. No man, +deserving the name of a _philosopher_, can ever appear among the crusading +forces of pamphleteers and declaimers against the faith of Christians, for +two of the best reasons in the world; he has nothing better to substitute +for the motives, the restraining fears to the wicked, and the animating +hopes to the righteous, which the gospel tenders; and he has nothing to +oppose to its claims but the weakness and uncertainty of his doubts. +Franklin was a philosopher, but Paine was a madman. The former doubted, +but never dogmatized--never opposed the gospel, but always discountenanced +and discouraged the infidel; the latter gave to his doubts the authority +of oracles, and madly attempted to silence the Christian's artillery by +the licentious scoffings of the most extravagant and unreasonable +skepticism. + +Modesty is the legitimate daughter of true philosophy; but dogmatism, +unless the offspring of infallible authority, is the ill-bred child of +ignorance and arrogance. Every man, then, who seeks to make proselytes to +his skepticism by converting his doubts into arguments, is anything but a +philosopher or a philanthropist. + +One of the most alarming signs of this age is the ignorance and +recklessness of the youthful assailants of the Bible. Our cities, villages +and public places of resort are thronged with swarms of these Lilliputian +volunteers in the cause of skepticism. Apprenticed striplings, and sprigs +of law and physic, whose whole reading of standard authors on general +science, religion, or morality, in ordinary duodecimo, equals not the +years of their unfinished, or just completed minority, imagine that they +have got far in advance of the vulgar herd, and are both philosophers and +gentlemen if they have learned at second hand, a few scoffs and sneers at +the Bible, from Paine, Voltaire, Bolingbroke, or Hume. One would think, +could he listen to their impudence, that Bacon, Newton, Locke, and all the +great masters of science, were very pigmies, and that they themselves were +sturdy giants of extraordinary stature in all that is intellectual, +philosophic and learned. These would-be baby demagogues are a public +nuisance to society, whose atheistic breath not unfrequently pollutes the +whole atmosphere around them, and issues in a moral pestilence among that +class who regard a fine hat and a cigar as the infallible criteria of a +gentleman and scholar. + +These creatures have not sense enough to doubt, nor to think sedately on +any subject; and therefore, we only notice them while defining the ground +occupied by the unbelievers of this generation. They prudently call +themselves skeptics, but imprudently carry their opposition to the Bible, +beyond all the bounds embraced in their own definitions of skepticism. A +skeptic can only _doubt_, never _oppugn_ the gospel. He becomes an +atheist, or an infidel, bold and dogmatic, as soon as he opens his mouth +against the Bible. + +Were we philosophically to class society as it now exists in this country +in reference to the gospel, we should have believers, unbelievers, and +skeptics. We would find some who have voluntarily received the apostolic +testimony as true; others who have rejected it as false; and a third class +who simply doubt, and neither receive nor reject it as a communication +from heaven. But, though, unbelievers, while they call themselves +skeptics, often wage actual war against the faith and hope of Christians, +still their actual rejection of the gospel has no other foundation than +pure aversion to its restraints and some doubts as to its authenticity. +The quagmire of their own doubts, be it distinctly remembered, is the sole +ground occupied by all the opponents of the gospel, whether they style +themselves antitheists, atheists, theists, unbelievers, or +skeptics.--_Alexander Campbell, in 1835._ + + + + + +INFIDELITY, AND THE FRENCH AND AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS IN THEIR RELATIONS TO +THOMAS PAINE. + + +Infidels can not free themselves from the bands which tie the universe to +its God. Every effort has been fruitless. Not one writer among all their +hosts has been lucky enough to avoid the use of Christian terms that are +in direct antagonism with their speculation and positions. It will be +interesting to review, occasionally, their literature. + +Speaking of Thomas Paine, Mr. Ingersoll says: "Every American with the +DIVINE mantle of charity, should cover all his faults." What use has Col. +Ingersoll or any other infidel for the word DIVINE? The term is thus +defined: Pertaining to the true God; (from the Latin DIVINUS; from DEUS, a +god) proceeding from God; appropriated to God; or celebrating His praise; +excellent in the supreme degree; apparently above what is human; godlike; +heavenly; holy; sacred; spiritual. As a noun: one versed in divine things +or divinity; a theologian; a minister of the gospel; a priest; a +clergyman. _Zell's Encyclopedia._ + +Again, Mr. Ingersoll says, "Upon the head of his father, GOD had never +poured the DIVINE petroleum of _authority_." So much the better for the +race. What would infidels do if they had the authority? "Hume is called a +model man, a man as nearly perfect as the nature of human frailty will +permit." He maintained that pleasure or profit is the test of morals; that +"the lack of honesty is of a piece with the lack of strength of body;" +that "suicide is lawful and commendable;" that "female infidelity, when +known, is a small thing; when unknown, nothing;" "that adultery must be +practiced if men would obtain all the advantages of this life; and that if +generally practiced it would, in time, cease to be scandalous, and if +practiced frequently and secretly would come to be thought no crime at +all." + +Lord Herbert taught that the "indulgence of lust and anger is no more to +be blamed than thirst or drowsiness." + +Voltaire contended "for the unlimited gratification of the sexual +appetites, and was a sensualist of the lowest type; nevertheless he had +the amazing good sense to wish that he had never been born." + +Rousseau was, by his confession, a habitual liar and thief, and debauchee; +a man so utterly vile that he took advantage of the hospitality of friends +to plot their domestic ruin; a man so destitute of natural affection that +he committed his BASE-BORN children to the charity of the public. To use +his own language, "guilty without remorse, he soon become so without +measure." + +Thomas Paine was, according to the verdict of history, "addicted to +intemperance in his last years, given to violence and abusiveness, had +disreputable associates, lived with a woman who was not his wife, and left +to her whatever remnant of fortune he had." + +What would such godless infidels give us if the Almighty God should "pour +the petroleum of authority upon their heads?" But, in all candor, what use +has Col. Ingersoll for the _idea of authority coming from God_? Can't he +keep in his own ruts. "The DIVINE petroleum of authority was never poured +upon the head of _Thomas Paine's father_." Well, so much the better for +the reputation of God. But why does Mr. Ingersoll use the term God, and +have so much to say of Him? Let us hear him. He says, whoever is a friend +of man is also a friend of God--if there is one. Yes! "IS THERE IS ONE." +This reminds me of an old infidel who was struggling with the cramp colic, +and just as a minister was approaching his bedside he turned himself over +in the bed and said, O Lord, if there is any Lord, save my soul, if I've +got any soul. The minister walked out. What is the condition of those +minds which modify their declarations with the saying "if there is any +Lord," "if there is one," "if I've got any soul." How much more manly is +it to own the great universal and instinctive or inate truth, that there +is a Master, God, or great first Living Intelligence, and cease acting +foolishly. + +Once more, the colonel, speaking of Thomas Paine's work, says, "He was +with the army. He shared its defeats, its dangers, and its glory. When the +situation became desperate, when gloom settled upon all, he gave them the +'Crisis.' It was a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, leading the +way to freedom, honor and glory." What use has the colonel for such +language? From whence did it come? Is he sitting upon the bones of Moses +and making grimaces at the old prophet while he is adopting his sentences? +Infidels blaspheme the name of Moses, and abuse his hyperboles and his +facts as well, and, at the same time, go to his quiver to get their very +best arrows. + +"At the close of the Revolution no one stood higher in America than Thomas +Paine."--_Ingersoll._ + +"At that time the seeds sown by the great infidels were beginning to bear +fruit in France."--_Ingersoll._ + +_Well, well._ To what "mount" have we come at last? Paine sailed to France +in 1787. "He was elected to represent the Department of Calais in the +National Convention, and took his seat in that radical assembly in 1792." +At this time Col. Ingersoll's church had everything its own way in France. +There was no God to respect or devil to fear. "Free thought" ruled--its +reign was a reign of night. The goddess of reason was the "twin sister of +the Spanish Inquisition." The soldiers were in power, and great hearts +were made to bleed. Three hundred and sixty-six men in the National +Convention voted for the death of the king. Three hundred and fifty-five +voted against his execution. It is true that Tom Paine was one of the +three hundred and fifty-five. A year after the king's execution Tom was +put into prison, and remained there nearly two years. When he was released +he wrote the second part of the Age of Reason, and in 1802 he came back to +America. What he did for American liberty was done while he was a Quaker, +and before he wrote his detestable works against the Bible. Let some bold +infidel produce just one noble public act that Paine did for our country +after he avowed himself an infidel. _Will it be done?_ + +The leaders of the French revolution were the disciples of Rousseau, +Voltaire and Diderot. They were atheists, or infidels. Tom Paine was one +of their number, participated in their deliberations, helped to get up the +constitution they enacted. What they did is what the infidels of the +United States wish to have done. They wiped out Christianity by vote, and +forbade the utterance of the name of God to their children. They abolished +the Lord's day, and made the week to consist of _ten_ instead of seven +days. They took the bells from the churches and cast them into cannons. +Chaumette, a leader in the convention, came before the president "leading +a courtesan with a troop of her associates." He lifted her veil, and said, +"Mortals! recognize no other divinity than Reason, of which I present to +you the loveliest and purest personification." The president bowed and +rendered devout adoration. The same scene was reënacted in the cathedral +of Notre Dame, with increased outrages upon God and common-sense. Wrong +was reputed right, and the distinction between vice and virtue was +banished. + +From this time, and onward, the test of attachment to the government was +contempt for religion and decency. Those suspected of disloyalty were +gathered; one thousand and five hundred women and children were shut up in +one prison, without fire, bed, cover, or provisions, for two days. Men +escaped by giving up their fortunes, and women escaped by parting with +their virtue. + +Seventeen thousand perished in Paris during this reign of infidel terror. +This ungodly abrogation of religion in France cost the nation three +million of lives--_think of it!_ France's most dark and damning record was +the fruit of the tenets of the men that Col. Ingersoll lauds to the +heavens. They were the fruits of the labors of the men with whom Tom Paine +sat, and believed, and voted. "His faith was their faith." + +"It was the Quaker Paine who worked for our independence, and not the +infidel Paine. He did nothing in the interests of our national liberty +after he avowed his irreligious principles." Neither was he the first to +raise the voice in favor of national liberty. Ten years before he wrote +his work entitled "Common Sense," at the suggestion of Franklin and Dr. +Benjamin Rush, which was in 1776, Patrick Henry's voice was heard amid the +assembled colonists in Virginia. He said: "Cæsar had his Brutus, Charles +I. his Cromwell, and George III.--" Just then some one cried out, +"Treason!" After a pause, Henry added,--"may profit by their example." +Years before Tom Paine came to America, even in 1748, it went to record +that American legislatures were tending to independence. "They were +charged with presumption in declaring their own rights and privileges." +Our independence was predicted near at hand from 1758 and onwards. In +1774, before Paine came from England, the word freedom was ringing out +upon the air. "James Otis was hailing the dawn of a new empire" in 1765. +In this year there were utterances of such sentiments as tended to evolve +the declaration of 1776, and these were heard all over the land from +Boston to Charleston, S. C. In 1773 "Samuel Adams insisted that the +colonies should have a congress to frame a bill of rights, or to form an +independent state, an American commonwealth." The North Carolinians +renounced their allegiance to the king of England in the Mecklenberg +declaration, which was made in May, 1775. But Paine's little book, +suggested by Dr. Benjamin Rush and Franklin, and called "Common Sense," +was published in 1776. Hildreth, writing of the year 1802, says that +"Paine, instead of being esteemed as formerly, as a lover of liberty, +whose pen has contributed to hasten the Declaration of Independence, was +now detested by large numbers as the libeler of Washington." In 1795 the +_Aurora_ put out the following language, which seems to be that to which +Hildreth alludes: "If ever a nation was debauched by a man, the American +nation was debauched by Washington; if ever a nation was deceived by a +man, the American nation has been deceived by Washington. Let the history +of the federal government instruct mankind, that the mask of patriotism +may be worn to conceal the foulest designs against the liberties of the +people." This, gentle reader, was from the pen of the man whom Mr. +Ingersoll would immortalize if he could. + +William Carver addressed a private letter to Thomas Paine, dated Dec. 2, +1806, and published in the New York _Observer_ Nov. 1, 1877, in which we +have the following revelations: "A respectable gentleman from New Rochelle +called to see me a few days back, and said that every body was tired of +you there and that no one would undertake to board and lodge you. I +thought this was the case, as I found you at a tavern in a most miserable +situation. You appeared as if you had not been shaved for a fortnight, and +as to a shirt, it could not be said that you had one on, it was only the +remains of one, and this likewise appeared not to have been off your back +for a fortnight, and was nearly the color of tanned leather; and you had +the most disagreeable smell possible, just like that of our poor beggars +in England. Do you remember the pains I took to clean you? That I got a +tub of warm water and soap, and washed you from head to foot, and this I +had to do three times before I could get you clean? You say also that you +found your own liquors during the time you boarded with me, but you should +have said, 'I found only a small part of the liquor I drank during my stay +with you; this part I purchased of John Fellows, which was a demijohn of +brandy containing four gallons, and this did not serve me three weeks.' +This can be proved, and I mean not to say anything I can not prove, for I +hold this as a precious jewel. It is a well-known fact that you drank one +quart of brandy per day, at my expense, during the different times that +you have boarded with me, the demijohn alone mentioned excepted, and the +last fourteen weeks you were sick. Is not this a supply of liquor for +dinner and supper? Now sir, I think I have drawn a complete portrait of +your character, yet, to enter upon every minutia, would be to give a +history of your life, and to develop the fallacious mask of hypocrisy and +deception under which you have acted in your political, as well as moral, +capacity of life." So much for the apostate Quaker's character after the +close of the American revolution. + +Mr. Lecky, an infidel, says, "It was reserved for Christianity to present +to the world an ideal character, which through all the changes of eighteen +centuries has filled the hearts of men with an impassioned love, and has +shown itself capable of acting on all ages, nations, temperaments, and +conditions; has not only been the highest pattern of virtue, but the +highest incentive of practice: amid all the sins and failing; amid all the +priestcraft, the persecution and fanaticism which have defaced the church, +it has preserved IN THE CHARACTER OF ITS FOUNDER AN ENDURING PRINCIPLE OF +REGENERATION." If such be the fountain let the stream continue to flow. + + + + + +SHALL WE UNCHAIN THE TIGER? OR, THE FRUITS OF INFIDELITY. + + + By Eld. A. I. Maynard. + + +An infidel production was submitted to Benjamin Franklin manuscript; he +returned it to the author with a letter, from which the following +quotations are extracted: "I would advise you not to attempt unchaining +the Tiger, but to burn this piece before it is seen by any other +person.... If men are so wicked with religion, what would they be without +it?" He informs us that he was "an advocate of infidelity in his early +youth, a confirmed Deist." He says his "arguments perverted some other +young persons, particularly Collins and Ralph, and when he recollected +that they both treated him exceedingly ill without the least remorse, and +also remembered the behavior of Keith, another 'Freethinker,' and his own +conduct toward Vernon and a Miss Reed, which at times gave him great +uneasiness, he was led to suspect that his theory, if true, was not very +useful." + +Youth and inexperience have been the secret of many young persons being +led astray, like Franklin, by infidel speculations; but age and +observation have convinced many of them that all infidel speculations are +empty and worthless. Look at the history of infidelity in France and +Scotland, and then look at liberalism in America, with Col. Ingersoll +leading the van. Can't you see that its only tendency is to loosen the +restraints of morality and "unchain the Tiger?" + +The inconsiderate and inexperienced youth of both sexes, have need of all +the motives of religion to lead them from vice, to support their virtue, +and retain them in its practice until it becomes habitual. + +Unbeliever, if you read this article, and remember that you have prepared +one sentence to cut one cord that helps to hold the Tiger, _burn it_. Do +not unchain the animal. Would you substitute infidelity for Christianity, +for the religion of the Bible? Would you do that in this country? The +enemies of this religion confess that its code of morals is holy, just and +good, its doctrine is dignified and glorious; its tendency is to purity +and peace; "it is pure, peaceable, gentle and easy to be entreated, full +of mercy and good fruits; without partiality, and without hypocrisy." +Montesquieu, the publisher of the Persian letters and president of the +parliament of Bordeaux, says: "The Christian religion, which ordains that +men should love each other, would, without doubt, have every nation +blessed with the best political and civil laws, because these, next to +religion, are the greatest good that men can have." + +The Congress of 1776, speaking of religion, declared it was the "only +solid basis of public liberty and happiness." General Washington said it +was "one of the great pillars of human happiness, and the firmest prop of +the duties of men and citizens." What could we gain by exchanging it for +Deism, or Atheism, or Ingersollism? Infidelity proposes to break down the +altars of prayer, take away our Bibles and our days of worship, shut up +the doors against all our Sunday-schools and turn more than a million of +children into the streets, away from sweet song and moralizing influences, +and the pure morals of the gospel of Christ. This would bereave the living +of his rule of life, and rob the dying of the antidote of death. + +Shall we "unchain the Tiger"--_unbelief_? What would it bring us in return? +Its doctrines are vague speculations, founded on neither data nor +evidence; some of its supporters believe in some kind of a God, while some +deny every God; some few believe in the immortality of the soul, while a +majority, with the French infidels, write over the gates of their +cemeteries, "Death is eternal sleep." + +In looking over the various infidel productions I think of the old saying, +"Be sure you are right, and then go ahead." There is no certainty in their +speculations. They do not agree even in their so-called moral code, nor, +as yet, in their doctrinal speculations. + +Lord Herbert and the Earl of Shaftesbury thought that the light of nature +would teach all men, without the aid of revelation, to observe the +morality of the Bible. Spinosa and Hobbes, one believing in a God, and the +other an Atheist, agreed that there was nothing that was either right or +wrong in its own nature; and also agreed "that every man had a right to +obtain, either by force or fraud, everything which either his reason or +his passions prompted him to believe was useful to himself--duties to the +State were his only duties." + +Blount, another Freethinker, supposed "that the moral law of nature +justified self-murder." Lord Bolingbroke claimed that it enjoined +polygamy; and neither Blount nor Bolingbroke prohibited fornication, or +adultery, or incest, except between parents and children. + +But the vagueness and uncertainty of the doctrinal speculations of +infidelity, and the looseness and immorality of its rules of life, are not +the only objections to it. Its tendency, wherever it has been introduced +in the history of our world, has been evil, and _only_ evil. France, at +the commencement of her revolution in 1789, was an infidel nation. The +profligacy of the Catholic priesthood, and the demoralizing example of the +Regent, Duke of Orleans, and the infidel publications of Voltaire and his +associates, had produced a contempt for religion through every rank of +society. The people of France were taught by their literati that the Bible +was at war with their liberties; and that they could never expect to +overturn the throne till they had, first, broken down the "altar." HERE +THE TIGER WAS UNCHAINED! + +The lusts and passions of man were set free from the restraints of +Christianity, and the bloody history of that nation, in its devotion to +infidelity, should convince every man that infidelity only "_unchained the +tiger_"! It did France no good, _but much evil_. In this state of things +France needed revolution, as America did, and had she engaged in it, with +as pious reliance upon God, "and with the hearts of her people deeply +imbued with the morality of the Bible, the scion of liberty, carried in +the honored Lafayette from this country," would have taken deep root, and +spread forth its branches; and ere this time the fairest portion of Europe +might have reposed under its shadow. But her principles poisoned her +morals, and her immorality disqualified her for freedom. After expending +an incredible amount of treasure, and sacrificing more than two million of +men, she consented to be ruled by a despot in hope of some protection from +her own people, and in hope of some security against the animal which she +had unchained. + +With such facts before us, let us Americans decide, not merely as +Christians, but as "patriots and fathers," whether we will cling to the +pure "Gospel of Jesus Christ," given to us in the love of Heaven, and in +the blood of Jesus, rather than accept in its stead the empty, Godless, +Christless, good-for-nothing negative of God and Christ and Christianity. +The chief article in the unbeliever's creed is in these words, "I believe +in all unbelief." + + ------------------------------------- + +Will not our friends take interest enough in the JOURNAL to increase its +circulation. There is no reason why it should not be immediately doubled, +and thus placed upon a solid basis. It is our intention to make it a +thorough defense of the truth, so much so that all will relish it, and +remember it with delight. + + + + + +THE STRUGGLE. + + + "Passion riots; reason then contends, + And on the conquest every bliss depends." + + +There are two different periods in the history of the race; in the history +of a nation; in the history of the church; in the history of moral +institutions, and in the history of families. In one the intellect +predominates, governs; in the other the emotional nature, or passion, +rules. The fatal day in the history of a nation is the day in which, +through party strife or otherwise, a nation of people becomes a seething +mass of heated passion. Such a nation is like a vessel tossed upon the +waves above the falls of some mighty river, liable to be buried in the +whirlpool of destruction. Men who are governed by their emotional nature +are most liable to disappointments, to troubles, and difficulties of every +kind. Select all the miserable families in your community, tell me where +they are, and I will show you every family in which passion reigns. + +Troubles are generally legitimate children of passion. Who has not heard +some one say, repentingly, "If I had taken a second, sober thought I would +not have done it." Intellect belongs to our higher nature, and emotion +belongs to our lower. Intelligence is always at a discount where the +emotional nature governs--it is subordinated to passion. When the intellect +governs, the emotional is subjected to thought; when either one +predominates, the other is brought under and enslaved. These are the two +conflicting elements in man's nature which are generally at war with each +other, leading to different and antagonistic results. During the dark +ages, which were ushered in through the repudiation of intelligence and +the predominance of passion, the emotional reigned, and men were governed +by their passions in religious as well as state affairs. The shadows of +those ages still linger with some communities, and with many persons in +almost all communities. Our fathers had a long and hard struggle in +getting away from an emotional to an intellectual state, both in civil as +well as religious affairs. To-day, if we consider this matter in +connection with our people as a nation, we may safely say that we are in +an intellectual period--mind predominates. This is an age of investigation. +The time was, in the history of our fathers, when a man was fined fifty +pounds of tobacco if he refused to have his innocent child christened. +_See the_ "_old Blue Laws._" The time was when innocent persons were +tried, condemned, and put to death for being, in the estimation of men, +clothed with disgraceful ignorance, _witches_. Who has not heard of the +"Salem witchcraft?" + +The emotional nature of man, as a ruling sovereign, is losing its +"legal-tender value" daily. The time was when it brought a premium in the +most of the churches in our country. An aged father, who is now "across +the river," once said to me, "I was bewildered, and mentally lost for +thirty years of my life." I asked him for the facts. He, answering, said: +"During all that period of time I was a church member, and, like some +others, I was a quiet, still kind of a soul; I paid my honest debts; told +the truth about my neighbors, and lived a moral life to the very best of +my abilities. There were others of the same character. The preachers +frequently called us Quakers--the Quakers were a very still people in those +days. There were others who were reckless; would not always tell the +truth, and would not always pay their honest debts, but they were, +nevertheless, very noisy in the church, and the preacher always made most +of those noisy fellows. Now," said the aged father, "I never could +understand that." The old man lived to learn the secret, and changed his +religious relations and began a new life in religion. + +The scenes of the "Cane Ridge revival," down in Kentucky, have not been +repeated in all our country for more than twenty years, and it is probable +that they never will be. There are many things in the past history of +religion in our country that will never be repeated. Did you ever witness +a panic in a large congregation of people? If you have, you may go with me +to "Cane Ridge." Before we start I wish to remind you of the fact that +some of the most fearful panics known to men took place where, and when, +there was no reason for them outside of existing ignorance. Fright or +fear, coupled with ignorance, produced them. Now let us go to "Cane +Ridge." There we find the people in the emotional period in the history of +religion. They are laboring under the conviction that Jehovah has +concentrated all the powers of His Spirit at Cane Ridge--it is the common +conviction. The people all over the country believe that God is there. The +excitement runs high, and yet higher; it becomes contagious--a religious +epidemic--the ruling element being the thought of the presence of the +Divine Majesty, and the emotional nature of man the field of its +operations. All the ignorance of a genuine panic is there. There were no +well-informed unbelievers there to tear off the veil, nor better-informed +Christians to remove it, not even so much as a Wesley to exonerate God by +saying, "I am constrained to believe that it is the devil tearing them as +they are coming to Christ." No! There is one conviction at Cane Ridge--it +is this: _Jehovah is here._ It was a wonderful panic--a wonderful time. +Persons going on to the ground immediately fell down like dead men; got up +with the jerks; barked like dogs. Women went backwards and forwards, +making singular gestures; their heads were bobbing with the jerks, and +their long hair cracking like whips. The scene was beyond description. The +whole country flocked to the place, and all were confounded with amazement +and astonishment. + +If such operations were religion, our country has been without it for a +long time. Then our old-fashioned camp-meetings--where are they? They are +things of the past. I recollect leaving a camp-ground at a late hour of +the night, just as the congregation divided up into groups, and the groups +went out into the woods in different directions to engage in secret +prayer. We heard them when we were three miles away--_strange secret +prayer_! Do you know anything of that kind of secret prayer at the present +time? + +The common pulpit teaching of those times was wonderful(?), but it was the +best they had. It was common for preachers to make war upon education. +They often boasted of their ignorance. They claimed that education was not +necessary to qualify a man for the pulpit. The best school teachers in our +country received twelve and fifteen dollars per month for teaching, and +boarded themselves. Teachers who now pay five dollars per week for board, +can't see how those old teachers got along upon such wages. In those times +it was very common for teachers to get their board for seventy-five cents +per week. The farmers claimed that it was unnecessary to educate their +daughters, and only necessary to educate their sons sufficiently well to +enable them to keep their accounts. Beyond this it was often claimed that +an education was of no value--that it only made rascals. I recollect a very +zealous old man who preached for the German Baptists; he is now "across +the waves." Once, in my presence, he disposed of a grammatical argument +that was put against him, by saying, "It is the wisdom of the world, and +it is sensual and devilish." It was common forty years ago for preachers +to say, "I don't know what I shall say, but just as the Lord gives it to +me I will hand it to you." As a general thing those men knew no better, +and the masses of the people knew no better. The people were living in an +Emotional period, with the exception of a few brave thinkers, and they +were governed by their emotions. + +Prosperity grew with the growth of our country, and the standard of +education was elevated. The free-school system took the place of the +old-fashioned subscription schools, which were worth twelve dollars per +month to the whole community, and the brave thinkers continued stirring up +thought in religion, and giving the fathers and mothers trouble about this +thing of confounding religion with passion, and our country is now fairly +at sea in an Intellectual period. Religion is now a thing to be learned +and lived--_to be done_. Those brave men who advocated an intelligent +religion forty years ago, were denounced, from almost every pulpit in our +country, as a set of "whitewashed infidels," having no religion, and +"without God in the world." + +But that day is past, and we are in a period in which mind generally +predominates. The language of the emotional is seldom heard. In that +period it was common to hear men ask: "How did you get religion?" "where +did you get religion?" "where did you get religion?" "describe it;" "O I +can't, it is better felt than expressed." Such language was in keeping +with a very common idea which was held sacred in those days. It was this, +the Lord made general provision for the salvation of men, but He makes a +special application to the sinner. Of course, all to whom salvation was +not especially applied, were, in the estimation of those people, _lost_. +There are a few communities yet that are away back in the emotional +period. There are men and women in every community who are yet governed by +their emotional nature in matters of religion. Those persons have no use +for an intelligent, argumentative preacher. They want a preacher who will +say smoothe things; and there is now and then a preacher who has no +strength outside of the emotional. + +We have an emotional nature. I am glad that we have. I would not be an +intellectual wooden-man if I could. But if you say, the Almighty Father +intended that we should be intellectually subordinated to our emotional +nature, and therefore governed by our passions, or feelings, I shall deny +it. He never intended that we should be governed by our passions. To-day +there are strong intellects in unbelief flooding our country with their +literature. How shall they be met? Mr. Moody says, "Show them that you are +full of Jesus Christ and the Holy Ghost." Very well. Can you do that +without the truth? can you do that without word or wisdom? can you do it +without "contending earnestly for the faith once delivered unto the +saints?" In the days of Christ and His apostles the men who were full of +the Holy Spirit had a mouth and wisdom which none of their adversaries +were able to resist or gainsay. The antichrists of our day can not be met +successfully without reason, without argument, without meeting the +intellectual demands of the times. + +There are intellectual men and women in almost every community throughout +our country--men and women with whom intelligence governs--who want the whys +and wherefores upon every subject. This class is on the increase at a +rapid rate. It does no good to set ourselves against reason, and oppose +the current of thought with our emotional nature. In that way we may +succeed with those who are governed by their emotional nature, but the +work, when it is done, is a work upon the passions, and will soon pass +away, unless the intellect was at the same time enlisted. The men who stir +the world with thought, and give intellectual cast to the age in which we +live, are to be met with thought, met with reason, met with truths tried +in the crucible. + +Christianity has nothing to fear in the great struggle that is being +carried on for the truth's sake. But it has lost much for want of +investigation. Our free school and Sunday-school systems are making the +rising generation better acquainted with both science and the Bible, and a +thorough acquaintance with both is the one thing most needed in order to a +better future in religion, as well as in every other human interest. The +time is come when men will no longer be content to listen to grave errors +and keep silence. Every truth is being put to the test of logic, as well +as fact. It is natural to abhor a contradiction, and it is right. All +truth is harmonious. I am glad that harmony is demanded in religious +teaching; I often think of pulpit teaching away back thirty and forty +years ago. It used to be very popular in some parts to tell people that +they could do nothing to better their condition in a future state, and, at +the same time, exhort them to do better. + +I heard of three brothers, George, William and James. George and William +were "Hard-shell Baptist" preachers; James made no profession. His wife +was a member of George's congregation. She was a great "scold." One day +James failed to do just as she wished him, and, as a matter of course, he +received quite a lecture; finally the woman told him that it was a great +pity that he could not be a good man, like his brother George or brother +William, and fell to exhorting him to do better. He finally became +impatient and said, "Yes! George and William were too lazy to work, and I +called them to preach. They both stood it until the third call, and then +put on their hats and went. You belong to George's church, and I go there +with you to hear him preach. He tells me that I can do nothing, and you +tell me that I can do nothing; and, now, what in the h--l do you want me to +do?" Such inconsistent teaching was always repugnant to common sense and +natural reason. There are many persons yet teaching the old falsehood that +man is passive in his conversion, notwithstanding the fact that men are +imperatively commanded to convert--turn, that their sins may be blotted +out. Men are yet found in some Protestant pulpits who spend a great deal +of their time praying the Lord to convert sinners. It is often the case, +in their own estimation, that the Lord gives no heed to their prayers; but +this has happened so frequently that it does not seem to trouble them. It +has been a very short time since I heard a minister advocating what he was +pleased to call "miraculous conversion." I thought, if you are right in +that matter, why did the Heavenly Father command his love, commended in +the Savior's death, preached to every creature, and still refuse to +convert every creature? What difference does it make to me whether the +Lord passed me by before He made Adam, or passed me by on yesterday? And +if He refuses to send His spirit and convert me until the last, and I die +in my sins and am lost, who is to blame? What is the difference between +His neglect to convert me and the old Calvinistic idea that Christ did not +die for me? What is the difference between the spirit of God being partial +to communities--going into one and converting a great many persons and +passing others by--and God Himself being partial? And why does the Spirit +not convert all the unwilling sinners in the community where it does +convert sinners? These are questions that have been asked in a great many +hearts before they yielded themselves up to skepticism and infidelity. + +In the present stage of critical investigation it is well for all +preachers to remember that there is but one question involving this whole +matter of conversion and pardon, and that is the question coupled with the +Judgment; it is not, How much did the Heavenly Father love me? He loved +all men. It is not, How much did Jesus do for _me_? He tasted death for +every man. It is not, How much has the Spirit done for me? It gave the +gospel to all nations, as the power of God unto salvation to every man +that believeth. The one, and only, question in the Judgment is, What have +I done for myself? What are the deeds done in my body? the deeds which _I +have done_. + +Christianity is right thinking and doing; all that is to be attained in +the religion of Christ is enjoyed in an upright life. Every theory that +conflicts with this grand sentiment is smoked with the darkness of the +dark ages. The Father of Spirits made us with the power of choice--gave us +the liberty to choose--and we all may have, in the future, just such a +state as we will. The Father loved all; the Son died for all; and the +Spirit says to all, COME! + +The great struggle that is now going on between Christianity and unbelief +is accomplishing two good things: First, it is making it hard for +professors of religion to hold their errors, or cover up hypocrisy; and +second, it is making it hard for infidels and skeptics to hold on to their +flimsy objections to the Christian religion. Let the struggle go on! + + + + + +THE RECORDS RESPECTING THE DEATH OF THOMAS PAINE. + + +That he bitterly regretted the writing and the publishing of the _Age of +Reason_ we have incontestable proof. During his last illness he asked a +pious young woman, Mary Roscoe, a Quakeress, who frequently visited him, +if she had ever read any of his writings, and being told that she had read +very little of them he inquired what she thought of them, adding, "From +such a one as you I expect a true answer." She told him, when very young +she had read his _Age of Reason_, but the more she read of it the more +dark and distressed she felt, and she threw it into the fire. "I wish all +had done as you," he replied, "for if the devil ever had an agency in any +work, he has had it in writing that book."--_Journal of Stephen Grellet, +1809._ + +Dr. Manley, who was with him during his last hours, in a letter to +Cheetham, in 1809, writes: "He could not be left alone night or day. He +not only required to have some person with him, but he must see that he or +she was there, and if, as it would sometimes happen, he was left alone, he +would scream and halloo until some person came to him. There was something +remarkable in his conduct about this period, which comprises about two +weeks immediately preceding his death. He would call out during his +paroxysms of distress, without intermission, 'O Lord, help me! God, help +me! Jesus Christ, help me! O Lord, help me!' etc., repeating the same +expressions without the least variation, in a tone of voice that would +alarm the house. It was this conduct which induced me to think that he +abandoned his former opinions, and I was more inclined to that belief when +I understood from his nurse, who is a very serious, and I believe pious +woman, that he would occasionally inquire, when he saw her engaged with a +book, what she was reading, and being answered, and at the same time asked +whether she should read aloud, he assented, and would appear to give +particular attention. The doctor asked him if he believed that Jesus +Christ is the Son of God? After a pause of some minutes he replied, 'I +have no wish to believe on that subject.' 'For my own part,' says the +doctor, 'I believe that had not Thomas Paine been such a distinguished +infidel he would have left less equivocal evidences of a change of +opinion.' " + +The Roman Catholic Bishop, Fenwick, says: "A short time before Paine died +I was sent for by him." He was prompted to do this by a poor Catholic +woman who went to see him in his sickness, and who told him if anybody +could do him any good it was the Catholic priest. "I was accompanied by F. +Kohlman, an intimate friend. We found him at a house in Greenwich, now +Greenwich street, New York, where he lodged. A decent-looking, elderly +woman came to the door, and inquired whether we were the Catholic priests; +'for,' said she, 'Mr. Paine has been so much annoyed of late by other +denominations calling upon him, that he has left express orders to admit +no one but the clergymen of the Catholic church.' Upon informing her who +we were, she opened the door and showed us into the parlor. 'Gentlemen,' +said the lady, 'I really wish you may succeed with Mr. Paine, for he is +laboring under great distress of mind every since he was told by his +physicians that he can not possibly live, and must die shortly. He is +truly to be pitied. His cries, when left alone, are heart-rending. "O +Lord, help me!" he will exclaim during his paroxysms of distress: "God, +help me! Jesus Christ, help me!" Repeating these expressions in a tone of +voice that would alarm the house. Sometimes he will say, "O God, what have +I done to suffer so much?" Then shortly after, "but there is no God," then +again, "yet if there should be, what would become of me hereafter?" Thus +he will continue for some time, when, on a sudden, he will scream as if in +terror and agony, and call for me by name. On one occasion I inquired what +he wanted. "Stay with me," he replied, "for God's sake, for I can not bear +to be left alone." I told him I could not always be in the room. "Then," +said he, "_send even a child to stay with me, for it is a hell to be +alone._" _I never saw_,' she continued, '_a more unhappy, a more forsaken +man. It seems he can not reconcile himself to die._' + +"Such was the conversation of the woman, who was a Protestant, and who +seemed very desirous that we should afford him some relief in a state +bordering on complete despair. Having remained some time in the parlor, we +at length heard a noise in the adjoining room. We proposed to enter, which +was assented to by the woman, who opened the door for us. A more wretched +being in appearance I never beheld. He was lying in a bed sufficiently +decent in itself, but at present besmeared with filth; his look was that +of a man greatly tortured in mind, his eyes haggard, his countenance +forbidding, and his whole appearance that of one whose better days had +been one continued scene of debauch. His only nourishment was milk punch, +in which he indulged to the full extent of his weak state. He had partaken +very recently of it, as the sides and corners of his mouth exhibited very +unequivocal traces of it, as well as of blood which had also followed in +the track and left its mark on the pillow. Upon their making known the +object of their visit, Paine interrupted the speaker by saying, 'That's +enough, sir, that's enough. I see what you would be about. I wish to hear +no more from you, sir; my mind is made up on that subject. I look upon the +whole of the Christian scheme to be a tissue of lies, and Jesus Christ to +be nothing more than a cunning knave and imposter. Away with you, and your +God, too! Leave the room instantly! All that you have uttered are lies, +filthy lies, and if I had a little more time I would prove it, as I did +about your imposter, Jesus Christ.' Among the last utterances that fell +upon the ears of the attendants of this dying infidel, and which have been +recorded in history, were the words, 'My God, my God, why hast thou +forsaken me?' " + + ------------------------------------- + +"Some thousand famous writers come up in this century to be forgotten in +the next. But the silver cord of the Bible is not loosened, nor its golden +bowl broken, though time chronicles his tens of centuries passed by.... +You can trace the path of the Bible across the world, from the day of +Pentecost to this day. As a river springs up in the heart of a sandy +continent, having its father in the skies; as the stream rolls on, making +in that arid waste a belt of verdure wherever it turns its way; creating +palm groves and fertile plains, where the smoke of the cottage curls up at +eventide, and marble cities send the gleam of their splendor far into die +sky--such has been the course of the bible on earth."--_Theodore Parker._ + +"I must die--abandoned of God and of men."--_Voltaire._ + + + + + +THREE REASONS FOR REPUDIATING INFIDELITY. + + +Bishop Whipple says, "I once met a thoughtful scholar who told me that for +years he had read every book which assailed the religion of Jesus Christ. +He said he would have been an infidel if it had not been for three things: + +" 'First, I am a man. I am going somewhere. I am to-night a day nearer the +grave than last night. I have read all that they can tell me. There is not +one solitary ray of light upon the darkness. They shall not take away the +only guide and leave me stone blind. + +" 'Secondly, I had a mother. I saw her go down into the dark valley where +I am going, and she leaned upon an unseen arm as calmly as a child goes to +sleep upon the breast of a mother. I know that was not a dream. + +" 'Thirdly, I have three motherless daughters. They have no protector but +myself. I would rather kill them than leave them in this sinful world if +you could blot out from it all the teachings of the Gospel.' " + + + + + +COL. INGERSOLL IS A PHILOSOPHER? + + +Col. Ingersoll tells us that "intellectual liberty, as a matter of +necessity, forever destroys the idea that belief is either PRAISE OR +BLAMEWORTHY, and is wholly inconsistent with every creed in Christendom." +Again, he says, "No man can control his belief." Notwithstanding all this, +his whole occupation consists in traveling over the country and blaming +men, women and children for their belief. He is consistent? He is a +Scientist, you know? He does nothing that is absurd? He is a philosopher, +sitting on the bones of Moses and making grimaces at the faith of Moses, +when neither Moses nor his friends could control their belief? He works +hard for no purpose if men can't control their belief, and does men +injustice, IF HE BLAMES THEM FOR THEIR FAITH? + +"No man can control his belief." Then why labor to make your brother of +humanity believe that he is but-- + + + The pilgrim of a day? + Spouse of the worm and brother of the clay, + Frail as the leaf in autumn's yellow bower, + Dust in the wind, or dew upon the flower? + + A child without a sire; + Whose mortal life and transitory fire + Light to the grave his chance-created form, + As ocean wrecks illuminate the storm. + + +And then-- + + + To-night, and silence sinks forevermore! + + +If these-- + + + The pompous teachings ye proclaim, + Lights of the world and demi-gods of fame, + The laurel wreaths that murderers rear, + Blood-nursed and watered by the widow's tears, + Seems not so foul, so tainted, and so dread, + As the daily night-shade round the skeptic's head. + + +_Think of Ingersoll at his brother's grave!_ + + + + + +LIFE OF ELDER E. GOODWIN. + + +This interesting volume will be ready for delivery in a few days, as it is +now in the hands of the binder. It is a neat volume of 314 pages, on good +paper, and substantially bound in cloth. Price, $1.50. + +Some two months ago we issued a prospectus for this book, proposing to +make a work of 300 pages, and putting the price at $1.25, and these papers +have been in the hands of agents for some time, and quite a large number +of persons have subscribed for the book at that price. Of course all who +have subscribed to date shall have the book in good faith at $1.25, as +understood, but we are compelled to raise the price to all new subscribers +from this date to $1.50, on account of the advance in all book stock and +the increased size of the book. + +All our old agents, and all persons desiring an agency for this work, will +please correspond with us at this place--Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana. + +April 2, 1879. +J. M. MATHES. + +Elder Mathes, also, keeps on hand a full supply of all the publications of +the Christian church. 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