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diff --git a/28094-h/28094-h.htm b/28094-h/28094-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..776015f --- /dev/null +++ b/28094-h/28094-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,13370 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mediaeval Tales, by Henry Morley.</title> +<style type="text/css"> + body {background:#fdfdfd; + color:black; + font-size: large; + margin-top:100px; + margin-left:15%; + margin-right:15%; + text-align:justify; } + h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {text-align: center; } + hr.narrow { width: 40%; + text-align: center; } + hr { width: 100%; } + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 3px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + blockquote { font-size: large; margin-left: 4%; margin-right: 4% } + blockquote.med { font-size: medium; } + table {font-size: large; } + table.sm {font-size: medium; } + table.j {font-size: large; + text-align: justify; } + td.j {text-align: justify; } + td.w50 { width: 50%; } + p {text-indent: 3%; } + p.noindent { text-indent: 0%; } + p.noline { margin-top: 0px; + margin-bottom: 1px; } + .big { font-size: 130%} + .center { text-align: center; } + .ind1 { margin-left: 1em; } + .ind2 { margin-left: 2em; } + .ind4 { margin-left: 4em; } + .ind6 { margin-left: 6em; } + .ind10 { margin-left: 10em; } + .ind15 { margin-left: 15em; } + ins { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted gray;} + + .nowrap { white-space: nowrap; } + .poem {margin-left: 22%; margin-right: 8%; text-align: left;} + .poem2 {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 5%; text-align: left; font-size: 85%} + .poem3 {margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 5%; text-align: left; font-size: 85%} + .right { text-align: right; } + .small { font-size: 70%; } + .smallcaps { font-variant: small-caps; } + .toctitle { font-weight: bold; + font-size: 90%; } + .u { text-decoration: underline; } + a:link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + link {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:visited {color:blue; + text-decoration:none} + a:hover {color:red; + text-decoration: underline; } + pre {font-size: 70%; } +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mediaeval Tales, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mediaeval Tales + +Author: Various + +Editor: Henry Morley + +Release Date: February 16, 2009 [EBook #28094] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEDIAEVAL TALES *** + + + + +Produced by Delphine Lettau and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<h1>MEDIÆVAL TALES</h1> + +<div class="center"> +<p><i>WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HENRY MORLEY</i></p> + +<p class="small">LL. D., LATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AT +UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON</p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p>LONDON:</p> +<p class="small">GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTD.</p> +<p class="small">NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.</p> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> + +<h3>CONTENTS</h3> +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style= "margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="1" summary="CONTENTS"> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top"> </td><td><a href="#INTRODUCTION" ><span class="smallcaps">INTRODUCTION</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td><a href="#HISTORY_OF_CHARLES">HISTORY OF CHARLES THE GREAT AND ORLANDO.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td><a href="#DAYS_OF_CHARLEMAGNE">THE DAYS OF CHARLEMAGNE<br /> + AND OF THE CID CAMPEADOR.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td><a href="#GESTA_ROMANORUM">GESTA ROMANORUM.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top"> </td> <td><a href="#FAMOUS_HISTORY">THE FAMOUS HISTORY OF DR. FAUSTUS.</a></td></tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2> +<p> </p> + +<p>This volume of "Mediæval Tales" is in four parts, containing +severally, (1) Turpin's "History of Charles the Great and +Orlando," which is an old source of Charlemagne romance; +(2) Spanish Ballads, relating chiefly to the romance of +Charlemagne, these being taken from the spirited translations +of Spanish ballads published in 1823 by John Gibson Lockhart; +(3) a selection of stories from the "Gesta Romanorum;" +and (4) the old translation of the original story of Faustus, on +which Marlowe founded his play, and which is the first source +of the Faust legend in literature.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>Turpin's "History of Charles the Great and Orlando" is +given from a translation made by Thomas Rodd, and published +by himself in 1812, of "Joannes Turpini Historia de Vita Caroli +Magni et Rolandi." This chronicle, composed by some monk +at an unknown date before the year 1122, professed to be the +work of a friend and secretary of Charles the Great, Turpin, +Archbishop of Rheims, who was himself present in the scenes +that he describes. It was--like Geoffrey of Monmouth's nearly +contemporary "History of British Kings," from which were +drawn tales of Gorboduc, Lear and King Arthur—romance +itself, and the source of romance in others. It is at the root of +many tales of Charlemagne and Roland that reached afterwards +their highest artistic expression in Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso." +The tale ascribed to Turpin is of earlier date than the year +1122, because in that year Pope Calixtus II. officially declared +its authenticity. But it was then probably a new invention, +designed for edification, for encouragement of faith in the +Church, war against infidels, and reverence to the shrine of +St. James of Compostella.</p> + +<p>The Church vouched for the authorship of Turpin, Archbishop +of Rheims, "excellently skilled in sacred and profane literature, +of a genius equally adapted to prose and verse; the advocate of +the poor, beloved of God in his life and conversation, who often +hand to hand fought the Saracens by the Emperor's side; and +who flourished under Charles and his son Lewis to the year of +our Lord eight hundred and thirty." But while this work gave +impulse to the shaping of Charlemagne romances with Orlando +(Roland) for their hero, there came to be a very general opinion +that, whether the author of the book were Turpin or another, he +too was a romancer. His book came, therefore, to be known as +the "Magnanime Mensonge," a lie heroic and religious.</p> + +<p>No doubt Turpin's "Vita Caroli Magni et Rolandi" was based +partly on traditions current in its time. It was turned of old +into French verse and prose; and even into Latin hexameters. +The original work was first printed at Frankfort in 1566, in a +collection of Four Chronographers—"Germanicarum Rerum." +Mr. Rodd's translation, here given, was made from the copy of the +original given in Spanheim's "Lives of Ecclesiastical Writers."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>Publication of the songs and ballads of Spain began at Valencia +in the year 1511 with a collection by Fernando del Castillo, who +on his title-page professed to collect pieces "as well ancient as +modern." From 1511 to 1573 there were nine editions of this +"Cancionero." A later collection made between 1546 and 1550—The +"Cancionero de Romances"—was made to consist wholly +of ballads. A third edition of it, in 1555, is the fullest and best +known. The greatest collection followed in nine parts, published +separately between 1593 and 1597, at Valencia, Burgos, Toledo, +Alcala, and Madrid. This formed the great collection known as +the "Romancero General."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>The chief hero of the Spanish Ballads is the Cid Campeador; +and Robert Southey used these ballads as material for enriching +the "Chronicle of the Cid," which has already been given in this +Library. Songs of the Cid were sung as early as the year 1147, +are of like date with the "Magnanime Mensonge" and Geoffrey +of Monmouth's "History of British Kings." In 1248 St. +Ferdinand gave allotments to two poets who had been with him +during the Siege of Seville, and who were named Nicolas and +Domingo Abod "of the Romances." There is also evidence from +references to what "the <i>juglares</i> sing in their chants and tell in +their tales," that in the middle of the thirteenth century tales of +Charlemagne and of Bernardo del Carpio were familiar in the +mouths of ballad-singers.</p> + +<p>The whole number of the old ballads of Spain exceeds a +thousand, and of these John Gibson Lockhart has translated some +of the best into English verse. Lockhart was born in 1793, was +the son of a Scottish minister, was educated at the Universities of +Glasgow and Oxford, and was called to the bar at Edinburgh +in 1816. Next year he was one of the keenest of the company +of young writers whose genius and lively audacity established +the success of "Blackwood's Magazine." Three years +later, in 1820, he married the eldest daughter of Sir Walter +Scott. Lockhart's vigorous rendering of the spirit of the +Spanish Romances was first published in 1823, two years before +he went to London to become editor of the "Quarterly Review." +He edited the "Quarterly" for about thirty years, and died in +1854.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>The "Gesta Romanorum;" is a mediæval compilation of +tales that might be used to enforce and enliven lessons from the +pulpit. Each was provided with its "Application." The French +Dominican, Vincent of Beauvais, tells in his "Mirror of History" +that in his time—the thirteenth century—it was the practice of +preachers, to rouse languid hearers by quoting fables out of +Æsop, and he recommends a sparing and discreet use of profane +fancies in discussing sacred subjects. Among the Harleian +MSS. is an ancient collection of 215 stories, romantic, allegorical +and legendary, compiled by a preacher for the use of monastic +societies. There were other such collections, but the most +famous of all, widely used not only by the preachers but also by +the poets, was the Latin story-book known as the "Gesta +Romanorum." Its name, "Deeds of the Romans," was due to its +fancy for assigning every story to some emperor who had or had +not reigned in Rome; the emperor being a convenient person +in the Application, which might sometimes begin with, "My +beloved, the emperor is God." Perhaps the germ of the collection +may have been a series of applied tales from Roman +history. But if so, it was soon enriched with tales from the +East, from the "Clericalis Disciplina," a work by Petrus Alfonsus, +a baptized Jew who lived in 1106, and borrowed professedly +from the Arabian fabulists. Mediæval tales of all kinds suitable +for the purpose of the "Gesta Romanorum" were freely incorporated, +and the book so formed became a well-known storehouse +of material for poetic treatment. Gower, Shakespeare, +Schiller are some of the poets who have used tales which are +among the thirty given in this volume.</p> + +<p>The "Gesta Romanorum" was first printed in 1473, and +after that date often reprinted. It was translated into Dutch +as early as the year 1484. There was a translation of forty-three +of its tales into English, by Richard Robinson, published in +1577, of which there were six or seven editions during the next +twenty-four years. A version of forty-five of its tales was published +in 1648 as "A Record of Ancient Histories." The +fullest English translation was that by the Rev. C. Swan, +published in 1824. In this volume two or three tales are given +in the earlier English form, the rest from Mr. Swan's translation, +with a little revision of his English. Mr. Swan used Book +English, and was apt to write "an instrument of agriculture" +where he would have said "a spade." I give here thirty of the +Tales, but of the "Applications" have left only enough to show +how they were managed.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>In the volume of this Library, which contains Marlowe's +"Faustus" and Goethe's "Faust," reference has been made to +the old German History of Faustus, first published at Frankfort +in September 1587, and reprinted with slight change in 1588. +There was again a reprint of it with some additions in 1589. +This book was written by a Protestant in early days of the +Reformation, but shaped by him from mediæval tales of magic, +with such notions of demons and their home as had entered +deeply in the Middle Ages into popular belief. From it was +produced within two years of its first publication Marlowe's play +of "Faustus," which has already been given, and that English +translation of the original book which will be found in the +present volume. It was reprinted by Mr. William J. Thoms +in his excellent collection of "Early English Prose Romances," +first published in 1828, of which there was an enlarged second +edition, in three volumes, in 1858. That is a book of which all +students of English literature would like to see a third and cheap +edition.</p> +<p class="right">H. M.</p> +<p><i>October 1884.</i></p> + +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h1><span class="smallcaps">Turpin's History<br /> +<br /> +of<br /><br /> +Charles the Great and Orlando.</span></h1> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<h4><a name="HISTORY_OF_CHARLES" id="HISTORY_OF_CHARLES"></a>THE HISTORY</h4> + +<h5>OF</h5> + +<h2><span class="smallcaps">Charles the Great and Orlando.</span></h2> +<p> </p> + +<table style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="0" summary="CONTENTS_CHARLES_THE_GREAT and ORLANDO"> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV">CHAPTER XIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XV">CHAPTER XV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XVI">CHAPTER XVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XVII">CHAPTER XVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XVIII">CHAPTER XVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XIX">CHAPTER XIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XX">CHAPTER XX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXI">CHAPTER XXI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXII">CHAPTER XXII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXIII">CHAPTER XXIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXIV">CHAPTER XXIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXV">CHAPTER XXV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXVI">CHAPTER XXVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXVII">CHAPTER XXVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXVIII">CHAPTER XXVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXIX">CHAPTER XXIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXX">CHAPTER XXX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXXI">CHAPTER XXXI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#CHAPTER_XXXII">CHAPTER XXXII.</a></td></tr> +</table> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h3> +<p class="center"><i>Archbishop Turpin's Epistle to Leopander.</i></p> + +<p>Turpin, by the grace of God, Archbishop of Rheims, the +faithful companion of the Emperor Charles the Great in +Spain, to Leopander, Dean of Aix-la-Chapelle, greeting.</p> + +<p>Forasmuch as you requested me to write to you from +Vienne (my wounds being now cicatrized) in what manner +the Emperor Charles delivered Spain and Gallicia from the +yoke of the Saracens, you shall attain the knowledge of many +memorable events, and likewise of his praiseworthy trophies +over the Spanish Saracens, whereof I myself was eyewitness, +traversing France and Spain in his company for the space of +forty years; and I hesitate the less to trust these matters to +your friendship, as I write a true history of his warfare. For +indeed all your researches could never have enabled you fully +to discover those great events in the Chronicles of St. Denis, as +you sent me word: neither could you for certain know whether +the author had given a true relation of those matters, either +by reason of his prolixity, or that he was not himself +present when they happened. Nevertheless this book will +agree with his history. Health and happiness.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h3> +<p class="center"><i>How Charles the Great delivered Spain and Gallicia<br /> +from the +Saracens.</i></p> + + +<p>The most glorious Christian Apostle St. James, when the +other Apostles and Disciples of our Lord were dispersed +abroad throughout the whole world, is believed to have +first preached the gospel in Gallicia. After his martyrdom, +his servants, rescuing his body from King Herod, +brought it by sea to Gallicia, where they likewise preached +the gospel. But soon after, the Gallicians, relapsing into +great sins, returned to their former idolatry, and persisted +in it till the time of Charles the Great, Emperor of the +Romans, French, Germans, and other nations. Charles +therefore, after prodigious toils in Saxony, France, Germany, +Lorraine, Burgundy, Italy, Brittany, and other +countries; after taking innumerable cities from sea to sea, +which he won by his invincible arm from the Saracens, +through divine favour; and after subjugating them with +great fatigue of mind and body to the Christian yoke, +resolved to rest from his wars in peace.</p> + +<p>But observing the starry way in the heavens, beginning +at the Friezeland sea, and passing over the German territory +and Italy, between Gaul and Aquitaine, and from +thence in a straight line over Gascony, Bearne, and Navarre, +and through Spain to Gallicia, wherein till his time +lay undiscovered the body of St. James; when night after +night he was wont to contemplate it, meditating upon what +it might signify, a certain beautiful resplendent vision appeared +to him in his sleep, and, calling him son, inquired +what he was attempting to discover. At which Charles +replied, "Who art thou, Lord?" "I am," answered the +vision, "St. James the Apostle, Christ's disciple, the son of +Zebedee, and brother of John the Evangelist, whom the +Lord was pleased to think worthy, in his ineffable goodness, +to elect on the sea of Galilee to preach the gospel to his people, +but whom Herod the King slew. My body now lies concealed +in Gallicia, long so grievously oppressed by the Saracens, +from whose yoke I am astonished that you, who have +conquered so many lands and cities, have not yet delivered it. +Wherefore I come to warn you, as God has given you power +above every other earthly prince, to prepare my way, and +rescue my dominions from the Moabites, that so you may +receive a brighter crown of glory for your reward. The +starry way in the heavens signifies that you, with a great +army, will enter Gallicia to fight the Pagans, and, recovering +it from them, will visit my church and shrine; and +that all the people from the borders of the sea, treading in +your steps, will ask pardon of God for their sins, and return +in safety, celebrating his praise; that you likewise will +acknowledge the wonders he hath done for you in prolonging +your life to its present span. Proceed then as soon as you +are ready; I am your friend and helper; your name shall +become famous to all eternity, and a crown of glory shall be +your reward in heaven."</p> + +<p>Thus did the blessed Apostle appear thrice to the +Emperor, who, confiding in his word, assembled a great +army, and entered Spain to fight the infidels.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the Walls of Pampeluna, that fell of themselves.</i></p> + +<p>The first city Charles besieged was Pampeluna; he invested +it three months, but was not able to take it, through the +invincible strength of the walls. He then made this prayer +to God: "O Lord Jesus Christ, for whose faith I am come +hither to fight the Pagans; for thy glory's sake deliver this +city into my hands; and O blessed St. James, if thou didst +indeed appear to me, help me to take it." And now God +and St. James, hearkening to his petition, the walls utterly +fell to the ground of themselves; but Charles spared the +lives of the Saracens that consented to be baptized; the +rest he put to the edge of the sword. The report of this +miracle induced all their countrymen to surrender their +cities, and consent to pay tribute to the Emperor. Thus +was the whole land soon subdued.</p> + +<p>The Saracens were amazed to see the French well clothed, +accomplished in their manners and persons, and strictly +faithful to their treaties; they gave them therefore a peaceful +and honourable reception, dismissing all thoughts of war. +The Emperor, after frequently visiting the shrine of St. James, +came to Ferrol, and, fixing his lance in the sea, returned +thanks to God and the Apostle for having brought him to +this place, though he could then proceed no further.</p> + +<p>The Pagan nations, after the first preaching of St. James +and his disciples, were converted by Archbishop Turpin, +and by the grace of God baptized; but those who refused +to embrace the faith were either slain or made slaves by +the Christians. Turpin then traversed all Spain from sea +to sea.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the idol Mahomet.</i> +</p> + +<p>The Emperor utterly destroyed the idols and images in +Spain, except the idol in Andalusia, called Salamcadis. Cadis +properly signifies the place of an island, but in Arabic it +means God. The Saracens had a tradition that the idol +Mahomet, which they worshipped, was made by himself in +his lifetime; and that by the help of a legion of devils it +was by magic art endued with such irresistible strength, that +it could not be broken. If any Christian approached it he +was exposed to great danger; but when the Saracens came to +appease Mahomet, and make their supplications to him, +they returned in safety. The birds that chanced to light +upon it were immediately struck dead.</p> + +<p>There is, moreover, on the margin of the sea an ancient +stone excellently sculptured after the Saracenic fashion; +broad and square at the bottom, but tapering upward to the +height that a crow generally flies, having on the top an +image of gold, admirably cast in the shape of a man, standing +erect, with a certain great key in his hand, which the +Saracens say was to fall to the ground immediately after the +birth of a King of Gaul, who would overrun all Spain with +a Christian army, and totally subdue it. Wherefore it was +enjoined them, whenever that happened, to fly the country, +and bury their jewels in the earth.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the Churches the King built.</i></p> + +<p>Charles remained three years in these parts, and with the +gold given him by the kings and princes greatly enlarged +the church of the blessed St. James, appointing an Abbot +and Canons of the order of St. Isidore, martyr and confessor, +to attend it: he enriched it likewise with bells, +books, robes, and other gifts. With the residue of the +immense quantity of gold and silver, he built many churches +on his return from Spain; namely, of the blessed Virgin in +Aix-la-Chapelle, of St. James in Thoulouse, and another in +Gascony, between the city commonly called Aix, after the +model of St. John's at Cordova, in the Jacobine road; the +church likewise of St. James at Paris, between the river +Seine and Montmartre, besides founding innumerable abbeys +in all parts of the world. +</p> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the King's Return to France, and of Argolander,<br /> + King of the +Africans.</i> +</p> + +<p>After the King's return from Spain, a certain Pagan King, +called Argolander, recovered the whole country with his +army, driving the Emperor's soldiers from the towns and +garrisons, which led him to march back his troops, under +their General, Milo de Angleris.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h3> +<p class="center"><i>Of the false Executor.</i></p> + +<p>But the judgment inflicted on a false executor deserves to +be recorded, as a warning to those who unjustly pervert the +alms of the deceased. When the King's army lay at Bayonne, +a certain soldier, called Romaricus, was taken grievously +ill, and, being at the point of death, received the eucharist +and absolution from a priest, bequeathing his horse to a +certain kinsman, in trust, to dispose of for the benefit of the +priest and the poor. But when he was dead his kinsman +sold it for a hundred pence, and spent the money in debauchery. +But how soon does punishment follow guilt! +Thirty days had scarcely elapsed when the apparition of the +deceased appeared to him in his sleep, uttering these words: +"How is it you have so unjustly misapplied the alms entrusted +to you for the redemption of my soul? Do you not +know they would have procured the pardon of my sins from +God? I have been punished for your neglect thirty days +in fire; to-morrow you shall be plunged in the same place +of torment, but I shall be received into Paradise." The +apparition then vanished, and his kinsman awoke in extreme +terror.</p> + +<p>On the morrow, as he was relating the story to his companions, +and the whole army was conversing about it, on a +sudden a strange uncommon clamour, like the roaring of lions, +wolves, and calves, was heard in the air, and immediately a +troop of demons seized him in their talons, and bore him +away alive. What further? Horse and foot sought him +four days together in the adjacent mountains and valleys to +no purpose; but the twelfth day after, as the army was +marching through a desert part of Navarre, his body was +found lifeless, and dashed to pieces, on the summit of some +rocks, a league above the sea, about four days' journey from +the city. There the demons left the body, bearing the soul +away to hell. Let this be a warning, then, to all that follow +his example to their eternal perdition.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the War of the Holy Facundus, where the Spears grew.</i> +</p> + +<p>Charles and Milo, his General, now marched after Argolander +into Spain, and found him in the fields of the river, +where a castle stands in the meadows, in the best part of +the whole plain, where afterwards a church was built in +honour of the blessed martyrs Facundus and Primitivus; +where likewise their bodies rest, an abbey was founded, and +a city built. When the King's army advanced, Argolander +wished to decide the contest by set combat between twenties, +forties, hundreds, thousands, or even by two champions +only. Charles willingly consented, and marched a hundred +of his soldiers against a hundred Saracens, when all of them +were slain. Argolander then sent two hundred, who shared +the same fate. Two thousand were then led against two +thousand, part of whom were slain, and the rest fled. But +on the third day Argolander cast lots, and, knowing that +evil fortune threatened the Emperor, sent him word he +would draw out his whole army on the open plain, on the +morrow, which challenge was accepted.</p> + +<p>Then did this miracle happen. Certain of the Christians, +who carefully had been furbishing their arms against the day +of battle, fixed their spears in the evening erect in the ground +before the castle in the meadow, near the river, and found +them early in the morning covered with bark and branches. +Those, therefore, that were about to receive the palm of +martyrdom were greatly astonished at this event, ascribing +it to divine power. Then cutting off their spears close +to the ground, the roots that remained shot out afresh, and +became lofty trees, which may be still seen flourishing there, +chiefly ash. All this denoted joy to the soul, but loss to +the body; for now the battle commenced, and forty thousand +Christians were slain, together with Milo, their General, the +father of Orlando. The King's horse was likewise slain under +him; but Charles resolutely continued the fight on foot, +and with two thousand Christians gallantly hewed his way +through the Saracens, cleaving many of them asunder from +the shoulders to the waist.</p> + +<p>The following day both Christians and Saracens remained +quietly in their camps, but the day after four Marquisses +brought four thousand fresh troops from Italy to the King's +assistance; whereupon Argolander retreated with his army +to Leon, and Charles led back his forces to France.</p> + +<p>And here it is proper to observe we should strive for +Christ's blessing; for as the soldiers prepared their arms +against the day of battle, so we in like manner should prepare +ours, namely, our virtues to resist our passions. For +he that would oppose faith to infidelity, brotherly love to +hatred, charity to avarice, humility to pride, chastity to lust, +prayer to temptation, perseverance to instability, peace to +strife, obedience to a carnal disposition, must fortify his +soul with grace, and prepare his spear to flourish against +the day of judgment. Triumphant indeed will he be in +heaven who conquers on earth! As the King's soldiers +died for their faith, so should we die to sin, and live in +holiness in this world, that we may receive the palm of glory +in the next, which shall be the reward of those who fight +manfully against their three grand adversaries, the World, +the Flesh, and the Devil.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX.</h3> +<p class="center"><i>Of King Argolander's Army.</i></p> + +<p>Argolander now assembled together innumerable nations +of Saracens, Moors, Moabites, Parthians, Africans, and +Persians: Texephin, King of Arabia; Urabell, King of +Alexandria; Avitus, King of Bugia; Ospin, King of Algarve; +Facin, King of Barbary; Ailis, King of Malclos; Manuo, +King of Mecca; Ibrahim, King of Seville; and Almanzor, +King of Cordova. Then, marching to the city of Agen, he +took it, and sent word to Charles he would give him sixty +horse-load of gold, silver, and jewels, if he would acknowledge +his right to the sceptre. But Charles returned this +answer, "that he would acknowledge him no otherwise than +by slaying him whenever it should be his chance to meet +him in battle."</p> + +<p>The Emperor had by this time approached within four +miles of Agen, when, secretly dismissing his army, he proceeded +with only sixty soldiers to the mountain near the +city. There he left them, and changing his dress, came +with his shield reversed, after the custom of messengers in +time of war, accompanied by one soldier only to the +city; and when the people inquired his business, he informed +them he had brought a message from King Charles to +Argolander, whereupon he was admitted into his presence, +and addressed him in these words: "My King bids me +say, you may expect to see him, provided you will come out +with only sixty of your people to meet him." Now Argolander +little thought it was Charles himself to whom he was speaking, +who all the while took especial note of his person, and of +the weakest parts of the walls of the city, as well as of the +auxiliary kings that were then within it. Argolander then +armed himself, and Charles rejoined his sixty soldiers, and +soon after the two thousand that at first accompanied him. +But Argolander came out with seven thousand men, thinking +to slay the Emperor, but was himself compelled to fly.</p> + +<p>The King then recruited his army, and besieged the city +for six months. On the seventh his battering rams, wooden +castles, and other engines, were ready to storm it; but +Argolander and the rest of the Kings made their escape in +the night through the common sewers, and, passing up the +Garonne, got clear off. Charles entered the city in triumph +the next day, and slew ten thousand of the remaining +Saracens.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the City of Xaintonge, where the Spears grew.</i> +</p> + +<p>Argolander now came to Xaintonge, at that time under +the dominion of the Saracens; but Charles pursuing him, +summoned him to restore the city, which Argolander refused, +resolving first to fight, and that it should be the conqueror's +reward. But on the eve of battle, when the +battering rams were ready to attack the castle in the +meadows, called Taleburg, and that part of the city near the +river Carenton, certain of the Christians fixed their spears +in the ground before the castle, and on the morrow found +them covered with bark and branches. Those therefore +that were to receive the crown of martyrdom perished in +the fight, after slaying a multitude of the Saracens, namely, +about four thousand men. The King's horse was likewise +slain under him, but valiantly placing himself at the head of +his infantry, he slew so many of his enemies that they were +forced back into the city, which Charles invested on every +side but the river, through which Argolander made his escape, +with the loss of the Kings of Algarve and Bugia, and about +four thousand of his army.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of Argolander's Flight, and of the King's Warriors.</i> +</p> + +<p>Argolander fled beyond the passes of the Pyrenees, and +came to Pampeluna, where he sent Charles word he would +stay for him. Charles then returned to France, and with +the utmost diligence summoned his troops from all parts to +his assistance, proclaiming free pardon to all banished persons, +on condition they would join him against the Pagans. +What further? He liberated all the prisoners; made the +poor rich; clothed the naked; reconciled the disaffected; +bestowed honours on the disinherited; preferred the most +experienced to the best commands; making friends of +enemies, and associating both the civilized and the barbarian +in the war of Spain, uniting them through the favour of God +in the bond of love. Then did I, Turpin, absolve them +from their sins, and give them my benediction.</p> + +<p>These are the names of the warriors that attended the +King:—Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims, who by the precepts +of Christ, and for his faith's sake, brought the people to +fight valiantly, fighting likewise himself hand to hand with +the Saracens. Orlando, General of the whole army, Count +of Mans and Lord of Guienne, the King's nephew, son of +Milo de Angleris and Bertha the King's sister. His soldiers +were four thousand. Another Orlando likewise, of +whom we are silent. Oliver, a General also, and a valiant +soldier, renowned for strength and skill in war, led three +thousand troops. Aristagnus, King of Brittany, seven thousand. +Another King of Brittany, of whom little mention is +made. Angelerus, Duke of Aquitaine, brought four thousand +valiant bowmen. At this time likewise there was in the +city of Poictiers another Duke of Aquitaine, but Angelerus +was the son of Gascon, Duke of the city of Aquitaine, +lying between Limorge, Bourges, and Poictiers, which city +Augustus Cæsar founded; and the rest of the cities, as well +as Xaintonge and Angoulême, with their provinces, were +subject to it; the whole country was also called Aquitaine. +But after the death of its lord, who perished with all his +people in the fatal battle of Ronceval, it was never fresh +colonized, and fell utterly to ruin.</p> + +<p>Gayfere, King of Bordeaux, led three thousand warriors. +Galerus, Galinus Solomon, Estolfo's friend and companion; +Baldwin, Orlando's brother, Galdebode, King of Friezeland, +led seven thousand heroes; Ocellus, Count of Nantes, two +thousand, who achieved many memorable actions, celebrated +in songs to this day. Lambert, Count of Berry, led two +thousand men. Rinaldo of the White Thorn, Vulterinus +Garinus, Duke of Lorraine, four thousand. Hago, Albert +of Burgundy, Berard de Miblis, Gumard, Esturinite, Theodoric, +Juonius, Beringaire, Hato, and Ganalon, who afterwards +proved the traitor, attended the King into Spain. +The army of the King's own territory was forty thousand +horse and foot innumerable.</p> + +<p>These were all famous heroes and warriors, mighty in +battle, illustrious in worldly honour, zealous soldiers of +Christ, that spread his name far and near, wherever they +came. For even as our Lord and his twelve Apostles subdued +the world by their doctrine, so did Charles, King of +the French and Emperor of the Romans, recover Spain to +the glory of God. And now the troops, assembling in +Bordeaux, overspread the country for the space of two days' +journey, and the noise they made was heard at twelve miles +distance. Arnold of Berlanda first traversed the pass of the +Pyrenees, and came to Pampeluna. Then came Astolfo, +followed by Aristagnus; Angelerus, Galdebode, Ogier the +King, and Constantine, with their several divisions. Charles +and his troops brought up the rear, covering the whole land +from the river of Rume to the mountains, that lie three +leagues beyond them on the Compostella road. They now +halted for eight days. In the interval Charles sent Argolander +word, if he would restore the city he had built, he +would return home, or otherwise wage cruel war against him: +but Argolander, finding he could not keep possession of the +city, resolved to march out, rather than tamely perish in it. +Charles then granted him a truce to draw out his army and +prepare for battle; expressing moreover his willingness to +see him face to face, as Argolander wished.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Truce, and of the Discourse between the King and Argolander.</i> +</p> + +<p>A truce thus being granted, Argolander drew out his people +from the city, and attended by sixty guards came into the +King's presence, who was at this time encamped about a +mile from Pampeluna. The two armies occupied a spacious +plain six miles square, separated by the main road to Compostella.</p> + +<p>When Charles perceived Argolander, he addressed +him in these words:</p> + +<p>"You are, then, he that have fraudulently taken possession +of my territories in Spain and Gascony, which I conquered +by the favour of God, and reduced to the faith of +Christ. You have perverted the princes from my allegiance, +and slain the Christians with the edge of the sword. Availing +yourself of my return to Gaul, you have destroyed my +towns and castles, and laid waste the territory with fire +and sword. At present, therefore, you have the advantage +of me."</p> + +<p>Now when Argolander heard the King speak in the +Arabic tongue, he was greatly pleased and astonished, for +Charles had learnt it in his youth in the city of Thoulouse, +where he had spent some time. Argolander then answered +in these terms: "I wonder you should reason thus, for the +territory did not belong to you; neither was it your father's, +grandfather's, or great-grandfather's. Why then did you +take possession of it?" "Because," replied Charles, "our +Lord Jesus Christ, the creator of heaven and earth, elected +us in preference to others, and gave us dominion over all +the earth: therefore I endeavoured to convert the Saracens +to the Christian faith."—"It would be unworthy of us to +submit to you," rejoined Argolander, "when our own faith +is best. We have Mahomet, a prophet of God, whose precepts +we obey. Therefore we have a powerful God, who +through his prophet has declared his will, and by him we live +and reign." "O Argolander," said the King, "how widely +do you err! You follow the vain precepts of a man; we +believe and worship Father, Son, and Holy Ghost: you +worship mortal man. After death our souls are received +into Paradise, and enjoy everlasting life, but yours descend +to the abyss of hell. Wherefore our faith is evidently best. +Accept then baptism, or fight and perish."</p> + +<p>"Far be it from me," said Argolander, "to accept baptism, +and deny Mahomet and my God! But I will fight +you on these terms: if your faith is best, you shall gain the +victory, otherwise heaven shall give it to me; and let shame +be the portion of the conquered, but eternal glory reward +the conqueror. Furthermore, if my people are subdued, +and I survive the contest, I will receive baptism."</p> + +<p>These terms being mutually agreed, twenty Christians +were sent against twenty Saracens, and the battle commenced. +What further? Nearly all the Saracens fell. +Forty were then sent against forty, and they were defeated +also. A hundred then fought together; but the Saracens +turned their backs from the face of the Christians, and were +all slain. Are not these Christians then types for us? Does +it not argue that we likewise should fight manfully against +our sins; should face our spiritual enemies, and never +ignobly yield to them, since they will infallibly lead us into +perdition? He only, says the Apostle, shall receive the +crown that fights the good fight, and overcomes.</p> + +<p>Two hundred Saracens were then sent out, and were all +slain; lastly a thousand, who shared the same fate. A truce +being then granted, Argolander promised to be baptized +on the morrow with all his people, and, calling his Kings +and Captains together, told them his intention, to which +they likewise assented, few only refusing to follow his +example.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the King's Banquet, and of the Poor, at whom Argolander took<br /> +so +great Offence that he refused to be Baptized.</i></p> + + +<p>On the third day Argolander attended the King, as he +promised, and found him at dinner. Many tables were +spread at which the guests were sitting; some in military +uniform; some in black; some in Priests' habits; which +Argolander perceiving, inquired what they were? "Those +you see in robes of one colour," replied the King, "are +priests and bishops of our holy religion, who expound the +gospel to us, absolve us from our offences, and bestow +heavenly benediction. Those in black are monks and +abbots; all of them holy men, who implore incessantly the +divine favour in our behalf." But in the meantime Argolander +espying thirty poor men in mean habiliments, without +either table or table-cloth, sitting and eating their scanty +meals upon the ground, he inquired what they were? +"These," replied the King, "are people of God, the +messengers of our Lord Jesus, whom in his and his Apostles +names we feed daily." Argolander then made this reply: +"The guests at your table are happy; they have plenty of +the best food set before them; but those you call the +messengers of God, whom you feed in his name, are ill fed, +and worse clothed, as if they were of no estimation. Certainly +he must serve God but indifferently who treats his +messengers in this manner, and thus do you prove your +religion false." Argolander then refused to be baptized, +and, returning to his army, prepared for battle on the +morrow.</p> + +<p>Charles, seeing the mischief his neglect of these poor +men had occasioned, ordered them to be decently clothed +and better fed. Here then we may note the Christian +incurs great blame who neglects the poor. If Charles, +from inattention to their comfort, thereby lost the opportunity +of converting the Saracens, what will be the lot of those +who treat them still worse? They will hear this sentence +pronounced—"Depart from me, ye cursed, into everlasting +fire; for I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat; naked, +and ye clothed me not."</p> + +<p>We must consider likewise that our faith in Christ is of +little value without good works. As the body, says the +Apostle, without the soul is dead, so is faith dead if it +produce not good fruit. And as the Pagan King refused +baptism because he found something wrong after it, so our +Lord, I fear, will refuse our baptism at the day of judgment +if superfluity of faults be found in us.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Battle of Pampeluna, and Argolander's Death.</i> +</p> + +<p>Both armies now prepared for battle in the morning, contending +for their different faiths. The King mustered one +hundred and thirty thousand men, but Argolander only one +hundred thousand. The Christians formed themselves into +four squadrons; the Saracens into five; whose first corps +being speedily discomfited, they all joined in one phalanx, +with Argolander in the midst. The Christians then surrounded +them on all sides. First Arnaldo de Berlanda +and his troops; then Astolfo; next Aristagnus, Galdebode, +Ogier, and Constantine; lastly the King himself, and his +innumerable warriors. Arnaldo was the first that broke in +upon the enemy, overthrowing them right and left till he +reached Argolander himself in the centre, and slew him +with his own hand. Then ensued a great shout, and the +Christians, rushing in upon the Saracens, slew them on all +sides, making so great a slaughter that none escaped but +the Kings of Seville and Cordova, and a few of their troops. +So great, indeed, was the effusion of blood, that the Christians +waded in it to their very knees. They slew likewise +all the Saracens left in the city. Charles fought for the +faith, and therefore triumphed over Argolander. Note then, +O Christian, that whatsoever thou undertakest thou likewise +shalt accomplish if thou hast faith, for all things are +possible to them that believe. Greatly rejoiced at this +victory, the King marched forward, and came to the bridge +of Arge in the Compostella road.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Christians that returned unlawfully to Spoil the Dead.</i> +</p> + +<p>Certain of the Christians however, coveting the spoils of +the dead, returned that same night to the field of battle, and +loaded themselves with heaps of gold and silver. But as +they were returning to the camp, Almanzor, King of Cordova, +who had fled for refuge to the mountains with the Saracens +that made their escape, came pouring down, and slew them +all to the number of a thousand men. These, then, are +types of such as strive against sin, but afterwards relapse; +who, when they have overcome, continue not stedfast, but +seek unlawful pleasures, suffering themselves to be mastered +in turn by their grand adversary. So likewise the religious, +that forsake their vocations to re-engage in worldly concerns +and profits, lose the reward of eternal life, and entail upon +themselves everlasting perdition.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XVI" id="CHAPTER_XVI"></a>CHAPTER XVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the War of Furra.</i></p> + +<p>The day after the King was informed that a certain King +of Navarre, called Furra, designed to fight him at Mount +Garzim. Charles therefore prepared for battle; but desiring +to know who should perish in it, he entreated the Lord +to show him; whereupon in the morning a red cross appeared +on their shoulders behind. In order therefore to +preserve them, he confined them in his Oratory. Then +joining battle, Furra and three thousand of his troops were +slain. These were all Saracens of Navarre. The King +now returned to his Oratory, but found them all dead that +he had left in it, to the number of one hundred and fifty +men.</p> + +<p>"O holy band of Christian warriors, though the sword +slew you not, yet did you not lose the palm of victory, or +the prize of martyrdom!" Charles then made himself +master of the mountain and castle of Garzim, and subdued +the whole country of Navarre.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XVII" id="CHAPTER_XVII"></a>CHAPTER XVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the War with Ferracute,<br /> +and of Orlando's admirable Dispute +with him.</i></p> + + +<p>Charles now received news that a certain Giant, of the +name of Ferracute, of the race of Goliath, was come to +Nager, sent thither by Admiraldus, with twenty thousand +Turks of Babylon, to fight him. This Giant neither feared +spear nor dart, and was stronger than forty men. Charles +therefore marched to Nager, and Ferracute, hearing of his +arrival, sallied out from the city to challenge any warrior to +single combat.</p> + +<p>Charles then sent Ogier the Dacian, whom the Giant no +sooner perceived, than, leisurely approaching, he caught him +up under his right arm, as easily as he would a lamb, and +bore him off in sight of all his friends to the city; for the +Giant's stature was twelve cubits; his face a cubit long; +his nose a palm; his arms and thighs four cubits; and his +fingers three palms in length.</p> + +<p>Rinaldo of the White Thorn was next sent against him, +but he seized him in like manner, and imprisoned him with +Ogier. The King then sent Constantine and Ocellus, but, +seizing one under each arm, he bore them off likewise. He +then sent twenty warriors by pairs against him, but they +shared the same fate. Charles dared not then venture to +send more warriors: but Orlando with the King's permission +approached the Giant, who seized him instantly by the +right arm, and seated him upon his steed before him.</p> + +<p>But as he was bearing him to the city, Orlando, recovering +his strength, and trusting in the Almighty, seized the +Giant by the beard, and tumbled him from his horse, so +that both came to the ground together. Orlando, then, +thinking to slay the Giant, drew his sword, and struck at +him, but the blow fell upon his steed, and pierced him +through. The Giant being thus on foot, drew his enormous +sword, which Orlando perceiving, who had remounted his +own charger, struck him on the sword arm, and, though +he did not wound him, struck the sword out of his hand; +which greatly enraging Ferracute, he aimed a blow at +Orlando with his fist, but, missing him, hit his horse on the +forehead, and laid him dead on the spot. And now the +fight lasted till noon with fists and stones. The Giant then +demanded a truce till next day, agreeing to meet Orlando +without horse or spear. Each warrior then retired to his +post.</p> + +<p>Next morning they accordingly met once more. The +Giant brought a sword, but Orlando a long staff to ward off +the Giant's blows, who wearied himself to no purpose. +They now began to batter each other with stones, that lay +scattered about the field, till at last the Giant begged a +second truce, which being granted, he presently fell fast +asleep upon the ground. Orlando, taking a stone for a +pillow, quietly laid himself down also. For such was the +law of honour between the Christians and Saracens at that +time, that no one on any pretence dared to take advantage +of his adversary before the truce was expired, as in that +case his own party would have slain him.</p> + +<p>When Ferracute awoke, he found Orlando awake also, +who thereupon rose, and seated himself by the Giant's side, +inquiring how it came to pass he was so very strong? +"Because," replied the Giant, "I am only vulnerable in the +navel." Ferracute spoke in the Spanish language, which +Orlando understanding tolerably well, a conversation now +followed between them, which Ferracute recommenced by +inquiring his name, which Orlando told him. "And what +race are you of?" said the Giant. "Of the race of the +Franks."—"What law do you follow?" "The law of +Christ, so far as his grace permits me."—"Who is this +Christ in whom you profess to believe?" "The Son of God, +born of a Virgin, who took upon him our nature, was +crucified for us, rose again from the dead, and ascended into +heaven, where he sitteth on the right hand of his Father."</p> + +<p>"We believe," said Ferracute, "that the Creator of +heaven and earth is one God, and that, as he was not made +himself, so cannot another God spring from him. There is +therefore only one God, not three, as I understand you +Christians profess." "You say well," said Orlando; "there +is but one God, but your faith is imperfect; for as the +Father is God, so likewise is the Son, and so is the Holy +Ghost. Three persons, but one God."—"Nay," said Ferracute: +"if each of these three persons be God, there must be +three Gods."</p> + +<p>"By no means," replied Orlando; "he is both three and +one. The three persons are co-eternal and co-equal. +There is indeed distinction of person, but unity of essence, +and equality of majesty. Abraham saw three, but worshipped +one. Let us recur to natural things. When the harp +sounds, there is the art, the strings, and the hand, yet but +one harp. In the almond there is the shell, the coat, +and the kernel. In the sun, the body, the beams, and the +heat. In the wheel, the centre, the spokes, and the nave. +In you, likewise, there is the body, the members, and the +soul. In like manner may Trinity in Unity be ascribed to +God."</p> + +<p>"I now comprehend," replied Ferracute, "how God may +be three in one, but I know not how he begot the Son." +"Do you," answered Orlando, "believe that God made +Adam?"—"I do." "Adam himself was not, then, born of +any, and yet he begot sons. So God the Father is born of +none, yet of his own ineffable grace begot the Son from all +eternity."—"Your arguments," said the Giant, "please me +exceedingly, but still I am at a loss to know how he that +was God became man." "The Creator of heaven and +earth, who made all things out of nothing, could certainly," +said Orlando, "engender his Son of a pure Virgin, by divine +afflation."—"There lies the difficulty," returned Ferracute, +"how without human aid, as you affirm, he could spring +from the womb." "Surely," said Orlando, "God, who +formed Adam from no seed, could form his Son in like +manner; and as from God the Father he was without +Mother, so from his Mother did he spring without an earthly +Father."—"It makes me blush," said the Giant, "to think +that a virgin should conceive without a man." "He," +answered Orlando, "that causes the worm in the bean, and +many species of birds, beasts, and serpents, to engender without +the help of the male, could procure God and Man of a +pure Virgin without the help of Man. For as his power +enabled him to produce the first man from the ground, so +could he produce the second from a virgin."—"I grant it," +replied the Giant; "he might be born of a virgin; but if +he was the Son of God, how could he die, for God never +dies?" "That indeed is true," said Orlando; "as God, he +could not die; but when he took our nature upon him, and +was made man, he became subject to death, for every man +dies. As we believe his nativity, so may we likewise believe +his passion and resurrection."</p> + +<p>"And what is it we are to believe of his resurrection?" +inquired Ferracute. "That he died, and rose again the +third day."—The Giant, hearing this, was greatly astonished, +and exclaimed to Orlando, "Why do you talk so idly? It +is impossible that a man, after he is once dead, can return +to life again." "Not only did the Son of God rise from +the dead," replied Orlando, "but all the men that have died +since the creation of the world shall rise again, and appear +before his tribunal, where they shall be rewarded everyone +according to his deeds, whether they be good or evil. That +God, who makes the tree spring from the soil, and the +grain of wheat to rot in the ground, that it may revive with +fresh increase, can at the last day clothe the souls of men +with their own bodies, and restore them to life. Take the +mystic example of the lion, which on the third day revives +his dead cubs with his breath by licking them. What wonder, +then, that God should after three days revive his Son? +Nor ought it to seem strange that, as the Son of God rose +from the dead, many others of the dead should rise even +before his own resurrection. If Elijah and Elisha by the +power of God could perform this miracle, how much more +easily could the Father restore the Son, whom it was indeed +impossible that Death could retain in his fetters. Death +fled at his sight, as he shall fly likewise at the sound of his +voice, when the whole phalanx of the dead shall rise again."—"Enough," +said Ferracute, "I clearly perceive all this; but +how could he ascend into heaven?" "He that descended," +answered Orlando, "could easily ascend. He that rose of +himself could enter the skies in triumph. Does not the +wheel of the mill descend low, and return to its height +again? Does not the bird in the air ascend and descend? +Can you not yourself come down from a mountain, and return +thither? Did not the sun yesterday rise in the east +and set in the west, and yet rise again in the east to-day? +To that place from whence the Son of God descended, did +he likewise ascend."</p> + +<p>"Well," said Ferracute, "to end our arguments, I will +fight you on these terms: If the faith you profess be the +true faith, you shall conquer; otherwise the victory shall be +mine; and let the issue be eternal honour to the conqueror, +but dishonour to the vanquished." "Be it so!" said +Orlando: whereupon they immediately fell to blows. But +the very first which the Giant aimed at him would have +certainly been fatal, if Orlando had not nimbly leaped +aside, and caught it on his staff, which was however cut in +twain. The Giant, seeing his advantage, then rushed in +upon him, and both came to the ground together. Orlando +then, finding it impossible to escape, instantly implored the +divine assistance, and, feeling himself re-invigorated, sprung +upon his feet, when, seizing the Giant's sword, he thrust +it into his navel, and made his escape. Ferracute, finding +himself mortally wounded, called aloud upon Mahomet; +which the Saracens hearing, sallied from the city, and bore +him off in their arms. Orlando returned safe to the camp; +the Christians then boldly attacked the city, and carried it +by storm. The Giant and his people were slain, his castle +taken, and all the Christian warriors liberated.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XVIII" id="CHAPTER_XVIII"></a>CHAPTER XVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>The War of the Masks.</i></p> + +<p>Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, +and Almanzor, who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, +had gathered together at Cordova a body of troops from +seven<a href="#mt1"><small><sup>1</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt1r" id="mt1r"></a> +of the neighbouring cities of Seville. Thither then +did the King pursue his march with six thousand men, and +found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles +from the city. The King formed his army into three divisions. +The first composed of his best troops, all cavalry; +the two last, foot. The Saracens formed theirs in a similar +manner. But when the King in person advanced against +the first squadrons of Pagans, he found them all disguised +in bearded masks, with horns upon their heads, like demons, +making so strange a din with their hands upon their drums +and other instruments, that the horses were terrified, and +galloped back in spite of all their riders could do to prevent +them. Whereupon the foot retreated likewise to an adjacent +mountain, where, uniting in one squadron, they stopped for +the Saracens, who would then advance no further, but +gave our people time to pitch their tents, and encamp that +night.</p> + +<p>Charles then called a council of his captains, and agreed +to tie bandages over their horses' eyes, and to stuff their +ears, in order to disconcert this stratagem on the morrow. +Admirable experiment! For now we fought the enemy +from morning till night, and slew a great number, though it +was by no means a general slaughter; for the Saracens, +again joining in martial array, brought forward a castle, +drawn by eight oxen, with a certain red banner waving upon +it, which so long as they saw present, it was their rule never +to fly. The King, knowing this, armed himself with a +strong breast-plate, a mighty spear, and invincible sword, +and, aided by divine assistance, hewed his way through his +enemies, overturning them to right and left, till he reached +the car, when, cutting the flag-pole with his sword, the +Saracens instantly fled in all directions. Prodigious shouts +were made by both armies. We then slew eight thousand +Moors, together with Ibrahim, King of Seville. Almanzor +made good his retreat into the city, but submitted to +Charles the day after, consenting to be baptized, and to do +homage for his dominions.</p> + +<p>The King now divided the conquered countries of Spain +amongst his soldiers. Navarre and Bearn he gave to the +inhabitants of Brittany; Castile to the Franks; Nadres and +Saragossa to the Apulians; Arragon to the Ponthieuse; +Andalusia, on the sea-coast, to the Germans; and Portugal +to the Dacians and Flemings. But the French would not +settle in the mountain parts of Gallicia. Thus there seemed +to be no more foes in Spain to hurt the Emperor.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XIX" id="CHAPTER_XIX"></a>CHAPTER XIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Council the Emperor summoned; and of his <br /> +Journey to +Compostella.</i></p> + + +<p>Charles then sent away the greatest part of his troops, and +came to Gallicia, where he behaved very liberally to the +Christians he found there, but either put to death or banished +those that had revolted to the Moorish faith. He then +appointed bishops and prelates in every city, and, assembling +a council of the chief dignitaries in Compostella, decreed +that the church of St. James should be henceforth considered +as the Metropolitan, instead of Iria, as it was no +city, subjecting Iria likewise to Compostella. In the same +council I, Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims, together with +forty other Bishops and Prelates, dedicated, by the King's +command, the church and altar of St. James, with extraordinary +splendour and magnificence. All Spain and Gallicia +were made subject to this holy place: it was moreover +endowed with four pieces of money from every house +throughout the kingdom, and at the same time totally freed +from the royal jurisdiction; being from that hour styled +the Apostolic See, as the body of the holy Apostle laid +entombed within it. Here likewise the general councils of +Spain are held; the Bishops ordained, and the Kings +crowned by the hand of the Metropolitan Bishop, to the +Apostle's honour. Here too, when any crying sin is committed, +or innovations made in the faith and precepts of +our Lord, through the meritoriousness of this venerable +edifice the grievance is discovered, and atonement +made. As the Eastern Apostolic See was established +by St. John, the brother of St. James, at Ephesus, so was +the Western established by St. James.</p> + +<p>And those Sees are undoubtedly the true Sees. Ephesus +on the right hand of Christ's earthly kingdom, and Compostella +on the left, both which fell to the share of the sons +of Zebedee, according to their request. There are, then, +three Sees which are deservedly held pre-eminent, even as +our Lord gave the pre-eminence to the three Apostles, +Peter, James, and John, who first established them. And +certainly these three places should be deemed more sacred +than others, where they preached, and their bodies lie enshrined. +Rome claims the superiority from Peter, Prince +of the Apostles. Compostella holds the second place from +St. James, the elder brother of St. John, and first inheritor +of the crown of martyrdom. He dignified it with his +preaching, consecrated it with his sepulchre, and ceases not +to exalt it by miracles and dispensations of mercy. The +third See justly is Ephesus; for there St. John wrote his +gospel, "In the beginning was the Word," assembling there +likewise the bishops of the neighbouring cities, whom he +calls Angels in the Apocalypse. He established that +church by his doctrines and miracles, and there his body +was entombed. If, therefore, any difficulty should occur +that cannot elsewhere be resolved, let it <ins title="original lacks be">be</ins> brought before +these Sees, and it shall, by divine grace, be decided. As +Gallicia was freed in these early ages from the Saracen +yoke, by the favour of God and St. James, and by the +King's valour, so may it continue firm in the orthodox +faith till the consummation of ages!</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XX" id="CHAPTER_XX"></a>CHAPTER XX.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Emperor's Person and Courage.</i></p> + + +<p>The Emperor was of a ruddy complexion, with brown +hair; of a well-made handsome form, but a stern visage. +His height was about eight of his own feet, which were +very long. He was of a strong robust make; his legs and +thighs very stout, and his sinews firm. His face was thirteen +inches long; his beard a palm; his nose half a palm; +his forehead a foot over. His lion-like eyes flashed fire +like carbuncles; his eyebrows were half a palm over. When +he was angry, it was a terror to look upon him. He required +eight spans for his girdle, besides what hung loose. +He ate sparingly of bread; but a whole quarter of lamb, +two fowls, a goose, or a large portion of pork; a peacock, +crane, or a whole hare. He drank moderately of wine +and water. He was so strong, that he could at a single +blow cleave asunder an armed soldier on horseback from +the head to the waist, and the horse likewise. He easily +vaulted over four horses harnessed together; and could raise +an armed man from the ground to his head, as he stood erect +upon his hand.</p> + +<p>He was liberal, just in his decrees, and fluent of speech. +Four days in the year, especially during his residence in +Spain, he held a solemn assembly at court, adorning himself +with his royal crown and sceptre; namely, on Christmas-day, +at Easter, Whitsuntide, and on the festival of St. James. +A naked sword, after the imperial fashion, was then borne +before him. A hundred and twenty orthodox soldiers +matched nightly round his couch, in three courses of forty +each. A drawn sword was laid at his right hand, and a +lighted candle at his left. Although many would delight to +read his great actions, they would be too tedious to relate. +How he invested Galifer, Admiral of Coleto, where he was +banished, with the military order, and, in return for his +kindness, slew Bramantes, his enemy, the proud Saracen +King; how many kingdoms and countries he conquered; +Abbeys he founded; bodies of the saints and relics he enshrined +in gold; how he was made Emperor of Rome, and +visited the holy supulchre, bringing back with him the wood +of the Holy Cross, wherewith he endowed the shrine of St. +James; of all this I shall say no more: the hand and the +pen would sooner fail than the history. But what befel +his army at his return to France, we now briefly proceed +to tell.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXI" id="CHAPTER_XXI"></a>CHAPTER XXI.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Treachery of Ganalon;<br /> +the Battle of Ronceval,<br /> +and the +Sufferings of the Christian Warriors.</i></p> + +<p>When this famous Emperor had thus recovered Spain to +the glory of our Lord and St. James, after a season he returned +to Pampeluna, and encamped there, with his army. +At that time there were in Saragossa two Saracen Kings, +Marsir, and Beligard, his brother, sent by the Soldan of +Babylon from Persia to Spain. Charles had bowed them +to his dominion, and they served him always, but only with +feigned fidelity. For the King having sent Ganalon to +require them to be baptized, and to pay tribute, they sent +him thirty horse-load of gold, silver, and jewels; forty load +of wine likewise for his soldiers, and a thousand beautiful +Saracen women. But at the same time they covenanted +with Ganalon to betray the King's army into their hands +for twenty horse-load of gold and silver; which wicked +compact being accordingly made, Ganalon returned to the +King with intelligence that Marsir would embrace the +Christian faith, and was preparing to follow him into France +to receive baptism there, and would then hold all Spain +under oath of fealty to him. The old soldiers would accept +the wine only, but the young men were highly gratified with +the present of the women.</p> + +<p>Charles, confiding in Ganalon, now began his march +through the pass of the mountains, in his return to France; +giving the command of the rear to his nephew, Orlando, +Count of Mans and Lord of Guienne, and to Oliver, Count +of Auvergne, ordering them to keep the station of Ronceval +with thirty thousand men, whilst he passed it with the rest +of the army. But many, who had on the night preceding +intoxicated themselves with wine, and been guilty of fornication +with the Saracen women, and other women that +followed the camp from France, incurred the penalty of +death. What more shall we say? When Charles had safely +passed the narrow strait that leads into Gascony, between +the mountains, with twenty thousand of his warriors, Turpin, +the Archbishop, and Ganalon, and while the rear kept +guard, early in the morning Marsir and Beligard, rushing +down from the hills, where, by Ganalon's advice, they had +lain two days in ambush, formed their troops into two great +divisions, and with the first of twenty thousand men attacked +our army, which making a bold resistance, fought from +morning to the third hour, and utterly destroyed the enemy. +But a fresh body of thirty thousand Saracens now poured +furiously down upon the Christians, already faint and exhausted +with fighting so long, and smote them from high to +low, so that scarcely one escaped. Some were transpierced +with lances; some killed with clubs; others beheaded, +burnt, flayed alive, or suspended on trees: only Orlando, +Baldwin, and Theodoric, were left; the two last gained the +woods, and finally escaped. After this terrible slaughter the +Saracens retreated a league from the field of battle.</p> + +<p>And here it may be asked, why God permitted those to +perish who in no wise had defiled themselves with women? +It was, indeed, to prevent them from committing fresh sins +at their return home and to give them a crown of glory in +reward for their toils. However neither is it to be doubted but +those who were guilty of this fault amply atoned for it by +their death. In that awful hour they confessed his name, +bewailing their sins, and the all-merciful God forgot not +their past labours for the sake of Christ, for whose faith +they lost their lives. The company of women is evidently +baneful to the warrior: those earthly Princes Darius and +Mark Antony were attended by their women, and perished; +for lust at once enervates the soul and the body.</p> + +<p>Those who fell into intoxication and lasciviousness typify +the priests that war against vice, but suffer themselves to be +overcome by wine and sensual appetites till they are slain +by their enemy the devil, and punished with eternal death.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXII" id="CHAPTER_XXII"></a>CHAPTER XXII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Death of Marsir, and the Flight of Beligard.</i></p> + +<p>As Orlando was returning after the battle was over to view +the Saracen army, he met a certain black Saracen, who had +fled from the field, and concealed himself in the woods, +whom he seized and bound to a tree with four bands. Then, +ascending a lofty hill, he surveyed the Moorish army, and +seeing likewise many Christians retreating by the Ronceval +road he blew his horn, and was joined by about a hundred +of them, with whom he returned to the Saracen, and promised +to give him his life if he would show him Marsir; +which having performed, he set him at liberty. Animating +his little band, Orlando was soon amidst the thickest of the +enemy, and finding one of larger stature than the rest, he +hewed him and his horse in twain, so that the halves fell +different ways. Marsir and his companions then fled in all +directions, but Orlando, trusting in the divine aid, rushed +forward, and overcoming all opposition, slew Marsir on the +spot. By this time every one of the Christians was slain, +and Orlando himself sorely wounded in five places by +lances, and grievously battered likewise with stones. Beligard, +seeing Marsir had fallen, retired from the field with +the rest of the Saracens; whilst Theodoric and Baldwin, +and some few other Christians, made their way through the +pass, towards which Orlando, wandering, came likewise to +the foot of it, and, alighting from his steed, stretched himself +on the ground, beneath a tree, near a block of marble, +that stood upright in the meadows of Ronceval.</p> + +<p>Here drawing his sword, <ins title="orignal reads Durenda">Durendal</ins>, which signifies a hard +blow, a sword of exquisite workmanship, fine temper, and +resplendent brightness, which he would sooner have lost +his arm than parted with, as he held it in his hand, regarding +it earnestly, addressed it in these words: "O sword of +unparalleled brightness, excellent dimensions, admirable +temper, and hilt of the whitest ivory, decorated with a +splendid cross of gold, topped by a berylline apple, engraved +with the sacred name of God, endued with keenness +and every other virtue, who now shall wield thee in battle? +who shall call thee master? He that possessed thee was +never conquered, never daunted at the foe; phantoms +never appalled him. Aided by Omnipotence, with thee did +he destroy the Saracen, exalt the faith of Christ, and +acquire consummate glory. Oft hast thou vindicated the +blood of Jesus, against Pagans, Jews, and heretics; oft +hewed off the hand and foot of the robber, fulfilling divine +justice. O happy sword, keenest of the keen; never was +one like thee! He that made thee, made not thy fellow! +Not one escaped with life from thy stroke! If the slothful +timid soldier should now possess thee, or the base Saracen, +my grief would be unspeakable! Thus, then, do I prevent +thy falling into their hands."—He then struck the block of +marble thrice, which cleft it in the midst, and broke the +sword in twain.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXIII" id="CHAPTER_XXIII"></a>CHAPTER XXIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of the Sound of Orlando's Horn; of his Confession, and Death.</i></p> + +<p>He now blew a loud blast with his horn, to summon any +Christian concealed in the adjacent woods to his assistance, +or to recal his friends beyond the pass. This horn was endued +with such power, that all other horns were split by its +sound; and it is said that Orlando at that time blew it with +such vehemence, that he burst the veins and nerves of his +neck. The sound reached the King's ears, who lay encamped +in the valley still called by his name, about eight +miles from Ronceval, towards Gascony, being carried so +far by supernatural power. Charles would have flown to +his succour, but was prevented by Ganalon, who, conscious +of Orlando's sufferings, insinuated it was usual with him to +sound his horn on light occasions. "He is, perhaps," said +he, "pursuing some wild beast, and the sound echoes +through the woods; it will be fruitless, therefore, to seek +him." O wicked traitor, deceitful as Judas! What dost +thou merit?</p> + +<p>Orlando now grew very thirsty, and cried for water to +Baldwin, who just then approached him; but unable to find +any, and seeing him so near his end, he blessed him, and, +again mounting his steed, galloped off for assistance to the +army. Immediately after Theodoric came up, and, bitterly +grieving to see him in this condition, bade him strengthen +his soul by confessing his faith. Orlando had that morning +received the blessed Eucharist, and confessed his sins before +he went to battle, this being the custom with all the warriors +at that time, for which purpose bishops and monks attended +the army to give them absolution. The martyr of Christ +then cast up his eyes to heaven, and cried, "O Lord Jesus, +for whose sake I came into these barbarous regions; through +thy aid only have I conquered innumerable Pagans, enduring +blows and wounds, reproach, derision, and fatigue, heat +and cold, hunger and thirst. To thee do I commit my soul +in this trying hour. Thou, who didst suffer on the cross for +those who deserved not thy favour, deliver my soul, I beseech +thee, from eternal death! I confess myself a most grievous +sinner, but thou mercifully dost forgive our sins; thou pitiest +every one, and hatest nothing which thou hast made, covering +the sins of the penitent in whatsoever day they turn unto +thee with true contrition. O thou, who didst spare thy +enemies, and the woman taken in adultery; who didst pardon +Mary Magdalen, and look with compassion on the +weeping Peter; who didst likewise open the gate of Paradise +to the thief that confessed thee upon the cross; have +mercy upon me, and receive my soul into thy everlasting +rest!</p> + +<p>"Thou art he who preventest our bodies from perishing +in the grave, changing them to greater glory; thou, O Lord, +art he, who hast said, 'thou rather wouldst the sinner should +live than die.' I believe in thee with my whole heart, and +confess thee with my lips; therefore I beseech thee to receive +me into the enjoyment of a better life when this is +ended. Let my sense and intellects be in the same measure +improved as the shadow differs from the substance." And +now, grasping the flesh and skin near his heart (as Theodoric +afterwards related), he continued his speech with +bitter groanings. "O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, and +of the blessed Virgin, with my inmost soul do I confess that +thou, my Redeemer, dost live, and that at the day of judgment +I shall rise, and in my flesh behold thee, my God and +my Saviour!" And thrice, thus grasping his breast, did he +repeat those words; and, laying his hand upon his eyes in +like manner, he said, "And these eyes shall behold thee!" +Uncovering them, he again looked up to heaven, and, signing +himself with the sign of the cross, he uttered, "All +earthly things are vain and unprofitable; I am now taught +of Christ, that eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither +hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive, the good +things that God hath prepared for them that love him." +Then, stretching his hands to heaven, he uttered this +prayer for them that perished in the battle:—</p> + +<p>"Let thy bowels of compassion, O Lord, be open to thy +faithful servants, who have this day perished by the hand of +the barbarians. Hither did they come to vindicate thy +faith; for thy sake are they fallen. Do thou, O Lord, +mercifully blot out their offences, accounting them worthy +to be delivered from the pains of hell. Send thy archangels +to rescue their souls from darkness, and bear them to the +regions of light, where thy blessed martyrs eternally live +and reign with thee, who dost live and reign with God the +Father and the Holy Spirit, to all ages. Amen!"—Immediately +after this confession and prayer, his soul winged its +flight from his body, and was borne by angels to Paradise, +where he reigns in transcendent glory, united by his meritorious +deeds to the blessed choir of martyrs.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXIV" id="CHAPTER_XXIV"></a>CHAPTER XXIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Of Orlando's Rank and Virtue.</i></p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p class="noindent"> +No longer it becomes the heart to mourn<br /> + <span class="ind1">A hero of immortal joys possessed;</span><br /> +Of noble rank, and noble parents born,<br /> + <span class="ind1">For nobler deeds in heaven with glory blest.</span> + </p> + + + <p class="noindent"> +To none inferior, thine was native worth;<br /> + <span class="ind2">Thy feet still tending to the temple's bounds;</span><br /> +A glorious model to the wondering earth,<br /> + <span class="ind1">A faithful balsam to thy country's wounds.</span> + </p> + +<p class="noindent"> +The Clergy's refuge, and the Widow's friend,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Bounteous to guests, and liberal to the poor;</span><br /> +To heaven thy parting steps may safely bend,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Whose works have opened wide salvation's door.</span> + </p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Thy tongue the fount of heavenly eloquence,<br /> + <span class="ind1">That still would slake the thirst, and never pall,</span><br /> +Endowed with graceful wit, and manly sense,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Proclaimed thee common father, friend of all.</span> + </p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Blest Chief, farewell! but not the marbled urn<br /> + <span class="ind1">That holds thy ashes can thy soul contain:</span><br /> +Our wondering eyes to heaven above we turn,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Where thou for ever dost triumphant reign.</span> + </p> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXV" id="CHAPTER_XXV"></a>CHAPTER XXV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Archbishop Turpin's Vision, and the King's Lamentation for +Orlando.</i></p> + + +<p>What more shall we say? Whilst the soul of the blessed +Orlando was leaving his body, I, Turpin, standing near the +King in the valley of Charles, at the moment I was celebrating +the mass of the dead, namely, on the 16th day of +June, fell into a trance, and, hearing the angelic choir sing +aloud, I wondered what it might be. Now, when they +had ascended on high, behold, there came after them a +phalanx of terrible ones, like warriors returning from the +spoil, bearing their prey. Presently I inquired of one of +them what it meant, and was answered, "We are bearing +the soul of Marsir to hell, but yonder is Michael bearing +the Horn-winder to heaven." When mass was over, I told +the King what I had seen; and whilst I was yet speaking, +behold Baldwin rode up on Orlando's horse, and related +what had befallen him, and where he had left the hero in the +agonies of death, beside a stone in the meadows at the foot +of the mountain; whereupon the whole army immediately +marched back to Ronceval.</p> + +<p>The King himself first discovered the hero, lying in the +form of a cross, and began to lament over him with bitter +sighs and sobs, wringing his hands, and tearing his hair and +beard. "O right arm," cried he, "of thy Sovereign's body; +honour of the French; sword of justice, inflexible spear, +inviolable breast-plate, shield of safety; a Judas Maccabeus +in probity, a Samson in strength; in death like Saul and +Jonathan; brave, experienced soldier, great and noble +defender of the Christians, scourge of the Saracens; a wall +to the clergy, the widow's and orphan's friend, just and +faithful in judgment!—Renowned Count of the French, +valiant captain of our armies, why did I leave thee here to +perish? How can I behold thee dead, and not die myself? +Why hast thou left me sorrowful and alone? A poor +miserable King! But thou art exalted to the kingdom of +heaven, and dost enjoy the company of angels and martyrs. +Without cease I shall lament over thee, as David did over +Saul and Jonathan, and his son Absalom.</p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<p class="noindent"> +Thy soul is fled to happier scenes above,<br /> + <span class="ind1">And left us mourning to lament thee here;</span><br /> +Blest in thy God and Saviour's fav'ring love,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Who wipes from every eye the trickling tear.</span> + </p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Six lustres and eight years thou dwelledst below,<br /> + <span class="ind1">But snatched from earth to heaven, thou reign'st on high,</span><br /> +Where feasts divine immortal spirits know,<br /> + <span class="ind1">And joys transcendent fill the starry sky.</span> + </p> +</div> + +<p>Thus did Charles mourn for Orlando to the very last day +of his life. On the spot where he died he encamped; +and caused the body to be embalmed with balsam, myrrh, +and aloes. The whole camp watched it that night, honouring +his corse with hymns and songs, and innumerable +torches and fires kindled on the adjacent mountains.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXVI" id="CHAPTER_XXVI"></a>CHAPTER XXVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How the Sun stood still for three Days;<br /> +the Slaughter of +four +thousand Saracens; and the<br /> +Death of Ganalon.</i></p> + +<p>Early on the next day they came to the field of battle in +Ronceval, and found the bodies of their friends, many of +them still alive, but mortally wounded. Oliver was lying +on his face, pinioned to the ground in the form of a cross, +and flayed from the neck to his finger-ends; pierced also +with darts and javelins, and bruised with clubs. The +mourning was now dismal; every one wept for his friend, +till the groves and valleys resounded with wailing. Charles +solemnly vowed to pursue the Pagans till he found them; +and, marching in pursuit with his whole army, the sun +stood still for three days, till he overtook them on the +banks of the Ebro, near Saragossa, feasting and rejoicing +for their success. Attacking them valiantly, he then slew +four thousand, and dispersed the rest. What further? We +now returned to Ronceval, bearing with us the sick and +wounded to the spot where Orlando fell. The Emperor +then made strict inquiries after the treachery of Ganalon, +which began to be universally rumoured about. Trial was +ordained by single combat, Pinabel for Ganalon, and Theodoric +for the Accuser; when, the latter gaining the victory, +the treason was proved. Ganalon was now sentenced to be +torn to pieces by four wild horses, which was accordingly +his end.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXVII" id="CHAPTER_XXVII"></a>CHAPTER XXVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The Embalming of the Dead.</i></p> + + +<p>They now embalmed the dead bodies of their friends; +some with myrrh and balsam, some with salt, taking out +the bowels, and filling the bodies with aromatic drugs, or +with salt only. Some were buried on the spot; others +conveyed to France; but many that became putrid and +offensive were buried on the road. Wooden carriages were +made for the dead, but the sick and wounded were borne +away on litters upon their shoulders.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXVIII" id="CHAPTER_XXVIII"></a>CHAPTER XXVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the consecrated Cemeteries of Arles and Bordeaux.</i></p> + + +<p>Two chief burying grounds were now consecrated at Arles +and Bordeaux by seven Bishops: Maximin of Aix, Trophimus +of Arles, Paul of Narbonne, Saturnine of Thoulouse, +Frontorne of Perigord, Martial of Limoges, and Eutropius +of Xaintonge; where the major part of the warriors were +interred that fell in the battles of Ronceval and Mount +Garzim.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXIX" id="CHAPTER_XXIX"></a>CHAPTER XXIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the Burial of Orlando and his Companions<br /> +at Blaye and +other Places.</i></p> + + +<p>Charles deferred the burial of Orlando till he came to +Blaye. His body was laid upon gold tapestry on two mules, +covered with a pall, and at length honourably interred in +the Church of St Roman, which he had formerly built, and +endowed with regular canons. His helmet was placed upon +his head, and his ivory horn at his feet. But the body was +afterwards translated to St. Severin in Bordeaux, the chief +city of these provinces, where it was joyfully welcomed, as +it had liberally tasted his munificence.</p> + +<p>At Blaye likewise was buried Oliver, and Galdebode, +King of Friezeland; Ogier, King of Dacia; Aristagnus, +King of Brittany; Garin, Duke of Lorraine; and many +other warriors. Happy town, graced with the sepulchres +of so many heroes! At Bordeaux, in the cemetery of +St. Severin, were buried Gayfere, King of Bordeaux; +Angelerus, Duke of Aquitaine; Lambert, Prince of Bourges; +Galerius Galin; Rinaldo of the White Thorn; Walter of +the Olive Trees; Vulterinus, and five thousand of their +soldiers. Ocellus, Count of Nantes, and most of the inhabitants +of Brittany, were buried in that city. Charles gave +twelve thousand pieces of silver and talents of gold for +the repose of their souls, and fed the poor for many miles +round the city of Blaye; endowing the church likewise with +rich vestments and silver ornaments, for the love he bore +Orlando; freeing the Canons from all service but prayers +for him and his companions. He moreover clothed and +entertained thirty poor men on the anniversary of their +martyrdom, establishing Minstrels, Masses, and other +solemnities, which the Canons were not to neglect on that +day, as they hoped to merit a crown of glory, which they +promised to perform.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXX" id="CHAPTER_XXX"></a>CHAPTER XXX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of those Buried at Arles.</i></p> + + +<p>After this the King and his army proceeded by the way +of Gascony and Thoulouse, and came to Arles, where we +found the army of Burgundy, which had left us in the hostile +valley, bringing their dead by the way of Morbihan and +Thoulouse, to bury them in the plain of Arles. Here we +performed the rites of Estolfo, Count of Champagne; of +Solomon; Sampson, Duke of Burgundy; Arnold of Berlanda; +Alberic of Burgundy; Gumard, Esturinite, Hato, +Juonius, Berard, Berengaire, and Naaman, Duke of Bourbon, +and of ten thousand of their soldiers. Constantine, +Governor of Rome, and other Romans, were conveyed +thither by sea, and buried in Apulia. The King gave +twelve thousand pieces of silver, and as many talents of +gold, for the repose of their souls, and to the poor of +Arles.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXXI" id="CHAPTER_XXXI"></a>CHAPTER XXXI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the Council held at St. Denis.</i></p> + +<p>We then came to Vienne, where I remained to be healed +of the scars and wounds I received in Spain. The King, +much fatigued, at length arrived at Paris; and, assembling +a council of his chief princes and bishops at St. Denis, returned +thanks to God for his victory over the Pagans, and +gave all France as a manor to that church, in the same way +as St. Paul and St. Clement had formerly endowed the +bishopric of Rome. The French Bishops were likewise to +be ordained there, and not made subject to the See of +Rome. Then, standing by the tomb of St. Denis, he entreated +the Lord for all who had died in his cause.</p> + +<p>The very next night St. Denis appeared to the King in +his sleep, assuring him that full pardon of sin was granted +to all that followed him, and had fought and perished in +the wars with the Saracens; that they likewise should recover +of their wounds who had bestowed money on the +church; which being made known by the King, very +liberal offerings were made by the people, who thus acquired +the name of Franks; and the whole land, formerly called +Gaul, was now changed to France, as being freed from all +servitude, and having dominion over other nations. The +King then went to Aix-la-Chapelle, in the county of Liege, +to bathe and drink the waters, where he liberally endowed +St. Mary's Church with gold and silver, ordering it to be +painted with ancient and modern histories, and his palace +to be decorated with the representation of his wars in +Spain; with emblems of the seven liberal arts and other +excellent embellishments.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CHAPTER_XXXII" id="CHAPTER_XXXII"></a>CHAPTER XXXII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of the King's Death.</i></p> + +<p>Soon after, the King's approaching death was revealed to +me; for, behold, as I was praying in the church of Vienne, +I fell into a trance, as I was singing psalms, and saw innumerable +companies of soldiers pass before me by the Lorraine +road. A certain one, black as an Ethiop, followed them, +of whom I inquired whither he was going, and received for +answer that he was awaiting the death of Charles to take +possession of his soul. "I conjure you, then," said I, "by +the name of the Lord Jesus, to return when you have completed +your errand." When I had rested some time, and +begun to explain the psalms, behold they returned back, and, +speaking to the same person I before addressed, I inquired +whom he had been seeking, and was answered, "the Gallician;" +but the stones and timber of the churches he founded +balanced so greatly in his favour, that his good works outweighed +his bad, and his soul was snatched from us, and at +this the demon vanished. Thus I understood Charles died +that day, and was carried into the bosom of God and +St. James. But as I had requested him, before we parted +at Vienne, to send me notice of his decease in case it preceded +mine, being then grievously sick, and remembering +his promise, he encharged a certain learned soldier to bring +me word the moment he died. What more need I add? +The messenger arrived on the fifteenth day after it happened. +He had, indeed, been grievously afflicted with illness from +the hour he left Spain, and suffered still more in mind than +in body for the friends he lost on the unfortunate 16th +of June. On the same day that I saw the vision, namely, +on the 5th of February, in the year of our Lord 814, he +departed this life, and was sumptuously buried in the round +church of St. Mary, which he had himself built; and this +sign I was credibly informed happened yearly for three +years together before his death,—"The Sun and Moon +became dark, and his name, Charles the Prince, inscribed +on the church, was totally obliterated of itself; and the +portico likewise, between the church and the palace, fell +to the very foundation." The wooden bridge also which +he built six years before over the Rhine at Mentz was +destroyed by fire, self-kindled. And the same day, as a +traveller was on his journey, he saw a great flame, like the +flame of a funeral pile, pass from right to left before him; +which terrifying him greatly, he fell from his horse, but was +presently relieved by his friends.</p> + +<p>We therefore believe that he now enjoys the crown of +the blessed martyrs, whose labours he imitated, whose +pattern and example he followed. Whereby we may +understand, that whoever builds a church to God's glory, +provides for himself a residence in his kingdom. For this +cause was Charles snatched from the hands of demons, and +borne by good angels to heavenly habitations.</p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<h2>BALLAD ROMANCE</h2> +<h5>TOUCHING</h5> +<h1><a name="DAYS_OF_CHARLEMAGNE" id="DAYS_OF_CHARLEMAGNE"></a>THE DAYS OF CHARLEMAGNE</h1> +<h5>AND OF</h5> +<h2>THE CID CAMPEADOR</h2> +<h5>WITH THE BALLAD OF COUNT ALARCOS</h5> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<h5><i>FROM THE SPANISH BALLADS TRANSLATED BY</i></h5> +<h5>JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART.</h5> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> +<div class="center"> +<table style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="0" summary="CONTENTS_OF_DAYS_OF_CHARLEMAGNE"> + +<tr><td colspan="2"> <br /> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="toctitle">PART I.<br /> </span></td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#MC"><span class="smallcaps">The Moor Calaynos</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#EG"><span class="smallcaps">The Escape of Gayferos</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#Mel"><span class="smallcaps">Melisendra</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#AG"><span class="smallcaps">The Admiral Guarinos</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#MBC"><span class="smallcaps">The March of Bernardo del Carpio</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#LAD"><span class="smallcaps">Lady Alda's Dream</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CCS"><span class="smallcaps">The Complaint of the Count of Saldenha</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#FCS"><span class="smallcaps">The Funeral of the Count of Saldenha</span> </a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#BA"><span class="smallcaps">Bernardo and Alphonso</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="2"> <br /> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="toctitle">PART II.<br /> </span></td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#YC"><span class="smallcaps">The Young Cid</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#XdV"><span class="smallcaps">Ximena Demands Vengeance</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#C5MK"><span class="smallcaps">The Cid and the Five Moorish Kings</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CC"><span class="smallcaps">The Cid's Courtship</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CW"><span class="smallcaps">The Cid's Wedding</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CL"><span class="smallcaps">The Cid and the Leper</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#Bvca"><span class="smallcaps">Bavieca</span> </a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#EC"><span class="smallcaps">The Excommunication of the Cid</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="2"> <br /> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><span class="toctitle">PART III.<br /> </span></td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="top"></td> <td><a href="#CAIS"><span class="smallcaps">Count Alarcos and the Infanta Solisa</span></a></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<h2>PART I.</h2> + +<h3><a name="MC" id="MC"></a>THE MOOR CALAYNOS.</h3> + + +<p>In the following version I have taken liberty to omit a +good many of the introductory stanzas of the famous <i>Coplas +de Calainos</i>. The reader will remember that this ballad is +alluded to in Don Quixote, where the Knight's nocturnal +visit to Toboso is described.</p> + +<p>It is generally believed to be among the most ancient, +and certainly was among the most popular, of all the ballads +in the Cancionero.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Moor Calaynos"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I had six Moorish nurses, but the seventh was not a Moor,<br /> + The Moors they gave me milk enow, but the Christian gave me lore;<br /> + And she told me ne'er to listen, though sweet the words might be,<br /> + Till he that spake had proved his troth, and pledged a gallant fee."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Fair damsel," quoth Calaynos, "if thou wilt go with me,<br /> + Say what may win thy favour, and thine that gift shall be.<br /> + Fair stands the castle on the rock, the city in the vale,<br /> + And bonny is the red red gold, and rich the silver pale."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Fair sir," quoth she, "virginity I never will lay down<br /> + For gold, nor yet for silver, for castle, nor for town;<br /> + But I will be your leman for the heads of certain peers—<br /> + And I ask but three—Rinaldo's—Roland's—and Olivier's."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He kissed her hand where she did stand, he kissed her lips also,<br /> +And "Bring forth," he cries, "my pennon, for to Paris I must go."—<br /> +I wot ye saw them rearing his banner broad right soon,<br /> +Whereon revealed his bloody field its pale and crescent moon.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +That broad bannere the Moore did rear, ere many days were gone,<br /> +In foul disdain of Charlemagne, by the church of good Saint John;<br /> +In the midst of merry Paris, on the bonny banks of Seine,<br /> +Shall never scornful Paynim that pennon rear again.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +His banner he hath planted high, and loud his trumpet blown,<br /> +That all the twelve might hear it well around King Charles's throne;<br /> +The note he blew right well they knew; both Paladin and Peer<br /> +Had the trumpet heard of that stern lord in many a fierce career.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +It chanced the King, that fair morning, to the chace had made him bowne,<br /> +With many a knight of warlike might, and prince of high renown;<br /> +Sir Reynold of Montalban, and Claros' Lord, Gaston,<br /> +Behind him rode, and Bertram good, that reverend old Baron.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Black D'Ardennes' eye of mastery in that proud troop was seen,<br /> +And there was Urgel's giant force, and Guarinos' princely mien;<br /> +Gallant and gay upon that day was Baldwin's youthful cheer,<br /> +But first did ride, by Charles's side, Roland and Olivier.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Now in a ring around the King, not far in the greenwood,<br /> +Awaiting all the huntsman's call, it chanced the nobles stood;<br /> +"Now list, mine earls, now list!" quoth Charles, "yon breeze will come again,<br /> +Some trumpet-note methinks doth float from the bonny banks of Seine."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He scarce had heard the trumpet, the word he scarce had said,<br /> +When among the trees he near him sees a dark and turbaned head;<br /> +"Now stand, now stand at my command, bold Moor," quoth Charlemagne,<br /> +"That turban green, how dare it be seen among the woods of Seine."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"My turban green must needs be seen among the woods of Seine,"<br /> + The Moor replied, "since here I ride in quest of Charlemagne—<br /> + For I serve the Moor Calaynos, and I his defiance bring<br /> + To every lord that sits at the board of Charlemagne your King.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now lordlings fair, if anywhere in the wood ye've seen him riding,<br /> + O tell me plain the path he has ta'en—there is no cause for chiding;<br /> + For my lord hath blown his trumpet by every gate of Paris—<br /> + Long hours in vain, by the bank of Seine, upon his steed he tarries."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When the Emperor had heard the Moor, full red was his old cheek,<br /> +"Go back, base cur, upon the spur, for I am he you seek—<br /> +Go back, and tell your master to commend him to Mahoun,<br /> +For his soul shall dwell with him in hell, or ere yon sun go down.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Mine arm is weak, my hairs are grey," (thus spake King Charlemagne,)<br /> +"Would for one hour I had the power of my young days again,<br /> + As when I plucked the Saxon from out his mountain den—<br /> + O soon should cease the vaunting of this proud Saracen!</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Though now mine arm be weakened, though now my hairs be grey,<br /> + The hard-won praise of other days cannot be swept away—<br /> + If shame there be, my liegemen, that shame on you must lie—<br /> + Go forth, go forth, good Roland; to-night this Moor must die."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then out and spake rough Roland—"Ofttimes I've thinned the ranks<br /> +Of the hot Moor, and when all was o'er have won me little thanks;<br /> +Some carpet knight will take delight to do this doughty feat,<br /> +Whom damsels gay shall well repay with their smiles and whispers sweet!"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then out and spake Sir Baldwin—the youngest peer was he,<br /> +The youngest and the comeliest—"Let none go forth but me;<br /> +Sir Roland is mine uncle, and he may in safety jeer,<br /> +But I will show the youngest may be Sir Roland's peer."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Nay, go not thou," quoth Charlemagne, "thou art my gallant youth,<br /> + And braver none I look upon; but thy cheek it is too smooth;<br /> + And the curls upon thy forehead they are too glossy bright;—<br /> + Some elder peer must couch his spear against this crafty knight."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +But away, away goes Baldwin, no words can stop him now,<br /> +Behind him lies the greenwood, he hath gained the mountain's brow,<br /> +He reineth first his charger, within the churchyard green,<br /> +Where, striding slow the elms below, the haughty Moor is seen.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then out and spake Calaynos—"Fair youth, I greet thee well;<br /> +Thou art a comely stripling, and if thou with me wilt dwell,<br /> +All for the grace of thy sweet face, thou shalt not lack thy fee,<br /> +Within my lady's chamber a pretty page thou'lt be."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +An angry man was Baldwin, when thus he heard him speak,<br /> +"Proud knight," quoth he, "I come with thee a bloody spear to break."—<br /> +O, sternly smiled Calaynos, when thus he heard him say,—<br /> +O loudly as he mounted his mailèd barb did neigh.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +One shout, one thrust, and in the dust young Baldwin lies full low—<br /> +No youthful knight could bear the might of that fierce warrior's blow;<br /> +Calaynos draws his falchion, and waves it to and fro,<br /> +"Thy name now say, and for mercy pray, or to hell thy soul must go."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The helpless youth revealed the truth. Then said the conqueror—<br /> +"I spare thee for thy tender years, and for thy great valour;<br /> +But thou must rest thee captive here, and serve me on thy knee,<br /> +For fain I'd tempt some doughtier peer to come and rescue thee."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Sir Roland heard that haughty word, (he stood behind the wall,)<br /> +His heart, I trow, was heavy enow, when he saw his kinsman fall;<br /> +But now his heart was burning, and never a word he said,<br /> +But clasped his buckler on his arm, his helmet on his head.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Another sight saw the Moorish knight, when Roland blew his horn,<br /> +To call him to the combat in anger and in scorn;<br /> +All cased in steel from head to heel, in the stirrup high he stood,<br /> +The long spear quivered in his hand, as if athirst for blood.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then out and spake Calaynos—"Thy name I fain would hear;<br /> +A coronet on thy helm is set; I guess thou art a Peer."—<br /> +Sir Roland lifted up his horn, and blew another blast,<br /> +"No words, base Moor," quoth Roland, "this hour shall be thy last."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +I wot they met full swiftly, I wot the shock was rude;<br /> +Down fell the misbeliever, and o'er him Roland stood;<br /> +Close to his throat the steel he brought, and plucked his beard full sore—<br /> +"What devil brought thee hither?—speak out or die, false Moor!"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"O! I serve a noble damsel, a haughty maid of Spain,<br /> + And in evil day I took my way, that I her grace might gain;<br /> + For every gift I offered, my lady did disdain,<br /> + And craved the ears of certain Peers that ride with Charlemagne."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then loudly laughed rough Roland—"Full few will be her tears,<br /> +It was not love her soul did move, when she bade thee beard <span class="smallcaps">the peers</span>."—<br /> +With that he smote upon his throat, and spurned his crest in twain,<br /> +"No more," he cries, "this moon will rise above the woods of Seine."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="EG" id="EG"></a>THE ESCAPE OF GAYFEROS.</h3> + + +<p>The story of Gayfer de Bourdeaux is to be found at great +length in the Romantic Chronicle of Charlemagne; and it +has supplied the Spanish minstrels with subjects for a long +series of ballads.</p> + +<p>In that which follows, Gayferos, yet a boy, is represented +as hearing from his mother the circumstances of his father's +death; and as narrowly escaping with his own life, in consequence +of his stepfather's cruelty.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Escape of Gayferos"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Before her knee the boy did stand, within the dais so fair,<br /> +The golden shears were in her hand, to clip his curlèd hair;<br /> +And ever as she clipped the curls, such doleful words she spake,<br /> +That tears ran from Gayferos' eyes, for his sad mother's sake.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"God grant a beard were on thy face, and strength thine arm within,<br /> +To fling a spear, or swing a mace, like Roland Paladin!<br /> +For then, I think, thou wouldst avenge thy father that is dead,<br /> +Whom envious traitors slaughtered within thy mother's bed.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Their bridal-gifts were rich and rare, that hate might not be seen;<br /> + They cut me garments broad and fair—none fairer hath the Queen."—<br /> + Then out and spake the little boy—"Each night to God I call,<br /> + And to his blessèd Mother, to make me strong and tall!"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Count he heard Gayferos, in the palace where he lay;—<br /> +"Now silence, silence, Countess! it is falsehood that you say;<br /> +I neither slew the man, nor hired another's sword to slay;—<br /> +But, for that the mother hath desired, be sure the son shall pay!"</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Count called to his esquires, (old followers were they,<br /> +Whom the dead Lord had nurtured for many a merry day)—<br /> +He bade them take their old Lord's heir, and stop his tender breath—<br /> +Alas! 'twas piteous but to hear the manner of that death.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"List, esquires, list, for my command is offspring of mine oath—<br /> + The stirrup-foot and the hilt-hand see that ye sunder both;—<br /> + That ye cut out his eyes 'twere best—the safer he will go—<br /> + And bring a finger and the heart, that I his end may know."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The esquires took the little boy aside with them to go;<br /> +Yet, as they went, they did repent—"O God! must this be so?<br /> +How shall we think to look for grace, if this poor child we slay,<br /> +When ranged before Christ Jesu's face at the great judgment day?"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +While they, not knowing what to do, were standing in such talk,<br /> +The Countess' little lap-dog bitch by chance did cross their walk;<br /> +Then out and spake one of the 'squires, (you may hear the words he said,)<br /> +"I think the coming of this bitch may serve us in good stead—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Let us take out the bitch's heart, and give it to Galvan;<br /> + The boy may with a finger part, and be no worser man."—<br /> + With that they cut the joint away, and whispered in his ear,<br /> + That he must wander many a day, nor once those parts come near.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Your uncle grace and love will show; he is a bounteous man;"—<br /> + And so they let Gayferos go, and turned them to Galvan.<br /> + The heart and the small finger upon the board they laid,<br /> + And of Gayferos' slaughter a cunning story made.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Countess, when she hears them, in great grief loudly cries:<br /> +Meantime the stripling safely unto his uncle hies:—<br /> +"Now welcome, my fair boy," he said, "what good news may they be<br /> +Come with thee to thine uncle's hall?"—"Sad tidings come with me—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The false Galvan had laid his plan to have me in my grave;<br /> + But I've escaped him, and am here, my boon from thee to crave:<br /> + Rise up, rise up, mine uncle, thy brother's blood they've shed;<br /> + Rise up—they've slain my father within my mother's bed.<a href="#mt2"><small><sup>2</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt2r" id="mt2r"></a></p> +</td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> +<h3><a name="Mel" id="Mel"></a>MELISENDRA.</h3> + + +<p>The following is a version of another of the ballads concerning +Gayferos. It is the same that is quoted in the +chapter of the Puppet-show in Don Quixote.</p> + +<p>"'Child, child,' said Don Quixote, 'go on directly with +your story, and don't keep us here with your excursions and +ramblings out of the road. I tell you there must be a +formal process, and legal trial, to prove matters of fact.'— +'Boy,' said the master from behind the show, 'do as the +gentleman bids you. Don't run so much upon flourishes, +but follow your plain song, without venturing on counterpoints, +for fear of spoiling all'—'I will, sir,' quoth the boy, +and so proceeding: 'Now, sirs, he that you see there +a-horseback, wrapt up in the Gascoign-cloak, is Don Gayferos +himself, whom his wife, now revenged on the Moor +for his impudence, seeing from the battlements of the tower, +takes him for a stranger, and talks with him as such, according +to the ballad,</p> + + +<div class="poem2"> + <p class="noindent"> +'Quoth Melisendra, if perchance,<br /> + Sir Traveller, you go for France,<br /> + For pity's sake, ask when you're there,<br /> + For Gayferos, my husband dear.' + </p> +</div> + +<p>"'I omit the rest, not to tire you with a long story. It +is sufficient that he makes himself known to her, as you may +guess by the joy she shows; and, accordingly, now see how +she lets herself down from the balcony, to come at her +loving husband, and get behind him; but, unhappily, alas! +one of the skirts of her gown is caught upon one of the spikes +of the balcony, and there she hangs and hovers in the air +miserably, without being able to get down. But see how +Heaven is merciful, and sends relief in the greatest distress! +Now Don Gayferos rides up to her, and, not fearing to tear +her rich gown, lays hold on it, and at one pull brings her +down; and then at one lift sets her astride upon his horse's +crupper, bidding her to sit fast, and clap her arms about +him, that she might not fall; for the lady Melisendra was +not used to that kind of riding.</p> + +<p>"'Observe now, gallants, how the horse neighs, and +shows how proud he is of the burden of his brave master +and fair mistress. Look, now, how they turn their backs, +and leave the city, and gallop it merrily away towards Paris. +Peace be with you, for a peerless couple of true lovers! may +ye get safe and sound into your own country, without any +lett or ill chance in your journey, and live as long as Nestor, +in peace and quietness among your friends and relations.'—'Plainness, +boy!' cried Master Peter, 'none of your flights, I +beseech you, for affectation is the devil.'—The boy answered +nothing, but going on: 'Now, sirs,' quoth he, 'some of +those idle people, that love to pry into everything, happened +to spy Melisendra as she was making her escape, and ran +presently and gave Marsilius notice of it; whereupon he +straight commanded to sound an alarm; and now mind +what a din and hurly-burly there is, and how the city shakes +with the ring of the bells backwards in all the mosques!'—'There +you are out, boy,' said Don Quixote; 'the Moors +have no bells, they only use kettle-drums, and a kind of +shaulms like our waits or hautboys; so that your ringing of +bells in Sansueña is a mere absurdity, good Master Peter.'—'Nay, +sir,' said Master Peter, giving over ringing, 'if you +stand upon these trifles with us, we shall never please you. +Don't be so severe a critic. Are there not a thousand plays +that pass with great success and applause, though they have +many greater absurdities, and nonsense in abundance? On, +boy, on, let there be as many impertinences as motes in the +sun; no matter, so I get the money.'—'Well said,' answered +Don Quixote.—'And now, sirs,' quoth the boy, 'observe +what a vast company of glittering horse comes pouring out +of the city, in pursuit of the Christian lovers; what a dreadful +sound of trumpets, and clarions, and drums, and kettle-drums +there is in the air. I fear they will overtake them, +and then will the poor wretches be dragged along most +barbarously at the tails of their horses, which would be sad +indeed.'</p> + +<p>"Don Quixote, seeing such a number of Moors, and +hearing such an alarm, thought it high time to assist the +flying lovers; and starting up, 'It shall never be said while +I live,' cried he aloud, 'that I suffered such a wrong to be +done to so famous a knight and so daring a lover as Don +Gayferos. Forbear, then, your unjust pursuit, ye base-born +rascals! Stop, or prepare to meet my furious resentment!' +Then drawing out his sword, to make good his threats, at +one spring he gets to the show, and with a violent fury lays +at the Moorish puppets, cutting and slashing in a most +terrible manner: some he overthrows, and beheads others; +maims this, and cleaves that in pieces. Among the rest of +his merciless strokes, he thundered one down with such a +mighty force, that had not Master Peter luckily ducked and +squatted down, it had certainly chopped off his head as +easily as one might cut an apple."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Melisendra"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +At Sansueña,<a href="#mt3"><small><sup>3</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt3r" id="mt3r"></a> in the tower, fair Melisendra lies,<br /> +Her heart is far away in France, and tears are in her eyes;<br /> +The twilight shade is thickening laid on Sansueña's plain,<br /> +Yet wistfully the lady her weary eyes doth strain.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +She gazes from the dungeon strong, forth on the road to Paris,<br /> +Weeping, and wondering why so long her Lord Gayferos tarries,<br /> +When lo! a knight appears in view—a knight of Christian mien,<br /> +Upon a milk-white charger he rides the elms between.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +She from her window reaches forth her hand a sign to make,<br /> +"O, if you be a knight of worth, draw near for mercy's sake;<br /> +For mercy and sweet charity, draw near, Sir Knight to me,<br /> +And tell me if ye ride to France, or whither bowne ye be.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"O, if ye be a Christian knight, and if to France you go,<br /> +I pr'ythee tell Gayferos that you have seen my woe;<br /> +That you have seen me weeping, here in the Moorish tower,<br /> +While he is gay by night and day, in hall and lady's bower.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Seven summers have I waited, seven winters long are spent,<br /> +Yet word of comfort none he speaks, nor token hath he sent;<br /> +And if he is weary of my love, and would have me wed a stranger,<br /> +Still say his love is true to him—nor time nor wrong can change her."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The knight on stirrup rising, bids her wipe her tears away,—<br /> +"My love, no time for weeping, no peril save delay—<br /> +Come, boldly spring, and lightly leap—no listening Moor is near us,<br /> +And by dawn of day we'll be far away"—so spake the Knight Gayferos.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +She has made the sign of the Cross divine, and an Ave she hath said,<br /> +And she dares the leap both wide and deep—that damsel without dread;<br /> +And he hath kissed her pale pale cheek, and lifted her behind,<br /> +Saint Denis speed the milk-white steed—no Moor their path shall find.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="MBC" id="MBC"></a>THE MARCH OF BERNARDO DEL CARPIO.</h3> + +<p>Of Bernardo del Carpio, we find little or nothing in the +French romances of Charlemagne. He belongs exclusively +to Spanish History, or rather perhaps to Spanish Romance; +in which the honour is claimed for him of slaying the famous +Orlando, or Roland, the nephew of Charlemagne, in the +fatal field of Roncesvalles.</p> + +<p>The continence which procured for Alonzo, who succeeded +to the precarious throne of the Christians, in the Asturias, +about 795, the epithet of the Chaste, was not universal in +his family. By an intrigue with Sancho Diaz, Count of +Saldaña, or Saldenha, Donna Ximena, sister of this virtuous +prince, bore a son. Some historians attempt to gloss over +this incident, by alleging that a private marriage had taken +place between the lovers: but King Alphonso, who was well-nigh +sainted for living only in platonic union with his wife +Bertha, took the scandal greatly to heart. He shut up the +peccant princess in a cloister, and imprisoned her gallant in +the castle of Luna, where he caused him to be deprived of +sight. Fortunately, his wrath did not extend to the offspring +of their stolen affections, the famous Bernardo del Carpio. +When the youth had grown up to manhood, Alphonso, +according to the Spanish chroniclers, invited the Emperor +Charlemagne into Spain, and having neglected to raise up +heirs for the kingdom of the Goths in the ordinary manner, +he proposed the inheritance of his throne as the price of the +alliance of Charles. But the nobility, headed by Bernardo +del Carpio, remonstrated against the king's choice of a successor, +and would on no account consent to receive a Frenchman +as heir of their crown. Alphonso himself repented of +the invitation he had given Charlemagne, and when that +champion of Christendom came to expel the Moors from +Spain, he found the conscientious and chaste Alphonso had +united with the infidels against him. An engagement took +place in the renowned pass of Roncesvalles, in which the +French were defeated, and the celebrated Roland, or +Orlando, was slain. The victory was ascribed chiefly to +the prowess of Bernardo del Carpio.</p> + +<p>The following ballad describes the enthusiasm excited +among the Leonese, when Bernard first raised his standard +to oppose the progress of Charlemagne's army.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="March of del Carpio"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With three thousand Men of Leon, from the city Bernard goes,<br /> +To protect the soil Hispanian from the spear of Frankish foes<br /> +From the city which is planted in the midst between the seas,<br /> +To preserve the name and glory of old Pelayo's victories.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The peasant hears upon his field the trumpet of the knight,<br /> +He quits his team for spear and shield, and garniture of might,<br /> +The shepherd hears it 'mid the mist—he flingeth down his crook,<br /> +And rushes from the mountain like a tempest-troubled brook.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The youth who shows a maiden's chin, whose brows have ne'er been bound<br /> +The helmet's heavy ring within, gains manhood from the sound;<br /> +The hoary sire beside the fire forgets his feebleness,<br /> +Once more to feel the cap of steel a warrior's ringlets press.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +As through the glen his spears did gleam, these soldiers from the hills,<br /> +They swelled his host, as mountain-stream receives the roaring rills;<br /> +They round his banner flocked, in scorn of haughty Charlemagne,<br /> +And thus upon their swords are sworn the faithful sons of Spain.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Free were we born," 'tis thus they cry, "though to our King we owe<br /> +The homage and the fealty behind his crest to go;<br /> +By God's behest our aid he shares, but God did ne'er command,<br /> +That we should leave our children heirs of an enslavèd land.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Our breasts are not so timorous, nor are our arms so weak,<br /> +Nor are our veins so bloodless, that we our vow should break,<br /> +To sell our freedom for the fear of Prince or Paladin,—<br /> +At least we'll sell our birthright dear, no bloodless prize they'll win.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"At least King Charles, if God decrees he must be lord of Spain,<br /> +Shall witness that the Leonese were not aroused in vain;<br /> +He shall bear witness that we died, as lived our sires of old,<br /> +Nor only of Numantium's pride shall minstrel tales be told.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"<span class="smallcaps">The Lion</span><a href="#mt4"><small><sup>4</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt4r" id="mt4r"></a> that hath bathed his paws in seas of Libyan gore,<br /> +Shall he not battle for the laws and liberties of yore?<br /> +Anointed cravens may give gold to whom it likes them well,<br /> +But steadfast heart and spirit bold Alphonso ne'er shall sell."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + + + +<h3><a name="LAD" id="LAD"></a>LADY ALDA'S DREAM.</h3> + + +<p>The following is an attempt to render one of the most +admired of all the Spanish ballads.</p> + + +<div class="poem2"> +<p class="noindent">En Paris esta Doña Alda, la esposa de Don Roldan,<br /> +Trecientas damas con ella, para la accompañar,<br /> +Todas visten un vestido, todas calçan un calçar, &c. +</p> +</div> + +<p>In its whole structure and strain it bears a very remarkable +resemblance to several of our own old ballads—both English +and Scottish.</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Lady Alda's Dream"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +In Paris sits the lady that shall be Sir Roland's bride,<br /> +Three hundred damsels with her, her bidding to abide;<br /> +All clothed in the same fashion, both the mantle and the shoon,<br /> +All eating at one table, within her hall at noon:<br /> +All, save the Lady Alda, she is lady of them all,<br /> +She keeps her place upon the dais, and they serve her in her hall;<br /> +The thread of gold a hundred spin, the lawn a hundred weave,<br /> +And a hundred play sweet melody within Alda's bower at eve.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With the sound of their sweet playing, the lady falls asleep,<br /> +And she dreams a doleful dream, and her damsels hear her weep;<br /> +There is sorrow in her slumber, and she waketh with a cry,<br /> +And she calleth for her damsels, and swiftly they come nigh.<br /> +"Now, what is it, Lady Alda," (you may hear the words they say,)<br /> +"Bringeth sorrow to thy pillow, and chaseth sleep away?"—<br /> +"O, my maidens!" quoth the lady, "my heart it is full sore!<br /> +I have dreamt a dream of evil, and can slumber never more.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"For I was upon a mountain, in a bare and desert place,<br /> +And I saw a mighty eagle, and a falcon he did chase;<br /> +And to me the falcon came, and I hid it in my breast,<br /> +But the mighty bird, pursuing, came and rent away my vest;<br /> +And he scattered all the feathers, and blood was on his beak,<br /> +And ever, as he tore and tore, I heard the falcon shriek;—<br /> +Now read my vision, damsels, now read my dream to me,<br /> +For my heart may well be heavy that doleful sight to see."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Out spake the foremost damsel was in her chamber there—<br /> +(You may hear the words she says), "O! my lady's dream is fair—<br /> +The mountain is St. Denis' choir; and thou the falcon art,<br /> +And the eagle strong that teareth the garment from thy heart,<br /> +And scattereth the feathers, he is the Paladin—<br /> +That, when again he comes from Spain, must sleep thy bower within;—<br /> +Then be blithe of cheer, my lady, for the dream thou must not grieve,<br /> +It means but that thy bridegroom shall come to thee at eve."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"If thou hast read my vision, and read it cunningly"—<br /> +Thus said the Lady Alda, "thou shalt not lack thy fee." But<br /> +woe is me for Alda! there was heard, at morning hour,<br /> +A voice of lamentation within that lady's bower,<br /> +For there had come to Paris a messenger by night,<br /> +And his horse it was a-weary, and his visage it was white;<br /> +And there's weeping in the chamber and there's silence in the hall,<br /> +For Sir Roland had been slaughtered in the chase of Roncesval.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="AG" id="AG"></a>THE ADMIRAL GUARINOS.</h3> + + +<p>This is a translation of the ballad which Don Quixote +and Sancho Panza, when at Toboso, overheard a peasant +singing, as he was going to his work at daybreak.—"Iba +cantando," says Cervantes, "aquel romance que dice,<br /><br /> + +<span class="ind6"><small>Mala la vistes Franceses la caça de Roncesvalles."</small></span> +</p> +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Admiral Guarinos"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The day of Roncesvalles was a dismal day for you,<br /> +Ye men of France, for there the lance of King Charles was broke in two.<br /> +Ye well may curse that rueful field, for many a noble peer,<br /> +In fray or fight, the dust did bite, beneath Bernardo's spear.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +There captured was Guarinos, King Charles's admiral;<br /> +Seven Moorish kings surrounded him, and seized him for their thrall;<br /> +Seven times, when all the chase was o'er, for Guarinos lots they cast;<br /> +Seven times Marlotes won the throw, and the knight was his at last.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Much joy had then Marlotes, and his captive much did prize,<br /> +Above all the wealth of Araby, he was precious in his eyes.<br /> +Within his tent at evening he made the best of cheer,<br /> +And thus, the banquet done, he spake unto his prisoner.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now, for the sake of Alla, Lord Admiral Guarinos<br /> +Be thou a Moslem, and much love shall ever rest between us.<br /> +Two daughters have I—all the day thy handmaid one shall be,<br /> +The other (and the fairer far) by night shall cherish thee.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The one shall be thy waiting-maid, thy weary feet to lave,<br /> +To scatter perfumes on thy head, and fetch thee garments brave;<br /> +The other—she the pretty—shall deck her bridal bower,<br /> +And my field and my city they both shall be her dower.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"If more thou wishest, more I'll give—speak boldly what thy thought is."—<br /> +Thus earnestly and kindly to Guarinos said Marlotes;—<br /> +But not a moment did he take to ponder or to pause,<br /> +Thus clear and quick the answer of the Christian Captain was:</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now, God forbid! Marlotes, and Mary, his dear mother,<br /> +That I should leave the faith of Christ, and bind me to another.<br /> +For women—I've one wife in France, and I'll wed no more in Spain;<br /> +I change not faith, I break not vow, for courtesy or gain."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Wroth waxed King Marlotes, when thus he heard him say,<br /> +And all for ire commanded, he should be led away;<br /> +Away unto the dungeon keep, beneath its vault to lie,<br /> +With fetters bound in darkness deep, far off from sun and sky.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With iron bands they bound his hands. That sore unworthy plight<br /> +Might well express his helplessness, doomed never more to fight.<br /> +Again, from cincture down to knee, long bolts of iron he bore,<br /> +Which signified the knight should ride on charger never more.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Three times alone, in all the year, it is the captive's doom,<br /> +To see God's daylight bright and clear, instead of dungeon-gloom;<br /> +Three times alone they bring him out, like Samson long ago,<br /> +Before the Moorish rabble-rout to be a sport and show.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +On three high feasts they bring him forth, a spectacle to be,<br /> +The feast of Pasque, and the great day of the Nativity,<br /> +And on that morn, more solemn yet, when the maidens strip the bowers,<br /> +And gladden mosque and minaret with the first fruits of the flowers.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Days come and go of gloom and show. Seven years are come and gone,<br /> +And now doth fall the festival of the holy Baptist John;<br /> +Christian and Moslem tilts and jousts, to give it homage due;<br /> +And rushes on the paths to spread they force the sulky Jew.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Marlotes, in his joy and pride, a target high doth rear,<br /> +Below the Moorish knights must ride and pierce it with the spear;<br /> +But 'tis so high up in the sky, albeit much they strain,<br /> +No Moorish lance so far may fly, Marlotes' prize to gain.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Wroth waxed King Marlotes, when he beheld them fail,<br /> +The whisker trembled on his lip, and his cheek for ire was pale;<br /> +And heralds proclamation made, with trumpets, through the town,—<br /> +"Nor child shall suck, nor man shall eat, till the mark be tumbled down."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The cry of proclamation, and the trumpet's haughty sound,<br /> +Did send an echo to the vault where the admiral was bound.<br /> +"Now, help me God!" the captive cries, "what means this din so loud?<br /> +Oh, Queen of Heaven! be vengeance given on these thy haters proud!</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"O! is it that some Pagan gay doth Marlotes' daughter wed,<br /> +And that they bear my scorned fair in triumph to his bed?<br /> +Or is it that the day is come—one of the hateful three,<br /> +When they, with trumpet, fife, and drum, make heathen game of me?"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +These words the jailer chanced to hear, and thus to him he said,<br /> +"These tabors, Lord, and trumpets clear, conduct no bride to bed;<br /> +Nor has the feast come round again, when he that has the right,<br /> +Commands thee forth, thou foe of Spain, to glad the people's sight.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"This is the joyful morning of John the Baptist's day,<br /> +When Moor and Christian feasts at home, each in his nation's way;<br /> +But now our King commands that none his banquet shall begin,<br /> +Until some knight, by strength or sleight, the spearman's prize do win."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then out and spake Guarinos, "O! soon each man should feed,<br /> +Were I but mounted once again on my own gallant steed.<br /> +O! were I mounted as of old, and harnessed cap-a-pee,<br /> +Full soon Marlotes' prize I'd hold, whate'er its price may be.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Give me my horse, mine old grey horse, so be he is not dead,<br /> +All gallantly caparisoned, with plate on breast and head,<br /> +And give the lance I brought from France, and if I win it not,<br /> +My life shall be the forfeiture—I'll yield it on the spot."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The jailer wondered at his words. Thus to the knight said he,<br /> +"Seven weary years of chains and gloom have little humbled thee;<br /> +There's never a man in Spain, I trow, the like so well might bear;<br /> +An' if thou wilt, I with thy vow will to the King repair."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The jailer put his mantle on, and came unto the King,<br /> +He found him sitting on the throne, within his listed ring;<br /> +Close to his ear he planted him, and the story did begin,<br /> +How bold Guarinos vaunted him the spearman's prize to win.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +That, were he mounted but once more on his own gallant grey,<br /> +And armed with the lance he bore on the Roncesvalles' day,<br /> +What never Moorish knight could pierce, he would pierce it at a blow,<br /> +Or give with joy his life-blood fierce, at Marlotes' feet to flow.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Much marvelling, then said the King, "Bring Sir Guarinos forth,<br /> +And in the Grange go seek ye for his grey steed of worth;<br /> +His arms are rusty on the wall—seven years have gone, I judge,<br /> +Since that strong horse has bent his force to be a carrion drudge.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now this will be a sight indeed, to see the enfeebled lord<br /> +Essay to mount that ragged steed, and draw that rusty sword;<br /> +And for the vaunting of his phrase he well deserves to die,<br /> +So, jailer, gird his harness on, and bring your champion nigh."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They have girded on his shirt of mail, his cuisses well they've clasped,<br /> +And they've barred the helm on his visage pale, and his hand the lance hath clasped,<br /> +And they have caught the old grey horse, the horse he loved of yore,<br /> +And he stands pawing at the gate—caparisoned once more.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When the knight came out the Moors did shout, and loudly laughed the King,<br /> +For the horse he pranced and capered, and furiously did fling;<br /> +But Guarinos whispered in his ear, and looked into his face,<br /> +Then stood the old charger like a lamb, with a calm and gentle grace.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +O! Lightly did Guarinos vault into the saddle-tree,<br /> +And slowly riding down made halt before Marlotes' knee;<br /> +Again the heathen laughed aloud—"All hail, Sir Knight," quoth he,<br /> +"Now do thy best, thou champion proud. Thy blood I look to see."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With that Guarinos, lance in rest, against the scoffer rode,<br /> +Pierced at one thrust his envious breast, and down his turban trode.<br /> +Now ride, now ride, Guarinos—nor lance nor rowel spare—<br /> +Slay, slay, and gallop for thy life.—The land of France lies <i>there</i>!</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CCS" id="CCS"></a>THE<br /> + +COMPLAINT OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA.</h3> + + +<p>This ballad is intended to represent the feelings of Don +Sancho, Count of Saldenha or Saldaña, while imprisoned +by King Alphonso, and, as he supposed, neglected and forgotten, +both by his wife, or rather mistress, Donna Ximena, +and by his son, the famous Bernardo del Carpio.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Complaint of Saldenha"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Count Don Sancho Diaz, the Signior of Saldane,<br /> +Lies weeping in his prison, for he cannot refrain:—<br /> +King Alphonso and his sister, of both doth he complain,<br /> +But most of bold Bernardo, the champion of Spain.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The weary years I durance brook, how many they have been,<br /> +When on these hoary hairs I look, may easily be seen;<br /> +When they brought me to this castle, my curls were black, I ween,<br /> +Woe worth the day! they have grown grey these rueful walls between.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"They tell me my Bernardo is the doughtiest lance in Spain,<br /> +But if he were my loyal heir, there's blood in every vein<br /> +Whereof the voice his heart would hear—his hand would not gainsay;—<br /> +Though the blood of kings be mixed with mine, it would not have all the sway.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now all the three have scorn of me—unhappy man am I!<br /> +They leave me without pity—they leave me here to die.<br /> +A stranger's feud, albeit rude, were little dole or care,<br /> +But he's my own, both flesh and bone; his scorn is ill to bear.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"From Jailer and from Castellain I hear of hardiment<br /> +And chivalry in listed plain on joust and tourney spent;—<br /> +I hear of many a battle, in which thy spear is red,<br /> +But help from thee comes none to me where I am ill bested.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Some villain spot is in thy blood to mar its gentle strain,<br /> +Else would it show forth hardihood for him from whom 'twas ta'en;<br /> +Thy hope is young, thy heart is strong, but yet a day may be,<br /> +When thou shalt weep in dungeon deep, and none thy weeping see."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="FCS" id="FCS"></a>THE<br /> + +FUNERAL OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA.</h3> + + +<p>The ballads concerning Bernardo del Carpio are, upon the +whole, in accordance with his history as given in the <i>Coronica +General</i>. According to the Chronicle, Bernardo being at +last wearied out of all patience by the cruelty of which his +father was the victim, determined to quit the Court of his +King, and seek an alliance among the Moors. Having +fortified himself in the Castle of Carpio, he made continual +incursions into the territory of Leon, pillaging and plundering +wherever he came. The King at length besieged him +in his stronghold, but the defence was so gallant, that there +appeared no prospect of success; whereupon many of the +gentlemen in Alphonso's camp entreated the King to offer +Bernardo immediate possession of his father's person, if he +would surrender his castle.</p> + +<p>Bernardo at once consented; but the King gave orders +to have Count Sancho Diaz taken off instantly in his prison. +"When he was dead they clothed him in splendid attire, +mounted him on horseback, and so led him towards Salamanca, +where his son was expecting his arrival. As they +drew nigh the city, the King and Bernardo rode out to meet +them; and when Bernardo saw his father approaching, he +exclaimed,—'O God! is the Count of Saldaña indeed coming?'—'Look +where he is,' replied the cruel King; 'and +now go and greet him whom you have so long desired to +see.' Bernardo went forward and took his father's hand to +kiss it; but when he felt the dead weight of the hand, and +saw the livid face of the corpse, he cried aloud, and said,—'Ah, +Don Sandiaz, in an evil hour didst thou beget me!—Thou +art dead, and I have given my stronghold for thee, +and now I have lost all.'"</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Funeral of Saldenha"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +All in the centre of the choir Bernardo's knees are bent,<br /> +Before him for his murdered sire yawns the old monument.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +His kinsmen of the Carpio blood are kneeling at his back,<br /> +With knightly friends and vassals good, all garbed in weeds of black.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He comes to make the obsequies of a basely slaughtered man,<br /> +And tears are running down from eyes whence ne'er before they ran.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +His head is bowed upon the stone; his heart, albeit full sore,<br /> +Is strong as when in days bygone he rode o'er Frank and Moor;</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +And now between his teeth he mutters, that none his words can hear;<br /> +And now the voice of wrath he utters, in curses loud and clear.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He stoops him o'er his father's shroud, his lips salute the bier;<br /> +He communes with the corse aloud, as if none else were near.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +His right hand doth his sword unsheath, his left doth pluck his beard;—<br /> +And while his liegemen held their breath, these were the words they heard:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Go up, go up, thou blessed ghost, into the arms of God;<br /> +Go, fear not lest revenge be lost, when Carpio's blood hath flowed;</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The steel that drank the blood of France, the arm thy foe that shielded,<br /> +Still, Father, thirsts that burning lance, and still thy son can wield it."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="BA" id="BA"></a>BERNARDO AND ALPHONSO.</h3> + +<p>The incident recorded in this ballad may be supposed to +have occurred immediately after the funeral of the Count of +Saldenha. As to what was the end of the knight's history, +we are left almost entirely in the dark, both by the Chronicle +and by the Romancero. It appears to be intimated, that +after his father's death, he once more "took service" among +the Moors, who are represented in several of the ballads as +accustomed to exchange offices of courtesy with Bernardo.</p> +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Bernardo and Alphonso"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With some good ten of his chosen men, Bernardo hath appeared<br /> +Before them all in the palace hall, the lying King to beard;<br /> +With cap in hand and eye on ground, he came in reverend guise,<br /> +But ever and anon he frowned, and flame broke from his eyes.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"A curse upon thee," cries the King, "who comest unbid to me;<br /> +But what from traitor's blood should spring, save traitors like to thee?<br /> +His sire, Lords, had a traitor's heart; perchance our Champion brave<br /> +Made think it were a pious part to share Don Sancho's grave."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Whoever told this tale the King hath rashness to repeat,"<br /> +Cries Bernard, "here my gage I fling before <span class="smallcaps">the liar's</span> feet!<br /> +No treason was in Sancho's blood, no stain in mine doth lie—<br /> +Below the throne what knight will own the coward calumny?</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The blood that I like water shed, when Roland did advance,<br /> +By secret traitors hired and led, to make us slaves of France;—<br /> +The life of King Alphonso I saved at Roncesval,—<br /> +Your words, Lord King, are recompense abundant for it all.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Your horse was down—your hope was flown—I saw the falchion shine,<br /> +That soon had drunk your royal blood, had not I ventured mine;<br /> +But memory soon of service done deserteth the ingrate,<br /> +And ye've thanked the son for life and crown by the father's bloody fate.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Ye swore upon your kingly faith, to set Don Sancho free,<br /> +But curse upon your paltering breath, the light he ne'er did see;<br /> +He died in dungeon cold and dim, by Alphonso's base decree,<br /> +And visage blind, and stiffened limb, were all they gave to me.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The King that swerveth from his word hath stained his purple black,<br /> +No Spanish Lord will draw the sword behind a Liar's back;<br /> +But noble vengeance shall be mine, an open hate I'll show—<br /> +The King hath injured Carpio's line, and Bernard is his foe."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Seize—seize him!"—loud the King doth scream—"There are a thousand here—<br /> +Let his foul blood this instant stream—What! Caitiffs, do ye fear?<br /> +Seize—seize the traitor!"—But not one to move a finger dareth,—<br /> +Bernardo standeth by the throne, and calm his sword he bareth.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He drew the falchion from the sheath, and held it up on high,<br /> +And all the hall was still as death:—cries Bernard, "Here am I,<br /> +And here is the sword that owns no lord, excepting heaven and me;<br /> +Fain would I know who dares his point—King, Condé, or Grandee."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then to his mouth the horn he drew—(it hung below his cloak)<br /> +His ten true men the signal knew, and through the ring they broke;<br /> +With helm on head, and blade in hand, the knights the circle brake,<br /> +And back the lordlings 'gan to stand, and the false king to quake.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Ha! Bernard," quoth Alphonso, "what means this warlike guise?<br /> +Ye know full well I jested—ye know your worth I prize."—<br /> +But Bernard turned upon his heel, and smiling passed away—<br /> +Long rued Alphonso and his realm the jesting of that day.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h2>PART II.</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="YC" id="YC"></a>THE YOUNG CID.</h3> + +<p>The Ballads in the Collection of Escobar, entitled "Romancero +e Historia del muy valeroso Cavallero El Cid Ruy +Diaz de Bivar," are said by Mr. Southey to be in general +possessed of but little merit. Notwithstanding the opinion +of that great scholar and poet, I have had much pleasure in +reading them; and have translated a very few, which may +serve, perhaps, as a sufficient specimen.</p> + +<p>The following is a version of that which stands fifth in +Escobar:—<br /> +<br /> +<span class="ind6"><small>Cavalga Diego Laynez al buen Rey besar la mano, &c.</small></span></p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Young Cid"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Now rides Diego Laynez, to kiss the good King's hand,<br /> +Three hundred men of gentry go with him from his land,<br /> +Among them, young Rodrigo, the proud Knight of Bivar;<br /> +The rest on mules are mounted, he on his horse of war.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They ride in glittering gowns of soye,—He harnessed like a lord;<br /> +There is no gold about the boy, but the crosslet of his sword;<br /> +The rest have gloves of sweet perfume,—He gauntlets strong of mail;<br /> +They broidered caps and flaunting plume,—He crest untaught to quail</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +All talking with each other thus along their way they passed,<br /> +But now they've come to Burgos, and met the King at last;<br /> +When they came near his nobles, a whisper through them ran,—<br /> +"He rides amidst the gentry that slew the Count Lozan."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With very haughty gesture Rodrigo reined his horse,<br /> +Right scornfully he shouted, when he heard them so discourse,—<br /> +"If any of his kinsmen or vassals dare appear,<br /> +The man to give them answer, on horse or foot, is here."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The devil ask the question!" thus muttered all the band;—<br /> +With that they all alighted, to kiss the good King's hand,—<br /> +All but the proud Rodrigo, he in his saddle stayed,—<br /> +Then turned to him his father (you may hear the words he said).</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now, light, my son, I pray thee, and kiss the good King's hand,<br /> +He is our lord, Rodrigo; we hold of him our land."—<br /> +But when Rodrigo heard him, he looked in sulky sort,—<br /> +I wot the words he answered they were both cold and short.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Had any other said it, his pains had well been paid,<br /> +But thou, sir, art my father, thy word must be obeyed."—<br /> +With that he sprung down lightly, before the King to kneel,<br /> +But as the knee was bending, out leapt his blade of steel.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King drew back in terror, when he saw the sword was bare;<br /> +"Stand back, stand back, Rodrigo, in the devil's name beware,<br /> +Your looks bespeak a creature of father Adam's mould,<br /> +But in your wild behaviour you're like some lion bold."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When Rodrigo heard him say so, he leapt into his seat,<br /> +And thence he made his answer, with visage nothing sweet,—<br /> +"I'd think it little honour to kiss a kingly palm,<br /> +And if my fathers kissed it, thereof ashamed I am."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When he these words had uttered, he turned him from the gate,<br /> +His true three hundred gentles behind him followed straight;<br /> +If with good gowns they came that day, with better arms they went;<br /> +And if their mules behind did stay, with horses they're content.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="XdV" id="XdV"></a>XIMENA DEMANDS VENGEANCE.</h3> + +<p>This ballad, the sixth in Escobar, represents Ximena +Gomez as, in person, demanding of the King vengeance for +the death of her father, whom the young Rodrigo de Bivar +had fought and slain.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Ximena demands Vengeance"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Within the court at Burgos a clamour doth arise,<br /> +Of arms on armour clashing, and screams, and shouts, and cries;<br /> +The good men of the King, that sit his hall around,<br /> +All suddenly upspring, astonished at the sound.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King leans from his chamber, from the balcony on high—<br /> +"What means this furious clamour my palace-porch so nigh?"<br /> +But when he looked below him, there were horsemen at the gate,<br /> +And the fair Ximena Gomez, kneeling in woeful state.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Upon her neck, disordered, hung down the lady's hair,<br /> +And floods of tears were streaming upon her bosom fair.<br /> +Sore wept she for her father, the Count that had been slain;<br /> +Loud cursèd she Rodrigo, whose sword his blood did stain.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They turned to bold Rodrigo, I wot his cheek was red;—<br /> +With haughty wrath he listened to the words Ximena said—<br /> +"Good King, I cry for justice. Now, as my voice thou hearest,<br /> +So God befriend the children, that in thy land thou rearest.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The King that doth not justice hath forfeited his claim,<br /> +Both to his kingly station, and to his kingly name;<br /> +He should not sit at banquet, clad in the royal pall,<br /> +Nor should the nobles serve him on knee within the hall.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Good King, I am descended from barons bright of old,<br /> +That with Castilian pennons, Pelayo did uphold;<br /> +But if my strain were lowly, as it is high and clear,<br /> +Thou <ins title="original reads till">still</ins> shouldst prop the feeble, and the afflicted hear.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"For thee, fierce homicide, draw, draw thy sword once more,<br /> +And pierce the breast which wide I spread thy stroke before;<br /> +Because I am a woman, my life thou needst not spare,—<br /> +I am Ximena Gomez, my slaughtered father's heir.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Since thou hast slain the Knight that did our faith defend,<br /> +And still to shameful flight all the Almanzors send,<br /> +'Tis but a little matter that I confront thee so,<br /> +Come, champion, slay his daughter, she needs must be thy foe."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Ximena gazed upon him, but no reply could meet;<br /> +His fingers held the bridle; he vaulted to his seat.<br /> +She turned her to the nobles, I wot her cry was loud,<br /> +But not a man durst follow; slow rode he through the crowd.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="C5MK" id="C5MK"></a>THE<br /> +CID AND THE FIVE MOORISH KINGS.</h3> + + +<p>The reader will find the story of this ballad in Mr. +Southey's "Chronicle of the Cid." "And the Moors +entered Castile in great power, for there came with them +five kings," &c. Book I. Sect. 4.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Cid and 5 Moorish kings"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With fire and desolation the Moors are in Castile,<br /> +Five Moorish kings together, and all their vassals leal;<br /> +They've passed in front of Burgos, through the Oca-Hills they've run,<br /> +They've plundered Belforado, San Domingo's harm is done.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +In Najara and Lograno there's waste and disarray:—<br /> +And now with Christian captives, a very heavy prey,<br /> +With many men and women, and boys and girls beside,<br /> +In joy and exultation to their own realms they ride.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +For neither king nor noble would dare their path to cross,<br /> +Until the good Rodrigo heard of this skaith and loss;<br /> +In old Bivar the castle he heard the tidings told,<br /> +(He was as yet a stripling, not twenty summers old.)</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He mounted Bavieca, his friends he with him took,<br /> +He raised the country round him, no more such scorn to brook;<br /> +He rode to the hills of Oca, where then the Moormen lay,<br /> +He conquered all the Moormen, and took from them their prey.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +To every man had mounted he gave his part of gain,<br /> +Dispersing the much treasure the Saracens had ta'en;<br /> +The Kings were all the booty himself had from the war,<br /> +Them led he to the castle, his stronghold of Bivar.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He brought them to his mother, proud dame that day was she:—<br /> +They owned him for their Signior, and then he set them free:<br /> +Home went they, much commending Rodrigo of Bivar,<br /> +And sent him lordly tribute, from their Moorish realms afar.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CC" id="CC"></a>THE CID'S COURTSHIP.</h3> + +<p>See Mr. Southey's "Chronicle of the Cid" (Book I. Sect. V) +for this part of the Cid's story, as given in the General +Chronicle of Spain.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Cid's Courtship"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Now, of Rodrigo de Bivar great was the fame that run,<br /> +How he five Kings had vanquished, proud Moormen every one;<br /> +And how, when they consented to hold of him their ground,<br /> +He freed them from the prison wherein they had been bound.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +To the good King Fernando, in Burgos where he lay,<br /> +Came then Ximena Gomez, and thus to him did say:—<br /> +"I am Don Gomez' daughter, in Gormaz Count was he;<br /> +Him slew Rodrigo of Bivar in battle valiantly.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now am I come before you, this day a boon to crave,<br /> +And it is that I to husband may this Rodrigo have;<br /> +Grant this, and I shall hold me a happy damosell,<br /> +Much honoured shall I hold me, I shall be married well.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I know he's born for thriving, none like him in the land;<br /> +I know that none in battle against his spear may stand;<br /> +Forgiveness is well pleasing in God our Saviour's view.<br /> +And I forgive him freely, for that my sire he slew."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Right pleasing to Fernando was the thing she did propose;<br /> +He writes his letter swiftly, and forth his foot-page goes;<br /> +I wot, when young Rodrigo saw how the King did write,<br /> +He leapt on Bavieca—I wot his leap was light.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With his own troop of true men forthwith he took the way,<br /> +Three hundred friends and kinsmen, all gently born were they;<br /> +All in one colour mantled, in armour gleaming gay,<br /> +New were both scarf and scabbard, when they went forth that day.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King came out to meet him, with words of hearty cheer;<br /> +Quoth he, "My good Rodrigo, you are right welcome here;<br /> +This girl Ximena Gomez would have ye for her lord,<br /> +Already for the slaughter her grace she doth accord.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I pray you be consenting, my gladness will be great;<br /> +You shall have lands in plenty, to strengthen your estate."—<br /> +"Lord King," Rodrigo answers, "in this and all beside<br /> +Command, and I'll obey you. The girl shall be my bride."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +But when the fair Ximena came forth to plight her hand,<br /> +Rodrigo, gazing on her, his face could not command:<br /> +He stood and blushed before her;—thus at the last said he—<br /> +"I slew thy sire, Ximena, but not in villany:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"In no disguise I slew him, man against man I stood;<br /> +There was some wrong between us, and I did shed his blood.<br /> +I slew a man, I owe a man; fair lady, by God's grace,<br /> +An honoured husband thou shalt have in thy dead father's place."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CW" id="CW"></a>THE CID'S WEDDING.</h3> + +<p>The following ballad, which contains some curious traits of +rough and antique manners, is not included in Escobar's +Collection. There is one there descriptive of the same +event, but apparently executed by a much more modern +hand.</p> +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Cid's Wedding"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Within his hall of Burgos the King prepares the feast:<br /> +He makes his preparation for many a noble guest.<br /> +It is a joyful city, it is a gallant day,<br /> +'Tis the Campeador's wedding, and who will bide away?</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Layn Calvo, the Lord Bishop, he first comes forth the gate,<br /> +Behind him comes Ruy Diaz, in all his bridal state;<br /> +The crowd makes way before them as up the street they go;—<br /> +For the multitude of people their steps must needs be slow.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King had taken order that they should rear an arch,<br /> +From house to house all over, in the way where they must march;<br /> +They have hung it all with lances, and shields, and glittering helms,<br /> +Brought by the Campeador from out the Moorish realms.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They have scattered olive branches and rushes on the street,<br /> +And the ladies fling down garlands at the Campeador's feet;<br /> +With tapestry and broidery their balconies between,<br /> +To do his bridal honour, their walls the burghers screen.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They lead the bulls before them all covered o'er with trappings;<br /> +The little boys pursue them with hootings and with clappings;<br /> +The fool, with cap and bladder, upon his ass goes prancing,<br /> +Amidst troops of captive maidens with bells and cymbals dancing.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With antics and with fooleries, with shouting and with laughter,<br /> +They fill the streets of Burgos—and The Devil he comes after,<br /> +For the King has hired the horned fiend for sixteen maravedis,<br /> +And there he goes, with hoofs for toes, to terrify the ladies.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then comes the bride Ximena—the King he holds her hand;<br /> +And the Queen, and, all in fur and pall, the nobles of the land;<br /> +All down the street the ears of wheat are round Ximena flying,<br /> +But the King lifts off her bosom sweet whatever there is lying.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Quoth Suero, when he saw it, (his thought you understand,)<br /> +"'Tis a fine thing to be a King; but Heaven make me a Hand!"<br /> +The King was very merry, when he was told of this,<br /> +And swore the bride ere eventide, must give the boy a kiss.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King went always talking, but she held down her head,<br /> +And seldom gave an answer to anything he said;<br /> +It was better to be silent, among such a crowd of folk,<br /> +Than utter words so meaningless as she did when she spoke.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="CL" id="CL"></a>THE CID AND THE LEPER.</h3> + +<p>Like our own Robert the Bruce, the great Spanish hero +is represented as exhibiting, on many occasions, great +gentleness of disposition and compassion. But while old +Barbour is contented with such simple anecdotes as that +of a poor laundress being suddenly taken ill with the +pains of childbirth, and the king stopping the march of his +army rather than leave her unprotected, the minstrels of +Spain, never losing an opportunity of gratifying the superstitious +propensities of their audience, are sure to let no +similar incident in their champion's history pass without a +miracle.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Cid and the Leper"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He has ta'en some twenty gentlemen, along with him to go,<br /> +For he will pay that ancient vow he to Saint James doth owe;<br /> +To Compostella, where the shrine doth by the altar stand,<br /> +The good Rodrigo de Bivar is riding through the land.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Where'er he goes, much alms he throws, to feeble folk and poor;<br /> +Beside the way for him they pray, him blessings to procure;<br /> +For, God and Mary Mother, their heavenly grace to win,<br /> +His hand was ever bountiful: great was his joy therein.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +And there, in middle of the path, a leper did appear;<br /> +In a deep slough the leper lay, none would to help come near.<br /> +With a loud voice he thence did cry, "For God our Saviour's sake,<br /> +From out this fearful jeopardy a Christian brother take."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When Roderick heard that piteous word, he from his horse came down;<br /> +For all they said, no stay he made, that noble champion;<br /> +He reached his hand to pluck him forth, of fear was no account,<br /> +Then mounted on his steed of worth, and made the leper mount.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Behind him rode the leprous man; when to their hostelrie<br /> +They came, he made him eat with him at table cheerfully;<br /> +While all the rest from that poor guest with loathing shrunk away,<br /> +To his own bed the wretch he led, beside him there he lay.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +All at the mid-hour of the night, while good Rodrigo slept,<br /> +A breath came from the leprous man, it through his shoulders crept;<br /> +Right through the body, at the breast, passed forth that breathing cold;<br /> +I wot he leaped up with a start, in terrors manifold.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He groped for him in the bed, but him he could not find,<br /> +Through the dark chamber groped he, with very anxious mind;<br /> +Loudly he lifted up his voice, with speed a lamp was brought,<br /> +Yet nowhere was the leper seen, though far and near they sought.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He turned him to his chamber, God wot, perplexèd sore<br /> +With that which had befallen—when lo! his face before,<br /> +There stood a man, all clothed in vesture shining white:<br /> +Thus said the vision, "Sleepest thou, or wakest thou, Sir Knight?"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I sleep not," quoth Rodrigo; "but tell me who art thou,<br /> +For, in the midst of darkness, much light is on thy brow?"—<br /> +"I am the holy Lazarus, I come to speak with thee;<br /> +I am the same poor leper thou savedst for charity.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Not vain the trial, nor in vain thy victory hath been;<br /> +God favours thee, for that my pain thou didst relieve yestreen.<br /> +There shall be honour with thee, in battle and in peace,<br /> +Success in all thy doings, and plentiful increase.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Strong enemies shall not prevail, thy greatness to undo;<br /> +Thy name shall make men's cheeks full pale—Christians and Moslem too;<br /> +A death of honour shalt thou die, such grace to thee is given,<br /> +Thy soul shall part victoriously, and be received in heaven."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When he these gracious words had said, the spirit vanished quite,<br /> +Rodrigo rose and knelt him down—he knelt till morning light;<br /> +Unto the Heavenly Father, and Mary Mother dear,<br /> +He made his prayer right humbly, till dawned the morning clear.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="Bvca" id="Bvca"></a>BAVIECA.</h3> + +<p>Montaigne, in his curious Essay, entitled "Des Destriers," +says that all the world knows everything about Bucephalus. +The name of the favourite charger of the Cid Ruy Diaz, is +scarcely less celebrated. Notice is taken of him in almost +every one of the hundred ballads concerning the history of +his master,—and there are two or three of these, of which +the horse is more truly the hero than his rider. In one of +these ballads, the Cid is giving directions about his funeral; +he desires that they shall place his body "in full armour +upon Bavieca," and so conduct him to the church of San +Pedro de Cardeña. This was done accordingly; and, says +another ballad—</p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<p class="noindent">Truxeron pues a Babieca;<br /> +Y en mirandole se puso<br /> +Tan triste como si fuera<br /> +Mas rasonable que bruto. + </p> +</div> + +<p>In the Cid's last will, mention is also made of this noble +charger. "When ye bury Bavieca, dig deep," says Ruy +Diaz; "for shameful thing were it, that he should be eat +by curs, who hath trampled down so much currish flesh +of Moors."</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Bavieca"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King looked on him kindly, as on a vassal true;<br /> +Then to the King Ruy Diaz spake after reverence due,—<br /> +"O King, the thing is shameful, that any man beside<br /> +The liege lord of Castile himself should Bavieca ride:</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"For neither Spain nor Araby could another charger bring<br /> +So good as he, and certes, the best befits my King.<br /> +But that you may behold him, and know him to the core,<br /> +I'll make him go as he was wont when his nostrils smelt the Moor."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +With that, the Cid, clad as he was in mantle furred and wide,<br /> +On Bavieca vaulting, put the rowel in his side;<br /> +And up and down, and round and round, so fierce was his career,<br /> +Streamed like a pennon on the wind Ruy Diaz' minivere.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +And all that saw them praised them—they lauded man and horse,<br /> +As matched well, and rivalless for gallantry and force;<br /> +Ne'er had they looked on horseman might to this knight come near,<br /> +Nor on other charger worthy of such a cavalier.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Thus, to and fro a-rushing the fierce and furious steed,<br /> +He snapt in twain his hither rein:—"God pity now the Cid."<br /> +"God pity Diaz," cried the Lords,—but when they looked again,<br /> +They saw Ruy Diaz ruling him, with the fragment of his rein;<br /> +They saw him proudly ruling with gesture firm and calm,<br /> +Like a true lord commanding—and obeyed as by a lamb.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +And so he led him foaming and panting to the King,<br /> +But "No," said Don Alphonso, "it were a shameful thing<br /> +That peerless Bavieca should ever be bestrid<br /> +By any mortal but Bivar—Mount, mount again, my Cid."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="EC" id="EC"></a>THE EXCOMMUNICATION OF THE CID.</h3> + +<p>The last specimen I shall give of the Cid-ballad, is one the +subject of which is evidently of the most apocryphal cast. +It is, however, so far as I recollect, the only one of all that +immense collection that is quoted or alluded to in Don +Quixote. "Sancho," cried Don Quixote, "I am afraid of +being excommunicated for having laid violent hands upon a +man in holy orders, <i>Juxta illud; si quis suadente diabolo</i>, + &c. But yet, now I think on it, I never touched him with +my hands, but only with my lance; besides, I did not in +the least suspect I had to do with priests, whom I honour +and revere as every good Catholic and faithful Christian +ought to do, but rather took them to be evil spirits. Well, +let the worst come to the worst, I remember what befel the +Cid Ruy Diaz, when he broke to pieces the chair of a king's +ambassador in the Pope's presence, for which he was excommunicated; +which did not hinder the worthy Rodrigo +de Bivar from behaving himself that day like a valorous +knight, and a man of honour."</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Excommunication of the Cid"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +It was when from Spain across the main the Cid had come to Rome,<br /> +He chanced to see chairs four and three beneath Saint Peter's dome.<br /> +"Now tell, I pray, what chairs be they;"—"Seven kings do sit thereon,<br /> +As well doth suit, all at the foot of the holy Father's throne."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"The Pope he sitteth above them all, that they may kiss his toe,<br /> +Below the keys the Flower-de-lys doth make a gallant show:<br /> +For his great puissance, the King of France next to the Pope may sit,<br /> +The rest more low, all in a row, as doth their station fit."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Ha!" quoth the Cid, "now God forbid! it is a shame, I wiss,<br /> +To see the Castle<a href="#mt5"><small><sup>5</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt5r" id="mt5r"></a> planted beneath the Flower-de-lys.<a href="#mt6"><small><sup>6</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt6r" id="mt6r"></a><br /> +No harm, I hope, good Father Pope—although I move thy chair."<br /> +—In pieces small he kicked it all, ('twas of the ivory fair).</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Pope's own seat he from his feet did kick it far away,<br /> +And the Spanish chair he planted upon its place that day;<br /> +Above them all he planted it, and laughed right bitterly;<br /> +Looks sour and bad I trow he had, as grim as grim might be.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Now when the Pope was aware of this, he was an angry man,<br /> +His lips that night, with solemn rite, pronounced the awful ban;<br /> +The curse of God, who died on rood, was on that sinner's head—<br /> +To hell and woe man's soul must go if once that curse be said.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +I wot, when the Cid was aware of this, a woful man was he,<br /> +At dawn of day he came to pray at the blessèd Father's knee:<br /> +"Absolve me, blessèd Father, have pity upon me,<br /> +Absolve my soul, and penance I for my sin will dree."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Who is this sinner," quoth the Pope, "that at my foot doth kneel?"<br /> +—"I am Rodrigo Diaz—a poor Baron of Castile."—<br /> +Much marvelled all were in the hall, when that name they heard him say,<br /> +—"Rise up, rise up," the Pope he said, "I do thy guilt away;—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I do thy guilt away," he said—"and my curse I blot it out—<br /> +God save Rodrigo Diaz, my Christian champion stout;—<br /> +I trow, if I had known thee, my grief it had been sore,<br /> +To curse Ruy Diaz de Bivar, God's scourge upon the Moor."</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h2>PART III.</h2> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3><a name="CAIS" id="CAIS"></a>COUNT ALARCOS AND THE INFANTA SOLISA.</h3> + + +<p>Mr. Bouterweck has analyzed this ballad, and commented +upon it at some length, in his History of Spanish Literature. +See Book I, Section 1.</p> + +<p>He bestows particular praise upon a passage, which the +reader will find attempted in the fourth line of stanza xxxi. +of the following version—</p> + +<p class="poem2">Dedes me aça este hijo amamare por despedida.</p> + +<p>"What modern poet," says he, "would have dared to +imagine that <i>trait</i>, at once so natural and touching?"</p> + +<p>Mr. Bouterweck seems to be of opinion that the story of +the ballad had been taken from some prose romance of +chivalry; but I have not been able to find any trace of it.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table class="sm" style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="3" summary="Alarcos and Solisa"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">I.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Alone, as was her wont, she sate,—within her bower alone;—<br /> +Alone, and very desolate, Solisa made her moan,<br /> +Lamenting for her flower of life, that it should pass away,<br /> +And she be never wooed to wife, nor see a bridal day.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">II.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Thus said the sad Infanta—"I will not hide my grief,<br /> +I'll tell my father of my wrong, and he will yield relief."—<br /> +The King, when he beheld her near, "Alas! my child," said he,<br /> +"What means this melancholy cheer?—reveal thy grief to me."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">III.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Good King," she said, "my mother was buried long ago,<br /> +She left me to thy keeping, none else my griefs shall know;<br /> +I fain would have a husband, 'tis time that I should wed,—<br /> +Forgive the words I utter, with mickle shame they're said."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +'Twas thus the King made answer,—"This fault is none of mine,<br /> +You to the Prince of Hungary your ear would not incline;<br /> +Yet round us here where lives your peer?—nay, name him if you can,—<br /> +Except the Count Alarcos, and he's a married man."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">V.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Ask Count Alarcos, if of yore his word he did not plight<br /> +To be my husband evermore, and love me day and night?<br /> +If he has bound him in new vows, old oaths he cannot break—<br /> +Alas! I've lost a loyal spouse, for a false lover's sake."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The good King sat confounded in silence for some space,<br /> +At length he made this answer, with very troubled face,—<br /> +"It was not thus your mother gave counsel you should do;<br /> +You've done much wrong, my daughter; we're shamed, both I and you.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"If it be true that you have said, our honour's lost and gone;<br /> +And while the Countess is in life, remeed for us is none.<br /> +Though justice were upon our side, ill-talkers would not spare—<br /> +Speak, daughter, for your mother's dead, whose counsel eased my care."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">VIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"How can I give you counsel?—but little wit have I;<br /> +But certes, Count Alarcos may make this Countess die;<br /> +Let it be noised that sickness cut short her tender life,<br /> +And then let Count Alarcos come and ask me for his wife.<br /> +What passed between us long ago, of that be nothing said;<br /> +Thus none shall our dishonour know, in honour I shall wed."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">IX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The Count was standing with his friends, thus in the midst he spake—<br /> +"What fools we be! what pains men dree for a fair woman's sake!<br /> +I loved a fair one long ago;—though I'm a married man,<br /> +Sad memory I can ne'er forego, how life and love began."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">X.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +While yet the Count was speaking, the good King came full near;<br /> +He made his salutation with very courteous cheer.<br /> +"Come hither, Count Alarcos, and dine with me this day,<br /> +For I have something secret I in your ear must say."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The King came from the chapel, when he had heard the mass;<br /> +With him the Count Alarcos did to his chamber pass;<br /> +Full nobly were they servèd there, by pages many a one;<br /> +When all were gone, and they alone, 'twas thus the King begun.—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"What news be these, Alarcos, that you your word did plight,<br /> +To be a husband to my child, and love her day and night?<br /> +If more between you there did pass, yourself may know the truth,<br /> +But shamed is my grey-head—alas!—and scorned Solisa's youth.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I have a heavy word to speak—a lady fair doth lie<br /> +Within my daughter's rightful place, and certes! she must die—<br /> +Let it be noised that sickness cut short her tender life,<br /> +Then come and woo my daughter, and she shall be your wife:—<br /> +What passed between you long ago, of that be nothing said,<br /> +Thus, none shall my dishonour know—in honour you shall wed."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Thus spake the Count Alarcos—"The truth I'll not deny,<br /> +I to the Infanta gave my troth, and broke it shamefully;<br /> +I feared my King would ne'er consent to give me his fair daughter;<br /> +But, oh! spare her that's innocent—avoid that sinful slaughter."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"She dies, she dies," the King replies; "from thine own sin it springs,<br /> +If guiltless blood must wash the blot which stains the blood of kings:<br /> +Ere morning dawn her life must end, and thine must be the deed,<br /> +Else thou on shameful block must bend: thereof is no remeed."</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Good King, my hand thou mayst command, else treason blots my name!<br /> +I'll take the life of my dear wife—(God! mine be not the blame!)<br /> +Alas! that young and sinless heart for others' sin should bleed!<br /> +Good King, in sorrow I depart."——"May God your errand speed!"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +In sorrow he departed, dejectedly he rode<br /> +The weary journey from that place, unto his own abode;<br /> +He grieved for his fair Countess, dear as his life was she;<br /> +Sore grieved he for that lady, and for his children three.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The one was yet an infant upon its mother's breast,<br /> +For though it had three nurses, it liked her milk the best;<br /> +The others were young children, that had but little wit,<br /> +Hanging about their mother's knee while nursing she did sit.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Alas!" he said, when he had come within a little space,<br /> +"How shall I brook the cheerful look of my kind lady's face?<br /> +To see her coming forth in glee to meet me in my hall,<br /> +When she so soon a corpse must be, and I the cause of all!"</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Just then he saw her at the door with all her babes appear—<br /> +(The little page had run before to tell his lord was near)<br /> +"Now welcome home, my lord, my life!—Alas! you droop your head<br /> +Tell, Count Alarcos, tell your wife, what makes your eyes so red?"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"I'll tell you all—I'll tell you all: It is not yet the hour;<br /> +We'll sup together in the hall—I'll tell you in your bower."<br /> +The lady brought forth what she had, and down beside him sate;<br /> +He sat beside her pale and sad, but neither drank nor ate.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +The children to his side were led (he loved to have them so),<br /> +Then on the board he laid his head, and out his tears did flow:—<br /> +"I fain would sleep—I fain would sleep,"—the Count Alarcos said:—<br /> +Alas! be sure, that sleep was none that night within their bed.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +They came together to the bower where they were used to rest,<br /> +None with them but the little babe that was upon the breast:<br /> +The Count had barred the chamber doors, they ne'er were barred till then;<br /> +"Unhappy lady," he began, "and I most lost of men!"</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Now, speak not so, my noble lord, my husband and my life,<br /> +Unhappy never can she be, that is Alarcos' wife."—<br /> +"Alas! unhappy lady, 'tis but little that you know,<br /> +For in that very word you've said is gathered all your woe.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Long since I loved a lady,—long since I oaths did plight,<br /> +To be that lady's husband, to love her day and night;<br /> +Her father is our lord the King, to him the thing is known,<br /> +And now, that I the news should bring! she claims me for her own.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Alas! my love, alas! my life, the right is on their side;<br /> +Ere I had seen your face, sweet wife, she was betrothed my bride;<br /> +But, oh! that I should speak the word—since in her place you lie,<br /> +It is the bidding of our Lord, that you this night must die."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Are these the wages of my love, so lowly and so leal?—<br /> +O, kill me not, thou noble Count, when at thy foot I kneel!—<br /> +But send me to my father's house, where once I dwelt in glee,<br /> +There will I live a lone chaste life, and rear my children three."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXVIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"It may not be—mine oath is strong—ere dawn of day you die!"—<br /> +"O! well 'tis seen how all alone upon the earth am I—<br /> +My father is an old frail man,—my mother's in her grave,—<br /> +And dead is stout Don Garcia—Alas! my brother brave!</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXIX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"'Twas at this coward King's command they slew my brother dear,<br /> +And now I'm helpless in the land:—It is not death I fear,<br /> +But loth, loth am I to depart, and leave my children so—<br /> +Now let me lay them to my heart, and kiss them ere I go."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXX.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Kiss him that lies upon thy breast—the rest thou mayst not see."—<br /> +"I fain would say an Ave."—"Then say it speedily."—<br /> +She knelt her down upon her knee: "O Lord! behold my case—<br /> +Judge not my deeds, but look on me in pity and great grace."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +When she had made her orison, up from her knees she rose—<br /> +"Be kind, Alarcos, to our babes, and pray for my repose—<br /> +And now give me my boy once more upon my breast to hold,<br /> +That he may drink one farewell drink, before my breast be cold."—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"Why would you waken the poor child? you see he is asleep—<br /> +Prepare, dear wife, there is no time, the dawn begins to peep."—<br /> +"Now hear me, Count Alarcos! I give thee pardon free—<br /> +I pardon thee for the love's sake wherewith I've lovèd thee.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXIII.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +"But they have not my pardon, the King and his proud daughter—<br /> +The curse of God be on them, for this unchristian slaughter!—<br /> +I charge them with my dying breath, ere thirty days be gone,<br /> +To meet me in the realm of death, and at God's awful throne!"—</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXIV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +He drew a kerchief round her neck, he drew it tight and strong,<br /> +Until she lay quite stiff and cold her chamber floor along;<br /> +He laid her then within the sheets, and, kneeling by her side,<br /> +To God and Mary Mother in misery he cried.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXV.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Then called he for his esquires:—oh! deep was their dismay,<br /> +When they into the chamber came, and saw her how she lay;—<br /> +Thus died she in her innocence, a lady void of wrong,<br /> +But God took heed of their offence—his vengeance stayed not long.</p> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <span class="toctitle">XXXVI.</span> + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td align="left"> + <p class="noindent"> +Within twelve days, in pain and dole, the Infanta passed away,<br /> +The cruel King gave up his soul upon the twentieth day;<br /> +Alarcos followed ere the Moon had made her round complete.—<br /> +Three guilty spirits stood right soon before God's judgment-seat.</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h2><a name="GESTA_ROMANORUM" id="GESTA_ROMANORUM"></a>TALES FROM THE<br /> +GESTA ROMANORUM.</h2> +<p> </p> +<h3>CONTENTS.</h3> + +<div class="center"> +<table style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="1" summary="Gesta_Romanorum_Contents"> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">I. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr1" ><span class="smallcaps">The Eight Pennies</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">II. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr2" ><span class="smallcaps">The Three Truths</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">III. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr3" ><span class="smallcaps">The Husband of Aglaes</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">IV. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr4" ><span class="smallcaps">The Three Caskets</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">V. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr5" ><span class="smallcaps">The Three Cakes</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">VI. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr6" ><span class="smallcaps">The Hermit</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">VII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr7" ><span class="smallcaps">The Lost Foot</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">VIII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr8" ><span class="smallcaps">Placidus</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">IX. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr9" ><span class="smallcaps">Dead Alexander</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">X. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr10" ><span class="smallcaps">The Tree of Paletinus</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XI. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr11" ><span class="smallcaps">Hungry Flies</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr12" ><span class="smallcaps">The Humbling of Jovinian</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XIII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr13" ><span class="smallcaps">The Two Physicians</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XIV. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr14" ><span class="smallcaps">The Falcon</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XV. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr15" ><span class="smallcaps">Let the Laziest be King</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XVI. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr16" ><span class="smallcaps">The Three Maxims</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XVII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr17" ><span class="smallcaps">A Loaf for a Dream</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XVIII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr18" ><span class="smallcaps">Lower than the Beasts</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XIX. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr19" ><span class="smallcaps">Of Real Friendship</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XX. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr20" ><span class="smallcaps">Royal Bounty</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXI. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr21" ><span class="smallcaps">Wily Beguiled</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr22" ><span class="smallcaps">The Basilisk</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXIII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr23" ><span class="smallcaps">The Trump of Death</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXIV. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr24" ><span class="smallcaps">Alexander and the Pirate</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXV. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr25" ><span class="smallcaps">A Tale of a Penny</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXVI. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr26" ><span class="smallcaps">Of Avoiding Imprecations</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXVII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr27" ><span class="smallcaps">A Verse Exercise</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXVIII. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr28" ><span class="smallcaps">Bred in the Bone</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXIX. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr29" ><span class="smallcaps">Fulgentius</span>.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" valign="top">XXX. </td> <td align="left"><a href="#gr30" ><span class="smallcaps">Vengeance Deferred</span>.</a></td></tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + + +<h3>I.—<a name="gr1" id="gr1"></a>THE EIGHT PENNIES.</h3> + + +<p>When Titus was Emperor of Rome, he made a decree that +the natal day of his first-born son should be held sacred, +and that whosoever violated it by any kind of labour should +be put to death. Then he called Virgil to him, and said, +"Good friend, I have made a certain law; we desire you to +frame some curious piece of art which may reveal to us +every transgressor of the law." Virgil constructed a magic +statue, and caused it to be set up in the midst of the city. +By virtue of the secret powers with which it was invested, it +told the emperor whatever was done amiss. And thus by +the accusation of the statue, an infinite number of persons +were convicted and punished.</p> + +<p>Now there was a certain carpenter, called Focus, who +pursued his occupation every day alike. Once, as he lay in +bed, his thoughts turned upon the accusations of the statue, +and the multitudes which it had caused to perish. In the +morning he clothed himself, and proceeded to the statue, +which he addressed in the following manner: "O statue! +statue! because of thy informations, many of our citizens +have been taken and slain. I vow to my God, that if thou +accusest <i>me</i>, I will break thy head." Having so said, he +returned home.</p> + +<p>About the first hour, the emperor, as he was wont, +despatched sundry messengers to the statue, to inquire if +the edict had been strictly complied with. After they had +arrived, and delivered the emperors pleasure, the statue +exclaimed: "Friends, look up; what see ye written upon +my forehead?" They looked, and beheld three sentences +which ran thus: "<span class="smallcaps">Times are altered. Men grow worse. +He who speaks truth has his head broken.</span>" "Go," +said the statue, "declare to his majesty what you have seen +and read." The messengers obeyed, and detailed the circumstances +as they had happened.</p> + +<p>The emperor therefore commanded his guard to arm, and +march to the place on which the statue was erected; and he +further ordered, that if any one presumed to molest it, they +should bind him hand and foot, and drag him into his +presence.</p> + +<p>The soldiers approached the statue and said, "Our +emperor wills you to declare the name of the scoundrel who +threatens you."</p> + +<p>The statue made answer, "It is Focus the carpenter. +Every day he violates the law, and, moreover, menaces me +with a broken head, if I expose him."</p> + +<p>Immediately Focus was apprehended, and conducted to +the emperor, who said, "Friend, what do I hear of thee? +Why hast thou broken my law?"</p> + +<p>"My lord," answered Focus, "I cannot keep it; for I am +obliged to obtain every day eight pennies, which, without +incessant work, I have not the means of getting."</p> + +<p>"And why eight pennies?" said the emperor.</p> + +<p>"Every day through the year," returned the carpenter, "I +am bound to repay two pennies which I borrowed in my +youth; two I lend; two I lose; and two I spend."</p> + +<p>"For what reason do you this?" asked the emperor.</p> + +<p>"My lord," he replied, "listen to me. I am bound each +day to repay two pennies to my father; for, when I was a +boy, my father expended upon me daily the like sum. Now +he is poor, and needs my assistance, and therefore I return +what I borrowed formerly. Two other pennies I lend to +my son, who is pursuing his studies; in order, that if by +any chance I should fall into poverty, he may restore the +loan, just as I have done to his grandfather. Again, I lose +two pennies every day on my wife; for she is contradictious, +wilful, and passionate. Now, because of this disposition, I +account whatsoever is given to her entirely lost. Lastly, +two other pennies I expend upon myself in meat and drink. +I cannot do with less, nor can I earn them without unremitting +labour. You now know the truth; and, I pray you, +judge dispassionately and truly."</p> + +<p>"Friend," said the emperor, "thou hast answered well. +Go, and labour earnestly in thy calling."</p> + +<p>Soon after this the emperor died, and Focus the carpenter, +on account of his singular wisdom, was elected in his +stead by the unanimous choice of the whole nation. He +governed as wisely as he had lived; and at his death, his +picture, bearing on the head eight pennies, was reposited +among the effigies of the deceased emperors.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>II.—<a name="gr2" id="gr2"></a>THE THREE TRUTHS.</h3> + + +<p>A certain king, named Asmodeus, established an ordinance, +by which every malefactor taken and brought before +the judge, should distinctly declare three truths, against +which no exception could be taken, or else be hanged. If, +however, he did this, his life and property should be safe. +It chanced that a certain soldier transgressed the law and +fled. He hid himself in a forest, and there committed many +atrocities, despoiling and slaying whomsoever he could lay +his hands upon. When the judge of the district ascertained +his haunt, he ordered the forest to be surrounded, and the +soldier to be seized, and brought bound to the seat of +judgment.</p> + +<p>"You know the law," said the judge.</p> + +<p>"I do," returned the other. "If I declare three unquestionable +truths I shall be free; but if not, I must die."</p> + +<p>"True," replied the judge; "take then advantage of the +law's clemency, or undergo the punishment it awards without +delay."</p> + +<p>"Cause silence to be kept," said the soldier undauntedly.</p> + +<p>His wish being complied with, he proceeded in the following +manner: "The first truth is this. I protest before +ye all, that from my youth up, I have been a bad man."</p> + +<p>The judge, hearing this, said to the bystanders, "He +says true?" They answered: "Else he had not now been +in this situation." "Go on, then," said the judge. "What +is the second truth?"</p> + +<p>"I like not," exclaimed he, "the dangerous situation in +which I stand."</p> + +<p>"Certainly," said the judge, "we may credit thee. Now +then for the third truth, and thou hast saved thy life."</p> + +<p>"Why," he replied, "if I once get out of this confounded +place, I will never willingly re-enter it."</p> + +<p>"Amen," said the judge, "thy wit hath preserved thee; +go in peace." And thus he was saved.</p> + +<p> </p> + + +<h3>III.—<a name="gr3" id="gr3"></a>THE HUSBAND OF AGLAES.</h3> + + +<p>In Rome some time dwelt a mighty emperor named Philominus, +who had one only daughter, who was fair and +gracious in the sight of every man, who had to name Aglaes. +There was also in the emperor's palace a gentle knight that +loved dearly this lady. It befell after on a day, that this +knight talked with this lady, and secretly uttered his desire +to her. Then she said courteously, "Seeing you have +uttered to me the secrets of your heart, I will likewise for +your love utter to you the secrets of my heart: and truly I +say, that above all other I love you best." Then said the +knight, "I purpose to visit the Holy Land, and therefore give +me your troth, that this seven years you shall take no other +man, but only for my love to tarry for me so long, and if I +come not again by this day seven years, then take what man +you like best. And likewise I promise you that within this +seven years I will take no wife." Then said she, "This +covenant pleaseth me well." When this was said, each of +them was betrothed to other, and then this knight took his +leave of the lady, and went to the Holy Land.</p> + +<p>Shortly after the emperor treated with the king of Hungary +for the marriage of his daughter. Then came the king of +Hungary to the emperor's palace, and when he had seen +his daughter, he liked marvellous well her beauty and her +behaviour, so that the emperor and the king were accorded +in all things as touching the marriage, upon the condition +that the damsel would consent. Then called the emperor +the young lady to him, and said, "O, my fair daughter, I +have provided for thee, that a king shall be thy husband, if +thou list consent; therefore tell me what answer thou wilt +give to this." Then said she to her father, "It pleaseth +me well; but one thing, dear father, I entreat of you, if it +might please you to grant me: I have vowed to keep my +virginity, and not to marry these seven years; therefore, +dear father, I beseech you for all the love that is between +your gracious fatherhood and me, that you name no man to +be my husband till these seven years be ended, and then I +shall be ready in all things to fulfil your will." Then said +the emperor, "Sith it is so that thou hast thus vowed, I +will not break thy vow; but when these seven years be +expired, thou shalt have the king of Hungary to thy +husband."</p> + +<p>Then the emperor sent forth his letters to the king of +Hungary, praying him if it might please him to stay seven +years for the love of his daughter, and then he should speed +without fail. Herewith the king was pleased and content +to stay the prefixed day.</p> + +<p>And when the seven years were ended, save a day, the young +lady stood in her chamber window, and wept sore, saying, +"Woe and alas, as to-morrow my love promised to be with me +again from the Holy Land; and also the king of Hungary to-morrow +will be here to marry me, according to my father's +promise; and if my love comes not at a certain hour, then +am I utterly deceived of the inward love I bear to him."</p> + +<p>When the day came, the king hasted toward the emperor, +to marry his daughter, and was royally arrayed in purple. +And while the king was riding on his way, there came a +knight riding on his way, who said, "I am of the empire +of Rome, and now am lately come from the Holy Land, +and I am ready to do you the best service I can." And as +they rode talking by the way, it began to rain so fast that +all the king's apparel was sore wet. Then said the knight, +"My lord, ye have done foolishly, for as much as ye brought +not with you your house." Then said the king: "Why +speakest thou so? My house is large and broad, and made +of stones and mortar, how should I bring then with me my +house? Thou speakest like a fool." When this was said, +they rode on till they came to a great deep water, and the +king smote his horse with his spurs, and leapt into the +water, so that he was almost drowned. When the knight saw +this, and was over on the other side of the water without peril, +he said to the king, "Ye were in peril, and therefore ye did +foolishly, because ye brought not with you your bridge." +Then said the king, "Thou speakest strangely: my bridge +is made of lime and stone, and containeth in quality more +than half a mile; how should I then bear with me my +bridge? therefore thou speakest foolishly." "Well," said +the knight, "my foolishness may turn you to wisdom." +When the king had ridden a little further, he asked the +knight what time of day it was. Then said the knight, "If +any man hath list to eat, it is time of the day to eat. +Wherefore, my lord, pray take a <i>modicum</i> with me, for that +is no dishonour to you, but great honour to me before the +states of this empire." Then said the king, "I will gladly +eat with thee." They sat both down in a fair vine garden, +and there dined together, both the king and the knight. +And when dinner was done, and that the king had washed, +the knight said unto the king, "My lord, ye have done +foolishly, for that ye brought not with you your father and +mother." Then said the king, "What sayest thou? My +father is dead, and my mother is old, and may not travel; +how should I then bring them with me? Therefore, to say +the truth, a foolisher man than thou art did I never hear." +Then said the knight, "Every work is praised at the end."</p> + +<p>When the knight had ridden a little further, and nigh to +the emperor's palace, he asked leave to go from him; for he +knew a nearer way to the palace, to the young lady, that he +might come first, and carry her away with him. Then said +the king, "I pray thee tell me by what place thou purposest +to ride?" Then said the knight, "I shall tell you +the truth. This day seven years I left a net in a place, and +now I purpose to visit it, and draw it to me, and if it be +whole, then will I take it to me, and keep it as a precious +jewel; if it be broken, then will I leave it." And when he +had thus said, he took his leave of the king, and rode forth; +but the king kept the broad highway.</p> + +<p>When the emperor heard of the king's coming, he went +towards him with a great company, and royally received +him, causing him to shift his wet clothes, and to put on +fresh apparel. And when the emperor and the king were +set at meat, the emperor welcomed him with all the cheer +and solace that he could. And when he had eaten, the +emperor asked tidings of the king. "My lord," said he, +"I shall tell you what I have heard this day by the way: +there came a knight to me, and reverently saluted me; and +anon after there fell a great rain, and greatly spoiled my +apparel. And anon the knight said, 'Sir, ye have done +foolishly, for that ye brought not with you your house.'" +Then said the emperor, "What clothing had the knight +on?" "A cloak," quoth the king. Then said the emperor, +"Sure that was a wise man, for the house whereof he spake +was a cloak, and therefore he said to you that you did +foolishly, because had you come with your cloak, then your +clothes had not been spoiled with rain." Then said the +king, "When he had ridden a little further, we came to a +deep water, and I smote my horse with my spurs, and I +was almost drowned, but he rid through the water without +any peril. Then said he to me, 'You did foolishly, for +that you brought not with you your bridge.'" "Verily," +said the emperor, "he said truth, for he called the squires +the bridge, that should have ridden before you, and assayed +the deepness of the water." Then said the king, "We +rode further, and at the last he prayed me to dine with him. +And when he had dined, he said, I did unwisely, because I +brought not with me my father and mother." "Truly," +said the emperor, "he was a wise man, and saith wisely: +for he called your father and mother, bread and wine, and +other victual." Then said the king, "We rode further, +and anon after he asked me leave to go from me, and I +asked earnestly whither he went; and he answered again, +and said, 'This day seven years I left a net in a private +place, and now I will ride to see it; and if it be broken and +torn, then will I leave it, but if it be as I left it, then shall +it be unto me right precious.'"</p> + +<p>When the emperor heard this, he cried with a loud voice, +and said, "O ye my knights and servants, come ye with +me speedily unto my daughter's chamber, for surely that is +the net of which he spake." And forthwith his knights +and servants went unto his daughter's chamber, and found +her not, for the aforesaid knight had taken her with him. +And thus the king was deceived of the damsel, and he went +home again to his own country ashamed.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>IV.—<a name="gr4" id="gr4"></a>THE THREE CASKETS.</h3> + +<p>Some time dwelt in Rome a mighty emperor, named Anselm, +who had married the king's daughter of Jerusalem, a fair +lady, and gracious in the sight of every man, but she was +long time with the emperor ere she bare him any child; +wherefore the nobles of the empire were very sorrowful, +because their lord had no heir of his own body begotten: +till at last it befell, that this Anselm walked after supper, in +an evening, into his garden, and bethought himself that he +had no heir, and how the king of Ampluy warred on him +continually, for so much as he had no son to make defence +in his absence; therefore he was sorrowful, and went to his +chamber and slept. Then he thought he saw a vision in +his sleep, that the morning was more clear than it was wont +to be, and that the moon was much paler on the one side +than on the other. And after he saw a bird of two colours, +and by that bird stood two beasts, which fed that little bird +with their heat. And after that came more beasts, and +bowing their breasts toward the bird, went their way. Then +came there divers birds that sung sweetly and pleasantly: +with that the emperor awaked.</p> + +<p>In the morning early this Anselm remembered his vision, +and wondered much what it might signify; wherefore he +called to him his philosophers, and all the states of the +empire, and told them his dream, charging them to tell him +the signification thereof on pain of death, and if they told +him the true interpretation thereof, he promised them good +reward. Then said they, "Dear lord, tell us your dream, +and we shall declare to you what it betokens." Then the +emperor told them from the beginning to the ending, as is +aforesaid. When the philosophers heard this, with glad +cheer they answered, and said, "Sir, the vision that you +saw betokeneth good, for the empire shall be clearer than +it is.</p> + +<p>"The moon that is more pale on the one side than on the +other, betokeneth the empress, that hath lost part of her +colour, through the conception of a son that she hath conceived. +The little bird betokeneth the son that she shall +bare. The two beasts that fed this bird betoken the +wise and rich men of the empire which shall obey the son. +These other beasts that bowed their breasts to the bird +betoken many other nations that shall do him homage. +The bird that sang so sweetly to this little bird betokeneth +the Romans, who shall rejoice and sing because of his birth. +This is the very interpretation of your dream."</p> + +<p>When the emperor heard this, he was right joyful. Soon +after that, the empress travailed in childbirth, and was delivered +of a fair son, at whose birth there was great and +wonderful joy made.</p> + +<p>When the king of Ampluy heard this, he thought in himself +thus: "Lo, I have warred against the emperor all the +days of my life, and now he hath a son who, when he cometh +to full age, will revenge the wrong I have done against his +father; therefore it is better that I send to the emperor and +beseech him of truce and peace, that the son may have +nothing against me when he cometh to manhood." When +he had thus said to himself, he wrote to the emperor, +beseeching him to have peace. When the emperor saw +that the king of Ampluy wrote to him more for fear than +for love, he wrote again to him, that if he would find good +and sufficient sureties to keep the peace, and bind himself +all the days of his life to do him service and homage, he +would receive him to peace.</p> + +<p>When the king had read the tenor of the emperor's +letter, he called his council, praying them to give him +counsel how he best might do, as touching this matter. +Then said they, "It is good that ye obey the emperor's will +and commandment in all things. For first, in that he +desired of you surety for the peace; to this we answer +thus: Ye have but one daughter, and the emperor one +son, wherefore let a marriage be made between them, and +that may be a perpetual covenant of peace. Also he asketh +homage and tribute, which it is good to fulfil." Then the +king sent his messengers to the emperor, saying, that he +would fulfil his desire in all things, if it might please his +highness that his son and the king's daughter might be +married together. All this well pleased the emperor, yet +he sent again, saying, "If his daughter were a pure maid +from her birth unto that day, he would consent to that +marriage." Then was the king right glad, for his daughter +was a pure maid.</p> + +<p>Therefore, when the letters of covenant and compact were +sealed, the king furnished a fair ship, wherein he might send +his daughter, with many noble knights, ladies, and great +riches, unto the emperor, for to have his son in marriage.</p> + +<p>And when they were sailing in the sea, towards Rome, a +storm arose so extremely and so horribly that the ship brake +against a rock, and they were all drowned save only the +young lady, which fixed her hope and heart so greatly on +God, that she was saved, and about three of the clock the +tempest ceased, and the lady drove forth over the waves in +that broken ship which was cast up again. But a huge whale +followed after, ready to devour both the ship and her. +Wherefore this young lady, when night came, smote fire +with a stone, wherewith the ship was greatly lightened, and +then the whale durst not adventure toward the ship for fear +of that light. At the cock-crowing, this young lady was so +weary of the great tempest and trouble of sea, that she +slept, and within a little while after the fire ceased, and the +whale came and devoured the virgin. And when she +awaked and found herself swallowed up in the whale's +belly, she smote fire, and with a knife wounded the whale +in many places, and when the whale felt himself wounded, +according to his nature he began to swim to land.</p> + +<p>There was dwelling at that time in a country near by a +noble earl named Pirris, who for his recreation walking on +the sea-shore, saw the whale coming towards the land; +wherefore he turned home again, and gathered a great many +of men and women, and came thither again, and fought with +the whale, and wounded him very sore, and as they smote, +the maiden that was in his belly cried with a high voice, and +said: "O gentle friends, have mercy and compassion on me, +for I am a king's daughter, and a true maid from the hour +of my birth unto this day." When the earl heard this he +wondered greatly, and opened the side of the whale, and +found the young lady, and took her out. And when she +was thus delivered, she told him forthwith whose daughter +she was, and how she had lost all her goods in the sea, and +how she should have been married unto the emperor's son. +And when the earl heard this, he was very glad, and comforted +her the more, and kept her with him till she was well +refreshed. And in the meantime he sent messengers to +the emperor, letting him to know how the king's daughter +was saved.</p> + +<p>Then was the emperor right glad of her safety, and +coming, had great compassion on her, saying, "Ah, good +maiden, for the love of my son thou hast suffered much +woe; nevertheless, if thou be worthy to be his wife, soon +shall I prove." And when he had thus said, he caused three +vessels to be brought forth. The first was made of pure +gold, well beset with precious stones without, and within +full of dead men's bones, and thereupon was engraven this +posie: "<span class="smallcaps">Whoso chooseth me, shall find that he +deserveth.</span>" The second vessel was made of fine silver, +filled with earth and worms, the superscription was thus: +"<span class="smallcaps">Whoso chooseth me, shall find that his nature +desireth.</span>" The third vessel was made of lead, full within +of precious stones, and thereupon was insculpt this posie: +"<span class="smallcaps">Whoso chooseth me, shall find that God hath disposed +for him.</span>" These three vessels the emperor showed +the maiden, and said: "Lo, here daughter, these be rich +vessels. If thou choose one of these, wherein is profit to +thee and to others, then shalt thou have my son. And if +thou choose that wherein is no profit to thee, nor to any +other, soothly thou shalt not marry him."</p> + +<p>When the maiden heard this, she lift up her hands to +God, and said, "Thou Lord, that knowest all things, grant +me grace this hour so to choose, that I may receive the +emperor's son." And with that she beheld the first vessel of +gold, which was engraven royally, and read the superscription, +"<i>Whoso chooseth me, shall find that he deserveth</i>;" +saying thus, "Though this vessel be full precious, and made +of pure gold, nevertheless I know not what is within, therefore, +my dear lord, this vessel will I not choose."</p> + +<p>And then she beheld the second vessel, that was of pure +silver, and read the superscription, "<i>Whoso chooseth me, shall +find that his nature desireth.</i>" Thinking thus within herself, +"If I choose this vessel, what is within I know not, but well I +know, there shall I find that nature desireth, and my nature +desireth the lust of the flesh, and therefore this vessel will I +not choose."</p> + +<p>When she had seen these two vessels, and had given an +answer as touching them, she beheld the third vessel of +lead, and read the superscription, "<i>Whoso chooseth me, shall +find that God hath disposed.</i>" Thinking within herself, "This +vessel is not very rich, nor outwardly precious, yet the +superscription saith, '<i>Whoso chooseth me, shall find that God +hath disposed</i>;' and without doubt God never disposeth +any harm, therefore, by the leave of God, this vessel will I +choose."</p> + +<p>When the emperor heard this, he said, "O fair maiden, +open thy vessel, for it is full of precious stones, and see if +thou hast well chosen or no." And when this young lady +had opened it, she found it full of fine gold and precious +stones, as the emperor had told her before. Then said the +emperor, "Daughter, because thou hast well chosen, thou +shalt marry my son." And then he appointed the wedding-day; +and they were married with great solemnity, and with +much honour continued to their lives' end.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>V.—<a name="gr5" id="gr5"></a>THE THREE CAKES.</h3> + +<p>A certain carpenter, in a city near the sea, very covetous, +and very wicked, collected a large sum of money, and placed +it in the trunk of a tree, which he set by his fire-side, and +never lost sight of. A place like this, he thought, no one +could suspect: but it happened, that while all his household +slept, the sea overflowed its boundaries, broke down that +side of the building where the log was placed, and carried +it away. It floated many miles, and reached, at length, a +city in which there lived a person who kept open house. +Arising early in the morning, he perceived the trunk of a +tree in the water, and thinking it would be of use to him, he +brought it home. He was a liberal, kind-hearted man; +and a great benefactor to the poor. It one day chanced +that he entertained some pilgrims in his house; and the +weather being extremely cold, he cut up the log for firewood. +When he had struck two or three blows with the +axe, he heard a rattling sound; and cleaving it in twain, the +gold pieces rolled out and about. Greatly rejoiced at the +discovery, he put them by in a safe place, until he should +ascertain who was the owner.</p> + +<p>Now the carpenter, bitterly lamenting the loss of his +money, travelled from place to place in pursuit of it. He +came, by accident, to the house of the hospitable man who +had found the trunk. He failed not to mention the object +of his search; and the host, understanding that the money +was his, reflected whether his title to it were good. "I +will prove," said he to himself, "if God will that the money +should be returned to him."</p> + +<p>Accordingly, he made three cakes, the first of which he +filled with earth; the second with the bones of dead men; +and in the third he put a quantity of the gold which he +had discovered in the trunk.</p> + +<p>"Friend," said he, addressing the carpenter, "we will +eat three cakes made of the best meat in my house. Choose +which you will have."</p> + +<p>The carpenter did as he was directed; he took the +cakes and weighed them in his hand, one after another, and +finding that with the earth weigh heaviest, he chose it. "And +if I want more, my worthy host," added he, "I will have +that"—laying his hand upon the cake containing the bones. +"You may keep the third cake yourself."</p> + +<p>"I see clearly," murmured the host, "I see very clearly +that God does not will the money to be restored to this +wretched man." Calling therefore the poor and the infirm, +the blind and the lame, he opened the cake of gold in the +presence of the carpenter, to whom he spoke, "Thou +miserable varlet; this is thine own gold. But thou preferredst +the cake of earth, and dead men's bones. I am +persuaded, therefore, that God wills not that I return thee +thy money." Without delay, he distributed it all amongst +the poor, and drove the carpenter away.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>VI.—<a name="gr6" id="gr6"></a>THE HERMIT.</h3> + +<p>There once lived a hermit, who in a remote cave passed +day and night in God's service. Not far from his cell there +was a flock kept by a shepherd, who one day fell into a +deep sleep, when a robber, seeing him careless, carried off +his sheep. When the keeper awoke, he began to swear in +good set terms that he had lost his sheep; and where they +were gone to he knew not. But the lord of the flock bade +him be put to death. This gave to the hermit great offence. +"O heaven," said he to himself, "seest thou this deed? +The innocent suffers for the guilty: why permittest thou +such things? If thus injustice triumph, why do I remain +here? I will again enter the world, and do as other men +do."</p> + +<p>And so he left his hermitage, and went again into the world; +but God willed not that he should be lost: an angel in the +form of a man was sent to join him. And so, crossing the +hermit's path, he said to him, "Whither bound, my friend?" +"I go," said he, "to yonder city." "I will go with you," +replied the angel; "I am a messenger from heaven, come +to be your companion on the way."</p> + +<p>So they walked on together to the city. When they had +entered, they begged for the love of God harbourage +during the night, at the house of a certain soldier, who +received them cheerfully and entertained them nobly. The +soldier had an only and most dear son lying in the cradle. +After supper, their bed-chamber was sumptuously adorned +for them; and the angel and the hermit went to rest. But +about the middle of the night the angel rose, and strangled +the sleeping infant. The hermit, horror-struck at what he +witnessed, said within himself, "Never can this be an angel +of God. The good soldier gave us everything that was +necessary; he had but this poor innocent, and he is +strangled." Yet he was afraid to reprove him.</p> + +<p>In the morning both arose and went forward to another +city, in which they were honourably entertained at the +house of one of the inhabitants. This person had a rich +gold cup, which he highly valued; and of which, during +the night, the angel robbed him. But still the hermit held +his peace, for great was his fear.</p> + +<p>On the morrow they went forward; and as they walked +they came to a certain river, over which was a bridge. They +went on the bridge, and about midway a poor pilgrim met +them. "My friend," said the angel to him, "show us the +way to yonder city." The pilgrim turned, and pointed with +his finger to the road they were to take; but as he turned +the angel seized him by the shoulders, and hurled him into +the stream below. At this the terror of the hermit became +greater. "It is the devil," he said to himself; "it is the +devil, and no good angel! What evil had the poor man +done that he should be drowned?"</p> + +<p>He would now have gladly gone alone; but was afraid to +speak his mind. About the hour of vespers they came to a +city, in which they again sought shelter for the night; but +the master of the house where they applied sharply refused +it. "For the love of heaven," said the angel, "give us +shelter, lest we fall prey to the wolves." The man pointed +to a sty. "That," said he, "has pigs in it; if it please you +to lie there you may, but to no other place will I admit +you." "If we can do no better," said the angel, "we must +accept your ungracious offer." They did so; and next +morning the angel calling their host, said, "My friend, I +give you this cup;" and he gave him the gold cup he had +stolen. The hermit, more and more amazed at what he +saw, said to himself, "Now I am sure this is the devil. The +good man who received us with all kindness he despoiled, +and now he gives the plunder to this fellow who refused us +a lodging."</p> + +<p>Turning therefore to the angel, he cried, "I will travel +with you no more. I commend you to God." "Dear +friend," the angel said, "first hear me, and then go thy +way."</p> +<p> </p> + +<h4>THE EXPLANATION.</h4> + +<p>"When thou wert in thy hermitage, the owner of the flock +unjustly put to death his servant. True it is he died innocently, +and therefore was in a fit state to enter another +world. God permitted him to be slain, foreseeing, that if +he lived he would commit a sin, and die before repentance +followed. But the guilty man who stole the sheep will suffer +eternally; while the owner of the flock will repair, by alms +and good works, that which he ignorantly committed. As +for the son of the hospitable soldier whom I strangled in +the cradle, know, that before the boy was born he performed +numerous works of charity and mercy; but afterwards grew +parsimonious and covetous in order to enrich the child, of +which he was inordinately fond. This was the cause of +its death; and now its distressed parent is again become +a devout Christian. Then for the cup which I purloined +from him who received us so kindly, know, that before the +cup was made, there was not a more abstemious person in +the world; but afterwards he took such pleasure in it, and +drank from it so often, that he was intoxicated twice or +thrice during the day. I took away the cup, and he has +returned to his former sobriety. Again I cast the pilgrim +into the river; and know that he whom I drowned was a +good Christian, but had he proceeded much further, he +would have fallen into a mortal sin. Now he is saved, and +reigns in celestial glory. Then, that I bestowed the cup +upon the inhospitable citizen, know nothing is done without +reason. He suffered us to occupy the swine-house and +I gave him a valuable consideration. But <i>he</i> will hereafter +reign in hell. Put a guard, therefore, on thy lips, and detract +not from the Almighty. For He knoweth all things."</p> + +<p>The hermit, hearing this, fell at the feet of the angel and +entreated pardon. He returned to his hermitage, and +became a good and pious Christian.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>VII.—<a name="gr7" id="gr7"></a>THE LOST FOOT.</h3> + + +<p>A certain tyrannical and cruel knight retained in his +service a very faithful servant. One day, when he had +been to the market, he returned with this servant through a +grove; and by the way lost thirty silver marks. As soon +as he discovered the loss, he questioned his servant about +it. The man solemnly denied all knowledge of the matter, +and he spoke truth. But when the money was not to be +found, he cut off the servant's foot, and leaving him in that +place, rode home. A hermit, hearing the groans and cries +of the man, went speedily to his help. He confessed him; +and being satisfied of his innocence, conveyed him upon his +shoulders to his hermitage.</p> + +<p>Then entering the oratory, he dared to reproach the +All-just with want of justice, inasmuch as he had permitted +an innocent man to lose his foot.</p> + +<p>For a length of time he continued in tears, and prayers, +and reproaches; until at last an angel of the Lord appeared +to him, and said, "Hast thou not read in the Psalms, 'God +is a just judge, strong and patient?'"</p> + +<p>"Often," answered the hermit meekly, "have I read and +believed it from my heart; but to-day I have erred. That +wretched man, whose foot has been cut off, perhaps under +the veil of confession deceived me."</p> + +<p>"Tax not the Lord with injustice," said the angel; "His +way is truth, and His judgments equitable. Recollect how +often thou hast read, 'The decrees of God are unfathomable.' +Know that he who lost his foot, lost it for a former +crime. With the same foot he maliciously spurned his +mother, and cast her from a chariot—for which eternal condemnation +overtook him. The knight, his master, was +desirous of purchasing a war-horse, to collect more wealth, +to the destruction of his soul; and therefore, by the just +sentence of God, the money which he had provided for the +purchase was lost. Now hear; there is a very poor man +with his wife and little ones, who daily supplicate heaven, +and perform every religious exercise. He found the money, +when otherwise he would have starved, and therewith procured +for himself and family the necessaries of life, entrusting +a portion to his confessor to distribute to the poor. But +first he diligently endeavoured to find out the right owner. +Not accomplishing this, the poor man applied it to its +proper use. Place then a bridle upon thy thoughts; and +no more upbraid the righteous Disposer of all things, as +thou but lately didst. For he is just, and strong, and +patient."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>VIII.—<a name="gr8" id="gr8"></a>PLACIDUS.</h3> + + +<p>In the reign of Trajan there lived a knight named Placidus, +who was commander-in-chief of the emperor's armies. He +was very merciful, but a worshipper of idols. His wife too +was an idolater. They had two sons, brought up in all +magnificence, and from the kindness and goodness of their +hearts, they deserved a revelation of the way of truth.</p> + +<p>As he was one day following the chase, Placidus discovered +a herd of deer, amongst which was one remarkable +for size and beauty. Separating itself from the rest, it +plunged into the thickest part of the brake. While the +hunters, therefore, occupied themselves with the remainder +of the herd, Placidus swiftly followed this deer's track. The +stag scaled a lofty precipice, and Placidus, approaching as +near as he could, considered how it might be followed yet. +But as he regarded it with fixed attention, there appeared +upon the centre of the brow, the form of the cross, which +glittered with more splendour than the noonday sun. Upon +this cross an image of Jesus Christ was suspended; +and the stag thus addressed the hunter: "Why dost thou +persecute me, Placidus? For thy sake have I assumed the +shape of this animal. I am Christ, whom thou ignorantly +worshippest. Thine alms have gone up before me, and +therefore I come; but as thou hast hunted this stag, so +will I hunt thee."</p> + +<p>Some indeed assert that the image, hanging between the +deer's antlers, said these things. However that may be, +Placidus, filled with terror, fell from his horse; and in about +an hour, returning to himself, arose from the earth and +said, "Declare what thou wouldst have, that I may believe +in thee."</p> + +<p>"I am Christ, O Placidus! I created heaven and earth; +I caused the light to arise, and divided it from the darkness. +I appointed days, and seasons, and years. I formed man +out of the dust of the earth; and I became incarnate for +the salvation of mankind. I was crucified, and buried; and +on the third day I rose again."</p> + +<p>When Placidus understood these sublime truths, he fell +again upon the earth, and exclaimed: "I believe, O Lord, +that thou hast done all this; and that thou art He who +bringest back the wanderer."</p> +<p> +The Lord answered: "If thou believest this, go into the +city and be baptized."</p> + +<p>"Wouldst thou, O Lord, that I tell what has befallen me +to my wife and children, that they also may believe?"</p> + +<p>"Do so; tell them, that they also may be cleansed from +their iniquities. And on the morrow return hither, where I +will appear again, and show you of the future."</p> + +<p>Placidus, therefore, went to his own home, and told all +that had passed to his wife. But she too had had a +revelation; and in like manner had been enjoined to +believe in Christ, together with her children. So they +hastened to the city of Rome, where they were entertained +and baptized with great joy. Placidus was called Eustacius, +and his wife, Theosbyta; the two sons, Theosbytus and +Agapetus.</p> + +<p>In the morning, Eustacius, according to custom, went +out to hunt, and coming with his attendants near the place, +he dispersed them, as if for the purpose of discovering the +prey. Immediately the vision of yesterday reappeared, +and prostrating himself, he said, "I implore thee, O Lord, +to manifest thyself according to thy word."</p> + +<p>"Blessed art thou, Eustacius, because thou hast received +the laver of my grace, and thereby overcome the devil. +Now hast thou trod him to dust, who beguiled thee. Now +will thy fidelity appear; for the devil, whom thou hast deserted, +will rage against thee in many ways. Much must +thou undergo ere thou possessest the crown of victory. +Much must thou suffer from the dignified vanity of the +world; and much from spiritual intolerance. Fail not, +therefore; nor look back upon thy former condition. Thou +must be as another Job; but from the very depth of thy +humiliation, I will restore thee to the height of earthly splendour. +Choose, then, whether thou wouldst prefer thy trials +at the end of life."</p> + +<p>Eustacius replied: "If it become me, O Lord, to be +exposed to trials, let them presently approach; but do thou +uphold me, and supply me with patient strength."</p> + +<p>"Be bold, Eustacius: my grace shall support your souls." +Saying thus, the Lord ascended into heaven. After which +Eustacius returned home to his wife, and explained to her +what had been decreed.</p> + +<p>In a few days a pestilence carried off the whole of their +men-servants and maid-servants; and before long the sheep, +horses, and cattle also perished. Robbers plundered their +habitation, and despoiled them of every ornament; while he +himself, together with his wife and sons, fled naked and in +the deepest distress. But devoutly they worshipped God; +and apprehensive of an Egyptian redness, went secretly +away. Thus were they reduced to utter poverty. The king +and the senate, greatly afflicted with their general's calamities, +sought for, but found not the slightest trace of him.</p> + +<p>In the meantime this unhappy family approached the +sea; and finding a ship ready to sail, they embarked in it. +The master of the vessel observing that the wife of Eustacius +was very beautiful, determined to secure her; and +when they had crossed the sea, demanded a large sum of +money for their passage, which, as he anticipated, they did +not possess. Notwithstanding the vehement and indignant +protestations of Eustacius, he seized upon his wife; and +beckoning to the mariners, commanded them to cast the +unfortunate husband headlong into the sea. Perceiving, +therefore, that all opposition was useless, he took up his +two children, and departed with much and heavy sorrow. +"Merciful heaven," he exclaimed, as he wept over his bereaved +offspring, "your poor mother is lost; and, in a +strange land, in the arms of a strange lord, must lament her +fate."</p> + +<p>Travelling along, he came to a river, the water of which +ran so high, that it appeared hazardous in an eminent degree +to cross with both the children at the same time. One, +therefore, he placed carefully upon the bank, and then +passed over with the other in his arms. This effected, he +laid it upon the ground, and returned immediately for the +remaining child. But in the midst of the river, accidentally +glancing his eye back, he beheld a wolf hastily snatch up +the child, and run with it into an adjoining wood. Half +maddened at a sight so truly afflicting, he turned to rescue +it from the destruction with which it was threatened; but at +that instant a huge lion approached the child he had left; +and seizing it, presently disappeared. To follow was useless, +for he was in the middle of the water. Giving himself up, +therefore, to his desperate situation, he began to lament and +to pluck away his hair, and would have cast himself into the +stream, had not Divine Providence preserved him.</p> + +<p>Certain shepherds, however, observing the lion carrying +off the child in his teeth, pursued him with dogs, and by the +peculiar dispensation of heaven it was dropped unhurt. As +for the other, some ploughmen witnessing the adventure, +shouted lustily after the wolf, and succeeded in liberating +the poor victim from its jaws. Now it happened that both +the shepherds and ploughmen resided in the same village, +and brought up the children amongst them. But Eustacius +knew nothing of this, and his affliction was so poignant +that he was unable to control his complaints. "Alas!" he +would say, "once I nourished like a luxuriant tree, but now +I am altogether blighted. Once I was encompassed with +military ensigns and bands of armed men; now I am a single +being in the universe. I have lost all my children and +everything that I possessed. I remember, O Lord, that thou +saidst my trials should resemble Job's; behold they exceed +them. For although he was destitute, he had a couch, +however vile, to repose upon; I, alas! have nothing. He +had compassionating friends; while I, besides the loss of +my children, am left a prey to the savage beasts. His wife +remained, but mine is forcibly carried off. Assuage my +anguish, O Lord, and place a bridle upon my lips, lest I utter +foolishness, and stand up against thee." With such words +he gave free course to the fulness of his heart; and after +much travel, entered a village, where he abode. In this +place he continued for fifteen years, as the hired servant of +one of the villagers.</p> + +<p>To return to the two boys. They were educated in the +same neighbourhood, but had no knowledge of their consanguinity. +And as for the wife of Eustacius, she preserved +her purity, and suffered not the infamous usage which she +had to fear. After some time her persecutor died.</p> + +<p>In the meanwhile the Roman emperor was beset by his +enemies, and recollecting how valiantly Placidus had +behaved himself in similar straits, his grief at the deplorable +change of fortune was renewed. He despatched soldiers +through various parts of the world in pursuit of them; and +promised to the discoverer infinite rewards and honours. +It happened that some of the emissaries, being of those +who had attended upon the person of Placidus, came into +the country in which he laboured, and one of them he +recognized by his gait. The sight of these men brought +back to the exile's mind the situation of wealth and honour +which he had once possessed; and being filled with fresh +trouble at the recollection—"O Lord!" he exclaimed, +"even as beyond expectation I have seen these people again, +so let me be restored to my beloved wife. Of my children +I speak not; for I know too well that they are devoured by +wild beasts."</p> + +<p>At that moment a voice whispered, "Be faithful, Eustacius, +and thou wilt shortly recover thy lost honours, and +again look upon thy wife and offspring."</p> + +<p>Now when the soldiers met Placidus they knew not who +he was; and accosting him, they asked if he were acquainted +with any foreigner named Placidus, with his wife and two +sons. He replied that he did not, but requested that they +would rest in his house. And so he took them home, and +waited on them. And here, as before, at the recollection +of his former splendour, his tears flowed. Unable to contain +himself, he went out of doors, and when he had washed +his face he re-entered, and continued his service. By-and-by +one said to the other, "Surely this man bears great +resemblance to him we inquire after." "Of a truth," +answered his companion, "you say well. Let us examine +if he possess a sabre-mark on his head, which he received +in action." They did so, and finding a scar which indicated +a similar wound, they leaped up and embraced him, and +inquired after his wife and sons.</p> + +<p>He told his adventures; and the neighbours coming in, +listened with wonder to the account delivered by the +soldiers of his military achievements and former magnificence. +Then, obeying the command of the emperor, they +clothed him in sumptuous apparel. On the fifteenth day +they reached the imperial court, and the emperor, apprised +of his coming, went out to meet him, and saluted him with +great gladness. Eustacius told all that had befallen him. +He was then invested with the command of the army, +and restored to every office that he had held before his +departure.</p> + +<p>He now therefore prepared with energy to encounter their +enemies. He drew together from all parts the young men +of the country; and it fell to the lot of the village where +his own children were educated, to send two to the army; +and these very youths were selected by the inhabitants as +the best and bravest of their number. They appeared before +the general, and their elegant manners, so much above their +station, united to a singular propriety of conduct, won his +esteem. He placed them in the van of his troops, and +began his march against the enemy. Now the spot on +which he pitched his tent was near his wife's abode; and, +strange to say, the sons themselves, in the general distribution +of the soldiers, were quartered with their own mother, +but all the while ignorant with whom they were stationed.</p> + +<p>About mid-day, the lads sitting together, related the +various chances to which their infancy had been subject; +and the mother, who was at no great distance, became an +attentive listener. "Of what I was while a child," said the +elder of the brothers, "I remember nothing, except that +my beloved father was a leader of a company of soldiers; +and that my mother, who was very beautiful, had two sons, +of whom I was the elder. We left home with our parents +during the night, and embarking on board a vessel that +immediately put to sea, sailed I know not whither. Our +mother remained in the ship, but wherefore I am also +ignorant. In the meantime, our father carried my brother +and myself in his arms, and me he left upon the nearer +bank of a river, until he had borne the younger of us +across. But when he was returning to me, a wolf darted +from a thicket and bore him off in his mouth. Before he +could hasten back to him, a prodigious lion seized upon +me, and carried me into a neighbouring wood. But shepherds +delivered me, and brought me up amongst them."</p> + +<p>The younger brother here burst into a flood of tears, and +exclaimed, "Surely I have found my brother; for they who +brought me up frequently declared that I was saved from +the jaws of a wolf." They exchanged embraces, and the +mother, who listened, felt a strong conviction that they +were her own children. She was silent, however, and the +next day went to the commander of the forces, and begged +leave to go into her own country. "I am a Roman +woman," said she, "and a stranger in these parts."</p> + +<p>As she uttered these words, her eye fixed with an +earnest and anxious gaze upon the countenance of him she +addressed. It was her husband, whom she now for the first +time recollected; and she threw herself at his feet, unable +to contain her joy. "My lord," cried the glad woman, "I +entreat you to tell something of your past life; for unless I +greatly mistake, you are Placidus, the master of the soldiery, +since known by the name of Eustacius, whom our blessed +Saviour converted and tried by temptations. I am <i>his</i> +wife, taken from him at sea by a wretch, who yet spared +me from the worst. I had two sons, Agapetus and +Theosbytus."</p> + +<p>These words recalled Eustacius to himself. Time and +sorrow had made much change in both, but the recognition +was full of happiness. They embraced and wept, giving +glory to God as the God of all consolation. The wife then +said, "My lord, what has become of our children?" +"Alas!" replied he, "they were carried off by wild beasts;" +and he told the manner of their loss. "Give thanks," said +his wife, "give manifold thanks to the Lord; for as His +Providence hath revealed our existence to each other, so +will He give us back our beloved offspring." "Did I not +tell you," returned he, "that wild beasts had devoured +them?"</p> + +<p>"True; but yesternight as I sat in the garden I overheard +two young men tell of their childhood, and whom I believe +to be our sons. Ask them, and they will tell you."</p> + +<p>Messengers were immediately despatched for this purpose, +and a few questions convinced Eustacius of the full completion +of his happiness. They fell upon each other's neck and +wept aloud. It was a joyful occasion; the whole army +shared the joy of their general. A splendid victory ensued. +Before their return the Emperor Trajan died, and was succeeded +by Adrian, more wicked even than his predecessor. +However, he received the conqueror and his family with +great magnificence, and sumptuously entertained them at +his own table. But the day following the emperor would +have proceeded to the temple of his idols to sacrifice, in +consequence of the late victory, and desired his guests to +accompany him. "My lord," said Eustacius, "I worship +the God of the Christians; and Him only do I serve and +propitiate with sacrifice."</p> + +<p>Enraged at an opposition he had not contemplated, he +placed the man who had freed Rome from a foreign yoke, +with his whole family, in the arena, and let loose a ferocious +lion upon them. But the lion, to the astonishment of all, +held down his head before them, as if in reverence. On +which the ungrateful emperor ordered a brazen ox to be +fabricated, and heated to the highest degree. In this his +victims were cast alive; but with prayer and supplication +they commended themselves to the mercy of God, and three +days after, being taken out of the furnace in the presence of +the emperor, it appeared as if they had died tranquilly in +bed. Not a hair of their heads was scorched, nor was there +the smallest perceptible change, more than the easiest transition +from life occasions. The Christians buried their corpses +in the most honourable manner, and over them constructed +an oratory. They perished in the first year of Adrian, A.D. +120, in the kalends of November; or, as some write, the +12th of the kalends of October.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>IX.—<a name="gr9" id="gr9"></a>DEAD ALEXANDER.</h3> + +<p>We read, that at the death of Alexander a golden sepulchre +was constructed, and that a number of philosophers assembled +round it. One said: "Yesterday, Alexander made +a treasure of gold, and now gold makes a treasure of him." +Another observed: "Yesterday, the whole world was not +enough to satiate his ambition; to-day, three or four ells of +cloth are more than sufficient." A third said: "Yesterday, +Alexander commanded the people; to-day, the people command +him." Another said: "Yesterday, Alexander could +enfranchise thousands; to-day, he cannot free himself from +the bonds of death." Another remarked: "Yesterday, he +pressed the earth; to-day, it oppresses him." "Yesterday," +continued another, "all men feared Alexander; to-day, +men repute him nothing." Another said: "Yesterday, +Alexander had a multitude of friends; to-day, not one." +Another said: "Yesterday, Alexander led on an army; to-day +that army bears him to the grave." +</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>X.—<a name="gr10" id="gr10"></a>THE TREE OF PALETINUS.</h3> + +<p>Valerius tells us, that a man named Paletinus one day +burst into tears; and calling his son and his neighbours +around him, said, "Alas! alas! I have now growing in my +garden a fatal tree, on which my first poor wife hung herself, +then my second, and after that my third. Have I not +therefore cause for wretchedness?" "Truly," said one who +was called Arrius, "I marvel that you should weep at such +unusual good fortune! Give me, I pray you, two or three +sprigs of that gentle tree, which I will divide with my +neighbours, and thereby enable every man to indulge his +spouse." Paletinus complied with his friend's request; and +ever after found this tree the most productive part of his +estate.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XI.—<a name="gr11" id="gr11"></a>HUNGRY FLIES.</h3> + +<p>Josephus mentions that Tiberius Cæsar, inquiring why the +governors of provinces remain so long in office, was answered +by an example. "I have seen," said the respondent, +"an infirm man covered with ulcers, grievously tormented +by a swarm of flies. When asked why he did not use a +flap and drive off his tormentors, he answered, 'The very +circumstance which you think would relieve me would, in +effect, cause tenfold suffering. For by driving away the +flies now saturated with my blood, I should afford an opportunity +to those that were empty and hungry to supply their +place. And who doubts that the biting of a hungry insect +is ten thousand times more painful than that of one +completely gorged, unless the person attacked be stone, +and not flesh.'"</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XII.—<a name="gr12" id="gr12"></a>THE HUMBLING OF JOVINIAN.</h3> + +<p>When Jovinian was emperor, he had very great power, and +as he lay in bed reflecting upon the extent of his dominions, +his heart was elated.</p> + +<p>"Is there," he impiously asked, "is there any other god +than me?" Amid such thoughts he fell asleep.</p> + +<p>In the morning, he reviewed his troops, and said, "My +friends, after breakfast we will hunt."</p> + +<p>Preparations being made accordingly, he set out with a +large retinue. During the chase, the emperor felt such extreme +oppression from the heat, that he believed his very +existence depended upon a cold bath. As he anxiously +looked around, he discovered a sheet of water at no great +distance. "Remain here," said he to his guard, "until I +have refreshed myself in yonder stream." Then spurring +his steed, he rode hastily to the edge of the water. Alighting, +he stripped off his clothes, and experienced the +greatest pleasure from its invigorating freshness and coolness. +But whilst he was thus employed, a person similar +to him in every respect—in countenance and gesture—arrayed +himself unperceived in the emperor's dress, and +then mounting his horse, rode off to the attendants. The +resemblance to the sovereign was such, that no doubt was +entertained of the reality; and straightway command was +issued for their return to the palace.</p> + +<p>Jovinian, however, having quitted the water, sought in +every possible direction for his horse and clothes, and +to his utter astonishment, could find neither. Vexed +beyond measure at the circumstance (for he was completely +naked, and saw no one near to assist him) he began to +reflect upon what course he should pursue. "Miserable +man that I am," said he, "to what a strait am I reduced! +There is, I remember, a knight who lives close by; I will go +to him, and command his attendance and service. I will +then ride on to the palace and strictly investigate the cause +of this extraordinary conduct. Some shall smart for it."</p> + +<p>Jovinian proceeded, naked and ashamed, to the castle of +the aforesaid knight, and beat loudly at the gate. The +porter, without unclosing the wicket, inquired the cause +of the knocking. "Open the gate," said the enraged +emperor, "and you will see who I am." The gate was +opened; and the porter, struck with the strange appearance +he exhibited, replied, "In the name of all that is +marvellous, what are you?" "I am," said he, "Jovinian, +your emperor; go to your lord, and command him from me +to supply the wants of his sovereign. I have lost both +horse and clothes." "Infamous ribald!" shouted the +porter, "just before thy approach, the Emperor Jovinian, +accompanied by the officers of his household, entered the +palace. My lord both went and returned with him; and +but even now sat with him at meat. But because thou hast +called thyself the emperor, however madly, my lord shall +know of thy presumption." The porter entered, and related +what had passed. Jovinian was introduced, but the knight +retained not the slightest recollection of his master, although +the emperor remembered him. "Who are you?" said the +knight, "and what is your name?" "I am the Emperor +Jovinian," rejoined he; "canst thou have forgotten me? +At such a time I promoted thee to a military command." +"Why, thou most audacious scoundrel," said the knight, +"darest thou call thyself the emperor? I rode with him +myself to the palace, from whence I am this moment returned. +But thy impudence shall not go without its reward. +Flog him," said he, turning to his servants. "Flog him +soundly, and drive him away."</p> + +<p>This sentence was immediately executed, and the poor +emperor, bursting into a convulsion of tears, exclaimed, +"Oh, my God, is it possible that one whom I have so much +honoured and exalted should do this? Not content with +pretending ignorance of my person, he orders these merciless +villains to abuse me! However, it will not be long +unavenged. There is a certain duke, one of my privy councillors, +to whom I will make known my calamity. At least, +he will enable me to return decently to the palace." To +him, therefore, Jovinian proceeded, and the gate was opened +at his knock. But the porter, beholding a naked man, +exclaimed in the greatest amaze, "Friend, who are you, +and why come you here in such a guise?" He replied, "I +am your emperor; I have accidentally lost my clothes and +my horse, and I have come for succour to your lord. Inform +the duke, therefore, that I have business with him." The +porter, more and more astonished, entered the hall, and +told of the man outside. "Bring him in," said the +duke. He was brought in, but neither did he recognize +the person of the emperor. "What art thou?" was again +asked, and answered as before. "Poor mad wretch," said +the duke, "a short time since, I returned from the palace, +where I left the very emperor thou assumest to be. But +ignorant whether thou art more fool or knave, we will +administer such remedy as may suit both. Carry him to +prison, and feed him with bread and water." The command +was no sooner delivered, than obeyed; and the following +day his naked body was submitted to the lash, and again cast +into the dungeon.</p> + +<p>Thus afflicted, he gave himself up to the wretchedness of +his untoward condition. In the agony of his heart, he said: +"What shall I do? Oh! what will be my destiny? I am +loaded with the coarsest contumely, and exposed to the +malicious observation of my people. It were better to hasten +immediately to my palace, and there discover myself—my +wife will know me; surely, my wife will know me!" Escaping, +therefore, from his confinement, he approached the +palace and beat upon the gate. The same questions were +repeated, and the same answers returned. "Who art thou?" +said the porter. "It is strange," replied the aggrieved emperor, +"it is strange that thou shouldst not know me; +thou, who hast served me so long!" "Served <i>thee</i>!" returned +the porter indignantly; "thou liest abominably. I +have served none but the emperor." "Why," said the +other, "thou knowest that I am he. Yet, though you disregard +my words, go, I implore you, to the empress; communicate +what I will tell thee, and by these signs, bid her +send the imperial robes, of which some rogue has deprived +me. The signs I tell thee of are known to none but to ourselves." +"In verity," said the porter, "thou art specially +mad; at this very moment my lord sits at table with the +empress herself. Nevertheless, out of regard for thy singular +merits, I will intimate thy declaration within; and rest assured +thou wilt presently find thyself most royally beaten." The +porter went accordingly, and related what he had heard. +But the empress became very sorrowful, and said: "Oh, my +lord, what am I to think? The most hidden passages of +our lives are revealed by an obscene fellow at the gate, and +repeated to me by the porter, on the strength of which he +declares himself the emperor, and my espoused lord!" +When the fictitious monarch was apprised of this, he commanded +him to be brought in. He had no sooner entered, +than a large dog, which couched upon the hearth, and had +been much cherished by him, flew at his throat, and, but for +timely prevention, would have killed him. A falcon also, +seated upon her perch, no sooner beheld him than she broke +her jesses and flew out of the hall. Then the pretended +emperor, addressing those who stood about him, said: "My +friends, hear what I will ask of yon ribald. Who are you? +and what do you want?" "These questions," said the +suffering man, "are very strange. You know I am the +emperor and master of this place." The other, turning to +the nobles who sat or stood at the table, continued: "Tell +me, on your allegiance, which of us two is your lord and +master?" "Your majesty asks us an easy thing," replied +they, "and need not to remind us of our allegiance. That +obscene wretch cannot be our sovereign. You alone are he, +whom we have known from childhood; and we intreat that +this fellow may be severely punished as a warning to others +how they give scope to their mad presumption." Then +turning to the empress, the usurper said: "Tell me, my +lady, on the faith you have sworn, do you know this man +who calls himself thy lord and emperor?" She answered: +"My lord, how can you ask such a question? Have I not +known thee more than thirty years, and borne thee many +children? Yet, at one thing I do admire. How can this +fellow have acquired so intimate a knowledge of what has +passed between us?"</p> + +<p>The pretended emperor made no reply, but addressing +the real one, said: "Friend, how darest thou to call thyself +emperor? We sentence thee, for this unexampled impudence, +to be drawn, without loss of time, at the tail of a +horse. And if thou utterest the same words again, thou +shalt be doomed to an ignominious death." He then +commanded his guards to see the sentence put in force, but +to preserve his life. The unfortunate emperor was now +almost distracted; and urged by his despair, wished +vehemently for death. "Why was I born?" he exclaimed. +"My friends shun me, and my wife and children will not +acknowledge me. But there is my confessor, still. To him +will I go; perhaps he will recollect me, because he has +often received my confessions." He went accordingly, and +knocked at the window of his cell. "Who is there?" said +the confessor. "The Emperor Jovinian," was the reply; +"open the window and I will speak to thee." The window +was opened; but no sooner had he looked out than he +closed it again in great haste. "Depart from me," said he, +"accursed thing: thou art not the emperor, but the devil +incarnate." This completed the miseries of the persecuted +man; and he tore his hair, and plucked up his beard by the +roots. "Woe is me," he cried, "for what strange doom am +I reserved?" At this crisis, the impious words which, in +the arrogance of his heart, he had uttered, crossed his +recollection. Immediately he beat again at the window of +the confessor's cell, and exclaimed: "For the love of Him +who was suspended from the cross, hear my confession." +The recluse opened the window, and said, "I will do this +with pleasure;" and then Jovinian acquainted him with +every particular of his past life; and principally how he had +lifted himself up against his Maker.</p> + +<p>The confession made, and absolution given, the recluse +looked out of his window, and directly knew him. "Blessed +be the most high God," said he, "now I do know thee. I +have here a few garments: clothe thyself, and go to the +palace. I trust that they also will recognize thee." The +emperor did as the confessor directed. The porter opened +the gate, and made a low obeisance to him. "Dost thou +know me?" said he. "Very well, my lord!" replied +the menial; "but I marvel that I did not observe you +go out." Entering the hall of his mansion, Jovinian +was received by all with a profound reverence. The +strange emperor was at that time in another apartment +with the queen; and a certain knight going to him, +said, "My lord, there is one in the hall to whom everybody +bends; he so much resembles you, that we know not which +is the emperor." Hearing this, the usurper said to the +empress, "Go and see if you know him." She went, and +returned greatly surprised at what she saw. "Oh, my lord," +said she, "I declare to you that I know not whom to trust." +"Then," returned he, "I will go and determine you." And +taking her hand he led her into the hall and placed her on +the throne beside him. Addressing the assembly, he said, +"By the oaths you have taken, declare which of us is your +emperor." The empress answered: "It is incumbent on +me to speak first; but heaven is my witness, that I am +unable to determine which is he." And so said all. Then +the feigned emperor spoke thus: "My friends, hearken! +That man is your king and your lord. He exalted himself +to the disparagement of his Maker; and God, therefore, +scourged and hid him from your knowledge. But his repentance +removes the rod; he has now made ample satisfaction, +and again let your obedience wait upon him. +Commend yourselves to the protection of heaven." So +saying, he disappeared. The emperor gave thanks to God, +and surrendering to Him all his soul, lived happily and +finished his days in peace.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XIII.—<a name="gr13" id="gr13"></a>THE TWO PHYSICIANS.</h3> + +<p>Two physicians once lived in a city, who were admirably +skilled in medicine, insomuch that all the sick who took +their prescriptions were healed; and it thence became a +question with the inhabitants, which of them was the best. +After a while, a dispute arose between them upon this +point.</p> + +<p>Said one, "My friend, why should discord or envy or +anger separate us; let us make the trial, and whosoever is +inferior in skill shall serve the other."</p> + +<p>"But how," replied his friend, "is this to be brought +about?"</p> + +<p>The first physician answered: "Hear me. I will pluck +out your eyes without doing you the smallest injury, and lay +them before you on the table; and when you desire it I +will replace them as perfect and serviceable as they were +before. If, in like manner, you can perform this, we will +then be esteemed equal, and walk as brethren through the +world. But, remember, he who fails in the attempt shall +become the servant of the other."</p> + +<p>"I am well pleased," returned his fellow, "to do as you +say." Whereupon he who made the proposition took out +his instruments and extracted the eyes, besmearing the +sockets and the outer part of the lids with a certain rich +ointment.</p> + +<p>"My dear friend," said he, "what do you perceive?"</p> + +<p>"Of a surety," cried the other, "I see nothing. I want +the use of my eyes, but I feel no pain from their loss. I +pray you, however, restore them to their places as you +promised."</p> + +<p>"Willingly," said his friend. He again touched the inner +and outer part of the lids with the ointment, and then, with +much precision, inserted the balls into their sockets. "How +do you see now?" asked he.</p> + +<p>"Excellently," returned the other, "nor do I feel the +least pain." "Well, then," continued the first, "it now +remains for you to treat me in a similar manner." "I am +ready," he said. And accordingly taking the instruments, +as the first had done, he smeared the upper and under parts +of the eye with a peculiar ointment, drew out the eyes and +placed them upon the table. The patient felt no pain, but +added, "I wish you would hasten to restore them." The +operator cheerfully complied; but as he prepared his implements, +a crow entered by an open window, and seeing the +eyes upon the table, snatched one of them up, and flew +away with it. The physician, vexed at what had happened, +said to himself, "If I do not restore the eye to my companion, +I must become his slave." At that moment a goat, +browsing at no great distance, attracted his observation. +Instantly he ran to it, drew out one of his eyes, and put it +into the place of the lost one.</p> + +<p>"My dear friend," exclaimed the operator, "how do things +appear to you?"</p> + +<p>"Neither in extracting nor in replacing," he answered, +"did I suffer the least pain; but—bless me!—one eye looks +up to the trees!"</p> + +<p>"Ah!" replied the first, "this is the very perfection of +medicine. Neither of us is superior; henceforward we will +be friends, as we are equals; and banish far off that spirit +of contention which has destroyed our peace." The goat-eyed +man of physic acquiesced; they lived from this time +in the greatest amity.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XIV.—<a name="gr14" id="gr14"></a>THE FALCON.</h3> + +<p>In the reign of Pompey there lived a fair and amiable lady, +and near to her dwelt a handsome, noble soldier. He often +visited her, and professed much honourable love. The +soldier coming once to see her, observed a falcon upon her +wrist, which he greatly admired. "Dear lady," said he, "if +you love me, give me that beautiful bird." "I consent," +returned she, "but on one condition, that you do not +attach yourself so much to it as to rob me of your society." +"Far be such ingratitude from your servant," cried the +soldier, "I would not forsake you on any account; and +believe me, this generosity binds me more than ever to love +you."</p> + +<p>The lady presented the falcon to him; and bidding her +farewell, he returned to his own castle. But he liked the +bird so much, that he forgot his promise to the lady, and +never thought of her except when he sported with the +falcon. She sent messengers to him, but it was of no use; +he came not: and at last she wrote a very urgent letter, +entreating him, without the least delay, to hasten to her +and bring the falcon along with him.</p> + +<p>He acquiesced; and the lady, after salutation, asked him +to let her touch the bird. But when she had it in her +hands, she wrenched its head from the body. "Madam," +said the vexed soldier, "what have you done?" To which +the lady answered, "Be not offended, but rather rejoice at +what I have done. That falcon was the cause of your +absence, and I killed him that I might enjoy your company +as I was wont." The soldier, satisfied with the reason, +became once more faithful in his love.</p> +<p> </p> + +<h4>APPLICATION.</h4> + +<p>My beloved, the king is our heavenly Father; the lady, +our human nature joined to the divinity in Christ. The +soldier is any Christian, and the falcon, temporal prosperity.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XV.—<a name="gr15" id="gr15"></a>LET THE LAZIEST BE KING.</h3> + +<p>The Emperor Pliny had three sons, to whom he was +very indulgent. He wished to dispose of his kingdom, and +calling the three into his presence, spoke thus: "The +laziest of you shall reign after my death."</p> + +<p>"Then," answered the elder, "the kingdom must be +mine; for I am so lazy, that sitting once by the fire, I +burnt my legs, because I was too slothful to withdraw +them."</p> + +<p>The second son said, "The kingdom should properly be +mine, for if I had a rope round my neck, and held a sword +in my hand, my idleness is such, that I should not put forth +my hand to cut the rope."</p> + +<p>"But I," said the third son, "ought to be preferred to +you both; for I outdo both in sloth. While I lay upon my +bed, water dropped from above upon my eyes; and though, +from the nature of the water, I was in danger of becoming +blind, I neither could nor would turn my head ever so little +to the right hand or to the left." The emperor, hearing +this, bequeathed the kingdom to him, thinking him the +laziest of the three.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XVI.—<a name="gr16" id="gr16"></a>THE THREE MAXIMS.</h3> + +<p>Domitian was a very wise and just prince, and suffered no +offender to escape. It happened that as he once sat at +table, a certain merchant knocked at the gate. The porter +opened it, and asked what he pleased to want.</p> + +<p>"I have brought some useful things for sale," answered +the merchant. The porter introduced him, and he very +humbly made obeisance to the emperor.</p> + +<p>"My friend," said the emperor, "what merchandise have +you to dispose of?"</p> + +<p>"Three maxims of especial wisdom and excellence, my +lord."</p> + +<p>"And how much will you take for your maxims?"</p> + +<p>"A thousand florins."</p> + +<p>"And so," said the king, "if they are of no use to me I +lose my money?"</p> + +<p>"My lord," answered the merchant, "if the maxims do not +stand you in stead, I will return the money."</p> + +<p>"Very well," said the emperor. "Let us hear your +maxims."</p> + +<p>"The first, my lord, is this: 'Whatever you do, do +wisely; and think of the consequences.' The second is: +'Never leave the <i>highway</i> for a <i>byway</i>.' And, thirdly: +'Never stay all night as a guest in that house where you +find the master an old man and his wife a young woman.' +These three maxims, if you attend to them, will be extremely +serviceable."</p> + +<p>The emperor, being of the same opinion, ordered him to +be paid a thousand florins; and so pleased was he with the +first, that he commanded it to be inscribed in his court, in +his bed-chamber, and in every place where he was accustomed +to walk, and even upon the table-cloths from which +he ate.</p> + +<p>Now the rigid justice of the emperor occasioned a conspiracy +among the vicious and refractory of his subjects; +and finding the means of accomplishing their purposes +somewhat difficult, they engaged a barber, by large promises, +to cut his throat as he shaved him.</p> + +<p>When the emperor, therefore, was to be shaved, the +barber lathered his beard, and began to operate upon it; +but casting his eyes over the towel which he had fastened +round the royal neck, he perceived woven thereon, +"Whatever you do, do wisely, and think of the consequences." +The inscription startled the tonsor, and he said +to himself, "I am to-day hired to destroy this man. If I +do it, my end will be ignominious; I shall be condemned +to the most shameful death. Therefore, whatsoever I do, +it is good to consider the end, as the writing testifies." +These cogitations disturbed the barber so much that his +hand trembled, and the razor fell to the ground. The +emperor, seeing this, inquired the cause.</p> + +<p>"Oh, my lord," said the barber, "have mercy upon me: +I was hired this day to destroy you; but accidentally, or +rather by the will of God, I read the inscription on the +towel, 'Whatever you do, do wisely, and think of the consequences.' +Whereby, considering that, of a surety, the +consequence would be my own destruction, my hand +trembled so much, that I lost all command over it."</p> + +<p>"Well," thought the emperor, "this first maxim hath +assuredly saved my life: in a good hour was it purchased. +My friend," said he to the barber, "on condition that you +be faithful hereafter, I pardon you."</p> + +<p>The noblemen who had conspired against the emperor, +finding that their project had failed, consulted with one +another what they were to do next.</p> + +<p>"On such a day," said one, "he journeys to a particular +city; we will hide ourselves in a bypath, through which, +in all probability, he will pass, and so kill him."</p> + +<p>The counsel was approved.</p> + +<p>The king, as had been expected, prepared to set out; +and riding on till he came to a cross-way, much less circuitous +than the high road, his knights said, "My lord, it +will be better for you to go this way, than to pass along +the broad road; it is considerably nearer."</p> + +<p>The king pondered the matter within himself. "The +second maxim," thought he, "admonishes me never to forsake +the highway for a byway. I will adhere to that +maxim."</p> + +<p>Then turning to his soldiers, "I shall not quit the +public road; but you, if it please you, may proceed by +that path, and prepare for my approach." Accordingly a +number of them went; and the ambush, imagining that the +king rode in their company, fell upon them and put the +greater part to the sword. When the news reached the +king, he secretly exclaimed, "My second maxim hath also +saved my life."</p> + +<p>Seeing, therefore, that by cunning they were unable to +slay their lord, the conspirators again took counsel, and it +was observed, that on a certain day he would lodge in a +particular house, "because," said they, "there is no other +fit for his reception. Let us then agree with the master of +that house, and his wife, for a sum of money to kill the +emperor as he lies in bed."</p> + +<p>This was agreed to.</p> + +<p>But when the emperor had come into the city, and had +been lodged in the house to which the conspirators referred, +he commanded his host to be called into his presence. +Observing that he was an old man, the emperor said, "Have +you not a wife?"</p> + +<p>"Yes, my lord."</p> + +<p>"I wish to see her."</p> + +<p>The lady came; and when it appeared that she was +very young—not eighteen years of age—the king said +hastily to his chamberlain, "Away, prepare me a bed in +another house. I will remain here no longer."</p> + +<p>"My lord," replied he, "be it as you please. But they +have made everything ready for you: were it not better to +lie where you are, for in the whole city there is not so +commodious a place."</p> + +<p>"I tell you," answered the emperor, "I will sleep elsewhere."</p> + +<p>The chamberlain, therefore, removed; and the king went +privately to another residence, saying to the soldiers about +him, "Remain here, if you like; but join me early in the +morning."</p> + +<p>Now while they slept, the old man and his wife arose, +and not finding the king, put to death all the soldiers who +had remained. In the morning, when the murder was +discovered, the emperor gave thanks to God for his escape. +"Oh," cried he, "if I had continued here, I should have +been destroyed. So the third maxim hath also preserved +me."</p> + +<p>But the old man and his wife, with the whole of their +family, were crucified. The emperor retained the three +maxims in memory during life, and ended his days in +peace.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XVII.—<a name="gr17" id="gr17"></a>A LOAF FOR A DREAM.</h3> + +<p>There were once three friends who agreed to make a pilgrimage +together. It happened that their provisions fell +short, and having but one loaf between them, they were +nearly famished.</p> + +<p>"Should this loaf," they said to each other, "be divided +amongst us, there will not be enough for any one. Let us +then take counsel together, and consider how the bread is +to be disposed of."</p> + +<p>"Suppose we sleep upon the way," replied one of them; +"and whosoever hath the most wonderful dream shall +possess the loaf."</p> + +<p>The other two acquiesced, and settled themselves to +sleep.</p> + +<p>But he who gave the advice, arose while they were sleeping, +and ate up the bread, not leaving a single crumb for +his companions. When he had finished he awoke them.</p> + +<p>"Get up quickly," said he, "and tell us your dreams."</p> + +<p>"My friends," answered the first, "I have had a very +marvellous vision. A golden ladder reached up to heaven, +by which angels ascended and descended. They took my +soul from my body, and conveyed it to that blessed place +where I beheld the Holy Trinity; and where I felt such an +overflow of joy, as eye hath not seen, nor ear heard. This +is my dream."</p> + +<p>"And I," said the second, "beheld the devils with iron +instruments, by which they dragged my soul from the body, +and plunging it into hell flames, most grievously tormented +me, saying, 'As long as God reigns in heaven this will be +your portion.'"</p> + +<p>"Now then," said the third, who had eaten the bread, +"hear my dream. It appeared as if an angel came and +addressed me in the following manner: 'My friend, would +you see what is become of your companions?' I answered, +'Yes, Lord. We have but one loaf among us, +and I fear that they have run off with it.' 'You are mistaken,' +he rejoined, 'it lies beside us; follow me.' He +immediately led me to the gate of heaven, and by his command +I put in my head and saw you; and I thought that +you were snatched up into heaven and sat upon a throne of +gold, while rich wines and delicate meats stood around you. +Then said the angel, 'Your companion, you see, has an +abundance of good things, and dwells in all pleasures. +There he will remain for ever; for he has entered a celestial +kingdom, and cannot return. Come now where your other +associate is placed.' I followed, and he led me to hell-gates, +where I beheld you in torment, as you just now said. +Yet they furnished you, even there, with bread and wine in +abundance. I expressed my sorrow at seeing you in misery, +and you replied, 'As long as God reigns in heaven here I +must remain, for I have merited it. Do you then rise up +quickly, and eat all the bread, since you will see neither me +nor my companion again.' I complied with your wishes; +arose, and ate the bread."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XVIII.—<a name="gr18" id="gr18"></a>LOWER THAN THE BEASTS.</h3> + +<p>In the reign of a certain king there lived a proud and +oppressive seneschal. Now near the royal palace was a +forest well stocked with game; and by the direction of this +person various pits were dug there, and covered with leaves, +for the purpose of entrapping the beasts. It happened that +the seneschal himself went into this forest, and with much +exaltation of heart exclaimed internally, "Lives there a +being in the empire more powerful than I am?" This +braggart thought was scarcely formed, ere he rode upon one +of his own pitfalls, and immediately disappeared.</p> + +<p>The same day had been taken a lion, a monkey, and a +serpent. Terrified at the situation into which fate had +thrown him, he cried out lustily; and his noise awoke a +poor man called Guido, who had come with his ass into +that forest for firewood, by the sale of which he got his +bread. Hastening to the mouth of the pit, and finding the +cause of the noise, he was promised great wealth if he +would lift the seneschal out.</p> + +<p>"My friend," answered Guido, "I have no means of +obtaining a livelihood except by the faggots which I collect; +if I neglect this for one day, I shall starve."</p> + +<p>The seneschal renewed his promises of enriching him. +Guido went back to the city, and returned with a long cord, +which he let down into the pit, and bade the seneschal bind +it round his waist. But before he could do so, the lion +leaped forward, and seizing upon the cord, was drawn up in +his stead. Immediately, in high glee, the beast ran off into +the wood. The rope again descended, and the monkey +having noticed the success of the lion, vaulted above the +man's head, and shaking the cord, was in like manner set at +liberty. Without staying to return thanks, he hurried off to +his haunts. A third time the cord was let down, and the +serpent twining around it, was drawn up, and escaped.</p> + +<p>"O my good friend," said the seneschal, "the beasts are +gone, now draw me up quickly, I pray you."</p> + +<p>Guido complied, and afterwards succeeded in drawing up +his horse, which the seneschal instantly mounted and rode +back to the palace.</p> + +<p>Guido returned home; and his wife observing that he had +come without wood, was very dejected, and inquired the +cause. He related what had occurred, and the riches he +was to receive for his service. The wife's countenance +brightened, and early in the morning she posted off her +husband to the palace. But the seneschal denied all knowledge +of him, and ordered him to be whipped for his presumption. +The porter executed the directions, and beat +him so severely that he left him half dead. As soon as +Guido's wife understood this, she saddled their ass, and +brought him home. The sickness which ensued, consumed +the whole of their little property; but as soon as he +had recovered, he went back to his usual occupation in the +wood.</p> + +<p>Whilst he was thus employed, he saw afar off ten asses +laden with packs, and a lion by the last of them, coming +along the path. On looking narrowly at this beast, he remembered +that it was the same which he had freed from its +imprisonment in the pit. The lion signified with his foot +that he should take the loaded asses, and go home. This +Guido did, and the lion followed. When he had come to +his own door, the noble beast fawned upon him, and +wagging his tail as if in triumph, ran back to the woods. +Guido caused proclamation to be made in different churches, +<a href="#mt7"><small><sup>7</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt7r" id="mt7r"></a> +that if any asses had been lost, the owners should come to +him; but no one appearing to demand them, he opened the +packages, and to his great joy discovered them full of +money.</p> + +<p>On the second day Guido returned to the forest, but +forgot an iron instrument to cleave the wood. He looked +up, and saw the monkey whom he had set free; and the +animal, by help of teeth and nails, worked for him. Guido +then loaded his asses and went home.</p> + +<p>The next day he renewed his visit to the forest; and +sitting down to prepare his axe, discerned the serpent, +whose escape he had aided, carrying a stone in its mouth of +three colours; the one white, another black, and the third +red. It opened its mouth and let the stone fall into Guido's +lap. Having done this, it departed. Guido took the stone +to a skilful lapidary, who had no sooner inspected it than he +knew its virtues, and would willingly have paid him a hundred +florins for it. But Guido refused; and by means of +that singular stone, obtained great wealth, and was promoted +to a military command.</p> + +<p>The emperor having heard of the extraordinary qualities +which it possessed, desired to see it. Guido went accordingly; +and the emperor was so struck with its uncommon +beauty, that he wished to purchase it at any rate; and +threatened, if Guido refused compliance, to banish him the +kingdom.</p> + +<p>"My lord," answered he, "I will sell the stone; but let +me say one thing—if the price be not given, it shall be presently +restored to me."</p> + +<p>He demanded three hundred florins, and then taking it +from a small coffer, put it into the emperor's hands. Full of +admiration, he exclaimed, "Tell me where you procured this +beautiful stone?"</p> + +<p>This he did; and related from the beginning the seneschal's +accident and subsequent ingratitude. He told how +severely he had been whipped by his command; and the +benefits he had received from the lion, the monkey, and +serpent.</p> + +<p>Much moved at the recital, the emperor sent for the +seneschal, and said, "What is this I hear of thee?" He +was unable to reply. "O wretch!" continued the emperor—monster +of ingratitude! Guido liberated thee from the +most imminent danger, and for this thou hast nearly destroyed +him. Dost thou see how even irrational things have +rendered him good for the service he performed? but thou +hast returned evil for good. Therefore I deprive thee of +thy dignity, which I will bestow upon Guido; and I further +adjudge you to be hung on a cross." This decree infinitely +rejoiced the noblemen of the empire; and Guido, full of +honours and years, ended his days in peace.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XIX.—<a name="gr19" id="gr19"></a>OF REAL FRIENDSHIP.</h3> + +<p>A certain king had an only son whom he much loved. +The young man was desirous of travelling, and obtained his +father's leave to travel. After an absence of seven years +he returned, and his father, overjoyed at his arrival, asked +what friends he had made. "Three," said the son, "the +first of whom I love more than myself; the second, as +much as myself; and the third, little or nothing."</p> + +<p>"You say well," returned the father; "but it is a good +thing to prove them before you need their help. Therefore +kill a pig, put it into a sack, and go at night to the house of +him whom you love best, and say that you have accidentally +killed a man, and if the body should be found I shall condemn +you to an ignominious death. Intreat him if he ever +loved you, to give his help in this extremity." The son did +so; and the friend answered, "Since you have rashly destroyed +a man, you must needs be crucified. Now because +you were my friend, I will bestow upon you three or four +ells of cloth to wrap your body in."</p> + +<p>The youth hearing this, went in much indignation to the +second of his friends, and told the same story. He received +him like the first, and said, "Do you believe me mad, that +I should expose myself to such peril? But since I have +called you my friend, I will accompany you to the cross, +and console you as much as possible upon the way."</p> + +<p>This liberal proposal not meeting the prince's approbation, +he went to the third, and said, "I am ashamed to +speak what I have done; but alas! I have accidentally +slain a man." "My friend," answered the other, "I will +readily lay down my life in your defence; and should you +be condemned to expiate your misfortune on the cross, I +will be crucified either for you or with you." <i>This</i> man, +therefore, proved that he was his friend.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XX.—<a name="gr20" id="gr20"></a>ROYAL BOUNTY.</h3> + +<p>A king issued a proclamation, that whosoever would come +to him should obtain all they asked. The noble and the +rich desired dukedoms, or counties, or knighthood; and +some treasures of silver and gold. But whatsoever they +desired they had. Then came the poor and the simple, and +solicited a like boon.</p> + +<p>"Ye come late," said the king, "the noble and the rich +have already been, and have carried away all I possess." +This reply troubled them exceedingly; and the king, moved +by their concern, said, "My friends, though I have given +away all my wealth, I have still the sovereign power; no +one asked for that. I appoint you, therefore, to be their +judges and masters."</p> + +<p>When this came to the ears of the rich, they were extremely +disturbed, and said to the king, "My lord, we are +greatly troubled at your appointing these poor wretches +our rulers; it were better for us to die than admit such +servitude."</p> + +<p>"Sirs," answered the king, "I do you no wrong: whatever +you asked I gave; insomuch that nothing remains to +me but the supreme power. Nevertheless, I will give you +counsel. Whosoever of you has enough to support life, +let him bestow the superfluity upon these poor people. +They will then live honestly and comfortably, and upon +these conditions I will resume the sovereignty and keep it, +while you avoid the servitude you fear." And thus it was +done.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXI.—<a name="gr21" id="gr21"></a>WILY BEGUILED.</h3> + +<p>A thief went one night to the house of a rich man, and +scaling the roof, peeped through a hole to see whether any +part of the family were yet stirring. The master of the +house, suspecting something, said secretly to his wife, +"Ask me in a loud voice how I got my property, and do +not stop until I bid you."</p> + +<p>The woman complied, and began to shout, "My dear +husband, pray tell me, since you never were a merchant, +how you came by all the wealth you have."</p> + +<p>"My love," answered her husband, "do not ask such +foolish questions."</p> + +<p>But she persisted in her inquiries; and at length, as if +overcome by her urgency, he said, "Keep what I am going +to tell you a secret, and you shall know."</p> + +<p>"Oh! trust me."</p> + +<p>"Well, then, you must know that I was a thief, and got +what I now enjoy by nightly depredations."</p> + +<p>"It is strange," said the wife, "that you were never +taken."</p> + +<p>"Why," he replied, "my master, who was a skilful clerk, +taught me a particular word, which, when I went on the +tops of people's houses, I pronounced, and thus escaped +detection."</p> + +<p>"Tell me, I conjure you," returned the lady, "what that +powerful word was."</p> + +<p>"Hear, then; but never mention it again, or we shall +lose all our property."</p> + +<p>"Be sure of that," said the lady; "it shall never be +repeated."</p> + +<p>"It was—is there no one within hearing?—the mighty +word was '<span class="smallcaps">False</span>.'"</p> + +<p>The lady, apparently quite satisfied, fell asleep; and her +husband feigned it. He snored lustily, and the thief above, +who had heard their conversation with much pleasure, aided +by the light of the moon, descended, repeating seven times +the cabalistic sound. But being too much occupied with +the charm to mind his footing, he stepped through the +window into the house; and in the fall dislocated his leg and +arm, and lay half dead upon the floor. The owner of the +mansion, hearing the noise, and well knowing the reason, +though he pretended ignorance, asked "What was the +matter?" "Oh!" groaned the suffering thief, "<i>False</i> falls." +In the morning he was taken before the judge, and afterwards +suspended on a cross.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXII.—<a name="gr22" id="gr22"></a>THE BASILISK.</h3> + +<p>Alexander the Great was lord of the whole world. He +once collected a large army, and besieged a certain city, +around which many knights and others were killed without +any visible wound. Much surprised at this, he called +together his philosophers, and said, "My masters, how is +this? My soldiers die, and there is no apparent wound!" +"No wonder," replied they; "under the walls of the city is +a basilisk, whose look infects your soldiers, and they die of +the pestilence it creates." "And what remedy is there for +this?" said the king.</p> + +<p>"Place a glass in a high place between the army and the +wall under which the basilisk cowers; and no sooner shall +he behold it, than his own figure, reflected in the mirror, +shall return the poison upon himself, and kill him." +Alexander took their advice, and thus saved his followers.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h4>APPLICATION.</h4> + +<p>My beloved, look into the glass of <i>reflection</i>, and by +remembrance of human frailty destroy the vices which time +breeds.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXIII.—<a name="gr23" id="gr23"></a>THE TRUMP OF DEATH.</h3> + +<p>A king made a law, by which whosoever was suddenly +to be put to death, in the morning, before sunrise should +be saluted with songs and trumpets; and, arrayed in black +garments, should receive judgment. This king made a +great feast; and convoked all the nobles of his kingdom, +who appeared accordingly. The most skilful musicians were +assembled, and there was much sweet melody.</p> + +<p>But the king was discontented and out of humour; his +countenance expressed intense sorrow, and sighs and groans +rose from his heart. The courtiers were all amazed; but +none dared ask the cause of his sadness. At last, the king's +brother whispered to him the surprise of his guests, and +intreated that he might understand the cause of his grief. +"Go home now," answered the king; "to-morrow you shall +know." This was done.</p> + +<p>Early in the morning the king caused the trumpets to +sound before his brother's house, and the guards to bring +him to the court. The brother, greatly alarmed at the +sounding of the trumpets, arose, and put on black. When +he came before the king, the king commanded a deep pit +to be dug, and a rotten chair, with four decayed feet, to be +slightly suspended over it. In this chair he made his +brother sit; above his head he caused a sword to hang, +attached to one silk thread; and four men, each armed with +a very sharp sword, to stand near him, one before and one +behind; a third on the right hand, and the fourth on the left. +When they were thus placed, the king said, "The moment +I give the word, strike him to the heart."</p> + +<p>Trumpets, and all other kind of musical instruments, +were brought; and a table, covered with various dishes, +was set before him. "My dear brother," said the king, +"what is the cause of your sorrow? Here are the greatest +delicacies, the most enrapturing harmony; why do you not +rejoice?"</p> + +<p>"How can I rejoice?" answered he. "In the morning, +trumpets sounded for my death; and I am now placed upon +a frail chair, in which, if I move ever so little, I shall probably +be thrown upon the pointed sword beneath. If I raise +my head, the weapon above will pierce to my brain. Besides +this, the four torturers around stand ready to kill me at your +bidding. These things considered, were I lord of the universe +I could not rejoice."</p> + +<p>"Now, then," answered the king, "I will reply to your +question of yesterday. I am, on my throne, as you on that +frail chair. For my body is its emblem, supported by four +decayed feet, that is, by the four elements. The pit below +me is hell. Above my head is the sword of divine justice, +ready to take life from my body. Before me is the sword +of death; behind, the sword of sin, ready to accuse me at +the tribunal of God. The weapon on the right hand is the +devil; and that on the left, is the worms which after death +shall gnaw my body. And, considering all these circumstances, +how can <i>I</i> rejoice? If you to-day feared me, who +am mortal, how much more ought I to dread my Creator +and my Redeemer, our Lord Jesus Christ? Go, dearest +brother, and be careful that you do not again ask such +questions."</p> + +<p>The brother rose from his unpleasant seat, and rendering +thanks to the king for the lesson he had given him, firmly +resolved to amend his life. All who were present commended +the ingenuity of the royal reproof.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXIV.—<a name="gr24" id="gr24"></a>ALEXANDER AND THE PIRATE.</h3> + +<p>Augustine tells us in his book, "De Civitate Dei," that +Diomedes, in a piratical galley, for a long time infested the +sea, plundering and sinking many ships. Being captured by +command of Alexander, before whom he was brought, the +king inquired how he dared to molest the seas. "How +darest <i>thou</i>," replied he, "molest the earth? Because I am +master only of a single galley, I am termed a robber; but +you, who oppress the world with huge squadrons, are called +a king and a conqueror. Would my fortune change I might +become better; but as you are the more fortunate, so much +are you the worse." "I will change thy fortune," said +Alexander, "lest fortune should be blamed by thy malignity." +Thus he became rich; and from a robber was made +a prince and a dispenser of justice.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXV.—<a name="gr25" id="gr25"></a>A TALE OF A PENNY.</h3> + +<p>There was an emperor whose porter was very shrewd. He +earnestly besought his master that he might have the custody +of a city for a single month, and receive, by way of tax, one +penny from every crook-backed, one-eyed, scabby, leprous, +or ruptured person. The emperor admitted his request, and +confirmed the gift under his own seal.</p> + +<p>Accordingly, the porter was installed in his office; and +as the people entered the city he took note of their defects, +and charged them in accordance with the grant. It happened +that a hunch-backed fellow one day entered, and the +porter made his demand. Hunch-back protested that he +would pay nothing.</p> + +<p>The porter immediately laid hands upon him, and accidentally +raising his cap, discovered that he was <i>one-eyed</i> +also. He demanded two pennies forthwith.</p> + +<p>The other still more vehemently opposed, and would have +fled; but the porter catching hold of his head, the cap came +off, and disclosed a bald <i>scab</i>; whereupon he required three +pennies.</p> + +<p>Hunch-back, very much enraged, persisted in his refusal, +and began to struggle with the porter. This caused an +exposure of his arms, by which it became manifest that he +was <i>leprous</i>. The fourth penny was therefore laid claim to; +and the scuffle continuing, revealed a <i>rupture</i>, which made +a fifth.</p> + +<p>Thus, a fellow unjustly refusing to pay a rightful demand +of <i>one</i> penny, was necessitated, much against his inclination, +to pay <i>five</i>.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXVI.—<a name="gr26" id="gr26"></a>OF AVOIDING IMPRECATIONS.</h3> + +<p>Gervase of Tilbury relates a very remarkable occurrence, +but at the same time full of excellent caution and prudent +exhortation.</p> + +<p>During the reign of the Roman emperor Otto, there was, +in the bishopric of Girona, in Catalonia, a very high mountain, +whose ascent was extremely arduous, and, except in +one place, inaccessible. On the summit was an unfathomable +lake of black water. Here also stood, as it is reported, +a palace of demons, with a large gate, continually closed; +but the palace itself, as well as its inhabitants, existed in invisibility. +If any one cast a stone or other hard substance +into this lake, the demons exhibited their anger by furious +storms. In one part of the mountain was perpetual snow +and ice, with abundance of crystal. At its foot flowed a +river, whose sands were of gold; and the precious metal +thus obtained, was denominated, by the vulgar, its <i>cloak</i>. +The mountain itself and the parts adjacent, furnished +silver; and its inexhaustible fertility was not the least +surprising.</p> + +<p>Not far from hence lived a certain farmer, who was much +occupied with domestic matters, and troubled exceedingly +by the incessant squalling of his little girl; insomuch, that +at length wearied out by the torment, in a moment of fretfulness +he wished his infant at the devil. This incautious +desire was scarcely uttered, ere the girl was seized by an invisible +hand, and carried off. Seven years afterwards, a +person journeying at the foot of the mountain near the +farmer's dwelling, distinguished a man hurrying along at a +prodigious rate, and uttering the most doleful complaints. +He stopped to inquire the occasion; and was told, that for +the space of seven years last passed, he had been committed +to the custody of the demons upon that mountain, who +daily made use of him as of a chariot, in consequence of an +unwary exclamation to that effect. The traveller startled at +an assertion so extraordinary, and a little incredulous, was +informed that his neighbour had suffered in a similar degree; +for that having hastily committed his daughter to +their power, they had instantly borne her off. He added, +that the demons, weary of instructing the girl, would +willingly restore her, provided the father presented himself +on the mountain and there received her.</p> + +<p>The auditor, thunder-struck at this communication, +doubted whether he should conceal things so incredible, +or relate them as he had heard. He determined, at last, +to declare the girl's situation to her father; and hastening, +accordingly, found him still bewailing the lengthened +absence of his daughter. Ascertaining the cause, he went on +to state what he had heard from the man whom the devils +used as a chariot. "Therefore," said he, "I recommend +you, attesting the divine name, to demand of these devils +the restitution of your daughter." Amazed at what was +imparted to him, the father deliberated upon the best +method of proceeding; and finally, pursued the counsel of +the traveller. Ascending the mountain, he passed forward +to the lake, and adjured the demons to restore the girl whom +his folly had committed to them. Suddenly a violent blast +swept by him, and a girl of lofty stature stood in his presence. +Her eyes were wild and wandering, and her bones +and sinews were scarcely covered with skin. Her horrible +countenance discovered no sign of sensibility; and, ignorant +of all language, she scarcely could be acknowledged for a +human being. The father, wondering at her strange appearance, +and doubtful whether she should be taken to his own +home or not, posted to the bishop of Girona, and with a +sorrowful aspect detailed what had befallen him; at the +same time requesting his advice. The bishop, as a religious +man, and one entrusted with a charge of so much importance, +narrated every circumstance respecting the girl to his +diocese. He warned them against rashly committing their +fortunes to the power of concealed demons; and showed +that our adversary the devil, as a raging lion, goeth about +seeking whom he may devour; that he will slay those who +are given to him, and hold them in eternal bonds.</p> + +<p>The man who was used by the devils as a chariot, a long +time remained in this miserable situation. But his subsequent +faith and discretion emancipated him. He stated +that near the above-mentioned place there was an extensive +subterranean palace, whose entrance was by a single gate, +enveloped in the thickest darkness. Through this portal +the devils, who had been on embassies to various parts of +the world, returned, and communicated to their fellows what +they had done. No one could tell of what the palace was +constructed, save themselves, and those who passed under +their yoke to eternal damnation. From all which, my +beloved, we may gather the dangers we are exposed to, and +how cautious we should be of invoking the devil to our +assistance, as well as of committing our family to his power. +Let us guard our hearts, and beware that he catch not up +the sinful soul, and plunge it into the lake of everlasting +misery; where there is snow and ice unthawed; crystal, that +reflects the awakened and agonized conscience perpetually +burning with immortal fire.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXVII.—<a name="gr27" id="gr27"></a>A VERSE EXERCISE.</h3> + +<p>Alexander had an only son called Celestinus, whom he +loved with the utmost tenderness. He desired to have him +well instructed; and sending for a certain philosopher, +said, "Sir, instruct my son, and I will pay you bountifully." +The philosopher agreed, and took the boy home with him. +He diligently performed his duty; and it happened, that +one day entering a meadow with his pupil, they saw a horse +lying on the ground, grievously affected with the mange. +Near the animal two sheep were tied together, which busily +cropped the grass that grew around them. It so chanced +that the sheep were on each side of the horse, and the cord +with which they were bound passed over his back, and +chafing the sores, galled him exceedingly. Disturbed by +this, he got up; but the cord, then loaded with the weight +of the sheep, afflicted him more and more; and filled with +fury, he began to run off at a great speed, dragging along +the unfortunate sheep. And in equal proportion to their +resistance was the increase of the horse's suffering, for +the cord, having worn itself into a hollow, sunk, at every +struggle, deeper into the wound.</p> + +<p>Adjoining the meadow was the house of a miller, toward +which the horse, impelled by the anguish of his wound, +galloped, and entered, with the sheep hanging as we have +said. The house was then unoccupied; but there was a +fire burning upon the hearth; and the horse plunging and +striking his hoofs, so scattered the fire, that the flame +caught hold of the building, and burnt all to ashes, together +with the horse and the sheep. "Young man," said the +preceptor to his pupil, "you have witnessed the beginning, +the middle, and the end of this incident: make me some +correct verses upon it; and show me why the house was burnt. +Unless you do this, I promise I will punish you severely."</p> + +<p>Celestinus, during the absence of his master, applied +himself diligently to study, but he was unable to do his +task. This much troubled him; and the devil, ever on the +alert, met him in the likeness of a man, and said, "My son, +what has made you so sorrowful?"</p> + +<p><i>Celest.</i> "Never mind; it is no use telling you."</p> + +<p><i>Devil.</i> "You know not that; tell me, and I will help you."</p> + +<p><i>Celest.</i> "I am charged, under a heavy punishment, to +make some verses about a scabby horse and two sheep, +and I don't know how."</p> + +<p><i>Devil.</i> "Young man, I am the devil in a human form, +and the best poet going; care nothing about your master, +but promise to serve me faithfully, and I will compose such +delectable verses for you that they shall excel those of your +pedagogue himself."</p> + +<p>Celestinus, tempted by this insidious proposal, gave his +word to serve him faithfully if he fulfilled his engagement.</p> + +<p>The devil then produced the following verses:—</p> + + +<div class="poem3"> + <p class="noindent"> + Bound by a thong, that passed along<br /> +<span class="ind1">A horse's mangy hide;</span><br /> +Two sheep there lay, as I you say,<br /> +<span class="ind1">One upon either side.</span><br /> +<br /> +The steed uprose, and upward goes<br /> + <span class="ind1">Each sheep with dangling breech;</span><br /> +Borne by the horse's rapid course,<br /> + <span class="ind1">The miller's hut they reach.</span><br /> + <br /> +Scattering the fire, with reckless ire,<br /> + <span class="ind1">The rafters caught the flame;</span><br /> +And bleating breed and scabby steed<br /> + <span class="ind1">Were roasted in the same.</span><br /> +<br /> +Now had that wight, that miller hight,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Vouchsafed his house to keep;</span><br /> +Ere he returned, it had not burned,<br /> + <span class="ind1">Nor burned his horse and sheep</span>.<a href="#mt8"><small><sup>8</sup></small></a> +<a name="mt8r" id="mt8r"></a> + </p> +</div> + +<p>The boy, made happy by the present, returned home.</p> + +<p><i>Master.</i> "My child, have you stolen your verses, or made +them?"</p> + +<p><i>Celest.</i> "I made them, sir."</p> + +<p>He then read what we have given above; and the master, +struck with the greatest astonishment at their uncommon +beauty, exclaimed, "My dear boy, tell me if any one made +these verses for you?"</p> + +<p><i>Celest.</i> "No, sir; no one did."</p> + +<p><i>Master.</i> "Unless you tell me the truth, I will flog you +till the blood run."</p> + +<p>The lad, fearful of what might follow, declared all that +occurred, and how he had bound himself to the devil. The +preceptor, grieved at the communication, induced the youth +to confess himself, and renounce this fearful confederacy. +When this was done he became a holy man; and after a +well-spent life, gave up his soul to God.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXVIII.—<a name="gr28" id="gr28"></a>BRED IN THE BONE.</h3> + +<p>There reigned some time in Rome a wise and mighty +emperor, named Anselm, who did bear in his arms a shield +of silver with five red roses. This emperor had three sons, +whom he loved much. He had also continual war with the +king of Egypt, in which war he lost all his temporal goods +except a precious tree. It fortuned after on a day that he +gave battle to the same king of Egypt, wherein he was +grievously wounded; nevertheless, he obtained the victory, +notwithstanding he had his deadly wound. Wherefore, +while he lay at point of death, he called unto his eldest +son, and said: "My dear and well-beloved son, all my +temporal riches are spent, and almost nothing is left me +but a precious tree, the which stands in the midst of my +empire. I give to thee all that is under the earth and above +the earth of the same tree." "O my reverend father," quoth +he, "I thank you much."</p> + +<p>Then said the emperor, "Call to me my second son." +Anon the eldest son, greatly joying of his father's gift, called +in his brother. And when he came, the emperor said, +"My dear son, I may not make my testament, forasmuch +as I have spent all my goods, except a tree which stands in +the midst of mine empire, of the which tree, I bequeath to +thee all that is great and small." Then answered he and +said, "My reverend father, I thank you much."</p> + +<p>Then said the emperor, "Call to me my third son." +And so it was done. And when he was come the emperor +said, "My dear son, I must die of these wounds, and I +have only a precious tree, of which I have given thy +brethren their portion, and to thee I bequeath thy portion; +for I will that thou have of the said tree all that is wet and +dry." Then said his son, "Father, I thank you."</p> + +<p>Soon after the emperor had made his bequest, he died. +And the eldest son took possession of the tree. Now +when the second son heard this, he came to him, saying, +"My brother, by what law or title occupy you this tree?" +"Dear brother," quoth he, "I occupy it by this title: my +father gave me all that is under the earth, and above of the +said tree, by reason thereof the tree is mine." "Unknowing +to thee," quoth the second brother, "he gave unto me all +that is great and small of the said tree, and therefore I have +as great right in the tree as you." This hearing, the third +son he came to them and said, "My well-beloved brethren, +it behoveth you not to strive for this tree, for I have as +much right in the tree as ye, for by the law ye wot that the +last will and testament ought to stand, for of truth he gave +me of the said tree all that is wet and dry, and therefore the +tree by right is mine; but forasmuch as your words are of +great force and mine also, my counsel is that we be judged +by reason, for it is not good nor commendable that strife or +dissension should be among us. Here beside dwelleth a +king full of reason; therefore, to avoid strife, let us go to +him, and each of us lay his right before him, and as he shall +judge, let us stand to his judgment." Then said his brethren, +"Thy counsel is good." Wherefore they went all three unto +the king of reason, and each of them severally showeth forth +his right unto him, as it is said before.</p> + +<p>When the king had heard the titles, he rehearsed them all +again severally, first saying to the eldest son thus: "You +say," quoth the king, "that your father gave you all that is +under the earth and above the earth of the said tree. And +to the second brother he bequeathed all that is great and +small of that tree. And to the third brother he gave all +that is wet and dry."</p> + +<p>And with that he laid the law to them, and said that this +will ought to stand.</p> + +<p>"Now, my dear friends, briefly I shall satisfy all your requests;" +and when he had thus said, he turned him unto +the eldest brother, saying, "My dear friend, if you list to +abide the judgment of right, it behoveth you to be letten +blood of the right arm." "My lord," quoth he, "your will +shall be done." Then the king called for a discreet physician, +commanding him to let him blood.</p> + +<p>When the eldest son was letten blood, the king said unto +them all three, "My dear friends, where is your father +buried?" Then answered they, and said, "Forsooth, my +lord, in such a place." Anon the king commanded to dig in +the ground for the body, and to take a bone out of his +breast, and to bury the body again: and so it was done. +And when the bone was taken out, the king commanded +that it should be laid in the blood of the elder brother, and +it should lie till it had received kindly the blood, and then +to be laid in the sun and dried, and after that it should be +washed with clear water. His servants fulfilled all that he +had commanded: and when they began to wash, the blood +vanished clean away; when the king saw this, he said to the +second son, "It behoveth that thou be letten blood, as thy +brother was." Then said he, "My lord's will shall be fulfilled," +and anon he was done unto like as his brother was +in all things, and when they began to wash the bone, the +blood vanished away. Then said the king to the third son, +"It behoveth thee to be letten blood likewise." He answered +and said, "My lord, it pleaseth me well so to be." When +the youngest brother was letten blood, and done unto in all +things as the two brethren were before, then the king's +servants began to wash the bone, but neither for washing nor +rubbing might they do away the blood of the bone, but it +ever appeared bloody: when the king saw this, he said, "It +appeareth openly now that this blood is of the nature of the +bone, thou art his true son, and the other two are bastards. +I judge thee the tree for evermore."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXIX.—<a name="gr29" id="gr29"></a>FULGENTIUS.</h3> + +<p>In Rome some time dwelt a mighty emperor named +Martin, which for entire affection kept with him his brother's +son, whom men called Fulgentius. With this Martin dwelt +also a knight that was steward of the empire, and uncle +unto the emperor, which envied this Fulgentius, studying +day and night how he might bring the emperor and this +youth at debate. Wherefore the steward on a day went to +the emperor, and said, "My lord," quoth he, "I that am your +true servant, am bound in duty to warn your highness, if +I hear anything that toucheth your honour, wherefore I have +such things that I must needs utter it in secret to your +majesty between us two." Then said the emperor, "Good +friend, say on what thee list."</p> + +<p>"My most dear lord," quoth the steward, "Fulgentius, +your cousin and your nigh kinsman, hath defamed you +wonderfully and shamefully throughout all your whole empire, +saying that your breath stinketh, and that it is death +to him to serve your cup." Then the emperor was grievously +displeased, and almost beside himself for anger, and said +unto him thus: "I pray thee, good friend, tell me the very +truth, if that my breath stinketh as he saith?" "My lord," +quoth the steward, "ye may believe me, I never perceived +a sweeter breath in my days than yours is." "Then," said +the emperor, "I pray thee, good friend, tell me how I may +bring this thing to good proof."</p> + +<p>The steward answered and said: "My lord," quoth he, +"ye shall right well understand the truth; for to-morrow +next when he serveth you of your cup, ye shall see that he +will turn away his face from you, because of your breath, +and this is the most certain proof that may be had of this +thing." "Verily," quoth the emperor, "a truer proof cannot +be had of this thing." Therefore anon, when the steward heard +this, he went straight to Fulgentius, and took him aside, +saying thus: "Dear friend, thou art near kinsman and also +nephew unto my lord the emperor, therefore if thou wilt be +thankful unto me, I will tell thee of a fault whereof my lord +the emperor complaineth oft, and thinks to put thee from +him, except it be the sooner amended, and that will be a +great reproof to thee." Then said this Fulgentius: "Ah, +good sir, for his love that died upon the cross, tell me why +my lord is so sore moved with me, for I am ready to amend +my fault in all that I can or may, and for to be ruled by +your discreet counsel." +</p> +<p>"Thy breath," quoth the steward, "stinketh so sore, that +his drink doth him no good, so grievous unto him is the +stinking breath of thy mouth." Then said Fulgentius unto +the steward: "Truly; that perceived I never till now. But +what think ye of my breath? I pray you tell me the very +truth." "Truly," quoth the steward, "it stinketh greatly +and foul." And this Fulgentius believed all that he had +said, and was right sorrowful in his mind, and prayed the +steward of his counsel and help in this woeful case. +Then said the steward unto him, "If that thou wilt do my +counsel, I shall bring this matter to a good conclusion; +wherefore do as I shall tell thee.</p> + +<p>"I counsel thee for the best, and also warn thee that +when thou servest my lord the emperor of his cup, that thou +turn thy face away from him, so that he may not smell thy +stinking breath, until the time that thou hast provided thee +of some remedy therefore."</p> + +<p>Then was Fulgentius right glad, and sware to him that +he would do by his counsel.</p> + +<p>Not long after it befell that this young man Fulgentius +served his lord as he was wont to do, and therewith +suddenly he turned his face from the lord the emperor, as +the steward had taught him.</p> + +<p>And when the emperor perceived the avoiding of his +head, he smote this young Fulgentius on the breast with +his foot, and said to him thus: "O thou lewd varlet; now +I see well it is true that I have heard of thee, and therefore +go thou anon out of my sight, that I may see thee no more +in this place." And with that this young Fulgentius wept +full sore, and avoided the place, and went out of his sight.</p> + +<p>And when this was done, the emperor called unto him +his steward, and said, "How may I rid this varlet from the +world, that thus hath defamed me?" "My most dear +lord," quoth the steward, "right well you shall have your +intent.</p> + +<p>"For here beside, within these three miles, ye have brickmakers, +which daily make great fire, for to burn brick, and +also they make lime; therefore, my lord, send to them this +night, charge them upon pain of death, that whosoever +cometh to them first in the morning, saying to them thus, +'My lord commandeth them to fulfil his will,' that they take +him and cast him into the furnace and burn him: and +this night command you this Fulgentius, that he go early +in the morning to your workmen, and that he ask them +whether they have fulfilled your will which they were commanded +or not; and then shall they, according to your +commandment, cast him into the fire, and thus shall he die +an evil death."</p> + +<p>"Surely," quoth the emperor, "thy counsel is good; +therefore call to me that varlet Fulgentius." And when the +young man was come to the emperor's presence, he said +to him thus: "I charge thee upon pain of death, that thou +rise early in the morning, and go to the burners of lime and +brick, and that thou be with them early before the sun +rise, three miles from this house, and charge them in my +behalf, that they fulfil my commandment, or else they shall +die a most shameful death."</p> + +<p>Then spake this Fulgentius: "My lord, if God send me +my life, I shall fulfil your will, were it that I go to the +world's end."</p> + +<p>When Fulgentius had this charge, he could not sleep for +thought, that he must rise early to fulfil his lord's commandment. +The emperor about midnight sent a messenger on +horseback unto his brickmakers, commanding, that upon +pain of death, that whosoever came to them first in the +morning, saying unto them (as is before rehearsed) they +should take him and bind him, and cast him into the fire, +and burn him to the bare bones.</p> + +<p>The brickmakers answered and said, it should be done. +Then the messenger returns home again, and told the +emperor that his commandment should be diligently +fulfilled.</p> + +<p>Early in the morning following, Fulgentius arose and prepared +him towards his way, and as he went, he heard a bell +ring to service, wherefore he went to hear service, and after +the end of service he fell asleep, and there slept a long while +so soundly, that the priest, nor none other, might awake him.</p> + +<p>The steward desiring inwardly to hear of his death, about +two of the clock he went to the workmen, and said unto +them thus: "Sirs," quoth he, "have ye done the emperor's +commandment or not?"</p> + +<p>The brickmakers answered him and said: "No, truly, we +have not yet done his commandment, but it shall be done," +and with that they laid hands on him. Then cried the +steward, and said, "Good sirs, save my life, for the emperor +commanded that Fulgentius should be put to death." Then +said they, "The messenger told us not so, but he bade us, +that whosoever came first in the morning, saying, as you +have said, that we should take him, and cast him into the +furnace, and burn him to ashes." And with that they threw +him into the fire.</p> + +<p>And when he was burnt, Fulgentius came to them and +said, "Good sirs, have you done my lord's commandment?" +"Yea, soothly," said they, "and therefore go ye again to the +emperor, and tell him so." Then said Fulgentius, "For +Christ's love, tell me that commandment?"</p> + +<p>"We had in commandment," said they, "upon pain of +death, that whosoever came to us first in the morning, and +said like as thou hast said, that we should take him and +cast him into the furnace. But before thee came the steward +and therefore on him have we fulfilled the emperor's commandment; +now he is burnt to the bare bones."</p> + +<p>When Fulgentius heard this, he thanked God that he had +so preserved him from death; therefore he took his leave +of the workmen, and went again to the palace.</p> + +<p>When the emperor saw him, he was almost distract of his +wits for anger, and thus he said, "Hast thou been with the +brickmakers, and fulfilled my commandment?" "Soothly, +my gracious lord, I have been there, but ere I am there, +your commandment was fulfilled." "How may that be +true," quoth the emperor. +</p> +<p>"Forsooth," said Fulgentius, "the steward came to them +afore me, and said that I should have said, so they took +him and threw him into the furnace; and if I had come +any earlier, so would they have done to me, and therefore +I thank God that he hath preserved me from death."</p> + +<p>Then said the emperor, "Tell me the truth of such +questions as I shall demand of thee." Then said Fulgentius +to the emperor, "You never found me in any +falsehood, and therefore I greatly wonder why ye have +ordained such a death for me; for well ye know that I am +your own brother's son." Then said the emperor to +Fulgentius: "It is no wonder, for that death I ordained +for thee, through counsel of the steward, because thou didst +defame me throughout all my empire, saying, that my breath +did stink so grievously, that it was death to thee, and in +token thereof thou turnedst away thy face when thou +servedst me of my cup, and that I saw with mine eyes; and +for this cause I ordained for thee such a death; and yet +thou shalt die, except I hear a better excuse."</p> + +<p>Then answered Fulgentius, and said, "Ah, dear lord, if +it might please your highness for to hear me, I shall show +you a subtle and deceitful imagination." "Say on," quoth +the emperor.</p> + +<p>"The steward," quoth Fulgentius, "that is now dead, +came to me and said, that ye told unto him that my breath +did stink, and thereupon he counselled me, that when I +served you of your cup, I should turn my face away; I take +God to witness, I lie not."</p> + +<p>When the emperor heard this, he believed him, and said, +"O my nephew, now I see, through the right wise judgment +of God, the steward is burnt, and his own wickedness and +envy is fallen on himself, for he ordained this malice +against thee, and therefore thou art much bound to +Almighty God that hath preserved thee from death."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3>XXX.—<a name="gr30" id="gr30"></a>VENGEANCE DEFERRED.</h3> + +<p>A law was made at Rome, that no man should marry +for beauty, but for riches only; and that no woman should +be united to a poor man, unless he should by some means +acquire wealth equal to her own. A certain poor knight +solicited the hand of a rich lady, but she reminded him of +the law, and desired him to use the best means of complying +with it, in order to effect their union. He departed in +great sorrow; and after much inquiry, was informed of a +rich duke, who had been blind from the day of his birth. +Him he resolved to murder, and obtain his wealth; but +found that he was protected in the daytime by several +armed domestics, and at night by the vigilance of a faithful +dog. He contrived, however, to kill the dog with an arrow, +and immediately afterwards the master; with whose money +he returned to the lady. He informed her that he had +accomplished his purpose; and being asked how this had +been done in so short a space of time, he told all that had +happened.</p> + +<p>The lady desired, before the marriage should take +place, that he would go to the spot where the duke was +buried, lay himself on his tomb, listen to what he might +hear, and then report it to her. The knight armed +himself, and went accordingly. In the middle of the night +he heard a voice saying, "O duke, that liest here, what +askest thou that I can do for thee?" The answer was, +"O Jesus, thou upright judge, all that I require is vengeance +for my blood unjustly spilt." The voice rejoined, +"Thirty years from this time thy wish shall be fulfilled." The +knight, extremely terrified, returned with the news to the +lady. She reflected that thirty years were a long time, and +resolved on the marriage. During the whole thirty years the +parties remained in perfect happiness.</p> + +<p>When the thirty years were nearly passed, the knight +built a strong castle, and over one of the gates, in a +conspicuous place, caused the following verses to be +written—</p> + +<div class="poem2"> +<p class="noindent">"In my distress, religious aid I sought:<br /> + But my distress relieved, I held it nought.<br /> + The wolf was sick, a lamb he seemed to be;<br /> + But health restored, a wolf again was he."</p> +</div> + +<p>Interrogated as to the meaning of these enigmatical lines, +the knight at once explained them, by relating his own +story, and added, that in eight days time the thirty years +would expire.</p> + +<p>He invited all his friends to a feast at that date, and +when the day was arrived, the guests placed at table, +and the minstrels attuning their instruments of music, a +beautiful bird flew in at the window, and began to sing +with uncommon sweetness. The knight listened attentively +and said, "I fear this bird prognosticates misfortune." He +then took his bow, and shot an arrow into it, in presence of +all the company. Instantly the castle divided into two +parts, and, with the knight, his wife, and all who were in it, +was precipitated to the lowest depth of the infernal regions. +The story adds, that on the spot where the castle +stood, there is now a spacious lake, on which no substance +whatever floats, but is immediately plunged to the +bottom.</p> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="FAMOUS_HISTORY" id="FAMOUS_HISTORY"></a>A DISCOURSE OF THE</h3> + +<h2><span class="smallcaps">Most Famous Dr. John Faustus</span>,</h2> + +<h4>OF WITTENBURG, IN GERMANY. CONJURER AND<br /> +NECROMANCER;</h4> + + +<h4><i>WHEREIN IS DECLARED MANY STRANGE THINGS<br /> + +THAT HIMSELF HAD SEEN AND DONE IN<br /> + +THE EARTH AND AIR, WITH HIS<br /> + +BRINGING UP, HIS TRAVELS, STUDIES, AND LAST END.</i></h4> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h4>THE FAMOUS HISTORY</h4> +<h6>OF</h6> +<h2><span class="smallcaps">Doctor Faustus.</span></h2> + +<p> </p> + +<div class="justify"> +<table style="margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="0" summary="CONTENTS_FAUSTUS"> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch1">CHAPTER I.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch2">CHAPTER II.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch3">CHAPTER III.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch4">CHAPTER IV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch5">CHAPTER V.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch6">CHAPTER VI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch7">CHAPTER VII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch8">CHAPTER VIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch9">CHAPTER IX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch10">CHAPTER X.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch11">CHAPTER XI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch12">CHAPTER XII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch13">CHAPTER XIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch14">CHAPTER XIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch15">CHAPTER XV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch16">CHAPTER XVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch17">CHAPTER XVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch18">CHAPTER XVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch19">CHAPTER XIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch20">CHAPTER XX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch21">CHAPTER XXI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch22">CHAPTER XXII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch23">CHAPTER XXIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch24">CHAPTER XXIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch25">CHAPTER XXV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch26">CHAPTER XXVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch27">CHAPTER XXVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch28">CHAPTER XXVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch29">CHAPTER XXIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch30">CHAPTER XXX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch31">CHAPTER XXXI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch32">CHAPTER XXXII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch33">CHAPTER XXXIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch34">CHAPTER XXXIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch35">CHAPTER XXXV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch36">CHAPTER XXXVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch37">CHAPTER XXXVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch38">CHAPTER XXXVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch39">CHAPTER XXXIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch40">CHAPTER XL.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch41">CHAPTER XLI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch42">CHAPTER XLII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch43">CHAPTER XLIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch44">CHAPTER XLIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch45">CHAPTER XLV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch46">CHAPTER XLVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch47">CHAPTER XLVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch48">CHAPTER XLVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch49">CHAPTER XLIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch50">CHAPTER L.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch51">CHAPTER LI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch52">CHAPTER LII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch53">CHAPTER LIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch54">CHAPTER LIV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch55">CHAPTER LV.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch56">CHAPTER LVI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch57">CHAPTER LVII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch58">CHAPTER LVIII.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch59">CHAPTER LIX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch60">CHAPTER LX.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch61">CHAPTER LXI.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td valign="top"></td><td><a href="#fch62">CHAPTER LXII.</a></td></tr> +</table> +</div> +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch1" id="fch1"></a>CHAPTER I.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of his Parentage and Birth.</i></p> + +<p>John Faustus, born in the town of Rhodes, being in the +province of Weimar, in Germany, his father a poor husbandman, +and not able well to bring him up, yet having an uncle +at Wittenburg, a rich man, and without issue, took this +Faustus from his father, and made him his heir, insomuch +that his father was no more troubled with him, for he remained +with his uncle at Wittenburg, where he was kept at +the university in the same city, to study Divinity; but +Faustus being of a naughty mind, and otherwise addicted, +plyed not his studies, but betook himself to other exercises, +which his uncle oftentimes hearing, rebuked him for it; as +Eli oftentimes rebuked his children for sinning against the +Lord, even so this good old man laboured to have Faustus +apply his study to Divinity, that he might come to the +knowledge of God and his law. But it is manifest that +many virtuous parents have wicked children, as Cain, +Reuben, Absolom, and such like, have been to their parents. +So Faustus having godly parents, who seeing him to be of a +toward wit, were desirous to bring him up in those virtuous +studies, namely, of Divinity; but he gave himself secretly to +necromancy, and conjuration, insomuch that few or none +could perceive his profession.</p> + +<p>But to the purpose, Faustus continued at study in the +university, and was by the rectors, and sixteen masters afterwards, +examined how he had profited in his studies, and +being found by them, that none of his time were able to +argue with him in divinity, or for the excellency of his +wisdom to compare with him, with one consent they made +him Doctor of Divinity. But Doctor Faustus, within short +time after he had obtained his degree, fell into such fantasies, +and deep cogitations, that he was mocked of many, and of +the most part of the students was called the Speculator, and +sometimes he would throw the Scriptures from him, as though +he had no care of his former profession, so that he began a +most ungodly life, as hereafter more at large may appear, +for the old proverb saith, "Who can hold what will away?" +So, who can hold Faustus from the devil, that seeks after +him with all his endeavours; for he accompanied himself +with divers that were seen in those devilish arts, and that +had the Chaldean, Persian, Hebrew, Arabian, and Greek +tongues, using figures, characters, conjurations, incantations, +with many other ceremonies belonging to those infernal arts, +as necromancy, charms, soothsaying, witchcraft, enchantment, +being delighted with their books, words, and names +so well, that he studied day and night therein, insomuch +that he could not abide to be called Doctor of Divinity, but +waxed a worldly man, and named himself an astrologian, and +a mathematician, and for a shadow sometimes a physician, +and did great cures, namely with herbs, roots, waters, drinks, +receipts and glysters; and without doubt he was passing wise +and excellent perfect in Holy Scripture. But he that +knoweth his master's will, and doth it not, is worthy to be +beaten with many stripes. It is written, "No man can serve +two masters, and thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God." +But Faustus threw all this in the wind, and made his soul of +no estimation, regarding more his worldly pleasures than the +joys to come; therefore at the day of judgment, there is no +hope of his redemption.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch2" id="fch2"></a>CHAPTER II.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Doctor Faustus began to practise his devilish Art,<br /> +and how he +conjured the Devil,<br /> making him to appear, and meet him on the +morrow-morning <br /> +at his own House.</i></p> + +<p>You have heard before that all Faustus's mind was to study +the arts of necromancy and conjuration, the which exercise +he followed day and night, and taking to him the wings of +an eagle thought to fly over the whole world, and to know +the secrets of heaven and earth, for his speculation was so +wonderful, being expert in using his vocabula, figures, +characters, conjuration, and other ceremonial actions, that +in all haste he put in practice to bring the devil before him, +and taking his way to a thick wood near to Wittenburg, +called in the German tongue, Spisser Holt, that is in English, +the Spisser's Wood, as Faustus would oftentimes boast of it +among the crew, being in jollity, he came into the wood one +evening into the cross-way, where he made with a wand a +circle in the dust, and within that many more circles and +characters; and thus he past away the time until it was nine +or ten of the clock in the night, then began Dr. Faustus to +call on Mephistophiles the Spirit, and to charge him in the +name of Belzebub, to appear there presently, without any +long stay.</p> + +<p>Then presently the devil began so great a rumour in the +wood, as if heaven and earth would have come together, +with wind, and the trees bowed their tops to the ground, +then fell the devil to roar, as if the whole wood had been +full of lions, and suddenly about the circle run the devil, +as if a thousand waggons had been running together on +paved-stones. After this, at the four corners of the wood +it thundered horribly, with such lightning, as the whole +world to his seeming had been on fire. Faustus all this +while, half amazed at the devil's so long tarrying, and +doubting whether he were best to abide any more such +horrible conjurings, thought to leave his circle, and depart, +whereupon the devil made him such music of all sorts, as +if the nymphs themselves had been in place: whereat +Faustus revived, and stood stoutly in his circle, expecting +his purpose, and began again to conjure the spirit Mephistophiles +in the name of the Prince of Devils, to appear in +his likeness: whereat suddenly, over his head hung hovering +in the air a mighty dragon; then calls Faustus again after +his devilish manner, at which there was a monstrous cry in +the wood, as if hell had been open, and all the tormented +souls cursing their condition.</p> + +<p>Presently, not three fathoms above his head, fell a flame +in manner of lightning, and changed itself into a globe; +yet Faustus feared it not, but did persuade himself that the +devil should give him his request before he would leave. +Oftentimes after to his companions he would boast that +he had the stoutest head under the cope of heaven at +command. Whereat they answered, They knew no stouter +than the Pope or Emperor. But Dr. Faustus said, "The +head that is my servant, is above all upon earth;" and +repeated certain words out of St. Paul to the Ephesians, to +make his argument good, "The Prince of the World is +upon earth and under heaven." Well, let us come again to +his conjuration, where we left him at the fiery globe; +Faustus, vexed at his spirit's so long tarrying, used his +charms, with full purpose not to depart before he had his +intent; and crying on Mephistophiles the spirit, suddenly +the globe opened, and sprung up in the height of a man, so +burning a time, in the end it converted to the shape of a +fiery man. This pleasant beast ran about the circle a great +while, and lastly appeared in the manner of a Gray Friar, +asking Faustus what was his request.</p> + +<p>Faustus commanded, that the next morning at twelve of +the clock, he should appear to him at his house; but the +devil would in no wise grant it. Faustus began to conjure +him again, in the name of Belzebub, that he should fulfil his +request; whereupon the spirit agreed, and so they departed +each on his way.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch3" id="fch3"></a>CHAPTER III.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The Conference of Doctor Faustus, with his Spirit Mephistophiles,<br /> +the +Morning following at his own House.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus, having commanded the spirit to be with him, +at his hour appointed, he came and appeared in his chamber, +demanding of Faustus what his desire was. Then began +Dr. Faustus anew with him, to conjure him, That he would +be obedient unto him, and to answer him certain articles, +to fulfil them in all points:</p> + +<p>1. That the spirit would serve him, and be obedient unto +him in all things that he asked of him, from that hour until +the hour of his death.</p> + +<p>2. Further, anything that he desired of him, he should +bring him.</p> + +<p>3. Also that in all Faustus's demands and interrogations, +the spirit should tell him nothing but that which was true.</p> + +<p>Hereupon the spirit answered, and laid his case forth, +that he had no such power of himself until he had first given +his prince (that was ruler over him) to understand thereof, +and to know if he could obtain so much of his lord: +"Therefore speak farther, that I may do thy whole desire +to my prince; for it is not in my power to fulfil without +his leave."</p> + +<p>"Show me the cause why?" said Faustus.</p> + +<p>The spirit answered Faustus: "Thou shalt understand, +that with us it is even as well a kingdom as with you on +earth; yea, we have our rulers and servants, as I myself am +one; and we have our whole number the legion, for +although that Lucifer is thrust and fallen out of heaven, +through his pride and high mind, yet he hath notwithstanding +a legion of devils at his command, that we call +the Oriental Princes, for his power is infinite; also there is +a power in meridie, in septentrio, in occidente, and for that +Lucifer hath his kingdom under heaven; we must change +and give ourselves to men, to serve them at their pleasure. +It is also certain, we have not as yet opened to any man +the truth of our dwelling, neither of our ruling, neither +what our power is; neither have we given any man any +gift, or learned him anything, except he promise to +be ours."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus upon this arose where he sat, and said, +"I will have my request, and yet I will not be damned."</p> + +<p>The spirit answered: "Then shalt thou want thy desire, +and yet art thou mine notwithstanding; if any men would +detain thee, it is but in vain, for thy infidelity hath confounded +thee."</p> + +<p>Hereupon spake Faustus: "Get thee hence from me, +and take St. Valentine's farewell, and Crisman with thee; +yet I conjure thee, that thou be here at evening, and +bethink thyself of what I have asked thee; ask thy prince's +counsel therein."</p> + +<p>Mephistophiles the spirit, thus answered, vanished away, +leaving Faustus in his study, where he sat pondering with +himself how he might obtain his request of the devil, +without the loss of his soul; yet he was fully resolved in +himself, rather than to want his pleasure, to do what the +spirit and his lord should condition upon.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch4" id="fch4"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The second Time of the Spirit's appearing to Faustus at his House,<br /> +and their Parley.</i></p> + +<p>Faustus continued in his devilish cogitations, never moving +out of the place where the spirit left him, such was his +fervent love to the devil; the night approaching, this swift-flying +spirit appeared to Faustus, offering himself with all +submission to his service, with full authority from his prince, +to do whatsoever he would request; if so be Faustus would +promise to be his. "This answer I bring thee, an answer +must thou make by me again: yet I will hear what is thy +desire, because thou hast sworn to me to be here at this +time."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus gave him this answer, though faintly for his +soul's sake, that his request was none other, but to become +a devil, or at least a limb of him, and that the spirit should +agree to these articles following:</p> + +<p>1. That he might be a spirit in shape and quality.</p> + +<p>2. That Mephistophiles should be his servant at his +command.</p> + +<p>3. That Mephistophiles should bring him anything, and +do for him whatsoever he desired.</p> + +<p>4. That all times he would be in the house invisible to +all men, except only to himself, and at his command to +show himself.</p> + +<p>5. That Mephistophiles should at all times appear at his +command, in what form or shape soever he would.</p> + +<p>Upon these points the spirit answered Dr. Faustus. That +all this should be granted him, and fulfilled, and more if he +would agree unto him upon certain articles as followeth:</p> + +<p>1. That Dr. Faustus should give himself to the lord +Lucifer, body and soul.</p> + +<p>2. For confirmation of the same, he should make him a +writing written in his own blood.</p> + +<p>3. That he would be an enemy to all Christian people.</p> + +<p>4. That he would deny the Christian belief.</p> + +<p>5. That he let not any man change his opinion, if so be +any man should go about to dissuade or withdraw him +from it.</p> + +<p>Farther the spirit promised Faustus to give him certain +years to live in health and pleasure, and when such years +were expired, that then Faustus would be fetched away; +and if he would hold these articles and conditions, that +then he should have whatsoever his heart would wish or +desire; and that Faustus should quickly perceive himself +to be a spirit in all manner of actions whatsoever. Hereupon +Dr. Faustus's mind was inflamed, that he forgot his +soul, and promises Mephistophiles to hold all things as he +mentioned them: he thought the devil was not so black as +they used to paint him, nor hell so hot as the people say.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch5" id="fch5"></a>CHAPTER V.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The third Parley between Dr. Faustus and Mephistophiles<br /> +about +a Conclusion.</i></p> + +<p>After Dr. Faustus had made his promise to the devil, in +the morning betimes he called the spirit before him, and +commanded him, that he should always come to him like a +friar, after the order of St. Francis, with a bell in his hand +like St. Anthony, and to ring it once or twice before he +appeared, that he might know of his certain coming: then +Faustus demanded of his spirit what was his name?</p> + +<p>The spirit answered, "My name is as thou sayest, Mephistophiles, +and I am a prince, but a servant to Lucifer, and +all the circuit from septentrio to the meridian, I rule under +him."</p> + +<p>Even at these words was this wicked wretch Faustus +inflamed, to hear himself to have gotten so great a potentate +to serve him, forgetting the Lord his Maker, and Christ his +Redeemer, he became an enemy to all mankind; yea, worse +than the giants, whom the poets said to climb the hills to +make war with the gods, not unlike the enemy of God and +Christ, that for his pride was cast into hell; so likewise +Faustus forgot, that high climbers catch the greatest falls, +and sweet meats have oft sourest sauce.</p> + +<p>After a while Faustus promised Mephistophiles to write +and make his obligation with all assurance of the articles in +the chapter before rehearsed: a pitiful case, Christian reader, +for certainly this letter or obligation was found in his house, +after his most lamentable end, with all the rest of his +damnable practices used in his whole life.</p> + +<p>Wherefore I wish all Christians to take example by this +wicked doctor, and to be comforted in Christ, concerning +themselves with that vocation whereunto it has pleased +God to call them, and not so esteem the vain delights of +this life as did this unhappy Faustus in giving his soul to +the devil: and to confirm it the more assuredly, he took a +small penknife, and pricked a vein in his left hand, and for +certainty thereupon were seen on his hand these words +written, as if they had been written in his own blood, +<span class="smallcaps">O Homo fuge</span>; whereat the spirit vanished, but Faustus +continued in his damnable mind.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch6" id="fch6"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus set his Blood in a Saucer on warm Ashes,<br /> +and +writ as followeth:</i></p> + + +<p><big>I, John Faustus,</big> <i>doctor, do openly acknowledge with mine +own hand, to the great force and strengthening of this letter, +that since I began to study, and speculate the course and nature +of the elements, I have not found, through the gift that is given +me from above, any such learning and wisdom that can bring +me to my desire and for that I find that men are unable to +instruct me any farther in the matter; now have I, Dr. +Faustus, to the hellish prince of Orient, and his messenger +Mephistophiles, given both body and soul, upon such conditions, +that they shall learn me, and fulfil my desires in all things, as +they have promised and vowed unto me, with due obedience +unto me, according to the articles mentioned between us.</i></p> + +<p><big>Farther, I do covenant and grant</big> <i>with them by these presents, +that at the end of twenty-four years next ensuing, the date of +this present letter, they being expired, and I in the mean time, +during the said years, be served of them at my will, they +accomplishing my desires to the full in all points as we are +agreed: that then I give to them all power to do with me at +their pleasure, to rule, to send, fetch or carry me or mine, be +it either body, soul, flesh, blood or goods, into their habitation, +be it wheresoever: and hereupon I defy God and his Christ, +all the Host of Heaven, and all living creatures that bear the +shape of God; yea, all that live: And again I say it, and it +shall be so, and to the more strengthening of this writing, I +have written it with my own hand and blood, being in perfect +memory: and hereupon I subscribe to it with my name and +title, calling all the infernal, middle, and supreme powers to +witness of this my letter and subscription.</i></p> +<p class="right"><big>John Faustus, </big><br /> +<i>Approved in the elements, and the spiritual doctor.</i></p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch7" id="fch7"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Mephistophiles came for his Writing,<br /> +and in what manner he appeared, +and his Sights he showed him;<br /> +and how he caused him to +keep a Copy of his own Writing.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus sitting pensive, having but one only boy with +him, suddenly there appeared his spirit Mephistophiles in +likeness of a very man, from whom issued most horrible +fiery flames, insomuch that the boy was afraid, but being +hardened by his master, he bid him stand still, and he +should have no harm: this spirit began to bleat as in a singing +manner. This pretty sport pleased Dr. Faustus well; +but he would not call his spirit into his counting-house until +he had seen more. Anon was heard a rushing of armed +men, and trampling of horses; this ceasing, came a kennel +of hounds, and they chased a great hart in the hall, and +there the hart was slain. Faustus took heart, came forth +and looked upon the hart, but presently before him there +was a lion and a dragon together, fighting so fiercely, that +Faustus thought they would have thrown down the house; +but the dragon overcame the lion, and so they vanished. +After this came in a peacock and peahen; the cock, bruising +of his tail, turning to the female, beat her, and so +vanished. Afterward followed a furious bull, that with a +full fierceness ran upon Faustus, but coming near him +vanished away. Afterward followed a great old ape; this +ape offered Faustus the hand, but he refused; so the ape +ran out of the hall again. Hereupon fell a mist in the hall, +that Faustus saw no light, but it lasted not; and so soon as +it was gone, there lay before Faustus two great sacks, one +full of gold, another of silver.</p> + +<p>Lastly, was heard by Faustus all manner of instruments +of music, as organs, clarigolds, lutes, viols, citterns, waits, +hornpipes, flutes, anomes, harps, and all manner of other +instruments, which so ravished his mind, that he thought he +had been in another world, forgot both body and soul, insomuch +that he was minded never to change his opinion concerning +that which he had done.</p> + +<p>Hereat came Mephistophiles into the hall to Faustus, in +apparel like unto a friar, to whom Faustus spake: "Thou +hast done me a wonderful pleasure in showing me this +pastime; if thou continue as thou hast begun, thou shalt +win my heart and soul, yea, and have it."</p> + +<p>Mephistophiles answered: "This is nothing; I will please +thee better; yea, that thou mayst know my power on all, +ask what request thou wilt of me, that shalt thou have, conditionally +hold thy promise, and give me thy handwriting." +At which words the wretch thrust forth his hand, saying, +"Hold thee, there hast thou my promise."</p> + +<p>Mephistophiles took the writing and willed Faustus to +take a copy of it. With that the perverse Faustus being +resolute in his damnation, wrote a copy thereof, and gave +the devil the one, and kept in store the other. Thus the +spirit and Faustus were agreed, and dwelt together; no +doubt there was a virtuous house-keeping.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch8" id="fch8"></a>CHAPTER VIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The manner how Faustus proceeded in this damnable Life, + and of +the diligent Service<br />that Mephistophiles used towards him.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus having given his soul to the devil, renouncing +all the powers of heaven, confirming all his lamentable +action with his own blood, and having already delivered his +writing now into the devil's hand, the which so puffed up +his heart, that he forgot the mind of a man, and thought +himself to be a spirit.</p> + +<p>Thus Faustus dwelt at his uncle's house at Wittenburg, +who died, and bequeathed it in his testament to his cousin +Faustus.</p> + +<p>Faustus kept a boy with him, that was his scholar, an +unhappy wag, called Christopher Wagner, to whom this +sport and life that he saw his master followed, seemed +pleasant. Faustus loved the boy well, hoping to make him +as good or better seen in his hellish exercises than himself, +and he was fellow with Mephistophiles. Otherwise Faustus +had no company in his house but himself and boy, and +spirit that ever was diligent at Faustus's command, going +about the house, clothed like a friar, with a little bell in his +hand, seen of none but Faustus.</p> + +<p>For victuals and other necessaries, Mephistophiles brought +him at his pleasure from the Duke of Saxony, the Duke of +Bavaria, and the Bishop of Salisburg; and they had many +times their best wine stolen out of their cellars by Mephistophiles, +likewise their provisions for their own table. Such +meat as Faustus wished for, his spirit brought him in. Besides +that, Faustus himself was become so cunning, that when he +opened his window, what fowl soever he wished for, it came +presently flying into the house, were it never so dainty. +Moreover, Faustus and his boy went in sumptuous apparel, +the which Mephistophiles stole from the mercers at Norenburg, +Aspurg, Franckford, and Tipzig; for it was hard for +them to find a lock to keep out such a thief. All their +maintenance was but stolen and borrowed ware; and thus +they lived an odious life in the sight of God, though as yet +the world were unacquainted with their wickedness. It +must be so, for their fruits be none other, as Christ saith in +John, where he calls the devil a thief and murderer; and +that found Faustus, for he stole him away both body and +soul.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch9" id="fch9"></a>CHAPTER IX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus would have married, and how the Devil had +almost killed him for it.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus continued thus in this epicurish life day and +night, believed not that there was a God, hell, or devil: he +thought that soul and body died together, and had quite +forgot divinity, or the immortality of the soul, but stood in +that damnable heresy day and night, and bethinking himself +of a wife, called Mephistophiles to council: which would +in no case agree, demanding of him if he would break the +covenant made with him, or if he had forgot it. "Hast +thou," quoth Mephistophiles, "sworn thyself an enemy to +God and to all creatures? To this I answer thee, Thou +canst not marry, thou canst not serve two masters, God and +my prince; for wedlock is a chief institution ordained of +God, and that thou hast promised to defy as we do all, and +that hast thou not only done, but moreover thou hast confirmed +it with thy blood, persuade thyself that what thou dost +in contempt of wedlock, it is all to thy own delight. Therefore, +Faustus, look well about thee, and bethink thyself better, +and I wish thee to change thy mind, for if thou keep not +what thou hast promised in thy writing, we will tear thee in +pieces like the dust under thy feet. Therefore, sweet +Faustus, think with what unquiet life, anger, strife, and +debate thou shalt live in when thou takest a wife. Therefore +change thy mind."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus was with these speeches in despair; and as all +that have forsaken the Lord can build upon no good foundation, +so this wretched doctor having forsook the rock, +fell into despair with himself, fearing, if he should motion +matrimony any more, that the devil should tear him in +pieces. "For this time," quoth he to Mephistophiles, "I +am not minded to marry." "Then dost thou well," answered +his spirit.</p> + +<p>But within two hours after Faustus called again to his +spirit, who came in his old manner like a friar. Then +Faustus said unto him, "I am not able to resist or bridle +my fancy; I must and will have a wife, and I pray thee give +thy consent to it." Suddenly upon these words came such +a whirlwind about the place that Faustus thought the whole +house would have come down; all the doors of the house flew +off the hooks. After all this his house was full of smoke, and +the floor covered with ashes; which, when Dr. Faustus +perceived, he would have gone upstairs, and flying up he +was taken and thrown down into the hall, that he was not +able to stir hand nor foot; then round about him ran a +monstrous circle of fire, never standing still, that Faustus +cried as he lay, and thought there to have been burned. +Then cried he out to his spirit Mephistophiles for help, +promising him he would live, for all this, as he had vowed +by his handwriting. Hereupon appeared unto him an ugly +devil, so dreadful and monstrous to behold, that Faustus +durst not look on him. The devil said, "What wouldst +thou have, Faustus? How likest thou thy wedding? What +mind art thou in now?" Faustus answered, he had forgot +his promise, desiring of him pardon, and he would talk no +more of such things. "Thou art best so to do;" and so +vanished from him.</p> + +<p>After appeared unto him his friar Mephistophiles, with a +bell in his hand, and spake to Faustus: "It is no jesting +with us; hold thou that which thou hast vowed, and we +will perform that which we have promised; and more than +that, thou shalt have thy heart's desire of what woman +soever thou wilt, be she alive or dead, and so long as thou +wilt thou shalt keep her by thee." These words pleased +Faustus wonderful well, and repented himself that he was so +foolish to wish himself married, that might have any woman +in the whole city brought him at his command, the which he +practised and persevered in a long time.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch10" id="fch10"></a>CHAPTER X.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Questions put forth by Dr. Faustus unto his Spirit Mephistophiles.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus living in all manner of pleasure that his heart +could desire, continuing of his amorous drifts, his delicate +fare, and costly apparel, called on a time his Mephistophiles +to him, who being come, brought him a book in his hand +of all manner of devilish and enchanting arts, the which he +gave Faustus, saying, "Hold, my Faustus; work now thy +heart's desire." The copy of this enchanting book was +afterwards found by his servant Christopher Wagner. +"Well," quoth Faustus to his spirit, "I have called thee to +know what thou canst do if I have need of thy help."</p> + +<p>Then answered Mephistophiles, and said, "My lord +Faustus, I am a flying spirit, yea, so swift as thought can +think, to do whatsoever."</p> + +<p>Here Faustus said, "But how came lord and master +Lucifer to have so great a fall from heaven?"</p> + +<p>Mephistophiles answered: "My lord Lucifer was a fair +angel, created of God as immortal, and being placed in the +Seraphims, which are above the Cherubims, he would have +presumed upon the Throne of God, with intent to thrust +God out of his seat; upon this presumption the Lord cast +him down headlong, and where before he was an angel of +light, now dwells in darkness, not able to come near his first +place, without God send for him to appear before him; as +Raphael, unto the lower degree of angels, that have their +conversation with men, he may come, but not unto the +second degree of the heavens, that is kept by the archangels, +namely, Michael and Gabriel, for these are called Angels of +God's wonders; these are far inferior places to that from +whence my lord and master Lucifer fell; and thus far, +Faustus, because thou art one of the beloved children of the +lord Lucifer, following thy mind in manner as he did his, I +have shortly resolved thy request, and more I will do for +thee at thy pleasure."</p> + +<p>"I thank thee, Mephistophiles," quoth Faustus, "come, let +us now go to rest, for it is night;" upon this they left their +communication.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch11" id="fch11"></a>CHAPTER XI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus dreamed that he had seen Hell in his Sleep,<br /> +and how +he questioned with the Spirit of matters concerning Hell,<br /> +with the +Spirit's answer.</i></p> + +<p>The night following after Faustus's communication with +Mephistophiles, as concerning the fall of Lucifer, Dr. Faustus +dreamed that he had seen a part of hell, but in what manner +it was, or in what place, he knew not, whereby he was +much troubled in mind, and called unto him Mephistophiles +his spirit, saying unto him, "I pray thee resolve me in this +doubt: What is hell? What substance is it of? In what +place stands it? And when was it made?"</p> + +<p>Mephistophiles answered: "Faustus, thou shalt know, +that before the fall of my lord Lucifer there was no hell, +but even then was hell ordained. It is no substance, but a +confused thing; for I tell thee, that before all elements +were made, or the earth seen, the spirit of God moved upon +the waters, and darkness was over all; but when God said, +'Let there be light,' it was at his word, and the light was on +God's right hand, and he praised the light. Judge thou +farther, God stood in the middle, the darkness was on his +left hand, in the which my Lord was bound in chains until +the day of judgment. In this confused hell is nought to +find but a sulphurish fire, and stinking mist or fog. Farther, +we devils know not what substance it is of, but a confused +thing; for as the bubble of water flieth before the wind, so +doth hell before the breath of God. Moreover, the devils +know not how God hath laid the foundation of our hell, +nor where it is; but to be short, Faustus, we know that +hell hath neither bottom nor end."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch12" id="fch12"></a>CHAPTER XII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>The second Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit,<br /> +what +Kingdoms were in Hell, how many,<br /> +and what were the Rulers' +names.</i> +</p> +<p>Faustus spake again to his spirit, saying, "Thou speakest +of wonderful things: I pray thee now tell me what kingdoms +are there in your hell? How many are there? What they +are called? And who rules them?"</p> + +<p>The spirit answered him: "My Faustus, know that hell +is, as thou wouldst think with thyself, another world, in the +which we have our being under the earth, even to the +heavens; within the circumference whereof are contained +ten kingdoms, namely, 1. Lacus Mortis. 2. Stagnum Ignis. +3. Terra Tenebrosa. 4. Tartarus. 5. Terra Oblivionis. 6. +Gehenna. 7. Erebus. 8. Barathrum. 9. Styx. 10. Acheron. +The which kingdoms are governed by five kings, that is, +Lucifer in the Orient, Belzebub in Septentrio, Belial in Meredie, +Ascheroth in the Occident, and Phlegeton in the midst of +them all; whose rules and dominions have no end until the +day of doom; and thus far, Faustus, hast thou heard of our +rule and kingdom."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch13" id="fch13"></a>CHAPTER XIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Another Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit,<br /> +concerning his +Lord Lucifer,<br /> +with the sorrow that Faustus fell afterwards into.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus began again to reason with Mephistophiles, +requiring him to tell in what form and shape, and in what +estimation his lord Lucifer was, when he was in favour +with God.</p> + +<p>Whereupon his spirit required of him three days' respite, +which Faustus granted.</p> + +<p>The three days being expired, Mephistophiles gave him +this answer: "Faustus, my lord Lucifer (so called now for +that he was banished out of the clear light of heaven) was +at the first an angel of God, yea, he was so of God ordained +for shape, pomp, authority, worthiness, and dwelling, that +he far exceeded all the other creatures of God, yea, or gold +and precious stones; and so illuminated that he far surpassed +the brightness of the sun, and all other stars where +God placed him on the cherubims; he had a kingly office, +and was always before God's seat, to the end he might be +the more perfect in all his being; but when he began to be +high-minded, proud, and so presumptuous, that he would +usurp the seat of God's Majesty, then was he banished out +from amongst the heavenly powers, separated from their +abiding, into the manner of a fiery stone, that no water is +able to quench, but continually burneth until the end of +the world."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus, when he had heard the words of his spirit, +began to ponder with himself, having divers and sundry +opinions in his head, and very pensively, saying nothing to +his spirit, he went into his chamber and laid him on his bed, +recording the words of Mephistophiles, which so pierced +his heart that he fell into sighing and great lamentation, +crying out, "Alas! Ah, woe is me! What have I done? +Even so shall it come to pass with me: am I not also a +creature of God's making, bearing his own image and +similitude, into whom he hath breathed the spirit of life +and immortality, unto whom he hath made all things living +subject; but woe is me! My haughty mind, proud aspiring +stomach, and filthy flesh, hath brought my soul into +perpetual damnation, yea, pride hath abused my understanding, +insomuch that I have forgot my Maker, the Spirit +of God is departed from me; I have promised the devil my +soul, and therefore it is but a folly for me to hope for grace, +but it must be even with me as with Lucifer, thrown into +perpetual burning fire: ah! woe is me that ever I was born."</p> + +<p>In this perplexity lay this miserable Dr. Faustus, having +quite forgot his faith in Christ, never falling to repentance +truly, thereby to attain the grace and holy Spirit of God +again, the which would have been able to have resisted the +strong assaults of Satan; for although he had made him a +promise, yet he might have remembered, through true +repentance sinners may once come again into the favour +of God, which faith the faithful firmly hold, knowing they +that kill the body are not able to hurt the soul; but he +was in all his opinions doubtful, without faith or hope, and +so he continued.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch14" id="fch14"></a>CHAPTER XIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Another disputation betwixt Dr. Faustus and his Spirit,<br /> +of the Power +of the Devil, and<br /> his +Envy to Mankind.</i></p> + +<p>After Faustus had a while pondered and sorrowed with +himself on his wretched estate, he called again Mephistophiles +unto him, commanding him to tell him the judgment, +rule, power, attempts, tyranny, and temptation of the devil; +and why he was moved to such kind of living?</p> + +<p>Whereupon the spirit answered to this question: "That +thou demandest of me will turn thee to no small discontentment; +therefore thou shouldst not have desired of me such +matters, for it toucheth the secrets of our kingdom, although +I cannot deny to resolve thy request: therefore know, +Faustus, that so soon as my lord Lucifer fell from Heaven, +he became mortal enemy both to God and man, and hath +used, as now he doth, all manner of tyranny to the destruction +of man, as is manifested by divers examples: one +falling suddenly dead, another hangs himself, another drowns +himself, others stab themselves, others unlawfully despair, +and so come to utter confusion. The first Adam, that was +made perfect to the similitude of God, was by my lord's +policy the whole decay of man; yea, Faustus, in him was +the beginning and first tyranny of my lord Lucifer to man. +The like did he with Cain; the same with the children of +Israel when they worshipped strange gods, and fell to +whoredom with strange women; the like with Saul; so did +he by the seven husbands of her that after was the wife of +Tobias; likewise Dagon, our fellow, brought to destruction +fifty thousand men, whereupon the ark of God was stolen, +and Belial made David to number his men, whereupon were +slain sixty thousand. Also he deceived King Solomon, that +worshipped the gods of the heathen: and there are such +spirits innumerable, that can come by men, and tempt them, +and drive them to sin, and weaken their belief; for we rule +the hearts of kings and princes, stirring them up to war and +bloodshed, and to this intent do we spread ourselves +through all the world, as the utter enemies of God and +his Son Christ—yea, and all that worship them, and that +thou knowest by thyself, Faustus. How have we dealt by +thee?"</p> + +<p>To this said Faustus: "Then thou didst also beguile +me?"</p> + +<p>"I did what I could to help thee forward, for as soon +as I saw how thy heart did despise thy degree taken in +divinity, and didst study to search and know the secrets of +our kingdom, then did I enter into thee, giving thee divers +foul and filthy cogitations, pricking thee forward in thy +intent, persuading thee thou couldst never attain to thy +desire till thou hadst the help of some devil; and when thou +wast delighted in this, then took I root in thee, and so +firmly, that thou gavest thyself to us both body and soul, +which thou canst not deny."</p> + +<p>Hereat answered Faustus: "Thou sayest true; I cannot +deny it. Ah, woe is me, most miserable Faustus! How +have I been deceived! Had I not had a desire to know +too much, I had not been in this case; for having studied +the lives of the holy saints and prophets, and thereby thought +to understand sufficient heavenly matters, I thought myself +not worthy to be called Dr. Faustus if I should not also +know the secrets of hell, and be associated with the furious +fiends thereof; now, therefore, must I be rewarded accordingly."</p> + +<p>Which speeches being uttered, Faustus went very sorrowful +away from his spirit.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch15" id="fch15"></a>CHAPTER XV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus desired again of his Spirit, to know the<br /> +Secrets and +Pains of Hell;<br /> +and whether those damned Devils, and their Company, might ever<br /> +come to the Favour and Love of God again.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus was pondering with himself how he might get +loose from so damnable an end as he had given himself +unto, both soul and body; but his repenting was like that of +Cain and Judas—he thought his sin greater than God could +forgive; hereupon resting his mind, he looked up to heaven, +but saw nothing therein, for his heart was so possessed of +the devil that he could think of nought else but of hell and +the pains thereof.</p> + +<p>Wherefore in all haste he called unto him his spirit Mephistophiles, +desiring him to tell him some more of the secrets +of hell; what pain the damned are in, and how they were +tormented; and whether the damned souls might get again +the favour of God, and so be released out of their torments +or not.</p> + +<p>Whereupon the spirit answered: "My Faustus, thou +mayst well leave to question any more of such matters, for +they will but disquiet thy mind; I pray thee, what meanest +thou, thinkest thou through these thy fantasies to escape us? +No, for if thou shouldst climb up to heaven, there to hide +thyself, yet would I thrust thee down again; for thou art +mine, and thou belongest to our society. Therefore, sweet +Faustus, thou wilt repent this thy foolish demand, except +thou be content that I shall tell thee nothing."</p> + +<p>Quoth Faustus, ragingly: "I will know, or I will not live, +wherefore dispatch and tell me."</p> + +<p>To whom Mephistophiles answered: "Faustus, it is no +trouble unto me at all to tell thee; and therefore since thou +forcest me thereto, I will tell thee things to the terror of thy +soul, if thou wilt abide the hearing: thou wilt have me to +tell thee of the secrets of hell, and of the pains thereof. +Know, Faustus, that hell hath many figures, semblances, +and names; but it cannot be named or figured in such sort +to the living that are damned, as it is to those that are dead, +and do both see and feel the torments thereof: for hell is +said to be deadly, out of which came never any to life again +but one, but he is nothing for thee to reckon upon; hell is +bloodthirsty, and is never satisfied: hell is a valley into +which the damned souls fall; for so soon as the soul is out +of man's body, it would gladly go to the place from whence +it came, and climbeth up above the highest hills, even to +the heavens, where being by the angels of the first model +denied entertainment (in consideration of their evil life spent +on earth), they fall into the deepest pit or valley, that hath +no bottom, into a perpetual fire which shall never be +quenched; for like as the flint thrown in the water loseth +not virtue, neither is the fire extinguished, even so the +hellish fire is unquenchable: and even as the flint-stone in +the fire burns red hot, and consumeth not, so likewise the +damned souls in our hellish fire are ever burning, but their +pain never diminishing. Therefore is hell called the everlasting +pain, in which is never hope for mercy; so it is +called utter darkness, in which we see neither the light, the +sun, moon, nor stars; and were our darkness like the darkness +of night, yet were there hope of mercy: but ours is +perpetual darkness, clean exempt from the face of God. +Hell hath also a place within it, called Chasma, out of which +issueth all manner of thunders and lightnings, with such +shriekings and wailings, that oftentimes the very devils +themselves stand in fear thereof; for one while it sendeth +forth wind, with exceeding snow, hail, and rain, congealing +the water into ice, with the which the damned are frozen, +gnash their teeth, howl, and cry, yet cannot die. Other whiles, +it sendeth forth most horrible hot mists, or fogs, with flashing +of flames of fire and brimstone, wherein the sorrowful +souls of the damned lie broiling in their reiterated torments. +Yea, Faustus, hell is called a prison, wherein the damned +lie continually bound; it is called Pernicies and Exitium, +death, destruction, hurtfulness, mischief, a mischance, a +pitiful and evil thing, world without end. We have also +with us in hell a ladder, reaching of exceeding height, as +though the top of the same would touch the heaven, to +which the damned ascend to seek the blessing of God, but +through their infidelity, when they are at very highest +degree, they fall down again into their former miseries, +complaining of the heat of that unquenchable fire; yea, +sweet Faustus, so much understand thou of hell, the while +thou art desirous to know the secrets of our kingdom. +And mark, Faustus, hell is the nurse of death, the heat of +fire, the shadow of heaven and earth, the oblivion of all +goodness; the pains unspeakable, the griefs unremovable, +the dwelling of the devils. Dragons, serpents, adders, +toads, crocodiles, and all manner of venomous and noisome +creatures; the puddle of sin, the stinking far ascending from +the Stygian lake, brimstone, pitch, and all manner of unclean +metals, the perpetual and unquenchable fire, the end of +whose miseries was never purposed by God. Yea, yea, +Faustus, thou sayest I shall, I must, nay, I will tell thee +the secrets of our kingdom, for thou buyest it dearly, and +thou must and shalt be partaker of our torments, that, as +the Lord said, shall never cease, for hell, the woman's belly, +and the earth, are never satisfied; there shalt thou abide +horrible torments, howling, crying, burning, freezing, melting, +swimming in a labyrinth of miseries, scolding, smoking in +thine eyes, stinking in thy nose, hoarseness in thy speech, +deafness in thy ears, trembling in thy hands, biting thine own +tongue with pain, thy heart crushed as with a press, thy bones +broken, the devils tossing firebrands unto thee: yea, thy +whole carcass tossed upon muck-forks from one devil to +another; yea, Faustus, then wilt thou wish for death, and he +will fly from thee, thine unspeakable torments shall be every +day augmented more and more, for the greater the sin the +greater is the punishment. How likest thou this, my Faustus? +A resolution answerable to thy request.</p> + +<p>"Lastly, Thou wilt have me tell thee that which only +belongeth to God, which is, if it be possible for the damned +to come again into the favour of God, or not. Why, Faustus, +thou knowest that this is against thy promise; for why +shouldst thou desire to know that having already given thy +soul to the devil, to have the pleasure of the world, and to +know the secrets of hell; therefore thou art damned, and +how canst thou then come again to the favour of God? +Wherefore I discreetly answer, no; for whomsoever God +hath forsaken and thrown into hell must there abide his +wrath and indignation in that unquenchable fire, where is +no hope of mercy to be looked for, but abiding his perpetual +pains, world without end: for even as much it availeth +thee, Faustus, to hope for the favour of God again as Lucifer +himself; who indeed, although he and we have a hope, yet it +is to small avail and taketh none effect, for out of that place +God will neither hear crying nor singing; if he do, thou shalt +have a little remorse, as Dives, Cain, and Judas had. What +helpeth the emperor, king, prince, duke, earl, baron, lord, +knight, esquire, or gentleman, to cry for mercy being there? +Nothing; for if on earth they would not be tyrants and +self-willed, rich with covetousness, proud with pomp, +gluttons, drunkards, whoremongers, backbiters, robbers, +murderers, blasphemers, and such like, then were there +some hope to be looked for; therefore, my Faustus, as thou +comest to hell with these qualities thou mayst say with Cain, +'My sins are greater than can be forgiven;' go hang thyself +with Judas; and lastly, be contented to suffer torments +with Dives. Therefore know, Faustus, that the damned +have neither end nor time appointed in the which they may +hope to be released; for if there were any such hope that +they, by throwing one drop of water out of the sea in a +day until it were dry, or there were one heap of sand as +high as from the earth to the heavens, that a bird carrying +away but one corn in a day, at the end of this so long +labour, that yet they might hope at the last God would +have mercy on them, they would be comforted; but now +there is no hope that God once thinks upon them, or that +their howling shall ever be heard; yea, so impossible it is +for thee to hide thyself from God, as it is impossible for thee +to remove the mountains, or to empty the sea, or to tell the +drops of rain that have fallen from heaven until this day, or +to tell what there is most of in the world; yea, and as for +a camel to go through the eye of a needle, even so impossible +it is for thee, Faustus, and the rest of the damned, to +come again into the favour of God. And thus, Faustus, hast +thou heard my last sentence, and I pray thee, how dost +thou like it? But know this, that I counsel thee to let me +be unmolested hereafter with such disputations, or else will +I vex thee every limb to thy small contentment."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus parted from his spirit very pensive and +sorrowful, laying him on his bed, altogether doubtful of the +grace and favour of God, wherefore he fell into fantastical +cogitations. Fain he would have had his soul at liberty +again, but the devil had so blinded him, and had taken +such deep root in his heart, that he could never think to +crave God's mercy; or, if by chance he had any good +motion, straightways the devil would thrust in a fair lady +into his chamber, which fell to kissing and dalliance with +him, through which means he threw the godly motions in +the wind, going forward still in his wicked practice, to the +utter ruin both of body and soul.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch16" id="fch16"></a>CHAPTER XVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Another Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit Mephistophiles<br /> +of his own Estate.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus being yet desirous to hear more strange +things, called his spirit unto him, saying, "My Mephistophiles, +I have yet another suit unto thee, which I pray thee +deny me not to resolve me of."</p> + +<p>"Faustus," quoth the spirit, "I am loth to reason with +thee any further, for thou art never satisfied in thy mind, +but always bringest me a new."</p> + +<p>"Yet, I pray thee, this once," quoth Faustus, "do me so +much favour as to tell me the truth in this matter, and +hereafter I will be no more so earnest with thee."</p> + +<p>The spirit was altogether against it; but yet once more +he would abide him. "Well," said the spirit to Faustus, +"what demandest thou of me."</p> + +<p>Faustus said, "I would gladly know of thee if thou wert +a man in manner and form as I am, what wouldst thou do +to please both God and man?"</p> + +<p>Whereat the spirit smiled, saying, "My Faustus, if I +was a man as thou art, and that God had adorned me with +those gifts of nature which thou once hadst, even so long +as the breath of God were by and within me, would I +humble myself unto his majesty, endeavouring all that I +could to keep his commandments, praise him and glorify +him, that I might continue in his favour, so were I sure +to enjoy the eternal joy and felicity of his kingdom."</p> + +<p>Faustus said, "But that I have not done."</p> + +<p>"No, thou sayest truth," quoth Mephistophiles, "thou +hast not done it; but thou hast denied the Lord thy Maker +which gave thee the breath of life, speech, hearing, sight, +and all other thy reasonable senses, that thou mightest +understand his will and pleasure, to live to the glory and +honour of his name, and to the advancement of thy body +and soul. Him, I say, being thy Maker, hast thou denied +and defied; yea, wickedly hast thou applied that excellent +gift of understanding, and given thy soul to the devil; therefore +give none the blame but thine own self-will, thy proud +and aspiring mind, which hath brought thee unto the wrath +of God and utter damnation."</p> + +<p>"This is most true," quoth Faustus; "but tell me, +Mephistophiles, would thou be in my case as I am now?"</p> + +<p>"Yea," saith the spirit (and with that fetched a great +sigh), "for yet I would so humble myself that I would win +the favour of God."</p> + +<p>"Then," said Dr. Faustus, "it were time enough for me +if I amended."</p> + +<p>"True," said Mephistophiles, "if it were not for thy +great sins, which are so odious and detestable in the sight +of God, that it is too late for thee, for the wrath of God +resteth upon thee."</p> + +<p>"Leave off," quoth Faustus, "and tell me my question +to my greater comfort."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch17" id="fch17"></a>CHAPTER XVII.</h3> + +<p class="center">HERE FOLLOWETH THE SECOND PART OF DR. FAUSTUS<br /> +HIS +LIFE AND PRACTICES,<br /> +UNTIL HIS END.</p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus having received denial of his spirit to be +resolved any more in such questions propounded, forgot all +good works, and fell to be a calendar-maker by the help of +his spirit, and also in short time to be a good astronomer or +astrologian. He had learned so perfectly of his spirit the +course of the sun, moon, and stars, that he had the most +famous name of all the mathematicians that lived in his +time, as may well appear by his works dedicated unto +sundry dukes and lords, for he did nothing without the +advice of his spirit, which learned him to presage of matters +to come, which have come to pass since his death. The +like praise won he with his calendars and almanack-making; +for when he presaged of anything, operations, and +alterations of the weather or elements, as wind, rain, fogs, +snow, hail, moist, dry, warm, cold, thunder, lightning, it fell +so duly out, as if an angel of heaven had forewarned it. +He did not, like the unskilful astronomers in our time, that +set in winter, cold moist air, frosty, and in the dog days, +hot, dry, thunder, fire, and such like; but he set in all his +works the day and hour, when, where, and how it should +happen. If any wonderful things were at hand, as mortality, +famine, plague, wars, he would set the time and place, in +true and just order, when it would come to pass.</p> + +<p> </p> +<h3><a name="fch18" id="fch18"></a>CHAPTER XVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>A Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit,<br /> +concerning +Astronomy.</i></p> + +<p>Now Faustus falling to practice, and making his prognostications, +he was doubtful in many points, wherefore he +called unto him Mephistophiles his spirit, saying, "I find +the ground of the science very difficult to attain unto; for +when that I confer Astronomia and Astrologia, as the +mathematicians and ancient writers have left in memory, I +find them vary, and very much to disagree; wherefore I +pray thee to teach me the truth of this matter."</p> + +<p>To whom his spirit answered: "Faustus, thou shalt know +that the practitioners or speculators, or at least the first +inventors of these arts, have done nothing of themselves +certain, whereupon thou mayst attain to the true prognosticating +or presaging of things concerning the heavens, +or of the influence of the planets; for if by chance some +one mathematician or astronomer have left behind him +anything worthy of memory, they have so blinded it with +enigmatical words, blind characters, and such obscure +figures, that it is impossible for any earthly man to attain +the knowledge thereof without the aid of some spirits, or +else the special gift of God, for such as are the hidden +works of God from men, yet do we spirits, that fly and +fleet all elements, know such; and there is nothing to be +done, or by the heavens portended, but we know it, except +only the day of doom. Wherefore, Faustus, learn of me: +I will teach thee the course and re-course of the planets, +the cause of winter and summer, the exaltation and declination +of the sun, and eclipse of the moon, the distance +and height of the poles and every fixed star, the nature and +opposition of the elements—fire, air, water, and earth—and +all that is contained in them; yea, herein there is nothing +hidden from me, but only the filthy essence which once +thou hadst, Faustus, at liberty, but now thou hast lost it +past recovery; therefore, leaving that which will not be +again had, learn now of me to make thunder, lightning, +hail, snow, and rain; the clouds to rend the earth; and +craggy rocks to shake and split in sunder; the seas to swell +and roar, and overrun their marks. Knowest thou not +that the deeper the sun shines the hotter it pierces; so the +more thy art is famous whilst thou art here, the greater +shall be thy name when thou art gone. Knowest thou not +that the earth is frozen, cold, and dry; the water running, +cold and moist; the air flying, hot and moist; the fire +consuming, hot and dry: yea, Faustus, so must thy heart +be inflamed like the fire to mount on high. Learn, Faustus, +to fly like myself, as swift as thought from one kingdom to +another: to sit at princes' tables, to eat their dainty fare, +to have thy pleasure of their ladies, wives, and concubines; +to use all their jewels and costly robes as things belonging +unto thee, and not unto them. Learn of me, Faustus, to +run through walls, doors, and gates of stone and iron; to +creep into the earth like a worm, or swim in the water like +a fish; to fly in the air like a bird, and to live and nourish +thyself in the fire like a salamander: so shalt thou be +famous, renowned, far spoken of, and extolled for thy +skill; going on knives not hurting thy feet, carrying fire in +thy bosom and not burning thy shirt; seeing through the +heavens as through a crystal, wherein is placed the planets, +with all the rest of the presaging comets—the whole circuit +of the world from east to west, north and south. There +shalt thou know, Faustus, whereof the fiery sphere above, +and the signs of the Zodiac doth not burn and consume +the whole face of the earth, being hindered by placing the +two moist elements between them—the airy clouds and +wavering waves of water. Yea, Faustus, I will learn thee +the secrets of Nature; what the cause is, that the sun in +summer, being at the highest, giveth all his heat downwards +on the earth; and being winter at the lowest, giveth all his +heat upwards into the heavens; that the snow should be of +so great virtue as the honey, and the Lady Saturnia in +occulto more hot than the sun in manifesto. Come on, +my Faustus; I will make thee as perfect in these ways as +myself; I will learn thee to go invisible, to find out +the mines both of gold and silver, the fodines of precious +stones—as the carbuncle, the diamond, sapphire, +emerald, ruby, topaz, jacinth, granat, jaspies, amethyst: use +all these at thy pleasure—take thy heart's desire. Thy +time, Faustus, weareth away; then why wilt thou not take +thy pleasure of the world? Come up, we will go unto +kings at their own courts, and at their most sumptuous +banquets be their guests. If willingly they invite us not, +then by force we will serve our own turn with their best +meat and daintest wine."</p> + +<p>"Agreed," quoth Faustus; "but let me pause a while +upon this thou hast even now declared unto me."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch19" id="fch19"></a>CHAPTER XIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus fell into Despair with himself, for having put<br /> +a question unto his Spirit; they fell at Variance,<br /> +whereupon the Rout of Devils +appeared unto him,<br /> +threatening him sharply.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus resolved with himself the speeches of his +spirit, and became so woeful and sorrowful in his cogitations +that he thought himself already frying in the hottest +flame of hell; and lying in this muse, suddenly there +appeared unto him his spirit, demanding what thing so +grieved and troubled his conscience?</p> + +<p>Whereat Dr. Faustus gave no answer. Yet the spirit lay +very earnestly upon him to know the cause, and if it were +possible he would find a remedy for his grief and ease him +of his sorrows.</p> + +<p>To whom Faustus answered, "I have taken thee unto +me as a servant to do my service, and thy service will be +very dear unto me; yet I cannot have any diligence of +thee farther than thou list thyself, neither dost thou in +anything as it becometh thee." +</p> +<p>The spirit replied: "My Faustus, thou knowest that +I was never against thy commandment as yet, but ready to +serve and resolve thy questions, although I am not bound +unto thee in such respects as concern the hurt of our +kingdom; yet was I always willing to answer thee, and so +am I still: therefore, my Faustus, say on boldly, what is +thy will and pleasure?"</p> + +<p>At which words the spirit stole away the heart of Faustus, +who spake in this sort: "Mephistophiles, tell me how +and after what sort God made the world and all the +creatures in it? And why man was made after the image +of God?" +</p> +<p>The spirit hearing this, answered Faustus: "Thou knowest +that all this is in vain for thee to ask. I know that thou +art sorry for what thou hast done, but it availeth thee not; +for I will tear thee in a thousand pieces if thou change not +thy opinions." And hereat he vanished away.</p> + +<p>Whereat Faustus, all sorrowful that he had put forth such +a question, fell to weeping and to howling bitterly, not for +his sins towards God, but that the devil was departed from +him so suddenly in such a rage. And being in this perplexity, +he was suddenly taken with such extreme cold, as +if he would have frozen in the place where he sat, in which +the greatest devil in hell appeared unto him, with certain of +his hideous and infernal company, in most ugly shapes, +that it was impossible to think upon; and traversing the +chamber round about where Faustus sat, Faustus thought +to himself, "Now are they come for me, though my time be +not come, and that because I have asked such questions of +my servant Mephistophiles." At whose cogitations the +chiefest devil, which was the lord unto whom he gave his soul, +that was Lucifer, spake in this sort: "Faustus, I have seen +thy thoughts, which are not as thou hast vowed unto me, +by the virtue of this letter [and showed him the obligation +which he had written with his own blood]; wherefore I am +come to visit thee, and to show thee some of our hellish +pastimes, in hope that will draw and confirm thy mind a +little more steadfast unto us."</p> + +<p>"Content," quoth Faustus: "go to, let me see what +pastime you can make."</p> + +<p>At which words the great devil in his likeness sate him +down by Faustus, commanding the rest of his devils to +appear in the form as if they were in hell. First entered +Belial, in form of a bear, with curled black hair to the +ground, his ears standing upright; within his ears were as +red as blood, out of which issued flames of fire; his teeth +were at least a foot long, and as white as snow, with a tail +three ells long at the least, having two wings, one behind +each arm; and thus one after another they appeared to +Faustus in form as they were in hell. Lucifer himself sate +in a manner of a man all hairy, but of brown colour like a +squirrel, curled, and his tail curling upwards on his back as +the squirrels use. I think he could crack nuts too like a +squirrel. After him came Belzebub in curled hair of a +horse-flesh colour, his head like the head of a bull, with a +mighty pair of horns, and two long ears down to the +ground, and two wings on his back, with two pricking +things like horns; out of his wings issued flames of fire; +his tail was like a cow's. Then came Astaroth in the form +of a worm, going upright on his tail, and had no feet, but +a tail like a glow-worm; under his chops grew two short +hands, and his back was coal black; his belly thick in the +middle, yellow, like gold, having many bristles on his back +like a hedgehog. After him came Cannagosta, being +white and grey mixed, exceeding curled and hairy; he +had a head like the head of an ass, and a tail like a cat, +and claws like an ox, lacking nothing of an ell broad. +Then came Anobis: this devil had a head like a dog, +white and black hair; in shape like a hog, saving that he +had but two feet—one under his throat, the other at his +tail; he was four ells long, with hanging ears like a blood-hound. +After him came Dithican: he was a short thief, +in form of a large bird, with shining feathers, and four feet; +his neck was green, and body red, and his feet black. The +last was called Brachus, with very short feet, like a +hedgehog, yellow and green; the upper side of his body +was brown, and the belly like blue flames of fire, the tail +red like the tail of a monkey. The rest of the devils were +in form of unreasonable beasts, as swine, harts, bears, +wolves, apes, buffes, goats, antelopes, elephants, dragons, +horses, asses, lions, cats, snakes, toads, and all manner of +ugly odious serpents and worms; yet came in such sort +that every one at his entry into the hall made their +reverence unto Lucifer, and so took their places, standing +in order as they came until they had filled the whole hall, +wherewith suddenly fell a most horrible thunder-clap, that +the house shook as if it would have fallen unto the ground; +upon which every monster had a muck-fork in his hand, +holding them towards Faustus as though they would have +run a tilt at him; which, when Faustus perceived, he +thought upon the words of Mephistophiles, when he told +him how the souls in hell were tormented, being cast from +devil to devil upon muck-forks, he thought verily to have +been tormented there by them in like sort.</p> + +<p>But Lucifer perceiving his thought, spake to him, "My +Faustus, how likest thou this crew of mine?"</p> + +<p>Quoth Faustus, "Why came you not in another manner +of shape?"</p> + +<p>Lucifer replied: "We cannot change our hellish form, +we have showed ourselves here as we are there; yet can we +blind men's eyes in such sort, that when we will, we appear +unto them as if we were men or angels of light, although our +dwelling be in darkness."</p> + +<p>Then said Faustus, "I like not so many of you together."</p> + +<p>Whereupon Lucifer commanded them to depart, except +seven of the principal; forthwith they presently vanished, +which Faustus perceiving, he was somewhat better comforted, +and spake to Lucifer, "Where is my servant Mephistophiles? +let me see if he can do the like."</p> + +<p>Whereupon came a fierce dragon flying, and spitting fire +round about the house, and coming towards Lucifer, made +reverence, and then changed himself to the form of a friar, +saying, "Faustus, what wilt thou?"</p> + +<p>Faustus said, "I will that thou teach me to transform +myself in like sort, as thou and the rest have done."</p> + +<p>Then Lucifer put forth his paw and gave Faustus a book, +saying, "Hold, do what thou wilt."</p> + +<p>Which he looking upon, straightways changed himself into +a hog, then into a worm, then into a dragon, and finding +thus for his purpose it liked him well.</p> + +<p>Quoth he to Lucifer, "And how cometh it that so many +filthy forms are in the world?"</p> + +<p>Lucifer answered, "They are ordained of God, as plagues +unto men, and so shalt thou be plagued," quoth he; whereupon +came scorpions, wasps, emets, bees, and gnats, which +fell to stinging and biting him, and all the whole house was +filled with a most horrible stinking fog, insomuch that +Faustus saw nothing, but still was tormented; wherefore he +cried for help, saying, "Mephistophiles, my faithful servant, +where art thou? Help, help, I pray thee."</p> + +<p>Hereat the spirit answered nothing, but Lucifer himself +said, "Ho, ho, ho, Faustus, how likest thou the creation of +the world?"</p> + +<p>And incontinent it was clear again, and the devils and all +the filthy cattle were vanished, only Faustus was left alone, +seeing nothing, but hearing the sweetest music that ever he +heard before; at which he was so ravished with delight, that +he forgot his fears he was in before, and it repented him that +he had seen no more of their pastime.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch20" id="fch20"></a>CHAPTER XX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus desired to see Hell, and of the manner<br /> +how +he was used therein.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus bethinking how his time went away, and how +he had spent eight years thereof, he meant to spend the rest +to his better contentment, intending quite to forget any +such motions as might offend the devil any more: wherefore +on a time he called his spirit Mephistophiles, and +said unto him, "Bring thou hither unto me thy lord +Lucifer or Belial." He brought him (notwithstanding) one +that was called Belzebub, the which asked Faustus his +pleasure. +</p> +<p>Quoth Faustus, "I will know of thee if I might see hell, +and take a view thereof?"</p> + +<p>"That thou shalt," said the devil, "and at midnight I +will fetch thee."</p> + +<p>Well, night being come, Dr. Faustus waited very diligently +for the coming of the devil to fetch him, and thinking that +he tarried too long, he went to the window, where he pulled +open a casement, and looking into the element, he saw a +cloud in the north more black, and darker, and obscurer than +all the rest of the sky, from whence the wind blew most +horribly right into Faustus's chamber, and filled the whole +house with smoke, that Faustus was almost smothered; +hereat fell an exceeding thunder-clap, and withal came a +great rugged black bear all curled, and upon his back a +chair of beaten gold, and spake to Faustus, saying, "Sir, up +and away with me:" and Dr. Faustus that had so long abode +the smoke, wished rather to be in hell than there, got on the +devil, and so they went on together.</p> + +<p>Mark how the devil blinded him, and made him believe +he carried him into hell, for he carried him into the lake, +where Faustus fell into a sound sleep, as if he had sate into a +warm water or bath: at last they came to a place which +burneth continually with flashing flames of fire and brimstone, +whereout issued an exceeding mighty clap of thunder, +with so horrible a noise that Faustus awaked. But the devil +went forth on his way, and carried Faustus therein, yea, +notwithstanding however it burnt, Dr. Faustus felt no more +heat than as it were the glimpse of the sun in May; there +heard he all manner of music to overcome him, but saw +none playing on them; it pleased him well, but he durst +not ask, for he was forbidden it before. To meet the devil +and the guest that came with him came three other ugly +devils, the which ran back again before the bear, to make +the way; against whom there came running an exceeding +great hart, which would have thrust Faustus out of the +chair; but being defended by the other three devils, the +hart was put to the repulse: thence going on the way, +Faustus looked, and behold there was nothing but snakes, +and all manner of venomous beasts about him, which were +exceeding great: unto the which snakes came many storks, +and swallowed up the whole multitude of snakes, that they +left not one: which when Faustus saw, he marvelled greatly. +But proceeding farther on their hellish voyage, there came +forth out of a hollow clift an exceeding great flying bull, +the which with such a force hit Faustus's chair with his head +and horns, that he turned Faustus and his bear over and +over, so that the bear vanished away: whereat Faustus +began to cry, "Oh! woe to me that ever I came here!" For +he thought there to have been beguiled of the devil; and to +make an end before his time appointed or conditioned of +the devil: but shortly after came to him a monstrous ape, +bidding Faustus to be of good cheer, and said, "Get upon +me."</p> + +<p>All the fire in hell seemed to Faustus to have been put +out, whereupon followed a monstrous thick fog, that he saw +nothing, but shortly after it seemed to him to wax clear, +where he saw two great dragons fastened unto a waggon, in +the which the ape ascended and set Faustus therein; forth +flew the dragons into an exceeding dark cloud, where +Faustus saw neither dragons nor chariot wherein he sate, +and such were the cries of tormented souls, with mighty +thunder-claps and flashing lightnings about his ears, that +poor Faustus shook for fear; upon this they came to a +water, stinking and filthy, thick like mud, into the which ran +the dragons, sinking under with waggon and all; but Faustus +felt no water, but as it were a small mist, saving that the +waves beat so sore upon him, that he saw nothing under or +over him but only water, in the which he lost his dragons, +ape, and waggon; and sinking deeper and deeper, he came +at last as it were upon a high rock, where the waters parted +and left him thereon: but when the water was gone, it +seemed to him he should there have ended his life, for he +saw no way but death. The rock was so high from the +bottom as heaven is from the earth. There sate he, seeing +nor hearing any man, and looked ever upon the rock. At +length he saw a little hole out of which issued fire. Thought +he, "How shall I now do? I must either fall to the bottom +or burn in the fire, or sit in despair." With that, in his +madness he gave a skip into the fire-hole, saying, "Hold, +you infernal hags! take here this sacrifice as my last end, +that which I have justly deserved."</p> + +<p>Upon this he was entered, and finding himself as yet unburned +or touched of that fire, he was the better appayed. +But there was so great a noise that he never heard the like +before; it passed all the thunder that ever he had heard. +And coming down farther to the bottom of the rock, he saw +a fire, wherein were many worthy and noble personages, as +emperors, kings, dukes, and lords, and many thousand more +tormented souls, at the edge of which fire ran a most pleasant, +clear, and cold water to behold; into the which many +tormented souls sprang out of the fire to cool themselves, +but being so freezing cold, they were constrained to return +again into the fire, and thus wearied themselves and spent +their endless torments out of one labyrinth into another, one +while in heat, another while in cold. But Faustus, standing +here all this while gazing on them that were thus tormented, +he saw one leaping out of the fire, shrieking horribly, whom +he thought to have known, wherefore he would fain have +spoken unto him, but remembering he was forbidden, he +refrained speaking. Then this devil that brought him in, +came to him again in likeness of a bear, with the chair +on his back, and bid him sit up, for it was time to depart. +So Faustus got up, and the devil carried him out into the +air, where he had so sweet music that he fell asleep by the +way.</p> + +<p>His boy Christopher, being all this while at home, and +missing his master so long, thought his master would +have tarried and dwelt with the devil for ever; but whilst +the boy was in these cogitations, his master came home; +for the devil brought him home fast asleep as he sate in his +chair, and threw him on his bed, where (being thus left of +the devil) he lay until day. When he awaked, he was +amazed, like a man who had been in a dark dungeon; +musing with himself, if it were true or false that he had +seen hell, or whether he was blinded or not; but he rather +persuaded himself he had been there than otherwise, +because he had seen such wonderful things; wherefore he +most carefully took pen and ink, and wrote those things in +order as he had seen; which writing was afterwards found +by his boy in his study, which afterwards was published to +the whole city of Wittenburg in print, for example to all +Christians.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch21" id="fch21"></a>CHAPTER XXI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus was carried through the Air, up to the Heavens<br /> +to see the whole World, and how the Sky and Planets ruled;<br /> +after the which +he wrote a Letter to his Friend of the same to Liptzig,<br /> +and how he +went about the World in eight days.</i></p> + + +<p>This letter was found by a freeman and citizen of Wittenburg, +written with his own hand, and sent to his friend at +Liptzig, a physician, named Love Victori, the contents of +which were as followeth:</p> + +<p>"Amongst other things, my beloved friend and brother, +I remember yet the former friendship we had together when +we were schoolfellows and students in the university at +Wittenburg; whereas you first studied physic, astronomy, +astrology, geometry, and cosmography, I, to the contrary, +you know, studied divinity, notwithstanding now in any of +your own studies I am sure I have proceeded farther than +yourself; for since I began I have never erred, for, might I +speak it without affecting mine own praise, my calendars +and other practices have not only the commendations of the +common sort, but also the chiefest lords and nobles of this +our Dutch nation, because (which is chiefly to be noted) I +write and presage of matters to come, which all accord and +fall out so right, as if they had already been before. And +for thee, my beloved Victori, you write to know my voyage +which I made unto the heavens, the which (as you certify +me) you have had some suspicion of, although you partly +persuade yourself that it is a thing impossible; no matter +for that, it is as it is, and let it be as it will, once it is done +in such a manner as now according, unto your request, I will +give you here to understand. I being once laid in my bed, +and I could not sleep for thinking on my calendar and +practice, I marvelled with myself how it were possible that +the firmament should be known, and so largely written of +by men, or whether they write true or false, by their own +opinions and suppositions, or by due observation and true +course of the heavens; behold, I thought my house would +have been blown down, so that all my doors and chests +flew open, whereat I was not a little astonished, for withal +I heard a groaning voice, which said, 'Get up; the desire +of thy heart, mind, and thought thou shalt see.' At the +which I answered, 'What my heart desireth that would I fain +see; and to make proof if I shall see, I will away with +thee.' 'Why, then,' quoth he, 'look out the window, there +cometh a messenger for thee.' That did I; and behold, +there stood a waggon with two dragons before it to draw +the same, and all the waggon was of a light burning fire, +and for that the moon shone I was the willinger at that +time to depart. But the voice spoke again: 'Sit up, and +let us away.' 'I will,' said I, 'go with thee, but upon condition +that I may ask after all things that I see, hear, or +think on.' The voice answered: 'I am content for this +time.' Hereupon I got me into the waggon, so that the +dragons carried me up right into the air. +</p> +<p>"The waggon had four wheels, the which rattled so, and +made such a noise, as if it had been all this while running +on the stones, and round about us flew flames of fire; and +the higher that I came, the more the earth seemed to be +darkened, so that methought I came out of a dungeon; and +looking down from heaven, behold Mephistophiles my spirit +and servant was behind me; and when he perceived that I +saw him, he came and sate by me; to whom I said, 'I pray +thee, Mephistophiles, whither shall I go now?' 'Let not +that trouble thy mind,' said he; and yet they carried us +higher up. And now I will tell thee, good friend and +schoolfellow, what things I have seen and proved; for on +the Tuesday I went out, and on Tuesday seven nights following +I came home again, that's eight days, in which time I +slept not, no not one wink came within my eyes; and we +went invisible of any man; and as the day began to appear, +after the first night's journey, I said to my spirit Mephistophiles, +'I pray thee how far have we now ridden? I am +sure thou knowest, for methinks we have ridden exceeding +far, the world seemeth so little.' Mephistophiles answered +me, 'My Faustus, believe me, that from the place from +whence thou camest unto this place where we now are is +already forty-seven leagues right in height.' And as the day +increased, I looked down into the world. Asia, Europe, +and Africa, I had a sight of; and being so high, quoth I to +my spirit, 'Tell me how these kingdoms lie, and what they +are called?' The which he denied not, saying, 'See this on +our left hand is Hungaria, this is also Prussia on our left +hand, and Poland, Muscovia, Tartary, Silesia, Bohemia, +Saxony; and here on our right hand, Spain, Portugal, +France, England, and Scotland; then right on before us lie +the kingdoms of Persia, India, Arabia, the king of Althar, +and the great Cham. Now we are come to Wittenburg, and +are right over the town of Weim, in Austria, and ere long +we will be at Constantinople, Tripoli, and Jerusalem, and +after will we pierce the frozen zone, and shortly touch the +horizon and the zenith of Wittenburg.' There looked I on +the ocean sea, and beheld a great many ships and galleys +ready to battle one against another; and thus I spent my +journey, and I cast my eyes here, now there, towards south, +north, east, and west. I have been in one place where it rained +and hailed, and in another where the sun shone excellent fair; +and so I think that I saw most things in and about the +world, with great admiration; that in one place it rained, +and in another hail and snow; on this side the sun shone +bright, some hills covered with snow never consuming, +others were so hot that grass and trees were burned and +consumed therewith. Then looked I up to the heavens, +and behold they went so swift, that I thought they would +have sprung into thousands; likewise it was so clear and so +hot, that I could not gaze upon it, it so dimmed my sight; +and had not my spirit Mephistophiles covered me, as it were +with a shadowing cloud, I had been burnt with the extreme +heat thereof; for the sky which we behold here, when we +look up from the earth, is so fast and thick as a wall, clear +and shining bright as crystal, in which is placed the sun, +which casteth forth his rays and beams over the whole world, +to the uttermost confines of the earth. But we think that +the sun is very little; no, it is altogether as big as the world; +indeed the body substantial is but little in compass, but the +rays or streams that it casteth forth by reason of the thing +wherein it is placed, maketh him to extend and show himself +all over the whole world; and we think that the sun +runneth his course, and that the heavens stand still; no, it +is the heavens that moves his course, and the sun abideth +perpetually in his place, he is permanent and fixed in his +place; and although we see him beginning to ascend in the +orient or east, at the highest in the meridian or south, setting +in occident or west, yet is he in the lowest in septentrio +or north, and yet he moveth not, it is the axle of the heavens +that moveth, the whole firmament being a chaos or confused +thing, and for that proof I will show this example: like as +thou seest a bubble made of water and soap blown out of a +quill, it is in form of a confused mass or chaos, and being in +this form is moved at pleasure of the wind, which runneth +round about that chaos, and moveth him also round; even +so the whole firmament or chaos, wherein are placed the +sun and the rest of the planets, is turned and carried at the +pleasure of the spirit of God, which is wind. Yea, Christian +reader, to the glory of God, and to the profit of my soul, I +will open unto thee a divine opinion touching the rule of +this confounded chaos, far more than my rude German +author, being possessed with the devil, was able to utter, +and prove some of my sentences before to be true; look into +Genesis, into the works of God, at the creation of the world, +there shalt thou find that the spirit of God moved upon the +water, before heaven and earth were made. Mark how he +made it, and how by his word every element took his +place; these were not his works, but his words, for all +the words he used before, concluded afterwards in one +work, which was in making man. Mark, reader, with +patience, for thy soul's health, see into all that was done by +the word and work of God. Light and darkness was, the +firmament stood, and the great and little light in it; the +moist waters were in one place, the earth was dry, and every +element brought forth according to the word of God. Now +follow his works: he made man after his own image. +How? Out of the earth. The earth will shape no image +without water; there was one of the elements; but all this +while there was wind. All elements were at the word of +God. Man was made, and in a form by the work of God, +yet moved not that work before God had breathed the spirit +of life into his nostrils, and made him a living soul. Here +was the first wind and spirit of God, out of his own mouth; +which we have likewise from the same seed which was only +planted by God in Adam; which wind, breath, or spirit, +when he had received, he was living and moved on earth; +for it was ordained of God for his habitation, but the heavens +are the habitation of the Lord. And like as I showed +before of the bubble or confused chaos made of water and +soap, through the wind and breath of man is turned round +and carried with the wind, even so the firmaments wherein +the sun and the rest of the planets are fixed, be moved, +turned, and carried with the wind, breath, and spirit of God; +for the heavens and firmaments are moveable as the chaos, +but the sun is fixed in the firmament. And farther, my +good schoolfellow, I was thus nigh the heavens, where methought +every planet was but as half the earth, and under +the firmament ruled the spirits in the air. As I came down, +I looked upon the world and heavens, and methought that +the earth was inclosed (in comparison) within the firmament +as the yolk of an egg within the white; methought that the +whole length of the earth was not a span long, and the water +was as it had been twice as broad and as long as the earth. +Even thus, at eight days' end, I came home again, and fell +asleep, and so I continued sleeping three days and three +nights together, and the first hour I waked, fell fresh again +to my calendars, and have made them in right ample manner +as you know. And to satisfy your request for that you +write unto me, I have (in consideration of our old friendship +had at the university of Wittenburg) declared unto you my +heavenly voyage, wishing no worse unto you than unto myself, +that is, that your mind were as mine in all respects. +Dixi, Dr. Faustus the astrologian."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch22" id="fch22"></a>CHAPTER XXII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus made his Journey through the principal and +most famous Lands in the World.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus having overrun fifteen years of his appointed +time, he took upon him a journey, with full intent to see the +whole world, and calling his spirit Mephistophiles unto him, +he said, "Thou knowest that thou art bound unto me upon +conditions, to form and fulfil my desire in all things, wherefore +my intent is to visit the whole face of the earth, visible +and invisible, when it pleaseth me; therefore I command +and enjoin thee to the same." Whereupon Mephistophiles +answered, "I am ready, my lord, at thy command;" and +forthwith the spirit changed himself into the likeness of a +flying horse, saying, "Faustus, sit up, I am ready."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus softly sate upon him, and forwards they went. +Faustus came through many a land and province, as Pannonia, +Austria, Germany, Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony, Messene, +During, Frankland, Swaalband, Byerland, Sayrir, Corinthia, +Poland, Litaw, Lesland, Prussia, Denmark, Muscovia, Tartaria, +Turkey, Persia, Cathai, Alexandria, Barbaria, Ginny, +Porut, the Straights Maghellane, India, all about the frozen +zone, and Terra-incognita, Nova Hispaniola, the Isles of +Tereza, Madera, St. Michaels, the Canaries, and the Trenorirolcio +into Spain, and Mainland, Portugal, Italy, Campania, +the Kingdom of Naples, the Isles of Sicilia, Malta, +Majorca, Minorca, to the Knights of the Rhodes, Candy or +Crete, Cypress, Corinth, Switzerland, France, Freezeland, +Westphalia, Zealand, Holland, Brabant, and all the seventeen +provinces in Netherland, England, Scotland, Ireland, +and America, and Island, the Gut-Isles of Scotland, the +Orcades, Norway, the Bishopric of Bream; and so home +again.</p> + +<p>All these kingdoms, and provinces, and countries he +passed in twenty-five days, in which time he saw nothing +that delighted his mind; wherefore he took little rest at +home, and burning in desire to see more at large, and to +behold the secrets of each kingdom, he set forward again on +his journey on his swift horse Mephistophiles, and came to +Trent, for that he chiefly desired to see this town, and the +monuments thereof, but there he saw not any wonders, +except two fair palaces that belonged unto the bishop, and +also a mighty large castle that was built with brick, with +three walls, and three great trenches, so strong that it was +impossible for any prince's power to win it; then he saw a +church wherein was buried Simon and the bishop of Popo. +Their tombs are of most sumptuous stone-marble, closed +and joined together with great bars of iron. From thence +he departed to Paris, where he liked well the academy; +and what place or kingdom soever fell in his mind, the +same he visited.</p> + +<p>He came from Paris to Mentz, where the river of Maine +falls into the Rhine, notwithstanding he tarried not long +there, but went into Campania, in the kingdom of Neapoly, +in which he saw an innumerable sort of cloisters, nunneries, +and churches, and great houses of stone, the streets fair and +large, and straight forth from one end of the town to the +other all alike, and all the pavement of the city was of +brick, and the more it rained in the town the fairer the +streets were. There saw he the tomb of Virgil, and the +highway that he cut through the mighty hill of stone in one +night, the whole length of an English mile, where he saw +the number of galleys and argosies that lay there at the city +head, the windmill that stood in the water, the castle in the +water, and the houses above the water, where many galleys +might ride most safely from rain or wind; then he saw the +castle on the hill over the town, and many monuments +therein, also the hill called Vesuvius, whereon groweth all +the Greekish wine and most pleasant sweet olives.</p> + +<p>From thence he came to Venice, whereat he wondered +not a little to see a city so famously built standing in the sea, +where through every street the water came in such largeness +that great ships and barques might pass from one street to +another, having yet a way on both sides the water whereon +men and horses might pass. He marvelled also how it was +possible so much victuals to be found in the town, and so good +and cheap, considering that for a whole league nothing grew +near the same. He wondered not a little at the fairness of +St. Mark's Place, and the sumptuous church standing +thereon, called St. Mark; how all the pavement was set +with coloured stones, and all the rood or loft of the church +double gilded over.</p> + +<p>Leaving this, he came to Padua, beholding the manner of +their academy, which is called the mother or nurse of Christendom; +there heard he the doctors, and saw most of the +monuments of the town, entered his name in the university +of the German nation, and wrote himself Dr. Faustus, the +insatiable speculator. Then saw he the worthiest monument +in the world for a church, named St. Anthony's +Cloister, which for the pinnacles thereof and the contrivement +of the church, hath not the like in Christendom. The +town is fenced about with three mighty walls of stone and +earth, betwixt the which runneth goodly ditches of water. +Betwixt every four-and-twenty hours passeth boats betwixt +Padua and Venice with passengers, as they do here betwixt +London and Gravesend, and even so far they differ in +distance. Faustus beheld likewise the council-house and +castle, with no small wonder.</p> + +<p>Well, forward he went to Rome, which lay, and doth yet +lie, on the river Tibris, the which divideth the city into two +parts. Over the river are four great stone bridges, and upon +the one bridge, called Ponte St. Angelo, is the Castle of St. +Angelo, wherein are so many great cast pieces as there are +days in the year, and such pieces as will shoot seven bullets +off with one fire. To this castle cometh a privy vault from the +church and the palace of St. Peter, through the which the +pope (if any danger be) passeth from his palace to the castle +for safeguard. The city hath eleven gates, and a hill called +Vaticinium, whereupon St. Peter's church is built. In that +church the holy fathers will hear no confessions without the +penitent bring money in his hand. Adjoining to the church +is the Campo Santo, the which Carolus Magnus built, where +every day thirteen pilgrims have their dinners served of the +best; that is to say, Christ and his twelve apostles. Hard by +this he visited the churchyard of St. Peter, where he saw that +pyramid that Julius Cæsar brought forth of Africa; it stood +in Faustus's time leaning against the church-wall of St. +Peter's; but Pope Sixtus hath erected it in the middle of +St. Peter's churchyard. It is fourteen fathom long, and at +the lower end five fathom four square, and so forth smaller +upwards. On the top is a crucifix of beaten gold, the stone +standing on four lions of brass. Then he visited the seven +churches of Rome, that were St. Peter, St. Paul, St. Sebastian, +St. John Lateran, St. Laurence, St. Mary Magdalen, +and St. Mary Majora. Then went he without the town, +where he saw the conduits of water that run level through +hill and dale, bringing water into the town fifteen Italian +miles off. Other mountains he saw, too many to recite.</p> + +<p>But amongst the rest he was desirous to see the pope's +court, and his manner of service at his table, wherefore he +and his spirit made themselves invisible, and came to the +pope's court and privy-chamber, where he was; there saw +he many servants attending on his holiness, with many a +flattering sycophant carrying his meat; and there he marked +the pope, and the manner of his service, which he seeing to +be so unmeasurable and sumptuous: "Fie," quoth Faustus, +"why had not the devil made a pope of me?" Faustus saw +there notwithstanding such as were like to himself, proud, +stout, wilful gluttons, drunkards, whoremongers, breakers of +wedlock, and followers of all manner of ungodly excess; +wherefore he said to his spirit, "I thought that I had been +alone a hog or pork of the devil's, but he must bear with me +a little longer; for these hogs of Rome are ready fatted, and +fitted to make him roast meat; the devil might do well to +spit them all, and have them to the fire, and let him summon +the nuns to turn the spits; for as none must confess the +nun but the friar, so none should turn the roasting friar but +the nun." Thus continued Faustus three days in the pope's +palace, and yet had no lust to his meat, but stood still in +the pope's chamber, and saw everything whatsoever it was.</p> + +<p>On a time the pope would have a feast prepared for the +Cardinal of Pavia, and for his first welcome the cardinal +was bidden to dinner, and as he sate at meat the pope would +ever be blessing and crossing over his mouth. Faustus +would suffer it no longer, but up with his fist and smote the +pope on his face, and withal he laughed that the whole +house might hear him, yet none of them saw him, or knew +where he was. The pope persuaded his company that it +was a damned soul, commanding mass presently to be said +for his delivery out of purgatory, which was done; the pope +sat still at meat, but when the latter mess came to the pope's +board, Dr. Faustus laid hands thereon, saying, "This is +mine," and so he took both dish and meat, and flew into +the Capitol or Campadolia, calling his spirit unto him, and +said, "Come, let us be merry, for thou must fetch me some +wine, and the cup that the pope drinks out of; and hereupon +morte caval, we will make good cheer in spite of the +pope and all his fat abbey lubbers."</p> + +<p>His spirit hearing this, departed towards the pope's +chamber, where he found them yet sitting, quaking; wherefore +he took from before the pope the fairest piece of plate, +or drinking goblet, and a flagon of wine, and brought it to +Faustus.</p> + +<p>But when the pope and the rest of his crew perceived they +were robbed, and knew not after what sort, they persuaded +themselves that it was a damned soul that before had vexed +the pope so, and that smote him on the face; wherefore he +sent commandment through the whole city of Rome, that +they should say a mass in every church, and ring all the +bells, for to lay the walking spirit, and to curse him with +bell, book, and candle, that so invisibly had misused the +pope's holiness, with the Cardinal of Pavia, and the rest of +their company.</p> + +<p>But Faustus notwithstanding made good cheer with that +which he had beguiled the pope of, and in the midst of the +order of St. Bernard's, bare-footed friars, as they were going +on procession through the market-place, called Campo de +Fiore, he let fall his plate, dish, and cup, and withal for a +farewell he made such a thunder-clap and storm of rain, +as though heaven and earth would have met together, and +left Rome, and came to Millain in Italy, near the Alps or +borders of Switzerland, where he praised much to his spirit +the pleasures of the place, the city being founded in so +brave a plain, by the which ran most pleasant rivers on +every side of the same, having besides within the compass of +a circuit of seven miles, seven small seas: he saw also +therein many fair places, and goodly buildings, the duke's +palace, and the mighty strong castle, which is in a manner +half the bigness of the town. Moreover, it liked him well +to see the hospital of St. Mary, with divers other things: +he did there nothing worthy of memory, but he departed +back again towards Bologna, and from thence to Florence, +where he was well pleased to see the pleasant walk of +merchants, the goodly vaults of the city, for that almost +the whole city is vaulted, and the houses themselves are +built outwardly in such sort, that the people go under them +as under a vault: then he perused the sumptuous church +in the duke's castle, called Nostra Dama, our Lady's church, +in which he saw many monuments, as a marble door most +huge to look upon; the gates of the castle are bell-metal, +wherein are graven the holy patriarchs, with Christ and his +twelve apostles, and divers other histories out of the Old and +New Testament.</p> + +<p>Then went he to Siena, where he highly praised the +church and hospital of Sancta Maria Formosa, with the +goodly buildings, and especially the fairness and greatness +of the city, and beautiful women: then came he to Lyons +in France, where he marked the situation of the city, which +lay between two hills, environed with two waters; one worthy +monument pleased him well, that was the great church, with +the image therein; he commended the city highly for the +great resort that it had unto it of strangers.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to Cullen, which lieth upon the +river of Rhine, wherein he saw one of the ancientest monuments +in the world, the which was the tomb of the three +kings that came by the angel of God, and their knowledge +they had in the stars, to worship Christ, which when Faustus +saw, he spake in this manner: "Ah! alas, good men! How +have you erred, and lost your way! You should have gone +to Palestina, and Bethlehem in Judea; how came you +hither? Or belike after your death you were thrown into +Mare Mediterraneum, about Tripolis in Syria, and so you +steered out of the Straights of Gibralterra, in the ocean seas, +and so into the Bay of Portugal. And not finding any rest, +you are driven along the coast of Gallicia, Biscay and France, +and into the narrow seas: then from thence into Mare +Germanicum, and taken up I think about the town of Dort +in Holland: you were brought to Cullen to be buried, or +else (I think) you came most easily with a whirlwind over +the Alps, and being thrown into the river of Rhine, it conveyed +you to this place where you are kept a monument." +Then saw he the church of St. Ursula, where remains a +monument of the thousand virgins; it pleased him also to +see the beauty of the women.</p> + +<p>Not far from Cullen lieth the town of Ach, where he saw +the gorgeous temple that the Emperor Carolus Quartus built +of marble-stone for a remembrance of him, to the end that +all his successors should there be crowned.</p> + +<p>From Cullen and Ach he went to Geneva, a city in +Savoy, lying near Switzerland; it is a town of great traffic, +the lord thereof is a bishop, whose wine-cellar Faustus and +his spirit visited for the love of his good wine.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to Strasburg, where he beheld the +fairest temple that ever he had seen in his life before, for on +every side thereof he might see through, even from the +covering of the minster to the top of the pinnacle, and it +is named one of the wonders of the world; wherefore, he +demanded why it is called Strasburg? His spirit answered, +"Because it hath so many highways common to it on +every side, for Stros in Dutch is a Highway, and hereof +came the name: yea," said Mephistophiles, "the church +that thou so wonderest at, hath more revenues belonging +to it than the twelve dukes of Silesia are worth, for +there pertain unto this church fifty-five towns, and four +hundred and sixty-three villages, besides many houses in the +town."</p> + +<p>From thence went Faustus to Basil, in Switzerland, where +the river of Rhine runneth through the town, parting the +same as the river of Thames doth London: in the town of +Basil he saw many rich monuments, the town walled with +brick round about, without it goeth a great trench: no +church pleased him but the Jesuits' church, which was +sumptuously builded, and set full of alabaster pillars, where +the spirit told Faustus that before the city was founded, +there used a Basiliscus, a kind of serpent: this serpent +killed as many men, women and children as he took a sight +of, but there was a knight that made himself a cover of +crystal, to come over his head and down to the ground, +and being first covered with a black cloth, over that he put +the crystal, and so boldly went to see the Basiliscus, and +finding the place where she haunted, he expected her coming +even before the mouth of the cave, where standing a while, +the Basiliscus came forth, where when she saw her own +venomous shadow in the crystal, she split in a thousand +pieces, wherefore the knight was richly rewarded of the +emperor, after the which the knight founded this town upon +the place where he had slain the serpent, and gave it the name +Basil, in remembrance of his deed.</p> + +<p>From Basil, Faustus went to Costnitz in Sweitz, at the +head of the Rhine, where is a most sumptuous bridge that +goeth over the Rhine, even from the gates of the town to +the other side of the stream; at the head of the river of +Rhine, is a small sea, called of the Switzers the Black Sea, +twenty thousand paces long, and fifty hundred paces broad. +The town Costnitz took the name of this; the emperor gave +it a clown for expounding of his riddle: wherefore the clown +named the town Costnitz, that is in English, "Cost me +nothing."</p> + +<p>From Costnitz he came to Ulm, where he saw the sumptuous +town house built by two-and-fifty of the ancient +senators of the city; it took the name Ulm, because the +whole land thereabouts is full of Elms: but Faustus minding +to depart from thence, his spirit said unto him, "Faustus, +think of the town as you will; it hath three dukedoms +belonging to it, the which they have bought with ready +money."</p> + +<p>From Ulm he came unto Watzberg, the chiefest town in +Frankland, wherein the bishop altogether keepeth his court, +through the which town passeth the river Mayne, that runs +into the Rhine; thereabouts groweth strong and pleasant +wine, the which Faustus well proved: the castle standeth +on a hill on the north side of the town, at the foot thereof +runneth the river. This town is full of beggarly friars, nuns, +priests, and Jesuits; for there are five sorts of begging +friars, besides three cloisters of nuns; at the foot of the +castle stands a church, in the which there is an altar, where +are engraven all the four elements, and all the orders and +degrees in heaven, that any man of understanding whosoever, +that hath a light thereof, may say that it is the artificialist +thing that ever he beheld. +</p> +<p>From thence he went to Norenberg, whither as he went +by the way his spirit informed him that the town was named +of Claudius Tiberius, the son of Nero the Tyrant. In the +town are two famous cathedral churches, one called St. +Sabelt, the other St. Laurence; in which church stands all +the relics of Carolus Magnus, that is to say, his cloak, his +hose, his doublet, his sword and crown, the sceptre and +apple. It hath a very glorious gilded conduit in the market-place +of St. Laurence; in which conduit is the spear that +thrust our Saviour into the side, and a piece of the holy +cross; the wall is called the fair wall of Norenberg, and +five hundred and twenty-eight streets, a hundred and sixty +wells, four great and two small clocks, six great gates, two +small doors, eight stone bridges, twelve small hills, ten +fair market-places, thirteen common hot-houses, ten +churches; within the town are twenty wheels of water-mills, +it hath a hundred and thirty-eight tall ships, two mighty +town walls of hewed stone and earth, with very deep +trenches: the walls have a hundred and eighty towers about +them, and four fair platforms, ten apothecaries, ten doctors +of the common law, fourteen doctors of physic.</p> + +<p>From Norenberg he went to Auspurg, where at the break +of the day he demanded of his spirit whereupon the town took +his name. "This town," quoth he, "hath had many names; +when it was first built, it was called Vindelica; secondly, it +was called Zizaria, the iron-bridge; lastly, by the Emperor +Octavus Augustus, it was called Augusta, and by the corruption +of language, the Germans had named it Auspurg."</p> + +<p>Now, for because that Faustus had been there before, he +departed (without seeing their monuments) to Ravensberg, +where his spirit certified him that the city had seven names: +the first Diperia, the second Quadratis, the third Heaspolis, +the fourth Reginipolis, the fifth Imbripolis, the sixth Ratisbona, +the last is Ravensberg. The situation of this city pleased +Faustus well, also the strong and sumptuous building; by +the walls thereof runneth the river Danubius, in Dutch +called Danow, into which not far from the compass of the +city falleth near hand threescore other small rivers and fresh +waters. Faustus also liked the sumptuous stone bridge over +the same water, with the church standing thereon, the which +was founded Anno 1115, the name whereof is called St. +Remedian; in the town Faustus went into the cellar of an +inn-holder, and let out all the beer and wine that was in +the cellar.</p> + +<p>After which feat, he returned into Mentz in Bavaria, a +right princely town: the town appeared as if it were new, +with great streets therein, both of breadth and length from +Mentz to Salisburg, where the bishop is always resident: +here saw he all the commodities that were possible to be +seen, for at the hill he saw the form of a bell made in +crystal, a huge thing to look upon, that every year groweth +bigger and bigger, by reason of the freezing cold.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to Vienna in Austria; the town is +of great antiquity, that it is not possible to find the like. "In +this town," said the spirit, "is more wine than water, for all +under the town are wells, which are filled every year with +wine, and all the water that they have runneth by this +town; this is the river Danubius."</p> + +<p>From thence he went into Prage, the chief city of +Bohemia; this is divided into three parts, that is old Prage, +little Prage, and new Prage. Little Prage is the place where +the emperor's court is placed; upon an exceeding high +mountain there is a castle, where are two fair churches; in +the one he found a monument which might well have been +a mirror for himself, and that was the sepulchre of a notable +conjurer, which by his magic had so enchanted his sepulchre +that whosoever set foot thereon, should be sure never to +die in their beds. From this castle he came and went down +over the bridge; this bridge has twenty-four arches, and in +the middle of the bridge stands a very fair monument, being +a cross builded of stone, and most artificially carved. From +thence he went into the old Prage, the which is separated +from the new Prage, with an exceeding deep ditch, and +round about enclosed with a wall of brick; unto this is +adjoining the Jews' town, wherein are thirteen thousand +men, women, and children, all Jews; there he viewed the +college and the gardens, where all manner of savage beasts +are kept; and from thence he fetched a compass round +about the three towns, whereat he wondered greatly to see +so mighty a city stand all within the walls.</p> + +<p>From Prage he flew into the air, and bethought himself +what he might do, or which way to take; so looked round +about, and behold he espied a passing fair city, which lay +not far from Prage, about some four-and-twenty miles, and +that was Bressaw in Silesia, in which when he was entered, +it seemed to him that he had been in Paradise, so neat and +clean were the streets, and so sumptuous were their buildings. +In the city he saw not many wonders, except the +brazen Virgin that standeth on a bridge over the water, and +under which standeth a mill like a paper-mill, which Virgin +is made to do execution upon those disobedient town-born +children that be so wild that their parents cannot bridle +them; which, when any such are found with some heinous +offence, turning to the shame of their parents and kindred, +they are brought to kiss the Virgin, which openeth her arms. +The person then to be executed kisseth her, then doth she +close her arms together with such violence, that she +crusheth out the breath of the party, breaketh his bulk, and +so he dieth; but being dead she openeth her arms again, +and letteth the party fall into the mill, where he is stamped +into small morsels, which the water carrieth away, so that +no part is found again.</p> + +<p>From Bressaw he went toward Cracovia, in the kingdom +of Polionia, where he beheld the academy, the which pleased +him wonderful well. In the city the king most commonly +holdeth his court at a castle, in which castle are +many famous monuments; there is a most sumptuous +church in the same, in which standeth a silver altar gilded +and set with rich stones, and over it is a covenance full +of all manner of silver ornaments belonging to mass. In +the church hangeth the jaw-bones of a huge dragon, that +kept the rock before the castle was edified thereon: it is +full of all manner of munition, and hath always victuals +for three years to serve three thousand men; through the +town runneth a river, called the Vessnal or Wessel, where +over is a fair wooden bridge; this water divideth the town +and Gasmere; in this Gasmere dwell the Jews, being a small +walled town by themselves, to the number of twenty-five +thousand men, women and children; within one mile of +the town there is a salt mine, where they found stones of +pure salt, one thousand pound, two thousand pound, or +more in weight, and that in great quantity: this salt is as +black as the Newcastle coal when it comes out of the +mines, but being beaten to powder, it is as white as snow. +The like they have four miles from thence at a town called +Buckma.</p> + +<p>From thence Faustus went to Sandentz, the Captain +thereof was called Don Spicket Jordan. In this town are +many monuments, as the tomb and sepulchre of Christ, in +as ample a manner as that is at Jerusalem, at the proper +costs of a gentleman that went thrice a year to Jerusalem +from that place and returned again. Not far from that +town is a new town wherein is a nunnery of the order of +St. Dioclesian, into which order may none come except +they be gentlewomen, and well formed, and fair to look +upon, which pleased Faustus well; but having a will to +travel further, and to see more wonders, mounting up +towards the east, over many lands and provinces, as in +Hungaria, Transilvania, Shede, Ingatz, Sardinia, and so +into Constantinople, where the Turkish emperor kept his +court.</p> + +<p>This city was surnamed by Constantine, the founder +thereof, being builded of very fair stone. In the same the +Great Turk hath three fair palaces: the walls are strong, +the pinnacles are very huge, and the streets very large. But +this liked not Faustus that one man should have as many +wives as he would. The sea runneth hard by the city; the +wall hath eleven gates. Faustus abode there a certain time +to see the manner of the Turkish emperor's service at his +table, where he saw his royal service to be such that he +thought if all the Christian princes should banquet together, +and every one adorn the feast to the utmost, that they were +not able to compare with the Turk and his table, and the +rest of his country service. Wherefore it so affrighted +Faustus that he vowed to be revenged on him, for his pomp, +he thought, was more fit for himself; wherefore as the Turk +sate at meat Faustus showed them a little apish play, for +round about the privy-chamber he sent forth flashing flames +of fire, insomuch that the whole company forsook their +meat and fled, except only the Great Turk himself; him +Faustus charmed in such sort that he could neither rise nor +fall, neither could any man pull him up. With this was the +hall so light as if the sun had shined in the house. Then +came Faustus in form of a pope to the Great Turk, +saying, "All hail, emperor, now art thou honoured, that I +so worthily appear unto thee as thy Mahomet was wont to +do." Hereupon he vanished, and forthwith it thundered +that the whole palace shook. The Turk greatly marvelled +what this should be that so vexed him, and was persuaded +by the chiefest counsellors that it was Mahomet, his prophet, +which had so appeared unto them; whereupon the Turk +commanded them to fall down on their knees and to give +him thanks for doing them so great honour as to show +himself unto them. But the next day Faustus went into +the castle where he kept his wives and concubines, in which +castle might no man, upon the pain of death, come, except +those that were appointed by the Great Turk to do him +service, and they were all eunuchs, which when Faustus +perceived, he said to his spirit Mephistophiles, "How likest +thou this sport? Are not these fair ladies greatly to be +pitied that thus consume their youth at the pleasure of one +only man?"</p> + +<p>"Why," quoth the spirit, "mayst not thou instead of +the emperor embrace these fair ladies? Do what thy heart +desireth herein, and I will aid thee, and what thou wishest +thou shalt have it performed."</p> + +<p>Wherefore Faustus (being before this counsel apt enough +to put such matters in practice) caused a great fog to be +round about the castle, both within and without, and he +himself appeared amongst the ladies in all points as they +used to paint Mahomet; at which sight the ladies fell on +their knees and worshipped him. Then Faustus took the +fairest by the hand, and when he had delighted himself +sufficiently with her, he put her away, and made his spirit +bring him another; and so he passed away six days, all +which time the fog was so thick and so stinking that they +within the house thought that they had been in hell for the +time, and they without wondered thereat, in such sort that +they went to their prayers, calling on their God Mahomet, +and worshipping of the image; where the sixth day Faustus +exalted himself into the air like a pope, in the sight of the +Great Turk and all his people, and he had no sooner +departed the castle but the fog vanished away. Whence +presently the Turk went to his wives and concubines, +demanding of them if they knew the cause why the castle +was beset with a mist so long. They said it was the God +Mahomet himself that had caused it, and how he was in the +castle personally six days. The Turk, hearing this, fell +down upon his knees and gave Mahomet thanks, desiring +him to forgive him for being offended with his visiting his +castle and wives these six days.</p> + +<p>From thence Faustus went to Alker, the which before +times was called Chairam, or Memphis. In this city the +Egyptian Soldan holdeth his court; from thence the river +Nilus hath his head and spring. It is the greatest fresh +water river that is in the whole world, and always when the +sun is in Cancer it overfloweth the whole land of Egypt.</p> + +<p>Then he returned again towards the north-east, and to +the town of Osen and Sebasa in Hungaria. This Osen is +the closest city in Hungaria, and standing in a fertile soil, +wherein groweth most excellent wine; and not far from the +tower there is a well called Zipzan, the water whereof +changeth iron into copper. There are mines of gold and +silver and all manner of metal. We Germans call this town +Osen, but in the Hungarian speech it is Start. In the town +standeth a very fair castle, and very well fortified.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to Austria, and so through Silesia +into Saxony, unto the towns of Magdeburg, and Lipzig, and +Lubeck. Magdeburg is a bishopric. In this city is one of +the pitchers wherein Christ changed the water into wine in +Cana in Galilee. At Lipzig nothing pleased Faustus so +well as the great vessel in the castle made of wood, the +which is bound about with twenty-four iron hoops, and every +hoop weighed two hundred pound weight. You must go +upon a ladder thirty steps high before you can look into it. +He saw also the new churchyard where it was walled, and +standeth upon a fair plain. The yard is two hundred paces +long, and round about the side of the wall are good places, +separated one from each other to see sepulchres in, which +in the middle of the yard standeth very sumptuous; therein +standeth a pulpit of white work and gold.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to Lubeck and Jamberg, where he +made no abode, but away again to Erford in Duriten, where +he visited the Frescold; and from Erford he went home to +Wittenburg, when he had seen and visited many a strange +place, being from home one year and a half, in which time +he wrought more wonders than are here declared.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch23" id="fch23"></a>CHAPTER XXIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus had sight of Paradise.</i></p> + +<p> +After this Dr. Faustus set forth again to visit the countries +of Spain, Portugal, France, England, Scotland, Denmark, +Sweden, Poland, Muscovy, India, Cataia, Africa, Persia, +and lastly, into Barbaria, amongst the Black Moors; and in +all his wandering he was desirous to visit the ancient monuments +and mighty hills, amongst the rest, beholding the +high hill called Theno Reise, was desirous to rest upon it. +From thence he went into the Isle of Britain, wherein he +was greatly delighted to see the fair water and warm baths, +the divers sorts of metal, with many precious stones and +divers other commodities, the which Faustus brought thence +with him. He was also at the Orcades behind Scotland, +where he saw the tree that bringeth forth fruit, that when it +is ripe, openeth and falleth in the water, wherein engendereth +a certain kind of fowl and birds. These islands are in +number twenty-three, but ten of them are not habitable, +the other thirteen were inhabited.</p> + +<p>From thence he went to the hill Caucasus, which is the +highest in all that tropic: it lieth near the borders of +Scythia. Hereon Faustus stood and beheld many lands +and kingdoms. Faustus, being on such a high hill, +thought to look over all the world, and beyond, for he +went to Paradise, but he durst not commune with his spirit +thereof; and being on the hill Caucasus, he saw the whole +land of India and Scythia, and as he looked towards the +east, he saw a mighty clear streak of fire coming from +heaven upon earth, even as if it had been one of the beams +of the sun. He saw in the water four mighty waters +springing, one had his course towards India, the second +towards Egypt, the third and fourth towards Armenia. +When he saw these he would needs know of his spirit what +waters they were, and from whence they came?</p> + +<p>His spirit gave him gently an answer, saying, "It is +Paradise that lieth so far in the east, the garden that God +himself hath planted with all manner of pleasure; and the +fiery streams which thou seest is the wall or fence of the +garden; but the clear light which thou seest afar of, that is +the angel that hath the custody thereof with a fiery sword; +and although thou thinkest thyself to be hard by, thou +are yet further thither from hence than thou hast ever been. +The water that thou seest divided in four parts, is the water +that issueth out of the well in the middle of Paradise. The +first is called Ganges or Pison, the second Gihon, the third +Tygris, and the fourth Euphrates; also thou seest that he +standeth under Libra and Aries, right towards the Zenith; +and upon this fiery wall standeth the angel Michael with +his flaming sword, to keep the tree of life, which he hath in +charge. But," the spirit said to Faustus, "neither thou, +nor I, nor any after us, yea, all men whatsoever, are denied +to visit, or come any nearer than we be."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch24" id="fch24"></a>CHAPTER XXIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Of a certain Comet that appeared in Germany,<br /> +and how Dr. Faustus +was desired by certain Friends of his<br /> +to know the meaning thereof.</i></p> + + +<p>In Germany, over the town of St. Elzeben, was seen a +mighty great comet, whereat the people wondered, but Dr. +Faustus being there, was asked of certain of his friends his +judgment or opinion in the matter; whereupon he answered: +"It falleth out often by the course and change of the sun +and moon, that the sun is under the earth, and the moon +above; but when the moon draweth near the change, then +is the sun so strong that it taketh away the light of the +moon in such sort as she is red as blood; and, on the contrary +side, after they have been together, she soon taketh her +light from him, and so increasing in light to the full, she +will be as red as the sun was before, and change herself into +divers and sundry colours, of which springeth the prodigal +monster, or, as you call it, a comet, which is a figure or +token appointed of God as a forewarning of his displeasure: +as at one time he sendeth hunger, plague, sword, or such +like, being all tokens of his judgments, which comet cometh +through the conjunction of the sun and moon, and begetteth +a monster, whose father is the sun, and whose mother is the +moon: moon and sun."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch25" id="fch25"></a>CHAPTER XXV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Another Question put forth to Dr. Faustus concerning the Stars.</i></p> + + +<p>There was a learned man of the town of Halberstat, named +N. W., who invited Dr. Faustus to his table, but falling into +communication before supper was ready, they looked out of +the window, and seeing many stars in the firmament, this +man being a doctor of physic, and a good astrologian, said: +"Dr. Faustus, I have invited you as my guest, hoping you +will take in good part with me, and withal, I request you to +impart some of your experience in the stars and planets;" +and seeing a star fall, he said: "I pray you, Faustus, what +is the condition, quality, or greatness of the stars in the +firmament?"</p> + +<p>Faustus answered him: "My friend and brother, you see +that the stars that fall from heaven, when they come to the +earth, they be very small to our thinking as candles, but +being fixed in the firmament, they are many as great as a +city, some as great as a province or dukedom, others as +great as the whole earth, other some far greater than the +earth twelve times, and from the height of the heavens there +is scarce any earth to be seen—yea, the planets in the heavens +are some so great as this land, some so great as the whole +empire of Rome, some as Turkey, yea, some as great as the +whole world."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch26" id="fch26"></a>CHAPTER XXVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Faustus was asked a Question +concerning<br /> +the Spirits that +vexed Men.</i></p> + +<p>"That is most true," said he to Faustus, "concerning the +stars and planets; but, I pray you, in what kind or manner +do the spirits use to vex men so little by day and so greatly +by night?"</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus answered: "Because the spirits are of God +forbidden the light; their dwelling is in darkness, and the +clearer the sun shineth, the farther the spirits have their +abiding from it, but in the night when it is dark, they have +their familiarity and abiding near unto us men. For although +in the night we see not the sun, yet the brightness thereof so +lighted the first moving of the firmament, as it doth here on +earth in the day, by which reason we are able to see the +stars and planets in the night, even so the rays of the sun +piercing upwards into the firmament, the spirits abandon the +place, and so come near us on earth, the darkness filling our +heads with heavy dreams and fond fancies, with shrieking +and crying in many deformed shapes: and sometimes when +men go forth without light, there falleth to them a fear, that +their hairs standeth up on end, so many start in their sleep, +thinking there is a spirit by them, groping or feeling for +him, going round about the house in their sleep, and many +such like fancies, and all this is, because in the night the +spirits are more familiarly by us than we are desirous of +their company, and so they carry us, blinding us, and +plaguing us more than we are able to perceive."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch27" id="fch27"></a>CHAPTER XXVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus was asked a Question concerning<br /> +the Stars +that fell from Heaven.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus being demanded the cause why the stars fall +from heaven, he answered: "That it is but our opinion; +for if one star fall, it is the great judgment of God upon us, +as a forewarning of some great thing to come: for when we +think that a star falleth, it is but as a spark that issueth from +a candle or flame of fire; for if it were a substantial thing, +we should not so soon lose the sight of them as we do. +But likewise if so be that we see as it were a stream of +fire fall from the firmament, as it oft happeneth, yet are they +not stars, but as it were a flame of fire vanishing, but the +stars are substantial; therefore are they firm and not falling; +if there fall any, it is a sign of some great matter to come, +as a scourge to a people or country; and then such stars +falling, and the gates of heaven are opened, and the clouds +send forth floods and other plagues, to the damage of the +whole land and people."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch28" id="fch28"></a>CHAPTER XXVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Faustus was asked a Question concerning Thunder.</i></p> + + +<p>In the month of August there was over Wittenburg a mighty +great lightning and thunder; and as Dr. Faustus was jesting +merrily in the market-place with certain of his friends and +companions, being physicians, they desired him to tell them +the cause of that weather. Faustus answered: "It hath +been commonly seen heretofore that, before a thunder-clap, +fell a shower of rain or a gale of wind; for commonly after +a wind falleth rain, and after rain a thunder-clap, such thickness +come to pass when the four winds meet together in the +heavens, the airy clouds are by force beaten against the +fixed crystal firmament, but when the airy clouds meet +with the firmament, they are congealed, and so strike, and +rush against the firmament, as great pieces of ice when they +meet on the water; then each other sounded in our ears, +and that we call thunder, which indeed was none other than +you have heard."</p> +<p> </p> + +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> + +<h3>THE THIRD AND LAST OF DR. FAUSTUS HIS MERRY CONCEITS,<br /> +SHOWING AFTER WHAT SORT HE PRACTISED<br /> +NECROMANCY IN THE COURTS OF GREAT PRINCES:<br /> +AND, LASTLY, OF HIS FEARFUL AND PITIFUL END.</h3> +<p> </p> +<h3><a name="fch29" id="fch29"></a>CHAPTER XXIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How the Emperor Carolus Quintus requested of Faustus<br /> +to see some of his Cunning,<br /> +whereunto he agreed.</i></p> + + +<p>The Emperor Charles the Fifth of that name, was personally, +with the rest of the nobles and gentlemen, at the town of +Intzbrack, where he kept his court, unto the which also Dr. +Faustus resorted, and being there well known of divers +nobles and gentlemen, he was invited in the court to meat, +even in the presence of the emperor, whom when the emperor +saw, he looked earnestly upon him, thinking by his +looks he was some wonderful fellow; wherefore he asked +one of his nobles whom he should be? He answered, that +he was called Dr. Faustus. Whereupon the emperor held +his peace until he had taken his repast; after which he +called unto him Faustus into his privy-chamber; where +being come, he said unto him: "Faustus, I have heard +much of thee, that thou art excellent in the black art, and +none like thee in my empire; for men say that thou hast a +familiar spirit with thee, and that thou canst do what thou +list. It is, therefore," said the emperor, "my request of +thee that thou let me see proof of thy experience, and I vow +unto thee, by the honour of my imperial crown, none evil +shall happen unto thee for so doing."</p> + +<p>Hereupon Dr. Faustus answered his Majesty, that upon +those conditions he was ready in anything that he could to +do his highness's command in what service he could appoint +him.</p> + +<p>"Well, hear then what I say," quoth the emperor. +"Being once solitary in my house, I called to mind my +elders and ancestors, how it was possible for them to attain +to so great a degree and authority, yea, so high, that we, the +successors of that line, are not able to come near. As for +example, the great and mighty monarch of the world, Alexander +Magnus, was such a pattern and spectacle to all his +successors, as the chronicles make mention of, having so +great riches, conquering and subduing so many kingdoms, +the which I and those that follow me (I fear) shall never be +able to attain unto; wherefore, Faustus, my hearty desire is +that thou wouldst vouchsafe to let me see that Alexander +and his paramour, the which was praised to be so fair; and +I pray thee show me them in such sort that I may see their +personages, shapes, gesture and apparel, as they used in their +lifetime, and that here before my face, to that end that I may +say, I have my long desire fulfilled, and to praise thee to be +a famous man in thy art and experience."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus answered: "My most excellent lord, I am +ready to accomplish your request in all things, so far forth +as I and my spirit are able to perform; yet your Majesty +shall know that their dead bodies are not able substantially +to be brought before you; but such spirits as have seen +Alexander and his paramour alive shall appear unto you in +manner and form as they both lived in their most flourishing +time, and herewith I hope to please your imperial Majesty." +Then Faustus went a little aside and spoke to his spirit, but +he returned again presently, saying, "Now, if it please your +Majesty, you shall see them, yet upon this condition, that +you demand no question of them, nor speak unto them;" +which the emperor agreed unto.</p> + +<p>Whereupon Dr. Faustus opened the privy-chamber door, +where presently entered the great and mighty emperor, +Alexander Magnus, in all things to look upon as if he had +been alive; in proportion, a strong set thick man, of a +middle stature, black hair, and that both thick and curled, +head and beard, red cheeks, and a broad face, with eyes like +a basilisk; he had a complete harness furnished and engraven, +exceeding rich to look upon; and so passing towards the +Emperor Carolus he made a low and reverend courtesy; +whereat the Emperor Carolus would have stood up to receive +and greet him with the like reverence. Faustus took hold on +him, and would not permit him to do it. Shortly after Alexander +made humble reverence, and went out again, and coming +to the door, his paramour met him. She coming in, made +the emperor likewise reverence. She was clothed in blue +velvet, wrought and embroidered with pearls and gold; she +was also excellent fair, like blood and milk mixed, tall and +slender, with a face as round as an apple, and thus passed +they certain times up and down the house, which the +emperor marking, said to himself, "Now I have seen two +persons which my heart hath long wished to behold; and +sure it cannot otherwise be," said he to himself, "but that +the spirits have changed themselves into these forms, and +have but deceived me," calling to mind the woman that +raised the prophet Samuel. And for that the emperor should +be more satisfied in the matter, he said, "I have often +heard that behind in her neck she had a great wart or wen;" +wherefore he took Faustus by the hand without any words, +and went to see if it were able to be seen on her or not; +but she perceiving that he came to her, bowed down her +neck, where he saw a great wart, and hereupon she vanished, +leaving the emperor and the rest well contented.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch30" id="fch30"></a>CHAPTER XXX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus, in the sight of the Emperor,<br /> +conjured a Pair of +Hart's Horns upon a Knight's Head,<br /> +that slept out at a casement.</i></p> + + +<p>When Dr. Faustus had accomplished the emperor's desire +in all things as he was requested, he went forth into the +gallery, and leaning over a rail to look into the privy garden, +he saw many of the emperor's courtiers walking and talking +together, and casting his eyes now this way, now that way, +he espied a knight leaning out of the window of the great +hall, who was fast asleep (for in those days it was hot); but +the person shall be nameless that slept, for that he was a +knight, though it was all done to no little disgrace of the +gentleman. It pleased Dr. Faustus, through the help of his +spirit Mephistophiles, to fix on his head as he slept a huge +pair of hart's horns; and as the knight awaked, thinking to +pull in his head, he hit his horns against the glass, that the +panes thereof flew about his ears. Think here how this +good gentleman was vexed, for he could neither get backward +nor forward; which, when the emperor heard, all the +courtiers laughed, and came for to see what had happened. +The emperor also, when he beheld the knight with so fair +a head, laughed heartily thereat, and was therewith well +pleased. At last Faustus made him quit of his horns again, +but the knight perceived not how they came.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch31" id="fch31"></a>CHAPTER XXXI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How the above-mentioned Knight went about<br /> +to be revenged of +Dr. Faustus.</i> +</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus took his leave of the emperor and the rest +of the courtiers, at whose departure they were sorry, giving +him many rewards and gifts; but being a league and a half +out of the city, he came into a wood, where he beheld the +knight that he had jested with at the court with others in +harness, mounted upon fair palfreys, and running with full +charge towards Faustus; but he seeing their intent ran towards +the bushes, and before he came among the bushes he +returned again, running as it were to meet them that chased +him: whereupon suddenly all the bushes were turned into +horsemen, which also ran to encounter with the knight and +his company, and coming to them, they enclosed the knight +and the rest, and told them they must pay their ransom +before they departed; whereupon the knight seeing himself +in such distress, besought Faustus to be good to them, +which he denied not but let them loose; yet he so charmed +them, that every one, knight and other, for the space of a +whole month did wear a pair of goat's horns on their brows, +and every palfrey a pair of ox's horns on his head; and this +was their penance appointed by Faustus.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch32" id="fch32"></a>CHAPTER XXXII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How three young Dukes being together at Wittenburg,<br /> +to behold the University, requested Faustus<br /> + to help them at a Wish to the Town of Muncheon, in Bavaria,<br /> +there to see the Duke of Bavaria's Son's +Wedding.</i></p> + + +<p>Three worthy young dukes, the which are not here to be +named, but being students all together, at the university of +Wittenburg, met on a time all together, where they fell in +reasoning concerning the pomp and bravery that should be +in the city of Muncheon in Bavaria, at the wedding of the +duke's son, wishing themselves there but one half hour to +see the manner of their jollity; to whom one replied, saying +to the two other gentlemen, "If it please you to give me the +hearing, I will give you good counsel, that you may see the +wedding, and be here again to-night, and this is my meaning: +let us send to Dr. Faustus, make him a present of +some rare thing, and open our minds unto him, desiring him +to assist us in our enterprise, and assure ye he will not deny +to fulfil our request." Hereupon they all concluded: sent for +Faustus, told him their minds, and gave him a gift, and invited +him to a sumptuous banquet, wherewith Faustus was +well contented, and promised to further their journey to the +uttermost: and when the time was come that the three +young gentlemen came into his house, commanding them +that they would put on their best apparel, and adorn themselves +as rich as they could. He took off his great large +cloak, went into the garden that was adjoining unto his +house, and set the three young dukes upon his cloak, and +he himself in the midst: but he gave them in charge, that +in anywise they should not at once open their mouths to +speak, or make answer to any man so soon as they went out, +not so much as if the Duke of Bavaria or his son should +speak to them, or offer them courtesy, they should give no +word or answer again; to which they all agreed.</p> + +<p>These conditions being made, Dr. Faustus began to conjure, +and on a sudden arose a mighty wind, heaving up the +cloak, and so carried them away in the air, and in due time +they came unto Muncheon to the duke's court; where being +entered into the utmost court, the marshal had espied them, +who presently went to the duke, showing his grace that all +the lords and gentlemen were ready set at the table, notwithstanding +there were newly come three goodly gentlemen +with one servant, the which stood without in the court, +wherefore the good old duke came out unto them, welcoming +them, requiring what they were, and whence? But they +made no answer at all; whereat the duke wondered, thinking +they had been all dumb: notwithstanding for his +honour's sake he took them into the court, and feasted +them. Faustus notwithstanding spake to them, "If anything +happen otherwise than well, when I say, Sit up, then fall you +all on the cloak, and good enough."</p> + +<p>Well, the water being brought, and that they must wash, +one of the three had some manners as to desire his friend to +wash first, which when Faustus heard, he said, "Sit up;" and +all at once they got on the cloak, but he that spoke fell off +again, the other two with Dr. Faustus were again presently +at Wittenburg: but he that remained was taken and laid in +prison: wherefore the other two gentlemen were very sorrowful +for their friend, but Faustus comforted them, promising +that on the morrow he should also be at Wittenburg.</p> + +<p>Now all this while was the duke taken in great fear, and +strucken into an exceeding dumps, wondering with himself +that his hap was so hard to be left behind, and not the rest: +and now being locked and watched with so many keepers: +there was also certain of the guests that fell to reasoning +with him to know what he was, and also what the other +were that were vanished away? But the poor prisoner +thought with himself, "If I open what they are, then it will +be evil also with me." Wherefore all this while he gave +no man any answer, so that he was there a whole day and +gave no man a word: wherefore the old duke gave charge that +the next morning they should rack him until he had confessed; +which when the young duke heard, he began to +sorrow, and to say with himself, "It may be, that to-morrow +(if Dr. Faustus come not to aid me) I shall be racked and +grievously tormented, insomuch that I shall be constrained +by force to say more than willingly I would do."</p> + +<p>But he comforted himself with hope that his friends +would entreat Dr. Faustus about his deliverance, as also it +came to pass: for that before it was day, Dr. Faustus was +by him, and he conjured them that watched him into such +a heavy sleep, that he with his charms made open all the +locks in the prison, and therewithal brought the young +duke again in safety to the rest of his fellows and friends, +where they presented Faustus with a sumptuous gift, and so +departed one from another.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch33" id="fch33"></a>CHAPTER XXXIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus borrowed Money of a Jew,<br /> +and laid his own Leg in Pawn for it.</i></p> + +<p>It is a common proverb in Germany that, although a +conjurer have all things at command, the day will come +that he shall not be worth a penny: so it is like to fall out +with Dr. Faustus in promising the devil so largely; but as +the devil is the author of all lies, even so he led Faustus his +mind in practising things to deceive the people, and +blinding them, wherein he took his whole delight, thereby +to bring himself to riches. Notwithstanding, in the end he +was never the richer; and although during twenty-four +years of his time that the devil set him he wanted nothing, +yet was he best pleased when he might deceive anybody; +for out of the mightiest potentates' courts in all these +countries he would send his spirit to fetch away their +best cheer.</p> + +<p>And on a time, being in his merriment, where he was +banqueting with other students in an inn, thereunto +resorted many Jews; which when Dr. Faustus perceived, +he was minded to play a merry jest to deceive a Jew, +desiring one of them to lend him some money for a time. +The Jew was content, and lent Faustus threescore dollars +for a month, which time being expired, the Jew came for +his money and interest; but Dr. Faustus was never +minded to pay the Jew again. At length the Jew coming +home to his house, and calling importunately for his money, +Dr. Faustus made him this answer: "Jew, I have no money, +nor know I how to pay thee; but notwithstanding to the +end thou mayst be contented, I will cut off a limb of my +body, be it arm or leg, and the same thou shalt have in +pawn for thy money; yet with this condition, that when +I shall pay thee thy money again, then thou shalt give me +my limb."</p> + +<p>The Jew, that was never a friend to a Christian, +thought with himself, 'This fellow is right for my purpose, +that will lay his limbs in pawn for money,' and was +therewith very well content. Wherefore Dr. Faustus took +a saw and therewith seemed to cut off his leg, being +notwithstanding nothing so. Well, he gave it to the Jew, +yet upon this condition, when he got money to pay the +Jew should deliver him his leg, to the end he might set it +on again.</p> + +<p>The Jew was with this matter very well pleased, took his +leg and departed; and having to go far home he was +somewhat weary, and by the way he thus bethought him: +"What helpeth me a knave's leg? If I should carry it +home it would stink and infect my house; besides, it is +too hard a piece of work to set it on again: wherefore, +what an ass was Faustus to lay so great a pawn for so small +a sum of money! And for my part," quoth the Jew to +himself, "this will never profit me anything;" and with +these words he cast the leg away from him into a ditch.</p> + +<p>All this Dr. Faustus knew right well, therefore within +three days after sent for the Jew to make him payment of +his sixty dollars. The Jew came, and Dr. Faustus demanded +his pawn—there was his money ready for him. +The Jew answered, "The pawn was not profitable nor +necessary for anything, so I cast it away." But Faustus, +threatening, replied, "I will have my leg again, or else one of +thine for it." The Jew fell to intreat, promising him to give +him what money he would ask if he would not deal strictly +with him. Wherefore the Jew was constrained to give him +sixty dollars more to be rid of him; and yet Faustus had +his leg on, for he had but blinded the Jew.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch34" id="fch34"></a>CHAPTER XXXIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus deceived the Horse-courser.</i></p> + +<p>After this manner he deceived a horse-courser at a fair, +called Pheifering: for Faustus, through his conjuring, had +gotten an excellent fair horse, whereupon he rid to the +fair, where he had many chapmen that offered him money; +lastly, he sold him for forty dollars, and willing him that +bought him, that in anywise he should not ride him over +the water. But the horse-courser marvelled with himself +that Faustus bade him ride over no water. "But," quoth +he, "I will prove;" and forthwith he rid him into the +river. Presently the horse vanished from under him, and +he was left on a bottle of straw, insomuch that the man was +almost drowned.</p> + +<p>The horse-courser knew well where he lay that had sold +him his horse; whereupon he went angerly to his inn, +where he found Dr. Faustus fast asleep and snorting on a +bed. But the horse-courser could no longer forbear him, +but took him by the leg and began to pull him off the bed; +but he pulled him so that he pulled his leg from his body, +insomuch that the horse-courser fell backwards in the +place. Then began Dr. Faustus to cry with open throat, +"He hath murdered me." Hereat the horse-courser was +afraid, and gave the flight, thinking no other with himself +but that he had pulled his leg from his body. By this +means Dr. Faustus kept his money.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch35" id="fch35"></a>CHAPTER XXXV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus ate a Load of Hay.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus being at a town in Germany called Zwickow, +where he was accompanied with many doctors and masters, +and going forth to walk after supper, they met with a clown +that drew a load of hay.</p> + +<p>"Good even, good fellow," said Faustus to the clown, +"what shall I give thee to let me eat my bellyful of hay?" +The clown thought with himself, "What a madman is this +to eat hay." Thought he with himself, "Thou wilt not eat +much." They agreed for three farthings he should eat as +much as he could.</p> + +<p>Wherefore Dr. Faustus began to eat, and so ravenously, +that all the rest of the company fell a-laughing; blinding +so the poor clown that he was sorry at his heart, for he +seemed to have eaten more than half of the hay; wherefore +the clown began to speak him fair, for fear he should have +eaten the other half also. Faustus made as though he +had pity on the clown, and went away. When the clown +came in the place where he would be, he had his hay again +as he had before, a full load.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch36" id="fch36"></a>CHAPTER XXXVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus served the Twelve Students.</i></p> + +<p>At Wittenburg, before Faustus's house, there was a quarrel +between seven students, and five that came to part the rest, +one part stronger than the other. Wherefore Dr. Faustus, +seeing them to be over-matched, conjured them all blind, +insomuch that the one could not see the other, and he dealt +so with them, that they fought and smote at one another +still; whereat all the beholders fell a-laughing; and thus they +continued blind, beating one another until the people parted +them and led each one to his own house, where being +entered into their houses, they received their sight presently +again.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch37" id="fch37"></a>CHAPTER XXXVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus served the Drunken Clowns.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus went into an inn wherein were many tables +full of clowns, the which were tippling can after can of +excellent wine; and to be short, they were all drunken; and +as they sate, they so sang and holloaed, that one could not +hear a man speak for them. This angered Dr. Faustus; +wherefore he said to them that called him in, "Mark, my +masters, I will show a merry jest."</p> + +<p>The clowns continued still holloaing and singing; he +conjured them that their mouths stood as wide open as it +was possible for them to hold them, and never a one of +them was able to close his mouth again; by-and-by the noise +was gone; the clowns notwithstanding looked earnest one +upon another, and knew not what was happened. One by +one they went out, and so soon as they came without, they +were all as well as ever they were, but none of them desired +to go in any more.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch38" id="fch38"></a>CHAPTER XXXVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus sold five Swine for six Dollars apiece.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus began another jest. He made ready five fat +swine the which he sold to one for six dollars apiece, upon +this condition, that the swine-driver should not drive them +into the water. Dr. Faustus went home again, and as the +swine had fouled themselves in the mud, the swine-driver +drove them into the water, where presently they were +changed into so many bundles of straw, swimming upright +in the water. The buyer looked wistfully upon them, and +was sorry in his heart; but he knew not where to find +Faustus; so he was content to let all go, and lose both +money and hogs.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch39" id="fch39"></a>CHAPTER XXXIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus played a merry Jest +with the Duke of Anhalt<br /> in his Court.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus on a time went to the Duke of Anhalt, who +welcomed him very courteously. This was in the month of +January; where sitting at table, he perceived the duchess +to be with child; and forbearing himself until the meat was +taken from the table, and that they brought in the banqueting +dishes, Dr. Faustus said to the duchess, "Gracious +lady, I have always heard that women with child do always +long for some dainties; I beseech therefore your grace, +hide not your mind from me, but tell me what you desire +to eat."</p> + +<p>She answered him: "Dr. Faustus, now truly I will not +hide from you what my heart doth much desire; namely, +that if it were now harvest, I would eat my fill of grapes and +other dainty fruit."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus answered hereupon: "Gracious lady, this is +a small thing for me to do, for I can do more than this." +Wherefore he took a plate and set it upon one of the casements +of the window, holding it forth, where incontinent +he had his dish full of all manner of fruit, as red and white +grapes, pears, and apples, the which came from out of strange +countries. All these he presented to the duchess, saying: +"Madam, I pray you vouchsafe to taste of this dainty fruit, +the which came from a far country, for there the summer is +not yet ended." The duchess thanked Faustus highly, and +she fell to her fruit with full appetite.</p> + +<p>The Duke of Anhalt notwithstanding could not withhold +to ask Faustus with what reason there were such young +fruits to be had at that time of the year?</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus told him: "May it please your grace to +understand, that the year is divided into two circles of the +whole world, that when with us it is winter, in the contrary +circle it is notwithstanding summer; for in India and Saba +there falleth or setteth a sun, so that it is so warm, that they +have twice a year fruit; and, gracious lord, I have a swift +spirit, the which can in a twinkling of an eye fulfil my desire +in anything; wherefore I sent him into those countries, who +hath brought this fruit as you see;" whereat the duke +greatly admired.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch40" id="fch40"></a>CHAPTER XL.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus, through his Charms, made a great Castle<br /> +in the presence of the Duke of Anhalt.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus desired the Duke of Anhalt to walk a little +forth of the court with him; wherefore they went together +in the field, where Dr. Faustus (through his skill) had placed +a mighty castle, which when the duke saw he wondered +thereat, so did the duchess and all the beholders, that on +that hill which is called Rohumbuel, should on the sudden +be so fair a castle. At length Dr. Faustus desired the duke +and duchess to walk with him into the castle, which they +denied not. This castle was so wonderful strong, having +about it a great deep trench of water, the which was full of +fish, and all manner of water-fowl, as swans, ducks, geese, +bitterns, and such like; about the wall was five stone doors, +and two other doors also; within was a great open court, +wherein was enchanted all manner of wild beasts, especially +such as was not to be found in Germany, as apes, bears, +buffes, antelopes, and many more strange beasts; also there +were harts, hinds, roebucks, and does, and wild swine; all +manner of land-fowl that any man could think on, which +flew from one tree to another.</p> + +<p>After all this he set his guests to the table, being the duke +and duchess, with all their train, for he had provided them +a most sumptuous feast both of meat, and also of drink; for +he set nine messes of meat upon the board at once. And all +this must his Wagner do, to place all things on the board, the +which was brought unto him by the spirit invisibly, of all things +their hearts could desire, as wild-fowl, venison, and all manner +of dainty fish that could be thought on. Of wine also +great plenty, and of divers sorts, French wine, Cullen wine, +Crabashir wine, Renish wine, Spanish wine, Hungarian wine, +Waszburg wine, Malmsey, and Sack; in the whole there was +one hundred cans standing round about the house.</p> + +<p>This sumptuous banquet the duke took thankfully, and +afterwards he departed homeward; but to their thinking they +had neither eat nor drank, so were they blinded while they +were in the castle. But as they were in their palace, they +looked towards the castle, and beheld it all on a flame of fire, +and all those that saw it wondered to hear so strange a noise, +as if a great ordnance had been shot off. And thus the castle +burned and consumed clean away; which done, Dr. Faustus +returned to the duke, who gave him great thanks for showing +of him so great a courtesy, and gave him a hundred dollars, +and liberty to depart or stay there at his own discretion.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch41" id="fch41"></a>CHAPTER XLI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus, with his Company,<br /> +visited the Bishop of Salisburg's Wine-cellar.</i></p> + +<p> +Dr. Faustus having taken leave of the duke, he went to +Wittenburg, near about Shrovetide, and being in company +with certain students, Dr. Faustus was himself the God of +Bacchus, who having well feasted the students before with +dainty fare, after the manner of Germany, where it is counted +no feast unless all the bidden guests be drunk, which Dr. +Faustus intending, said, "Gentlemen, and my guests, will it +please you to take a cup of wine with me in a place or cellar +whereunto I will bring you?" They all said willingly, "We +will;" which, when Dr. Faustus heard, he took them forth, +set each of them upon a holly-wand, and so was conjured into +the Bishop of Salisburg's cellar, for thereabouts grew excellent +pleasant wine. There fell Faustus and his company +a-drinking and swilling, not of the worst, but of the best.</p> + +<p>And as they were merry in the cellar, came to draw drink +the bishop's butler; which when he perceived so many persons +there, he cried with a loud voice, "Thieves, thieves!" +This spited Dr. Faustus wonderfully, wherefore he made +every one of his company to sit on their holly-wand, and so +vanished away. And in parting, Dr. Faustus took the butler +by the hair of the head, and carried him away with them, +until they came to a mighty high-lopped tree; and on the +top of that huge tree he set the butler, where he remained +in a most fearful perplexity.</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus departed to his house, where they took their +valete one after another, drinking the wine that they had +stolen in their bottles out of the bishop's cellar. The butler, +that had held himself by the hands upon the lopped tree all +the night, was almost frozen with the cold, espying the day, +and seeing the tree of huge great highness, thought with +himself, "It is impossible to come off this tree without +peril of death." At length, espying certain clowns passing +by, he cried, "For the love of God help me down!" The +clowns, seeing him so high, wondered what madman would +climb up so huge a tree; wherefore, as a thing most miraculous, +they carried tidings to the Bishop of Salisburg. Then +was there great running on every side to see him on the tree, +and many devices they practised to get him down with ropes, +and being demanded of the bishop how he came there, he +said that he was brought thither, by the hair of the head, by +certain thieves that were robbing of the wine-cellar, but what +they were he knew not; "for," said he, "they had faces like +men, but they wrought like devils."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h4><a name="fch42" id="fch42"></a>CHAPTER XLII.</h4> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus kept his Shrovetide.</i></p> + +<p>There were seven students and masters that studied +divinity, jurisprudentiæ, and medicinæ. All these having +consented, were agreed to visit Dr. Faustus, and to celebrate +Shrovetide with him; who being come to his house, he gave +them their welcome, for they were his dear friends, desiring +them to sit down, where he served them with a very good +supper of hens, fish, and other roast, yet were they but +slightly cheered; wherefore Dr. Faustus comforted his +guests, excusing himself that they had stolen upon him so +suddenly, that he had not leisure to provide for them so well +as they were worthy. "But, my good friends," quoth he, +"according to the use of our country, we must drink all +this night; and so a draught of the best wine bedwards is +commendable. For you know that in great potentates' +courts they use at this night great feasting, the like will I +do for you; for I have three great flagons of wine: the first is +full of Hungarian wine, containing eight gallons; the second +of Italian wine, containing seven gallons; the third containing +six gallons of Spanish wine; all the which we will tipple +up before it be day. Besides, we have fifteen dishes of +meat, the which my spirit Mephistophiles hath fetched so +far, that it was cold before he brought it, and they are all +full of the daintiest things that one's heart can devise. But," +saith Faustus, "I must make them hot again; and you may +believe me, gentlemen, that this is no blinding of you; +whereas you think that this is no natural food, verily it is as +good and as pleasant as ever you eat."</p> + +<p>And having ended his tale, he commanded his boy to lay +his cloth, which done, he served them with fifteen messes +of meat, having three dishes in a mess; in the which were all +manner of venison, and dainty wild-fowl; and for wine there +was no lack, as Italian wine, Hungarian wine, and Spanish +wine; and when they were all made drunk, and that they had +eaten their good cheer, they began to sing and dance until +it was day. And so they departed every one to his own +habitation; at whose departing, Dr. Faustus desired them +to be his guests again the next day following.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch43" id="fch43"></a>CHAPTER XLIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus feasted his Guests on Ash Wednesday.</i></p> + +<p>Upon Ash Wednesday came unto Dr. Faustus his bidden +guests, the students, whom he feasted very royally, insomuch +that they were all full and lusty, dancing and singing +as the night before; and when the high glasses and goblets +were caroused one to another, Dr. Faustus began to play +them some pretty feats, insomuch that round about the hall +was heard most pleasant music, and that in sundry places: +in this corner a lute, in another a cornet, in another a +cittern, clarigols, harp, hornpipe, in fine, all manner of +music was heard there in that instant; whereat all the +glasses and goblets, cups, and pots, dishes, and all that +stood upon the board began to dance. Then Dr. Faustus +took ten stone pots and set them down on the floor, +where presently they began to dance, and to smite one +against another, that the shivers flew round about the whole +house, whereat the whole company fell a-laughing. Then +began he another jest: he set an instrument upon the table, +and caused a mighty great ape to come among them, which +ape began to dance and skip, showing them merry conceits.</p> + +<p>In this and such pastime they passed away the whole day. +When night being come Dr. Faustus bid them all to supper, +which they lightly agreed unto, for students in these cases +are easily intreated; wherefore he promised to feast them +with a banquet of fowl, and afterwards they would go all +about with a mask. Then Dr. Faustus put forth a long +pole out of the window, whereupon presently there came +innumerable numbers of birds and wild-fowl, and so many +as came had not the power to fly away again; but he took +them and flung them to the students, who lightly pulled off +the necks of them, and being roasted, they made their +supper, which being ended, they made themselves ready for +the mask.</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus commanded every one to put on a clean +shirt over the other clothes, which being done, they looked +one upon another. It seemed to each one of them that they +had no heads; and so they went forth unto certain of their +neighbours, at which sight the people were most wonderfully +afraid; and as the use of Germany is, that wheresoever +a mask entereth the good man of the house must feast him, +so as these maskers were set to their banquet, they seemed +again in their former shape with heads, insomuch that they +were all known whom they were; and having sat and well +eat and drank, Dr. Faustus made that every one had an +ass's head on, with great long ears, so they fell to dancing +and to drive away the time until it was midnight, and then +every one departed home; and as soon as they were out of +the house, each one was in his natural shape, and so they +ended and went to sleep.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch44" id="fch44"></a>CHAPTER XLIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus the Day following was feasted<br /> +by the Students,<br /> and of +his merry Jests with them while he was in their Company.</i></p> + + +<p>The last bacchanalia was held on Thursday, where ensued +a great snow, and Dr. Faustus was invited unto the students +that were with him the day before, where they prepared an +excellent banquet for him, which banquet being ended, Dr. +Faustus began to play his old projects. And forthwith was in +the place thirteen apes, that took hands and danced round +in a ring together; then they fell to tumbling and vaulting +one after another, that it was most pleasant to behold; then +they leaped out of the window and vanished away. Then +they set before Dr. Faustus a roasted calf's head, which +one of the students cut a piece off, and laid it on Dr. +Faustus his trencher, which piece was no sooner laid down +but the calf's head began to cry mainly out like a man, +"Murder, murder! Out, alas! what dost thou to me?" +Whereat they were all amazed, but after a while, considering +of Faustus's jesting tricks, they began to laugh, and they +pulled asunder the calf's head and eat it up.</p> + +<p>Whereupon Dr. Faustus asked leave to depart, but they +would in nowise agree to let him go, except that he would +promise to come again presently. Then Faustus, through +his cunning, made a sledge, the which was drawn about +the house with four fiery dragons. This was fearful for the +students to behold, for they saw Faustus ride up and down, +as though he would have fired and slain all them that were +in the house. This sport continued until midnight, with +such a noise that they could not hear one another; the +heads of the students were so light that they thought themselves +to be in the air all that time.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch45" id="fch45"></a>CHAPTER XLV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus showed the fair Helena unto the Students<br /> +upon the Sunday following.</i></p> + + +<p>The Sunday following came the students home to Dr. +Faustus his own house, and brought their meat and drink +with them. Those men were right welcome guests unto +Faustus, wherefore they all fell to drinking of wine smoothly; +and being merry, they began some of them to talk of beauty +of women, and every one gave forth his verdict what he +had seen, and what he had heard. So one amongst the +rest said, "I was never so desirous of anything in this +world as to have a sight (if it were possible) of fair Helena +of Greece, for whom the worthy town of Troy was destroyed +and razed down to the ground; therefore," saith he, "that +in all men's judgments she was more than commonly fair, +because that when she was stolen away from her husband +there was for her recovery so great bloodshed."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus answered: "For that you are all my friends, +and are so desirous to see that stately pearl of Greece, fair +Helena, the wife to King Menelaus, and daughter of +Tyndarus and Leda, sister to Castor and Pollux, who was +the fairest lady of all Greece, I will therefore bring her +into your presence personally, and in the same form and +attire as she used to go when she was in her chiefest flower +and choicest prime of youth. The like have I done for +the Emperor Carolus Magnus; at his desire I showed him +Alexander the Great, and his paramour. But," said Dr. +Faustus, "I charge you all that upon your perils you speak +not a word, nor rise up from the table so long as she is in +your presence."</p> + +<p>And so he went out of the hall, returning presently +again, after whom immediately followed the fair and +beautiful Helena, whose beauty was such that the students +were all amazed to see her, esteeming her rather to be an +heavenly than an earthly creature. This lady appeared before +them in a most rich gown of purple velvet, costly embroidered; +her hair hanging down loose, as fair as the beaten +gold, and of such length that it reached down to her hams; +having most amorous coal-black eyes; a sweet and pleasant +round face, with lips as red as any cherry; her cheeks of a +rose colour, her mouth small; her neck white like a swan, +tall and slender of personage; in sum, there was no +imperfect place in her. She looked round about her with a +rolling hawk's eye, a smiling and wanton countenance, which +near hand inflamed the hearts of all the students, but that +they persuaded themselves she was a spirit, which made +them lightly pass away such fancies; and thus fair Helena +and Faustus went out again one with another.</p> + +<p>But the students, at Faustus entering in the hall again, +requested him to let them see her again the next day, for +that they will bring with them a painter to take a +counterfeit, which he denied, affirming that he could not +always raise up his spirit, but only at certain times. "Yet," +said he, "I will give unto you her counterfeit, which shall +be as good to you as if yourself should see the drawing +thereof;" which they received according to his promise, but +soon after lost it again. The students departed from +Faustus to their several lodgings, but none of them could +sleep that night for thinking of the beauty of fair Helena; +therefore a man may see how the devil blindeth and +inflameth the heart oftentimes, that men fall in love with +harlots, from which their minds can afterwards be hardly +removed.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch46" id="fch46"></a>CHAPTER XLVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus conjured the four Wheels from the Clown's +Waggon.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus was sent for to come to the Marshal of +Brunswick, who was marvellously troubled with the falling +sickness. Now Faustus had this quality, he seldom rid, +but commonly walked afoot to ease himself when he list; +and as he came near unto the town of Brunswick there +overtook him a clown with four horses and an empty +waggon, to whom Dr. Faustus (jestingly, to try him) said: +"I pray thee, good fellow, let me ride a little to ease +my weary legs;" which the buzzardly ass denied, saying +that his horse was weary; and he would not let him +get up.</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus did this but to prove this clown if there were +any courtesy to be found in him if need were; but such +churlishness is usually found among clowns. But he was +well requited by Faustus, even with the like payment: for +he said to him, "Thou dotish clown, void of all humanity, +seeing thou art of so churlish a disposition, I will pay thee +as thou hast deserved, for the four wheels of thy waggon +thou shalt have taken from thee; let me see then how thou +canst shift." Whereupon his wheels were gone, his horses +fell also down to the ground as though they had been +dead; whereat the clown was sore affrighted, measuring it +as a just scourge of God for his sins and churlishness. +Wherefore with a trembling and wailing he humbly +besought Dr. Faustus to be good unto him, confessing he +was worthy of it; notwithstanding if it pleased him to +forgive him he would hereafter do better. Which submission +made Faustus his heart to relent, answering him on +this manner: "Well, do so no more; but when a poor +man desireth thee, see that thou let him ride. But yet thou +shalt not go altogether clear, for although thou have again +thy four wheels, yet thou shalt fetch them at the four gates +of the city." So he threw dust on the horses and revived +them again. And the clown for his churlishness was fain to +fetch his wheels, spending his time with weariness; whereas +if before he had showed a little kindness he might quietly +have gone about his business.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch47" id="fch47"></a>CHAPTER XLVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How four Jugglers cut one another's Heads off, and set them on +again,<br /> +and Faustus deceived them.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus came in Lent unto Frankland fair, where his +spirit Mephistophiles gave him to understand that in an +inn were four jugglers that cut one another's heads off: and +after their cutting off sent them to the barber to be +trimmed, which many people saw.</p> + +<p>This angered Faustus, for he meant to have himself the +only cook in the devil's banquet, and went to the place +where they were, to beguile them, and as the jugglers were +together, ready one to cut off another's head, there stood +also the barber ready to trim them, and by them upon the +table stood likewise a glass full of stilled waters, and he that +was the chiefest among them stood by it. Thus they began; +they smote off the head of the first, and presently there was +a lily in the glass of distilled water, where Faustus perceived +this lily as it was springing, and the chief juggler named it +the tree of life. Thus dealt he with the first, making the +barber wash and comb his head, and then he set it on +again. Presently the lily vanished away out of the water; +hereat the man had his head whole and sound again. The +like did he with the other two; and as the turn and lot came +to the chief juggler, that he also should be beheaded, and +that this lily was most pleasant, fair, and flourishing green, +they smote his head off, and when it came to be barbed, it +troubled Faustus his conscience, insomuch that he could not +abide to see another do anything, for he thought himself to +be the principal conjurer in the world; wherefore Dr. +Faustus went to the table whereat the other jugglers kept +that lily, and so he took a small knife and cut off the stalk +of the lily, saying to himself, "None of them shall blind +Faustus." Yet no man saw Faustus to cut the lily; but +when the rest of the jugglers thought to have set on their +master's head, they could not; wherefore they looked on the +lily, and found it bleeding. By this means the juggler was +beguiled, and so died in his wickedness; yet no one +thought that Dr. Faustus had done it.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch48" id="fch48"></a>CHAPTER XLVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How an old Man, the Neighbour of Faustus, sought to persuade him<br /> +to mend his Life, and to fall unto Repentance.</i></p> + +<p>A good Christian, an honest and virtuous old man, a +lover of the Holy Scriptures, who was neighbour to Dr. +Faustus, when he perceived that many students had their +recourse in and out unto Dr. Faustus, he suspected his +evil life, wherefore like a friend he invited Dr. Faustus +to supper unto his house, to which he agreed, and having +entered their banquet, the old man began with these words:</p> + +<p>"My loving friend and neighbour, Dr. Faustus, I am to +desire of you a friendly and Christian request, beseeching +you would vouchsafe not to be angry with me, but friendly +resolve me in my doubt, and take my poor inviting in good +part." +</p> +<p>To whom Dr. Faustus answered, "My good neighbour, +I pray you say your mind."</p> + +<p>Then began the old patron to say, "My good neighbour, +you know in the beginning how that you have defied God +and all the host of heaven, and given your soul to the +devil, wherewith you have incurred God's high displeasure, +and are become from a Christian far worse than a heathen +person. Oh! consider what you have done, it is not only the +pleasure of the body, but the safety of the soul that you must +have respect unto; of which, if you be careless, then are you +cast away, and shall remain in the anger of the Almighty God. +But yet it is time enough, O Faustus! if you repent, and call +upon the Lord for mercy, as we have example in the Acts +of the Apostles, the eighth chapter, of Simon in Samaria, +who was led out of the way, affirming that he was Simon +homo sanctus. This man notwithstanding in the end, was +converted, after he had heard the sermon of Philip, for he +was baptized and saw his sin and repented. Likewise I +beseech you, good brother, Dr. Faustus, let my rude sermon +be unto you a conversion, and forget thy filthy life that thou +hast led, repent, ask mercy, and live: for Christ saith, +'Come unto me all ye that are weary and heavy laden, and I +will refresh you.' And in Ezekiel, 'I desire not the death of +a sinner, but rather that he will convert and live.' Let my +words, good brother Faustus, pierce into your adamant +heart, and desire God for his Son Christ his sake to forgive +you. Wherefore have you lived so long in your devilish +practices, knowing that in the Old and New Testament you +are forbidden, and men should not suffer any such to live, +neither have any conversation with them, for it is an +abomination unto the Lord, and that such persons have no +part in the kingdom of God."</p> + +<p>All this while Dr. Faustus heard him very attentively, and +replied: "Father, your persuasions like me wondrous well, +and I thank you with all my heart for your good will and +counsel, promising you, as far as I may, to allow your +discipline." Whereupon he took his leave, and being come +home, he laid him very pensive on his bed, bethinking himself +of the words of this old man, and in a manner began to +repent that he had given his soul to the devil, intending to +deny all that he had promised to Lucifer.</p> + +<p>Continuing in these cogitations, suddenly his spirit +appeared unto him, clapping him upon the head, and wrung +it as though he would have pulled his head from his +shoulders, saying unto him, "Thou knowest, Faustus, that +thou hast given thyself, body and soul, to my lord Lucifer, +and thou hast vowed thyself an enemy to God and to all +men; and now thou beginnest to hearken to an old doting +fool, which persuadeth thee as it were to good, when indeed it +is too late, for thou art the devil's, and he hath great power +presently to fetch thee. Wherefore he hath sent me unto +thee to tell thee, that seeing thou hast sorrowed for that +which thou hast done, begin again, and write another writing +with thine own blood; if not, then will I tear thee in +pieces."</p> + +<p>Hereat Dr. Faustus was sore afraid, and said, "My +Mephistophiles, I will write again what thou wilt." Then +presently he sat him down, and with his own blood wrote +as followeth: which writing was afterwards sent to a dear +friend of Faustus, being his kinsman.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch49" id="fch49"></a>CHAPTER XLIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus wrote the second time with his own Blood,<br /> +and gave it to the Devil.</i></p> + + +<p><big>I</big>, <big>Dr. John Faustus</big>, <i>do acknowledge by this my deed and +handwriting, that since my first writing, which is seventeen +years past, I have right willingly held, and have been an utter +enemy to God and all men; the which I once again confirm, +and give fully and wholly myself unto the devil, both body and +soul, even unto great Lucifer, and that at the end of seven +years ensuing after the date hereof, he shall have to do with me +according as it pleaseth him, either to lengthen or shorten my +life as it pleaseth him; and hereupon I renounce all persuaders, +that seek to withdraw me from my purpose by the +word of God, either ghostly or bodily; and farther I will +never give ear to any man, be he spiritual or temporal, that +moveth any matter for the salvation of my soul. Of all this +writing, and that therein contained, be witness my blood, +which with my own hands I have begun and ended. Dated +at Wittenburg, the 25th of July.</i></p> + +<p>And presently upon the making of this writing, he became +so great an enemy to the poor old man, that he sought his +life by all means possible; but this good old man was strong +in the Holy Ghost, that he could not be vanquished by any +means; for about two days after that he had exhorted Faustus, +as the poor old man lay in his bed, suddenly there was a +mighty rumbling in the chamber, which he was never wont +to hear, and he heard as it had been the groaning of a +sow, which lasted long: whereupon the good old man +began to jest and mock, and said, "Oh! what barbarian +cry is this? Oh, fair bird! what foul music is this? A +fair angel, that could not tarry two days in this place? +Beginnest thou now to turn into a poor man's house, where +thou hast no power, and wert not able to keep thine own +two days?" With these and such like words the spirit +departed; and when he came home, Faustus asked him +how he had sped with the old man, to whom the spirit +answered: "The old man was harnessed so, that he could not +once lay hold upon him;" but he would not tell how the +old man had mocked him, for the devils can never abide +to hear of their fall. Thus doth God defend the hearts of +all honest Christians that betake themselves to his tuition.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch50" id="fch50"></a>CHAPTER L.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus made a Marriage between two Lovers.</i></p> + + +<p>In the city of Wittenburg was a student, a gallant gentleman, +named N. N. This gentleman was far in love with +a gentlewoman, fair and proper of personage: this gentlewoman +had a knight that was a suitor unto her, and many +other gentlemen, which desired her in marriage, but none +could obtain her. So it was that in despair with himself, +that he pined away to skin and bones.</p> + +<p>But when he opened the matter to Dr. Faustus, he asked +counsel of his spirit Mephistophiles, the which told him +what to do. Hereupon Dr. Faustus went home to the +gentleman, who bade him be of good cheer, for he should +have his desire, for he would help him to that he wished +for, and that this gentlewoman should love none other but +him only: wherefore Dr. Faustus so changed the mind of +the damsel by the practice he wrought, that she could +do no other thing but think on him whom before she had +hated, neither cared she for any man but him alone. The +device was thus: Faustus commanded the gentleman that +he should clothe himself in all the best apparel that he had, +and that he should go unto the gentlewoman and show +himself, giving him a ring, commanding him in anywise +that he should dance with her before he departed; who +following his counsel, went to her, and when they began to +dance, they that were suitors began to take every one his +lady by the hand; this gentleman took her who before had +so disdained him, and in the dance he put the ring into her +hand that Faustus had given him, which she no sooner +touched, but she fell presently in love with him, smiling at +him in the dance, and many times winking at him, rolling +her eyes, and in the end she asked him if he could love her, +and make her his wife. He gladly answered that he was +content; whereupon they concluded, and were married by +the means and help of Faustus, for which the gentleman +well rewarded him.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch51" id="fch51"></a>CHAPTER LI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus led his Friends into his Garden at Christmas,<br /> +and showed them many strange Sights,<br /> + in the nineteenth Year.</i></p> + + +<p>In December, about Christmas, in the city of Wittenburg, +were many young gentlemen, which were come out of the +country to be merry with their friends, amongst whom there +were certain well acquainted with Dr. Faustus, who often +invited them home unto his house. They being there on a +certain time, after dinner he had them into his garden, +where they beheld all manner of flowers and fresh herbs, +and trees bearing fruit, and blossoms of all sorts; who wondered +to see that his garden should so flourish at that time, +as in the midst of the summer, when abroad in the streets +and all the country lay full of snow and ice; wherefore this +was noted of them as a thing miraculous, every one gathering +and carrying away all such things as they best liked, +and so departed, delighted with their sweet-smelling +flowers.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch52" id="fch52"></a>CHAPTER LII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus gathered together<br /> +a great Army of Men in his extremity, against<br /> + a Knight that would have Conjured him on his +own Journey.</i></p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus travelled towards Evzeleben, and when he +was nigh half the way, he espied seven horsemen, and the +chief of them he knew to be the knight with whom he had +jested in the emperor's court, for he had left a great pair of +hart's horns upon his head; and when the knight now saw +that he had a fit opportunity to be revenged of Faustus, he +ran upon him, and those that were with him, to mischief +himself, intending privily to slay him; which when Faustus +espied, he vanished away into a wood that was hard by +them, but when the knight perceived that he was vanished +away, he caused his men to stand still; but where they remained, +they heard all manner of warlike instruments of +music, as drums, flutes, trumpets, and such like, and a certain +troop of horsemen running towards them; then they +turned another way, and were also met on that side; then +another way, and yet were freshly assaulted, so that which +way soever they turned themselves, they were encountered, +insomuch that when the knight perceived that he could +escape no way, but that his enemies lay on him which way +soever he offered to fly, he took good heart, and ran +amongst the thickest, and thought with himself better to +die than to live with so great infamy; therefore being at +handy blows with them, he demanded the cause why they +should so use them? But none of them would give him +answer, until Dr. Faustus showed himself unto the knight; +whereupon they enclosed him round, and Dr. Faustus said +unto him, "Sir, yield your weapon and yourself, otherwise +it will go hard with you."</p> + +<p>The knight knew no other but that he was conjured with +a host of men, whereas indeed they were none other but +devils, yielded; then Faustus took away his sword, his +piece, and horse, with all the rest of his companions. And +farther he said unto him: "Sir, the chiefest general of our +army hath commanded me to deal with you, according to +the law of arms; you shall depart in peace, whither you +please." And then he gave the knight a horse, after the +manner, and set him thereon, so he rode, the rest went on +foot, until they came to their inn where he being alighted, +his page rode on his horse to the water, and presently the +horse vanished away, the page being almost sunk and +drowned, but he escaped; and coming home, the knight +perceiving the page to be bemired, and on foot, asked where +his horse was; who answered, that he was vanished away. +Which when the knight heard, he said, "Of a truth this is +Faustus his doing, for he serveth me now, as he did before +at the court, only to make me a scorn and laughing-stock."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch53" id="fch53"></a>CHAPTER LIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus used Mephistophiles, to bring him<br /> +seven of the fairest Women he could find in all the Countries<br /> +he had travelled the twenty Years.</i></p> + + +<p>When Dr. Faustus called to mind that his time from day to +day drew nigh, he began to live a swinish and epicurish +life. Wherefore he commanded his spirit Mephistophiles to +bring him seven of the fairest women that he had seen in all +the times of his travel; which being brought, he liked them +so well that he continued with them in all manner of love, +and made them to travel with him all his journeys. These +women were two Netherland, one Hungarian, one Scottish, +two Walloon, one Franklander. And with these sweet personages +he continued long, yea, even to his last end.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch54" id="fch54"></a>CHAPTER LIV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus found a Mass of Money,<br /> +when he had consumed twenty-two of his Years.</i></p> + + +<p>To the end that the devil would make Faustus his only heir, +he showed unto him where he should go and find a mighty +huge mass of money, and that he should find it in an old +chapel that was fallen down, half a mile distance from Wittenburg. +There he bade him to dig, and he should find it, +which he did; and having digged reasonable deep, he saw +a mighty huge serpent, which lay on the treasure itself; the +treasure itself lay like a huge light burning; but Dr. Faustus +charmed the serpent, that he crept into a hole, and when he +digged deeper to get up the treasure, he found nothing but +coals of fire. There he also saw and heard many that were +tormented; yet notwithstanding he brought away the coals, +and when he was come home, it was turned into silver and +gold; and after his death it was found by his servant, which +was almost, by estimation, one thousand guilders.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch55" id="fch55"></a>CHAPTER LV.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus made the Spirit of fair Helena of Greece<br /> +his own Paramour in his twenty-third Year.</i></p> + +<p>To the end that this miserable Faustus might fill the lust of +his flesh and live in all manner of voluptuous pleasure, it +came in his mind, after he had slept his first sleep, and in +the twenty-third year past of his time, that he had a great +desire to lie with fair Helena of Greece, especially her whom +he had seen and shown unto the students at Wittenburg; +wherefore he called his spirit Mephistophiles, commanding +him to bring to him the fair Helena, which he +also did.</p> + +<p>Whereupon he fell in love with her, and made her his +common companion, for she was so beautiful and delightful +that he could not be an hour from her; if he should therefore +have suffered death, she had stolen away his heart, and +to his seeming in time she had child, whom Faustus named +Justus Faustus. The child told Dr. Faustus many things +which were done in foreign countries, but in the end, +when Faustus lost his life, the mother and the child vanished +away both together.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch56" id="fch56"></a>CHAPTER LVI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus made his Will, in which he named<br /> +his Servant +Wagner to be his Heir.</i></p> + + +<p>Dr. Faustus was now in his twenty-fourth and last year, +and he had a pretty stripling to his servant, which had studied +also at the university of Wittenburg. This youth was very +well acquainted with his knaveries and sorceries, so that he +was hated as well for his own knavery as also for his +master's, for no man would give him entertainment into his +service because of his unhappiness but Faustus. This +Wagner was so well beloved of Faustus that he used him as +his son, for do what he would, his master was always therewith +contented.</p> + +<p>And then when the time drew nigh that Faustus should +end, he called unto him a notary and certain masters, the +which were his friends and often conversant with him, in +whose presence he gave this Wagner his house and garden. +Item, he gave him in ready money sixteen thousand guilders. +Item, one farm. Item, a gold chain, much plate, and other +household stuff, that gave he to his servant, and the rest of +his time he meant to spend in inns and students' company, +drinking and eating, with other jollity. And thus he finished +his will at that time.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch57" id="fch57"></a>CHAPTER LVII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus fell in talk with his Servant, touching his +Testament,<br /> +and the Covenants thereof.</i></p> + +<p>Now when this will was made, Dr. Faustus called unto his +servant, saying, "I have thought upon thee in my testament, +for that thou hast been a trusty servant unto me, and +faithful, and hast not opened my secrets. And yet farther," +said he, "ask of me before I die what thou wilt, and I will +give it unto thee."</p> + +<p>His servant rashly answered, "I pray you, let me have +your cunning." +</p> +<p>To which Dr. Faustus answered, "I have given thee all +my books, upon this condition, that thou wouldst not let +them be common, but use them for thy own pleasure, and +study carefully in them; and dost thou also desire my +cunning? That thou mayst peradventure have, if thou +love and peruse my books well."</p> + +<p>"Farther," said Dr. Faustus, "seeing that thou desirest +of me this request, I will resolve thee. My spirit Mephistophiles +his time is out with me, and I have nought to +command him, as touching thee. Yet I will help thee to +another if thou like well thereof."</p> + +<p>And within three days after he called his servant unto +him, saying, "Art thou resolved? wouldst thou verily have +a spirit? Then tell me in what manner or form thou wouldst +have him." To whom his servant answered that he would +have him in the form of an ape. Whereupon appeared +presently a spirit unto him in manner and form of an ape, +the which leaped about the house.</p> + +<p>Then said Faustus, "See, there thou hast thy request; +but yet he will not obey thee until I be dead, for when my +spirit Mephistophiles shall fetch me away, then shall thy +spirit be bound unto thee, if thou agree, and thy spirit shalt +thou name Aberecock, for so he is called. But all this upon +a condition, that you publish my cunning and my merry +conceits, with all that I have done (when I am dead) in an +history, and if thou canst not remember all, the spirit Aberecock +will help thee; so shall the acts that I have done be +made manifest unto the world."</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch58" id="fch58"></a>CHAPTER LVIII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus having but one Month of his appointed Time<br /> +to come, fell to Mourning and Sorrowing with himself<br /> +for his devilish exercise.</i></p> + + +<p>Time ran away with Faustus, as the hour-glass; for he had +but one month to come of his twenty-four years, at the end +whereof he had given himself to the devil, body and soul, as +is before specified. Here was the first token, for he was like +a taken murderer, or a thief, the which finding himself +guilty in conscience before the judge has given sentence, +fears every hour to die; for he was grieved, and in wailing +spent the time, went talking to himself, wringing of his hands, +sobbing and sighing. His flesh fell away, and he was very +lean, and kept himself close; neither could he abide, see, or +hear of his Mephistophiles any more.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch59" id="fch59"></a>CHAPTER LIX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus complained that he should in his lusty Time,<br /> +and youthful Years, die so miserably.</i></p> + + +<p>The sorrowful time drawing near, so troubled Dr. Faustus, +that he began to write his mind, to the end he might peruse +it often and not forget it, which was in manner as followeth:—"Ah! +Faustus, thou sorrowful and woeful man, now must thou +go to the damnable company in unquenchable fire, whereas +thou mightest have had the joyful immortality of thy soul, +the which now thou hast lost! Ah! gross understanding +and wilful will! What seizeth upon thy limbs, other than +robbing of my life? Bewail with me, my sound and +healthful body, will, and soul; bewail with me, my senses, +for you have had your part and pleasure as well as I. Oh! +envy and disdain! How have you crept both at once upon +me, and now for your sakes I must suffer all these torments! +Ah! whither is pity and mercy fled? Upon what +occasion hath heaven repaid me with this reward, by sufferance, +to suffer me to perish? Wherefore was I created a +man? The punishment I see prepared for me of myself, +now must I suffer. Ah! miserable wretch! There is +nothing in this world to show me comfort! Then woe is +me! What helpeth my wailing?"</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch60" id="fch60"></a>CHAPTER LX.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>How Dr. Faustus bewailed to think on Hell, and the<br /> +miserable +Pains therein provided for him.</i></p> + +<p>Now thou Faustus, damned wretch! how happy wert thou +if, as an unreasonable beast, thou mightest die with a soul? +so shouldest thou not feel any more doubts; but now the +devil will take thee away, both body and soul, and set thee +in an unspeakable place of darkness; for although other +souls have rest and peace, yet I, poor damned wretch, must +suffer all manner of filthy stench, pains, cold, hunger, thirst, +heat, freezing, burning, hissing, gnashing, and all the wrath +and curse of God; yea, all the creatures God hath created +are enemies to me. And too late I remember that my +spirit Mephistophiles did once tell me there was great +difference amongst the damned, for the greater the sin the +greater the torment; as the twigs of a tree make greater +flames than the trunk thereof, and yet the trunk continueth +longer in burning, even so the more that a man is rooted in +sin, the greater is his punishment. Ah! thou perpetual +damned wretch! how art thou thrown into the everlasting +fiery lake that shall never be quenched! there must I dwell +in all manner of wailing, sorrow, misery, pain, torment, grief, +howling, sighing, sobbing, running at the eyes, stinking at +the nose, gnashing of teeth, snare to the ears, horror to the +conscience, and shaking both of hand and foot? Ah! that +I could carry the heavens upon my shoulders, so that there +were time at last to quit me of this everlasting damnation. +Oh! what can deliver me out of the fearful tormenting +flame, the which I see prepared for me? Oh! there is no +help, nor can any man deliver me; nor my wailing of sins +can help me; neither is there rest for me to be found day +or night! Ah! woe is me! for there is no help for me, no +shield, no defence, no comfort; where is my help? Knowledge +dare I not trust; and for a soul to Godwards, that +have I not, for I ashame to speak unto him; if I do, no +answer shall be made me; but he will hide his face from +me, to the end that I should not behold the joys of the +chosen. What mean I then to complain, where no help +is? No, I know no hope resteth in my groanings; I had +desired it would be so, and God hath said, Amen, to my +misdoings; for now I must have shame to comfort me in my +calamities.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch61" id="fch61"></a>CHAPTER LXI.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>Here followeth the Miserable and Lamentable End of Doctor Faustus,<br /> +by +which all Christians may take an Example and Warning.</i></p> + + +<p>The full time of Dr. Faustus, his four-and-twenty years +being come, his spirit appeared unto him, giving him his +writing again, and commanding him to make preparation, +for that the devil would fetch him against a certain time +appointed.</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus mourned and sighed wonderfully, and never +went to bed, nor slept a wink for sorrow.</p> + +<p>Wherefore his spirit appeared again, comforting him, and +saying: "My Faustus, be not thou so cowardly minded; +for although thou lovest thy body, it is long unto the day of +judgment, and thou must die at the last, although thou live +many thousand years. The Turks, the Jews, and many an +unchristian emperor are in the same condemnation; therefore, +my Faustus, be of good courage, and be not discomforted, +for the devil hath promised that thou shalt not be in +pains, as the rest of the damned are." This and such like +comfort he gave him, for he told him false, and against the +saying of the Holy Scriptures.</p> + +<p>Yet Dr. Faustus, that had no other expectation but to +pay his debt, with his own skin, went (on the same day that +his spirit said the devil would fetch him) unto his trusty and +dearly beloved brethren and companions, as masters and +bachelors of art, and other students more, the which did +often visit him at his house in merriment; these he intreated +that they would walk into the village called Rimlich, +half a mile from Wittenburg, and that they would there take +with him for their repast a small banquet; the which they +agreed unto; so they went together, and there held their +dinner in a most sumptuous manner.</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus with them, dissemblingly was merry, but not +from the heart; wherefore he requested them that they +would also take part of his rude supper, the which they +agreed unto; "for," quoth he, "I must tell you what is the +victualler's due;" and when they slept (for drink was in +their heads) then Dr. Faustus paid the shot, and bound the +students and masters to go with him into another room, for +he had many wonderful matters to tell them; and when +they were entered the room, as he requested, Dr. Faustus +said unto them as followeth:</p> + +<p> </p> + +<h3><a name="fch62" id="fch62"></a>CHAPTER LXII.</h3> + +<p class="center"><i>An Oration of Dr. Faustus to the Students.</i></p> + +<p>"My trusty and well-beloved friends, the cause why I have +invited you in this place is this: forasmuch as you have +known me these many years, what manner of life I have +lived; practising all manner of conjurations and wicked +exercises, the which I obtained through the help of the +devil, into whose devilish fellowship they have brought me; +the which use, the art, and practice, urged by the detestable +provocation of my flesh and my stiff-necked and rebellious +will, with my filthy infernal thoughts, the which were ever +before me, pricking me forward so earnestly that I must +perforce have the consent of the devil to aid me in my +devices. And to the end I might the better bring my +purpose to pass, to have the devil's aid and furtherance, +which I never have wanted in my actions, I have promised +unto him at the end, and accomplishment of twenty-four +years, both body and soul, to do therewith at his +pleasure.</p> + +<p>"This dismal day, these twenty-four years are fully expired; +for night beginning, my hour-glass is at an end, the direful +finishing whereof I carefully expect; for out of all doubt, +this night he will fetch me to whom I have given myself in +recompense of his service, body and soul, and twice confirmed +writings with my proper blood.</p> + +<p>"Now have I called you, my well-beloved lords, friends +and brethren, before that fatal hour, to take my friendly +farewell, to the end that my departure may not hereafter be +hidden from you, beseeching you herewith (courteous loving +lords and brethren) not to take in evil part anything done +by me, but with friendly commendations to salute all my +friends and companions wheresoever, desiring both you and +them, if ever I have trespassed against your minds in anything, +that you would heartily forgive me; and as for those +lewd practices, the which these full twenty-four years I have +followed, you shall hereafter find them in writing: and I +beseech you let this my lamentable end, to the residue of +your lives, be a sufficient warning, that you have God +always before your eyes, praying unto him, that he will +defend you from the temptation of the devil, and all his +false deceits, not falling altogether from God, as I wretched +and ungodly damned creature have done; having denied +and defied baptism, the sacrament of Christ's body, God +himself, and heavenly powers, and earthly men: yea, I +have denied such a God, that desireth not to have one lost. +Neither let the evil fellowship of wicked companions mislead +you, as it hath done me: visit earnestly and often the +church; war and strive continually against the devil, with a +good and steadfast belief in God and Jesus Christ, and use +your vocation and holiness.</p> + +<p>"Lastly, to knit my troubled oration, this is my friendly +request, that you would go to rest, and let nothing trouble +you: also if you chance to hear any noise or rumbling about +the house, be not therewith afraid, for there shall no evil +happen unto you; also I pray you rise not out of your beds; +but above all things, I intreat you, if hereafter you find my +dead carcass, convey it unto the earth, for I die both a good +and bad Christian, though I know the devil will have my +body, and that would I willingly give him, so that he +would leave my soul to quiet; wherefore I pray you, that +you would depart to bed, and so I wish you a quiet night, +which unto me, notwithstanding, shall be horrible and +fearful."</p> + +<p>This oration was made by Dr. Faustus, and that with a +hearty and resolute mind, to the end he might not discomfort +them; but the students wondered greatly thereat, that +he was so blinded, for knavery, conjuration, and such foolish +things, to give his body and soul unto the devil, for they +loved him entirely, and never suspected any such thing, +before he had opened his mind unto them.</p> + +<p>Wherefore one of them said unto him, "Ah! friend Faustus, +what have you done to conceal this matter so long from us? +We would by the help of good divines, and the grace of God, +have brought you out of this net, and have torn you out of +the bondage and chains of Satan, whereas we fear now it is +too late, to the utter ruin both of body and soul."</p> + +<p>Dr. Faustus answered, "I durst never do it, although often +minded to settle myself to godly people, to desire counsel +and help; and once my old neighbour counselled me, that +I should follow his learning, and leave all my conjurations: +yet when I was minded to amend, and to follow that good +counsel, then came the devil, and would have had me away, +as this night he is like to do: and said, so soon as I turned +again to God, he would dispatch me altogether. Thus, even +thus (good gentlemen and dear friends) was I inthralled in +that fanatical bond, all good desires drowned, all piety +vanished, all purposes of amendment truly exiled, by the +tyrannous oppression of my deadly enemy."</p> + +<p>But when the students heard his words, they gave him +counsel to do nothing else but call upon God, desiring him, +for the love of his sweet Son Jesus Christ his sake, to have +mercy upon him: teaching him this form of prayer: "O +God! be merciful unto me, poor and miserable sinner; and +enter not into judgment with me, for no flesh is able to +stand before thee; although, O Lord! I must leave my +sinful body unto the devil, being by him deluded, yet thou +in mercy may preserve my soul."</p> + +<p>This they repeated to him, yet he could take no hold; +but even as Cain, he also said, that his sins were greater +than God was able to forgive, for all his thought was on the +writing: he meant he had made it too filthy in writing with +his own blood.</p> + +<p>The students and the others that were there, when they +had prayed for him, they wept, and so went forth. But +Faustus tarried in the hall; and when the gentlemen were +laid in bed, none of them could sleep, for that they attended +to hear if they might be privy of his end.</p> + +<p>It happened that between twelve and one o'clock of +midnight, there blew a mighty storm of wind against the +house, as though it would have blown the foundation +thereof out of its place.</p> + +<p>Hereupon the students began to fear, and go out of their +beds, but they would not stir out of the chamber, and the +host of the house ran out of doors, thinking the house +would fall.</p> + +<p>The students lay near unto the hall wherein Dr. Faustus +lay, and they heard a mighty noise and hissing, as if the +hall had been full of snakes and adders. With that the +hall door flew open wherein Dr. Faustus was. Then he +began to cry for help, saying, "Murder, murder!" but it +was with a half voice, and very hollow. Shortly after they +heard him no more.</p> + +<p>But when it was day, the students, that had taken no rest +that night, arose and went into the hall in which they left +Dr. Faustus, where notwithstanding they found not Faustus, +but all the hall sprinkled with blood, the brains cleaving to +the wall, for the devil had beaten him from one wall against +another. In one corner lay his eyes, in another his teeth, +a fearful and pitiful sight to behold.</p> + +<p>Then began the students to wail and weep for him, and +sought for his body in many places. Lastly, they came +into the yard, where they found his body lying on the horse +dung, most monstrously torn, and fearful to behold, for his +head and all his joints were dashed to pieces. The forenamed +students and masters that were at his death, +obtained so much, that they buried him in the village where +he was so grievously tormented.</p> + +<p>After the which they turned to Wittenburg, and coming +into the house of Faustus they found the servant of Faustus +very sad, unto whom they opened all the matter, who took +it exceedingly heavy. There they found this history of Dr. +Faustus noted, and of him written, as is before declared, +all save only his end, the which was after by the students +thereunto annexed. Farther, what his servant noted thereof +was made in another book. And you have heard he held +by him, in his life, the spirit of fair Helena, who had by +him one son, the which he named Justus Faustus: even +the same day of his death they vanished away, both mother +and son. The house before was so dark that scarce anybody +could abide therein. The same night Dr. Faustus appeared +unto his servant lively, and showed unto him many secret +things which he had done and hidden in his lifetime. +Likewise there were certain which saw Dr. Faustus look +out of the window by night as they passed by the house.</p> + +<p>And thus ended the whole history of Dr. Faustus, his +conjuration, and other acts that he did in his life, out of +which example every Christian may learn, but chiefly the stiff-necked +and high-minded, may thereby learn to fear God, and +to be careful of their vocation, and to be at defiance with all +devilish works, as God hath most precisely forbidden. To +the end we should not invite the devil as a guest, nor give +him place, as that wicked Faustus hath done, for here we +have a wicked example of his writing, promise, and end, +that we may remember him, that we may not go astray, but +take God always before our eyes, to call alone upon him, +and to honour him all the days of our life, with heart and +hearty prayer, and with all our strength and soul to glorify +his holy name, defying the devil and all his works; to the +end we may remain with Christ in all endless joy. Amen, +amen. That wish I to every Christian heart, and God's +name be glorified. Amen.</p> + + + + +<h5>THE END.</h5> + +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> + +<h3>FOOTNOTES</h3> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt1" id="mt1"></a><a href="#mt1r">1</a>: +The names of four of these cities were—Ubeda, Abela, Baeza, and +Granada.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt2" id="mt2"></a><a href="#mt2r">2</a>: +There is another ballad which represents Gayferos, now grown to be a +man, as coming in the disguise of a pilgrim to his mother's house, and +slaying his stepfather with his own hand. The Countess is only satisfied +as to his identity by the circumstance of <i>the finger</i>—<br /><br /> + + +<span class="ind6">El dedo bien es aqueste, aqui lo vereys faltar</span><br /> +<span class="ind6">La condesa que esto oyera empezole de abraçar.</span> +</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt3" id="mt3"></a><a href="#mt3r">3</a>: + Sansueña is the ancient name of Zaragoza.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt4" id="mt4"></a><a href="#mt4r">4</a>: The arms of Leon.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt5" id="mt5"></a><a href="#mt5r">5</a>: The arms of Castile.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt6" id="mt6"></a><a href="#mt6r">6</a>: The arms of France.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt7" id="mt7"></a><a href="#mt7r">7</a>: +"Per ecclesias proclamare fecit." This may either mean that a +notice was fastened to the church door, or given out from the pulpit. +The last is most probable.</p> + +<p class="noindent"><a name="mt8" id="mt8"></a><a href="#mt8r">8</a>: +As these are probably the only verses on record of the devil's +composition (at least, so well authenticated), I transcribe them for the +information of the curious.</p> +<div class="poem2"> +<p class="noindent">"Nexus ovem binam, per spinam traxit equinam;<br /> + Læsus surgit equus, pendet utrumque pecus.<br /> + Ad molendinum, pondus portabat equinum,<br /> + Dispergendo focum, se cremat atque locum.<br /> + Custodes aberant; singula damna ferant."</p> +</div> + +<hr class="narrow" /> +<p> </p> +<table border="0" style="background-color: #E6E6FA; margin: 0 auto" cellpadding="10" summary="Amendments"> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> + <div class="center">TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</div> + +<p class="noindent" style="background-color: #E6E6FA">Contemporary spellings have been retained even +when inconsistent. A small number of obvious typographical errors have been +corrected and missing punctuation has been silently added.<br /> +<br /> +The following additional changes have been made; they can be identified +in the body of the text by a grey dotted underline:</p> +</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td valign="top">let it brought before these Sees</td> + <td valign="top">let it be brought before these Sees</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td valign="top">Durenda</td> + <td valign="top">Durendal</td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td valign="top">Thou till shouldst prop the feeble</td> + <td valign="top">Thou still shouldst prop the feeble</td> + </tr> + +</table> +<p> </p> +<hr class="narrow" /> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mediaeval Tales, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEDIAEVAL TALES *** + +***** This file should be named 28094-h.htm or 28094-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/0/9/28094/ + +Produced by Delphine Lettau and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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