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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mediaeval Tales, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Mediaeval Tales
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: Henry Morley
+
+Release Date: February 16, 2009 [EBook #28094]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MEDIAEVAL TALES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Delphine Lettau and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+MEDIÆVAL TALES
+
+_WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HENRY MORLEY_
+LL. D., LATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AT
+UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON
+
+
+LONDON:
+GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LTD.
+NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+This volume of "Mediæval Tales" is in four parts, containing severally,
+(1) Turpin's "History of Charles the Great and Orlando," which is an old
+source of Charlemagne romance; (2) Spanish Ballads, relating chiefly to
+the romance of Charlemagne, these being taken from the spirited
+translations of Spanish ballads published in 1823 by John Gibson
+Lockhart; (3) a selection of stories from the "Gesta Romanorum;" and (4)
+the old translation of the original story of Faustus, on which Marlowe
+founded his play, and which is the first source of the Faust legend in
+literature.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Turpin's "History of Charles the Great and Orlando" is given from a
+translation made by Thomas Rodd, and published by himself in 1812, of
+"Joannes Turpini Historia de Vita Caroli Magni et Rolandi." This
+chronicle, composed by some monk at an unknown date before the year
+1122, professed to be the work of a friend and secretary of Charles the
+Great, Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims, who was himself present in the
+scenes that he describes. It was--like Geoffrey of Monmouth's nearly
+contemporary "History of British Kings," from which were drawn tales of
+Gorboduc, Lear and King Arthur--romance itself, and the source of
+romance in others. It is at the root of many tales of Charlemagne and
+Roland that reached afterwards their highest artistic expression in
+Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso." The tale ascribed to Turpin is of earlier
+date than the year 1122, because in that year Pope Calixtus II.
+officially declared its authenticity. But it was then probably a new
+invention, designed for edification, for encouragement of faith in the
+Church, war against infidels, and reverence to the shrine of St. James
+of Compostella.
+
+The Church vouched for the authorship of Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims,
+"excellently skilled in sacred and profane literature, of a genius
+equally adapted to prose and verse; the advocate of the poor, beloved
+of God in his life and conversation, who often hand to hand fought the
+Saracens by the Emperor's side; and who flourished under Charles and his
+son Lewis to the year of our Lord eight hundred and thirty." But while
+this work gave impulse to the shaping of Charlemagne romances with
+Orlando (Roland) for their hero, there came to be a very general opinion
+that, whether the author of the book were Turpin or another, he too was
+a romancer. His book came, therefore, to be known as the "Magnanime
+Mensonge," a lie heroic and religious.
+
+No doubt Turpin's "Vita Caroli Magni et Rolandi" was based partly on
+traditions current in its time. It was turned of old into French
+verse and prose; and even into Latin hexameters. The original work
+was first printed at Frankfort in 1566, in a collection of Four
+Chronographers--"Germanicarum Rerum." Mr. Rodd's translation, here
+given, was made from the copy of the original given in Spanheim's "Lives
+of Ecclesiastical Writers."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Publication of the songs and ballads of Spain began at Valencia in the
+year 1511 with a collection by Fernando del Castillo, who on his
+title-page professed to collect pieces "as well ancient as modern." From
+1511 to 1573 there were nine editions of this "Cancionero." A later
+collection made between 1546 and 1550--The "Cancionero de Romances"--was
+made to consist wholly of ballads. A third edition of it, in 1555, is
+the fullest and best known. The greatest collection followed in nine
+parts, published separately between 1593 and 1597, at Valencia, Burgos,
+Toledo, Alcala, and Madrid. This formed the great collection known as
+the "Romancero General."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The chief hero of the Spanish Ballads is the Cid Campeador; and Robert
+Southey used these ballads as material for enriching the "Chronicle of
+the Cid," which has already been given in this Library. Songs of the Cid
+were sung as early as the year 1147, are of like date with the
+"Magnanime Mensonge" and Geoffrey of Monmouth's "History of British
+Kings." In 1248 St. Ferdinand gave allotments to two poets who had been
+with him during the Siege of Seville, and who were named Nicolas and
+Domingo Abod "of the Romances." There is also evidence from references
+to what "the _juglares_ sing in their chants and tell in their tales,"
+that in the middle of the thirteenth century tales of Charlemagne and of
+Bernardo del Carpio were familiar in the mouths of ballad-singers.
+
+The whole number of the old ballads of Spain exceeds a thousand, and of
+these John Gibson Lockhart has translated some of the best into English
+verse. Lockhart was born in 1793, was the son of a Scottish minister,
+was educated at the Universities of Glasgow and Oxford, and was called
+to the bar at Edinburgh in 1816. Next year he was one of the keenest of
+the company of young writers whose genius and lively audacity established
+the success of "Blackwood's Magazine." Three years later, in 1820, he
+married the eldest daughter of Sir Walter Scott. Lockhart's vigorous
+rendering of the spirit of the Spanish Romances was first published in
+1823, two years before he went to London to become editor of the
+"Quarterly Review." He edited the "Quarterly" for about thirty years,
+and died in 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The "Gesta Romanorum;" is a mediæval compilation of tales that might be
+used to enforce and enliven lessons from the pulpit. Each was provided
+with its "Application." The French Dominican, Vincent of Beauvais, tells
+in his "Mirror of History" that in his time--the thirteenth century--it
+was the practice of preachers, to rouse languid hearers by quoting
+fables out of Æsop, and he recommends a sparing and discreet use of
+profane fancies in discussing sacred subjects. Among the Harleian MSS.
+is an ancient collection of 215 stories, romantic, allegorical and
+legendary, compiled by a preacher for the use of monastic societies.
+There were other such collections, but the most famous of all, widely
+used not only by the preachers but also by the poets, was the Latin
+story-book known as the "Gesta Romanorum." Its name, "Deeds of the
+Romans," was due to its fancy for assigning every story to some emperor
+who had or had not reigned in Rome; the emperor being a convenient
+person in the Application, which might sometimes begin with, "My
+beloved, the emperor is God." Perhaps the germ of the collection may
+have been a series of applied tales from Roman history. But if so, it
+was soon enriched with tales from the East, from the "Clericalis
+Disciplina," a work by Petrus Alfonsus, a baptized Jew who lived in
+1106, and borrowed professedly from the Arabian fabulists. Mediæval
+tales of all kinds suitable for the purpose of the "Gesta Romanorum"
+were freely incorporated, and the book so formed became a well-known
+storehouse of material for poetic treatment. Gower, Shakespeare,
+Schiller are some of the poets who have used tales which are among the
+thirty given in this volume.
+
+The "Gesta Romanorum" was first printed in 1473, and after that date
+often reprinted. It was translated into Dutch as early as the year 1484.
+There was a translation of forty-three of its tales into English, by
+Richard Robinson, published in 1577, of which there were six or seven
+editions during the next twenty-four years. A version of forty-five of
+its tales was published in 1648 as "A Record of Ancient Histories." The
+fullest English translation was that by the Rev. C. Swan, published in
+1824. In this volume two or three tales are given in the earlier English
+form, the rest from Mr. Swan's translation, with a little revision of
+his English. Mr. Swan used Book English, and was apt to write "an
+instrument of agriculture" where he would have said "a spade." I give
+here thirty of the Tales, but of the "Applications" have left only
+enough to show how they were managed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the volume of this Library, which contains Marlowe's "Faustus" and
+Goethe's "Faust," reference has been made to the old German History of
+Faustus, first published at Frankfort in September 1587, and reprinted
+with slight change in 1588. There was again a reprint of it with some
+additions in 1589. This book was written by a Protestant in early days
+of the Reformation, but shaped by him from mediæval tales of magic, with
+such notions of demons and their home as had entered deeply in the
+Middle Ages into popular belief. From it was produced within two years
+of its first publication Marlowe's play of "Faustus," which has already
+been given, and that English translation of the original book which will
+be found in the present volume. It was reprinted by Mr. William J. Thoms
+in his excellent collection of "Early English Prose Romances," first
+published in 1828, of which there was an enlarged second edition, in
+three volumes, in 1858. That is a book of which all students of English
+literature would like to see a third and cheap edition.
+
+H. M.
+_October 1884._
+
+
+
+
+TURPIN'S HISTORY
+OF
+CHARLES THE GREAT AND ORLANDO.
+
+
+
+
+THE HISTORY
+OF
+CHARLES THE GREAT AND ORLANDO.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+_Archbishop Turpin's Epistle to Leopander._
+
+
+Turpin, by the grace of God, Archbishop of Rheims, the faithful
+companion of the Emperor Charles the Great in Spain, to Leopander, Dean
+of Aix-la-Chapelle, greeting.
+
+Forasmuch as you requested me to write to you from Vienne (my wounds
+being now cicatrized) in what manner the Emperor Charles delivered Spain
+and Gallicia from the yoke of the Saracens, you shall attain the
+knowledge of many memorable events, and likewise of his praiseworthy
+trophies over the Spanish Saracens, whereof I myself was eyewitness,
+traversing France and Spain in his company for the space of forty years;
+and I hesitate the less to trust these matters to your friendship, as I
+write a true history of his warfare. For indeed all your researches
+could never have enabled you fully to discover those great events in the
+Chronicles of St. Denis, as you sent me word: neither could you for
+certain know whether the author had given a true relation of those
+matters, either by reason of his prolixity, or that he was not himself
+present when they happened. Nevertheless this book will agree with his
+history. Health and happiness.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+_How Charles the Great delivered Spain and Gallicia from the
+Saracens._
+
+
+The most glorious Christian Apostle St. James, when the other Apostles
+and Disciples of our Lord were dispersed abroad throughout the whole
+world, is believed to have first preached the gospel in Gallicia. After
+his martyrdom, his servants, rescuing his body from King Herod, brought
+it by sea to Gallicia, where they likewise preached the gospel. But soon
+after, the Gallicians, relapsing into great sins, returned to their
+former idolatry, and persisted in it till the time of Charles the Great,
+Emperor of the Romans, French, Germans, and other nations. Charles
+therefore, after prodigious toils in Saxony, France, Germany, Lorraine,
+Burgundy, Italy, Brittany, and other countries; after taking innumerable
+cities from sea to sea, which he won by his invincible arm from the
+Saracens, through divine favour; and after subjugating them with great
+fatigue of mind and body to the Christian yoke, resolved to rest from
+his wars in peace.
+
+But observing the starry way in the heavens, beginning at the Friezeland
+sea, and passing over the German territory and Italy, between Gaul and
+Aquitaine, and from thence in a straight line over Gascony, Bearne, and
+Navarre, and through Spain to Gallicia, wherein till his time lay
+undiscovered the body of St. James; when night after night he was wont
+to contemplate it, meditating upon what it might signify, a certain
+beautiful resplendent vision appeared to him in his sleep, and, calling
+him son, inquired what he was attempting to discover. At which Charles
+replied, "Who art thou, Lord?" "I am," answered the vision, "St. James
+the Apostle, Christ's disciple, the son of Zebedee, and brother of John
+the Evangelist, whom the Lord was pleased to think worthy, in his
+ineffable goodness, to elect on the sea of Galilee to preach the gospel
+to his people, but whom Herod the King slew. My body now lies concealed
+in Gallicia, long so grievously oppressed by the Saracens, from whose
+yoke I am astonished that you, who have conquered so many lands and
+cities, have not yet delivered it. Wherefore I come to warn you, as God
+has given you power above every other earthly prince, to prepare my way,
+and rescue my dominions from the Moabites, that so you may receive a
+brighter crown of glory for your reward. The starry way in the heavens
+signifies that you, with a great army, will enter Gallicia to fight the
+Pagans, and, recovering it from them, will visit my church and shrine;
+and that all the people from the borders of the sea, treading in your
+steps, will ask pardon of God for their sins, and return in safety,
+celebrating his praise; that you likewise will acknowledge the wonders
+he hath done for you in prolonging your life to its present span.
+Proceed then as soon as you are ready; I am your friend and helper; your
+name shall become famous to all eternity, and a crown of glory shall be
+your reward in heaven."
+
+Thus did the blessed Apostle appear thrice to the Emperor, who,
+confiding in his word, assembled a great army, and entered Spain to
+fight the infidels.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+_Of the Walls of Pampeluna, that fell of themselves._
+
+
+The first city Charles besieged was Pampeluna; he invested it three
+months, but was not able to take it, through the invincible strength of
+the walls. He then made this prayer to God: "O Lord Jesus Christ, for
+whose faith I am come hither to fight the Pagans; for thy glory's sake
+deliver this city into my hands; and O blessed St. James, if thou didst
+indeed appear to me, help me to take it." And now God and St. James,
+hearkening to his petition, the walls utterly fell to the ground of
+themselves; but Charles spared the lives of the Saracens that consented
+to be baptized; the rest he put to the edge of the sword. The report of
+this miracle induced all their countrymen to surrender their cities, and
+consent to pay tribute to the Emperor. Thus was the whole land soon
+subdued.
+
+The Saracens were amazed to see the French well clothed, accomplished in
+their manners and persons, and strictly faithful to their treaties; they
+gave them therefore a peaceful and honourable reception, dismissing all
+thoughts of war. The Emperor, after frequently visiting the shrine of
+St. James, came to Ferrol, and, fixing his lance in the sea, returned
+thanks to God and the Apostle for having brought him to this place,
+though he could then proceed no further.
+
+The Pagan nations, after the first preaching of St. James and his
+disciples, were converted by Archbishop Turpin, and by the grace of God
+baptized; but those who refused to embrace the faith were either slain
+or made slaves by the Christians. Turpin then traversed all Spain from
+sea to sea.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+_Of the idol Mahomet._
+
+
+The Emperor utterly destroyed the idols and images in Spain, except the
+idol in Andalusia, called Salamcadis. Cadis properly signifies the place
+of an island, but in Arabic it means God. The Saracens had a tradition
+that the idol Mahomet, which they worshipped, was made by himself in
+his lifetime; and that by the help of a legion of devils it was by magic
+art endued with such irresistible strength, that it could not be broken.
+If any Christian approached it he was exposed to great danger; but when
+the Saracens came to appease Mahomet, and make their supplications to
+him, they returned in safety. The birds that chanced to light upon it
+were immediately struck dead.
+
+There is, moreover, on the margin of the sea an ancient stone excellently
+sculptured after the Saracenic fashion; broad and square at the bottom,
+but tapering upward to the height that a crow generally flies, having on
+the top an image of gold, admirably cast in the shape of a man, standing
+erect, with a certain great key in his hand, which the Saracens say was
+to fall to the ground immediately after the birth of a King of Gaul, who
+would overrun all Spain with a Christian army, and totally subdue it.
+Wherefore it was enjoined them, whenever that happened, to fly the
+country, and bury their jewels in the earth.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+_Of the Churches the King built._
+
+
+Charles remained three years in these parts, and with the gold given him
+by the kings and princes greatly enlarged the church of the blessed St.
+James, appointing an Abbot and Canons of the order of St. Isidore,
+martyr and confessor, to attend it: he enriched it likewise with bells,
+books, robes, and other gifts. With the residue of the immense quantity
+of gold and silver, he built many churches on his return from Spain;
+namely, of the blessed Virgin in Aix-la-Chapelle, of St. James in
+Thoulouse, and another in Gascony, between the city commonly called Aix,
+after the model of St. John's at Cordova, in the Jacobine road; the
+church likewise of St. James at Paris, between the river Seine and
+Montmartre, besides founding innumerable abbeys in all parts of the
+world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+_Of the King's Return to France, and of Argolander, King of the Africans._
+
+
+After the King's return from Spain, a certain Pagan King, called
+Argolander, recovered the whole country with his army, driving the
+Emperor's soldiers from the towns and garrisons, which led him to march
+back his troops, under their General, Milo de Angleris.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+_Of the false Executor._
+
+
+But the judgment inflicted on a false executor deserves to be recorded,
+as a warning to those who unjustly pervert the alms of the deceased.
+When the King's army lay at Bayonne, a certain soldier, called
+Romaricus, was taken grievously ill, and, being at the point of death,
+received the eucharist and absolution from a priest, bequeathing his
+horse to a certain kinsman, in trust, to dispose of for the benefit of
+the priest and the poor. But when he was dead his kinsman sold it for a
+hundred pence, and spent the money in debauchery. But how soon does
+punishment follow guilt! Thirty days had scarcely elapsed when the
+apparition of the deceased appeared to him in his sleep, uttering these
+words: "How is it you have so unjustly misapplied the alms entrusted to
+you for the redemption of my soul? Do you not know they would have
+procured the pardon of my sins from God? I have been punished for your
+neglect thirty days in fire; to-morrow you shall be plunged in the same
+place of torment, but I shall be received into Paradise." The apparition
+then vanished, and his kinsman awoke in extreme terror.
+
+On the morrow, as he was relating the story to his companions, and the
+whole army was conversing about it, on a sudden a strange uncommon
+clamour, like the roaring of lions, wolves, and calves, was heard in the
+air, and immediately a troop of demons seized him in their talons, and
+bore him away alive. What further? Horse and foot sought him four days
+together in the adjacent mountains and valleys to no purpose; but the
+twelfth day after, as the army was marching through a desert part of
+Navarre, his body was found lifeless, and dashed to pieces, on the
+summit of some rocks, a league above the sea, about four days' journey
+from the city. There the demons left the body, bearing the soul away to
+hell. Let this be a warning, then, to all that follow his example to
+their eternal perdition.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+_Of the War of the Holy Facundus, where the Spears grew._
+
+
+Charles and Milo, his General, now marched after Argolander into Spain,
+and found him in the fields of the river, where a castle stands in the
+meadows, in the best part of the whole plain, where afterwards a church
+was built in honour of the blessed martyrs Facundus and Primitivus;
+where likewise their bodies rest, an abbey was founded, and a city
+built. When the King's army advanced, Argolander wished to decide the
+contest by set combat between twenties, forties, hundreds, thousands, or
+even by two champions only. Charles willingly consented, and marched a
+hundred of his soldiers against a hundred Saracens, when all of them
+were slain. Argolander then sent two hundred, who shared the same fate.
+Two thousand were then led against two thousand, part of whom were
+slain, and the rest fled. But on the third day Argolander cast lots,
+and, knowing that evil fortune threatened the Emperor, sent him word he
+would draw out his whole army on the open plain, on the morrow, which
+challenge was accepted.
+
+Then did this miracle happen. Certain of the Christians, who carefully
+had been furbishing their arms against the day of battle, fixed their
+spears in the evening erect in the ground before the castle in the
+meadow, near the river, and found them early in the morning covered with
+bark and branches. Those, therefore, that were about to receive the palm
+of martyrdom were greatly astonished at this event, ascribing it to
+divine power. Then cutting off their spears close to the ground, the
+roots that remained shot out afresh, and became lofty trees, which may
+be still seen flourishing there, chiefly ash. All this denoted joy to
+the soul, but loss to the body; for now the battle commenced, and forty
+thousand Christians were slain, together with Milo, their General, the
+father of Orlando. The King's horse was likewise slain under him; but
+Charles resolutely continued the fight on foot, and with two thousand
+Christians gallantly hewed his way through the Saracens, cleaving many
+of them asunder from the shoulders to the waist.
+
+The following day both Christians and Saracens remained quietly in their
+camps, but the day after four Marquisses brought four thousand fresh
+troops from Italy to the King's assistance; whereupon Argolander
+retreated with his army to Leon, and Charles led back his forces to
+France.
+
+And here it is proper to observe we should strive for Christ's blessing;
+for as the soldiers prepared their arms against the day of battle, so we
+in like manner should prepare ours, namely, our virtues to resist our
+passions. For he that would oppose faith to infidelity, brotherly love
+to hatred, charity to avarice, humility to pride, chastity to lust,
+prayer to temptation, perseverance to instability, peace to strife,
+obedience to a carnal disposition, must fortify his soul with grace, and
+prepare his spear to flourish against the day of judgment. Triumphant
+indeed will he be in heaven who conquers on earth! As the King's
+soldiers died for their faith, so should we die to sin, and live in
+holiness in this world, that we may receive the palm of glory in the
+next, which shall be the reward of those who fight manfully against
+their three grand adversaries, the World, the Flesh, and the Devil.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+_Of King Argolander's Army._
+
+
+Argolander now assembled together innumerable nations of Saracens,
+Moors, Moabites, Parthians, Africans, and Persians: Texephin, King of
+Arabia; Urabell, King of Alexandria; Avitus, King of Bugia; Ospin, King
+of Algarve; Facin, King of Barbary; Ailis, King of Malclos; Manuo, King
+of Mecca; Ibrahim, King of Seville; and Almanzor, King of Cordova. Then,
+marching to the city of Agen, he took it, and sent word to Charles he
+would give him sixty horse-load of gold, silver, and jewels, if he would
+acknowledge his right to the sceptre. But Charles returned this answer,
+"that he would acknowledge him no otherwise than by slaying him whenever
+it should be his chance to meet him in battle."
+
+The Emperor had by this time approached within four miles of Agen, when,
+secretly dismissing his army, he proceeded with only sixty soldiers to
+the mountain near the city. There he left them, and changing his dress,
+came with his shield reversed, after the custom of messengers in time of
+war, accompanied by one soldier only to the city; and when the people
+inquired his business, he informed them he had brought a message from
+King Charles to Argolander, whereupon he was admitted into his presence,
+and addressed him in these words: "My King bids me say, you may expect
+to see him, provided you will come out with only sixty of your people to
+meet him." Now Argolander little thought it was Charles himself to whom
+he was speaking, who all the while took especial note of his person, and
+of the weakest parts of the walls of the city, as well as of the
+auxiliary kings that were then within it. Argolander then armed himself,
+and Charles rejoined his sixty soldiers, and soon after the two thousand
+that at first accompanied him. But Argolander came out with seven
+thousand men, thinking to slay the Emperor, but was himself compelled to
+fly.
+
+The King then recruited his army, and besieged the city for six months.
+On the seventh his battering rams, wooden castles, and other engines,
+were ready to storm it; but Argolander and the rest of the Kings made
+their escape in the night through the common sewers, and, passing up the
+Garonne, got clear off. Charles entered the city in triumph the next
+day, and slew ten thousand of the remaining Saracens.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+_Of the City of Xaintonge, where the Spears grew._
+
+
+Argolander now came to Xaintonge, at that time under the dominion of the
+Saracens; but Charles pursuing him, summoned him to restore the city,
+which Argolander refused, resolving first to fight, and that it should
+be the conqueror's reward. But on the eve of battle, when the battering
+rams were ready to attack the castle in the meadows, called Taleburg,
+and that part of the city near the river Carenton, certain of the
+Christians fixed their spears in the ground before the castle, and on
+the morrow found them covered with bark and branches. Those therefore
+that were to receive the crown of martyrdom perished in the fight, after
+slaying a multitude of the Saracens, namely, about four thousand men.
+The King's horse was likewise slain under him, but valiantly placing
+himself at the head of his infantry, he slew so many of his enemies that
+they were forced back into the city, which Charles invested on every
+side but the river, through which Argolander made his escape, with the
+loss of the Kings of Algarve and Bugia, and about four thousand of his
+army.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+_Of Argolander's Flight, and of the King's Warriors._
+
+
+Argolander fled beyond the passes of the Pyrenees, and came to
+Pampeluna, where he sent Charles word he would stay for him. Charles
+then returned to France, and with the utmost diligence summoned his
+troops from all parts to his assistance, proclaiming free pardon to all
+banished persons, on condition they would join him against the Pagans.
+What further? He liberated all the prisoners; made the poor rich;
+clothed the naked; reconciled the disaffected; bestowed honours on the
+disinherited; preferred the most experienced to the best commands;
+making friends of enemies, and associating both the civilized and the
+barbarian in the war of Spain, uniting them through the favour of God in
+the bond of love. Then did I, Turpin, absolve them from their sins, and
+give them my benediction.
+
+These are the names of the warriors that attended the King:--Turpin,
+Archbishop of Rheims, who by the precepts of Christ, and for his
+faith's sake, brought the people to fight valiantly, fighting likewise
+himself hand to hand with the Saracens. Orlando, General of the whole
+army, Count of Mans and Lord of Guienne, the King's nephew, son of Milo
+de Angleris and Bertha the King's sister. His soldiers were four
+thousand. Another Orlando likewise, of whom we are silent. Oliver, a
+General also, and a valiant soldier, renowned for strength and skill in
+war, led three thousand troops. Aristagnus, King of Brittany, seven
+thousand. Another King of Brittany, of whom little mention is made.
+Angelerus, Duke of Aquitaine, brought four thousand valiant bowmen. At
+this time likewise there was in the city of Poictiers another Duke of
+Aquitaine, but Angelerus was the son of Gascon, Duke of the city of
+Aquitaine, lying between Limorge, Bourges, and Poictiers, which city
+Augustus Cæsar founded; and the rest of the cities, as well as Xaintonge
+and Angoulême, with their provinces, were subject to it; the whole
+country was also called Aquitaine. But after the death of its lord, who
+perished with all his people in the fatal battle of Ronceval, it was
+never fresh colonized, and fell utterly to ruin.
+
+Gayfere, King of Bordeaux, led three thousand warriors. Galerus, Galinus
+Solomon, Estolfo's friend and companion; Baldwin, Orlando's brother,
+Galdebode, King of Friezeland, led seven thousand heroes; Ocellus, Count
+of Nantes, two thousand, who achieved many memorable actions, celebrated
+in songs to this day. Lambert, Count of Berry, led two thousand men.
+Rinaldo of the White Thorn, Vulterinus Garinus, Duke of Lorraine, four
+thousand. Hago, Albert of Burgundy, Berard de Miblis, Gumard, Esturinite,
+Theodoric, Juonius, Beringaire, Hato, and Ganalon, who afterwards proved
+the traitor, attended the King into Spain. The army of the King's own
+territory was forty thousand horse and foot innumerable.
+
+These were all famous heroes and warriors, mighty in battle,
+illustrious in worldly honour, zealous soldiers of Christ, that spread
+his name far and near, wherever they came. For even as our Lord and his
+twelve Apostles subdued the world by their doctrine, so did Charles,
+King of the French and Emperor of the Romans, recover Spain to the glory
+of God. And now the troops, assembling in Bordeaux, overspread the
+country for the space of two days' journey, and the noise they made was
+heard at twelve miles distance. Arnold of Berlanda first traversed the
+pass of the Pyrenees, and came to Pampeluna. Then came Astolfo, followed
+by Aristagnus; Angelerus, Galdebode, Ogier the King, and Constantine,
+with their several divisions. Charles and his troops brought up the
+rear, covering the whole land from the river of Rume to the mountains,
+that lie three leagues beyond them on the Compostella road. They now
+halted for eight days. In the interval Charles sent Argolander word, if
+he would restore the city he had built, he would return home, or
+otherwise wage cruel war against him: but Argolander, finding he could
+not keep possession of the city, resolved to march out, rather than
+tamely perish in it. Charles then granted him a truce to draw out his
+army and prepare for battle; expressing moreover his willingness to see
+him face to face, as Argolander wished.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+_Of the Truce, and of the Discourse between the King and Argolander._
+
+
+A truce thus being granted, Argolander drew out his people from the
+city, and attended by sixty guards came into the King's presence, who
+was at this time encamped about a mile from Pampeluna. The two armies
+occupied a spacious plain six miles square, separated by the main road
+to Compostella.
+
+When Charles perceived Argolander, he addressed him in these words:
+
+"You are, then, he that have fraudulently taken possession of my
+territories in Spain and Gascony, which I conquered by the favour of
+God, and reduced to the faith of Christ. You have perverted the princes
+from my allegiance, and slain the Christians with the edge of the sword.
+Availing yourself of my return to Gaul, you have destroyed my towns and
+castles, and laid waste the territory with fire and sword. At present,
+therefore, you have the advantage of me."
+
+Now when Argolander heard the King speak in the Arabic tongue, he was
+greatly pleased and astonished, for Charles had learnt it in his youth
+in the city of Thoulouse, where he had spent some time. Argolander then
+answered in these terms: "I wonder you should reason thus, for the
+territory did not belong to you; neither was it your father's,
+grandfather's, or great-grandfather's. Why then did you take possession
+of it?" "Because," replied Charles, "our Lord Jesus Christ, the creator
+of heaven and earth, elected us in preference to others, and gave us
+dominion over all the earth: therefore I endeavoured to convert the
+Saracens to the Christian faith."--"It would be unworthy of us to submit
+to you," rejoined Argolander, "when our own faith is best. We have
+Mahomet, a prophet of God, whose precepts we obey. Therefore we have a
+powerful God, who through his prophet has declared his will, and by him
+we live and reign." "O Argolander," said the King, "how widely do you
+err! You follow the vain precepts of a man; we believe and worship
+Father, Son, and Holy Ghost: you worship mortal man. After death our
+souls are received into Paradise, and enjoy everlasting life, but yours
+descend to the abyss of hell. Wherefore our faith is evidently best.
+Accept then baptism, or fight and perish."
+
+"Far be it from me," said Argolander, "to accept baptism, and deny
+Mahomet and my God! But I will fight you on these terms: if your faith
+is best, you shall gain the victory, otherwise heaven shall give it to
+me; and let shame be the portion of the conquered, but eternal glory
+reward the conqueror. Furthermore, if my people are subdued, and I
+survive the contest, I will receive baptism."
+
+These terms being mutually agreed, twenty Christians were sent against
+twenty Saracens, and the battle commenced. What further? Nearly all the
+Saracens fell. Forty were then sent against forty, and they were
+defeated also. A hundred then fought together; but the Saracens turned
+their backs from the face of the Christians, and were all slain. Are not
+these Christians then types for us? Does it not argue that we likewise
+should fight manfully against our sins; should face our spiritual
+enemies, and never ignobly yield to them, since they will infallibly
+lead us into perdition? He only, says the Apostle, shall receive the
+crown that fights the good fight, and overcomes.
+
+Two hundred Saracens were then sent out, and were all slain; lastly a
+thousand, who shared the same fate. A truce being then granted,
+Argolander promised to be baptized on the morrow with all his people,
+and, calling his Kings and Captains together, told them his intention,
+to which they likewise assented, few only refusing to follow his
+example.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+_Of the King's Banquet, and of the Poor, at whom Argolander took so
+great Offence that he refused to be Baptized._
+
+
+On the third day Argolander attended the King, as he promised, and found
+him at dinner. Many tables were spread at which the guests were sitting;
+some in military uniform; some in black; some in Priests' habits; which
+Argolander perceiving, inquired what they were? "Those you see in robes
+of one colour," replied the King, "are priests and bishops of our holy
+religion, who expound the gospel to us, absolve us from our offences,
+and bestow heavenly benediction. Those in black are monks and abbots;
+all of them holy men, who implore incessantly the divine favour in our
+behalf." But in the meantime Argolander espying thirty poor men in mean
+habiliments, without either table or table-cloth, sitting and eating
+their scanty meals upon the ground, he inquired what they were? "These,"
+replied the King, "are people of God, the messengers of our Lord Jesus,
+whom in his and his Apostles names we feed daily." Argolander then made
+this reply: "The guests at your table are happy; they have plenty of the
+best food set before them; but those you call the messengers of God,
+whom you feed in his name, are ill fed, and worse clothed, as if they
+were of no estimation. Certainly he must serve God but indifferently who
+treats his messengers in this manner, and thus do you prove your
+religion false." Argolander then refused to be baptized, and, returning
+to his army, prepared for battle on the morrow.
+
+Charles, seeing the mischief his neglect of these poor men had occasioned,
+ordered them to be decently clothed and better fed. Here then we may
+note the Christian incurs great blame who neglects the poor. If Charles,
+from inattention to their comfort, thereby lost the opportunity of
+converting the Saracens, what will be the lot of those who treat them
+still worse? They will hear this sentence pronounced--"Depart from me,
+ye cursed, into everlasting fire; for I was an hungered, and ye gave me
+no meat; naked, and ye clothed me not."
+
+We must consider likewise that our faith in Christ is of little value
+without good works. As the body, says the Apostle, without the soul is
+dead, so is faith dead if it produce not good fruit. And as the Pagan
+King refused baptism because he found something wrong after it, so our
+Lord, I fear, will refuse our baptism at the day of judgment if
+superfluity of faults be found in us.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+_Of the Battle of Pampeluna, and Argolander's Death._
+
+
+Both armies now prepared for battle in the morning, contending for their
+different faiths. The King mustered one hundred and thirty thousand
+men, but Argolander only one hundred thousand. The Christians formed
+themselves into four squadrons; the Saracens into five; whose first
+corps being speedily discomfited, they all joined in one phalanx, with
+Argolander in the midst. The Christians then surrounded them on all
+sides. First Arnaldo de Berlanda and his troops; then Astolfo; next
+Aristagnus, Galdebode, Ogier, and Constantine; lastly the King himself,
+and his innumerable warriors. Arnaldo was the first that broke in upon
+the enemy, overthrowing them right and left till he reached Argolander
+himself in the centre, and slew him with his own hand. Then ensued a
+great shout, and the Christians, rushing in upon the Saracens, slew them
+on all sides, making so great a slaughter that none escaped but the
+Kings of Seville and Cordova, and a few of their troops. So great,
+indeed, was the effusion of blood, that the Christians waded in it to
+their very knees. They slew likewise all the Saracens left in the city.
+Charles fought for the faith, and therefore triumphed over Argolander.
+Note then, O Christian, that whatsoever thou undertakest thou likewise
+shalt accomplish if thou hast faith, for all things are possible to them
+that believe. Greatly rejoiced at this victory, the King marched
+forward, and came to the bridge of Arge in the Compostella road.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+_Of the Christians that returned unlawfully to Spoil the Dead._
+
+
+Certain of the Christians however, coveting the spoils of the dead,
+returned that same night to the field of battle, and loaded themselves
+with heaps of gold and silver. But as they were returning to the camp,
+Almanzor, King of Cordova, who had fled for refuge to the mountains with
+the Saracens that made their escape, came pouring down, and slew them
+all to the number of a thousand men. These, then, are types of such as
+strive against sin, but afterwards relapse; who, when they have overcome,
+continue not stedfast, but seek unlawful pleasures, suffering themselves
+to be mastered in turn by their grand adversary. So likewise the religious,
+that forsake their vocations to re-engage in worldly concerns and
+profits, lose the reward of eternal life, and entail upon themselves
+everlasting perdition.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+_Of the War of Furra._
+
+
+The day after the King was informed that a certain King of Navarre,
+called Furra, designed to fight him at Mount Garzim. Charles therefore
+prepared for battle; but desiring to know who should perish in it, he
+entreated the Lord to show him; whereupon in the morning a red cross
+appeared on their shoulders behind. In order therefore to preserve them,
+he confined them in his Oratory. Then joining battle, Furra and three
+thousand of his troops were slain. These were all Saracens of Navarre.
+The King now returned to his Oratory, but found them all dead that he
+had left in it, to the number of one hundred and fifty men.
+
+"O holy band of Christian warriors, though the sword slew you not, yet
+did you not lose the palm of victory, or the prize of martyrdom!"
+Charles then made himself master of the mountain and castle of Garzim,
+and subdued the whole country of Navarre.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+_Of the War with Ferracute, and of Orlando's admirable Dispute with him._
+
+
+Charles now received news that a certain Giant, of the name of Ferracute,
+of the race of Goliath, was come to Nager, sent thither by Admiraldus,
+with twenty thousand Turks of Babylon, to fight him. This Giant neither
+feared spear nor dart, and was stronger than forty men. Charles
+therefore marched to Nager, and Ferracute, hearing of his arrival,
+sallied out from the city to challenge any warrior to single combat.
+
+Charles then sent Ogier the Dacian, whom the Giant no sooner perceived,
+than, leisurely approaching, he caught him up under his right arm, as
+easily as he would a lamb, and bore him off in sight of all his friends
+to the city; for the Giant's stature was twelve cubits; his face a cubit
+long; his nose a palm; his arms and thighs four cubits; and his fingers
+three palms in length.
+
+Rinaldo of the White Thorn was next sent against him, but he seized him
+in like manner, and imprisoned him with Ogier. The King then sent
+Constantine and Ocellus, but, seizing one under each arm, he bore them
+off likewise. He then sent twenty warriors by pairs against him, but
+they shared the same fate. Charles dared not then venture to send more
+warriors: but Orlando with the King's permission approached the Giant,
+who seized him instantly by the right arm, and seated him upon his steed
+before him.
+
+But as he was bearing him to the city, Orlando, recovering his strength,
+and trusting in the Almighty, seized the Giant by the beard, and tumbled
+him from his horse, so that both came to the ground together. Orlando,
+then, thinking to slay the Giant, drew his sword, and struck at him, but
+the blow fell upon his steed, and pierced him through. The Giant being
+thus on foot, drew his enormous sword, which Orlando perceiving, who had
+remounted his own charger, struck him on the sword arm, and, though he
+did not wound him, struck the sword out of his hand; which greatly
+enraging Ferracute, he aimed a blow at Orlando with his fist, but,
+missing him, hit his horse on the forehead, and laid him dead on the
+spot. And now the fight lasted till noon with fists and stones. The
+Giant then demanded a truce till next day, agreeing to meet Orlando
+without horse or spear. Each warrior then retired to his post.
+
+Next morning they accordingly met once more. The Giant brought a sword,
+but Orlando a long staff to ward off the Giant's blows, who wearied
+himself to no purpose. They now began to batter each other with stones,
+that lay scattered about the field, till at last the Giant begged a
+second truce, which being granted, he presently fell fast asleep upon
+the ground. Orlando, taking a stone for a pillow, quietly laid himself
+down also. For such was the law of honour between the Christians and
+Saracens at that time, that no one on any pretence dared to take
+advantage of his adversary before the truce was expired, as in that case
+his own party would have slain him.
+
+When Ferracute awoke, he found Orlando awake also, who thereupon rose,
+and seated himself by the Giant's side, inquiring how it came to pass he
+was so very strong? "Because," replied the Giant, "I am only vulnerable
+in the navel." Ferracute spoke in the Spanish language, which Orlando
+understanding tolerably well, a conversation now followed between them,
+which Ferracute recommenced by inquiring his name, which Orlando told
+him. "And what race are you of?" said the Giant. "Of the race of the
+Franks."--"What law do you follow?" "The law of Christ, so far as his
+grace permits me."--"Who is this Christ in whom you profess to believe?"
+"The Son of God, born of a Virgin, who took upon him our nature, was
+crucified for us, rose again from the dead, and ascended into heaven,
+where he sitteth on the right hand of his Father."
+
+"We believe," said Ferracute, "that the Creator of heaven and earth is
+one God, and that, as he was not made himself, so cannot another God
+spring from him. There is therefore only one God, not three, as I
+understand you Christians profess." "You say well," said Orlando; "there
+is but one God, but your faith is imperfect; for as the Father is God,
+so likewise is the Son, and so is the Holy Ghost. Three persons, but one
+God."--"Nay," said Ferracute: "if each of these three persons be God,
+there must be three Gods."
+
+"By no means," replied Orlando; "he is both three and one. The three
+persons are co-eternal and co-equal. There is indeed distinction of
+person, but unity of essence, and equality of majesty. Abraham saw
+three, but worshipped one. Let us recur to natural things. When the harp
+sounds, there is the art, the strings, and the hand, yet but one harp.
+In the almond there is the shell, the coat, and the kernel. In the sun,
+the body, the beams, and the heat. In the wheel, the centre, the spokes,
+and the nave. In you, likewise, there is the body, the members, and the
+soul. In like manner may Trinity in Unity be ascribed to God."
+
+"I now comprehend," replied Ferracute, "how God may be three in one, but
+I know not how he begot the Son." "Do you," answered Orlando, "believe
+that God made Adam?"--"I do." "Adam himself was not, then, born of any,
+and yet he begot sons. So God the Father is born of none, yet of his own
+ineffable grace begot the Son from all eternity."--"Your arguments,"
+said the Giant, "please me exceedingly, but still I am at a loss to
+know how he that was God became man." "The Creator of heaven and earth,
+who made all things out of nothing, could certainly," said Orlando,
+"engender his Son of a pure Virgin, by divine afflation."--"There lies
+the difficulty," returned Ferracute, "how without human aid, as you
+affirm, he could spring from the womb." "Surely," said Orlando, "God,
+who formed Adam from no seed, could form his Son in like manner; and as
+from God the Father he was without Mother, so from his Mother did he
+spring without an earthly Father."--"It makes me blush," said the Giant,
+"to think that a virgin should conceive without a man." "He," answered
+Orlando, "that causes the worm in the bean, and many species of birds,
+beasts, and serpents, to engender without the help of the male, could
+procure God and Man of a pure Virgin without the help of Man. For as his
+power enabled him to produce the first man from the ground, so could he
+produce the second from a virgin."--"I grant it," replied the Giant; "he
+might be born of a virgin; but if he was the Son of God, how could he
+die, for God never dies?" "That indeed is true," said Orlando; "as God,
+he could not die; but when he took our nature upon him, and was made
+man, he became subject to death, for every man dies. As we believe his
+nativity, so may we likewise believe his passion and resurrection."
+
+"And what is it we are to believe of his resurrection?" inquired
+Ferracute. "That he died, and rose again the third day."--The Giant,
+hearing this, was greatly astonished, and exclaimed to Orlando, "Why do
+you talk so idly? It is impossible that a man, after he is once dead,
+can return to life again." "Not only did the Son of God rise from the
+dead," replied Orlando, "but all the men that have died since the
+creation of the world shall rise again, and appear before his tribunal,
+where they shall be rewarded everyone according to his deeds, whether
+they be good or evil. That God, who makes the tree spring from the soil,
+and the grain of wheat to rot in the ground, that it may revive with
+fresh increase, can at the last day clothe the souls of men with their
+own bodies, and restore them to life. Take the mystic example of the
+lion, which on the third day revives his dead cubs with his breath by
+licking them. What wonder, then, that God should after three days revive
+his Son? Nor ought it to seem strange that, as the Son of God rose from
+the dead, many others of the dead should rise even before his own
+resurrection. If Elijah and Elisha by the power of God could perform
+this miracle, how much more easily could the Father restore the Son,
+whom it was indeed impossible that Death could retain in his fetters.
+Death fled at his sight, as he shall fly likewise at the sound of his
+voice, when the whole phalanx of the dead shall rise again."--"Enough,"
+said Ferracute, "I clearly perceive all this; but how could he ascend
+into heaven?" "He that descended," answered Orlando, "could easily
+ascend. He that rose of himself could enter the skies in triumph. Does
+not the wheel of the mill descend low, and return to its height again?
+Does not the bird in the air ascend and descend? Can you not yourself
+come down from a mountain, and return thither? Did not the sun yesterday
+rise in the east and set in the west, and yet rise again in the east
+to-day? To that place from whence the Son of God descended, did he
+likewise ascend."
+
+"Well," said Ferracute, "to end our arguments, I will fight you on these
+terms: If the faith you profess be the true faith, you shall conquer;
+otherwise the victory shall be mine; and let the issue be eternal honour
+to the conqueror, but dishonour to the vanquished." "Be it so!" said
+Orlando: whereupon they immediately fell to blows. But the very first
+which the Giant aimed at him would have certainly been fatal, if Orlando
+had not nimbly leaped aside, and caught it on his staff, which was
+however cut in twain. The Giant, seeing his advantage, then rushed in
+upon him, and both came to the ground together. Orlando then, finding it
+impossible to escape, instantly implored the divine assistance, and,
+feeling himself re-invigorated, sprung upon his feet, when, seizing
+the Giant's sword, he thrust it into his navel, and made his escape.
+Ferracute, finding himself mortally wounded, called aloud upon Mahomet;
+which the Saracens hearing, sallied from the city, and bore him off in
+their arms. Orlando returned safe to the camp; the Christians then
+boldly attacked the city, and carried it by storm. The Giant and his
+people were slain, his castle taken, and all the Christian warriors
+liberated.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+_The War of the Masks._
+
+
+Soon after the Emperor heard that Ibrahim, King of Seville, and Almanzor,
+who escaped from the battle of Pampeluna, had gathered together at
+Cordova a body of troops from seven[1] of the neighbouring cities of
+Seville. Thither then did the King pursue his march with six thousand
+men, and found the Saracens, ten thousand strong, about three miles from
+the city. The King formed his army into three divisions. The first
+composed of his best troops, all cavalry; the two last, foot. The
+Saracens formed theirs in a similar manner. But when the King in person
+advanced against the first squadrons of Pagans, he found them all
+disguised in bearded masks, with horns upon their heads, like demons,
+making so strange a din with their hands upon their drums and other
+instruments, that the horses were terrified, and galloped back in spite
+of all their riders could do to prevent them. Whereupon the foot
+retreated likewise to an adjacent mountain, where, uniting in one
+squadron, they stopped for the Saracens, who would then advance no
+further, but gave our people time to pitch their tents, and encamp that
+night.
+
+Charles then called a council of his captains, and agreed to tie
+bandages over their horses' eyes, and to stuff their ears, in order to
+disconcert this stratagem on the morrow. Admirable experiment! For now
+we fought the enemy from morning till night, and slew a great number,
+though it was by no means a general slaughter; for the Saracens, again
+joining in martial array, brought forward a castle, drawn by eight oxen,
+with a certain red banner waving upon it, which so long as they saw
+present, it was their rule never to fly. The King, knowing this, armed
+himself with a strong breast-plate, a mighty spear, and invincible
+sword, and, aided by divine assistance, hewed his way through his
+enemies, overturning them to right and left, till he reached the car,
+when, cutting the flag-pole with his sword, the Saracens instantly fled
+in all directions. Prodigious shouts were made by both armies. We then
+slew eight thousand Moors, together with Ibrahim, King of Seville.
+Almanzor made good his retreat into the city, but submitted to Charles
+the day after, consenting to be baptized, and to do homage for his
+dominions.
+
+The King now divided the conquered countries of Spain amongst his
+soldiers. Navarre and Bearn he gave to the inhabitants of Brittany;
+Castile to the Franks; Nadres and Saragossa to the Apulians; Arragon to
+the Ponthieuse; Andalusia, on the sea-coast, to the Germans; and
+Portugal to the Dacians and Flemings. But the French would not settle
+in the mountain parts of Gallicia. Thus there seemed to be no more foes
+in Spain to hurt the Emperor.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+_Of the Council the Emperor summoned; and of his Journey to
+Compostella._
+
+
+Charles then sent away the greatest part of his troops, and came to
+Gallicia, where he behaved very liberally to the Christians he found
+there, but either put to death or banished those that had revolted to
+the Moorish faith. He then appointed bishops and prelates in every city,
+and, assembling a council of the chief dignitaries in Compostella,
+decreed that the church of St. James should be henceforth considered as
+the Metropolitan, instead of Iria, as it was no city, subjecting Iria
+likewise to Compostella. In the same council I, Turpin, Archbishop of
+Rheims, together with forty other Bishops and Prelates, dedicated, by
+the King's command, the church and altar of St. James, with extraordinary
+splendour and magnificence. All Spain and Gallicia were made subject to
+this holy place: it was moreover endowed with four pieces of money from
+every house throughout the kingdom, and at the same time totally freed
+from the royal jurisdiction; being from that hour styled the Apostolic
+See, as the body of the holy Apostle laid entombed within it. Here
+likewise the general councils of Spain are held; the Bishops ordained,
+and the Kings crowned by the hand of the Metropolitan Bishop, to the
+Apostle's honour. Here too, when any crying sin is committed, or
+innovations made in the faith and precepts of our Lord, through the
+meritoriousness of this venerable edifice the grievance is discovered,
+and atonement made. As the Eastern Apostolic See was established by St.
+John, the brother of St. James, at Ephesus, so was the Western
+established by St. James.
+
+And those Sees are undoubtedly the true Sees. Ephesus on the right hand
+of Christ's earthly kingdom, and Compostella on the left, both which
+fell to the share of the sons of Zebedee, according to their request.
+There are, then, three Sees which are deservedly held pre-eminent, even
+as our Lord gave the pre-eminence to the three Apostles, Peter, James,
+and John, who first established them. And certainly these three places
+should be deemed more sacred than others, where they preached, and
+their bodies lie enshrined. Rome claims the superiority from Peter,
+Prince of the Apostles. Compostella holds the second place from St.
+James, the elder brother of St. John, and first inheritor of the crown of
+martyrdom. He dignified it with his preaching, consecrated it with his
+sepulchre, and ceases not to exalt it by miracles and dispensations of
+mercy. The third See justly is Ephesus; for there St. John wrote his
+gospel, "In the beginning was the Word," assembling there likewise the
+bishops of the neighbouring cities, whom he calls Angels in the
+Apocalypse. He established that church by his doctrines and miracles,
+and there his body was entombed. If, therefore, any difficulty should
+occur that cannot elsewhere be resolved, let it be brought before these
+Sees, and it shall, by divine grace, be decided. As Gallicia was freed
+in these early ages from the Saracen yoke, by the favour of God and St.
+James, and by the King's valour, so may it continue firm in the orthodox
+faith till the consummation of ages!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+_Of the Emperor's Person and Courage._
+
+
+The Emperor was of a ruddy complexion, with brown hair; of a well-made
+handsome form, but a stern visage. His height was about eight of his own
+feet, which were very long. He was of a strong robust make; his legs and
+thighs very stout, and his sinews firm. His face was thirteen inches
+long; his beard a palm; his nose half a palm; his forehead a foot over.
+His lion-like eyes flashed fire like carbuncles; his eyebrows were half
+a palm over. When he was angry, it was a terror to look upon him. He
+required eight spans for his girdle, besides what hung loose. He ate
+sparingly of bread; but a whole quarter of lamb, two fowls, a goose, or
+a large portion of pork; a peacock, crane, or a whole hare. He drank
+moderately of wine and water. He was so strong, that he could at a
+single blow cleave asunder an armed soldier on horseback from the head
+to the waist, and the horse likewise. He easily vaulted over four horses
+harnessed together; and could raise an armed man from the ground to his
+head, as he stood erect upon his hand.
+
+He was liberal, just in his decrees, and fluent of speech. Four days in
+the year, especially during his residence in Spain, he held a solemn
+assembly at court, adorning himself with his royal crown and sceptre;
+namely, on Christmas-day, at Easter, Whitsuntide, and on the festival of
+St. James. A naked sword, after the imperial fashion, was then borne
+before him. A hundred and twenty orthodox soldiers matched nightly round
+his couch, in three courses of forty each. A drawn sword was laid at his
+right hand, and a lighted candle at his left. Although many would
+delight to read his great actions, they would be too tedious to relate.
+How he invested Galifer, Admiral of Coleto, where he was banished, with
+the military order, and, in return for his kindness, slew Bramantes,
+his enemy, the proud Saracen King; how many kingdoms and countries
+he conquered; Abbeys he founded; bodies of the saints and relics he
+enshrined in gold; how he was made Emperor of Rome, and visited the holy
+supulchre, bringing back with him the wood of the Holy Cross, wherewith
+he endowed the shrine of St. James; of all this I shall say no more: the
+hand and the pen would sooner fail than the history. But what befel his
+army at his return to France, we now briefly proceed to tell.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+_Of the Treachery of Ganalon; the Battle of Ronceval, and the Sufferings
+of the Christian Warriors._
+
+
+When this famous Emperor had thus recovered Spain to the glory of our
+Lord and St. James, after a season he returned to Pampeluna, and
+encamped there, with his army. At that time there were in Saragossa two
+Saracen Kings, Marsir, and Beligard, his brother, sent by the Soldan of
+Babylon from Persia to Spain. Charles had bowed them to his dominion,
+and they served him always, but only with feigned fidelity. For the King
+having sent Ganalon to require them to be baptized, and to pay tribute,
+they sent him thirty horse-load of gold, silver, and jewels; forty load
+of wine likewise for his soldiers, and a thousand beautiful Saracen
+women. But at the same time they covenanted with Ganalon to betray the
+King's army into their hands for twenty horse-load of gold and silver;
+which wicked compact being accordingly made, Ganalon returned to the
+King with intelligence that Marsir would embrace the Christian faith,
+and was preparing to follow him into France to receive baptism there,
+and would then hold all Spain under oath of fealty to him. The old
+soldiers would accept the wine only, but the young men were highly
+gratified with the present of the women.
+
+Charles, confiding in Ganalon, now began his march through the pass of
+the mountains, in his return to France; giving the command of the rear
+to his nephew, Orlando, Count of Mans and Lord of Guienne, and to
+Oliver, Count of Auvergne, ordering them to keep the station of Ronceval
+with thirty thousand men, whilst he passed it with the rest of the army.
+But many, who had on the night preceding intoxicated themselves with
+wine, and been guilty of fornication with the Saracen women, and other
+women that followed the camp from France, incurred the penalty of death.
+What more shall we say? When Charles had safely passed the narrow strait
+that leads into Gascony, between the mountains, with twenty thousand of
+his warriors, Turpin, the Archbishop, and Ganalon, and while the rear
+kept guard, early in the morning Marsir and Beligard, rushing down from
+the hills, where, by Ganalon's advice, they had lain two days in ambush,
+formed their troops into two great divisions, and with the first of
+twenty thousand men attacked our army, which making a bold resistance,
+fought from morning to the third hour, and utterly destroyed the enemy.
+But a fresh body of thirty thousand Saracens now poured furiously down
+upon the Christians, already faint and exhausted with fighting so long,
+and smote them from high to low, so that scarcely one escaped. Some were
+transpierced with lances; some killed with clubs; others beheaded,
+burnt, flayed alive, or suspended on trees: only Orlando, Baldwin, and
+Theodoric, were left; the two last gained the woods, and finally
+escaped. After this terrible slaughter the Saracens retreated a league
+from the field of battle.
+
+And here it may be asked, why God permitted those to perish who in no
+wise had defiled themselves with women? It was, indeed, to prevent them
+from committing fresh sins at their return home and to give them a
+crown of glory in reward for their toils. However neither is it to be
+doubted but those who were guilty of this fault amply atoned for it by
+their death. In that awful hour they confessed his name, bewailing their
+sins, and the all-merciful God forgot not their past labours for the
+sake of Christ, for whose faith they lost their lives. The company of
+women is evidently baneful to the warrior: those earthly Princes Darius
+and Mark Antony were attended by their women, and perished; for lust at
+once enervates the soul and the body.
+
+Those who fell into intoxication and lasciviousness typify the priests
+that war against vice, but suffer themselves to be overcome by wine and
+sensual appetites till they are slain by their enemy the devil, and
+punished with eternal death.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+_Of the Death of Marsir, and the Flight of Beligard._
+
+
+As Orlando was returning after the battle was over to view the Saracen
+army, he met a certain black Saracen, who had fled from the field, and
+concealed himself in the woods, whom he seized and bound to a tree with
+four bands. Then, ascending a lofty hill, he surveyed the Moorish army,
+and seeing likewise many Christians retreating by the Ronceval road he
+blew his horn, and was joined by about a hundred of them, with whom he
+returned to the Saracen, and promised to give him his life if he would
+show him Marsir; which having performed, he set him at liberty.
+Animating his little band, Orlando was soon amidst the thickest of the
+enemy, and finding one of larger stature than the rest, he hewed him and
+his horse in twain, so that the halves fell different ways. Marsir and
+his companions then fled in all directions, but Orlando, trusting in the
+divine aid, rushed forward, and overcoming all opposition, slew Marsir
+on the spot. By this time every one of the Christians was slain, and
+Orlando himself sorely wounded in five places by lances, and grievously
+battered likewise with stones. Beligard, seeing Marsir had fallen,
+retired from the field with the rest of the Saracens; whilst Theodoric
+and Baldwin, and some few other Christians, made their way through the
+pass, towards which Orlando, wandering, came likewise to the foot of it,
+and, alighting from his steed, stretched himself on the ground, beneath
+a tree, near a block of marble, that stood upright in the meadows of
+Ronceval.
+
+Here drawing his sword, Durendal, which signifies a hard blow, a sword
+of exquisite workmanship, fine temper, and resplendent brightness, which
+he would sooner have lost his arm than parted with, as he held it in his
+hand, regarding it earnestly, addressed it in these words: "O sword of
+unparalleled brightness, excellent dimensions, admirable temper, and
+hilt of the whitest ivory, decorated with a splendid cross of gold,
+topped by a berylline apple, engraved with the sacred name of God,
+endued with keenness and every other virtue, who now shall wield thee in
+battle? who shall call thee master? He that possessed thee was never
+conquered, never daunted at the foe; phantoms never appalled him. Aided
+by Omnipotence, with thee did he destroy the Saracen, exalt the faith of
+Christ, and acquire consummate glory. Oft hast thou vindicated the blood
+of Jesus, against Pagans, Jews, and heretics; oft hewed off the hand and
+foot of the robber, fulfilling divine justice. O happy sword, keenest of
+the keen; never was one like thee! He that made thee, made not thy
+fellow! Not one escaped with life from thy stroke! If the slothful timid
+soldier should now possess thee, or the base Saracen, my grief would be
+unspeakable! Thus, then, do I prevent thy falling into their hands."--He
+then struck the block of marble thrice, which cleft it in the midst, and
+broke the sword in twain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+_Of the Sound of Orlando's Horn; of his Confession, and Death._
+
+
+He now blew a loud blast with his horn, to summon any Christian
+concealed in the adjacent woods to his assistance, or to recal his
+friends beyond the pass. This horn was endued with such power, that all
+other horns were split by its sound; and it is said that Orlando at that
+time blew it with such vehemence, that he burst the veins and nerves of
+his neck. The sound reached the King's ears, who lay encamped in the
+valley still called by his name, about eight miles from Ronceval,
+towards Gascony, being carried so far by supernatural power. Charles
+would have flown to his succour, but was prevented by Ganalon, who,
+conscious of Orlando's sufferings, insinuated it was usual with him to
+sound his horn on light occasions. "He is, perhaps," said he, "pursuing
+some wild beast, and the sound echoes through the woods; it will be
+fruitless, therefore, to seek him." O wicked traitor, deceitful as
+Judas! What dost thou merit?
+
+Orlando now grew very thirsty, and cried for water to Baldwin, who just
+then approached him; but unable to find any, and seeing him so near his
+end, he blessed him, and, again mounting his steed, galloped off for
+assistance to the army. Immediately after Theodoric came up, and,
+bitterly grieving to see him in this condition, bade him strengthen his
+soul by confessing his faith. Orlando had that morning received the
+blessed Eucharist, and confessed his sins before he went to battle, this
+being the custom with all the warriors at that time, for which purpose
+bishops and monks attended the army to give them absolution. The martyr
+of Christ then cast up his eyes to heaven, and cried, "O Lord Jesus, for
+whose sake I came into these barbarous regions; through thy aid only
+have I conquered innumerable Pagans, enduring blows and wounds,
+reproach, derision, and fatigue, heat and cold, hunger and thirst. To
+thee do I commit my soul in this trying hour. Thou, who didst suffer on
+the cross for those who deserved not thy favour, deliver my soul, I
+beseech thee, from eternal death! I confess myself a most grievous
+sinner, but thou mercifully dost forgive our sins; thou pitiest every
+one, and hatest nothing which thou hast made, covering the sins of the
+penitent in whatsoever day they turn unto thee with true contrition. O
+thou, who didst spare thy enemies, and the woman taken in adultery; who
+didst pardon Mary Magdalen, and look with compassion on the weeping
+Peter; who didst likewise open the gate of Paradise to the thief that
+confessed thee upon the cross; have mercy upon me, and receive my soul
+into thy everlasting rest!
+
+"Thou art he who preventest our bodies from perishing in the grave,
+changing them to greater glory; thou, O Lord, art he, who hast said,
+'thou rather wouldst the sinner should live than die.' I believe in thee
+with my whole heart, and confess thee with my lips; therefore I beseech
+thee to receive me into the enjoyment of a better life when this is
+ended. Let my sense and intellects be in the same measure improved as
+the shadow differs from the substance." And now, grasping the flesh and
+skin near his heart (as Theodoric afterwards related), he continued his
+speech with bitter groanings. "O Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, and of
+the blessed Virgin, with my inmost soul do I confess that thou, my
+Redeemer, dost live, and that at the day of judgment I shall rise, and
+in my flesh behold thee, my God and my Saviour!" And thrice, thus
+grasping his breast, did he repeat those words; and, laying his hand
+upon his eyes in like manner, he said, "And these eyes shall behold
+thee!" Uncovering them, he again looked up to heaven, and, signing
+himself with the sign of the cross, he uttered, "All earthly things are
+vain and unprofitable; I am now taught of Christ, that eye hath not
+seen, nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man to
+conceive, the good things that God hath prepared for them that love
+him." Then, stretching his hands to heaven, he uttered this prayer for
+them that perished in the battle:--
+
+"Let thy bowels of compassion, O Lord, be open to thy faithful servants,
+who have this day perished by the hand of the barbarians. Hither did
+they come to vindicate thy faith; for thy sake are they fallen. Do thou,
+O Lord, mercifully blot out their offences, accounting them worthy to
+be delivered from the pains of hell. Send thy archangels to rescue
+their souls from darkness, and bear them to the regions of light, where
+thy blessed martyrs eternally live and reign with thee, who dost live
+and reign with God the Father and the Holy Spirit, to all ages.
+Amen!"--Immediately after this confession and prayer, his soul winged
+its flight from his body, and was borne by angels to Paradise, where he
+reigns in transcendent glory, united by his meritorious deeds to the
+blessed choir of martyrs.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+_Of Orlando's Rank and Virtue._
+
+
+ No longer it becomes the heart to mourn
+   A hero of immortal joys possessed;
+ Of noble rank, and noble parents born,
+   For nobler deeds in heaven with glory blest.
+
+ To none inferior, thine was native worth;
+   Thy feet still tending to the temple's bounds;
+ A glorious model to the wondering earth,
+   A faithful balsam to thy country's wounds.
+
+ The Clergy's refuge, and the Widow's friend,
+   Bounteous to guests, and liberal to the poor;
+ To heaven thy parting steps may safely bend,
+   Whose works have opened wide salvation's door.
+
+ Thy tongue the fount of heavenly eloquence,
+   That still would slake the thirst, and never pall,
+ Endowed with graceful wit, and manly sense,
+   Proclaimed thee common father, friend of all.
+
+ Blest Chief, farewell! but not the marbled urn
+   That holds thy ashes can thy soul contain:
+ Our wondering eyes to heaven above we turn,
+   Where thou for ever dost triumphant reign.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+_Archbishop Turpin's Vision, and the King's Lamentation for Orlando._
+
+
+What more shall we say? Whilst the soul of the blessed Orlando was
+leaving his body, I, Turpin, standing near the King in the valley of
+Charles, at the moment I was celebrating the mass of the dead, namely,
+on the 16th day of June, fell into a trance, and, hearing the angelic
+choir sing aloud, I wondered what it might be. Now, when they had
+ascended on high, behold, there came after them a phalanx of terrible
+ones, like warriors returning from the spoil, bearing their prey.
+Presently I inquired of one of them what it meant, and was answered, "We
+are bearing the soul of Marsir to hell, but yonder is Michael bearing
+the Horn-winder to heaven." When mass was over, I told the King what I
+had seen; and whilst I was yet speaking, behold Baldwin rode up on
+Orlando's horse, and related what had befallen him, and where he had
+left the hero in the agonies of death, beside a stone in the meadows at
+the foot of the mountain; whereupon the whole army immediately marched
+back to Ronceval.
+
+The King himself first discovered the hero, lying in the form of a
+cross, and began to lament over him with bitter sighs and sobs, wringing
+his hands, and tearing his hair and beard. "O right arm," cried he, "of
+thy Sovereign's body; honour of the French; sword of justice, inflexible
+spear, inviolable breast-plate, shield of safety; a Judas Maccabeus in
+probity, a Samson in strength; in death like Saul and Jonathan; brave,
+experienced soldier, great and noble defender of the Christians, scourge
+of the Saracens; a wall to the clergy, the widow's and orphan's friend,
+just and faithful in judgment!--Renowned Count of the French, valiant
+captain of our armies, why did I leave thee here to perish? How can I
+behold thee dead, and not die myself? Why hast thou left me sorrowful
+and alone? A poor miserable King! But thou art exalted to the kingdom of
+heaven, and dost enjoy the company of angels and martyrs. Without cease
+I shall lament over thee, as David did over Saul and Jonathan, and his
+son Absalom.
+
+  Thy soul is fled to happier scenes above,
+    And left us mourning to lament thee here;
+  Blest in thy God and Saviour's fav'ring love,
+    Who wipes from every eye the trickling tear.
+
+  Six lustres and eight years thou dwelledst below,
+    But snatched from earth to heaven, thou reign'st on high,
+  Where feasts divine immortal spirits know,
+    And joys transcendent fill the starry sky."
+
+Thus did Charles mourn for Orlando to the very last day of his life. On
+the spot where he died he encamped; and caused the body to be embalmed
+with balsam, myrrh, and aloes. The whole camp watched it that night,
+honouring his corse with hymns and songs, and innumerable torches and
+fires kindled on the adjacent mountains.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+_How the Sun stood still for three Days; the Slaughter of four thousand
+Saracens; and the Death of Ganalon._
+
+
+Early on the next day they came to the field of battle in Ronceval, and
+found the bodies of their friends, many of them still alive, but
+mortally wounded. Oliver was lying on his face, pinioned to the ground
+in the form of a cross, and flayed from the neck to his finger-ends;
+pierced also with darts and javelins, and bruised with clubs. The
+mourning was now dismal; every one wept for his friend, till the groves
+and valleys resounded with wailing. Charles solemnly vowed to pursue the
+Pagans till he found them; and, marching in pursuit with his whole army,
+the sun stood still for three days, till he overtook them on the banks
+of the Ebro, near Saragossa, feasting and rejoicing for their success.
+Attacking them valiantly, he then slew four thousand, and dispersed the
+rest. What further? We now returned to Ronceval, bearing with us the
+sick and wounded to the spot where Orlando fell. The Emperor then made
+strict inquiries after the treachery of Ganalon, which began to be
+universally rumoured about. Trial was ordained by single combat, Pinabel
+for Ganalon, and Theodoric for the Accuser; when, the latter gaining the
+victory, the treason was proved. Ganalon was now sentenced to be torn to
+pieces by four wild horses, which was accordingly his end.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+_The Embalming of the Dead._
+
+
+They now embalmed the dead bodies of their friends; some with myrrh and
+balsam, some with salt, taking out the bowels, and filling the bodies
+with aromatic drugs, or with salt only. Some were buried on the spot;
+others conveyed to France; but many that became putrid and offensive
+were buried on the road. Wooden carriages were made for the dead, but
+the sick and wounded were borne away on litters upon their shoulders.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+_Of the consecrated Cemeteries of Arles and Bordeaux._
+
+
+Two chief burying grounds were now consecrated at Arles and Bordeaux by
+seven Bishops: Maximin of Aix, Trophimus of Arles, Paul of Narbonne,
+Saturnine of Thoulouse, Frontorne of Perigord, Martial of Limoges, and
+Eutropius of Xaintonge; where the major part of the warriors were
+interred that fell in the battles of Ronceval and Mount Garzim.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+_Of the Burial of Orlando and his Companions at Blaye and other Places._
+
+
+Charles deferred the burial of Orlando till he came to Blaye. His body
+was laid upon gold tapestry on two mules, covered with a pall, and at
+length honourably interred in the Church of St. Roman, which he had
+formerly built, and endowed with regular canons. His helmet was placed
+upon his head, and his ivory horn at his feet. But the body was
+afterwards translated to St. Severin in Bordeaux, the chief city of
+these provinces, where it was joyfully welcomed, as it had liberally
+tasted his munificence.
+
+At Blaye likewise was buried Oliver, and Galdebode, King of Friezeland;
+Ogier, King of Dacia; Aristagnus, King of Brittany; Garin, Duke of
+Lorraine; and many other warriors. Happy town, graced with the sepulchres
+of so many heroes! At Bordeaux, in the cemetery of St. Severin, were
+buried Gayfere, King of Bordeaux; Angelerus, Duke of Aquitaine; Lambert,
+Prince of Bourges; Galerius Galin; Rinaldo of the White Thorn; Walter
+of the Olive Trees; Vulterinus, and five thousand of their soldiers.
+Ocellus, Count of Nantes, and most of the inhabitants of Brittany, were
+buried in that city. Charles gave twelve thousand pieces of silver and
+talents of gold for the repose of their souls, and fed the poor for many
+miles round the city of Blaye; endowing the church likewise with rich
+vestments and silver ornaments, for the love he bore Orlando; freeing
+the Canons from all service but prayers for him and his companions. He
+moreover clothed and entertained thirty poor men on the anniversary of
+their martyrdom, establishing Minstrels, Masses, and other solemnities,
+which the Canons were not to neglect on that day, as they hoped to merit
+a crown of glory, which they promised to perform.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+_Of those Buried at Arles._
+
+
+After this the King and his army proceeded by the way of Gascony and
+Thoulouse, and came to Arles, where we found the army of Burgundy,
+which had left us in the hostile valley, bringing their dead by the way
+of Morbihan and Thoulouse, to bury them in the plain of Arles. Here we
+performed the rites of Estolfo, Count of Champagne; of Solomon; Sampson,
+Duke of Burgundy; Arnold of Berlanda; Alberic of Burgundy; Gumard,
+Esturinite, Hato, Juonius, Berard, Berengaire, and Naaman, Duke of
+Bourbon, and of ten thousand of their soldiers. Constantine, Governor of
+Rome, and other Romans, were conveyed thither by sea, and buried in
+Apulia. The King gave twelve thousand pieces of silver, and as many
+talents of gold, for the repose of their souls, and to the poor of
+Arles.
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+_Of the Council held at St. Denis._
+
+
+We then came to Vienne, where I remained to be healed of the scars and
+wounds I received in Spain. The King, much fatigued, at length arrived
+at Paris; and, assembling a council of his chief princes and bishops at
+St. Denis, returned thanks to God for his victory over the Pagans, and
+gave all France as a manor to that church, in the same way as St. Paul
+and St. Clement had formerly endowed the bishopric of Rome. The French
+Bishops were likewise to be ordained there, and not made subject to the
+See of Rome. Then, standing by the tomb of St. Denis, he entreated the
+Lord for all who had died in his cause.
+
+The very next night St. Denis appeared to the King in his sleep,
+assuring him that full pardon of sin was granted to all that followed
+him, and had fought and perished in the wars with the Saracens; that
+they likewise should recover of their wounds who had bestowed money on
+the church; which being made known by the King, very liberal offerings
+were made by the people, who thus acquired the name of Franks; and the
+whole land, formerly called Gaul, was now changed to France, as being
+freed from all servitude, and having dominion over other nations. The
+King then went to Aix-la-Chapelle, in the county of Liege, to bathe and
+drink the waters, where he liberally endowed St. Mary's Church with gold
+and silver, ordering it to be painted with ancient and modern histories,
+and his palace to be decorated with the representation of his wars in
+Spain; with emblems of the seven liberal arts and other excellent
+embellishments.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+_Of the King's Death._
+
+
+Soon after, the King's approaching death was revealed to me; for,
+behold, as I was praying in the church of Vienne, I fell into a trance,
+as I was singing psalms, and saw innumerable companies of soldiers pass
+before me by the Lorraine road. A certain one, black as an Ethiop,
+followed them, of whom I inquired whither he was going, and received for
+answer that he was awaiting the death of Charles to take possession of
+his soul. "I conjure you, then," said I, "by the name of the Lord Jesus,
+to return when you have completed your errand." When I had rested some
+time, and begun to explain the psalms, behold they returned back, and,
+speaking to the same person I before addressed, I inquired whom he had
+been seeking, and was answered, "the Gallician;" but the stones and
+timber of the churches he founded balanced so greatly in his favour,
+that his good works outweighed his bad, and his soul was snatched from
+us, and at this the demon vanished. Thus I understood Charles died that
+day, and was carried into the bosom of God and St. James. But as I had
+requested him, before we parted at Vienne, to send me notice of his
+decease in case it preceded mine, being then grievously sick, and
+remembering his promise, he encharged a certain learned soldier to bring
+me word the moment he died. What more need I add? The messenger arrived
+on the fifteenth day after it happened. He had, indeed, been grievously
+afflicted with illness from the hour he left Spain, and suffered still
+more in mind than in body for the friends he lost on the unfortunate
+16th of June. On the same day that I saw the vision, namely, on the 5th
+of February, in the year of our Lord 814, he departed this life, and was
+sumptuously buried in the round church of St. Mary, which he had himself
+built; and this sign I was credibly informed happened yearly for three
+years together before his death,--"The Sun and Moon became dark, and
+his name, Charles the Prince, inscribed on the church, was totally
+obliterated of itself; and the portico likewise, between the church and
+the palace, fell to the very foundation." The wooden bridge also which
+he built six years before over the Rhine at Mentz was destroyed by fire,
+self-kindled. And the same day, as a traveller was on his journey, he
+saw a great flame, like the flame of a funeral pile, pass from right to
+left before him; which terrifying him greatly, he fell from his horse,
+but was presently relieved by his friends.
+
+We therefore believe that he now enjoys the crown of the blessed
+martyrs, whose labours he imitated, whose pattern and example he
+followed. Whereby we may understand, that whoever builds a church to
+God's glory, provides for himself a residence in his kingdom. For this
+cause was Charles snatched from the hands of demons, and borne by good
+angels to heavenly habitations.
+
+
+
+
+BALLAD ROMANCE
+TOUCHING
+THE DAYS OF CHARLEMAGNE
+AND OF
+THE CID CAMPEADOR
+WITH THE BALLAD OF COUNT ALARCOS
+
+_FROM THE SPANISH BALLADS TRANSLATED BY_
+JOHN GIBSON LOCKHART.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+ PART I.
+
+
+ THE MOOR CALAYNOS                            57
+ THE ESCAPE OF GAYFEROS                       61
+ MELISENDRA                                   63
+ THE MARCH OF BERNARDO DEL CARPIO             67
+ LADY ALDA'S DREAM                            69
+ THE ADMIRAL GUARINOS                         71
+ THE COMPLAINT OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA       75
+ THE FUNERAL OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA         76
+ BERNARDO AND ALPHONSO                        78
+
+
+ PART II.
+
+ THE YOUNG CID                                81
+ XIMENA DEMANDS VENGEANCE                     83
+ THE CID AND THE FIVE MOORISH KINGS           84
+ THE CID'S COURTSHIP                          85
+ THE CID'S WEDDING                            87
+ THE CID AND THE LEPER                        88
+ BAVIECA                                      90
+ THE EXCOMMUNICATION OF THE CID               92
+
+
+ PART III.
+
+ COUNT ALARCOS AND THE INFANTA SOLIS          94
+
+
+
+
+PART I.
+
+THE MOOR CALAYNOS.
+
+
+In the following version I have taken liberty to omit a good many of the
+introductory stanzas of the famous _Coplas de Calainos_. The reader will
+remember that this ballad is alluded to in Don Quixote, where the
+Knight's nocturnal visit to Toboso is described.
+
+It is generally believed to be among the most ancient, and certainly was
+among the most popular, of all the ballads in the Cancionero.
+
+
+I.
+"I had six Moorish nurses, but the seventh was not a Moor,
+The Moors they gave me milk enow, but the Christian gave me lore;
+And she told me ne'er to listen, though sweet the words might be,
+Till he that spake had proved his troth, and pledged a gallant fee."--
+
+
+II.
+"Fair damsel," quoth Calaynos, "if thou wilt go with me,
+Say what may win thy favour, and thine that gift shall be.
+Fair stands the castle on the rock, the city in the vale,
+And bonny is the red red gold, and rich the silver pale."--
+
+
+III.
+"Fair sir," quoth she, "virginity I never will lay down
+For gold, nor yet for silver, for castle, nor for town;
+But I will be your leman for the heads of certain peers--
+And I ask but three--Rinaldo's--Roland's--and Olivier's."--
+
+
+IV.
+He kissed her hand where she did stand, he kissed her lips also,
+And "Bring forth," he cries, "my pennon, for to Paris I must go."--
+I wot ye saw them rearing his banner broad right soon,
+Whereon revealed his bloody field its pale and crescent moon.
+
+
+V.
+That broad bannere the Moore did rear, ere many days were gone,
+In foul disdain of Charlemagne, by the church of good Saint John;
+In the midst of merry Paris, on the bonny banks of Seine,
+Shall never scornful Paynim that pennon rear again.
+
+
+VI.
+His banner he hath planted high, and loud his trumpet blown,
+That all the twelve might hear it well around King Charles's throne;
+The note he blew right well they knew; both Paladin and Peer
+Had the trumpet heard of that stern lord in many a fierce career.
+
+
+VII.
+It chanced the King, that fair morning, to the chace had made him bowne,
+With many a knight of warlike might, and prince of high renown;
+Sir Reynold of Montalban, and Claros' Lord, Gaston,
+Behind him rode, and Bertram good, that reverend old Baron.
+
+
+VIII.
+Black D'Ardennes' eye of mastery in that proud troop was seen,
+And there was Urgel's giant force, and Guarinos' princely mien;
+Gallant and gay upon that day was Baldwin's youthful cheer,
+But first did ride, by Charles's side, Roland and Olivier.
+
+
+IX.
+Now in a ring around the King, not far in the greenwood,
+Awaiting all the huntsman's call, it chanced the nobles stood;
+"Now list, mine earls, now list!" quoth Charles, "yon breeze
+                                               will come again,
+Some trumpet-note methinks doth float from the bonny banks of Seine."--
+
+
+X.
+He scarce had heard the trumpet, the word he scarce had said,
+When among the trees he near him sees a dark and turbaned head;
+"Now stand, now stand at my command, bold Moor," quoth Charlemagne,
+"That turban green, how dare it be seen among the woods of Seine."--
+
+
+XI.
+"My turban green must needs be seen among the woods of Seine,"
+The Moor replied, "since here I ride in quest of Charlemagne--
+For I serve the Moor Calaynos, and I his defiance bring
+To every lord that sits at the board of Charlemagne your King.
+
+
+XII.
+"Now lordlings fair, if anywhere in the wood ye've seen him riding,
+O tell me plain the path he has ta'en--there is no cause for chiding;
+For my lord hath blown his trumpet by every gate of Paris--
+Long hours in vain, by the bank of Seine, upon his steed he tarries."--
+
+
+XIII.
+When the Emperor had heard the Moor, full red was his old cheek,
+"Go back, base cur, upon the spur, for I am he you seek--
+Go back, and tell your master to commend him to Mahoun,
+For his soul shall dwell with him in hell, or ere yon sun go down.
+
+
+XIV.
+"Mine arm is weak, my hairs are grey," (thus spake King Charlemagne,)
+"Would for one hour I had the power of my young days again,
+As when I plucked the Saxon from out his mountain den--
+O soon should cease the vaunting of this proud Saracen!
+
+
+XV.
+"Though now mine arm be weakened, though now my hairs be grey,
+The hard-won praise of other days cannot be swept away--
+If shame there be, my liegemen, that shame on you must lie--
+Go forth, go forth, good Roland; to-night this Moor must die."--
+
+
+XVI.
+Then out and spake rough Roland--"Ofttimes I've thinned the ranks
+Of the hot Moor, and when all was o'er have won me little thanks;
+Some carpet knight will take delight to do this doughty feat,
+Whom damsels gay shall well repay with their smiles and whispers sweet!"--
+
+
+XVII.
+Then out and spake Sir Baldwin--the youngest peer was he,
+The youngest and the comeliest--"Let none go forth but me;
+Sir Roland is mine uncle, and he may in safety jeer,
+But I will show the youngest may be Sir Roland's peer."--
+
+
+XVIII.
+"Nay, go not thou," quoth Charlemagne, "thou art my gallant youth,
+And braver none I look upon; but thy cheek it is too smooth;
+And the curls upon thy forehead they are too glossy bright;--
+Some elder peer must couch his spear against this crafty knight."--
+
+
+XIX.
+But away, away goes Baldwin, no words can stop him now,
+Behind him lies the greenwood, he hath gained the mountain's brow,
+He reineth first his charger, within the churchyard green,
+Where, striding slow the elms below, the haughty Moor is seen.
+
+
+XX.
+Then out and spake Calaynos--"Fair youth, I greet thee well;
+Thou art a comely stripling, and if thou with me wilt dwell,
+All for the grace of thy sweet face, thou shalt not lack thy fee,
+Within my lady's chamber a pretty page thou'lt be."--
+
+
+XXI.
+An angry man was Baldwin, when thus he heard him speak,
+"Proud knight," quoth he, "I come with thee a bloody spear to break."--
+O, sternly smiled Calaynos, when thus he heard him say,--
+O loudly as he mounted his mailèd barb did neigh.
+
+
+XXII.
+One shout, one thrust, and in the dust young Baldwin lies full low--
+No youthful knight could bear the might of that fierce warrior's blow;
+Calaynos draws his falchion, and waves it to and fro,
+"Thy name now say, and for mercy pray, or to hell thy soul must go."--
+
+
+XXIII.
+The helpless youth revealed the truth. Then said the conqueror--
+"I spare thee for thy tender years, and for thy great valour;
+But thou must rest thee captive here, and serve me on thy knee,
+For fain I'd tempt some doughtier peer to come and rescue thee."
+
+
+XXIV.
+Sir Roland heard that haughty word, (he stood behind the wall,)
+His heart, I trow, was heavy enow, when he saw his kinsman fall;
+But now his heart was burning, and never a word he said,
+But clasped his buckler on his arm, his helmet on his head.
+
+
+XXV.
+Another sight saw the Moorish knight, when Roland blew his horn,
+To call him to the combat in anger and in scorn;
+All cased in steel from head to heel, in the stirrup high he stood,
+The long spear quivered in his hand, as if athirst for blood.
+
+
+XXVI.
+Then out and spake Calaynos--"Thy name I fain would hear;
+A coronet on thy helm is set; I guess thou art a Peer."--
+Sir Roland lifted up his horn, and blew another blast,
+"No words, base Moor," quoth Roland, "this hour shall be thy last."--
+
+
+XXVII.
+I wot they met full swiftly, I wot the shock was rude;
+Down fell the misbeliever, and o'er him Roland stood;
+Close to his throat the steel he brought, and plucked his beard full sore--
+"What devil brought thee hither?--speak out or die, false Moor!"--
+
+
+XXVIII.
+"O! I serve a noble damsel, a haughty maid of Spain,
+And in evil day I took my way, that I her grace might gain;
+For every gift I offered, my lady did disdain,
+And craved the ears of certain Peers that ride with Charlemagne."--
+
+
+XXIX.
+Then loudly laughed rough Roland--"Full few will be her tears,
+It was not love her soul did move, when she bade thee beard THE PEERS."--
+With that he smote upon his throat, and spurned his crest in twain,
+"No more," he cries, "this moon will rise above the woods of Seine."
+
+
+
+
+THE ESCAPE OF GAYFEROS.
+
+
+The story of Gayfer de Bourdeaux is to be found at great length in the
+Romantic Chronicle of Charlemagne; and it has supplied the Spanish
+minstrels with subjects for a long series of ballads.
+
+In that which follows, Gayferos, yet a boy, is represented as hearing
+from his mother the circumstances of his father's death; and as narrowly
+escaping with his own life, in consequence of his stepfather's cruelty.
+
+
+I.
+Before her knee the boy did stand, within the dais so fair,
+The golden shears were in her hand, to clip his curlèd hair;
+And ever as she clipped the curls, such doleful words she spake,
+That tears ran from Gayferos' eyes, for his sad mother's sake.
+
+
+II.
+"God grant a beard were on thy face, and strength thine arm within,
+To fling a spear, or swing a mace, like Roland Paladin!
+For then, I think, thou wouldst avenge thy father that is dead,
+Whom envious traitors slaughtered within thy mother's bed.
+
+
+III.
+"Their bridal-gifts were rich and rare, that hate might not be seen;
+They cut me garments broad and fair--none fairer hath the Queen."--
+Then out and spake the little boy--"Each night to God I call,
+And to his blessèd Mother, to make me strong and tall!"--
+
+
+IV.
+The Count he heard Gayferos, in the palace where he lay;--
+"Now silence, silence, Countess! it is falsehood that you say;
+I neither slew the man, nor hired another's sword to slay;--
+But, for that the mother hath desired, be sure the son shall pay!"
+
+
+V.
+The Count called to his esquires, (old followers were they,
+Whom the dead Lord had nurtured for many a merry day)--
+He bade them take their old Lord's heir, and stop his tender breath--
+Alas! 'twas piteous but to hear the manner of that death.
+
+
+VI.
+"List, esquires, list, for my command is offspring of mine oath--
+The stirrup-foot and the hilt-hand see that ye sunder both;--
+That ye cut out his eyes 'twere best--the safer he will go--
+And bring a finger and the heart, that I his end may know."--
+
+
+VII.
+The esquires took the little boy aside with them to go;
+Yet, as they went, they did repent--"O God! must this be so?
+How shall we think to look for grace, if this poor child we slay,
+When ranged before Christ Jesu's face at the great judgment day?"--
+
+
+VIII.
+While they, not knowing what to do, were standing in such talk,
+The Countess' little lap-dog bitch by chance did cross their walk;
+Then out and spake one of the 'squires, (you may hear the words he said,)
+"I think the coming of this bitch may serve us in good stead--
+
+
+IX.
+"Let us take out the bitch's heart, and give it to Galvan;
+The boy may with a finger part, and be no worser man."--
+With that they cut the joint away, and whispered in his ear,
+That he must wander many a day, nor once those parts come near.
+
+
+X.
+"Your uncle grace and love will show; he is a bounteous man;"--
+And so they let Gayferos go, and turned them to Galvan.
+The heart and the small finger upon the board they laid,
+And of Gayferos' slaughter a cunning story made.
+
+
+XI.
+The Countess, when she hears them, in great grief loudly cries:
+Meantime the stripling safely unto his uncle hies:--
+"Now welcome, my fair boy," he said, "what good news may they be
+Come with thee to thine uncle's hall?"--"Sad tidings come with me--
+
+
+XII.
+"The false Galvan had laid his plan to have me in my grave;
+But I've escaped him, and am here, my boon from thee to crave:
+Rise up, rise up, mine uncle, thy brother's blood they've shed;
+Rise up--they've slain my father within my mother's bed."[2]
+
+
+
+
+MELISENDRA.
+
+
+The following is a version of another of the ballads concerning
+Gayferos. It is the same that is quoted in the chapter of the
+Puppet-show in Don Quixote.
+
+"'Child, child,' said Don Quixote, 'go on directly with your story, and
+don't keep us here with your excursions and ramblings out of the road. I
+tell you there must be a formal process, and legal trial, to prove
+matters of fact.'--'Boy,' said the master from behind the show, 'do as
+the gentleman bids you. Don't run so much upon flourishes, but follow
+your plain song, without venturing on counterpoints, for fear of
+spoiling all'--'I will, sir,' quoth the boy, and so proceeding: 'Now,
+sirs, he that you see there a-horseback, wrapt up in the Gascoign-cloak,
+is Don Gayferos himself, whom his wife, now revenged on the Moor for his
+impudence, seeing from the battlements of the tower, takes him for a
+stranger, and talks with him as such, according to the ballad,
+
+ 'Quoth Melisendra, if perchance,
+  Sir Traveller, you go for France,
+  For pity's sake, ask when you're there,
+  For Gayferos, my husband dear.'
+
+
+"'I omit the rest, not to tire you with a long story. It is sufficient
+that he makes himself known to her, as you may guess by the joy she
+shows; and, accordingly, now see how she lets herself down from the
+balcony, to come at her loving husband, and get behind him; but,
+unhappily, alas! one of the skirts of her gown is caught upon one of the
+spikes of the balcony, and there she hangs and hovers in the air
+miserably, without being able to get down. But see how Heaven is
+merciful, and sends relief in the greatest distress! Now Don Gayferos
+rides up to her, and, not fearing to tear her rich gown, lays hold on
+it, and at one pull brings her down; and then at one lift sets her
+astride upon his horse's crupper, bidding her to sit fast, and clap her
+arms about him, that she might not fall; for the lady Melisendra was not
+used to that kind of riding.
+
+"'Observe now, gallants, how the horse neighs, and shows how proud he is
+of the burden of his brave master and fair mistress. Look, now, how they
+turn their backs, and leave the city, and gallop it merrily away towards
+Paris. Peace be with you, for a peerless couple of true lovers! may ye
+get safe and sound into your own country, without any lett or ill
+chance in your journey, and live as long as Nestor, in peace and
+quietness among your friends and relations.'--'Plainness, boy!' cried
+Master Peter, 'none of your flights, I beseech you, for affectation is
+the devil.'--The boy answered nothing, but going on: 'Now, sirs,' quoth
+he, 'some of those idle people, that love to pry into everything,
+happened to spy Melisendra as she was making her escape, and ran
+presently and gave Marsilius notice of it; whereupon he straight
+commanded to sound an alarm; and now mind what a din and hurly-burly
+there is, and how the city shakes with the ring of the bells backwards
+in all the mosques!'--'There you are out, boy,' said Don Quixote; 'the
+Moors have no bells, they only use kettle-drums, and a kind of shaulms
+like our waits or hautboys; so that your ringing of bells in Sansueña is
+a mere absurdity, good Master Peter.'--'Nay, sir,' said Master Peter,
+giving over ringing, 'if you stand upon these trifles with us, we shall
+never please you. Don't be so severe a critic. Are there not a thousand
+plays that pass with great success and applause, though they have many
+greater absurdities, and nonsense in abundance? On, boy, on, let there
+be as many impertinences as motes in the sun; no matter, so I get the
+money.'--'Well said,' answered Don Quixote.--'And now, sirs,' quoth the
+boy, 'observe what a vast company of glittering horse comes pouring out
+of the city, in pursuit of the Christian lovers; what a dreadful sound
+of trumpets, and clarions, and drums, and kettle-drums there is in the
+air. I fear they will overtake them, and then will the poor wretches be
+dragged along most barbarously at the tails of their horses, which would
+be sad indeed.'
+
+"Don Quixote, seeing such a number of Moors, and hearing such an alarm,
+thought it high time to assist the flying lovers; and starting up, 'It
+shall never be said while I live,' cried he aloud, 'that I suffered such
+a wrong to be done to so famous a knight and so daring a lover as Don
+Gayferos. Forbear, then, your unjust pursuit, ye base-born rascals!
+Stop, or prepare to meet my furious resentment!' Then drawing out his
+sword, to make good his threats, at one spring he gets to the show, and
+with a violent fury lays at the Moorish puppets, cutting and slashing in
+a most terrible manner: some he overthrows, and beheads others; maims
+this, and cleaves that in pieces. Among the rest of his merciless
+strokes, he thundered one down with such a mighty force, that had not
+Master Peter luckily ducked and squatted down, it had certainly chopped
+off his head as easily as one might cut an apple."
+
+I.
+At Sansueña,[3] in the tower, fair Melisendra lies,
+Her heart is far away in France, and tears are in her eyes;
+The twilight shade is thickening laid on Sansueña's plain,
+Yet wistfully the lady her weary eyes doth strain.
+
+
+II.
+She gazes from the dungeon strong, forth on the road to Paris,
+Weeping, and wondering why so long her Lord Gayferos tarries,
+When lo! a knight appears in view--a knight of Christian mien,
+Upon a milk-white charger he rides the elms between.
+
+
+III.
+She from her window reaches forth her hand a sign to make,
+"O, if you be a knight of worth, draw near for mercy's sake;
+For mercy and sweet charity, draw near, Sir Knight to me,
+And tell me if ye ride to France, or whither bowne ye be.
+
+
+IV.
+"O, if ye be a Christian knight, and if to France you go,
+I pr'ythee tell Gayferos that you have seen my woe;
+That you have seen me weeping, here in the Moorish tower,
+While he is gay by night and day, in hall and lady's bower.
+
+
+V.
+"Seven summers have I waited, seven winters long are spent,
+Yet word of comfort none he speaks, nor token hath he sent;
+And if he is weary of my love, and would have me wed a stranger,
+Still say his love is true to him--nor time nor wrong can change her."--
+
+
+VI.
+The knight on stirrup rising, bids her wipe her tears away,--
+"My love, no time for weeping, no peril save delay--
+Come, boldly spring, and lightly leap--no listening Moor is near us,
+And by dawn of day we'll be far away,"--so spake the Knight Gayferos.
+
+
+VII.
+She has made the sign of the Cross divine, and an Ave she hath said,
+And she dares the leap both wide and deep--that damsel without dread;
+And he hath kissed her pale pale cheek, and lifted her behind,
+Saint Denis speed the milk-white steed--no Moor their path shall find.
+
+
+
+
+THE MARCH OF BERNARDO DEL CARPIO.
+
+
+Of Bernardo del Carpio, we find little or nothing in the French romances
+of Charlemagne. He belongs exclusively to Spanish History, or rather
+perhaps to Spanish Romance; in which the honour is claimed for him of
+slaying the famous Orlando, or Roland, the nephew of Charlemagne, in the
+fatal field of Roncesvalles.
+
+The continence which procured for Alonzo, who succeeded to the
+precarious throne of the Christians, in the Asturias, about 795, the
+epithet of the Chaste, was not universal in his family. By an intrigue
+with Sancho Diaz, Count of Saldaña, or Saldenha, Donna Ximena, sister of
+this virtuous prince, bore a son. Some historians attempt to gloss over
+this incident, by alleging that a private marriage had taken place
+between the lovers: but King Alphonso, who was well-nigh sainted for
+living only in platonic union with his wife Bertha, took the scandal
+greatly to heart. He shut up the peccant princess in a cloister, and
+imprisoned her gallant in the castle of Luna, where he caused him to be
+deprived of sight. Fortunately, his wrath did not extend to the
+offspring of their stolen affections, the famous Bernardo del Carpio.
+When the youth had grown up to manhood, Alphonso, according to the
+Spanish chroniclers, invited the Emperor Charlemagne into Spain, and
+having neglected to raise up heirs for the kingdom of the Goths in the
+ordinary manner, he proposed the inheritance of his throne as the price
+of the alliance of Charles. But the nobility, headed by Bernardo del
+Carpio, remonstrated against the king's choice of a successor, and would
+on no account consent to receive a Frenchman as heir of their crown.
+Alphonso himself repented of the invitation he had given Charlemagne,
+and when that champion of Christendom came to expel the Moors from
+Spain, he found the conscientious and chaste Alphonso had united with
+the infidels against him. An engagement took place in the renowned pass
+of Roncesvalles, in which the French were defeated, and the celebrated
+Roland, or Orlando, was slain. The victory was ascribed chiefly to the
+prowess of Bernardo del Carpio.
+
+The following ballad describes the enthusiasm excited among the Leonese,
+when Bernard first raised his standard to oppose the progress of
+Charlemagne's army.
+
+
+I.
+With three thousand Men of Leon, from the city Bernard goes,
+To protect the soil Hispanian from the spear of Frankish foes
+From the city which is planted in the midst between the seas,
+To preserve the name and glory of old Pelayo's victories.
+
+
+II.
+The peasant hears upon his field the trumpet of the knight,
+He quits his team for spear and shield, and garniture of might,
+The shepherd hears it 'mid the mist--he flingeth down his crook,
+And rushes from the mountain like a tempest-troubled brook.
+
+
+III.
+The youth who shows a maiden's chin, whose brows have ne'er been bound
+The helmet's heavy ring within, gains manhood from the sound;
+The hoary sire beside the fire forgets his feebleness,
+Once more to feel the cap of steel a warrior's ringlets press.
+
+
+IV.
+As through the glen his spears did gleam, these soldiers from the hills,
+They swelled his host, as mountain-stream receives the roaring rills;
+They round his banner flocked, in scorn of haughty Charlemagne,
+And thus upon their swords are sworn the faithful sons of Spain.
+
+
+V.
+"Free were we born," 'tis thus they cry, "though to our King we owe
+The homage and the fealty behind his crest to go;
+By God's behest our aid he shares, but God did ne'er command,
+That we should leave our children heirs of an enslavèd land.
+
+
+VI.
+"Our breasts are not so timorous, nor are our arms so weak,
+Nor are our veins so bloodless, that we our vow should break,
+To sell our freedom for the fear of Prince or Paladin,--
+At least we'll sell our birthright dear, no bloodless prize they'll win.
+
+
+VII.
+"At least King Charles, if God decrees he must be lord of Spain,
+Shall witness that the Leonese were not aroused in vain;
+He shall bear witness that we died, as lived our sires of old,
+Nor only of Numantium's pride shall minstrel tales be told.
+
+
+VIII.
+"THE LION[4] that hath bathed his paws in seas of Libyan gore,
+Shall he not battle for the laws and liberties of yore?
+Anointed cravens may give gold to whom it likes them well,
+But steadfast heart and spirit bold Alphonso ne'er shall sell."
+
+
+
+
+LADY ALDA'S DREAM.
+
+
+The following is an attempt to render one of the most admired of all the
+Spanish ballads.
+
+
+ En Paris esta Doña Alda, la esposa de Don Roldan,
+ Trecientas damas con ella, para la accompañar,
+ Todas visten un vestido, todas calçan un calçar, &c.
+
+
+In its whole structure and strain it bears a very remarkable resemblance
+to several of our own old ballads--both English and Scottish.
+
+
+I.
+In Paris sits the lady that shall be Sir Roland's bride,
+Three hundred damsels with her, her bidding to abide;
+All clothed in the same fashion, both the mantle and the shoon,
+All eating at one table, within her hall at noon:
+All, save the Lady Alda, she is lady of them all,
+She keeps her place upon the dais, and they serve her in her hall;
+The thread of gold a hundred spin, the lawn a hundred weave,
+And a hundred play sweet melody within Alda's bower at eve.
+
+
+II.
+With the sound of their sweet playing, the lady falls asleep,
+And she dreams a doleful dream, and her damsels hear her weep;
+There is sorrow in her slumber, and she waketh with a cry,
+And she calleth for her damsels, and swiftly they come nigh.
+"Now, what is it, Lady Alda," (you may hear the words they say,)
+"Bringeth sorrow to thy pillow, and chaseth sleep away?"--
+"O, my maidens!" quoth the lady, "my heart it is full sore!
+I have dreamt a dream of evil, and can slumber never more.
+
+
+III.
+"For I was upon a mountain, in a bare and desert place,
+And I saw a mighty eagle, and a falcon he did chase;
+And to me the falcon came, and I hid it in my breast,
+But the mighty bird, pursuing, came and rent away my vest;
+And he scattered all the feathers, and blood was on his beak,
+And ever, as he tore and tore, I heard the falcon shriek;--
+Now read my vision, damsels, now read my dream to me,
+For my heart may well be heavy that doleful sight to see."--
+
+
+IV.
+Out spake the foremost damsel was in her chamber there--
+(You may hear the words she says), "O! my lady's dream is fair--
+The mountain is St. Denis' choir; and thou the falcon art,
+And the eagle strong that teareth the garment from thy heart,
+And scattereth the feathers, he is the Paladin--
+That, when again he comes from Spain, must sleep thy bower within;--
+Then be blithe of cheer, my lady, for the dream thou must not grieve,
+It means but that thy bridegroom shall come to thee at eve."--
+
+
+V.
+"If thou hast read my vision, and read it cunningly,"--
+Thus said the Lady Alda, "thou shalt not lack thy fee." But
+woe is me for Alda! there was heard, at morning hour,
+A voice of lamentation within that lady's bower,
+For there had come to Paris a messenger by night,
+And his horse it was a-weary, and his visage it was white;
+And there's weeping in the chamber and there's silence in the hall,
+For Sir Roland had been slaughtered in the chase of Roncesval.
+
+
+
+
+THE ADMIRAL GUARINOS.
+
+
+This is a translation of the ballad which Don Quixote and Sancho Panza,
+when at Toboso, overheard a peasant singing, as he was going to his work
+at daybreak.--"Iba cantando," says Cervantes, "aquel romance que dice,
+Mala la vistes Franceses la caça de Roncesvalles."
+
+
+I.
+The day of Roncesvalles was a dismal day for you,
+Ye men of France, for there the lance of King Charles was broke in two.
+Ye well may curse that rueful field, for many a noble peer,
+In fray or fight, the dust did bite, beneath Bernardo's spear.
+
+
+II.
+There captured was Guarinos, King Charles's admiral;
+Seven Moorish kings surrounded him, and seized him for their thrall;
+Seven times, when all the chase was o'er, for Guarinos lots they cast;
+Seven times Marlotes won the throw, and the knight was his at last.
+
+
+III.
+Much joy had then Marlotes, and his captive much did prize,
+Above all the wealth of Araby, he was precious in his eyes.
+Within his tent at evening he made the best of cheer,
+And thus, the banquet done, he spake unto his prisoner.
+
+
+IV.
+"Now, for the sake of Alla, Lord Admiral Guarinos
+Be thou a Moslem, and much love shall ever rest between us.
+Two daughters have I--all the day thy handmaid one shall be,
+The other (and the fairer far) by night shall cherish thee.
+
+
+V.
+"The one shall be thy waiting-maid, thy weary feet to lave,
+To scatter perfumes on thy head, and fetch thee garments brave;
+The other--she the pretty--shall deck her bridal bower,
+And my field and my city they both shall be her dower.
+
+
+VI.
+"If more thou wishest, more I'll give--speak boldly what thy thought is."--
+Thus earnestly and kindly to Guarinos said Marlotes;--
+But not a moment did he take to ponder or to pause,
+Thus clear and quick the answer of the Christian Captain was:
+
+
+VII.
+"Now, God forbid! Marlotes, and Mary, his dear mother,
+That I should leave the faith of Christ, and bind me to another.
+For women--I've one wife in France, and I'll wed no more in Spain;
+I change not faith, I break not vow, for courtesy or gain."--
+
+
+VIII.
+Wroth waxed King Marlotes, when thus he heard him say,
+And all for ire commanded, he should be led away;
+Away unto the dungeon keep, beneath its vault to lie,
+With fetters bound in darkness deep, far off from sun and sky.
+
+
+IX.
+With iron bands they bound his hands. That sore unworthy plight
+Might well express his helplessness, doomed never more to fight.
+Again, from cincture down to knee, long bolts of iron he bore,
+Which signified the knight should ride on charger never more.
+
+
+X.
+Three times alone, in all the year, it is the captive's doom,
+To see God's daylight bright and clear, instead of dungeon-gloom;
+Three times alone they bring him out, like Samson long ago,
+Before the Moorish rabble-rout to be a sport and show.
+
+
+XI.
+On three high feasts they bring him forth, a spectacle to be,
+The feast of Pasque, and the great day of the Nativity,
+And on that morn, more solemn yet, when the maidens strip the bowers,
+And gladden mosque and minaret with the first fruits of the flowers.
+
+
+XII.
+Days come and go of gloom and show. Seven years are come and gone,
+And now doth fall the festival of the holy Baptist John;
+Christian and Moslem tilts and jousts, to give it homage due;
+And rushes on the paths to spread they force the sulky Jew.
+
+
+XIII.
+Marlotes, in his joy and pride, a target high doth rear,
+Below the Moorish knights must ride and pierce it with the spear;
+But 'tis so high up in the sky, albeit much they strain,
+No Moorish lance so far may fly, Marlotes' prize to gain.
+
+
+XIV.
+Wroth waxed King Marlotes, when he beheld them fail,
+The whisker trembled on his lip, and his cheek for ire was pale;
+And heralds proclamation made, with trumpets, through the town,--
+"Nor child shall suck, nor man shall eat, till the mark be tumbled down."
+
+
+XV.
+The cry of proclamation, and the trumpet's haughty sound,
+Did send an echo to the vault where the admiral was bound.
+"Now, help me God!" the captive cries, "what means this din so loud?
+Oh, Queen of Heaven! be vengeance given on these thy haters proud!
+
+
+XVI.
+"O! is it that some Pagan gay doth Marlotes' daughter wed,
+And that they bear my scorned fair in triumph to his bed?
+Or is it that the day is come--one of the hateful three,
+When they, with trumpet, fife, and drum, make heathen game of me?"--
+
+
+XVII.
+These words the jailer chanced to hear, and thus to him he said,
+"These tabors, Lord, and trumpets clear, conduct no bride to bed;
+Nor has the feast come round again, when he that has the right,
+Commands thee forth, thou foe of Spain, to glad the people's sight.
+
+
+XVIII.
+"This is the joyful morning of John the Baptist's day,
+When Moor and Christian feasts at home, each in his nation's way;
+But now our King commands that none his banquet shall begin,
+Until some knight, by strength or sleight, the spearman's prize do win."--
+
+
+XIX.
+Then out and spake Guarinos, "O! soon each man should feed,
+Were I but mounted once again on my own gallant steed.
+O! were I mounted as of old, and harnessed cap-a-pee,
+Full soon Marlotes' prize I'd hold, whate'er its price may be.
+
+
+XX.
+"Give me my horse, mine old grey horse, so be he is not dead,
+All gallantly caparisoned, with plate on breast and head,
+And give the lance I brought from France, and if I win it not,
+My life shall be the forfeiture--I'll yield it on the spot."--
+
+
+XXI.
+The jailer wondered at his words. Thus to the knight said he,
+"Seven weary years of chains and gloom have little humbled thee;
+There's never a man in Spain, I trow, the like so well might bear;
+An' if thou wilt, I with thy vow will to the King repair."--
+
+
+XXII.
+The jailer put his mantle on, and came unto the King,
+He found him sitting on the throne, within his listed ring;
+Close to his ear he planted him, and the story did begin,
+How bold Guarinos vaunted him the spearman's prize to win.
+
+
+XXIII.
+That, were he mounted but once more on his own gallant grey,
+And armed with the lance he bore on the Roncesvalles' day,
+What never Moorish knight could pierce, he would pierce it at a blow,
+Or give with joy his life-blood fierce, at Marlotes' feet to flow.
+
+
+XXIV.
+Much marvelling, then said the King, "Bring Sir Guarinos forth,
+And in the Grange go seek ye for his grey steed of worth;
+His arms are rusty on the wall--seven years have gone, I judge,
+Since that strong horse has bent his force to be a carrion drudge.
+
+
+XXV.
+"Now this will be a sight indeed, to see the enfeebled lord
+Essay to mount that ragged steed, and draw that rusty sword;
+And for the vaunting of his phrase he well deserves to die,
+So, jailer, gird his harness on, and bring your champion nigh."--
+
+
+XXVI.
+They have girded on his shirt of mail, his cuisses well they've clasped,
+And they've barred the helm on his visage pale, and his hand the lance
+                                                           hath clasped,
+And they have caught the old grey horse, the horse he loved of yore,
+And he stands pawing at the gate--caparisoned once more.
+
+
+XXVII.
+When the knight came out the Moors did shout, and loudly laughed the King,
+For the horse he pranced and capered, and furiously did fling;
+But Guarinos whispered in his ear, and looked into his face,
+Then stood the old charger like a lamb, with a calm and gentle grace.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+O! Lightly did Guarinos vault into the saddle-tree,
+And slowly riding down made halt before Marlotes' knee;
+Again the heathen laughed aloud--"All hail, Sir Knight," quoth he,
+"Now do thy best, thou champion proud. Thy blood I look to see."--
+
+
+XXIX.
+With that Guarinos, lance in rest, against the scoffer rode,
+Pierced at one thrust his envious breast, and down his turban trode.
+Now ride, now ride, Guarinos--nor lance nor rowel spare--
+Slay, slay, and gallop for thy life.--The land of France lies _there_!
+
+
+
+
+THE COMPLAINT OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA.
+
+
+This ballad is intended to represent the feelings of Don Sancho, Count
+of Saldenha or Saldaña, while imprisoned by King Alphonso, and, as he
+supposed, neglected and forgotten, both by his wife, or rather mistress,
+Donna Ximena, and by his son, the famous Bernardo del Carpio.
+
+
+I.
+The Count Don Sancho Diaz, the Signior of Saldane,
+Lies weeping in his prison, for he cannot refrain:--
+King Alphonso and his sister, of both doth he complain,
+But most of bold Bernardo, the champion of Spain.
+
+
+II.
+"The weary years I durance brook, how many they have been,
+When on these hoary hairs I look, may easily be seen;
+When they brought me to this castle, my curls were black, I ween,
+Woe worth the day! they have grown grey these rueful walls between.
+
+
+III.
+"They tell me my Bernardo is the doughtiest lance in Spain,
+But if he were my loyal heir, there's blood in every vein
+Whereof the voice his heart would hear--his hand would not gainsay;--
+Though the blood of kings be mixed with mine, it would not have
+                                                      all the sway.
+
+
+IV.
+"Now all the three have scorn of me--unhappy man am I!
+They leave me without pity--they leave me here to die.
+A stranger's feud, albeit rude, were little dole or care,
+But he's my own, both flesh and bone; his scorn is ill to bear.
+
+
+V.
+"From Jailer and from Castellain I hear of hardiment
+And chivalry in listed plain on joust and tourney spent;--
+I hear of many a battle, in which thy spear is red,
+But help from thee comes none to me where I am ill bested.
+
+
+VI.
+"Some villain spot is in thy blood to mar its gentle strain,
+Else would it show forth hardihood for him from whom 'twas ta'en;
+Thy hope is young, thy heart is strong, but yet a day may be,
+When thou shalt weep in dungeon deep, and none thy weeping see."
+
+
+
+
+THE FUNERAL OF THE COUNT OF SALDENHA.
+
+
+The ballads concerning Bernardo del Carpio are, upon the whole, in
+accordance with his history as given in the _Coronica General_.
+According to the Chronicle, Bernardo being at last wearied out of all
+patience by the cruelty of which his father was the victim, determined
+to quit the Court of his King, and seek an alliance among the Moors.
+Having fortified himself in the Castle of Carpio, he made continual
+incursions into the territory of Leon, pillaging and plundering wherever
+he came. The King at length besieged him in his stronghold, but the
+defence was so gallant, that there appeared no prospect of success;
+whereupon many of the gentlemen in Alphonso's camp entreated the King to
+offer Bernardo immediate possession of his father's person, if he would
+surrender his castle.
+
+Bernardo at once consented; but the King gave orders to have Count
+Sancho Diaz taken off instantly in his prison. "When he was dead they
+clothed him in splendid attire, mounted him on horseback, and so led him
+towards Salamanca, where his son was expecting his arrival. As they drew
+nigh the city, the King and Bernardo rode out to meet them; and when
+Bernardo saw his father approaching, he exclaimed,--'O God! is the Count
+of Saldaña indeed coming?'--'Look where he is,' replied the cruel King;
+'and now go and greet him whom you have so long desired to see.'
+Bernardo went forward and took his father's hand to kiss it; but when he
+felt the dead weight of the hand, and saw the livid face of the corpse,
+he cried aloud, and said,--'Ah, Don Sandiaz, in an evil hour didst thou
+beget me!--Thou art dead, and I have given my stronghold for thee, and
+now I have lost all.'"
+
+
+I.
+All in the centre of the choir Bernardo's knees are bent,
+Before him for his murdered sire yawns the old monument.
+
+
+II.
+His kinsmen of the Carpio blood are kneeling at his back,
+With knightly friends and vassals good, all garbed in weeds of black.
+
+
+III.
+He comes to make the obsequies of a basely slaughtered man,
+And tears are running down from eyes whence ne'er before they ran.
+
+
+IV.
+His head is bowed upon the stone; his heart, albeit full sore,
+Is strong as when in days bygone he rode o'er Frank and Moor;
+
+
+V.
+And now between his teeth he mutters, that none his words can hear;
+And now the voice of wrath he utters, in curses loud and clear.
+
+
+VI.
+He stoops him o'er his father's shroud, his lips salute the bier;
+He communes with the corse aloud, as if none else were near.
+
+
+VII.
+His right hand doth his sword unsheath, his left doth pluck his beard;--
+And while his liegemen held their breath, these were the words
+                                                           they heard:--
+
+
+VIII.
+"Go up, go up, thou blessed ghost, into the arms of God;
+Go, fear not lest revenge be lost, when Carpio's blood hath flowed;
+
+
+IX.
+"The steel that drank the blood of France, the arm thy foe that shielded,
+Still, Father, thirsts that burning lance, and still thy son can wield it."
+
+
+
+
+BERNARDO AND ALPHONSO.
+
+
+The incident recorded in this ballad may be supposed to have occurred
+immediately after the funeral of the Count of Saldenha. As to what was
+the end of the knight's history, we are left almost entirely in the
+dark, both by the Chronicle and by the Romancero. It appears to be
+intimated, that after his father's death, he once more "took service"
+among the Moors, who are represented in several of the ballads as
+accustomed to exchange offices of courtesy with Bernardo.
+
+I.
+With some good ten of his chosen men, Bernardo hath appeared
+Before them all in the palace hall, the lying King to beard;
+With cap in hand and eye on ground, he came in reverend guise,
+But ever and anon he frowned, and flame broke from his eyes.
+
+
+II.
+"A curse upon thee," cries the King, "who comest unbid to me;
+But what from traitor's blood should spring, save traitors like to thee?
+His sire, Lords, had a traitor's heart; perchance our Champion brave
+Made think it were a pious part to share Don Sancho's grave."
+
+
+III.
+"Whoever told this tale the King hath rashness to repeat,"
+Cries Bernard, "here my gage I fling before THE LIAR'S feet!
+No treason was in Sancho's blood, no stain in mine doth lie--
+Below the throne what knight will own the coward calumny?
+
+
+IV.
+"The blood that I like water shed, when Roland did advance,
+By secret traitors hired and led, to make us slaves of France;--
+The life of King Alphonso I saved at Roncesval,--
+Your words, Lord King, are recompense abundant for it all.
+
+
+V.
+"Your horse was down--your hope was flown--I saw the falchion shine,
+That soon had drunk your royal blood, had not I ventured mine;
+But memory soon of service done deserteth the ingrate,
+And ye've thanked the son for life and crown by the father's bloody fate.
+
+
+VI.
+"Ye swore upon your kingly faith, to set Don Sancho free,
+But curse upon your paltering breath, the light he ne'er did see;
+He died in dungeon cold and dim, by Alphonso's base decree,
+And visage blind, and stiffened limb, were all they gave to me.
+
+
+VII.
+"The King that swerveth from his word hath stained his purple black,
+No Spanish Lord will draw the sword behind a Liar's back;
+But noble vengeance shall be mine, an open hate I'll show--
+The King hath injured Carpio's line, and Bernard is his foe."
+
+
+VIII.
+"Seize--seize him!"--loud the King doth scream--"There are
+                                                  a thousand here--
+Let his foul blood this instant stream--What! Caitiffs, do ye fear?
+Seize--seize the traitor!"--But not one to move a finger dareth,--
+Bernardo standeth by the throne, and calm his sword he bareth.
+
+
+IX.
+He drew the falchion from the sheath, and held it up on high,
+And all the hall was still as death:--cries Bernard, "Here am I,
+And here is the sword that owns no lord, excepting heaven and me;
+Fain would I know who dares his point--King, Condé, or Grandee."
+
+
+X.
+Then to his mouth the horn he drew--(it hung below his cloak)
+His ten true men the signal knew, and through the ring they broke;
+With helm on head, and blade in hand, the knights the circle brake,
+And back the lordlings 'gan to stand, and the false king to quake.
+
+
+XI.
+"Ha! Bernard," quoth Alphonso, "what means this warlike guise?
+Ye know full well I jested--ye know your worth I prize."--
+But Bernard turned upon his heel, and smiling passed away--
+Long rued Alphonso and his realm the jesting of that day.
+
+
+
+
+PART II.
+
+THE YOUNG CID.
+
+
+The Ballads in the Collection of Escobar, entitled "Romancero e Historia
+del muy valeroso Cavallero El Cid Ruy Diaz de Bivar," are said by Mr.
+Southey to be in general possessed of but little merit. Notwithstanding
+the opinion of that great scholar and poet, I have had much pleasure in
+reading them; and have translated a very few, which may serve, perhaps,
+as a sufficient specimen.
+
+The following is a version of that which stands fifth in Escobar:--
+
+ Cavalga Diego Laynez al buen Rey besar la mano, &c.
+
+
+I.
+Now rides Diego Laynez, to kiss the good King's hand,
+Three hundred men of gentry go with him from his land,
+Among them, young Rodrigo, the proud Knight of Bivar;
+The rest on mules are mounted, he on his horse of war.
+
+
+II.
+They ride in glittering gowns of soye,--He harnessed like a lord;
+There is no gold about the boy, but the crosslet of his sword;
+The rest have gloves of sweet perfume,--He gauntlets strong of mail;
+They broidered caps and flaunting plume,--He crest untaught to quail.
+
+
+III.
+All talking with each other thus along their way they passed,
+But now they've come to Burgos, and met the King at last;
+When they came near his nobles, a whisper through them ran,--
+"He rides amidst the gentry that slew the Count Lozan."--
+
+
+IV.
+With very haughty gesture Rodrigo reined his horse,
+Right scornfully he shouted, when he heard them so discourse,--
+"If any of his kinsmen or vassals dare appear,
+The man to give them answer, on horse or foot, is here."--
+
+
+V.
+"The devil ask the question!" thus muttered all the band;--
+With that they all alighted, to kiss the good King's hand,--
+All but the proud Rodrigo, he in his saddle stayed,--
+Then turned to him his father (you may hear the words he said).
+
+
+VI.
+"Now, light, my son, I pray thee, and kiss the good King's hand,
+He is our lord, Rodrigo; we hold of him our land."--
+But when Rodrigo heard him, he looked in sulky sort,--
+I wot the words he answered they were both cold and short.
+
+
+VII.
+"Had any other said it, his pains had well been paid,
+But thou, sir, art my father, thy word must be obeyed."--
+With that he sprung down lightly, before the King to kneel,
+But as the knee was bending, out leapt his blade of steel.
+
+
+VIII.
+The King drew back in terror, when he saw the sword was bare;
+"Stand back, stand back, Rodrigo, in the devil's name beware,
+Your looks bespeak a creature of father Adam's mould,
+But in your wild behaviour you're like some lion bold."
+
+
+IX.
+When Rodrigo heard him say so, he leapt into his seat,
+And thence he made his answer, with visage nothing sweet,--
+"I'd think it little honour to kiss a kingly palm,
+And if my fathers kissed it, thereof ashamed I am."--
+
+
+X.
+When he these words had uttered, he turned him from the gate,
+His true three hundred gentles behind him followed straight;
+If with good gowns they came that day, with better arms they went;
+And if their mules behind did stay, with horses they're content.
+
+
+
+
+XIMENA DEMANDS VENGEANCE.
+
+
+This ballad, the sixth in Escobar, represents Ximena Gomez as, in
+person, demanding of the King vengeance for the death of her father,
+whom the young Rodrigo de Bivar had fought and slain.
+
+
+I.
+Within the court at Burgos a clamour doth arise,
+Of arms on armour clashing, and screams, and shouts, and cries;
+The good men of the King, that sit his hall around,
+All suddenly upspring, astonished at the sound.
+
+
+II.
+The King leans from his chamber, from the balcony on high--
+"What means this furious clamour my palace-porch so nigh?"
+But when he looked below him, there were horsemen at the gate,
+And the fair Ximena Gomez, kneeling in woeful state.
+
+
+III.
+Upon her neck, disordered, hung down the lady's hair,
+And floods of tears were streaming upon her bosom fair.
+Sore wept she for her father, the Count that had been slain;
+Loud cursèd she Rodrigo, whose sword his blood did stain.
+
+
+IV.
+They turned to bold Rodrigo, I wot his cheek was red;--
+With haughty wrath he listened to the words Ximena said--
+"Good King, I cry for justice. Now, as my voice thou hearest,
+So God befriend the children, that in thy land thou rearest.
+
+
+V.
+"The King that doth not justice hath forfeited his claim,
+Both to his kingly station, and to his kingly name;
+He should not sit at banquet, clad in the royal pall,
+Nor should the nobles serve him on knee within the hall.
+
+
+VI.
+"Good King, I am descended from barons bright of old,
+That with Castilian pennons, Pelayo did uphold;
+But if my strain were lowly, as it is high and clear,
+Thou still shouldst prop the feeble, and the afflicted hear.
+
+
+VII.
+"For thee, fierce homicide, draw, draw thy sword once more,
+And pierce the breast which wide I spread thy stroke before;
+Because I am a woman, my life thou needst not spare,--
+I am Ximena Gomez, my slaughtered father's heir.
+
+
+VIII.
+"Since thou hast slain the Knight that did our faith defend,
+And still to shameful flight all the Almanzors send,
+'Tis but a little matter that I confront thee so,
+Come, champion, slay his daughter, she needs must be thy foe."--
+
+
+IX.
+Ximena gazed upon him, but no reply could meet;
+His fingers held the bridle; he vaulted to his seat.
+She turned her to the nobles, I wot her cry was loud,
+But not a man durst follow; slow rode he through the crowd.
+
+
+
+
+THE CID AND THE FIVE MOORISH KINGS.
+
+
+The reader will find the story of this ballad in Mr. Southey's
+"Chronicle of the Cid." "And the Moors entered Castile in great power,
+for there came with them five kings," &c. Book I. Sect. 4.
+
+
+I.
+With fire and desolation the Moors are in Castile,
+Five Moorish kings together, and all their vassals leal;
+They've passed in front of Burgos, through the Oca-Hills they've run,
+They've plundered Belforado, San Domingo's harm is done.
+
+
+II.
+In Najara and Lograno there's waste and disarray:--
+And now with Christian captives, a very heavy prey,
+With many men and women, and boys and girls beside,
+In joy and exultation to their own realms they ride.
+
+
+III.
+For neither king nor noble would dare their path to cross,
+Until the good Rodrigo heard of this skaith and loss;
+In old Bivar the castle he heard the tidings told,
+(He was as yet a stripling, not twenty summers old.)
+
+
+IV.
+He mounted Bavieca, his friends he with him took,
+He raised the country round him, no more such scorn to brook;
+He rode to the hills of Oca, where then the Moormen lay,
+He conquered all the Moormen, and took from them their prey.
+
+
+V.
+To every man had mounted he gave his part of gain,
+Dispersing the much treasure the Saracens had ta'en;
+The Kings were all the booty himself had from the war,
+Them led he to the castle, his stronghold of Bivar.
+
+
+VI.
+He brought them to his mother, proud dame that day was she:--
+They owned him for their Signior, and then he set them free:
+Home went they, much commending Rodrigo of Bivar,
+And sent him lordly tribute, from their Moorish realms afar.
+
+
+
+
+THE CID'S COURTSHIP.
+
+
+See Mr. Southey's "Chronicle of the Cid" (Book I. Sect. V) for this part
+of the Cid's story, as given in the General Chronicle of Spain.
+
+
+I.
+Now, of Rodrigo de Bivar great was the fame that run,
+How he five Kings had vanquished, proud Moormen every one;
+And how, when they consented to hold of him their ground,
+He freed them from the prison wherein they had been bound.
+
+
+II.
+To the good King Fernando, in Burgos where he lay,
+Came then Ximena Gomez, and thus to him did say:--
+"I am Don Gomez' daughter, in Gormaz Count was he;
+Him slew Rodrigo of Bivar in battle valiantly.
+
+
+III.
+"Now am I come before you, this day a boon to crave,
+And it is that I to husband may this Rodrigo have;
+Grant this, and I shall hold me a happy damosell,
+Much honoured shall I hold me, I shall be married well.
+
+
+IV.
+"I know he's born for thriving, none like him in the land;
+I know that none in battle against his spear may stand;
+Forgiveness is well pleasing in God our Saviour's view.
+And I forgive him freely, for that my sire he slew."--
+
+
+V.
+Right pleasing to Fernando was the thing she did propose;
+He writes his letter swiftly, and forth his foot-page goes;
+I wot, when young Rodrigo saw how the King did write,
+He leapt on Bavieca--I wot his leap was light.
+
+
+VI.
+With his own troop of true men forthwith he took the way,
+Three hundred friends and kinsmen, all gently born were they;
+All in one colour mantled, in armour gleaming gay,
+New were both scarf and scabbard, when they went forth that day.
+
+
+VII.
+The King came out to meet him, with words of hearty cheer;
+Quoth he, "My good Rodrigo, you are right welcome here;
+This girl Ximena Gomez would have ye for her lord,
+Already for the slaughter her grace she doth accord.
+
+
+VIII.
+"I pray you be consenting, my gladness will be great;
+You shall have lands in plenty, to strengthen your estate."--
+"Lord King," Rodrigo answers, "in this and all beside
+Command, and I'll obey you. The girl shall be my bride."--
+
+
+IX.
+But when the fair Ximena came forth to plight her hand,
+Rodrigo, gazing on her, his face could not command:
+He stood and blushed before her;--thus at the last said he--
+"I slew thy sire, Ximena, but not in villany:--
+
+
+X.
+"In no disguise I slew him, man against man I stood;
+There was some wrong between us, and I did shed his blood.
+I slew a man, I owe a man; fair lady, by God's grace,
+An honoured husband thou shalt have in thy dead father's place."
+
+
+
+
+THE CID'S WEDDING.
+
+
+The following ballad, which contains some curious traits of rough and
+antique manners, is not included in Escobar's Collection. There is one
+there descriptive of the same event, but apparently executed by a much
+more modern hand.
+
+
+I.
+Within his hall of Burgos the King prepares the feast:
+He makes his preparation for many a noble guest.
+It is a joyful city, it is a gallant day,
+'Tis the Campeador's wedding, and who will bide away?
+
+
+II.
+Layn Calvo, the Lord Bishop, he first comes forth the gate,
+Behind him comes Ruy Diaz, in all his bridal state;
+The crowd makes way before them as up the street they go;--
+For the multitude of people their steps must needs be slow.
+
+
+III.
+The King had taken order that they should rear an arch,
+From house to house all over, in the way where they must march;
+They have hung it all with lances, and shields, and glittering helms,
+Brought by the Campeador from out the Moorish realms.
+
+
+IV.
+They have scattered olive branches and rushes on the street,
+And the ladies fling down garlands at the Campeador's feet;
+With tapestry and broidery their balconies between,
+To do his bridal honour, their walls the burghers screen.
+
+
+V.
+They lead the bulls before them all covered o'er with trappings;
+The little boys pursue them with hootings and with clappings;
+The fool, with cap and bladder, upon his ass goes prancing,
+Amidst troops of captive maidens with bells and cymbals dancing.
+
+
+VI.
+With antics and with fooleries, with shouting and with laughter,
+They fill the streets of Burgos--and The Devil he comes after,
+For the King has hired the horned fiend for sixteen maravedis,
+And there he goes, with hoofs for toes, to terrify the ladies.
+
+
+VII.
+Then comes the bride Ximena--the King he holds her hand;
+And the Queen, and, all in fur and pall, the nobles of the land;
+All down the street the ears of wheat are round Ximena flying,
+But the King lifts off her bosom sweet whatever there is lying.
+
+
+VIII.
+Quoth Suero, when he saw it, (his thought you understand,)
+"'Tis a fine thing to be a King; but Heaven make me a Hand!"
+The King was very merry, when he was told of this,
+And swore the bride ere eventide, must give the boy a kiss.
+
+
+IX.
+The King went always talking, but she held down her head,
+And seldom gave an answer to anything he said;
+It was better to be silent, among such a crowd of folk,
+Than utter words so meaningless as she did when she spoke.
+
+
+
+
+THE CID AND THE LEPER.
+
+
+Like our own Robert the Bruce, the great Spanish hero is represented as
+exhibiting, on many occasions, great gentleness of disposition and
+compassion. But while old Barbour is contented with such simple
+anecdotes as that of a poor laundress being suddenly taken ill with the
+pains of childbirth, and the king stopping the march of his army rather
+than leave her unprotected, the minstrels of Spain, never losing an
+opportunity of gratifying the superstitious propensities of their
+audience, are sure to let no similar incident in their champion's
+history pass without a miracle.
+
+
+I.
+He has ta'en some twenty gentlemen, along with him to go,
+For he will pay that ancient vow he to Saint James doth owe;
+To Compostella, where the shrine doth by the altar stand,
+The good Rodrigo de Bivar is riding through the land.
+
+
+II.
+Where'er he goes, much alms he throws, to feeble folk and poor;
+Beside the way for him they pray, him blessings to procure;
+For, God and Mary Mother, their heavenly grace to win,
+His hand was ever bountiful: great was his joy therein.
+
+
+III.
+And there, in middle of the path, a leper did appear;
+In a deep slough the leper lay, none would to help come near.
+With a loud voice he thence did cry, "For God our Saviour's sake,
+From out this fearful jeopardy a Christian brother take."--
+
+
+IV.
+When Roderick heard that piteous word, he from his horse came down;
+For all they said, no stay he made, that noble champion;
+He reached his hand to pluck him forth, of fear was no account,
+Then mounted on his steed of worth, and made the leper mount.
+
+
+V.
+Behind him rode the leprous man; when to their hostelrie
+They came, he made him eat with him at table cheerfully;
+While all the rest from that poor guest with loathing shrunk away,
+To his own bed the wretch he led, beside him there he lay.
+
+
+VI.
+All at the mid-hour of the night, while good Rodrigo slept,
+A breath came from the leprous man, it through his shoulders crept;
+Right through the body, at the breast, passed forth that breathing cold;
+I wot he leaped up with a start, in terrors manifold.
+
+
+VII.
+He groped for him in the bed, but him he could not find,
+Through the dark chamber groped he, with very anxious mind;
+Loudly he lifted up his voice, with speed a lamp was brought,
+Yet nowhere was the leper seen, though far and near they sought.
+
+
+VIII.
+He turned him to his chamber, God wot, perplexèd sore
+With that which had befallen--when lo! his face before,
+There stood a man, all clothed in vesture shining white:
+Thus said the vision, "Sleepest thou, or wakest thou, Sir Knight?"--
+
+
+IX.
+"I sleep not," quoth Rodrigo; "but tell me who art thou,
+For, in the midst of darkness, much light is on thy brow?"--
+"I am the holy Lazarus, I come to speak with thee;
+I am the same poor leper thou savedst for charity.
+
+
+X.
+"Not vain the trial, nor in vain thy victory hath been;
+God favours thee, for that my pain thou didst relieve yestreen.
+There shall be honour with thee, in battle and in peace,
+Success in all thy doings, and plentiful increase.
+
+
+XI.
+"Strong enemies shall not prevail, thy greatness to undo;
+Thy name shall make men's cheeks full pale--Christians and Moslem too;
+A death of honour shalt thou die, such grace to thee is given,
+Thy soul shall part victoriously, and be received in heaven."--
+
+
+XII.
+When he these gracious words had said, the spirit vanished quite,
+Rodrigo rose and knelt him down--he knelt till morning light;
+Unto the Heavenly Father, and Mary Mother dear,
+He made his prayer right humbly, till dawned the morning clear.
+
+
+
+
+BAVIECA.
+
+
+Montaigne, in his curious Essay, entitled "Des Destriers," says that all
+the world knows everything about Bucephalus. The name of the favourite
+charger of the Cid Ruy Diaz, is scarcely less celebrated. Notice is
+taken of him in almost every one of the hundred ballads concerning the
+history of his master,--and there are two or three of these, of which
+the horse is more truly the hero than his rider. In one of these ballads,
+the Cid is giving directions about his funeral; he desires that they
+shall place his body "in full armour upon Bavieca," and so conduct him
+to the church of San Pedro de Cardeña. This was done accordingly; and,
+says another ballad--
+
+ Truxeron pues a Babieca;
+ Y en mirandole se puso
+ Tan triste como si fuera
+ Mas rasonable que bruto.
+
+In the Cid's last will, mention is also made of this noble charger.
+"When ye bury Bavieca, dig deep," says Ruy Diaz; "for shameful thing
+were it, that he should be eat by curs, who hath trampled down so much
+currish flesh of Moors."
+
+
+I.
+The King looked on him kindly, as on a vassal true;
+Then to the King Ruy Diaz spake after reverence due,--
+"O King, the thing is shameful, that any man beside
+The liege lord of Castile himself should Bavieca ride:
+
+
+II.
+"For neither Spain nor Araby could another charger bring
+So good as he, and certes, the best befits my King.
+But that you may behold him, and know him to the core,
+I'll make him go as he was wont when his nostrils smelt the Moor."--
+
+
+III.
+With that, the Cid, clad as he was in mantle furred and wide,
+On Bavieca vaulting, put the rowel in his side;
+And up and down, and round and round, so fierce was his career,
+Streamed like a pennon on the wind Ruy Diaz' minivere.
+
+
+IV.
+And all that saw them praised them--they lauded man and horse,
+As matched well, and rivalless for gallantry and force;
+Ne'er had they looked on horseman might to this knight come near,
+Nor on other charger worthy of such a cavalier.
+
+
+V.
+Thus, to and fro a-rushing the fierce and furious steed,
+He snapt in twain his hither rein:--"God pity now the Cid."
+"God pity Diaz," cried the Lords,--but when they looked again,
+They saw Ruy Diaz ruling him, with the fragment of his rein;
+They saw him proudly ruling with gesture firm and calm,
+Like a true lord commanding--and obeyed as by a lamb.
+
+
+VI.
+And so he led him foaming and panting to the King,
+But "No," said Don Alphonso, "it were a shameful thing
+That peerless Bavieca should ever be bestrid
+By any mortal but Bivar--Mount, mount again, my Cid."
+
+
+
+
+THE EXCOMMUNICATION OF THE CID.
+
+
+The last specimen I shall give of the Cid-ballad, is one the subject of
+which is evidently of the most apocryphal cast. It is, however, so far
+as I recollect, the only one of all that immense collection that is
+quoted or alluded to in Don Quixote. "Sancho," cried Don Quixote, "I am
+afraid of being excommunicated for having laid violent hands upon a man
+in holy orders, _Juxta illud; si quis suadente diabolo_, &c. But yet, now
+I think on it, I never touched him with my hands, but only with my
+lance; besides, I did not in the least suspect I had to do with priests,
+whom I honour and revere as every good Catholic and faithful Christian
+ought to do, but rather took them to be evil spirits. Well, let the
+worst come to the worst, I remember what befel the Cid Ruy Diaz, when he
+broke to pieces the chair of a king's ambassador in the Pope's presence,
+for which he was excommunicated; which did not hinder the worthy Rodrigo
+de Bivar from behaving himself that day like a valorous knight, and a
+man of honour."
+
+
+I.
+It was when from Spain across the main the Cid had come to Rome,
+He chanced to see chairs four and three beneath Saint Peter's dome.
+"Now tell, I pray, what chairs be they;"--"Seven kings do sit thereon,
+As well doth suit, all at the foot of the holy Father's throne."
+
+
+II.
+"The Pope he sitteth above them all, that they may kiss his toe,
+Below the keys the Flower-de-lys doth make a gallant show:
+For his great puissance, the King of France next to the Pope may sit,
+The rest more low, all in a row, as doth their station fit."--
+
+
+III.
+"Ha!" quoth the Cid, "now God forbid! it is a shame, I wiss,
+To see the Castle[5] planted beneath the Flower-de-lys.[6]
+No harm, I hope, good Father Pope--although I move thy chair."
+--In pieces small he kicked it all, ('twas of the ivory fair).
+
+
+IV.
+The Pope's own seat he from his feet did kick it far away,
+And the Spanish chair he planted upon its place that day;
+Above them all he planted it, and laughed right bitterly;
+Looks sour and bad I trow he had, as grim as grim might be.
+
+
+V.
+Now when the Pope was aware of this, he was an angry man,
+His lips that night, with solemn rite, pronounced the awful ban;
+The curse of God, who died on rood, was on that sinner's head--
+To hell and woe man's soul must go if once that curse be said.
+
+
+VI.
+I wot, when the Cid was aware of this, a woful man was he,
+At dawn of day he came to pray at the blessèd Father's knee:
+"Absolve me, blessèd Father, have pity upon me,
+Absolve my soul, and penance I for my sin will dree."--
+
+
+VII.
+"Who is this sinner," quoth the Pope, "that at my foot doth kneel?"
+--"I am Rodrigo Diaz--a poor Baron of Castile."--
+Much marvelled all were in the hall, when that name they heard him say,
+--"Rise up, rise up," the Pope he said, "I do thy guilt away;--
+
+
+VIII.
+"I do thy guilt away," he said--"and my curse I blot it out--
+God save Rodrigo Diaz, my Christian champion stout;--
+I trow, if I had known thee, my grief it had been sore,
+To curse Ruy Diaz de Bivar, God's scourge upon the Moor."
+
+
+
+
+PART III.
+
+COUNT ALARCOS AND THE INFANTA SOLISA.
+
+
+Mr. Bouterweck has analyzed this ballad, and commented upon it at some
+length, in his History of Spanish Literature. See Book I, Section 1.
+
+He bestows particular praise upon a passage, which the reader will find
+attempted in the fourth line of stanza xxxi. of the following version--
+
+
+  Dedes me aça este hijo amamare por despedida.
+
+
+"What modern poet," says he, "would have dared to imagine that _trait_,
+at once so natural and touching?"
+
+Mr. Bouterweck seems to be of opinion that the story of the ballad had
+been taken from some prose romance of chivalry; but I have not been able
+to find any trace of it.
+
+
+I.
+Alone, as was her wont, she sate,--within her bower alone;--
+Alone, and very desolate, Solisa made her moan,
+Lamenting for her flower of life, that it should pass away,
+And she be never wooed to wife, nor see a bridal day.
+
+
+II.
+Thus said the sad Infanta--"I will not hide my grief,
+I'll tell my father of my wrong, and he will yield relief."--
+The King, when he beheld her near, "Alas! my child," said he,
+"What means this melancholy cheer?--reveal thy grief to me."--
+
+
+III.
+"Good King," she said, "my mother was buried long ago,
+She left me to thy keeping, none else my griefs shall know;
+I fain would have a husband, 'tis time that I should wed,--
+Forgive the words I utter, with mickle shame they're said."--
+
+
+IV.
+'Twas thus the King made answer,--"This fault is none of mine,
+You to the Prince of Hungary your ear would not incline;
+Yet round us here where lives your peer?--nay, name him if you can,--
+Except the Count Alarcos, and he's a married man."--
+
+
+V.
+"Ask Count Alarcos, if of yore his word he did not plight
+To be my husband evermore, and love me day and night?
+If he has bound him in new vows, old oaths he cannot break--
+Alas! I've lost a loyal spouse, for a false lover's sake."--
+
+
+VI.
+The good King sat confounded in silence for some space,
+At length he made this answer, with very troubled face,--
+"It was not thus your mother gave counsel you should do;
+You've done much wrong, my daughter; we're shamed, both I and you.
+
+
+VII.
+"If it be true that you have said, our honour's lost and gone;
+And while the Countess is in life, remeed for us is none.
+Though justice were upon our side, ill-talkers would not spare--
+Speak, daughter, for your mother's dead, whose counsel eased my care."
+
+
+VIII.
+"How can I give you counsel?--but little wit have I;
+But certes, Count Alarcos may make this Countess die;
+Let it be noised that sickness cut short her tender life,
+And then let Count Alarcos come and ask me for his wife.
+What passed between us long ago, of that be nothing said;
+Thus none shall our dishonour know, in honour I shall wed."--
+
+
+IX.
+The Count was standing with his friends, thus in the midst he spake--
+"What fools we be! what pains men dree for a fair woman's sake!
+I loved a fair one long ago;--though I'm a married man,
+Sad memory I can ne'er forego, how life and love began."--
+
+
+X.
+While yet the Count was speaking, the good King came full near;
+He made his salutation with very courteous cheer.
+"Come hither, Count Alarcos, and dine with me this day,
+For I have something secret I in your ear must say."--
+
+
+XI.
+The King came from the chapel, when he had heard the mass;
+With him the Count Alarcos did to his chamber pass;
+Full nobly were they servèd there, by pages many a one;
+When all were gone, and they alone, 'twas thus the King begun.--
+
+
+XII.
+"What news be these, Alarcos, that you your word did plight,
+To be a husband to my child, and love her day and night?
+If more between you there did pass, yourself may know the truth,
+But shamed is my grey-head--alas!--and scorned Solisa's youth.
+
+
+XIII.
+"I have a heavy word to speak--a lady fair doth lie
+Within my daughter's rightful place, and certes! she must die--
+Let it be noised that sickness cut short her tender life,
+Then come and woo my daughter, and she shall be your wife:--
+What passed between you long ago, of that be nothing said,
+Thus, none shall my dishonour know--in honour you shall wed."
+
+
+XIV.
+Thus spake the Count Alarcos--"The truth I'll not deny,
+I to the Infanta gave my troth, and broke it shamefully;
+I feared my King would ne'er consent to give me his fair daughter;
+But, oh! spare her that's innocent--avoid that sinful slaughter."--
+
+
+XV.
+"She dies, she dies," the King replies; "from thine own sin it springs,
+If guiltless blood must wash the blot which stains the blood of kings:
+Ere morning dawn her life must end, and thine must be the deed,
+Else thou on shameful block must bend: thereof is no remeed."
+
+
+XVI.
+"Good King, my hand thou mayst command, else treason blots my name!
+I'll take the life of my dear wife--(God! mine be not the blame!)
+Alas! that young and sinless heart for others' sin should bleed!
+Good King, in sorrow I depart."----"May God your errand speed!"--
+
+
+XVII.
+In sorrow he departed, dejectedly he rode
+The weary journey from that place, unto his own abode;
+He grieved for his fair Countess, dear as his life was she;
+Sore grieved he for that lady, and for his children three.
+
+
+XVIII.
+The one was yet an infant upon its mother's breast,
+For though it had three nurses, it liked her milk the best;
+The others were young children, that had but little wit,
+Hanging about their mother's knee while nursing she did sit.
+
+
+XIX.
+"Alas!" he said, when he had come within a little space,
+"How shall I brook the cheerful look of my kind lady's face?
+To see her coming forth in glee to meet me in my hall,
+When she so soon a corpse must be, and I the cause of all!"
+
+
+XX.
+Just then he saw her at the door with all her babes appear--
+(The little page had run before to tell his lord was near)
+"Now welcome home, my lord, my life!--Alas! you droop your head
+Tell, Count Alarcos, tell your wife, what makes your eyes so red?"--
+
+
+XXI.
+"I'll tell you all--I'll tell you all: It is not yet the hour;
+We'll sup together in the hall--I'll tell you in your bower."
+The lady brought forth what she had, and down beside him sate;
+He sat beside her pale and sad, but neither drank nor ate.
+
+
+XXII.
+The children to his side were led (he loved to have them so),
+Then on the board he laid his head, and out his tears did flow:--
+"I fain would sleep--I fain would sleep,"--the Count Alarcos said:--
+Alas! be sure, that sleep was none that night within their bed.
+
+
+XXIII.
+They came together to the bower where they were used to rest,
+None with them but the little babe that was upon the breast:
+The Count had barred the chamber doors, they ne'er were barred till then;
+"Unhappy lady," he began, "and I most lost of men!"
+
+
+XXIV.
+"Now, speak not so, my noble lord, my husband and my life,
+Unhappy never can she be, that is Alarcos' wife."--
+"Alas! unhappy lady, 'tis but little that you know,
+For in that very word you've said is gathered all your woe.
+
+
+XXV.
+"Long since I loved a lady,--long since I oaths did plight,
+To be that lady's husband, to love her day and night;
+Her father is our lord the King, to him the thing is known,
+And now, that I the news should bring! she claims me for her own.
+
+
+XXVI.
+"Alas! my love, alas! my life, the right is on their side;
+Ere I had seen your face, sweet wife, she was betrothed my bride;
+But, oh! that I should speak the word--since in her place you lie,
+It is the bidding of our Lord, that you this night must die."--
+
+
+XXVII.
+"Are these the wages of my love, so lowly and so leal?--
+O, kill me not, thou noble Count, when at thy foot I kneel!--
+But send me to my father's house, where once I dwelt in glee,
+There will I live a lone chaste life, and rear my children three."--
+
+
+XXVIII.
+"It may not be--mine oath is strong--ere dawn of day you die!"--
+"O! well 'tis seen how all alone upon the earth am I--
+My father is an old frail man,--my mother's in her grave,--
+And dead is stout Don Garcia--Alas! my brother brave!
+
+
+XXIX.
+"'Twas at this coward King's command they slew my brother dear,
+And now I'm helpless in the land:--It is not death I fear,
+But loth, loth am I to depart, and leave my children so--
+Now let me lay them to my heart, and kiss them ere I go."--
+
+
+XXX.
+"Kiss him that lies upon thy breast--the rest thou mayst not see."--
+"I fain would say an Ave."--"Then say it speedily."--
+She knelt her down upon her knee: "O Lord! behold my case--
+Judge not my deeds, but look on me in pity and great grace."--
+
+
+XXXI.
+When she had made her orison, up from her knees she rose--
+"Be kind, Alarcos, to our babes, and pray for my repose--
+And now give me my boy once more upon my breast to hold,
+That he may drink one farewell drink, before my breast be cold."--
+
+
+XXXII.
+"Why would you waken the poor child? you see he is asleep--
+Prepare, dear wife, there is no time, the dawn begins to peep."--
+"Now hear me, Count Alarcos! I give thee pardon free--
+I pardon thee for the love's sake wherewith I've lovèd thee.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+"But they have not my pardon, the King and his proud daughter--
+The curse of God be on them, for this unchristian slaughter!--
+I charge them with my dying breath, ere thirty days be gone,
+To meet me in the realm of death, and at God's awful throne!"--
+
+
+XXXIV.
+He drew a kerchief round her neck, he drew it tight and strong,
+Until she lay quite stiff and cold her chamber floor along;
+He laid her then within the sheets, and, kneeling by her side,
+To God and Mary Mother in misery he cried.
+
+
+XXXV.
+Then called he for his esquires:--oh! deep was their dismay,
+When they into the chamber came, and saw her how she lay;--
+Thus died she in her innocence, a lady void of wrong,
+But God took heed of their offence--his vengeance stayed not long.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+Within twelve days, in pain and dole, the Infanta passed away,
+The cruel King gave up his soul upon the twentieth day;
+Alarcos followed ere the Moon had made her round complete.--
+Three guilty spirits stood right soon before God's judgment-seat.
+
+
+
+
+TALES FROM THE
+GESTA ROMANORUM.
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      I.--THE EIGHT PENNIES            103
+     II.--THE THREE TRUTHS             105
+    III.--THE HUSBAND OF AGLAES        106
+     IV.--THE THREE CASKETS            111
+      V.--THE THREE CAKES              116
+     VI.--THE HERMIT                   118
+    VII.--THE LOST FOOT                121
+   VIII.--PLACIDUS                     122
+     IX.--DEAD ALEXANDER               131
+      X.--THE TREE OF PALETINUS        132
+     XI.--HUNGRY FLIES                 132
+    XII.--THE HUMBLING OF JOVINIAN     133
+   XIII.--THE TWO PHYSICIANS           139
+    XIV.--THE FALCON                   141
+     XV.--LET THE LAZIEST BE KING      142
+    XVI.--THE THREE MAXIMS             143
+   XVII.--A LOAF FOR A DREAM           146
+  XVIII.--LOWER THAN THE BEASTS        148
+    XIX.--OF REAL FRIENDSHIP           151
+     XX.--ROYAL BOUNTY                 152
+    XXI.--WILY BEGUILED                153
+   XXII.--THE BASILISK                 155
+  XXIII.--THE TRUMP OF DEATH           155
+   XXIV.--ALEXANDER AND THE PIRATE     157
+    XXV.--A TALE OF A PENNY            158
+   XXVI.--OF AVOIDING IMPRECATIONS     159
+  XXVII.--A VERSE EXERCISE             161
+ XXVIII.--BRED IN THE BONE             164
+   XXIX.--FULGENTIUS                   167
+    XXX.--VENGEANCE DEFERRED           173
+
+
+
+
+I.--THE EIGHT PENNIES.
+
+
+When Titus was Emperor of Rome, he made a decree that the natal day of
+his first-born son should be held sacred, and that whosoever violated it
+by any kind of labour should be put to death. Then he called Virgil to
+him, and said, "Good friend, I have made a certain law; we desire you to
+frame some curious piece of art which may reveal to us every transgressor
+of the law." Virgil constructed a magic statue, and caused it to be set
+up in the midst of the city. By virtue of the secret powers with which
+it was invested, it told the emperor whatever was done amiss. And thus
+by the accusation of the statue, an infinite number of persons were
+convicted and punished.
+
+Now there was a certain carpenter, called Focus, who pursued his
+occupation every day alike. Once, as he lay in bed, his thoughts turned
+upon the accusations of the statue, and the multitudes which it had
+caused to perish. In the morning he clothed himself, and proceeded to
+the statue, which he addressed in the following manner: "O statue!
+statue! because of thy informations, many of our citizens have been
+taken and slain. I vow to my God, that if thou accusest _me_, I will
+break thy head." Having so said, he returned home.
+
+About the first hour, the emperor, as he was wont, despatched sundry
+messengers to the statue, to inquire if the edict had been strictly
+complied with. After they had arrived, and delivered the emperors
+pleasure, the statue exclaimed: "Friends, look up; what see ye written
+upon my forehead?" They looked, and beheld three sentences which ran
+thus: "TIMES ARE ALTERED. MEN GROW WORSE. HE WHO SPEAKS TRUTH HAS HIS
+HEAD BROKEN." "Go," said the statue, "declare to his majesty what you
+have seen and read." The messengers obeyed, and detailed the
+circumstances as they had happened.
+
+The emperor therefore commanded his guard to arm, and march to the place
+on which the statue was erected; and he further ordered, that if any one
+presumed to molest it, they should bind him hand and foot, and drag him
+into his presence.
+
+The soldiers approached the statue and said, "Our emperor wills you to
+declare the name of the scoundrel who threatens you."
+
+The statue made answer, "It is Focus the carpenter. Every day he
+violates the law, and, moreover, menaces me with a broken head, if I
+expose him."
+
+Immediately Focus was apprehended, and conducted to the emperor, who
+said, "Friend, what do I hear of thee? Why hast thou broken my law?"
+
+"My lord," answered Focus, "I cannot keep it; for I am obliged to obtain
+every day eight pennies, which, without incessant work, I have not the
+means of getting."
+
+"And why eight pennies?" said the emperor.
+
+"Every day through the year," returned the carpenter, "I am bound to
+repay two pennies which I borrowed in my youth; two I lend; two I lose;
+and two I spend."
+
+"For what reason do you this?" asked the emperor.
+
+"My lord," he replied, "listen to me. I am bound each day to repay two
+pennies to my father; for, when I was a boy, my father expended upon me
+daily the like sum. Now he is poor, and needs my assistance, and
+therefore I return what I borrowed formerly. Two other pennies I lend to
+my son, who is pursuing his studies; in order, that if by any chance I
+should fall into poverty, he may restore the loan, just as I have done
+to his grandfather. Again, I lose two pennies every day on my wife; for
+she is contradictious, wilful, and passionate. Now, because of this
+disposition, I account whatsoever is given to her entirely lost. Lastly,
+two other pennies I expend upon myself in meat and drink. I cannot do
+with less, nor can I earn them without unremitting labour. You now know
+the truth; and, I pray you, judge dispassionately and truly."
+
+"Friend," said the emperor, "thou hast answered well. Go, and labour
+earnestly in thy calling."
+
+Soon after this the emperor died, and Focus the carpenter, on account of
+his singular wisdom, was elected in his stead by the unanimous choice of
+the whole nation. He governed as wisely as he had lived; and at his
+death, his picture, bearing on the head eight pennies, was reposited
+among the effigies of the deceased emperors.
+
+
+
+
+II.--THE THREE TRUTHS.
+
+
+A certain king, named Asmodeus, established an ordinance, by which every
+malefactor taken and brought before the judge, should distinctly declare
+three truths, against which no exception could be taken, or else be
+hanged. If, however, he did this, his life and property should be safe.
+It chanced that a certain soldier transgressed the law and fled. He hid
+himself in a forest, and there committed many atrocities, despoiling
+and slaying whomsoever he could lay his hands upon. When the judge
+of the district ascertained his haunt, he ordered the forest to be
+surrounded, and the soldier to be seized, and brought bound to the seat
+of judgment.
+
+"You know the law," said the judge.
+
+"I do," returned the other. "If I declare three unquestionable truths I
+shall be free; but if not, I must die."
+
+"True," replied the judge; "take then advantage of the law's clemency,
+or undergo the punishment it awards without delay."
+
+"Cause silence to be kept," said the soldier undauntedly.
+
+His wish being complied with, he proceeded in the following manner: "The
+first truth is this. I protest before ye all, that from my youth up, I
+have been a bad man."
+
+The judge, hearing this, said to the bystanders, "He says true?" They
+answered: "Else he had not now been in this situation." "Go on, then,"
+said the judge. "What is the second truth?"
+
+"I like not," exclaimed he, "the dangerous situation in which I stand."
+
+"Certainly," said the judge, "we may credit thee. Now then for the third
+truth, and thou hast saved thy life."
+
+"Why," he replied, "if I once get out of this confounded place, I will
+never willingly re-enter it."
+
+"Amen," said the judge, "thy wit hath preserved thee; go in peace." And
+thus he was saved.
+
+
+
+
+III.--THE HUSBAND OF AGLAES.
+
+
+In Rome some time dwelt a mighty emperor named Philominus, who had one
+only daughter, who was fair and gracious in the sight of every man, who
+had to name Aglaes. There was also in the emperor's palace a gentle
+knight that loved dearly this lady. It befell after on a day, that this
+knight talked with this lady, and secretly uttered his desire to her.
+Then she said courteously, "Seeing you have uttered to me the secrets of
+your heart, I will likewise for your love utter to you the secrets of my
+heart: and truly I say, that above all other I love you best." Then said
+the knight, "I purpose to visit the Holy Land, and therefore give me
+your troth, that this seven years you shall take no other man, but only
+for my love to tarry for me so long, and if I come not again by this day
+seven years, then take what man you like best. And likewise I promise
+you that within this seven years I will take no wife." Then said she,
+"This covenant pleaseth me well." When this was said, each of them was
+betrothed to other, and then this knight took his leave of the lady, and
+went to the Holy Land.
+
+Shortly after the emperor treated with the king of Hungary for the
+marriage of his daughter. Then came the king of Hungary to the emperor's
+palace, and when he had seen his daughter, he liked marvellous well her
+beauty and her behaviour, so that the emperor and the king were accorded
+in all things as touching the marriage, upon the condition that the
+damsel would consent. Then called the emperor the young lady to him, and
+said, "O, my fair daughter, I have provided for thee, that a king shall
+be thy husband, if thou list consent; therefore tell me what answer thou
+wilt give to this." Then said she to her father, "It pleaseth me well;
+but one thing, dear father, I entreat of you, if it might please you to
+grant me: I have vowed to keep my virginity, and not to marry these
+seven years; therefore, dear father, I beseech you for all the love that
+is between your gracious fatherhood and me, that you name no man to be
+my husband till these seven years be ended, and then I shall be ready in
+all things to fulfil your will." Then said the emperor, "Sith it is so
+that thou hast thus vowed, I will not break thy vow; but when these
+seven years be expired, thou shalt have the king of Hungary to thy
+husband."
+
+Then the emperor sent forth his letters to the king of Hungary, praying
+him if it might please him to stay seven years for the love of his
+daughter, and then he should speed without fail. Herewith the king was
+pleased and content to stay the prefixed day.
+
+And when the seven years were ended, save a day, the young lady stood in
+her chamber window, and wept sore, saying, "Woe and alas, as to-morrow
+my love promised to be with me again from the Holy Land; and also the
+king of Hungary to-morrow will be here to marry me, according to my
+father's promise; and if my love comes not at a certain hour, then am I
+utterly deceived of the inward love I bear to him."
+
+When the day came, the king hasted toward the emperor, to marry his
+daughter, and was royally arrayed in purple. And while the king was
+riding on his way, there came a knight riding on his way, who said, "I
+am of the empire of Rome, and now am lately come from the Holy Land, and
+I am ready to do you the best service I can." And as they rode talking
+by the way, it began to rain so fast that all the king's apparel was
+sore wet. Then said the knight, "My lord, ye have done foolishly, for as
+much as ye brought not with you your house." Then said the king: "Why
+speakest thou so? My house is large and broad, and made of stones and
+mortar, how should I bring then with me my house? Thou speakest like a
+fool." When this was said, they rode on till they came to a great deep
+water, and the king smote his horse with his spurs, and leapt into the
+water, so that he was almost drowned. When the knight saw this, and was
+over on the other side of the water without peril, he said to the king,
+"Ye were in peril, and therefore ye did foolishly, because ye brought
+not with you your bridge." Then said the king, "Thou speakest strangely:
+my bridge is made of lime and stone, and containeth in quality more
+than half a mile; how should I then bear with me my bridge? therefore
+thou speakest foolishly." "Well," said the knight, "my foolishness may
+turn you to wisdom." When the king had ridden a little further, he asked
+the knight what time of day it was. Then said the knight, "If any man
+hath list to eat, it is time of the day to eat. Wherefore, my lord, pray
+take a _modicum_ with me, for that is no dishonour to you, but great
+honour to me before the states of this empire." Then said the king, "I
+will gladly eat with thee." They sat both down in a fair vine garden,
+and there dined together, both the king and the knight. And when dinner
+was done, and that the king had washed, the knight said unto the king,
+"My lord, ye have done foolishly, for that ye brought not with you your
+father and mother." Then said the king, "What sayest thou? My father is
+dead, and my mother is old, and may not travel; how should I then bring
+them with me? Therefore, to say the truth, a foolisher man than thou art
+did I never hear." Then said the knight, "Every work is praised at the
+end."
+
+When the knight had ridden a little further, and nigh to the emperor's
+palace, he asked leave to go from him; for he knew a nearer way to the
+palace, to the young lady, that he might come first, and carry her away
+with him. Then said the king, "I pray thee tell me by what place thou
+purposest to ride?" Then said the knight, "I shall tell you the truth.
+This day seven years I left a net in a place, and now I purpose to visit
+it, and draw it to me, and if it be whole, then will I take it to me,
+and keep it as a precious jewel; if it be broken, then will I leave it."
+And when he had thus said, he took his leave of the king, and rode
+forth; but the king kept the broad highway.
+
+When the emperor heard of the king's coming, he went towards him with a
+great company, and royally received him, causing him to shift his wet
+clothes, and to put on fresh apparel. And when the emperor and the king
+were set at meat, the emperor welcomed him with all the cheer and
+solace that he could. And when he had eaten, the emperor asked tidings
+of the king. "My lord," said he, "I shall tell you what I have heard
+this day by the way: there came a knight to me, and reverently saluted
+me; and anon after there fell a great rain, and greatly spoiled my
+apparel. And anon the knight said, 'Sir, ye have done foolishly, for
+that ye brought not with you your house.'" Then said the emperor, "What
+clothing had the knight on?" "A cloak," quoth the king. Then said the
+emperor, "Sure that was a wise man, for the house whereof he spake was a
+cloak, and therefore he said to you that you did foolishly, because had
+you come with your cloak, then your clothes had not been spoiled with
+rain." Then said the king, "When he had ridden a little further, we came
+to a deep water, and I smote my horse with my spurs, and I was almost
+drowned, but he rid through the water without any peril. Then said he to
+me, 'You did foolishly, for that you brought not with you your bridge.'"
+"Verily," said the emperor, "he said truth, for he called the squires
+the bridge, that should have ridden before you, and assayed the deepness
+of the water." Then said the king, "We rode further, and at the last he
+prayed me to dine with him. And when he had dined, he said, I did
+unwisely, because I brought not with me my father and mother." "Truly,"
+said the emperor, "he was a wise man, and saith wisely: for he called
+your father and mother, bread and wine, and other victual." Then said
+the king, "We rode further, and anon after he asked me leave to go from
+me, and I asked earnestly whither he went; and he answered again, and
+said, 'This day seven years I left a net in a private place, and now I
+will ride to see it; and if it be broken and torn, then will I leave it,
+but if it be as I left it, then shall it be unto me right precious.'"
+
+When the emperor heard this, he cried with a loud voice, and said, "O
+ye my knights and servants, come ye with me speedily unto my daughter's
+chamber, for surely that is the net of which he spake." And forthwith
+his knights and servants went unto his daughter's chamber, and found her
+not, for the aforesaid knight had taken her with him. And thus the king
+was deceived of the damsel, and he went home again to his own country
+ashamed.
+
+
+
+
+IV.--THE THREE CASKETS.
+
+
+Some time dwelt in Rome a mighty emperor, named Anselm, who had married
+the king's daughter of Jerusalem, a fair lady, and gracious in the sight
+of every man, but she was long time with the emperor ere she bare him
+any child; wherefore the nobles of the empire were very sorrowful,
+because their lord had no heir of his own body begotten: till at last it
+befell, that this Anselm walked after supper, in an evening, into his
+garden, and bethought himself that he had no heir, and how the king of
+Ampluy warred on him continually, for so much as he had no son to make
+defence in his absence; therefore he was sorrowful, and went to his
+chamber and slept. Then he thought he saw a vision in his sleep, that
+the morning was more clear than it was wont to be, and that the moon was
+much paler on the one side than on the other. And after he saw a bird of
+two colours, and by that bird stood two beasts, which fed that little
+bird with their heat. And after that came more beasts, and bowing their
+breasts toward the bird, went their way. Then came there divers birds
+that sung sweetly and pleasantly: with that the emperor awaked.
+
+In the morning early this Anselm remembered his vision, and wondered
+much what it might signify; wherefore he called to him his philosophers,
+and all the states of the empire, and told them his dream, charging them
+to tell him the signification thereof on pain of death, and if they
+told him the true interpretation thereof, he promised them good reward.
+Then said they, "Dear lord, tell us your dream, and we shall declare to
+you what it betokens." Then the emperor told them from the beginning to
+the ending, as is aforesaid. When the philosophers heard this, with glad
+cheer they answered, and said, "Sir, the vision that you saw betokeneth
+good, for the empire shall be clearer than it is.
+
+"The moon that is more pale on the one side than on the other, betokeneth
+the empress, that hath lost part of her colour, through the conception
+of a son that she hath conceived. The little bird betokeneth the son
+that she shall bare. The two beasts that fed this bird betoken the wise
+and rich men of the empire which shall obey the son. These other beasts
+that bowed their breasts to the bird betoken many other nations that
+shall do him homage. The bird that sang so sweetly to this little bird
+betokeneth the Romans, who shall rejoice and sing because of his birth.
+This is the very interpretation of your dream."
+
+When the emperor heard this, he was right joyful. Soon after that, the
+empress travailed in childbirth, and was delivered of a fair son, at
+whose birth there was great and wonderful joy made.
+
+When the king of Ampluy heard this, he thought in himself thus: "Lo, I
+have warred against the emperor all the days of my life, and now he hath
+a son who, when he cometh to full age, will revenge the wrong I have
+done against his father; therefore it is better that I send to the
+emperor and beseech him of truce and peace, that the son may have
+nothing against me when he cometh to manhood." When he had thus said to
+himself, he wrote to the emperor, beseeching him to have peace. When the
+emperor saw that the king of Ampluy wrote to him more for fear than for
+love, he wrote again to him, that if he would find good and sufficient
+sureties to keep the peace, and bind himself all the days of his life to
+do him service and homage, he would receive him to peace.
+
+When the king had read the tenor of the emperor's letter, he called his
+council, praying them to give him counsel how he best might do, as
+touching this matter. Then said they, "It is good that ye obey the
+emperor's will and commandment in all things. For first, in that he
+desired of you surety for the peace; to this we answer thus: Ye have but
+one daughter, and the emperor one son, wherefore let a marriage be made
+between them, and that may be a perpetual covenant of peace. Also he
+asketh homage and tribute, which it is good to fulfil." Then the king
+sent his messengers to the emperor, saying, that he would fulfil his
+desire in all things, if it might please his highness that his son and
+the king's daughter might be married together. All this well pleased the
+emperor, yet he sent again, saying, "If his daughter were a pure maid
+from her birth unto that day, he would consent to that marriage." Then
+was the king right glad, for his daughter was a pure maid.
+
+Therefore, when the letters of covenant and compact were sealed, the
+king furnished a fair ship, wherein he might send his daughter, with
+many noble knights, ladies, and great riches, unto the emperor, for to
+have his son in marriage.
+
+And when they were sailing in the sea, towards Rome, a storm arose so
+extremely and so horribly that the ship brake against a rock, and they
+were all drowned save only the young lady, which fixed her hope and
+heart so greatly on God, that she was saved, and about three of the
+clock the tempest ceased, and the lady drove forth over the waves in
+that broken ship which was cast up again. But a huge whale followed
+after, ready to devour both the ship and her. Wherefore this young lady,
+when night came, smote fire with a stone, wherewith the ship was greatly
+lightened, and then the whale durst not adventure toward the ship for
+fear of that light. At the cock-crowing, this young lady was so weary of
+the great tempest and trouble of sea, that she slept, and within a
+little while after the fire ceased, and the whale came and devoured the
+virgin. And when she awaked and found herself swallowed up in the
+whale's belly, she smote fire, and with a knife wounded the whale in
+many places, and when the whale felt himself wounded, according to his
+nature he began to swim to land.
+
+There was dwelling at that time in a country near by a noble earl named
+Pirris, who for his recreation walking on the sea-shore, saw the whale
+coming towards the land; wherefore he turned home again, and gathered a
+great many of men and women, and came thither again, and fought with the
+whale, and wounded him very sore, and as they smote, the maiden that was
+in his belly cried with a high voice, and said: "O gentle friends, have
+mercy and compassion on me, for I am a king's daughter, and a true maid
+from the hour of my birth unto this day." When the earl heard this he
+wondered greatly, and opened the side of the whale, and found the young
+lady, and took her out. And when she was thus delivered, she told him
+forthwith whose daughter she was, and how she had lost all her goods in
+the sea, and how she should have been married unto the emperor's son.
+And when the earl heard this, he was very glad, and comforted her the
+more, and kept her with him till she was well refreshed. And in the
+meantime he sent messengers to the emperor, letting him to know how the
+king's daughter was saved.
+
+Then was the emperor right glad of her safety, and coming, had great
+compassion on her, saying, "Ah, good maiden, for the love of my son thou
+hast suffered much woe; nevertheless, if thou be worthy to be his wife,
+soon shall I prove." And when he had thus said, he caused three vessels
+to be brought forth. The first was made of pure gold, well beset with
+precious stones without, and within full of dead men's bones, and
+thereupon was engraven this posie: "WHOSO CHOOSETH ME, SHALL FIND THAT
+HE DESERVETH." The second vessel was made of fine silver, filled with
+earth and worms, the superscription was thus: "WHOSO CHOOSETH ME, SHALL
+FIND THAT HIS NATURE DESIRETH." The third vessel was made of lead, full
+within of precious stones, and thereupon was insculpt this posie: "WHOSO
+CHOOSETH ME, SHALL FIND THAT GOD HATH DISPOSED FOR HIM." These three
+vessels the emperor showed the maiden, and said: "Lo, here daughter,
+these be rich vessels. If thou choose one of these, wherein is profit to
+thee and to others, then shalt thou have my son. And if thou choose that
+wherein is no profit to thee, nor to any other, soothly thou shalt not
+marry him."
+
+When the maiden heard this, she lift up her hands to God, and said,
+"Thou Lord, that knowest all things, grant me grace this hour so to
+choose, that I may receive the emperor's son." And with that she beheld
+the first vessel of gold, which was engraven royally, and read the
+superscription, "_Whoso chooseth me, shall find that he deserveth_;"
+saying thus, "Though this vessel be full precious, and made of pure
+gold, nevertheless I know not what is within, therefore, my dear lord,
+this vessel will I not choose."
+
+And then she beheld the second vessel, that was of pure silver, and read
+the superscription, "_Whoso chooseth me, shall find that his nature
+desireth._" Thinking thus within herself, "If I choose this vessel, what
+is within I know not, but well I know, there shall I find that nature
+desireth, and my nature desireth the lust of the flesh, and therefore
+this vessel will I not choose."
+
+When she had seen these two vessels, and had given an answer as touching
+them, she beheld the third vessel of lead, and read the superscription,
+"_Whoso chooseth me, shall find that God hath disposed._" Thinking
+within herself, "This vessel is not very rich, nor outwardly precious,
+yet the superscription saith, "_Whoso chooseth me, shall find that God
+hath disposed_;" and without doubt God never disposeth any harm,
+therefore, by the leave of God, this vessel will I choose."
+
+When the emperor heard this, he said, "O fair maiden, open thy vessel,
+for it is full of precious stones, and see if thou hast well chosen or
+no." And when this young lady had opened it, she found it full of fine
+gold and precious stones, as the emperor had told her before. Then said
+the emperor, "Daughter, because thou hast well chosen, thou shalt marry
+my son." And then he appointed the wedding-day; and they were married
+with great solemnity, and with much honour continued to their lives'
+end.
+
+
+
+
+V.--THE THREE CAKES.
+
+
+A certain carpenter, in a city near the sea, very covetous, and very
+wicked, collected a large sum of money, and placed it in the trunk of a
+tree, which he set by his fire-side, and never lost sight of. A place
+like this, he thought, no one could suspect: but it happened, that while
+all his household slept, the sea overflowed its boundaries, broke down
+that side of the building where the log was placed, and carried it away.
+It floated many miles, and reached, at length, a city in which there
+lived a person who kept open house. Arising early in the morning, he
+perceived the trunk of a tree in the water, and thinking it would be of
+use to him, he brought it home. He was a liberal, kind-hearted man; and
+a great benefactor to the poor. It one day chanced that he entertained
+some pilgrims in his house; and the weather being extremely cold, he cut
+up the log for firewood. When he had struck two or three blows with the
+axe, he heard a rattling sound; and cleaving it in twain, the gold
+pieces rolled out and about. Greatly rejoiced at the discovery, he put
+them by in a safe place, until he should ascertain who was the owner.
+
+Now the carpenter, bitterly lamenting the loss of his money, travelled
+from place to place in pursuit of it. He came, by accident, to the house
+of the hospitable man who had found the trunk. He failed not to mention
+the object of his search; and the host, understanding that the money was
+his, reflected whether his title to it were good. "I will prove," said
+he to himself, "if God will that the money should be returned to him."
+
+Accordingly, he made three cakes, the first of which he filled with
+earth; the second with the bones of dead men; and in the third he put a
+quantity of the gold which he had discovered in the trunk.
+
+"Friend," said he, addressing the carpenter, "we will eat three cakes
+made of the best meat in my house. Choose which you will have."
+
+The carpenter did as he was directed; he took the cakes and weighed them
+in his hand, one after another, and finding that with the earth weigh
+heaviest, he chose it. "And if I want more, my worthy host," added he,
+"I will have that"--laying his hand upon the cake containing the bones.
+"You may keep the third cake yourself."
+
+"I see clearly," murmured the host, "I see very clearly that God does
+not will the money to be restored to this wretched man." Calling
+therefore the poor and the infirm, the blind and the lame, he opened the
+cake of gold in the presence of the carpenter, to whom he spoke, "Thou
+miserable varlet; this is thine own gold. But thou preferredst the cake
+of earth, and dead men's bones. I am persuaded, therefore, that God
+wills not that I return thee thy money." Without delay, he distributed
+it all amongst the poor, and drove the carpenter away.
+
+
+
+
+VI.--THE HERMIT.
+
+
+There once lived a hermit, who in a remote cave passed day and night
+in God's service. Not far from his cell there was a flock kept by a
+shepherd, who one day fell into a deep sleep, when a robber, seeing him
+careless, carried off his sheep. When the keeper awoke, he began to
+swear in good set terms that he had lost his sheep; and where they were
+gone to he knew not. But the lord of the flock bade him be put to death.
+This gave to the hermit great offence. "O heaven," said he to himself,
+"seest thou this deed? The innocent suffers for the guilty: why permittest
+thou such things? If thus injustice triumph, why do I remain here? I
+will again enter the world, and do as other men do."
+
+And so he left his hermitage, and went again into the world; but God
+willed not that he should be lost: an angel in the form of a man was
+sent to join him. And so, crossing the hermit's path, he said to him,
+"Whither bound, my friend?" "I go," said he, "to yonder city." "I will
+go with you," replied the angel; "I am a messenger from heaven, come to
+be your companion on the way."
+
+So they walked on together to the city. When they had entered, they
+begged for the love of God harbourage during the night, at the house of
+a certain soldier, who received them cheerfully and entertained them
+nobly. The soldier had an only and most dear son lying in the cradle.
+After supper, their bed-chamber was sumptuously adorned for them; and
+the angel and the hermit went to rest. But about the middle of the
+night the angel rose, and strangled the sleeping infant. The hermit,
+horror-struck at what he witnessed, said within himself, "Never can
+this be an angel of God. The good soldier gave us everything that was
+necessary; he had but this poor innocent, and he is strangled." Yet he
+was afraid to reprove him.
+
+In the morning both arose and went forward to another city, in which
+they were honourably entertained at the house of one of the inhabitants.
+This person had a rich gold cup, which he highly valued; and of which,
+during the night, the angel robbed him. But still the hermit held his
+peace, for great was his fear.
+
+On the morrow they went forward; and as they walked they came to a
+certain river, over which was a bridge. They went on the bridge, and
+about midway a poor pilgrim met them. "My friend," said the angel to
+him, "show us the way to yonder city." The pilgrim turned, and pointed
+with his finger to the road they were to take; but as he turned the
+angel seized him by the shoulders, and hurled him into the stream below.
+At this the terror of the hermit became greater. "It is the devil," he
+said to himself; "it is the devil, and no good angel! What evil had the
+poor man done that he should be drowned?"
+
+He would now have gladly gone alone; but was afraid to speak his mind.
+About the hour of vespers they came to a city, in which they again
+sought shelter for the night; but the master of the house where they
+applied sharply refused it. "For the love of heaven," said the angel,
+"give us shelter, lest we fall prey to the wolves." The man pointed to a
+sty. "That," said he, "has pigs in it; if it please you to lie there you
+may, but to no other place will I admit you." "If we can do no better,"
+said the angel, "we must accept your ungracious offer." They did so; and
+next morning the angel calling their host, said, "My friend, I give you
+this cup;" and he gave him the gold cup he had stolen. The hermit, more
+and more amazed at what he saw, said to himself, "Now I am sure this is
+the devil. The good man who received us with all kindness he despoiled,
+and now he gives the plunder to this fellow who refused us a lodging."
+
+Turning therefore to the angel, he cried, "I will travel with you no
+more. I commend you to God." "Dear friend," the angel said, "first hear
+me, and then go thy way."
+
+
+THE EXPLANATION.
+
+"When thou wert in thy hermitage, the owner of the flock unjustly put to
+death his servant. True it is he died innocently, and therefore was
+in a fit state to enter another world. God permitted him to be slain,
+foreseeing, that if he lived he would commit a sin, and die before
+repentance followed. But the guilty man who stole the sheep will suffer
+eternally; while the owner of the flock will repair, by alms and good
+works, that which he ignorantly committed. As for the son of the
+hospitable soldier whom I strangled in the cradle, know, that before the
+boy was born he performed numerous works of charity and mercy; but
+afterwards grew parsimonious and covetous in order to enrich the child,
+of which he was inordinately fond. This was the cause of its death; and
+now its distressed parent is again become a devout Christian. Then for
+the cup which I purloined from him who received us so kindly, know, that
+before the cup was made, there was not a more abstemious person in the
+world; but afterwards he took such pleasure in it, and drank from it so
+often, that he was intoxicated twice or thrice during the day. I took
+away the cup, and he has returned to his former sobriety. Again I cast
+the pilgrim into the river; and know that he whom I drowned was a good
+Christian, but had he proceeded much further, he would have fallen into
+a mortal sin. Now he is saved, and reigns in celestial glory. Then, that
+I bestowed the cup upon the inhospitable citizen, know nothing is done
+without reason. He suffered us to occupy the swine-house and I gave him
+a valuable consideration. But _he_ will hereafter reign in hell. Put a
+guard, therefore, on thy lips, and detract not from the Almighty. For He
+knoweth all things."
+
+The hermit, hearing this, fell at the feet of the angel and entreated
+pardon. He returned to his hermitage, and became a good and pious
+Christian.
+
+
+
+
+VII.--THE LOST FOOT.
+
+
+A certain tyrannical and cruel knight retained in his service a very
+faithful servant. One day, when he had been to the market, he returned
+with this servant through a grove; and by the way lost thirty silver
+marks. As soon as he discovered the loss, he questioned his servant
+about it. The man solemnly denied all knowledge of the matter, and he
+spoke truth. But when the money was not to be found, he cut off the
+servant's foot, and leaving him in that place, rode home. A hermit,
+hearing the groans and cries of the man, went speedily to his help. He
+confessed him; and being satisfied of his innocence, conveyed him upon
+his shoulders to his hermitage.
+
+Then entering the oratory, he dared to reproach the All-just with want
+of justice, inasmuch as he had permitted an innocent man to lose his
+foot.
+
+For a length of time he continued in tears, and prayers, and reproaches;
+until at last an angel of the Lord appeared to him, and said, "Hast thou
+not read in the Psalms, 'God is a just judge, strong and patient?'"
+
+"Often," answered the hermit meekly, "have I read and believed it from
+my heart; but to-day I have erred. That wretched man, whose foot has
+been cut off, perhaps under the veil of confession deceived me."
+
+"Tax not the Lord with injustice," said the angel; "His way is truth,
+and His judgments equitable. Recollect how often thou hast read, 'The
+decrees of God are unfathomable.' Know that he who lost his foot, lost
+it for a former crime. With the same foot he maliciously spurned his
+mother, and cast her from a chariot--for which eternal condemnation
+overtook him. The knight, his master, was desirous of purchasing a
+war-horse, to collect more wealth, to the destruction of his soul; and
+therefore, by the just sentence of God, the money which he had provided
+for the purchase was lost. Now hear; there is a very poor man with his
+wife and little ones, who daily supplicate heaven, and perform every
+religious exercise. He found the money, when otherwise he would have
+starved, and therewith procured for himself and family the necessaries
+of life, entrusting a portion to his confessor to distribute to the
+poor. But first he diligently endeavoured to find out the right owner.
+Not accomplishing this, the poor man applied it to its proper use. Place
+then a bridle upon thy thoughts; and no more upbraid the righteous
+Disposer of all things, as thou but lately didst. For he is just, and
+strong, and patient."
+
+
+
+
+VIII.--PLACIDUS.
+
+
+In the reign of Trajan there lived a knight named Placidus, who was
+commander-in-chief of the emperor's armies. He was very merciful, but a
+worshipper of idols. His wife too was an idolater. They had two sons,
+brought up in all magnificence, and from the kindness and goodness of
+their hearts, they deserved a revelation of the way of truth.
+
+As he was one day following the chase, Placidus discovered a herd of
+deer, amongst which was one remarkable for size and beauty. Separating
+itself from the rest, it plunged into the thickest part of the brake.
+While the hunters, therefore, occupied themselves with the remainder of
+the herd, Placidus swiftly followed this deer's track. The stag scaled
+a lofty precipice, and Placidus, approaching as near as he could,
+considered how it might be followed yet. But as he regarded it with
+fixed attention, there appeared upon the centre of the brow, the form of
+the cross, which glittered with more splendour than the noonday sun.
+Upon this cross an image of Jesus Christ was suspended; and the stag
+thus addressed the hunter: "Why dost thou persecute me, Placidus? For
+thy sake have I assumed the shape of this animal. I am Christ, whom thou
+ignorantly worshippest. Thine alms have gone up before me, and therefore
+I come; but as thou hast hunted this stag, so will I hunt thee."
+
+Some indeed assert that the image, hanging between the deer's antlers,
+said these things. However that may be, Placidus, filled with terror,
+fell from his horse; and in about an hour, returning to himself, arose
+from the earth and said, "Declare what thou wouldst have, that I may
+believe in thee."
+
+"I am Christ, O Placidus! I created heaven and earth; I caused the light
+to arise, and divided it from the darkness. I appointed days, and
+seasons, and years. I formed man out of the dust of the earth; and I
+became incarnate for the salvation of mankind. I was crucified, and
+buried; and on the third day I rose again."
+
+When Placidus understood these sublime truths, he fell again upon the
+earth, and exclaimed: "I believe, O Lord, that thou hast done all this;
+and that thou art He who bringest back the wanderer."
+
+The Lord answered: "If thou believest this, go into the city and be
+baptized."
+
+"Wouldst thou, O Lord, that I tell what has befallen me to my wife and
+children, that they also may believe?"
+
+"Do so; tell them, that they also may be cleansed from their iniquities.
+And on the morrow return hither, where I will appear again, and show you
+of the future."
+
+Placidus, therefore, went to his own home, and told all that had passed
+to his wife. But she too had had a revelation; and in like manner had
+been enjoined to believe in Christ, together with her children. So they
+hastened to the city of Rome, where they were entertained and baptized
+with great joy. Placidus was called Eustacius, and his wife, Theosbyta;
+the two sons, Theosbytus and Agapetus.
+
+In the morning, Eustacius, according to custom, went out to hunt, and
+coming with his attendants near the place, he dispersed them, as if for
+the purpose of discovering the prey. Immediately the vision of yesterday
+reappeared, and prostrating himself, he said, "I implore thee, O Lord,
+to manifest thyself according to thy word."
+
+"Blessed art thou, Eustacius, because thou hast received the laver of
+my grace, and thereby overcome the devil. Now hast thou trod him to
+dust, who beguiled thee. Now will thy fidelity appear; for the devil,
+whom thou hast deserted, will rage against thee in many ways. Much must
+thou undergo ere thou possessest the crown of victory. Much must thou
+suffer from the dignified vanity of the world; and much from spiritual
+intolerance. Fail not, therefore; nor look back upon thy former
+condition. Thou must be as another Job; but from the very depth of thy
+humiliation, I will restore thee to the height of earthly splendour.
+Choose, then, whether thou wouldst prefer thy trials at the end of
+life."
+
+Eustacius replied: "If it become me, O Lord, to be exposed to trials,
+let them presently approach; but do thou uphold me, and supply me with
+patient strength."
+
+"Be bold, Eustacius: my grace shall support your souls." Saying thus,
+the Lord ascended into heaven. After which Eustacius returned home to
+his wife, and explained to her what had been decreed.
+
+In a few days a pestilence carried off the whole of their men-servants
+and maid-servants; and before long the sheep, horses, and cattle also
+perished. Robbers plundered their habitation, and despoiled them of
+every ornament; while he himself, together with his wife and sons, fled
+naked and in the deepest distress. But devoutly they worshipped God; and
+apprehensive of an Egyptian redness, went secretly away. Thus were they
+reduced to utter poverty. The king and the senate, greatly afflicted
+with their general's calamities, sought for, but found not the slightest
+trace of him.
+
+In the meantime this unhappy family approached the sea; and finding a
+ship ready to sail, they embarked in it. The master of the vessel
+observing that the wife of Eustacius was very beautiful, determined to
+secure her; and when they had crossed the sea, demanded a large sum of
+money for their passage, which, as he anticipated, they did not possess.
+Notwithstanding the vehement and indignant protestations of Eustacius,
+he seized upon his wife; and beckoning to the mariners, commanded them
+to cast the unfortunate husband headlong into the sea. Perceiving,
+therefore, that all opposition was useless, he took up his two children,
+and departed with much and heavy sorrow. "Merciful heaven," he exclaimed,
+as he wept over his bereaved offspring, "your poor mother is lost; and,
+in a strange land, in the arms of a strange lord, must lament her fate."
+
+Travelling along, he came to a river, the water of which ran so high,
+that it appeared hazardous in an eminent degree to cross with both the
+children at the same time. One, therefore, he placed carefully upon the
+bank, and then passed over with the other in his arms. This effected, he
+laid it upon the ground, and returned immediately for the remaining
+child. But in the midst of the river, accidentally glancing his eye
+back, he beheld a wolf hastily snatch up the child, and run with it into
+an adjoining wood. Half maddened at a sight so truly afflicting, he
+turned to rescue it from the destruction with which it was threatened;
+but at that instant a huge lion approached the child he had left; and
+seizing it, presently disappeared. To follow was useless, for he was in
+the middle of the water. Giving himself up, therefore, to his desperate
+situation, he began to lament and to pluck away his hair, and would have
+cast himself into the stream, had not Divine Providence preserved him.
+
+Certain shepherds, however, observing the lion carrying off the child in
+his teeth, pursued him with dogs, and by the peculiar dispensation of
+heaven it was dropped unhurt. As for the other, some ploughmen witnessing
+the adventure, shouted lustily after the wolf, and succeeded in
+liberating the poor victim from its jaws. Now it happened that both the
+shepherds and ploughmen resided in the same village, and brought up the
+children amongst them. But Eustacius knew nothing of this, and his
+affliction was so poignant that he was unable to control his complaints.
+"Alas!" he would say, "once I nourished like a luxuriant tree, but now I
+am altogether blighted. Once I was encompassed with military ensigns and
+bands of armed men; now I am a single being in the universe. I have lost
+all my children and everything that I possessed. I remember, O Lord,
+that thou saidst my trials should resemble Job's; behold they exceed
+them. For although he was destitute, he had a couch, however vile, to
+repose upon; I, alas! have nothing. He had compassionating friends;
+while I, besides the loss of my children, am left a prey to the savage
+beasts. His wife remained, but mine is forcibly carried off. Assuage my
+anguish, O Lord, and place a bridle upon my lips, lest I utter
+foolishness, and stand up against thee." With such words he gave free
+course to the fulness of his heart; and after much travel, entered a
+village, where he abode. In this place he continued for fifteen years,
+as the hired servant of one of the villagers.
+
+To return to the two boys. They were educated in the same
+neighbourhood, but had no knowledge of their consanguinity. And as for
+the wife of Eustacius, she preserved her purity, and suffered not the
+infamous usage which she had to fear. After some time her persecutor
+died.
+
+In the meanwhile the Roman emperor was beset by his enemies, and
+recollecting how valiantly Placidus had behaved himself in similar
+straits, his grief at the deplorable change of fortune was renewed. He
+despatched soldiers through various parts of the world in pursuit of
+them; and promised to the discoverer infinite rewards and honours. It
+happened that some of the emissaries, being of those who had attended
+upon the person of Placidus, came into the country in which he laboured,
+and one of them he recognized by his gait. The sight of these men
+brought back to the exile's mind the situation of wealth and honour
+which he had once possessed; and being filled with fresh trouble at the
+recollection--"O Lord!" he exclaimed, "even as beyond expectation I have
+seen these people again, so let me be restored to my beloved wife. Of my
+children I speak not; for I know too well that they are devoured by wild
+beasts."
+
+At that moment a voice whispered, "Be faithful, Eustacius, and thou wilt
+shortly recover thy lost honours, and again look upon thy wife and
+offspring."
+
+Now when the soldiers met Placidus they knew not who he was; and
+accosting him, they asked if he were acquainted with any foreigner named
+Placidus, with his wife and two sons. He replied that he did not, but
+requested that they would rest in his house. And so he took them home,
+and waited on them. And here, as before, at the recollection of his
+former splendour, his tears flowed. Unable to contain himself, he
+went out of doors, and when he had washed his face he re-entered, and
+continued his service. By-and-by one said to the other, "Surely this man
+bears great resemblance to him we inquire after." "Of a truth," answered
+his companion, "you say well. Let us examine if he possess a sabre-mark
+on his head, which he received in action." They did so, and finding a
+scar which indicated a similar wound, they leaped up and embraced him,
+and inquired after his wife and sons.
+
+He told his adventures; and the neighbours coming in, listened with
+wonder to the account delivered by the soldiers of his military
+achievements and former magnificence. Then, obeying the command of the
+emperor, they clothed him in sumptuous apparel. On the fifteenth day
+they reached the imperial court, and the emperor, apprised of his
+coming, went out to meet him, and saluted him with great gladness.
+Eustacius told all that had befallen him. He was then invested with the
+command of the army, and restored to every office that he had held
+before his departure.
+
+He now therefore prepared with energy to encounter their enemies. He
+drew together from all parts the young men of the country; and it fell
+to the lot of the village where his own children were educated, to send
+two to the army; and these very youths were selected by the inhabitants
+as the best and bravest of their number. They appeared before the
+general, and their elegant manners, so much above their station, united
+to a singular propriety of conduct, won his esteem. He placed them in
+the van of his troops, and began his march against the enemy. Now the
+spot on which he pitched his tent was near his wife's abode; and,
+strange to say, the sons themselves, in the general distribution of the
+soldiers, were quartered with their own mother, but all the while
+ignorant with whom they were stationed.
+
+About mid-day, the lads sitting together, related the various chances to
+which their infancy had been subject; and the mother, who was at no
+great distance, became an attentive listener. "Of what I was while a
+child," said the elder of the brothers, "I remember nothing, except
+that my beloved father was a leader of a company of soldiers; and that
+my mother, who was very beautiful, had two sons, of whom I was the
+elder. We left home with our parents during the night, and embarking on
+board a vessel that immediately put to sea, sailed I know not whither.
+Our mother remained in the ship, but wherefore I am also ignorant. In
+the meantime, our father carried my brother and myself in his arms, and
+me he left upon the nearer bank of a river, until he had borne the
+younger of us across. But when he was returning to me, a wolf darted
+from a thicket and bore him off in his mouth. Before he could hasten
+back to him, a prodigious lion seized upon me, and carried me into a
+neighbouring wood. But shepherds delivered me, and brought me up amongst
+them."
+
+The younger brother here burst into a flood of tears, and exclaimed,
+"Surely I have found my brother; for they who brought me up frequently
+declared that I was saved from the jaws of a wolf." They exchanged
+embraces, and the mother, who listened, felt a strong conviction that
+they were her own children. She was silent, however, and the next day
+went to the commander of the forces, and begged leave to go into her own
+country. "I am a Roman woman," said she, "and a stranger in these
+parts."
+
+As she uttered these words, her eye fixed with an earnest and anxious
+gaze upon the countenance of him she addressed. It was her husband, whom
+she now for the first time recollected; and she threw herself at his
+feet, unable to contain her joy. "My lord," cried the glad woman, "I
+entreat you to tell something of your past life; for unless I greatly
+mistake, you are Placidus, the master of the soldiery, since known by
+the name of Eustacius, whom our blessed Saviour converted and tried by
+temptations. I am _his_ wife, taken from him at sea by a wretch, who yet
+spared me from the worst. I had two sons, Agapetus and Theosbytus."
+
+These words recalled Eustacius to himself. Time and sorrow had made much
+change in both, but the recognition was full of happiness. They embraced
+and wept, giving glory to God as the God of all consolation. The wife
+then said, "My lord, what has become of our children?" "Alas!" replied
+he, "they were carried off by wild beasts;" and he told the manner of
+their loss. "Give thanks," said his wife, "give manifold thanks to the
+Lord; for as His Providence hath revealed our existence to each other,
+so will He give us back our beloved offspring." "Did I not tell you,"
+returned he, "that wild beasts had devoured them?"
+
+"True; but yesternight as I sat in the garden I overheard two young men
+tell of their childhood, and whom I believe to be our sons. Ask them,
+and they will tell you."
+
+Messengers were immediately despatched for this purpose, and a few
+questions convinced Eustacius of the full completion of his happiness.
+They fell upon each other's neck and wept aloud. It was a joyful
+occasion; the whole army shared the joy of their general. A splendid
+victory ensued. Before their return the Emperor Trajan died, and was
+succeeded by Adrian, more wicked even than his predecessor. However, he
+received the conqueror and his family with great magnificence, and
+sumptuously entertained them at his own table. But the day following the
+emperor would have proceeded to the temple of his idols to sacrifice, in
+consequence of the late victory, and desired his guests to accompany
+him. "My lord," said Eustacius, "I worship the God of the Christians;
+and Him only do I serve and propitiate with sacrifice."
+
+Enraged at an opposition he had not contemplated, he placed the man who
+had freed Rome from a foreign yoke, with his whole family, in the arena,
+and let loose a ferocious lion upon them. But the lion, to the
+astonishment of all, held down his head before them, as if in reverence.
+On which the ungrateful emperor ordered a brazen ox to be fabricated,
+and heated to the highest degree. In this his victims were cast alive;
+but with prayer and supplication they commended themselves to the mercy
+of God, and three days after, being taken out of the furnace in the
+presence of the emperor, it appeared as if they had died tranquilly
+in bed. Not a hair of their heads was scorched, nor was there the
+smallest perceptible change, more than the easiest transition from life
+occasions. The Christians buried their corpses in the most honourable
+manner, and over them constructed an oratory. They perished in the first
+year of Adrian, A.D. 120, in the kalends of November; or, as some write,
+the 12th of the kalends of October.
+
+
+
+IX.--DEAD ALEXANDER.
+
+
+We read, that at the death of Alexander a golden sepulchre was
+constructed, and that a number of philosophers assembled round it. One
+said: "Yesterday, Alexander made a treasure of gold, and now gold makes
+a treasure of him." Another observed: "Yesterday, the whole world was
+not enough to satiate his ambition; to-day, three or four ells of cloth
+are more than sufficient." A third said: "Yesterday, Alexander commanded
+the people; to-day, the people command him." Another said: "Yesterday,
+Alexander could enfranchise thousands; to-day, he cannot free himself
+from the bonds of death." Another remarked: "Yesterday, he pressed the
+earth; to-day, it oppresses him." "Yesterday," continued another, "all
+men feared Alexander; to-day, men repute him nothing." Another said:
+"Yesterday, Alexander had a multitude of friends; to-day, not one."
+Another said: "Yesterday, Alexander led on an army; to-day that army
+bears him to the grave."
+
+
+
+
+X.--THE TREE OF PALETINUS.
+
+
+Valerius tells us, that a man named Paletinus one day burst into tears;
+and calling his son and his neighbours around him, said, "Alas! alas! I
+have now growing in my garden a fatal tree, on which my first poor wife
+hung herself, then my second, and after that my third. Have I not
+therefore cause for wretchedness?" "Truly," said one who was called
+Arrius, "I marvel that you should weep at such unusual good fortune!
+Give me, I pray you, two or three sprigs of that gentle tree, which I
+will divide with my neighbours, and thereby enable every man to indulge
+his spouse." Paletinus complied with his friend's request; and ever
+after found this tree the most productive part of his estate.
+
+
+
+
+XI.--HUNGRY FLIES.
+
+
+Josephus mentions that Tiberius Cæsar, inquiring why the governors of
+provinces remain so long in office, was answered by an example. "I have
+seen," said the respondent, "an infirm man covered with ulcers,
+grievously tormented by a swarm of flies. When asked why he did not use
+a flap and drive off his tormentors, he answered, 'The very circumstance
+which you think would relieve me would, in effect, cause tenfold
+suffering. For by driving away the flies now saturated with my blood, I
+should afford an opportunity to those that were empty and hungry to
+supply their place. And who doubts that the biting of a hungry insect is
+ten thousand times more painful than that of one completely gorged,
+unless the person attacked be stone, and not flesh.'"
+
+
+
+
+XII.--THE HUMBLING OF JOVINIAN.
+
+
+When Jovinian was emperor, he had very great power, and as he lay in bed
+reflecting upon the extent of his dominions, his heart was elated.
+
+"Is there," he impiously asked, "is there any other god than me?" Amid
+such thoughts he fell asleep.
+
+In the morning, he reviewed his troops, and said, "My friends, after
+breakfast we will hunt."
+
+Preparations being made accordingly, he set out with a large retinue.
+During the chase, the emperor felt such extreme oppression from the
+heat, that he believed his very existence depended upon a cold bath. As
+he anxiously looked around, he discovered a sheet of water at no great
+distance. "Remain here," said he to his guard, "until I have refreshed
+myself in yonder stream." Then spurring his steed, he rode hastily to
+the edge of the water. Alighting, he stripped off his clothes, and
+experienced the greatest pleasure from its invigorating freshness and
+coolness. But whilst he was thus employed, a person similar to him in
+every respect--in countenance and gesture--arrayed himself unperceived
+in the emperor's dress, and then mounting his horse, rode off to the
+attendants. The resemblance to the sovereign was such, that no doubt was
+entertained of the reality; and straightway command was issued for their
+return to the palace.
+
+Jovinian, however, having quitted the water, sought in every possible
+direction for his horse and clothes, and to his utter astonishment,
+could find neither. Vexed beyond measure at the circumstance (for he was
+completely naked, and saw no one near to assist him) he began to reflect
+upon what course he should pursue. "Miserable man that I am," said he,
+"to what a strait am I reduced! There is, I remember, a knight who
+lives close by; I will go to him, and command his attendance and
+service. I will then ride on to the palace and strictly investigate the
+cause of this extraordinary conduct. Some shall smart for it."
+
+Jovinian proceeded, naked and ashamed, to the castle of the aforesaid
+knight, and beat loudly at the gate. The porter, without unclosing the
+wicket, inquired the cause of the knocking. "Open the gate," said the
+enraged emperor, "and you will see who I am." The gate was opened; and
+the porter, struck with the strange appearance he exhibited, replied,
+"In the name of all that is marvellous, what are you?" "I am," said he,
+"Jovinian, your emperor; go to your lord, and command him from me to
+supply the wants of his sovereign. I have lost both horse and clothes."
+"Infamous ribald!" shouted the porter, "just before thy approach, the
+Emperor Jovinian, accompanied by the officers of his household, entered
+the palace. My lord both went and returned with him; and but even now
+sat with him at meat. But because thou hast called thyself the emperor,
+however madly, my lord shall know of thy presumption." The porter
+entered, and related what had passed. Jovinian was introduced, but the
+knight retained not the slightest recollection of his master, although
+the emperor remembered him. "Who are you?" said the knight, "and what is
+your name?" "I am the Emperor Jovinian," rejoined he; "canst thou have
+forgotten me? At such a time I promoted thee to a military command."
+"Why, thou most audacious scoundrel," said the knight, "darest thou call
+thyself the emperor? I rode with him myself to the palace, from whence I
+am this moment returned. But thy impudence shall not go without its
+reward. Flog him," said he, turning to his servants. "Flog him soundly,
+and drive him away."
+
+This sentence was immediately executed, and the poor emperor, bursting
+into a convulsion of tears, exclaimed, "Oh, my God, is it possible that
+one whom I have so much honoured and exalted should do this? Not content
+with pretending ignorance of my person, he orders these merciless
+villains to abuse me! However, it will not be long unavenged. There is a
+certain duke, one of my privy councillors, to whom I will make known my
+calamity. At least, he will enable me to return decently to the palace."
+To him, therefore, Jovinian proceeded, and the gate was opened at his
+knock. But the porter, beholding a naked man, exclaimed in the greatest
+amaze, "Friend, who are you, and why come you here in such a guise?" He
+replied, "I am your emperor; I have accidentally lost my clothes and my
+horse, and I have come for succour to your lord. Inform the duke,
+therefore, that I have business with him." The porter, more and more
+astonished, entered the hall, and told of the man outside. "Bring him
+in," said the duke. He was brought in, but neither did he recognize the
+person of the emperor. "What art thou?" was again asked, and answered as
+before. "Poor mad wretch," said the duke, "a short time since, I
+returned from the palace, where I left the very emperor thou assumest to
+be. But ignorant whether thou art more fool or knave, we will administer
+such remedy as may suit both. Carry him to prison, and feed him with
+bread and water." The command was no sooner delivered, than obeyed; and
+the following day his naked body was submitted to the lash, and again
+cast into the dungeon.
+
+Thus afflicted, he gave himself up to the wretchedness of his untoward
+condition. In the agony of his heart, he said: "What shall I do? Oh!
+what will be my destiny? I am loaded with the coarsest contumely, and
+exposed to the malicious observation of my people. It were better to
+hasten immediately to my palace, and there discover myself--my wife will
+know me; surely, my wife will know me!" Escaping, therefore, from his
+confinement, he approached the palace and beat upon the gate. The same
+questions were repeated, and the same answers returned. "Who art thou?"
+said the porter. "It is strange," replied the aggrieved emperor, "it is
+strange that thou shouldst not know me; thou, who hast served me so
+long!" "Served _thee_!" returned the porter indignantly; "thou liest
+abominably. I have served none but the emperor." "Why," said the other,
+"thou knowest that I am he. Yet, though you disregard my words, go, I
+implore you, to the empress; communicate what I will tell thee, and by
+these signs, bid her send the imperial robes, of which some rogue
+has deprived me. The signs I tell thee of are known to none but to
+ourselves." "In verity," said the porter, "thou art specially mad; at
+this very moment my lord sits at table with the empress herself.
+Nevertheless, out of regard for thy singular merits, I will intimate thy
+declaration within; and rest assured thou wilt presently find thyself
+most royally beaten." The porter went accordingly, and related what he
+had heard. But the empress became very sorrowful, and said: "Oh, my
+lord, what am I to think? The most hidden passages of our lives are
+revealed by an obscene fellow at the gate, and repeated to me by the
+porter, on the strength of which he declares himself the emperor, and my
+espoused lord!" When the fictitious monarch was apprised of this, he
+commanded him to be brought in. He had no sooner entered, than a large
+dog, which couched upon the hearth, and had been much cherished by him,
+flew at his throat, and, but for timely prevention, would have killed
+him. A falcon also, seated upon her perch, no sooner beheld him than she
+broke her jesses and flew out of the hall. Then the pretended emperor,
+addressing those who stood about him, said: "My friends, hear what I
+will ask of yon ribald. Who are you? and what do you want?" "These
+questions," said the suffering man, "are very strange. You know I am the
+emperor and master of this place." The other, turning to the nobles who
+sat or stood at the table, continued: "Tell me, on your allegiance,
+which of us two is your lord and master?" "Your majesty asks us an easy
+thing," replied they, "and need not to remind us of our allegiance. That
+obscene wretch cannot be our sovereign. You alone are he, whom we have
+known from childhood; and we intreat that this fellow may be severely
+punished as a warning to others how they give scope to their mad
+presumption." Then turning to the empress, the usurper said: "Tell me,
+my lady, on the faith you have sworn, do you know this man who calls
+himself thy lord and emperor?" She answered: "My lord, how can you ask
+such a question? Have I not known thee more than thirty years, and borne
+thee many children? Yet, at one thing I do admire. How can this fellow
+have acquired so intimate a knowledge of what has passed between us?"
+
+The pretended emperor made no reply, but addressing the real one, said:
+"Friend, how darest thou to call thyself emperor? We sentence thee, for
+this unexampled impudence, to be drawn, without loss of time, at the
+tail of a horse. And if thou utterest the same words again, thou shalt
+be doomed to an ignominious death." He then commanded his guards to see
+the sentence put in force, but to preserve his life. The unfortunate
+emperor was now almost distracted; and urged by his despair, wished
+vehemently for death. "Why was I born?" he exclaimed. "My friends shun
+me, and my wife and children will not acknowledge me. But there is my
+confessor, still. To him will I go; perhaps he will recollect me,
+because he has often received my confessions." He went accordingly, and
+knocked at the window of his cell. "Who is there?" said the confessor.
+"The Emperor Jovinian," was the reply; "open the window and I will speak
+to thee." The window was opened; but no sooner had he looked out than he
+closed it again in great haste. "Depart from me," said he, "accursed
+thing: thou art not the emperor, but the devil incarnate." This completed
+the miseries of the persecuted man; and he tore his hair, and plucked up
+his beard by the roots. "Woe is me," he cried, "for what strange doom am
+I reserved?" At this crisis, the impious words which, in the arrogance
+of his heart, he had uttered, crossed his recollection. Immediately he
+beat again at the window of the confessor's cell, and exclaimed: "For
+the love of Him who was suspended from the cross, hear my confession."
+The recluse opened the window, and said, "I will do this with pleasure;"
+and then Jovinian acquainted him with every particular of his past life;
+and principally how he had lifted himself up against his Maker.
+
+The confession made, and absolution given, the recluse looked out of his
+window, and directly knew him. "Blessed be the most high God," said he,
+"now I do know thee. I have here a few garments: clothe thyself, and go
+to the palace. I trust that they also will recognize thee." The emperor
+did as the confessor directed. The porter opened the gate, and made a
+low obeisance to him. "Dost thou know me?" said he. "Very well, my
+lord!" replied the menial; "but I marvel that I did not observe you go
+out." Entering the hall of his mansion, Jovinian was received by all
+with a profound reverence. The strange emperor was at that time in
+another apartment with the queen; and a certain knight going to him,
+said, "My lord, there is one in the hall to whom everybody bends; he so
+much resembles you, that we know not which is the emperor." Hearing
+this, the usurper said to the empress, "Go and see if you know him." She
+went, and returned greatly surprised at what she saw. "Oh, my lord,"
+said she, "I declare to you that I know not whom to trust." "Then,"
+returned he, "I will go and determine you." And taking her hand he led
+her into the hall and placed her on the throne beside him. Addressing
+the assembly, he said, "By the oaths you have taken, declare which of
+us is your emperor." The empress answered: "It is incumbent on me to
+speak first; but heaven is my witness, that I am unable to determine
+which is he." And so said all. Then the feigned emperor spoke thus: "My
+friends, hearken! That man is your king and your lord. He exalted
+himself to the disparagement of his Maker; and God, therefore, scourged
+and hid him from your knowledge. But his repentance removes the rod; he
+has now made ample satisfaction, and again let your obedience wait upon
+him. Commend yourselves to the protection of heaven." So saying, he
+disappeared. The emperor gave thanks to God, and surrendering to Him all
+his soul, lived happily and finished his days in peace.
+
+
+
+
+XIII.--THE TWO PHYSICIANS.
+
+
+Two physicians once lived in a city, who were admirably skilled in
+medicine, insomuch that all the sick who took their prescriptions were
+healed; and it thence became a question with the inhabitants, which of
+them was the best. After a while, a dispute arose between them upon this
+point.
+
+Said one, "My friend, why should discord or envy or anger separate us;
+let us make the trial, and whosoever is inferior in skill shall serve
+the other."
+
+"But how," replied his friend, "is this to be brought about?"
+
+The first physician answered: "Hear me. I will pluck out your eyes
+without doing you the smallest injury, and lay them before you on the
+table; and when you desire it I will replace them as perfect and
+serviceable as they were before. If, in like manner, you can perform
+this, we will then be esteemed equal, and walk as brethren through the
+world. But, remember, he who fails in the attempt shall become the
+servant of the other."
+
+"I am well pleased," returned his fellow, "to do as you say." Whereupon
+he who made the proposition took out his instruments and extracted the
+eyes, besmearing the sockets and the outer part of the lids with a
+certain rich ointment.
+
+"My dear friend," said he, "what do you perceive?"
+
+"Of a surety," cried the other, "I see nothing. I want the use of my
+eyes, but I feel no pain from their loss. I pray you, however, restore
+them to their places as you promised."
+
+"Willingly," said his friend. He again touched the inner and outer part
+of the lids with the ointment, and then, with much precision, inserted
+the balls into their sockets. "How do you see now?" asked he.
+
+"Excellently," returned the other, "nor do I feel the least pain."
+"Well, then," continued the first, "it now remains for you to treat me
+in a similar manner." "I am ready," he said. And accordingly taking the
+instruments, as the first had done, he smeared the upper and under parts
+of the eye with a peculiar ointment, drew out the eyes and placed them
+upon the table. The patient felt no pain, but added, "I wish you would
+hasten to restore them." The operator cheerfully complied; but as he
+prepared his implements, a crow entered by an open window, and seeing
+the eyes upon the table, snatched one of them up, and flew away with it.
+The physician, vexed at what had happened, said to himself, "If I do not
+restore the eye to my companion, I must become his slave." At that
+moment a goat, browsing at no great distance, attracted his observation.
+Instantly he ran to it, drew out one of his eyes, and put it into the
+place of the lost one.
+
+"My dear friend," exclaimed the operator, "how do things appear to
+you?"
+
+"Neither in extracting nor in replacing," he answered, "did I suffer the
+least pain; but--bless me!--one eye looks up to the trees!"
+
+"Ah!" replied the first, "this is the very perfection of medicine.
+Neither of us is superior; henceforward we will be friends, as we are
+equals; and banish far off that spirit of contention which has destroyed
+our peace." The goat-eyed man of physic acquiesced; they lived from this
+time in the greatest amity.
+
+
+
+
+XIV.--THE FALCON.
+
+
+In the reign of Pompey there lived a fair and amiable lady, and near to
+her dwelt a handsome, noble soldier. He often visited her, and professed
+much honourable love. The soldier coming once to see her, observed a
+falcon upon her wrist, which he greatly admired. "Dear lady," said he,
+"if you love me, give me that beautiful bird." "I consent," returned
+she, "but on one condition, that you do not attach yourself so much to
+it as to rob me of your society." "Far be such ingratitude from your
+servant," cried the soldier, "I would not forsake you on any account;
+and believe me, this generosity binds me more than ever to love you."
+
+The lady presented the falcon to him; and bidding her farewell, he
+returned to his own castle. But he liked the bird so much, that he
+forgot his promise to the lady, and never thought of her except when he
+sported with the falcon. She sent messengers to him, but it was of no
+use; he came not: and at last she wrote a very urgent letter, entreating
+him, without the least delay, to hasten to her and bring the falcon
+along with him.
+
+He acquiesced; and the lady, after salutation, asked him to let her
+touch the bird. But when she had it in her hands, she wrenched its head
+from the body. "Madam," said the vexed soldier, "what have you done?" To
+which the lady answered, "Be not offended, but rather rejoice at what I
+have done. That falcon was the cause of your absence, and I killed him
+that I might enjoy your company as I was wont." The soldier, satisfied
+with the reason, became once more faithful in his love.
+
+
+APPLICATION.
+
+My beloved, the king is our heavenly Father; the lady, our human nature
+joined to the divinity in Christ. The soldier is any Christian, and the
+falcon, temporal prosperity.
+
+
+
+
+XV.--LET THE LAZIEST BE KING.
+
+
+The Emperor Pliny had three sons, to whom he was very indulgent. He
+wished to dispose of his kingdom, and calling the three into his
+presence, spoke thus: "The laziest of you shall reign after my death."
+
+"Then," answered the elder, "the kingdom must be mine; for I am so lazy,
+that sitting once by the fire, I burnt my legs, because I was too
+slothful to withdraw them."
+
+The second son said, "The kingdom should properly be mine, for if I had
+a rope round my neck, and held a sword in my hand, my idleness is such,
+that I should not put forth my hand to cut the rope."
+
+"But I," said the third son, "ought to be preferred to you both; for I
+outdo both in sloth. While I lay upon my bed, water dropped from above
+upon my eyes; and though, from the nature of the water, I was in danger
+of becoming blind, I neither could nor would turn my head ever so little
+to the right hand or to the left." The emperor, hearing this, bequeathed
+the kingdom to him, thinking him the laziest of the three.
+
+
+
+
+XVI.--THE THREE MAXIMS.
+
+
+Domitian was a very wise and just prince, and suffered no offender to
+escape. It happened that as he once sat at table, a certain merchant
+knocked at the gate. The porter opened it, and asked what he pleased to
+want.
+
+"I have brought some useful things for sale," answered the merchant. The
+porter introduced him, and he very humbly made obeisance to the emperor.
+
+"My friend," said the emperor, "what merchandise have you to dispose
+of?"
+
+"Three maxims of especial wisdom and excellence, my lord."
+
+"And how much will you take for your maxims?"
+
+"A thousand florins."
+
+"And so," said the king, "if they are of no use to me I lose my money?"
+
+"My lord," answered the merchant, "if the maxims do not stand you in
+stead, I will return the money."
+
+"Very well," said the emperor. "Let us hear your maxims."
+
+"The first, my lord, is this: 'Whatever you do, do wisely; and think of
+the consequences.' The second is: 'Never leave the _highway_ for a
+_byway_.' And, thirdly: 'Never stay all night as a guest in that house
+where you find the master an old man and his wife a young woman.' These
+three maxims, if you attend to them, will be extremely serviceable."
+
+The emperor, being of the same opinion, ordered him to be paid a
+thousand florins; and so pleased was he with the first, that he
+commanded it to be inscribed in his court, in his bed-chamber, and in
+every place where he was accustomed to walk, and even upon the
+table-cloths from which he ate.
+
+Now the rigid justice of the emperor occasioned a conspiracy among the
+vicious and refractory of his subjects; and finding the means of
+accomplishing their purposes somewhat difficult, they engaged a barber,
+by large promises, to cut his throat as he shaved him.
+
+When the emperor, therefore, was to be shaved, the barber lathered his
+beard, and began to operate upon it; but casting his eyes over the towel
+which he had fastened round the royal neck, he perceived woven thereon,
+"Whatever you do, do wisely, and think of the consequences." The
+inscription startled the tonsor, and he said to himself, "I am to-day
+hired to destroy this man. If I do it, my end will be ignominious; I
+shall be condemned to the most shameful death. Therefore, whatsoever I
+do, it is good to consider the end, as the writing testifies." These
+cogitations disturbed the barber so much that his hand trembled, and the
+razor fell to the ground. The emperor, seeing this, inquired the cause.
+
+"Oh, my lord," said the barber, "have mercy upon me: I was hired this
+day to destroy you; but accidentally, or rather by the will of God, I
+read the inscription on the towel, 'Whatever you do, do wisely, and
+think of the consequences.' Whereby, considering that, of a surety, the
+consequence would be my own destruction, my hand trembled so much, that
+I lost all command over it."
+
+"Well," thought the emperor, "this first maxim hath assuredly saved my
+life: in a good hour was it purchased. My friend," said he to the
+barber, "on condition that you be faithful hereafter, I pardon you."
+
+The noblemen who had conspired against the emperor, finding that their
+project had failed, consulted with one another what they were to do
+next.
+
+"On such a day," said one, "he journeys to a particular city; we will
+hide ourselves in a bypath, through which, in all probability, he will
+pass, and so kill him."
+
+The counsel was approved.
+
+The king, as had been expected, prepared to set out; and riding on till
+he came to a cross-way, much less circuitous than the high road, his
+knights said, "My lord, it will be better for you to go this way, than
+to pass along the broad road; it is considerably nearer."
+
+The king pondered the matter within himself. "The second maxim," thought
+he, "admonishes me never to forsake the highway for a byway. I will
+adhere to that maxim."
+
+Then turning to his soldiers, "I shall not quit the public road; but
+you, if it please you, may proceed by that path, and prepare for my
+approach." Accordingly a number of them went; and the ambush, imagining
+that the king rode in their company, fell upon them and put the greater
+part to the sword. When the news reached the king, he secretly
+exclaimed, "My second maxim hath also saved my life."
+
+Seeing, therefore, that by cunning they were unable to slay their lord,
+the conspirators again took counsel, and it was observed, that on a
+certain day he would lodge in a particular house, "because," said they,
+"there is no other fit for his reception. Let us then agree with the
+master of that house, and his wife, for a sum of money to kill the
+emperor as he lies in bed."
+
+This was agreed to.
+
+But when the emperor had come into the city, and had been lodged in the
+house to which the conspirators referred, he commanded his host to be
+called into his presence. Observing that he was an old man, the emperor
+said, "Have you not a wife?"
+
+"Yes, my lord."
+
+"I wish to see her."
+
+The lady came; and when it appeared that she was very young--not
+eighteen years of age--the king said hastily to his chamberlain, "Away,
+prepare me a bed in another house. I will remain here no longer."
+
+"My lord," replied he, "be it as you please. But they have made
+everything ready for you: were it not better to lie where you are, for
+in the whole city there is not so commodious a place."
+
+"I tell you," answered the emperor, "I will sleep elsewhere."
+
+The chamberlain, therefore, removed; and the king went privately to
+another residence, saying to the soldiers about him, "Remain here, if
+you like; but join me early in the morning."
+
+Now while they slept, the old man and his wife arose, and not finding
+the king, put to death all the soldiers who had remained. In the
+morning, when the murder was discovered, the emperor gave thanks to God
+for his escape. "Oh," cried he, "if I had continued here, I should have
+been destroyed. So the third maxim hath also preserved me."
+
+But the old man and his wife, with the whole of their family, were
+crucified. The emperor retained the three maxims in memory during life,
+and ended his days in peace.
+
+
+
+
+XVII.--A LOAF FOR A DREAM.
+
+
+There were once three friends who agreed to make a pilgrimage together.
+It happened that their provisions fell short, and having but one loaf
+between them, they were nearly famished.
+
+"Should this loaf," they said to each other, "be divided amongst us,
+there will not be enough for any one. Let us then take counsel
+together, and consider how the bread is to be disposed of."
+
+"Suppose we sleep upon the way," replied one of them; "and whosoever
+hath the most wonderful dream shall possess the loaf."
+
+The other two acquiesced, and settled themselves to sleep.
+
+But he who gave the advice, arose while they were sleeping, and ate up
+the bread, not leaving a single crumb for his companions. When he had
+finished he awoke them.
+
+"Get up quickly," said he, "and tell us your dreams."
+
+"My friends," answered the first, "I have had a very marvellous vision.
+A golden ladder reached up to heaven, by which angels ascended and
+descended. They took my soul from my body, and conveyed it to that
+blessed place where I beheld the Holy Trinity; and where I felt such an
+overflow of joy, as eye hath not seen, nor ear heard. This is my dream."
+
+"And I," said the second, "beheld the devils with iron instruments, by
+which they dragged my soul from the body, and plunging it into hell
+flames, most grievously tormented me, saying, 'As long as God reigns in
+heaven this will be your portion.'"
+
+"Now then," said the third, who had eaten the bread, "hear my dream. It
+appeared as if an angel came and addressed me in the following manner:
+'My friend, would you see what is become of your companions?' I answered,
+'Yes, Lord. We have but one loaf among us, and I fear that they have run
+off with it.' 'You are mistaken,' he rejoined, 'it lies beside us;
+follow me.' He immediately led me to the gate of heaven, and by his
+command I put in my head and saw you; and I thought that you were
+snatched up into heaven and sat upon a throne of gold, while rich
+wines and delicate meats stood around you. Then said the angel, 'Your
+companion, you see, has an abundance of good things, and dwells in all
+pleasures. There he will remain for ever; for he has entered a celestial
+kingdom, and cannot return. Come now where your other associate is
+placed.' I followed, and he led me to hell-gates, where I beheld you in
+torment, as you just now said. Yet they furnished you, even there, with
+bread and wine in abundance. I expressed my sorrow at seeing you in
+misery, and you replied, 'As long as God reigns in heaven here I must
+remain, for I have merited it. Do you then rise up quickly, and eat all
+the bread, since you will see neither me nor my companion again.' I
+complied with your wishes; arose, and ate the bread."
+
+
+
+
+XVIII.--LOWER THAN THE BEASTS.
+
+
+In the reign of a certain king there lived a proud and oppressive
+seneschal. Now near the royal palace was a forest well stocked with
+game; and by the direction of this person various pits were dug there,
+and covered with leaves, for the purpose of entrapping the beasts. It
+happened that the seneschal himself went into this forest, and with much
+exaltation of heart exclaimed internally, "Lives there a being in the
+empire more powerful than I am?" This braggart thought was scarcely
+formed, ere he rode upon one of his own pitfalls, and immediately
+disappeared.
+
+The same day had been taken a lion, a monkey, and a serpent. Terrified
+at the situation into which fate had thrown him, he cried out lustily;
+and his noise awoke a poor man called Guido, who had come with his ass
+into that forest for firewood, by the sale of which he got his bread.
+Hastening to the mouth of the pit, and finding the cause of the noise,
+he was promised great wealth if he would lift the seneschal out.
+
+"My friend," answered Guido, "I have no means of obtaining a livelihood
+except by the faggots which I collect; if I neglect this for one day, I
+shall starve."
+
+The seneschal renewed his promises of enriching him. Guido went back to
+the city, and returned with a long cord, which he let down into the pit,
+and bade the seneschal bind it round his waist. But before he could do
+so, the lion leaped forward, and seizing upon the cord, was drawn up in
+his stead. Immediately, in high glee, the beast ran off into the wood.
+The rope again descended, and the monkey having noticed the success of
+the lion, vaulted above the man's head, and shaking the cord, was in
+like manner set at liberty. Without staying to return thanks, he hurried
+off to his haunts. A third time the cord was let down, and the serpent
+twining around it, was drawn up, and escaped.
+
+"O my good friend," said the seneschal, "the beasts are gone, now draw
+me up quickly, I pray you."
+
+Guido complied, and afterwards succeeded in drawing up his horse, which
+the seneschal instantly mounted and rode back to the palace.
+
+Guido returned home; and his wife observing that he had come without
+wood, was very dejected, and inquired the cause. He related what had
+occurred, and the riches he was to receive for his service. The wife's
+countenance brightened, and early in the morning she posted off her
+husband to the palace. But the seneschal denied all knowledge of him,
+and ordered him to be whipped for his presumption. The porter executed
+the directions, and beat him so severely that he left him half dead. As
+soon as Guido's wife understood this, she saddled their ass, and brought
+him home. The sickness which ensued, consumed the whole of their little
+property; but as soon as he had recovered, he went back to his usual
+occupation in the wood.
+
+Whilst he was thus employed, he saw afar off ten asses laden with packs,
+and a lion by the last of them, coming along the path. On looking
+narrowly at this beast, he remembered that it was the same which he had
+freed from its imprisonment in the pit. The lion signified with his foot
+that he should take the loaded asses, and go home. This Guido did, and
+the lion followed. When he had come to his own door, the noble beast
+fawned upon him, and wagging his tail as if in triumph, ran back to the
+woods. Guido caused proclamation to be made in different churches,[7]
+that if any asses had been lost, the owners should come to him; but no
+one appearing to demand them, he opened the packages, and to his great
+joy discovered them full of money.
+
+On the second day Guido returned to the forest, but forgot an iron
+instrument to cleave the wood. He looked up, and saw the monkey whom he
+had set free; and the animal, by help of teeth and nails, worked for
+him. Guido then loaded his asses and went home.
+
+The next day he renewed his visit to the forest; and sitting down to
+prepare his axe, discerned the serpent, whose escape he had aided,
+carrying a stone in its mouth of three colours; the one white, another
+black, and the third red. It opened its mouth and let the stone fall
+into Guido's lap. Having done this, it departed. Guido took the stone to
+a skilful lapidary, who had no sooner inspected it than he knew its
+virtues, and would willingly have paid him a hundred florins for it. But
+Guido refused; and by means of that singular stone, obtained great
+wealth, and was promoted to a military command.
+
+The emperor having heard of the extraordinary qualities which it
+possessed, desired to see it. Guido went accordingly; and the emperor
+was so struck with its uncommon beauty, that he wished to purchase it at
+any rate; and threatened, if Guido refused compliance, to banish him
+the kingdom.
+
+"My lord," answered he, "I will sell the stone; but let me say one
+thing--if the price be not given, it shall be presently restored to me."
+
+He demanded three hundred florins, and then taking it from a small
+coffer, put it into the emperor's hands. Full of admiration, he
+exclaimed, "Tell me where you procured this beautiful stone?"
+
+This he did; and related from the beginning the seneschal's accident and
+subsequent ingratitude. He told how severely he had been whipped by his
+command; and the benefits he had received from the lion, the monkey, and
+serpent.
+
+Much moved at the recital, the emperor sent for the seneschal, and said,
+"What is this I hear of thee?" He was unable to reply. "O wretch!"
+continued the emperor--"monster of ingratitude! Guido liberated thee from
+the most imminent danger, and for this thou hast nearly destroyed him.
+Dost thou see how even irrational things have rendered him good for the
+service he performed? but thou hast returned evil for good. Therefore I
+deprive thee of thy dignity, which I will bestow upon Guido; and I
+further adjudge you to be hung on a cross." This decree infinitely
+rejoiced the noblemen of the empire; and Guido, full of honours and
+years, ended his days in peace.
+
+
+
+
+XIX.--OF REAL FRIENDSHIP.
+
+
+A certain king had an only son whom he much loved. The young man was
+desirous of travelling, and obtained his father's leave to travel. After
+an absence of seven years he returned, and his father, overjoyed at his
+arrival, asked what friends he had made. "Three," said the son, "the
+first of whom I love more than myself; the second, as much as myself;
+and the third, little or nothing."
+
+"You say well," returned the father; "but it is a good thing to prove
+them before you need their help. Therefore kill a pig, put it into a
+sack, and go at night to the house of him whom you love best, and say
+that you have accidentally killed a man, and if the body should be found
+I shall condemn you to an ignominious death. Intreat him if he ever
+loved you, to give his help in this extremity." The son did so; and the
+friend answered, "Since you have rashly destroyed a man, you must needs
+be crucified. Now because you were my friend, I will bestow upon you
+three or four ells of cloth to wrap your body in."
+
+The youth hearing this, went in much indignation to the second of his
+friends, and told the same story. He received him like the first, and
+said, "Do you believe me mad, that I should expose myself to such peril?
+But since I have called you my friend, I will accompany you to the
+cross, and console you as much as possible upon the way."
+
+This liberal proposal not meeting the prince's approbation, he went to
+the third, and said, "I am ashamed to speak what I have done; but alas!
+I have accidentally slain a man." "My friend," answered the other, "I
+will readily lay down my life in your defence; and should you be
+condemned to expiate your misfortune on the cross, I will be crucified
+either for you or with you." _This_ man, therefore, proved that he was
+his friend.
+
+
+
+
+XX.--ROYAL BOUNTY.
+
+
+A king issued a proclamation, that whosoever would come to him should
+obtain all they asked. The noble and the rich desired dukedoms, or
+counties, or knighthood; and some treasures of silver and gold. But
+whatsoever they desired they had. Then came the poor and the simple,
+and solicited a like boon.
+
+"Ye come late," said the king, "the noble and the rich have already
+been, and have carried away all I possess." This reply troubled them
+exceedingly; and the king, moved by their concern, said, "My friends,
+though I have given away all my wealth, I have still the sovereign
+power; no one asked for that. I appoint you, therefore, to be their
+judges and masters."
+
+When this came to the ears of the rich, they were extremely disturbed,
+and said to the king, "My lord, we are greatly troubled at your
+appointing these poor wretches our rulers; it were better for us to die
+than admit such servitude."
+
+"Sirs," answered the king, "I do you no wrong: whatever you asked I
+gave; insomuch that nothing remains to me but the supreme power.
+Nevertheless, I will give you counsel. Whosoever of you has enough to
+support life, let him bestow the superfluity upon these poor people.
+They will then live honestly and comfortably, and upon these conditions
+I will resume the sovereignty and keep it, while you avoid the servitude
+you fear." And thus it was done.
+
+
+
+
+XXI.--WILY BEGUILED.
+
+
+A thief went one night to the house of a rich man, and scaling the roof,
+peeped through a hole to see whether any part of the family were yet
+stirring. The master of the house, suspecting something, said secretly
+to his wife, "Ask me in a loud voice how I got my property, and do not
+stop until I bid you."
+
+The woman complied, and began to shout, "My dear husband, pray tell me,
+since you never were a merchant, how you came by all the wealth you
+have."
+
+"My love," answered her husband, "do not ask such foolish questions."
+
+But she persisted in her inquiries; and at length, as if overcome by her
+urgency, he said, "Keep what I am going to tell you a secret, and you
+shall know."
+
+"Oh! trust me."
+
+"Well, then, you must know that I was a thief, and got what I now enjoy
+by nightly depredations."
+
+"It is strange," said the wife, "that you were never taken."
+
+"Why," he replied, "my master, who was a skilful clerk, taught me a
+particular word, which, when I went on the tops of people's houses, I
+pronounced, and thus escaped detection."
+
+"Tell me, I conjure you," returned the lady, "what that powerful word
+was."
+
+"Hear, then; but never mention it again, or we shall lose all our
+property."
+
+"Be sure of that," said the lady; "it shall never be repeated."
+
+"It was--is there no one within hearing?--the mighty word was 'FALSE.'"
+
+The lady, apparently quite satisfied, fell asleep; and her husband
+feigned it. He snored lustily, and the thief above, who had heard their
+conversation with much pleasure, aided by the light of the moon,
+descended, repeating seven times the cabalistic sound. But being too
+much occupied with the charm to mind his footing, he stepped through the
+window into the house; and in the fall dislocated his leg and arm, and
+lay half dead upon the floor. The owner of the mansion, hearing the
+noise, and well knowing the reason, though he pretended ignorance, asked
+"What was the matter?" "Oh!" groaned the suffering thief, "_False_
+falls." In the morning he was taken before the judge, and afterwards
+suspended on a cross.
+
+
+
+
+XXII.--THE BASILISK.
+
+
+Alexander the Great was lord of the whole world. He once collected a
+large army, and besieged a certain city, around which many knights and
+others were killed without any visible wound. Much surprised at this, he
+called together his philosophers, and said, "My masters, how is this? My
+soldiers die, and there is no apparent wound!" "No wonder," replied
+they; "under the walls of the city is a basilisk, whose look infects
+your soldiers, and they die of the pestilence it creates." "And what
+remedy is there for this?" said the king.
+
+"Place a glass in a high place between the army and the wall under which
+the basilisk cowers; and no sooner shall he behold it, than his own
+figure, reflected in the mirror, shall return the poison upon himself,
+and kill him." Alexander took their advice, and thus saved his
+followers.
+
+
+APPLICATION.
+
+My beloved, look into the glass of _reflection_, and by remembrance of
+human frailty destroy the vices which time breeds.
+
+
+
+
+XXIII.--THE TRUMP OF DEATH.
+
+
+A king made a law, by which whosoever was suddenly to be put to death,
+in the morning, before sunrise should be saluted with songs and
+trumpets; and, arrayed in black garments, should receive judgment. This
+king made a great feast; and convoked all the nobles of his kingdom, who
+appeared accordingly. The most skilful musicians were assembled, and
+there was much sweet melody.
+
+But the king was discontented and out of humour; his countenance
+expressed intense sorrow, and sighs and groans rose from his heart. The
+courtiers were all amazed; but none dared ask the cause of his sadness.
+At last, the king's brother whispered to him the surprise of his guests,
+and intreated that he might understand the cause of his grief. "Go home
+now," answered the king; "to-morrow you shall know." This was done.
+
+Early in the morning the king caused the trumpets to sound before his
+brother's house, and the guards to bring him to the court. The brother,
+greatly alarmed at the sounding of the trumpets, arose, and put on
+black. When he came before the king, the king commanded a deep pit to
+be dug, and a rotten chair, with four decayed feet, to be slightly
+suspended over it. In this chair he made his brother sit; above his head
+he caused a sword to hang, attached to one silk thread; and four men,
+each armed with a very sharp sword, to stand near him, one before and
+one behind; a third on the right hand, and the fourth on the left. When
+they were thus placed, the king said, "The moment I give the word,
+strike him to the heart."
+
+Trumpets, and all other kind of musical instruments, were brought; and a
+table, covered with various dishes, was set before him. "My dear
+brother," said the king, "what is the cause of your sorrow? Here are the
+greatest delicacies, the most enrapturing harmony; why do you not
+rejoice?"
+
+"How can I rejoice?" answered he. "In the morning, trumpets sounded for
+my death; and I am now placed upon a frail chair, in which, if I move
+ever so little, I shall probably be thrown upon the pointed sword
+beneath. If I raise my head, the weapon above will pierce to my brain.
+Besides this, the four torturers around stand ready to kill me at your
+bidding. These things considered, were I lord of the universe I could
+not rejoice."
+
+"Now, then," answered the king, "I will reply to your question of
+yesterday. I am, on my throne, as you on that frail chair. For my body
+is its emblem, supported by four decayed feet, that is, by the four
+elements. The pit below me is hell. Above my head is the sword of divine
+justice, ready to take life from my body. Before me is the sword of
+death; behind, the sword of sin, ready to accuse me at the tribunal of
+God. The weapon on the right hand is the devil; and that on the left, is
+the worms which after death shall gnaw my body. And, considering all
+these circumstances, how can _I_ rejoice? If you to-day feared me, who
+am mortal, how much more ought I to dread my Creator and my Redeemer,
+our Lord Jesus Christ? Go, dearest brother, and be careful that you do
+not again ask such questions."
+
+The brother rose from his unpleasant seat, and rendering thanks to the
+king for the lesson he had given him, firmly resolved to amend his life.
+All who were present commended the ingenuity of the royal reproof.
+
+
+
+
+XXIV.--ALEXANDER AND THE PIRATE.
+
+
+Augustine tells us in his book, "De Civitate Dei," that Diomedes, in a
+piratical galley, for a long time infested the sea, plundering and
+sinking many ships. Being captured by command of Alexander, before whom
+he was brought, the king inquired how he dared to molest the seas. "How
+darest _thou_," replied he, "molest the earth? Because I am master only
+of a single galley, I am termed a robber; but you, who oppress the world
+with huge squadrons, are called a king and a conqueror. Would my fortune
+change I might become better; but as you are the more fortunate, so
+much are you the worse." "I will change thy fortune," said Alexander,
+"lest fortune should be blamed by thy malignity." Thus he became rich;
+and from a robber was made a prince and a dispenser of justice.
+
+
+
+
+XXV.--A TALE OF A PENNY.
+
+
+There was an emperor whose porter was very shrewd. He earnestly besought
+his master that he might have the custody of a city for a single month,
+and receive, by way of tax, one penny from every crook-backed, one-eyed,
+scabby, leprous, or ruptured person. The emperor admitted his request,
+and confirmed the gift under his own seal.
+
+Accordingly, the porter was installed in his office; and as the people
+entered the city he took note of their defects, and charged them in
+accordance with the grant. It happened that a hunch-backed fellow one
+day entered, and the porter made his demand. Hunch-back protested that
+he would pay nothing.
+
+The porter immediately laid hands upon him, and accidentally raising his
+cap, discovered that he was _one-eyed_ also. He demanded two pennies
+forthwith.
+
+The other still more vehemently opposed, and would have fled; but the
+porter catching hold of his head, the cap came off, and disclosed a bald
+_scab_; whereupon he required three pennies.
+
+Hunch-back, very much enraged, persisted in his refusal, and began to
+struggle with the porter. This caused an exposure of his arms, by which
+it became manifest that he was _leprous_. The fourth penny was therefore
+laid claim to; and the scuffle continuing, revealed a _rupture_, which
+made a fifth.
+
+Thus, a fellow unjustly refusing to pay a rightful demand of _one_
+penny, was necessitated, much against his inclination, to pay _five_.
+
+
+
+
+XXVI.--OF AVOIDING IMPRECATIONS.
+
+
+Gervase of Tilbury relates a very remarkable occurrence, but at the same
+time full of excellent caution and prudent exhortation.
+
+During the reign of the Roman emperor Otto, there was, in the bishopric
+of Girona, in Catalonia, a very high mountain, whose ascent was
+extremely arduous, and, except in one place, inaccessible. On the summit
+was an unfathomable lake of black water. Here also stood, as it is
+reported, a palace of demons, with a large gate, continually closed; but
+the palace itself, as well as its inhabitants, existed in invisibility.
+If any one cast a stone or other hard substance into this lake, the
+demons exhibited their anger by furious storms. In one part of the
+mountain was perpetual snow and ice, with abundance of crystal. At its
+foot flowed a river, whose sands were of gold; and the precious metal
+thus obtained, was denominated, by the vulgar, its _cloak_. The mountain
+itself and the parts adjacent, furnished silver; and its inexhaustible
+fertility was not the least surprising.
+
+Not far from hence lived a certain farmer, who was much occupied with
+domestic matters, and troubled exceedingly by the incessant squalling of
+his little girl; insomuch, that at length wearied out by the torment,
+in a moment of fretfulness he wished his infant at the devil. This
+incautious desire was scarcely uttered, ere the girl was seized by an
+invisible hand, and carried off. Seven years afterwards, a person
+journeying at the foot of the mountain near the farmer's dwelling,
+distinguished a man hurrying along at a prodigious rate, and uttering
+the most doleful complaints. He stopped to inquire the occasion; and
+was told, that for the space of seven years last passed, he had been
+committed to the custody of the demons upon that mountain, who daily
+made use of him as of a chariot, in consequence of an unwary exclamation
+to that effect. The traveller startled at an assertion so extraordinary,
+and a little incredulous, was informed that his neighbour had suffered
+in a similar degree; for that having hastily committed his daughter to
+their power, they had instantly borne her off. He added, that the
+demons, weary of instructing the girl, would willingly restore her,
+provided the father presented himself on the mountain and there received
+her.
+
+The auditor, thunder-struck at this communication, doubted whether he
+should conceal things so incredible, or relate them as he had heard. He
+determined, at last, to declare the girl's situation to her father; and
+hastening, accordingly, found him still bewailing the lengthened absence
+of his daughter. Ascertaining the cause, he went on to state what he had
+heard from the man whom the devils used as a chariot. "Therefore," said
+he, "I recommend you, attesting the divine name, to demand of these
+devils the restitution of your daughter." Amazed at what was imparted to
+him, the father deliberated upon the best method of proceeding; and
+finally, pursued the counsel of the traveller. Ascending the mountain,
+he passed forward to the lake, and adjured the demons to restore the
+girl whom his folly had committed to them. Suddenly a violent blast
+swept by him, and a girl of lofty stature stood in his presence. Her
+eyes were wild and wandering, and her bones and sinews were scarcely
+covered with skin. Her horrible countenance discovered no sign of
+sensibility; and, ignorant of all language, she scarcely could be
+acknowledged for a human being. The father, wondering at her strange
+appearance, and doubtful whether she should be taken to his own home or
+not, posted to the bishop of Girona, and with a sorrowful aspect
+detailed what had befallen him; at the same time requesting his advice.
+The bishop, as a religious man, and one entrusted with a charge of so
+much importance, narrated every circumstance respecting the girl to his
+diocese. He warned them against rashly committing their fortunes to the
+power of concealed demons; and showed that our adversary the devil, as a
+raging lion, goeth about seeking whom he may devour; that he will slay
+those who are given to him, and hold them in eternal bonds.
+
+The man who was used by the devils as a chariot, a long time remained in
+this miserable situation. But his subsequent faith and discretion
+emancipated him. He stated that near the above-mentioned place there was
+an extensive subterranean palace, whose entrance was by a single gate,
+enveloped in the thickest darkness. Through this portal the devils, who
+had been on embassies to various parts of the world, returned, and
+communicated to their fellows what they had done. No one could tell of
+what the palace was constructed, save themselves, and those who passed
+under their yoke to eternal damnation. From all which, my beloved, we
+may gather the dangers we are exposed to, and how cautious we should be
+of invoking the devil to our assistance, as well as of committing our
+family to his power. Let us guard our hearts, and beware that he catch
+not up the sinful soul, and plunge it into the lake of everlasting
+misery; where there is snow and ice unthawed; crystal, that reflects the
+awakened and agonized conscience perpetually burning with immortal fire.
+
+
+
+
+XXVII.--A VERSE EXERCISE.
+
+
+Alexander had an only son called Celestinus, whom he loved with the
+utmost tenderness. He desired to have him well instructed; and sending
+for a certain philosopher, said, "Sir, instruct my son, and I will pay
+you bountifully." The philosopher agreed, and took the boy home with
+him. He diligently performed his duty; and it happened, that one day
+entering a meadow with his pupil, they saw a horse lying on the ground,
+grievously affected with the mange. Near the animal two sheep were tied
+together, which busily cropped the grass that grew around them. It so
+chanced that the sheep were on each side of the horse, and the cord with
+which they were bound passed over his back, and chafing the sores,
+galled him exceedingly. Disturbed by this, he got up; but the cord, then
+loaded with the weight of the sheep, afflicted him more and more; and
+filled with fury, he began to run off at a great speed, dragging along
+the unfortunate sheep. And in equal proportion to their resistance was
+the increase of the horse's suffering, for the cord, having worn itself
+into a hollow, sunk, at every struggle, deeper into the wound.
+
+Adjoining the meadow was the house of a miller, toward which the horse,
+impelled by the anguish of his wound, galloped, and entered, with the
+sheep hanging as we have said. The house was then unoccupied; but there
+was a fire burning upon the hearth; and the horse plunging and striking
+his hoofs, so scattered the fire, that the flame caught hold of the
+building, and burnt all to ashes, together with the horse and the sheep.
+"Young man," said the preceptor to his pupil, "you have witnessed the
+beginning, the middle, and the end of this incident: make me some
+correct verses upon it; and show me why the house was burnt. Unless you
+do this, I promise I will punish you severely."
+
+Celestinus, during the absence of his master, applied himself diligently
+to study, but he was unable to do his task. This much troubled him; and
+the devil, ever on the alert, met him in the likeness of a man, and
+said, "My son, what has made you so sorrowful?"
+
+_Celest._ "Never mind; it is no use telling you."
+
+_Devil._ "You know not that; tell me, and I will help you."
+
+
+_Celest._ "I am charged, under a heavy punishment, to make some verses
+about a scabby horse and two sheep, and I don't know how."
+
+_Devil._ "Young man, I am the devil in a human form, and the best poet
+going; care nothing about your master, but promise to serve me
+faithfully, and I will compose such delectable verses for you that they
+shall excel those of your pedagogue himself."
+
+Celestinus, tempted by this insidious proposal, gave his word to serve
+him faithfully if he fulfilled his engagement.
+
+The devil then produced the following verses:--
+
+  Bound by a thong, that passed along
+    A horse's mangy hide;
+  Two sheep there lay, as I you say,
+    One upon either side.
+
+  The steed uprose, and upward goes
+    Each sheep with dangling breech;
+  Borne by the horse's rapid course,
+    The miller's hut they reach.
+
+  Scattering the fire, with reckless ire,
+    The rafters caught the flame;
+  And bleating breed and scabby steed
+    Were roasted in the same.
+
+  Now had that wight, that miller hight,
+    Vouchsafed his house to keep;
+  Ere he returned, it had not burned,
+    Nor burned his horse and sheep.[8]
+
+The boy, made happy by the present, returned home.
+
+_Master._ "My child, have you stolen your verses, or made them?"
+
+_Celest._ "I made them, sir."
+
+He then read what we have given above; and the master, struck with the
+greatest astonishment at their uncommon beauty, exclaimed, "My dear boy,
+tell me if any one made these verses for you?"
+
+_Celest._ "No, sir; no one did."
+
+_Master._ "Unless you tell me the truth, I will flog you till the blood
+run."
+
+The lad, fearful of what might follow, declared all that occurred, and
+how he had bound himself to the devil. The preceptor, grieved at the
+communication, induced the youth to confess himself, and renounce this
+fearful confederacy. When this was done he became a holy man; and after
+a well-spent life, gave up his soul to God.
+
+
+
+
+XXVIII.--BRED IN THE BONE.
+
+
+There reigned some time in Rome a wise and mighty emperor, named Anselm,
+who did bear in his arms a shield of silver with five red roses. This
+emperor had three sons, whom he loved much. He had also continual war
+with the king of Egypt, in which war he lost all his temporal goods
+except a precious tree. It fortuned after on a day that he gave
+battle to the same king of Egypt, wherein he was grievously wounded;
+nevertheless, he obtained the victory, notwithstanding he had his deadly
+wound. Wherefore, while he lay at point of death, he called unto his
+eldest son, and said: "My dear and well-beloved son, all my temporal
+riches are spent, and almost nothing is left me but a precious tree, the
+which stands in the midst of my empire. I give to thee all that is under
+the earth and above the earth of the same tree." "O my reverend
+father," quoth he, "I thank you much."
+
+Then said the emperor, "Call to me my second son." Anon the eldest son,
+greatly joying of his father's gift, called in his brother. And when he
+came, the emperor said, "My dear son, I may not make my testament,
+forasmuch as I have spent all my goods, except a tree which stands in
+the midst of mine empire, of the which tree, I bequeath to thee all that
+is great and small." Then answered he and said, "My reverend father, I
+thank you much."
+
+Then said the emperor, "Call to me my third son." And so it was done.
+And when he was come the emperor said, "My dear son, I must die of these
+wounds, and I have only a precious tree, of which I have given thy
+brethren their portion, and to thee I bequeath thy portion; for I will
+that thou have of the said tree all that is wet and dry." Then said his
+son, "Father, I thank you."
+
+Soon after the emperor had made his bequest, he died. And the eldest son
+took possession of the tree. Now when the second son heard this, he came
+to him, saying, "My brother, by what law or title occupy you this tree?"
+"Dear brother," quoth he, "I occupy it by this title: my father gave me
+all that is under the earth, and above of the said tree, by reason
+thereof the tree is mine." "Unknowing to thee," quoth the second brother,
+"he gave unto me all that is great and small of the said tree, and
+therefore I have as great right in the tree as you." This hearing, the
+third son he came to them and said, "My well-beloved brethren, it
+behoveth you not to strive for this tree, for I have as much right in
+the tree as ye, for by the law ye wot that the last will and testament
+ought to stand, for of truth he gave me of the said tree all that is wet
+and dry, and therefore the tree by right is mine; but forasmuch as your
+words are of great force and mine also, my counsel is that we be judged
+by reason, for it is not good nor commendable that strife or dissension
+should be among us. Here beside dwelleth a king full of reason; therefore,
+to avoid strife, let us go to him, and each of us lay his right before
+him, and as he shall judge, let us stand to his judgment." Then said his
+brethren, "Thy counsel is good." Wherefore they went all three unto the
+king of reason, and each of them severally showeth forth his right unto
+him, as it is said before.
+
+When the king had heard the titles, he rehearsed them all again
+severally, first saying to the eldest son thus: "You say," quoth the
+king, "that your father gave you all that is under the earth and above
+the earth of the said tree. And to the second brother he bequeathed all
+that is great and small of that tree. And to the third brother he gave
+all that is wet and dry."
+
+And with that he laid the law to them, and said that this will ought to
+stand.
+
+"Now, my dear friends, briefly I shall satisfy all your requests;" and
+when he had thus said, he turned him unto the eldest brother, saying,
+"My dear friend, if you list to abide the judgment of right, it behoveth
+you to be letten blood of the right arm." "My lord," quoth he, "your
+will shall be done." Then the king called for a discreet physician,
+commanding him to let him blood.
+
+When the eldest son was letten blood, the king said unto them all three,
+"My dear friends, where is your father buried?" Then answered they, and
+said, "Forsooth, my lord, in such a place." Anon the king commanded to
+dig in the ground for the body, and to take a bone out of his breast,
+and to bury the body again: and so it was done. And when the bone was
+taken out, the king commanded that it should be laid in the blood of the
+elder brother, and it should lie till it had received kindly the blood,
+and then to be laid in the sun and dried, and after that it should
+be washed with clear water. His servants fulfilled all that he had
+commanded: and when they began to wash, the blood vanished clean away;
+when the king saw this, he said to the second son, "It behoveth that
+thou be letten blood, as thy brother was." Then said he, "My lord's will
+shall be fulfilled," and anon he was done unto like as his brother was
+in all things, and when they began to wash the bone, the blood vanished
+away. Then said the king to the third son, "It behoveth thee to be
+letten blood likewise." He answered and said, "My lord, it pleaseth me
+well so to be." When the youngest brother was letten blood, and done
+unto in all things as the two brethren were before, then the king's
+servants began to wash the bone, but neither for washing nor rubbing
+might they do away the blood of the bone, but it ever appeared bloody:
+when the king saw this, he said, "It appeareth openly now that this
+blood is of the nature of the bone, thou art his true son, and the other
+two are bastards. I judge thee the tree for evermore."
+
+
+
+
+XXIX.--FULGENTIUS.
+
+
+In Rome some time dwelt a mighty emperor named Martin, which for entire
+affection kept with him his brother's son, whom men called Fulgentius.
+With this Martin dwelt also a knight that was steward of the empire, and
+uncle unto the emperor, which envied this Fulgentius, studying day and
+night how he might bring the emperor and this youth at debate. Wherefore
+the steward on a day went to the emperor, and said, "My lord," quoth he,
+"I that am your true servant, am bound in duty to warn your highness, if
+I hear anything that toucheth your honour, wherefore I have such things
+that I must needs utter it in secret to your majesty between us two."
+Then said the emperor, "Good friend, say on what thee list."
+
+"My most dear lord," quoth the steward, "Fulgentius, your cousin and
+your nigh kinsman, hath defamed you wonderfully and shamefully throughout
+all your whole empire, saying that your breath stinketh, and that it is
+death to him to serve your cup." Then the emperor was grievously
+displeased, and almost beside himself for anger, and said unto him thus:
+"I pray thee, good friend, tell me the very truth, if that my breath
+stinketh as he saith?" "My lord," quoth the steward, "ye may believe
+me, I never perceived a sweeter breath in my days than yours is."
+"Then," said the emperor, "I pray thee, good friend, tell me how I may
+bring this thing to good proof."
+
+The steward answered and said: "My lord," quoth he, "ye shall right well
+understand the truth; for to-morrow next when he serveth you of your cup,
+ye shall see that he will turn away his face from you, because of your
+breath, and this is the most certain proof that may be had of this
+thing." "Verily," quoth the emperor, "a truer proof cannot be had of
+this thing." Therefore anon, when the steward heard this, he went
+straight to Fulgentius, and took him aside, saying thus: "Dear friend,
+thou art near kinsman and also nephew unto my lord the emperor, therefore
+if thou wilt be thankful unto me, I will tell thee of a fault whereof my
+lord the emperor complaineth oft, and thinks to put thee from him,
+except it be the sooner amended, and that will be a great reproof to
+thee." Then said this Fulgentius: "Ah, good sir, for his love that died
+upon the cross, tell me why my lord is so sore moved with me, for I am
+ready to amend my fault in all that I can or may, and for to be ruled by
+your discreet counsel."
+
+"Thy breath," quoth the steward, "stinketh so sore, that his drink doth
+him no good, so grievous unto him is the stinking breath of thy mouth."
+Then said Fulgentius unto the steward: "Truly; that perceived I never
+till now. But what think ye of my breath? I pray you tell me the very
+truth." "Truly," quoth the steward, "it stinketh greatly and foul." And
+this Fulgentius believed all that he had said, and was right sorrowful
+in his mind, and prayed the steward of his counsel and help in this
+woeful case. Then said the steward unto him, "If that thou wilt do my
+counsel, I shall bring this matter to a good conclusion; wherefore do as
+I shall tell thee.
+
+"I counsel thee for the best, and also warn thee that when thou servest
+my lord the emperor of his cup, that thou turn thy face away from him,
+so that he may not smell thy stinking breath, until the time that thou
+hast provided thee of some remedy therefore."
+
+Then was Fulgentius right glad, and sware to him that he would do by his
+counsel.
+
+Not long after it befell that this young man Fulgentius served his lord
+as he was wont to do, and therewith suddenly he turned his face from the
+lord the emperor, as the steward had taught him.
+
+And when the emperor perceived the avoiding of his head, he smote this
+young Fulgentius on the breast with his foot, and said to him thus: "O
+thou lewd varlet; now I see well it is true that I have heard of thee,
+and therefore go thou anon out of my sight, that I may see thee no more
+in this place." And with that this young Fulgentius wept full sore, and
+avoided the place, and went out of his sight.
+
+And when this was done, the emperor called unto him his steward, and
+said, "How may I rid this varlet from the world, that thus hath defamed
+me?" "My most dear lord," quoth the steward, "right well you shall have
+your intent.
+
+"For here beside, within these three miles, ye have brickmakers, which
+daily make great fire, for to burn brick, and also they make lime;
+therefore, my lord, send to them this night, charge them upon pain of
+death, that whosoever cometh to them first in the morning, saying to
+them thus, 'My lord commandeth them to fulfil his will,' that they take
+him and cast him into the furnace and burn him: and this night command
+you this Fulgentius, that he go early in the morning to your workmen,
+and that he ask them whether they have fulfilled your will which they
+were commanded or not; and then shall they, according to your
+commandment, cast him into the fire, and thus shall he die an evil
+death."
+
+"Surely," quoth the emperor, "thy counsel is good; therefore call to me
+that varlet Fulgentius." And when the young man was come to the
+emperor's presence, he said to him thus: "I charge thee upon pain of
+death, that thou rise early in the morning, and go to the burners of
+lime and brick, and that thou be with them early before the sun rise,
+three miles from this house, and charge them in my behalf, that they
+fulfil my commandment, or else they shall die a most shameful death."
+
+Then spake this Fulgentius: "My lord, if God send me my life, I shall
+fulfil your will, were it that I go to the world's end."
+
+When Fulgentius had this charge, he could not sleep for thought, that he
+must rise early to fulfil his lord's commandment. The emperor about
+midnight sent a messenger on horseback unto his brickmakers, commanding,
+that upon pain of death, that whosoever came to them first in the
+morning, saying unto them (as is before rehearsed) they should take him
+and bind him, and cast him into the fire, and burn him to the bare
+bones.
+
+The brickmakers answered and said, it should be done. Then the messenger
+returns home again, and told the emperor that his commandment should be
+diligently fulfilled.
+
+Early in the morning following, Fulgentius arose and prepared him
+towards his way, and as he went, he heard a bell ring to service,
+wherefore he went to hear service, and after the end of service he fell
+asleep, and there slept a long while so soundly, that the priest, nor
+none other, might awake him.
+
+The steward desiring inwardly to hear of his death, about two of the
+clock he went to the workmen, and said unto them thus: "Sirs," quoth he,
+"have ye done the emperor's commandment or not?"
+
+The brickmakers answered him and said: "No, truly, we have not yet done
+his commandment, but it shall be done," and with that they laid hands on
+him. Then cried the steward, and said, "Good sirs, save my life, for the
+emperor commanded that Fulgentius should be put to death." Then said
+they, "The messenger told us not so, but he bade us, that whosoever came
+first in the morning, saying, as you have said, that we should take him,
+and cast him into the furnace, and burn him to ashes." And with that
+they threw him into the fire.
+
+And when he was burnt, Fulgentius came to them and said, "Good sirs,
+have you done my lord's commandment?" "Yea, soothly," said they, "and
+therefore go ye again to the emperor, and tell him so." Then said
+Fulgentius, "For Christ's love, tell me that commandment?"
+
+"We had in commandment," said they, "upon pain of death, that whosoever
+came to us first in the morning, and said like as thou hast said, that
+we should take him and cast him into the furnace. But before thee came
+the steward and therefore on him have we fulfilled the emperor's
+commandment; now he is burnt to the bare bones."
+
+When Fulgentius heard this, he thanked God that he had so preserved him
+from death; therefore he took his leave of the workmen, and went again
+to the palace.
+
+When the emperor saw him, he was almost distract of his wits for anger,
+and thus he said, "Hast thou been with the brickmakers, and fulfilled my
+commandment?" "Soothly, my gracious lord, I have been there, but ere I
+am there, your commandment was fulfilled." "How may that be true," quoth
+the emperor.
+
+"Forsooth," said Fulgentius, "the steward came to them afore me, and
+said that I should have said, so they took him and threw him into the
+furnace; and if I had come any earlier, so would they have done to me,
+and therefore I thank God that he hath preserved me from death."
+
+Then said the emperor, "Tell me the truth of such questions as I shall
+demand of thee." Then said Fulgentius to the emperor, "You never found
+me in any falsehood, and therefore I greatly wonder why ye have ordained
+such a death for me; for well ye know that I am your own brother's son."
+Then said the emperor to Fulgentius: "It is no wonder, for that death I
+ordained for thee, through counsel of the steward, because thou didst
+defame me throughout all my empire, saying, that my breath did stink so
+grievously, that it was death to thee, and in token thereof thou
+turnedst away thy face when thou servedst me of my cup, and that I saw
+with mine eyes; and for this cause I ordained for thee such a death; and
+yet thou shalt die, except I hear a better excuse."
+
+Then answered Fulgentius, and said, "Ah, dear lord, if it might please
+your highness for to hear me, I shall show you a subtle and deceitful
+imagination." "Say on," quoth the emperor.
+
+"The steward," quoth Fulgentius, "that is now dead, came to me and said,
+that ye told unto him that my breath did stink, and thereupon he
+counselled me, that when I served you of your cup, I should turn my face
+away; I take God to witness, I lie not."
+
+When the emperor heard this, he believed him, and said, "O my nephew,
+now I see, through the right wise judgment of God, the steward is burnt,
+and his own wickedness and envy is fallen on himself, for he ordained
+this malice against thee, and therefore thou art much bound to Almighty
+God that hath preserved thee from death."
+
+
+
+
+XXX.--VENGEANCE DEFERRED.
+
+
+A law was made at Rome, that no man should marry for beauty, but for
+riches only; and that no woman should be united to a poor man, unless he
+should by some means acquire wealth equal to her own. A certain poor
+knight solicited the hand of a rich lady, but she reminded him of the
+law, and desired him to use the best means of complying with it, in
+order to effect their union. He departed in great sorrow; and after much
+inquiry, was informed of a rich duke, who had been blind from the day of
+his birth. Him he resolved to murder, and obtain his wealth; but found
+that he was protected in the daytime by several armed domestics, and at
+night by the vigilance of a faithful dog. He contrived, however, to kill
+the dog with an arrow, and immediately afterwards the master; with whose
+money he returned to the lady. He informed her that he had accomplished
+his purpose; and being asked how this had been done in so short a space
+of time, he told all that had happened.
+
+The lady desired, before the marriage should take place, that he would
+go to the spot where the duke was buried, lay himself on his tomb,
+listen to what he might hear, and then report it to her. The knight
+armed himself, and went accordingly. In the middle of the night he heard
+a voice saying, "O duke, that liest here, what askest thou that I can do
+for thee?" The answer was, "O Jesus, thou upright judge, all that I
+require is vengeance for my blood unjustly spilt." The voice rejoined,
+"Thirty years from this time thy wish shall be fulfilled." The knight,
+extremely terrified, returned with the news to the lady. She reflected
+that thirty years were a long time, and resolved on the marriage. During
+the whole thirty years the parties remained in perfect happiness.
+
+When the thirty years were nearly passed, the knight built a strong
+castle, and over one of the gates, in a conspicuous place, caused the
+following verses to be written--
+
+  "In my distress, religious aid I sought:
+  But my distress relieved, I held it nought.
+  The wolf was sick, a lamb he seemed to be;
+  But health restored, a wolf again was he."
+
+Interrogated as to the meaning of these enigmatical lines, the knight at
+once explained them, by relating his own story, and added, that in eight
+days time the thirty years would expire.
+
+He invited all his friends to a feast at that date, and when the day was
+arrived, the guests placed at table, and the minstrels attuning their
+instruments of music, a beautiful bird flew in at the window, and began
+to sing with uncommon sweetness. The knight listened attentively and
+said, "I fear this bird prognosticates misfortune." He then took his
+bow, and shot an arrow into it, in presence of all the company.
+Instantly the castle divided into two parts, and, with the knight, his
+wife, and all who were in it, was precipitated to the lowest depth of
+the infernal regions. The story adds, that on the spot where the castle
+stood, there is now a spacious lake, on which no substance whatever
+floats, but is immediately plunged to the bottom.
+
+
+
+
+A DISCOURSE
+OF THE
+MOST FAMOUS DR. JOHN FAUSTUS,
+OF WITTENBURG, IN GERMANY.
+CONJURER AND NECROMANCER;
+
+
+_WHEREIN IS DECLARED MANY STRANGE THINGS
+THAT HIMSELF HAD SEEN AND DONE IN
+THE EARTH AND AIR, WITH HIS
+BRINGING UP, HIS TRAVELS, STUDIES, AND LAST END._
+
+
+
+
+THE FAMOUS HISTORY
+OF
+DOCTOR FAUSTUS.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+_Of his Parentage and Birth._
+
+
+John Faustus, born in the town of Rhodes, being in the province of
+Weimar, in Germany, his father a poor husbandman, and not able well to
+bring him up, yet having an uncle at Wittenburg, a rich man, and without
+issue, took this Faustus from his father, and made him his heir,
+insomuch that his father was no more troubled with him, for he remained
+with his uncle at Wittenburg, where he was kept at the university in the
+same city, to study Divinity; but Faustus being of a naughty mind, and
+otherwise addicted, plyed not his studies, but betook himself to other
+exercises, which his uncle oftentimes hearing, rebuked him for it; as
+Eli oftentimes rebuked his children for sinning against the Lord, even
+so this good old man laboured to have Faustus apply his study to
+Divinity, that he might come to the knowledge of God and his law. But it
+is manifest that many virtuous parents have wicked children, as Cain,
+Reuben, Absolom, and such like, have been to their parents. So Faustus
+having godly parents, who seeing him to be of a toward wit, were
+desirous to bring him up in those virtuous studies, namely, of Divinity;
+but he gave himself secretly to necromancy, and conjuration, insomuch
+that few or none could perceive his profession.
+
+But to the purpose, Faustus continued at study in the university, and
+was by the rectors, and sixteen masters afterwards, examined how he had
+profited in his studies, and being found by them, that none of his time
+were able to argue with him in divinity, or for the excellency of his
+wisdom to compare with him, with one consent they made him Doctor of
+Divinity. But Doctor Faustus, within short time after he had obtained
+his degree, fell into such fantasies, and deep cogitations, that he was
+mocked of many, and of the most part of the students was called the
+Speculator, and sometimes he would throw the Scriptures from him, as
+though he had no care of his former profession, so that he began a most
+ungodly life, as hereafter more at large may appear, for the old proverb
+saith, "Who can hold what will away?" So, who can hold Faustus from the
+devil, that seeks after him with all his endeavours; for he accompanied
+himself with divers that were seen in those devilish arts, and that had
+the Chaldean, Persian, Hebrew, Arabian, and Greek tongues, using
+figures, characters, conjurations, incantations, with many other
+ceremonies belonging to those infernal arts, as necromancy, charms,
+soothsaying, witchcraft, enchantment, being delighted with their books,
+words, and names so well, that he studied day and night therein,
+insomuch that he could not abide to be called Doctor of Divinity,
+but waxed a worldly man, and named himself an astrologian, and a
+mathematician, and for a shadow sometimes a physician, and did great
+cures, namely with herbs, roots, waters, drinks, receipts and glysters;
+and without doubt he was passing wise and excellent perfect in Holy
+Scripture. But he that knoweth his master's will, and doth it not, is
+worthy to be beaten with many stripes. It is written, "No man can serve
+two masters, and thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God." But Faustus
+threw all this in the wind, and made his soul of no estimation,
+regarding more his worldly pleasures than the joys to come; therefore at
+the day of judgment, there is no hope of his redemption.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+_How Doctor Faustus began to practise his devilish Art, and how he
+conjured the Devil, making him to appear, and meet him on the
+morrow-morning at his own House._
+
+
+You have heard before that all Faustus's mind was to study the arts of
+necromancy and conjuration, the which exercise he followed day and
+night, and taking to him the wings of an eagle thought to fly over the
+whole world, and to know the secrets of heaven and earth, for his
+speculation was so wonderful, being expert in using his vocabula,
+figures, characters, conjuration, and other ceremonial actions, that in
+all haste he put in practice to bring the devil before him, and taking
+his way to a thick wood near to Wittenburg, called in the German tongue,
+Spisser Holt, that is in English, the Spisser's Wood, as Faustus would
+oftentimes boast of it among the crew, being in jollity, he came into
+the wood one evening into the cross-way, where he made with a wand a
+circle in the dust, and within that many more circles and characters;
+and thus he past away the time until it was nine or ten of the clock in
+the night, then began Dr. Faustus to call on Mephistophiles the Spirit,
+and to charge him in the name of Belzebub, to appear there presently,
+without any long stay.
+
+Then presently the devil began so great a rumour in the wood, as if
+heaven and earth would have come together, with wind, and the trees
+bowed their tops to the ground, then fell the devil to roar, as if the
+whole wood had been full of lions, and suddenly about the circle run
+the devil, as if a thousand waggons had been running together on
+paved-stones. After this, at the four corners of the wood it thundered
+horribly, with such lightning, as the whole world to his seeming had
+been on fire. Faustus all this while, half amazed at the devil's so long
+tarrying, and doubting whether he were best to abide any more such
+horrible conjurings, thought to leave his circle, and depart, whereupon
+the devil made him such music of all sorts, as if the nymphs themselves
+had been in place: whereat Faustus revived, and stood stoutly in his
+circle, expecting his purpose, and began again to conjure the spirit
+Mephistophiles in the name of the Prince of Devils, to appear in his
+likeness: whereat suddenly, over his head hung hovering in the air a
+mighty dragon; then calls Faustus again after his devilish manner, at
+which there was a monstrous cry in the wood, as if hell had been open,
+and all the tormented souls cursing their condition.
+
+Presently, not three fathoms above his head, fell a flame in manner of
+lightning, and changed itself into a globe; yet Faustus feared it not,
+but did persuade himself that the devil should give him his request
+before he would leave. Oftentimes after to his companions he would boast
+that he had the stoutest head under the cope of heaven at command.
+Whereat they answered, They knew no stouter than the Pope or Emperor.
+But Dr. Faustus said, "The head that is my servant, is above all upon
+earth;" and repeated certain words out of St. Paul to the Ephesians, to
+make his argument good, "The Prince of the World is upon earth and under
+heaven." Well, let us come again to his conjuration, where we left him
+at the fiery globe; Faustus, vexed at his spirit's so long tarrying,
+used his charms, with full purpose not to depart before he had his
+intent; and crying on Mephistophiles the spirit, suddenly the globe
+opened, and sprung up in the height of a man, so burning a time, in the
+end it converted to the shape of a fiery man. This pleasant beast ran
+about the circle a great while, and lastly appeared in the manner of a
+Gray Friar, asking Faustus what was his request.
+
+Faustus commanded, that the next morning at twelve of the clock, he
+should appear to him at his house; but the devil would in no wise grant
+it. Faustus began to conjure him again, in the name of Belzebub, that he
+should fulfil his request; whereupon the spirit agreed, and so they
+departed each on his way.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+_The Conference of Doctor Faustus, with his Spirit Mephistophiles, the
+Morning following at his own House._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus, having commanded the spirit to be with him, at his hour
+appointed, he came and appeared in his chamber, demanding of Faustus
+what his desire was. Then began Dr. Faustus anew with him, to conjure
+him, That he would be obedient unto him, and to answer him certain
+articles, to fulfil them in all points:
+
+  1. That the spirit would serve him, and be obedient unto him in
+  all things that he asked of him, from that hour until the hour of
+  his death.
+
+  2. Further, anything that he desired of him, he should bring him.
+
+  3. Also that in all Faustus's demands and interrogations, the
+  spirit should tell him nothing but that which was true.
+
+Hereupon the spirit answered, and laid his case forth, that he had no
+such power of himself until he had first given his prince (that was
+ruler over him) to understand thereof, and to know if he could obtain so
+much of his lord: "Therefore speak farther, that I may do thy whole
+desire to my prince; for it is not in my power to fulfil without his
+leave."
+
+"Show me the cause why?" said Faustus.
+
+The spirit answered Faustus: "Thou shalt understand, that with us it is
+even as well a kingdom as with you on earth; yea, we have our rulers and
+servants, as I myself am one; and we have our whole number the legion,
+for although that Lucifer is thrust and fallen out of heaven, through
+his pride and high mind, yet he hath notwithstanding a legion of devils
+at his command, that we call the Oriental Princes, for his power is
+infinite; also there is a power in meridie, in septentrio, in occidente,
+and for that Lucifer hath his kingdom under heaven; we must change and
+give ourselves to men, to serve them at their pleasure. It is also
+certain, we have not as yet opened to any man the truth of our dwelling,
+neither of our ruling, neither what our power is; neither have we given
+any man any gift, or learned him anything, except he promise to be
+ours."
+
+Dr. Faustus upon this arose where he sat, and said, "I will have my
+request, and yet I will not be damned."
+
+The spirit answered: "Then shalt thou want thy desire, and yet art thou
+mine notwithstanding; if any men would detain thee, it is but in vain,
+for thy infidelity hath confounded thee."
+
+Hereupon spake Faustus: "Get thee hence from me, and take St. Valentine's
+farewell, and Crisman with thee; yet I conjure thee, that thou be here
+at evening, and bethink thyself of what I have asked thee; ask thy
+prince's counsel therein."
+
+Mephistophiles the spirit, thus answered, vanished away, leaving Faustus
+in his study, where he sat pondering with himself how he might obtain
+his request of the devil, without the loss of his soul; yet he was fully
+resolved in himself, rather than to want his pleasure, to do what the
+spirit and his lord should condition upon.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+_The second Time of the Spirit's appearing to Faustus at his House, and
+their Parley._
+
+
+Faustus continued in his devilish cogitations, never moving out of the
+place where the spirit left him, such was his fervent love to the devil;
+the night approaching, this swift-flying spirit appeared to Faustus,
+offering himself with all submission to his service, with full authority
+from his prince, to do whatsoever he would request; if so be Faustus
+would promise to be his. "This answer I bring thee, an answer must thou
+make by me again: yet I will hear what is thy desire, because thou hast
+sworn to me to be here at this time."
+
+Dr. Faustus gave him this answer, though faintly for his soul's sake,
+that his request was none other, but to become a devil, or at least a
+limb of him, and that the spirit should agree to these articles
+following:
+
+  1. That he might be a spirit in shape and quality.
+
+  2. That Mephistophiles should be his servant at his command.
+
+  3. That Mephistophiles should bring him anything, and do for him
+     whatsoever he desired.
+
+  4. That all times he would be in the house invisible to all men,
+     except only to himself, and at his command to show himself.
+
+  5. That Mephistophiles should at all times appear at his command,
+     in what form or shape soever he would.
+
+Upon these points the spirit answered Dr. Faustus. That all this should
+be granted him, and fulfilled, and more if he would agree unto him upon
+certain articles as followeth:
+
+  1. That Dr. Faustus should give himself to the lord Lucifer, body
+     and soul.
+
+  2. For confirmation of the same, he should make him a writing
+     written in his own blood.
+
+  3. That he would be an enemy to all Christian people.
+
+  4. That he would deny the Christian belief.
+
+  5. That he let not any man change his opinion, if so be any man
+     should go about to dissuade or withdraw him from it.
+
+Farther the spirit promised Faustus to give him certain years to live
+in health and pleasure, and when such years were expired, that then
+Faustus would be fetched away; and if he would hold these articles and
+conditions, that then he should have whatsoever his heart would wish or
+desire; and that Faustus should quickly perceive himself to be a spirit
+in all manner of actions whatsoever. Hereupon Dr. Faustus's mind was
+inflamed, that he forgot his soul, and promises Mephistophiles to hold
+all things as he mentioned them: he thought the devil was not so black
+as they used to paint him, nor hell so hot as the people say.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+_The third Parley between Dr. Faustus and Mephistophiles about a
+Conclusion._
+
+
+After Dr. Faustus had made his promise to the devil, in the morning
+betimes he called the spirit before him, and commanded him, that he
+should always come to him like a friar, after the order of St. Francis,
+with a bell in his hand like St. Anthony, and to ring it once or twice
+before he appeared, that he might know of his certain coming: then
+Faustus demanded of his spirit what was his name?
+
+The spirit answered, "My name is as thou sayest, Mephistophiles, and I
+am a prince, but a servant to Lucifer, and all the circuit from
+septentrio to the meridian, I rule under him."
+
+Even at these words was this wicked wretch Faustus inflamed, to hear
+himself to have gotten so great a potentate to serve him, forgetting the
+Lord his Maker, and Christ his Redeemer, he became an enemy to all
+mankind; yea, worse than the giants, whom the poets said to climb the
+hills to make war with the gods, not unlike the enemy of God and Christ,
+that for his pride was cast into hell; so likewise Faustus forgot, that
+high climbers catch the greatest falls, and sweet meats have oft sourest
+sauce.
+
+After a while Faustus promised Mephistophiles to write and make his
+obligation with all assurance of the articles in the chapter before
+rehearsed: a pitiful case, Christian reader, for certainly this letter
+or obligation was found in his house, after his most lamentable end,
+with all the rest of his damnable practices used in his whole life.
+
+Wherefore I wish all Christians to take example by this wicked doctor,
+and to be comforted in Christ, concerning themselves with that vocation
+whereunto it has pleased God to call them, and not so esteem the vain
+delights of this life as did this unhappy Faustus in giving his soul to
+the devil: and to confirm it the more assuredly, he took a small
+penknife, and pricked a vein in his left hand, and for certainty
+thereupon were seen on his hand these words written, as if they had been
+written in his own blood, O HOMO FUGE; whereat the spirit vanished, but
+Faustus continued in his damnable mind.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus set his Blood in a Saucer on warm Ashes, and writ as
+followeth:_
+
+
+    I, John Faustus, _doctor, do openly acknowledge with mine own
+    hand, to the great force and strengthening of this letter, that
+    since I began to study, and speculate the course and nature of the
+    elements, I have not found, through the gift that is given me from
+    above, any such learning and wisdom that can bring me to my desire
+    and for that I find that men are unable to instruct me any farther
+    in the matter; now have I, Dr. Faustus, to the hellish prince of
+    Orient, and his messenger Mephistophiles, given both body and
+    soul, upon such conditions, that they shall learn me, and fulfil
+    my desires in all things, as they have promised and vowed unto me,
+    with due obedience unto me, according to the articles mentioned
+    between us._
+
+    Farther, I do covenant and grant _with them by these presents,
+    that at the end of twenty-four years next ensuing, the date of
+    this present letter, they being expired, and I in the mean time,
+    during the said years, be served of them at my will, they
+    accomplishing my desires to the full in all points as we are
+    agreed: that then I give to them all power to do with me at their
+    pleasure, to rule, to send, fetch or carry me or mine, be it
+    either body, soul, flesh, blood or goods, into their habitation,
+    be it wheresoever: and hereupon I defy God and his Christ, all the
+    Host of Heaven, and all living creatures that bear the shape of
+    God; yea, all that live: And again I say it, and it shall be so,
+    and to the more strengthening of this writing, I have written it
+    with my own hand and blood, being in perfect memory: and hereupon
+    I subscribe to it with my name and title, calling all the
+    infernal, middle, and supreme powers to witness of this my letter
+    and subscription._
+
+    John Faustus.
+
+    _Approved in the elements, and the spiritual doctor._
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+_How Mephistophiles came for his Writing, and in what manner he
+appeared, and his Sights he showed him; and how he caused him to
+keep a Copy of his own Writing._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus sitting pensive, having but one only boy with him, suddenly
+there appeared his spirit Mephistophiles in likeness of a very man, from
+whom issued most horrible fiery flames, insomuch that the boy was
+afraid, but being hardened by his master, he bid him stand still, and he
+should have no harm: this spirit began to bleat as in a singing manner.
+This pretty sport pleased Dr. Faustus well; but he would not call his
+spirit into his counting-house until he had seen more. Anon was heard a
+rushing of armed men, and trampling of horses; this ceasing, came a
+kennel of hounds, and they chased a great hart in the hall, and there
+the hart was slain. Faustus took heart, came forth and looked upon the
+hart, but presently before him there was a lion and a dragon together,
+fighting so fiercely, that Faustus thought they would have thrown down
+the house; but the dragon overcame the lion, and so they vanished. After
+this came in a peacock and peahen; the cock, bruising of his tail,
+turning to the female, beat her, and so vanished. Afterward followed a
+furious bull, that with a full fierceness ran upon Faustus, but coming
+near him vanished away. Afterward followed a great old ape; this ape
+offered Faustus the hand, but he refused; so the ape ran out of the hall
+again. Hereupon fell a mist in the hall, that Faustus saw no light, but
+it lasted not; and so soon as it was gone, there lay before Faustus two
+great sacks, one full of gold, another of silver.
+
+Lastly, was heard by Faustus all manner of instruments of music, as
+organs, clarigolds, lutes, viols, citterns, waits, hornpipes, flutes,
+anomes, harps, and all manner of other instruments, which so ravished
+his mind, that he thought he had been in another world, forgot both body
+and soul, insomuch that he was minded never to change his opinion
+concerning that which he had done.
+
+Hereat came Mephistophiles into the hall to Faustus, in apparel like
+unto a friar, to whom Faustus spake: "Thou hast done me a wonderful
+pleasure in showing me this pastime; if thou continue as thou hast
+begun, thou shalt win my heart and soul, yea, and have it."
+
+Mephistophiles answered: "This is nothing; I will please thee better;
+yea, that thou mayst know my power on all, ask what request thou wilt of
+me, that shalt thou have, conditionally hold thy promise, and give me
+thy handwriting." At which words the wretch thrust forth his hand,
+saying, "Hold thee, there hast thou my promise."
+
+Mephistophiles took the writing and willed Faustus to take a copy of it.
+With that the perverse Faustus being resolute in his damnation, wrote a
+copy thereof, and gave the devil the one, and kept in store the other.
+Thus the spirit and Faustus were agreed, and dwelt together; no doubt
+there was a virtuous house-keeping.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+_The manner how Faustus proceeded in this damnable Life, and of
+the diligent Service that Mephistophiles used towards him._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus having given his soul to the devil, renouncing all the
+powers of heaven, confirming all his lamentable action with his own
+blood, and having already delivered his writing now into the devil's
+hand, the which so puffed up his heart, that he forgot the mind of a
+man, and thought himself to be a spirit.
+
+Thus Faustus dwelt at his uncle's house at Wittenburg, who died, and
+bequeathed it in his testament to his cousin Faustus.
+
+Faustus kept a boy with him, that was his scholar, an unhappy wag,
+called Christopher Wagner, to whom this sport and life that he saw his
+master followed, seemed pleasant. Faustus loved the boy well, hoping to
+make him as good or better seen in his hellish exercises than himself,
+and he was fellow with Mephistophiles. Otherwise Faustus had no company
+in his house but himself and boy, and spirit that ever was diligent at
+Faustus's command, going about the house, clothed like a friar, with a
+little bell in his hand, seen of none but Faustus.
+
+For victuals and other necessaries, Mephistophiles brought him at his
+pleasure from the Duke of Saxony, the Duke of Bavaria, and the Bishop of
+Salisburg; and they had many times their best wine stolen out of their
+cellars by Mephistophiles, likewise their provisions for their own
+table. Such meat as Faustus wished for, his spirit brought him in.
+Besides that, Faustus himself was become so cunning, that when he opened
+his window, what fowl soever he wished for, it came presently flying
+into the house, were it never so dainty. Moreover, Faustus and his boy
+went in sumptuous apparel, the which Mephistophiles stole from the
+mercers at Norenburg, Aspurg, Franckford, and Tipzig; for it was hard
+for them to find a lock to keep out such a thief. All their maintenance
+was but stolen and borrowed ware; and thus they lived an odious life in
+the sight of God, though as yet the world were unacquainted with their
+wickedness. It must be so, for their fruits be none other, as Christ
+saith in John, where he calls the devil a thief and murderer; and that
+found Faustus, for he stole him away both body and soul.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus would have married, and how the Devil had almost killed
+him for it._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus continued thus in this epicurish life day and night,
+believed not that there was a God, hell, or devil: he thought that
+soul and body died together, and had quite forgot divinity, or the
+immortality of the soul, but stood in that damnable heresy day and
+night, and bethinking himself of a wife, called Mephistophiles to
+council: which would in no case agree, demanding of him if he would
+break the covenant made with him, or if he had forgot it. "Hast thou,"
+quoth Mephistophiles, "sworn thyself an enemy to God and to all
+creatures? To this I answer thee, Thou canst not marry, thou canst not
+serve two masters, God and my prince; for wedlock is a chief institution
+ordained of God, and that thou hast promised to defy as we do all, and
+that hast thou not only done, but moreover thou hast confirmed it with
+thy blood, persuade thyself that what thou dost in contempt of wedlock,
+it is all to thy own delight. Therefore, Faustus, look well about thee,
+and bethink thyself better, and I wish thee to change thy mind, for if
+thou keep not what thou hast promised in thy writing, we will tear thee
+in pieces like the dust under thy feet. Therefore, sweet Faustus, think
+with what unquiet life, anger, strife, and debate thou shalt live in
+when thou takest a wife. Therefore change thy mind."
+
+Dr. Faustus was with these speeches in despair; and as all that have
+forsaken the Lord can build upon no good foundation, so this wretched
+doctor having forsook the rock, fell into despair with himself, fearing,
+if he should motion matrimony any more, that the devil should tear him
+in pieces. "For this time," quoth he to Mephistophiles, "I am not
+minded to marry." "Then dost thou well," answered his spirit.
+
+But within two hours after Faustus called again to his spirit, who came
+in his old manner like a friar. Then Faustus said unto him, "I am not
+able to resist or bridle my fancy; I must and will have a wife, and I
+pray thee give thy consent to it." Suddenly upon these words came such a
+whirlwind about the place that Faustus thought the whole house would
+have come down; all the doors of the house flew off the hooks. After all
+this his house was full of smoke, and the floor covered with ashes;
+which, when Dr. Faustus perceived, he would have gone upstairs, and
+flying up he was taken and thrown down into the hall, that he was not
+able to stir hand nor foot; then round about him ran a monstrous circle
+of fire, never standing still, that Faustus cried as he lay, and
+thought there to have been burned. Then cried he out to his spirit
+Mephistophiles for help, promising him he would live, for all this, as
+he had vowed by his handwriting. Hereupon appeared unto him an ugly
+devil, so dreadful and monstrous to behold, that Faustus durst not look
+on him. The devil said, "What wouldst thou have, Faustus? How likest
+thou thy wedding? What mind art thou in now?" Faustus answered, he had
+forgot his promise, desiring of him pardon, and he would talk no more of
+such things. "Thou art best so to do;" and so vanished from him.
+
+After appeared unto him his friar Mephistophiles, with a bell in his
+hand, and spake to Faustus: "It is no jesting with us; hold thou that
+which thou hast vowed, and we will perform that which we have promised;
+and more than that, thou shalt have thy heart's desire of what woman
+soever thou wilt, be she alive or dead, and so long as thou wilt thou
+shalt keep her by thee." These words pleased Faustus wonderful well, and
+repented himself that he was so foolish to wish himself married, that
+might have any woman in the whole city brought him at his command, the
+which he practised and persevered in a long time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+_Questions put forth by Dr. Faustus unto his Spirit Mephistophiles._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus living in all manner of pleasure that his heart could
+desire, continuing of his amorous drifts, his delicate fare, and costly
+apparel, called on a time his Mephistophiles to him, who being come,
+brought him a book in his hand of all manner of devilish and enchanting
+arts, the which he gave Faustus, saying, "Hold, my Faustus; work now thy
+heart's desire." The copy of this enchanting book was afterwards found
+by his servant Christopher Wagner. "Well," quoth Faustus to his spirit,
+"I have called thee to know what thou canst do if I have need of thy
+help."
+
+Then answered Mephistophiles, and said, "My lord Faustus, I am a flying
+spirit, yea, so swift as thought can think, to do whatsoever."
+
+Here Faustus said, "But how came lord and master Lucifer to have so
+great a fall from heaven?"
+
+Mephistophiles answered: "My lord Lucifer was a fair angel, created of
+God as immortal, and being placed in the Seraphims, which are above the
+Cherubims, he would have presumed upon the Throne of God, with intent to
+thrust God out of his seat; upon this presumption the Lord cast him down
+headlong, and where before he was an angel of light, now dwells in
+darkness, not able to come near his first place, without God send for
+him to appear before him; as Raphael, unto the lower degree of angels,
+that have their conversation with men, he may come, but not unto the
+second degree of the heavens, that is kept by the archangels, namely,
+Michael and Gabriel, for these are called Angels of God's wonders;
+these are far inferior places to that from whence my lord and master
+Lucifer fell; and thus far, Faustus, because thou art one of the beloved
+children of the lord Lucifer, following thy mind in manner as he did
+his, I have shortly resolved thy request, and more I will do for thee at
+thy pleasure."
+
+"I thank thee, Mephistophiles," quoth Faustus, "come, let us now go to
+rest, for it is night;" upon this they left their communication.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus dreamed that he had seen Hell in his Sleep, and how he
+questioned with the Spirit of matters concerning Hell, with the Spirit's
+answer._
+
+
+The night following after Faustus's communication with Mephistophiles,
+as concerning the fall of Lucifer, Dr. Faustus dreamed that he had
+seen a part of hell, but in what manner it was, or in what place, he
+knew not, whereby he was much troubled in mind, and called unto him
+Mephistophiles his spirit, saying unto him, "I pray thee resolve me in
+this doubt: What is hell? What substance is it of? In what place stands
+it? And when was it made?"
+
+Mephistophiles answered: "Faustus, thou shalt know, that before the fall
+of my lord Lucifer there was no hell, but even then was hell ordained.
+It is no substance, but a confused thing; for I tell thee, that before
+all elements were made, or the earth seen, the spirit of God moved upon
+the waters, and darkness was over all; but when God said, 'Let there be
+light,' it was at his word, and the light was on God's right hand, and
+he praised the light. Judge thou farther, God stood in the middle, the
+darkness was on his left hand, in the which my Lord was bound in chains
+until the day of judgment. In this confused hell is nought to find but a
+sulphurish fire, and stinking mist or fog. Farther, we devils know not
+what substance it is of, but a confused thing; for as the bubble of
+water flieth before the wind, so doth hell before the breath of God.
+Moreover, the devils know not how God hath laid the foundation of our
+hell, nor where it is; but to be short, Faustus, we know that hell hath
+neither bottom nor end."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+_The second Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit, what
+Kingdoms were in Hell, how many, and what were the Rulers' names._
+
+
+Faustus spake again to his spirit, saying, "Thou speakest of wonderful
+things: I pray thee now tell me what kingdoms are there in your hell?
+How many are there? What they are called? And who rules them?"
+
+The spirit answered him: "My Faustus, know that hell is, as thou wouldst
+think with thyself, another world, in the which we have our being under
+the earth, even to the heavens; within the circumference whereof are
+contained ten kingdoms, namely, 1. Lacus Mortis. 2. Stagnum Ignis.
+3. Terra Tenebrosa. 4. Tartarus. 5. Terra Oblivionis. 6. Gehenna.
+7. Erebus. 8. Barathrum. 9. Styx. 10. Acheron. The which kingdoms are
+governed by five kings, that is, Lucifer in the Orient, Belzebub in
+Septentrio, Belial in Meredie, Ascheroth in the Occident, and Phlegeton
+in the midst of them all; whose rules and dominions have no end until
+the day of doom; and thus far, Faustus, hast thou heard of our rule and
+kingdom."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+_Another Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit, concerning his
+Lord Lucifer, with the sorrow that Faustus fell afterwards into._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus began again to reason with Mephistophiles, requiring him to
+tell in what form and shape, and in what estimation his lord Lucifer
+was, when he was in favour with God.
+
+Whereupon his spirit required of him three days' respite, which Faustus
+granted.
+
+The three days being expired, Mephistophiles gave him this answer:
+"Faustus, my lord Lucifer (so called now for that he was banished out of
+the clear light of heaven) was at the first an angel of God, yea, he was
+so of God ordained for shape, pomp, authority, worthiness, and dwelling,
+that he far exceeded all the other creatures of God, yea, or gold and
+precious stones; and so illuminated that he far surpassed the brightness
+of the sun, and all other stars where God placed him on the cherubims;
+he had a kingly office, and was always before God's seat, to the end he
+might be the more perfect in all his being; but when he began to be
+high-minded, proud, and so presumptuous, that he would usurp the seat of
+God's Majesty, then was he banished out from amongst the heavenly
+powers, separated from their abiding, into the manner of a fiery stone,
+that no water is able to quench, but continually burneth until the end
+of the world."
+
+Dr. Faustus, when he had heard the words of his spirit, began to ponder
+with himself, having divers and sundry opinions in his head, and very
+pensively, saying nothing to his spirit, he went into his chamber and
+laid him on his bed, recording the words of Mephistophiles, which so
+pierced his heart that he fell into sighing and great lamentation,
+crying out, "Alas! Ah, woe is me! What have I done? Even so shall it
+come to pass with me: am I not also a creature of God's making, bearing
+his own image and similitude, into whom he hath breathed the spirit of
+life and immortality, unto whom he hath made all things living subject;
+but woe is me! My haughty mind, proud aspiring stomach, and filthy
+flesh, hath brought my soul into perpetual damnation, yea, pride hath
+abused my understanding, insomuch that I have forgot my Maker, the
+Spirit of God is departed from me; I have promised the devil my soul,
+and therefore it is but a folly for me to hope for grace, but it must be
+even with me as with Lucifer, thrown into perpetual burning fire: ah!
+woe is me that ever I was born."
+
+In this perplexity lay this miserable Dr. Faustus, having quite forgot
+his faith in Christ, never falling to repentance truly, thereby to
+attain the grace and holy Spirit of God again, the which would have been
+able to have resisted the strong assaults of Satan; for although he had
+made him a promise, yet he might have remembered, through true
+repentance sinners may once come again into the favour of God, which
+faith the faithful firmly hold, knowing they that kill the body are not
+able to hurt the soul; but he was in all his opinions doubtful, without
+faith or hope, and so he continued.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+_Another disputation betwixt Dr. Faustus and his Spirit, of the Power
+of the Devil, and his Envy to Mankind._
+
+
+After Faustus had a while pondered and sorrowed with himself on his
+wretched estate, he called again Mephistophiles unto him, commanding him
+to tell him the judgment, rule, power, attempts, tyranny, and temptation
+of the devil; and why he was moved to such kind of living?
+
+Whereupon the spirit answered to this question: "That thou demandest of
+me will turn thee to no small discontentment; therefore thou shouldst
+not have desired of me such matters, for it toucheth the secrets of our
+kingdom, although I cannot deny to resolve thy request: therefore know,
+Faustus, that so soon as my lord Lucifer fell from Heaven, he became
+mortal enemy both to God and man, and hath used, as now he doth, all
+manner of tyranny to the destruction of man, as is manifested by divers
+examples: one falling suddenly dead, another hangs himself, another
+drowns himself, others stab themselves, others unlawfully despair, and
+so come to utter confusion. The first Adam, that was made perfect to the
+similitude of God, was by my lord's policy the whole decay of man; yea,
+Faustus, in him was the beginning and first tyranny of my lord Lucifer
+to man. The like did he with Cain; the same with the children of Israel
+when they worshipped strange gods, and fell to whoredom with strange
+women; the like with Saul; so did he by the seven husbands of her that
+after was the wife of Tobias; likewise Dagon, our fellow, brought to
+destruction fifty thousand men, whereupon the ark of God was stolen, and
+Belial made David to number his men, whereupon were slain sixty
+thousand. Also he deceived King Solomon, that worshipped the gods of the
+heathen: and there are such spirits innumerable, that can come by men,
+and tempt them, and drive them to sin, and weaken their belief; for we
+rule the hearts of kings and princes, stirring them up to war and
+bloodshed, and to this intent do we spread ourselves through all the
+world, as the utter enemies of God and his Son Christ--yea, and all that
+worship them, and that thou knowest by thyself, Faustus. How have we
+dealt by thee?"
+
+To this said Faustus: "Then thou didst also beguile me?"
+
+"I did what I could to help thee forward, for as soon as I saw how thy
+heart did despise thy degree taken in divinity, and didst study to
+search and know the secrets of our kingdom, then did I enter into thee,
+giving thee divers foul and filthy cogitations, pricking thee forward in
+thy intent, persuading thee thou couldst never attain to thy desire till
+thou hadst the help of some devil; and when thou wast delighted in this,
+then took I root in thee, and so firmly, that thou gavest thyself to us
+both body and soul, which thou canst not deny."
+
+Hereat answered Faustus: "Thou sayest true; I cannot deny it. Ah, woe is
+me, most miserable Faustus! How have I been deceived! Had I not had a
+desire to know too much, I had not been in this case; for having studied
+the lives of the holy saints and prophets, and thereby thought to
+understand sufficient heavenly matters, I thought myself not worthy to
+be called Dr. Faustus if I should not also know the secrets of hell, and
+be associated with the furious fiends thereof; now, therefore, must I be
+rewarded accordingly."
+
+Which speeches being uttered, Faustus went very sorrowful away from his
+spirit.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus desired again of his Spirit, to know the Secrets and
+Pains of Hell; and whether those damned Devils, and their Company,
+might ever come to the Favour and Love of God again._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus was pondering with himself how he might get loose from so
+damnable an end as he had given himself unto, both soul and body; but
+his repenting was like that of Cain and Judas--he thought his sin
+greater than God could forgive; hereupon resting his mind, he looked up
+to heaven, but saw nothing therein, for his heart was so possessed of
+the devil that he could think of nought else but of hell and the pains
+thereof.
+
+Wherefore in all haste he called unto him his spirit Mephistophiles,
+desiring him to tell him some more of the secrets of hell; what pain the
+damned are in, and how they were tormented; and whether the damned souls
+might get again the favour of God, and so be released out of their
+torments or not.
+
+Whereupon the spirit answered: "My Faustus, thou mayst well leave to
+question any more of such matters, for they will but disquiet thy mind;
+I pray thee, what meanest thou, thinkest thou through these thy
+fantasies to escape us? No, for if thou shouldst climb up to heaven,
+there to hide thyself, yet would I thrust thee down again; for thou art
+mine, and thou belongest to our society. Therefore, sweet Faustus, thou
+wilt repent this thy foolish demand, except thou be content that I shall
+tell thee nothing."
+
+Quoth Faustus, ragingly: "I will know, or I will not live, wherefore
+dispatch and tell me."
+
+To whom Mephistophiles answered: "Faustus, it is no trouble unto me at
+all to tell thee; and therefore since thou forcest me thereto, I will
+tell thee things to the terror of thy soul, if thou wilt abide the
+hearing: thou wilt have me to tell thee of the secrets of hell, and of
+the pains thereof. Know, Faustus, that hell hath many figures,
+semblances, and names; but it cannot be named or figured in such sort to
+the living that are damned, as it is to those that are dead, and do both
+see and feel the torments thereof: for hell is said to be deadly, out of
+which came never any to life again but one, but he is nothing for thee
+to reckon upon; hell is bloodthirsty, and is never satisfied: hell is a
+valley into which the damned souls fall; for so soon as the soul is out
+of man's body, it would gladly go to the place from whence it came, and
+climbeth up above the highest hills, even to the heavens, where being by
+the angels of the first model denied entertainment (in consideration of
+their evil life spent on earth), they fall into the deepest pit or
+valley, that hath no bottom, into a perpetual fire which shall never be
+quenched; for like as the flint thrown in the water loseth not virtue,
+neither is the fire extinguished, even so the hellish fire is
+unquenchable: and even as the flint-stone in the fire burns red hot, and
+consumeth not, so likewise the damned souls in our hellish fire are ever
+burning, but their pain never diminishing. Therefore is hell called the
+everlasting pain, in which is never hope for mercy; so it is called
+utter darkness, in which we see neither the light, the sun, moon, nor
+stars; and were our darkness like the darkness of night, yet were there
+hope of mercy: but ours is perpetual darkness, clean exempt from the
+face of God. Hell hath also a place within it, called Chasma, out
+of which issueth all manner of thunders and lightnings, with such
+shriekings and wailings, that oftentimes the very devils themselves
+stand in fear thereof; for one while it sendeth forth wind, with
+exceeding snow, hail, and rain, congealing the water into ice, with
+the which the damned are frozen, gnash their teeth, howl, and cry,
+yet cannot die. Other whiles, it sendeth forth most horrible hot
+mists, or fogs, with flashing of flames of fire and brimstone, wherein
+the sorrowful souls of the damned lie broiling in their reiterated
+torments. Yea, Faustus, hell is called a prison, wherein the damned
+lie continually bound; it is called Pernicies and Exitium, death,
+destruction, hurtfulness, mischief, a mischance, a pitiful and evil
+thing, world without end. We have also with us in hell a ladder,
+reaching of exceeding height, as though the top of the same would touch
+the heaven, to which the damned ascend to seek the blessing of God, but
+through their infidelity, when they are at very highest degree, they
+fall down again into their former miseries, complaining of the heat of
+that unquenchable fire; yea, sweet Faustus, so much understand thou of
+hell, the while thou art desirous to know the secrets of our kingdom.
+And mark, Faustus, hell is the nurse of death, the heat of fire, the
+shadow of heaven and earth, the oblivion of all goodness; the pains
+unspeakable, the griefs unremovable, the dwelling of the devils.
+Dragons, serpents, adders, toads, crocodiles, and all manner of venomous
+and noisome creatures; the puddle of sin, the stinking far ascending
+from the Stygian lake, brimstone, pitch, and all manner of unclean
+metals, the perpetual and unquenchable fire, the end of whose miseries
+was never purposed by God. Yea, yea, Faustus, thou sayest I shall, I
+must, nay, I will tell thee the secrets of our kingdom, for thou buyest
+it dearly, and thou must and shalt be partaker of our torments, that, as
+the Lord said, shall never cease, for hell, the woman's belly, and the
+earth, are never satisfied; there shalt thou abide horrible torments,
+howling, crying, burning, freezing, melting, swimming in a labyrinth of
+miseries, scolding, smoking in thine eyes, stinking in thy nose,
+hoarseness in thy speech, deafness in thy ears, trembling in thy hands,
+biting thine own tongue with pain, thy heart crushed as with a press,
+thy bones broken, the devils tossing firebrands unto thee: yea, thy
+whole carcass tossed upon muck-forks from one devil to another; yea,
+Faustus, then wilt thou wish for death, and he will fly from thee, thine
+unspeakable torments shall be every day augmented more and more, for the
+greater the sin the greater is the punishment. How likest thou this, my
+Faustus? A resolution answerable to thy request.
+
+"Lastly, Thou wilt have me tell thee that which only belongeth to God,
+which is, if it be possible for the damned to come again into the favour
+of God, or not. Why, Faustus, thou knowest that this is against thy
+promise; for why shouldst thou desire to know that having already given
+thy soul to the devil, to have the pleasure of the world, and to know
+the secrets of hell; therefore thou art damned, and how canst thou then
+come again to the favour of God? Wherefore I discreetly answer, no; for
+whomsoever God hath forsaken and thrown into hell must there abide his
+wrath and indignation in that unquenchable fire, where is no hope of
+mercy to be looked for, but abiding his perpetual pains, world without
+end: for even as much it availeth thee, Faustus, to hope for the favour
+of God again as Lucifer himself; who indeed, although he and we have a
+hope, yet it is to small avail and taketh none effect, for out of that
+place God will neither hear crying nor singing; if he do, thou shalt
+have a little remorse, as Dives, Cain, and Judas had. What helpeth the
+emperor, king, prince, duke, earl, baron, lord, knight, esquire, or
+gentleman, to cry for mercy being there? Nothing; for if on earth they
+would not be tyrants and self-willed, rich with covetousness, proud with
+pomp, gluttons, drunkards, whoremongers, backbiters, robbers, murderers,
+blasphemers, and such like, then were there some hope to be looked for;
+therefore, my Faustus, as thou comest to hell with these qualities thou
+mayst say with Cain, 'My sins are greater than can be forgiven;' go hang
+thyself with Judas; and lastly, be contented to suffer torments with
+Dives. Therefore know, Faustus, that the damned have neither end nor
+time appointed in the which they may hope to be released; for if there
+were any such hope that they, by throwing one drop of water out of the
+sea in a day until it were dry, or there were one heap of sand as high
+as from the earth to the heavens, that a bird carrying away but one corn
+in a day, at the end of this so long labour, that yet they might hope at
+the last God would have mercy on them, they would be comforted; but now
+there is no hope that God once thinks upon them, or that their howling
+shall ever be heard; yea, so impossible it is for thee to hide thyself
+from God, as it is impossible for thee to remove the mountains, or to
+empty the sea, or to tell the drops of rain that have fallen from heaven
+until this day, or to tell what there is most of in the world; yea, and
+as for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, even so impossible it
+is for thee, Faustus, and the rest of the damned, to come again into the
+favour of God. And thus, Faustus, hast thou heard my last sentence, and
+I pray thee, how dost thou like it? But know this, that I counsel thee
+to let me be unmolested hereafter with such disputations, or else will I
+vex thee every limb to thy small contentment."
+
+Dr. Faustus parted from his spirit very pensive and sorrowful, laying
+him on his bed, altogether doubtful of the grace and favour of God,
+wherefore he fell into fantastical cogitations. Fain he would have had
+his soul at liberty again, but the devil had so blinded him, and had
+taken such deep root in his heart, that he could never think to crave
+God's mercy; or, if by chance he had any good motion, straightways the
+devil would thrust in a fair lady into his chamber, which fell to
+kissing and dalliance with him, through which means he threw the godly
+motions in the wind, going forward still in his wicked practice, to the
+utter ruin both of body and soul.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+_Another Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit Mephistophiles
+of his own Estate._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus being yet desirous to hear more strange things, called his
+spirit unto him, saying, "My Mephistophiles, I have yet another suit
+unto thee, which I pray thee deny me not to resolve me of."
+
+"Faustus," quoth the spirit, "I am loth to reason with thee any further,
+for thou art never satisfied in thy mind, but always bringest me a new."
+
+"Yet, I pray thee, this once," quoth Faustus, "do me so much favour as
+to tell me the truth in this matter, and hereafter I will be no more so
+earnest with thee."
+
+The spirit was altogether against it; but yet once more he would abide
+him. "Well," said the spirit to Faustus, "what demandest thou of me."
+
+Faustus said, "I would gladly know of thee if thou wert a man in manner
+and form as I am, what wouldst thou do to please both God and man?"
+
+Whereat the spirit smiled, saying, "My Faustus, if I was a man as thou
+art, and that God had adorned me with those gifts of nature which thou
+once hadst, even so long as the breath of God were by and within me,
+would I humble myself unto his majesty, endeavouring all that I could to
+keep his commandments, praise him and glorify him, that I might continue
+in his favour, so were I sure to enjoy the eternal joy and felicity of
+his kingdom."
+
+Faustus said, "But that I have not done."
+
+"No, thou sayest truth," quoth Mephistophiles, "thou hast not done it;
+but thou hast denied the Lord thy Maker which gave thee the breath of
+life, speech, hearing, sight, and all other thy reasonable senses, that
+thou mightest understand his will and pleasure, to live to the glory and
+honour of his name, and to the advancement of thy body and soul. Him, I
+say, being thy Maker, hast thou denied and defied; yea, wickedly hast
+thou applied that excellent gift of understanding, and given thy soul to
+the devil; therefore give none the blame but thine own self-will, thy
+proud and aspiring mind, which hath brought thee unto the wrath of God
+and utter damnation."
+
+"This is most true," quoth Faustus; "but tell me, Mephistophiles, would
+thou be in my case as I am now?"
+
+"Yea," saith the spirit (and with that fetched a great sigh), "for yet I
+would so humble myself that I would win the favour of God."
+
+"Then," said Dr. Faustus, "it were time enough for me if I amended."
+
+"True," said Mephistophiles, "if it were not for thy great sins, which
+are so odious and detestable in the sight of God, that it is too late
+for thee, for the wrath of God resteth upon thee."
+
+"Leave off," quoth Faustus, "and tell me my question to my greater
+comfort."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+HERE FOLLOWETH THE SECOND PART OF DR. FAUSTUS HIS LIFE AND PRACTICES,
+UNTIL HIS END.
+
+
+Dr. Faustus having received denial of his spirit to be resolved any more
+in such questions propounded, forgot all good works, and fell to be a
+calendar-maker by the help of his spirit, and also in short time to be a
+good astronomer or astrologian. He had learned so perfectly of his
+spirit the course of the sun, moon, and stars, that he had the most
+famous name of all the mathematicians that lived in his time, as may
+well appear by his works dedicated unto sundry dukes and lords, for he
+did nothing without the advice of his spirit, which learned him to
+presage of matters to come, which have come to pass since his death. The
+like praise won he with his calendars and almanack-making; for when he
+presaged of anything, operations, and alterations of the weather or
+elements, as wind, rain, fogs, snow, hail, moist, dry, warm, cold,
+thunder, lightning, it fell so duly out, as if an angel of heaven had
+forewarned it. He did not, like the unskilful astronomers in our time,
+that set in winter, cold moist air, frosty, and in the dog days, hot,
+dry, thunder, fire, and such like; but he set in all his works the day
+and hour, when, where, and how it should happen. If any wonderful things
+were at hand, as mortality, famine, plague, wars, he would set the time
+and place, in true and just order, when it would come to pass.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+_A Question put forth by Dr. Faustus to his Spirit, concerning
+Astronomy._
+
+
+Now Faustus falling to practice, and making his prognostications, he was
+doubtful in many points, wherefore he called unto him Mephistophiles his
+spirit, saying, "I find the ground of the science very difficult to
+attain unto; for when that I confer Astronomia and Astrologia, as the
+mathematicians and ancient writers have left in memory, I find them
+vary, and very much to disagree; wherefore I pray thee to teach me the
+truth of this matter."
+
+To whom his spirit answered: "Faustus, thou shalt know that the
+practitioners or speculators, or at least the first inventors of these
+arts, have done nothing of themselves certain, whereupon thou mayst
+attain to the true prognosticating or presaging of things concerning the
+heavens, or of the influence of the planets; for if by chance some one
+mathematician or astronomer have left behind him anything worthy of
+memory, they have so blinded it with enigmatical words, blind
+characters, and such obscure figures, that it is impossible for any
+earthly man to attain the knowledge thereof without the aid of some
+spirits, or else the special gift of God, for such as are the hidden
+works of God from men, yet do we spirits, that fly and fleet all
+elements, know such; and there is nothing to be done, or by the heavens
+portended, but we know it, except only the day of doom. Wherefore,
+Faustus, learn of me: I will teach thee the course and re-course of the
+planets, the cause of winter and summer, the exaltation and declination
+of the sun, and eclipse of the moon, the distance and height of the
+poles and every fixed star, the nature and opposition of the
+elements--fire, air, water, and earth--and all that is contained in
+them; yea, herein there is nothing hidden from me, but only the filthy
+essence which once thou hadst, Faustus, at liberty, but now thou hast
+lost it past recovery; therefore, leaving that which will not be again
+had, learn now of me to make thunder, lightning, hail, snow, and rain;
+the clouds to rend the earth; and craggy rocks to shake and split in
+sunder; the seas to swell and roar, and overrun their marks. Knowest
+thou not that the deeper the sun shines the hotter it pierces; so the
+more thy art is famous whilst thou art here, the greater shall be thy
+name when thou art gone. Knowest thou not that the earth is frozen,
+cold, and dry; the water running, cold and moist; the air flying, hot
+and moist; the fire consuming, hot and dry: yea, Faustus, so must thy
+heart be inflamed like the fire to mount on high. Learn, Faustus, to fly
+like myself, as swift as thought from one kingdom to another: to sit at
+princes' tables, to eat their dainty fare, to have thy pleasure of their
+ladies, wives, and concubines; to use all their jewels and costly robes
+as things belonging unto thee, and not unto them. Learn of me, Faustus,
+to run through walls, doors, and gates of stone and iron; to creep into
+the earth like a worm, or swim in the water like a fish; to fly in the
+air like a bird, and to live and nourish thyself in the fire like a
+salamander: so shalt thou be famous, renowned, far spoken of, and
+extolled for thy skill; going on knives not hurting thy feet, carrying
+fire in thy bosom and not burning thy shirt; seeing through the heavens
+as through a crystal, wherein is placed the planets, with all the rest
+of the presaging comets--the whole circuit of the world from east to
+west, north and south. There shalt thou know, Faustus, whereof the fiery
+sphere above, and the signs of the Zodiac doth not burn and consume the
+whole face of the earth, being hindered by placing the two moist
+elements between them--the airy clouds and wavering waves of water. Yea,
+Faustus, I will learn thee the secrets of Nature; what the cause is,
+that the sun in summer, being at the highest, giveth all his heat
+downwards on the earth; and being winter at the lowest, giveth all his
+heat upwards into the heavens; that the snow should be of so great
+virtue as the honey, and the Lady Saturnia in occulto more hot than the
+sun in manifesto. Come on, my Faustus; I will make thee as perfect in
+these ways as myself; I will learn thee to go invisible, to find out the
+mines both of gold and silver, the fodines of precious stones--as the
+carbuncle, the diamond, sapphire, emerald, ruby, topaz, jacinth, granat,
+jaspies, amethyst: use all these at thy pleasure--take thy heart's
+desire. Thy time, Faustus, weareth away; then why wilt thou not take thy
+pleasure of the world? Come up, we will go unto kings at their own
+courts, and at their most sumptuous banquets be their guests. If
+willingly they invite us not, then by force we will serve our own turn
+with their best meat and daintest wine."
+
+"Agreed," quoth Faustus; "but let me pause a while upon this thou hast
+even now declared unto me."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus fell into Despair with himself, for having put a
+question unto his Spirit; they fell at Variance, whereupon the Rout of
+Devils appeared unto him, threatening him sharply._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus resolved with himself the speeches of his spirit, and became
+so woeful and sorrowful in his cogitations that he thought himself
+already frying in the hottest flame of hell; and lying in this muse,
+suddenly there appeared unto him his spirit, demanding what thing so
+grieved and troubled his conscience?
+
+Whereat Dr. Faustus gave no answer. Yet the spirit lay very earnestly
+upon him to know the cause, and if it were possible he would find a
+remedy for his grief and ease him of his sorrows.
+
+To whom Faustus answered, "I have taken thee unto me as a servant to do
+my service, and thy service will be very dear unto me; yet I cannot have
+any diligence of thee farther than thou list thyself, neither dost thou
+in anything as it becometh thee."
+
+The spirit replied: "My Faustus, thou knowest that I was never against
+thy commandment as yet, but ready to serve and resolve thy questions,
+although I am not bound unto thee in such respects as concern the hurt
+of our kingdom; yet was I always willing to answer thee, and so am I
+still: therefore, my Faustus, say on boldly, what is thy will and
+pleasure?"
+
+At which words the spirit stole away the heart of Faustus, who spake in
+this sort: "Mephistophiles, tell me how and after what sort God made the
+world and all the creatures in it? And why man was made after the image
+of God?"
+
+The spirit hearing this, answered Faustus: "Thou knowest that all this
+is in vain for thee to ask. I know that thou art sorry for what thou
+hast done, but it availeth thee not; for I will tear thee in a thousand
+pieces if thou change not thy opinions." And hereat he vanished away.
+
+Whereat Faustus, all sorrowful that he had put forth such a question,
+fell to weeping and to howling bitterly, not for his sins towards God,
+but that the devil was departed from him so suddenly in such a rage. And
+being in this perplexity, he was suddenly taken with such extreme cold,
+as if he would have frozen in the place where he sat, in which the
+greatest devil in hell appeared unto him, with certain of his hideous
+and infernal company, in most ugly shapes, that it was impossible to
+think upon; and traversing the chamber round about where Faustus sat,
+Faustus thought to himself, "Now are they come for me, though my time
+be not come, and that because I have asked such questions of my servant
+Mephistophiles." At whose cogitations the chiefest devil, which was the
+lord unto whom he gave his soul, that was Lucifer, spake in this sort:
+"Faustus, I have seen thy thoughts, which are not as thou hast vowed
+unto me, by the virtue of this letter [and showed him the obligation
+which he had written with his own blood]; wherefore I am come to visit
+thee, and to show thee some of our hellish pastimes, in hope that will
+draw and confirm thy mind a little more steadfast unto us."
+
+"Content," quoth Faustus: "go to, let me see what pastime you can make."
+
+At which words the great devil in his likeness sate him down by Faustus,
+commanding the rest of his devils to appear in the form as if they were
+in hell. First entered Belial, in form of a bear, with curled black hair
+to the ground, his ears standing upright; within his ears were as red as
+blood, out of which issued flames of fire; his teeth were at least a
+foot long, and as white as snow, with a tail three ells long at the
+least, having two wings, one behind each arm; and thus one after another
+they appeared to Faustus in form as they were in hell. Lucifer himself
+sate in a manner of a man all hairy, but of brown colour like a
+squirrel, curled, and his tail curling upwards on his back as the
+squirrels use. I think he could crack nuts too like a squirrel. After
+him came Belzebub in curled hair of a horse-flesh colour, his head like
+the head of a bull, with a mighty pair of horns, and two long ears down
+to the ground, and two wings on his back, with two pricking things like
+horns; out of his wings issued flames of fire; his tail was like a
+cow's. Then came Astaroth in the form of a worm, going upright on his
+tail, and had no feet, but a tail like a glow-worm; under his chops grew
+two short hands, and his back was coal black; his belly thick in the
+middle, yellow, like gold, having many bristles on his back like a
+hedgehog. After him came Cannagosta, being white and grey mixed,
+exceeding curled and hairy; he had a head like the head of an ass, and a
+tail like a cat, and claws like an ox, lacking nothing of an ell broad.
+Then came Anobis: this devil had a head like a dog, white and black
+hair; in shape like a hog, saving that he had but two feet--one under
+his throat, the other at his tail; he was four ells long, with hanging
+ears like a blood-hound. After him came Dithican: he was a short thief,
+in form of a large bird, with shining feathers, and four feet; his neck
+was green, and body red, and his feet black. The last was called
+Brachus, with very short feet, like a hedgehog, yellow and green; the
+upper side of his body was brown, and the belly like blue flames of
+fire, the tail red like the tail of a monkey. The rest of the devils
+were in form of unreasonable beasts, as swine, harts, bears, wolves,
+apes, buffes, goats, antelopes, elephants, dragons, horses, asses,
+lions, cats, snakes, toads, and all manner of ugly odious serpents and
+worms; yet came in such sort that every one at his entry into the hall
+made their reverence unto Lucifer, and so took their places, standing in
+order as they came until they had filled the whole hall, wherewith
+suddenly fell a most horrible thunder-clap, that the house shook as if
+it would have fallen unto the ground; upon which every monster had a
+muck-fork in his hand, holding them towards Faustus as though they would
+have run a tilt at him; which, when Faustus perceived, he thought upon
+the words of Mephistophiles, when he told him how the souls in hell were
+tormented, being cast from devil to devil upon muck-forks, he thought
+verily to have been tormented there by them in like sort.
+
+But Lucifer perceiving his thought, spake to him, "My Faustus, how
+likest thou this crew of mine?"
+
+Quoth Faustus, "Why came you not in another manner of shape?"
+
+Lucifer replied: "We cannot change our hellish form, we have showed
+ourselves here as we are there; yet can we blind men's eyes in such
+sort, that when we will, we appear unto them as if we were men or angels
+of light, although our dwelling be in darkness."
+
+Then said Faustus, "I like not so many of you together."
+
+Whereupon Lucifer commanded them to depart, except seven of the
+principal; forthwith they presently vanished, which Faustus perceiving,
+he was somewhat better comforted, and spake to Lucifer, "Where is my
+servant Mephistophiles? let me see if he can do the like."
+
+Whereupon came a fierce dragon flying, and spitting fire round about the
+house, and coming towards Lucifer, made reverence, and then changed
+himself to the form of a friar, saying, "Faustus, what wilt thou?"
+
+Faustus said, "I will that thou teach me to transform myself in like
+sort, as thou and the rest have done."
+
+Then Lucifer put forth his paw and gave Faustus a book, saying, "Hold,
+do what thou wilt."
+
+Which he looking upon, straightways changed himself into a hog, then
+into a worm, then into a dragon, and finding thus for his purpose it
+liked him well.
+
+Quoth he to Lucifer, "And how cometh it that so many filthy forms are in
+the world?"
+
+Lucifer answered, "They are ordained of God, as plagues unto men, and so
+shalt thou be plagued," quoth he; whereupon came scorpions, wasps,
+emets, bees, and gnats, which fell to stinging and biting him, and all
+the whole house was filled with a most horrible stinking fog, insomuch
+that Faustus saw nothing, but still was tormented; wherefore he cried
+for help, saying, "Mephistophiles, my faithful servant, where art thou?
+Help, help, I pray thee."
+
+Hereat the spirit answered nothing, but Lucifer himself said, "Ho, ho,
+ho, Faustus, how likest thou the creation of the world?"
+
+And incontinent it was clear again, and the devils and all the filthy
+cattle were vanished, only Faustus was left alone, seeing nothing, but
+hearing the sweetest music that ever he heard before; at which he was so
+ravished with delight, that he forgot his fears he was in before, and it
+repented him that he had seen no more of their pastime.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus desired to see Hell, and of the manner how he was used
+therein._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus bethinking how his time went away, and how he had spent
+eight years thereof, he meant to spend the rest to his better contentment,
+intending quite to forget any such motions as might offend the devil any
+more: wherefore on a time he called his spirit Mephistophiles, and said
+unto him, "Bring thou hither unto me thy lord Lucifer or Belial." He
+brought him (notwithstanding) one that was called Belzebub, the which
+asked Faustus his pleasure.
+
+Quoth Faustus, "I will know of thee if I might see hell, and take a view
+thereof?"
+
+"That thou shalt," said the devil, "and at midnight I will fetch thee."
+
+Well, night being come, Dr. Faustus waited very diligently for the
+coming of the devil to fetch him, and thinking that he tarried too long,
+he went to the window, where he pulled open a casement, and looking into
+the element, he saw a cloud in the north more black, and darker, and
+obscurer than all the rest of the sky, from whence the wind blew most
+horribly right into Faustus's chamber, and filled the whole house with
+smoke, that Faustus was almost smothered; hereat fell an exceeding
+thunder-clap, and withal came a great rugged black bear all curled, and
+upon his back a chair of beaten gold, and spake to Faustus, saying,
+"Sir, up and away with me:" and Dr. Faustus that had so long abode the
+smoke, wished rather to be in hell than there, got on the devil, and so
+they went on together.
+
+Mark how the devil blinded him, and made him believe he carried him into
+hell, for he carried him into the lake, where Faustus fell into a sound
+sleep, as if he had sate into a warm water or bath: at last they came to
+a place which burneth continually with flashing flames of fire and
+brimstone, whereout issued an exceeding mighty clap of thunder, with so
+horrible a noise that Faustus awaked. But the devil went forth on his
+way, and carried Faustus therein, yea, notwithstanding however it burnt,
+Dr. Faustus felt no more heat than as it were the glimpse of the sun in
+May; there heard he all manner of music to overcome him, but saw none
+playing on them; it pleased him well, but he durst not ask, for he was
+forbidden it before. To meet the devil and the guest that came with him
+came three other ugly devils, the which ran back again before the bear,
+to make the way; against whom there came running an exceeding great
+hart, which would have thrust Faustus out of the chair; but being
+defended by the other three devils, the hart was put to the repulse:
+thence going on the way, Faustus looked, and behold there was nothing
+but snakes, and all manner of venomous beasts about him, which were
+exceeding great: unto the which snakes came many storks, and swallowed
+up the whole multitude of snakes, that they left not one: which when
+Faustus saw, he marvelled greatly. But proceeding farther on their
+hellish voyage, there came forth out of a hollow clift an exceeding
+great flying bull, the which with such a force hit Faustus's chair with
+his head and horns, that he turned Faustus and his bear over and over,
+so that the bear vanished away: whereat Faustus began to cry, "Oh!
+woe to me that ever I came here!" For he thought there to have been
+beguiled of the devil; and to make an end before his time appointed or
+conditioned of the devil: but shortly after came to him a monstrous ape,
+bidding Faustus to be of good cheer, and said, "Get upon me."
+
+All the fire in hell seemed to Faustus to have been put out, whereupon
+followed a monstrous thick fog, that he saw nothing, but shortly after
+it seemed to him to wax clear, where he saw two great dragons fastened
+unto a waggon, in the which the ape ascended and set Faustus therein;
+forth flew the dragons into an exceeding dark cloud, where Faustus saw
+neither dragons nor chariot wherein he sate, and such were the cries of
+tormented souls, with mighty thunder-claps and flashing lightnings about
+his ears, that poor Faustus shook for fear; upon this they came to a
+water, stinking and filthy, thick like mud, into the which ran the
+dragons, sinking under with waggon and all; but Faustus felt no water,
+but as it were a small mist, saving that the waves beat so sore upon
+him, that he saw nothing under or over him but only water, in the which
+he lost his dragons, ape, and waggon; and sinking deeper and deeper, he
+came at last as it were upon a high rock, where the waters parted and
+left him thereon: but when the water was gone, it seemed to him he
+should there have ended his life, for he saw no way but death. The rock
+was so high from the bottom as heaven is from the earth. There sate he,
+seeing nor hearing any man, and looked ever upon the rock. At length he
+saw a little hole out of which issued fire. Thought he, "How shall I now
+do? I must either fall to the bottom or burn in the fire, or sit in
+despair." With that, in his madness he gave a skip into the fire-hole,
+saying, "Hold, you infernal hags! take here this sacrifice as my last
+end, that which I have justly deserved."
+
+Upon this he was entered, and finding himself as yet unburned or touched
+of that fire, he was the better appayed. But there was so great a noise
+that he never heard the like before; it passed all the thunder that
+ever he had heard. And coming down farther to the bottom of the rock, he
+saw a fire, wherein were many worthy and noble personages, as emperors,
+kings, dukes, and lords, and many thousand more tormented souls, at the
+edge of which fire ran a most pleasant, clear, and cold water to behold;
+into the which many tormented souls sprang out of the fire to cool
+themselves, but being so freezing cold, they were constrained to return
+again into the fire, and thus wearied themselves and spent their endless
+torments out of one labyrinth into another, one while in heat, another
+while in cold. But Faustus, standing here all this while gazing on them
+that were thus tormented, he saw one leaping out of the fire, shrieking
+horribly, whom he thought to have known, wherefore he would fain
+have spoken unto him, but remembering he was forbidden, he refrained
+speaking. Then this devil that brought him in, came to him again in
+likeness of a bear, with the chair on his back, and bid him sit up, for
+it was time to depart. So Faustus got up, and the devil carried him out
+into the air, where he had so sweet music that he fell asleep by the
+way.
+
+His boy Christopher, being all this while at home, and missing his
+master so long, thought his master would have tarried and dwelt with the
+devil for ever; but whilst the boy was in these cogitations, his master
+came home; for the devil brought him home fast asleep as he sate in his
+chair, and threw him on his bed, where (being thus left of the devil) he
+lay until day. When he awaked, he was amazed, like a man who had been in
+a dark dungeon; musing with himself, if it were true or false that he
+had seen hell, or whether he was blinded or not; but he rather persuaded
+himself he had been there than otherwise, because he had seen such
+wonderful things; wherefore he most carefully took pen and ink, and
+wrote those things in order as he had seen; which writing was afterwards
+found by his boy in his study, which afterwards was published to the
+whole city of Wittenburg in print, for example to all Christians.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus was carried through the Air, up to the Heavens to see
+the whole World, and how the Sky and Planets ruled; after the which he
+wrote a Letter to his Friend of the same to Liptzig, and how he went
+about the World in eight days._
+
+This letter was found by a freeman and citizen of Wittenburg, written
+with his own hand, and sent to his friend at Liptzig, a physician, named
+Love Victori, the contents of which were as followeth:
+
+"Amongst other things, my beloved friend and brother, I remember yet the
+former friendship we had together when we were schoolfellows and
+students in the university at Wittenburg; whereas you first studied
+physic, astronomy, astrology, geometry, and cosmography, I, to the
+contrary, you know, studied divinity, notwithstanding now in any of your
+own studies I am sure I have proceeded farther than yourself; for since
+I began I have never erred, for, might I speak it without affecting
+mine own praise, my calendars and other practices have not only the
+commendations of the common sort, but also the chiefest lords and nobles
+of this our Dutch nation, because (which is chiefly to be noted) I write
+and presage of matters to come, which all accord and fall out so right,
+as if they had already been before. And for thee, my beloved Victori,
+you write to know my voyage which I made unto the heavens, the which (as
+you certify me) you have had some suspicion of, although you partly
+persuade yourself that it is a thing impossible; no matter for that, it
+is as it is, and let it be as it will, once it is done in such a manner
+as now according, unto your request, I will give you here to understand.
+I being once laid in my bed, and I could not sleep for thinking on my
+calendar and practice, I marvelled with myself how it were possible that
+the firmament should be known, and so largely written of by men, or
+whether they write true or false, by their own opinions and suppositions,
+or by due observation and true course of the heavens; behold, I thought
+my house would have been blown down, so that all my doors and chests
+flew open, whereat I was not a little astonished, for withal I heard a
+groaning voice, which said, 'Get up; the desire of thy heart, mind,
+and thought thou shalt see.' At the which I answered, 'What my heart
+desireth that would I fain see; and to make proof if I shall see, I will
+away with thee.' 'Why, then,' quoth he, 'look out the window, there
+cometh a messenger for thee.' That did I; and behold, there stood a
+waggon with two dragons before it to draw the same, and all the waggon
+was of a light burning fire, and for that the moon shone I was the
+willinger at that time to depart. But the voice spoke again: 'Sit up,
+and let us away.' 'I will,' said I, 'go with thee, but upon condition
+that I may ask after all things that I see, hear, or think on.' The
+voice answered: 'I am content for this time.' Hereupon I got me into the
+waggon, so that the dragons carried me up right into the air.
+
+"The waggon had four wheels, the which rattled so, and made such a
+noise, as if it had been all this while running on the stones, and round
+about us flew flames of fire; and the higher that I came, the more the
+earth seemed to be darkened, so that methought I came out of a dungeon;
+and looking down from heaven, behold Mephistophiles my spirit and
+servant was behind me; and when he perceived that I saw him, he came and
+sate by me; to whom I said, 'I pray thee, Mephistophiles, whither shall
+I go now?' 'Let not that trouble thy mind,' said he; and yet they carried
+us higher up. And now I will tell thee, good friend and schoolfellow,
+what things I have seen and proved; for on the Tuesday I went out, and
+on Tuesday seven nights following I came home again, that's eight days,
+in which time I slept not, no not one wink came within my eyes; and we
+went invisible of any man; and as the day began to appear, after the
+first night's journey, I said to my spirit Mephistophiles, 'I pray thee
+how far have we now ridden? I am sure thou knowest, for methinks we
+have ridden exceeding far, the world seemeth so little.' Mephistophiles
+answered me, 'My Faustus, believe me, that from the place from whence
+thou camest unto this place where we now are is already forty-seven
+leagues right in height.' And as the day increased, I looked down into
+the world. Asia, Europe, and Africa, I had a sight of; and being so
+high, quoth I to my spirit, 'Tell me how these kingdoms lie, and what
+they are called?' The which he denied not, saying, 'See this on our left
+hand is Hungaria, this is also Prussia on our left hand, and Poland,
+Muscovia, Tartary, Silesia, Bohemia, Saxony; and here on our right hand,
+Spain, Portugal, France, England, and Scotland; then right on before us
+lie the kingdoms of Persia, India, Arabia, the king of Althar, and the
+great Cham. Now we are come to Wittenburg, and are right over the town
+of Weim, in Austria, and ere long we will be at Constantinople, Tripoli,
+and Jerusalem, and after will we pierce the frozen zone, and shortly
+touch the horizon and the zenith of Wittenburg.' There looked I on the
+ocean sea, and beheld a great many ships and galleys ready to battle one
+against another; and thus I spent my journey, and I cast my eyes here,
+now there, towards south, north, east, and west. I have been in one
+place where it rained and hailed, and in another where the sun shone
+excellent fair; and so I think that I saw most things in and about the
+world, with great admiration; that in one place it rained, and in
+another hail and snow; on this side the sun shone bright, some hills
+covered with snow never consuming, others were so hot that grass and
+trees were burned and consumed therewith. Then looked I up to the
+heavens, and behold they went so swift, that I thought they would have
+sprung into thousands; likewise it was so clear and so hot, that I could
+not gaze upon it, it so dimmed my sight; and had not my spirit
+Mephistophiles covered me, as it were with a shadowing cloud, I had been
+burnt with the extreme heat thereof; for the sky which we behold here,
+when we look up from the earth, is so fast and thick as a wall, clear
+and shining bright as crystal, in which is placed the sun, which casteth
+forth his rays and beams over the whole world, to the uttermost confines
+of the earth. But we think that the sun is very little; no, it is
+altogether as big as the world; indeed the body substantial is but
+little in compass, but the rays or streams that it casteth forth by
+reason of the thing wherein it is placed, maketh him to extend and show
+himself all over the whole world; and we think that the sun runneth his
+course, and that the heavens stand still; no, it is the heavens that
+moves his course, and the sun abideth perpetually in his place, he is
+permanent and fixed in his place; and although we see him beginning to
+ascend in the orient or east, at the highest in the meridian or south,
+setting in occident or west, yet is he in the lowest in septentrio or
+north, and yet he moveth not, it is the axle of the heavens that moveth,
+the whole firmament being a chaos or confused thing, and for that proof
+I will show this example: like as thou seest a bubble made of water and
+soap blown out of a quill, it is in form of a confused mass or chaos,
+and being in this form is moved at pleasure of the wind, which runneth
+round about that chaos, and moveth him also round; even so the whole
+firmament or chaos, wherein are placed the sun and the rest of the
+planets, is turned and carried at the pleasure of the spirit of God,
+which is wind. Yea, Christian reader, to the glory of God, and to the
+profit of my soul, I will open unto thee a divine opinion touching the
+rule of this confounded chaos, far more than my rude German author,
+being possessed with the devil, was able to utter, and prove some of my
+sentences before to be true; look into Genesis, into the works of God,
+at the creation of the world, there shalt thou find that the spirit of
+God moved upon the water, before heaven and earth were made. Mark how he
+made it, and how by his word every element took his place; these were
+not his works, but his words, for all the words he used before,
+concluded afterwards in one work, which was in making man. Mark, reader,
+with patience, for thy soul's health, see into all that was done by the
+word and work of God. Light and darkness was, the firmament stood, and
+the great and little light in it; the moist waters were in one place,
+the earth was dry, and every element brought forth according to the word
+of God. Now follow his works: he made man after his own image. How? Out
+of the earth. The earth will shape no image without water; there was one
+of the elements; but all this while there was wind. All elements were at
+the word of God. Man was made, and in a form by the work of God, yet
+moved not that work before God had breathed the spirit of life into his
+nostrils, and made him a living soul. Here was the first wind and spirit
+of God, out of his own mouth; which we have likewise from the same seed
+which was only planted by God in Adam; which wind, breath, or spirit,
+when he had received, he was living and moved on earth; for it was
+ordained of God for his habitation, but the heavens are the habitation
+of the Lord. And like as I showed before of the bubble or confused chaos
+made of water and soap, through the wind and breath of man is turned
+round and carried with the wind, even so the firmaments wherein the sun
+and the rest of the planets are fixed, be moved, turned, and carried
+with the wind, breath, and spirit of God; for the heavens and firmaments
+are moveable as the chaos, but the sun is fixed in the firmament. And
+farther, my good schoolfellow, I was thus nigh the heavens, where
+methought every planet was but as half the earth, and under the firmament
+ruled the spirits in the air. As I came down, I looked upon the world
+and heavens, and methought that the earth was inclosed (in comparison)
+within the firmament as the yolk of an egg within the white; methought
+that the whole length of the earth was not a span long, and the water
+was as it had been twice as broad and as long as the earth. Even thus,
+at eight days' end, I came home again, and fell asleep, and so I
+continued sleeping three days and three nights together, and the first
+hour I waked, fell fresh again to my calendars, and have made them in
+right ample manner as you know. And to satisfy your request for that you
+write unto me, I have (in consideration of our old friendship had at the
+university of Wittenburg) declared unto you my heavenly voyage, wishing
+no worse unto you than unto myself, that is, that your mind were as mine
+in all respects. Dixi, Dr. Faustus the astrologian."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus made his Journey through the principal and most famous
+Lands in the World._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus having overrun fifteen years of his appointed time, he took
+upon him a journey, with full intent to see the whole world, and calling
+his spirit Mephistophiles unto him, he said, "Thou knowest that thou art
+bound unto me upon conditions, to form and fulfil my desire in all
+things, wherefore my intent is to visit the whole face of the earth,
+visible and invisible, when it pleaseth me; therefore I command and
+enjoin thee to the same." Whereupon Mephistophiles answered, "I am
+ready, my lord, at thy command;" and forthwith the spirit changed
+himself into the likeness of a flying horse, saying, "Faustus, sit up, I
+am ready."
+
+Dr. Faustus softly sate upon him, and forwards they went. Faustus came
+through many a land and province, as Pannonia, Austria, Germany,
+Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony, Messene, During, Frankland, Swaalband,
+Byerland, Sayrir, Corinthia, Poland, Litaw, Lesland, Prussia, Denmark,
+Muscovia, Tartaria, Turkey, Persia, Cathai, Alexandria, Barbaria, Ginny,
+Porut, the Straights Maghellane, India, all about the frozen zone, and
+Terra-incognita, Nova Hispaniola, the Isles of Tereza, Madera, St.
+Michaels, the Canaries, and the Trenorirolcio into Spain, and Mainland,
+Portugal, Italy, Campania, the Kingdom of Naples, the Isles of Sicilia,
+Malta, Majorca, Minorca, to the Knights of the Rhodes, Candy or Crete,
+Cypress, Corinth, Switzerland, France, Freezeland, Westphalia, Zealand,
+Holland, Brabant, and all the seventeen provinces in Netherland,
+England, Scotland, Ireland, and America, and Island, the Gut-Isles of
+Scotland, the Orcades, Norway, the Bishopric of Bream; and so home
+again.
+
+All these kingdoms, and provinces, and countries he passed in twenty-five
+days, in which time he saw nothing that delighted his mind; wherefore he
+took little rest at home, and burning in desire to see more at large,
+and to behold the secrets of each kingdom, he set forward again on his
+journey on his swift horse Mephistophiles, and came to Trent, for that
+he chiefly desired to see this town, and the monuments thereof, but
+there he saw not any wonders, except two fair palaces that belonged unto
+the bishop, and also a mighty large castle that was built with brick,
+with three walls, and three great trenches, so strong that it was
+impossible for any prince's power to win it; then he saw a church
+wherein was buried Simon and the bishop of Popo. Their tombs are of most
+sumptuous stone-marble, closed and joined together with great bars of
+iron. From thence he departed to Paris, where he liked well the academy;
+and what place or kingdom soever fell in his mind, the same he visited.
+
+He came from Paris to Mentz, where the river of Maine falls into the
+Rhine, notwithstanding he tarried not long there, but went into
+Campania, in the kingdom of Neapoly, in which he saw an innumerable sort
+of cloisters, nunneries, and churches, and great houses of stone, the
+streets fair and large, and straight forth from one end of the town to
+the other all alike, and all the pavement of the city was of brick, and
+the more it rained in the town the fairer the streets were. There saw he
+the tomb of Virgil, and the highway that he cut through the mighty hill
+of stone in one night, the whole length of an English mile, where he saw
+the number of galleys and argosies that lay there at the city head, the
+windmill that stood in the water, the castle in the water, and the
+houses above the water, where many galleys might ride most safely from
+rain or wind; then he saw the castle on the hill over the town, and many
+monuments therein, also the hill called Vesuvius, whereon groweth all
+the Greekish wine and most pleasant sweet olives.
+
+From thence he came to Venice, whereat he wondered not a little to see a
+city so famously built standing in the sea, where through every street
+the water came in such largeness that great ships and barques might pass
+from one street to another, having yet a way on both sides the water
+whereon men and horses might pass. He marvelled also how it was possible
+so much victuals to be found in the town, and so good and cheap,
+considering that for a whole league nothing grew near the same. He
+wondered not a little at the fairness of St. Mark's Place, and the
+sumptuous church standing thereon, called St. Mark; how all the pavement
+was set with coloured stones, and all the rood or loft of the church
+double gilded over.
+
+Leaving this, he came to Padua, beholding the manner of their academy,
+which is called the mother or nurse of Christendom; there heard he the
+doctors, and saw most of the monuments of the town, entered his name in
+the university of the German nation, and wrote himself Dr. Faustus, the
+insatiable speculator. Then saw he the worthiest monument in the world
+for a church, named St. Anthony's Cloister, which for the pinnacles
+thereof and the contrivement of the church, hath not the like in
+Christendom. The town is fenced about with three mighty walls of stone
+and earth, betwixt the which runneth goodly ditches of water. Betwixt
+every four-and-twenty hours passeth boats betwixt Padua and Venice with
+passengers, as they do here betwixt London and Gravesend, and even so
+far they differ in distance. Faustus beheld likewise the council-house
+and castle, with no small wonder.
+
+Well, forward he went to Rome, which lay, and doth yet lie, on the river
+Tibris, the which divideth the city into two parts. Over the river are
+four great stone bridges, and upon the one bridge, called Ponte St.
+Angelo, is the Castle of St. Angelo, wherein are so many great cast
+pieces as there are days in the year, and such pieces as will shoot
+seven bullets off with one fire. To this castle cometh a privy vault
+from the church and the palace of St. Peter, through the which the pope
+(if any danger be) passeth from his palace to the castle for safeguard.
+The city hath eleven gates, and a hill called Vaticinium, whereupon St.
+Peter's church is built. In that church the holy fathers will hear no
+confessions without the penitent bring money in his hand. Adjoining to
+the church is the Campo Santo, the which Carolus Magnus built, where
+every day thirteen pilgrims have their dinners served of the best; that
+is to say, Christ and his twelve apostles. Hard by this he visited the
+churchyard of St. Peter, where he saw that pyramid that Julius Cæsar
+brought forth of Africa; it stood in Faustus's time leaning against the
+church-wall of St. Peter's; but Pope Sixtus hath erected it in the
+middle of St. Peter's churchyard. It is fourteen fathom long, and at the
+lower end five fathom four square, and so forth smaller upwards. On the
+top is a crucifix of beaten gold, the stone standing on four lions of
+brass. Then he visited the seven churches of Rome, that were St. Peter,
+St. Paul, St. Sebastian, St. John Lateran, St. Laurence, St. Mary
+Magdalen, and St. Mary Majora. Then went he without the town, where he
+saw the conduits of water that run level through hill and dale, bringing
+water into the town fifteen Italian miles off. Other mountains he saw,
+too many to recite.
+
+But amongst the rest he was desirous to see the pope's court, and his
+manner of service at his table, wherefore he and his spirit made
+themselves invisible, and came to the pope's court and privy-chamber,
+where he was; there saw he many servants attending on his holiness, with
+many a flattering sycophant carrying his meat; and there he marked
+the pope, and the manner of his service, which he seeing to be so
+unmeasurable and sumptuous: "Fie," quoth Faustus, "why had not the devil
+made a pope of me?" Faustus saw there notwithstanding such as were like
+to himself, proud, stout, wilful gluttons, drunkards, whoremongers,
+breakers of wedlock, and followers of all manner of ungodly excess;
+wherefore he said to his spirit, "I thought that I had been alone a hog
+or pork of the devil's, but he must bear with me a little longer; for
+these hogs of Rome are ready fatted, and fitted to make him roast meat;
+the devil might do well to spit them all, and have them to the fire, and
+let him summon the nuns to turn the spits; for as none must confess the
+nun but the friar, so none should turn the roasting friar but the nun."
+Thus continued Faustus three days in the pope's palace, and yet had no
+lust to his meat, but stood still in the pope's chamber, and saw
+everything whatsoever it was.
+
+On a time the pope would have a feast prepared for the Cardinal of
+Pavia, and for his first welcome the cardinal was bidden to dinner, and
+as he sate at meat the pope would ever be blessing and crossing over his
+mouth. Faustus would suffer it no longer, but up with his fist and smote
+the pope on his face, and withal he laughed that the whole house might
+hear him, yet none of them saw him, or knew where he was. The pope
+persuaded his company that it was a damned soul, commanding mass
+presently to be said for his delivery out of purgatory, which was done;
+the pope sat still at meat, but when the latter mess came to the pope's
+board, Dr. Faustus laid hands thereon, saying, "This is mine," and so he
+took both dish and meat, and flew into the Capitol or Campadolia,
+calling his spirit unto him, and said, "Come, let us be merry, for thou
+must fetch me some wine, and the cup that the pope drinks out of; and
+hereupon morte caval, we will make good cheer in spite of the pope and
+all his fat abbey lubbers."
+
+His spirit hearing this, departed towards the pope's chamber, where he
+found them yet sitting, quaking; wherefore he took from before the pope
+the fairest piece of plate, or drinking goblet, and a flagon of wine,
+and brought it to Faustus.
+
+But when the pope and the rest of his crew perceived they were robbed,
+and knew not after what sort, they persuaded themselves that it was a
+damned soul that before had vexed the pope so, and that smote him on the
+face; wherefore he sent commandment through the whole city of Rome, that
+they should say a mass in every church, and ring all the bells, for to
+lay the walking spirit, and to curse him with bell, book, and candle,
+that so invisibly had misused the pope's holiness, with the Cardinal of
+Pavia, and the rest of their company.
+
+But Faustus notwithstanding made good cheer with that which he had
+beguiled the pope of, and in the midst of the order of St. Bernard's,
+bare-footed friars, as they were going on procession through the
+market-place, called Campo de Fiore, he let fall his plate, dish, and
+cup, and withal for a farewell he made such a thunder-clap and storm of
+rain, as though heaven and earth would have met together, and left Rome,
+and came to Millain in Italy, near the Alps or borders of Switzerland,
+where he praised much to his spirit the pleasures of the place, the city
+being founded in so brave a plain, by the which ran most pleasant rivers
+on every side of the same, having besides within the compass of a
+circuit of seven miles, seven small seas: he saw also therein many fair
+places, and goodly buildings, the duke's palace, and the mighty strong
+castle, which is in a manner half the bigness of the town. Moreover, it
+liked him well to see the hospital of St. Mary, with divers other
+things: he did there nothing worthy of memory, but he departed back
+again towards Bologna, and from thence to Florence, where he was well
+pleased to see the pleasant walk of merchants, the goodly vaults of
+the city, for that almost the whole city is vaulted, and the houses
+themselves are built outwardly in such sort, that the people go under
+them as under a vault: then he perused the sumptuous church in the
+duke's castle, called Nostra Dama, our Lady's church, in which he saw
+many monuments, as a marble door most huge to look upon; the gates of
+the castle are bell-metal, wherein are graven the holy patriarchs, with
+Christ and his twelve apostles, and divers other histories out of the
+Old and New Testament.
+
+Then went he to Siena, where he highly praised the church and hospital
+of Sancta Maria Formosa, with the goodly buildings, and especially the
+fairness and greatness of the city, and beautiful women: then came he to
+Lyons in France, where he marked the situation of the city, which lay
+between two hills, environed with two waters; one worthy monument
+pleased him well, that was the great church, with the image therein; he
+commended the city highly for the great resort that it had unto it of
+strangers.
+
+From thence he went to Cullen, which lieth upon the river of Rhine,
+wherein he saw one of the ancientest monuments in the world, the which
+was the tomb of the three kings that came by the angel of God, and their
+knowledge they had in the stars, to worship Christ, which when Faustus
+saw, he spake in this manner: "Ah! alas, good men! How have you erred,
+and lost your way! You should have gone to Palestina, and Bethlehem in
+Judea; how came you hither? Or belike after your death you were thrown
+into Mare Mediterraneum, about Tripolis in Syria, and so you steered out
+of the Straights of Gibralterra, in the ocean seas, and so into the Bay
+of Portugal. And not finding any rest, you are driven along the coast of
+Gallicia, Biscay and France, and into the narrow seas: then from thence
+into Mare Germanicum, and taken up I think about the town of Dort in
+Holland: you were brought to Cullen to be buried, or else (I think) you
+came most easily with a whirlwind over the Alps, and being thrown into
+the river of Rhine, it conveyed you to this place where you are kept a
+monument." Then saw he the church of St. Ursula, where remains a
+monument of the thousand virgins; it pleased him also to see the beauty
+of the women.
+
+Not far from Cullen lieth the town of Ach, where he saw the gorgeous
+temple that the Emperor Carolus Quartus built of marble-stone for a
+remembrance of him, to the end that all his successors should there be
+crowned.
+
+From Cullen and Ach he went to Geneva, a city in Savoy, lying near
+Switzerland; it is a town of great traffic, the lord thereof is a
+bishop, whose wine-cellar Faustus and his spirit visited for the love of
+his good wine.
+
+From thence he went to Strasburg, where he beheld the fairest temple that
+ever he had seen in his life before, for on every side thereof he might
+see through, even from the covering of the minster to the top of the
+pinnacle, and it is named one of the wonders of the world; wherefore, he
+demanded why it is called Strasburg? His spirit answered, "Because it
+hath so many highways common to it on every side, for Stros in Dutch is
+a Highway, and hereof came the name: yea," said Mephistophiles, "the
+church that thou so wonderest at, hath more revenues belonging to it
+than the twelve dukes of Silesia are worth, for there pertain unto this
+church fifty-five towns, and four hundred and sixty-three villages,
+besides many houses in the town."
+
+From thence went Faustus to Basil, in Switzerland, where the river of
+Rhine runneth through the town, parting the same as the river of Thames
+doth London: in the town of Basil he saw many rich monuments, the town
+walled with brick round about, without it goeth a great trench: no
+church pleased him but the Jesuits' church, which was sumptuously
+builded, and set full of alabaster pillars, where the spirit told
+Faustus that before the city was founded, there used a Basiliscus, a
+kind of serpent: this serpent killed as many men, women and children as
+he took a sight of, but there was a knight that made himself a cover of
+crystal, to come over his head and down to the ground, and being first
+covered with a black cloth, over that he put the crystal, and so boldly
+went to see the Basiliscus, and finding the place where she haunted, he
+expected her coming even before the mouth of the cave, where standing a
+while, the Basiliscus came forth, where when she saw her own venomous
+shadow in the crystal, she split in a thousand pieces, wherefore the
+knight was richly rewarded of the emperor, after the which the knight
+founded this town upon the place where he had slain the serpent, and
+gave it the name Basil, in remembrance of his deed.
+
+From Basil, Faustus went to Costnitz in Sweitz, at the head of the
+Rhine, where is a most sumptuous bridge that goeth over the Rhine, even
+from the gates of the town to the other side of the stream; at the head
+of the river of Rhine, is a small sea, called of the Switzers the Black
+Sea, twenty thousand paces long, and fifty hundred paces broad. The town
+Costnitz took the name of this; the emperor gave it a clown for
+expounding of his riddle: wherefore the clown named the town Costnitz,
+that is in English, "Cost me nothing."
+
+From Costnitz he came to Ulm, where he saw the sumptuous town house
+built by two-and-fifty of the ancient senators of the city; it took the
+name Ulm, because the whole land thereabouts is full of Elms: but
+Faustus minding to depart from thence, his spirit said unto him,
+"Faustus, think of the town as you will; it hath three dukedoms
+belonging to it, the which they have bought with ready money."
+
+From Ulm he came unto Watzberg, the chiefest town in Frankland, wherein
+the bishop altogether keepeth his court, through the which town passeth
+the river Mayne, that runs into the Rhine; thereabouts groweth strong
+and pleasant wine, the which Faustus well proved: the castle standeth on
+a hill on the north side of the town, at the foot thereof runneth the
+river. This town is full of beggarly friars, nuns, priests, and Jesuits;
+for there are five sorts of begging friars, besides three cloisters of
+nuns; at the foot of the castle stands a church, in the which there is
+an altar, where are engraven all the four elements, and all the orders
+and degrees in heaven, that any man of understanding whosoever, that
+hath a light thereof, may say that it is the artificialist thing that
+ever he beheld.
+
+From thence he went to Norenberg, whither as he went by the way his
+spirit informed him that the town was named of Claudius Tiberius, the
+son of Nero the Tyrant. In the town are two famous cathedral churches,
+one called St. Sabelt, the other St. Laurence; in which church stands
+all the relics of Carolus Magnus, that is to say, his cloak, his hose,
+his doublet, his sword and crown, the sceptre and apple. It hath a very
+glorious gilded conduit in the market-place of St. Laurence; in which
+conduit is the spear that thrust our Saviour into the side, and a piece
+of the holy cross; the wall is called the fair wall of Norenberg, and
+five hundred and twenty-eight streets, a hundred and sixty wells, four
+great and two small clocks, six great gates, two small doors, eight
+stone bridges, twelve small hills, ten fair market-places, thirteen
+common hot-houses, ten churches; within the town are twenty wheels of
+water-mills, it hath a hundred and thirty-eight tall ships, two mighty
+town walls of hewed stone and earth, with very deep trenches: the walls
+have a hundred and eighty towers about them, and four fair platforms,
+ten apothecaries, ten doctors of the common law, fourteen doctors of
+physic.
+
+From Norenberg he went to Auspurg, where at the break of the day he
+demanded of his spirit whereupon the town took his name. "This town,"
+quoth he, "hath had many names; when it was first built, it was called
+Vindelica; secondly, it was called Zizaria, the iron-bridge; lastly, by
+the Emperor Octavus Augustus, it was called Augusta, and by the
+corruption of language, the Germans had named it Auspurg."
+
+Now, for because that Faustus had been there before, he departed
+(without seeing their monuments) to Ravensberg, where his spirit
+certified him that the city had seven names: the first Diperia, the
+second Quadratis, the third Heaspolis, the fourth Reginipolis, the fifth
+Imbripolis, the sixth Ratisbona, the last is Ravensberg. The situation
+of this city pleased Faustus well, also the strong and sumptuous
+building; by the walls thereof runneth the river Danubius, in Dutch
+called Danow, into which not far from the compass of the city falleth
+near hand threescore other small rivers and fresh waters. Faustus also
+liked the sumptuous stone bridge over the same water, with the church
+standing thereon, the which was founded Anno 1115, the name whereof is
+called St. Remedian; in the town Faustus went into the cellar of an
+inn-holder, and let out all the beer and wine that was in the cellar.
+
+After which feat, he returned into Mentz in Bavaria, a right princely
+town: the town appeared as if it were new, with great streets therein,
+both of breadth and length from Mentz to Salisburg, where the bishop is
+always resident: here saw he all the commodities that were possible to
+be seen, for at the hill he saw the form of a bell made in crystal, a
+huge thing to look upon, that every year groweth bigger and bigger, by
+reason of the freezing cold.
+
+From thence he went to Vienna in Austria; the town is of great
+antiquity, that it is not possible to find the like. "In this town,"
+said the spirit, "is more wine than water, for all under the town are
+wells, which are filled every year with wine, and all the water that
+they have runneth by this town; this is the river Danubius."
+
+From thence he went into Prage, the chief city of Bohemia; this is
+divided into three parts, that is old Prage, little Prage, and new
+Prage. Little Prage is the place where the emperor's court is placed;
+upon an exceeding high mountain there is a castle, where are two fair
+churches; in the one he found a monument which might well have been a
+mirror for himself, and that was the sepulchre of a notable conjurer,
+which by his magic had so enchanted his sepulchre that whosoever set foot
+thereon, should be sure never to die in their beds. From this castle he
+came and went down over the bridge; this bridge has twenty-four arches,
+and in the middle of the bridge stands a very fair monument, being a
+cross builded of stone, and most artificially carved. From thence he
+went into the old Prage, the which is separated from the new Prage, with
+an exceeding deep ditch, and round about enclosed with a wall of brick;
+unto this is adjoining the Jews' town, wherein are thirteen thousand
+men, women, and children, all Jews; there he viewed the college and the
+gardens, where all manner of savage beasts are kept; and from thence he
+fetched a compass round about the three towns, whereat he wondered
+greatly to see so mighty a city stand all within the walls.
+
+From Prage he flew into the air, and bethought himself what he
+might do, or which way to take; so looked round about, and behold he
+espied a passing fair city, which lay not far from Prage, about some
+four-and-twenty miles, and that was Bressaw in Silesia, in which when he
+was entered, it seemed to him that he had been in Paradise, so neat and
+clean were the streets, and so sumptuous were their buildings. In the
+city he saw not many wonders, except the brazen Virgin that standeth
+on a bridge over the water, and under which standeth a mill like a
+paper-mill, which Virgin is made to do execution upon those disobedient
+town-born children that be so wild that their parents cannot bridle
+them; which, when any such are found with some heinous offence, turning
+to the shame of their parents and kindred, they are brought to kiss the
+Virgin, which openeth her arms. The person then to be executed kisseth
+her, then doth she close her arms together with such violence, that she
+crusheth out the breath of the party, breaketh his bulk, and so he
+dieth; but being dead she openeth her arms again, and letteth the party
+fall into the mill, where he is stamped into small morsels, which the
+water carrieth away, so that no part is found again.
+
+From Bressaw he went toward Cracovia, in the kingdom of Polionia, where
+he beheld the academy, the which pleased him wonderful well. In the city
+the king most commonly holdeth his court at a castle, in which castle
+are many famous monuments; there is a most sumptuous church in the same,
+in which standeth a silver altar gilded and set with rich stones, and
+over it is a covenance full of all manner of silver ornaments belonging
+to mass. In the church hangeth the jaw-bones of a huge dragon, that kept
+the rock before the castle was edified thereon: it is full of all manner
+of munition, and hath always victuals for three years to serve three
+thousand men; through the town runneth a river, called the Vessnal or
+Wessel, where over is a fair wooden bridge; this water divideth the
+town and Gasmere; in this Gasmere dwell the Jews, being a small walled
+town by themselves, to the number of twenty-five thousand men, women and
+children; within one mile of the town there is a salt mine, where they
+found stones of pure salt, one thousand pound, two thousand pound, or
+more in weight, and that in great quantity: this salt is as black as the
+Newcastle coal when it comes out of the mines, but being beaten to
+powder, it is as white as snow. The like they have four miles from
+thence at a town called Buckma.
+
+From thence Faustus went to Sandentz, the Captain thereof was called Don
+Spicket Jordan. In this town are many monuments, as the tomb and
+sepulchre of Christ, in as ample a manner as that is at Jerusalem, at
+the proper costs of a gentleman that went thrice a year to Jerusalem
+from that place and returned again. Not far from that town is a new town
+wherein is a nunnery of the order of St. Dioclesian, into which order
+may none come except they be gentlewomen, and well formed, and fair to
+look upon, which pleased Faustus well; but having a will to travel
+further, and to see more wonders, mounting up towards the east, over
+many lands and provinces, as in Hungaria, Transilvania, Shede, Ingatz,
+Sardinia, and so into Constantinople, where the Turkish emperor kept his
+court.
+
+This city was surnamed by Constantine, the founder thereof, being
+builded of very fair stone. In the same the Great Turk hath three fair
+palaces: the walls are strong, the pinnacles are very huge, and the
+streets very large. But this liked not Faustus that one man should have
+as many wives as he would. The sea runneth hard by the city; the wall
+hath eleven gates. Faustus abode there a certain time to see the manner
+of the Turkish emperor's service at his table, where he saw his royal
+service to be such that he thought if all the Christian princes should
+banquet together, and every one adorn the feast to the utmost, that
+they were not able to compare with the Turk and his table, and the rest
+of his country service. Wherefore it so affrighted Faustus that he vowed
+to be revenged on him, for his pomp, he thought, was more fit for
+himself; wherefore as the Turk sate at meat Faustus showed them a little
+apish play, for round about the privy-chamber he sent forth flashing
+flames of fire, insomuch that the whole company forsook their meat and
+fled, except only the Great Turk himself; him Faustus charmed in such
+sort that he could neither rise nor fall, neither could any man pull him
+up. With this was the hall so light as if the sun had shined in the
+house. Then came Faustus in form of a pope to the Great Turk, saying,
+"All hail, emperor, now art thou honoured, that I so worthily appear
+unto thee as thy Mahomet was wont to do." Hereupon he vanished, and
+forthwith it thundered that the whole palace shook. The Turk greatly
+marvelled what this should be that so vexed him, and was persuaded by
+the chiefest counsellors that it was Mahomet, his prophet, which had so
+appeared unto them; whereupon the Turk commanded them to fall down on
+their knees and to give him thanks for doing them so great honour as to
+show himself unto them. But the next day Faustus went into the castle
+where he kept his wives and concubines, in which castle might no man,
+upon the pain of death, come, except those that were appointed by the
+Great Turk to do him service, and they were all eunuchs, which when
+Faustus perceived, he said to his spirit Mephistophiles, "How likest
+thou this sport? Are not these fair ladies greatly to be pitied that
+thus consume their youth at the pleasure of one only man?"
+
+"Why," quoth the spirit, "mayst not thou instead of the emperor embrace
+these fair ladies? Do what thy heart desireth herein, and I will aid
+thee, and what thou wishest thou shalt have it performed."
+
+Wherefore Faustus (being before this counsel apt enough to put such
+matters in practice) caused a great fog to be round about the castle,
+both within and without, and he himself appeared amongst the ladies in
+all points as they used to paint Mahomet; at which sight the ladies fell
+on their knees and worshipped him. Then Faustus took the fairest by the
+hand, and when he had delighted himself sufficiently with her, he put
+her away, and made his spirit bring him another; and so he passed away
+six days, all which time the fog was so thick and so stinking that they
+within the house thought that they had been in hell for the time, and
+they without wondered thereat, in such sort that they went to their
+prayers, calling on their God Mahomet, and worshipping of the image;
+where the sixth day Faustus exalted himself into the air like a pope, in
+the sight of the Great Turk and all his people, and he had no sooner
+departed the castle but the fog vanished away. Whence presently the Turk
+went to his wives and concubines, demanding of them if they knew the
+cause why the castle was beset with a mist so long. They said it was the
+God Mahomet himself that had caused it, and how he was in the castle
+personally six days. The Turk, hearing this, fell down upon his knees
+and gave Mahomet thanks, desiring him to forgive him for being offended
+with his visiting his castle and wives these six days.
+
+From thence Faustus went to Alker, the which before times was called
+Chairam, or Memphis. In this city the Egyptian Soldan holdeth his court;
+from thence the river Nilus hath his head and spring. It is the greatest
+fresh water river that is in the whole world, and always when the sun is
+in Cancer it overfloweth the whole land of Egypt.
+
+Then he returned again towards the north-east, and to the town of Osen
+and Sebasa in Hungaria. This Osen is the closest city in Hungaria, and
+standing in a fertile soil, wherein groweth most excellent wine; and not
+far from the tower there is a well called Zipzan, the water whereof
+changeth iron into copper. There are mines of gold and silver and all
+manner of metal. We Germans call this town Osen, but in the Hungarian
+speech it is Start. In the town standeth a very fair castle, and very
+well fortified.
+
+From thence he went to Austria, and so through Silesia into Saxony,
+unto the towns of Magdeburg, and Lipzig, and Lubeck. Magdeburg is a
+bishopric. In this city is one of the pitchers wherein Christ changed
+the water into wine in Cana in Galilee. At Lipzig nothing pleased
+Faustus so well as the great vessel in the castle made of wood, the
+which is bound about with twenty-four iron hoops, and every hoop weighed
+two hundred pound weight. You must go upon a ladder thirty steps high
+before you can look into it. He saw also the new churchyard where it was
+walled, and standeth upon a fair plain. The yard is two hundred paces
+long, and round about the side of the wall are good places, separated
+one from each other to see sepulchres in, which in the middle of the
+yard standeth very sumptuous; therein standeth a pulpit of white work
+and gold.
+
+From thence he went to Lubeck and Jamberg, where he made no abode, but
+away again to Erford in Duriten, where he visited the Frescold; and from
+Erford he went home to Wittenburg, when he had seen and visited many a
+strange place, being from home one year and a half, in which time he
+wrought more wonders than are here declared.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus had sight of Paradise._
+
+
+After this Dr. Faustus set forth again to visit the countries of Spain,
+Portugal, France, England, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Muscovy,
+India, Cataia, Africa, Persia, and lastly, into Barbaria, amongst the
+Black Moors; and in all his wandering he was desirous to visit the
+ancient monuments and mighty hills, amongst the rest, beholding the high
+hill called Theno Reise, was desirous to rest upon it. From thence he
+went into the Isle of Britain, wherein he was greatly delighted to see
+the fair water and warm baths, the divers sorts of metal, with many
+precious stones and divers other commodities, the which Faustus brought
+thence with him. He was also at the Orcades behind Scotland, where he
+saw the tree that bringeth forth fruit, that when it is ripe, openeth
+and falleth in the water, wherein engendereth a certain kind of fowl and
+birds. These islands are in number twenty-three, but ten of them are not
+habitable, the other thirteen were inhabited.
+
+From thence he went to the hill Caucasus, which is the highest in all
+that tropic: it lieth near the borders of Scythia. Hereon Faustus stood
+and beheld many lands and kingdoms. Faustus, being on such a high hill,
+thought to look over all the world, and beyond, for he went to Paradise,
+but he durst not commune with his spirit thereof; and being on the hill
+Caucasus, he saw the whole land of India and Scythia, and as he looked
+towards the east, he saw a mighty clear streak of fire coming from
+heaven upon earth, even as if it had been one of the beams of the sun.
+He saw in the water four mighty waters springing, one had his course
+towards India, the second towards Egypt, the third and fourth towards
+Armenia. When he saw these he would needs know of his spirit what waters
+they were, and from whence they came?
+
+His spirit gave him gently an answer, saying, "It is Paradise that lieth
+so far in the east, the garden that God himself hath planted with all
+manner of pleasure; and the fiery streams which thou seest is the wall
+or fence of the garden; but the clear light which thou seest afar of,
+that is the angel that hath the custody thereof with a fiery sword; and
+although thou thinkest thyself to be hard by, thou are yet further
+thither from hence than thou hast ever been. The water that thou seest
+divided in four parts, is the water that issueth out of the well in the
+middle of Paradise. The first is called Ganges or Pison, the second
+Gihon, the third Tygris, and the fourth Euphrates; also thou seest that
+he standeth under Libra and Aries, right towards the Zenith; and upon
+this fiery wall standeth the angel Michael with his flaming sword, to
+keep the tree of life, which he hath in charge. But," the spirit said
+to Faustus, "neither thou, nor I, nor any after us, yea, all men
+whatsoever, are denied to visit, or come any nearer than we be."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+_Of a certain Comet that appeared in Germany, and how Dr. Faustus was
+desired by certain Friends of his to know the meaning thereof._
+
+
+In Germany, over the town of St. Elzeben, was seen a mighty great comet,
+whereat the people wondered, but Dr. Faustus being there, was asked of
+certain of his friends his judgment or opinion in the matter; whereupon
+he answered: "It falleth out often by the course and change of the sun
+and moon, that the sun is under the earth, and the moon above; but when
+the moon draweth near the change, then is the sun so strong that it
+taketh away the light of the moon in such sort as she is red as blood;
+and, on the contrary side, after they have been together, she soon
+taketh her light from him, and so increasing in light to the full, she
+will be as red as the sun was before, and change herself into divers and
+sundry colours, of which springeth the prodigal monster, or, as you
+call it, a comet, which is a figure or token appointed of God as a
+forewarning of his displeasure: as at one time he sendeth hunger,
+plague, sword, or such like, being all tokens of his judgments, which
+comet cometh through the conjunction of the sun and moon, and begetteth
+a monster, whose father is the sun, and whose mother is the moon: moon
+and sun."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+_Another Question put forth to Dr. Faustus concerning the Stars._
+
+
+There was a learned man of the town of Halberstat, named N. W., who
+invited Dr. Faustus to his table, but falling into communication before
+supper was ready, they looked out of the window, and seeing many stars
+in the firmament, this man being a doctor of physic, and a good
+astrologian, said: "Dr. Faustus, I have invited you as my guest, hoping
+you will take in good part with me, and withal, I request you to impart
+some of your experience in the stars and planets;" and seeing a star
+fall, he said: "I pray you, Faustus, what is the condition, quality, or
+greatness of the stars in the firmament?"
+
+Faustus answered him: "My friend and brother, you see that the stars
+that fall from heaven, when they come to the earth, they be very small
+to our thinking as candles, but being fixed in the firmament, they are
+many as great as a city, some as great as a province or dukedom, others
+as great as the whole earth, other some far greater than the earth
+twelve times, and from the height of the heavens there is scarce any
+earth to be seen--yea, the planets in the heavens are some so great as
+this land, some so great as the whole empire of Rome, some as Turkey,
+yea, some as great as the whole world."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+_How Faustus was asked a Question concerning the Spirits that vexed
+Men._
+
+
+"That is most true," said he to Faustus, "concerning the stars and
+planets; but, I pray you, in what kind or manner do the spirits use to
+vex men so little by day and so greatly by night?"
+
+Dr. Faustus answered: "Because the spirits are of God forbidden the
+light; their dwelling is in darkness, and the clearer the sun shineth,
+the farther the spirits have their abiding from it, but in the night
+when it is dark, they have their familiarity and abiding near unto us
+men. For although in the night we see not the sun, yet the brightness
+thereof so lighted the first moving of the firmament, as it doth here
+on earth in the day, by which reason we are able to see the stars and
+planets in the night, even so the rays of the sun piercing upwards into
+the firmament, the spirits abandon the place, and so come near us on
+earth, the darkness filling our heads with heavy dreams and fond fancies,
+with shrieking and crying in many deformed shapes: and sometimes when
+men go forth without light, there falleth to them a fear, that their
+hairs standeth up on end, so many start in their sleep, thinking there
+is a spirit by them, groping or feeling for him, going round about the
+house in their sleep, and many such like fancies, and all this is,
+because in the night the spirits are more familiarly by us than we are
+desirous of their company, and so they carry us, blinding us, and
+plaguing us more than we are able to perceive."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus was asked a Question concerning the Stars that fell
+from Heaven._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus being demanded the cause why the stars fall from heaven, he
+answered: "That it is but our opinion; for if one star fall, it is the
+great judgment of God upon us, as a forewarning of some great thing to
+come: for when we think that a star falleth, it is but as a spark that
+issueth from a candle or flame of fire; for if it were a substantial
+thing, we should not so soon lose the sight of them as we do. But
+likewise if so be that we see as it were a stream of fire fall from the
+firmament, as it oft happeneth, yet are they not stars, but as it were a
+flame of fire vanishing, but the stars are substantial; therefore are
+they firm and not falling; if there fall any, it is a sign of some great
+matter to come, as a scourge to a people or country; and then such stars
+falling, and the gates of heaven are opened, and the clouds send forth
+floods and other plagues, to the damage of the whole land and people."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+_How Faustus was asked a Question concerning Thunder._
+
+
+In the month of August there was over Wittenburg a mighty great
+lightning and thunder; and as Dr. Faustus was jesting merrily in the
+market-place with certain of his friends and companions, being
+physicians, they desired him to tell them the cause of that weather.
+Faustus answered: "It hath been commonly seen heretofore that, before a
+thunder-clap, fell a shower of rain or a gale of wind; for commonly
+after a wind falleth rain, and after rain a thunder-clap, such thickness
+come to pass when the four winds meet together in the heavens, the airy
+clouds are by force beaten against the fixed crystal firmament, but when
+the airy clouds meet with the firmament, they are congealed, and so
+strike, and rush against the firmament, as great pieces of ice when they
+meet on the water; then each other sounded in our ears, and that we call
+thunder, which indeed was none other than you have heard."
+
+
+
+
+THE THIRD AND LAST OF DR. FAUSTUS HIS MERRY CONCEITS, SHOWING AFTER WHAT
+SORT HE PRACTISED NECROMANCY IN THE COURTS OF GREAT PRINCES: AND,
+LASTLY, OF HIS FEARFUL AND PITIFUL END.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+_How the Emperor Carolus Quintus requested of Faustus to see some of his
+Cunning, whereunto he agreed._
+
+
+The Emperor Charles the Fifth of that name, was personally, with the
+rest of the nobles and gentlemen, at the town of Intzbrack, where he
+kept his court, unto the which also Dr. Faustus resorted, and being
+there well known of divers nobles and gentlemen, he was invited in the
+court to meat, even in the presence of the emperor, whom when the
+emperor saw, he looked earnestly upon him, thinking by his looks he was
+some wonderful fellow; wherefore he asked one of his nobles whom he
+should be? He answered, that he was called Dr. Faustus. Whereupon the
+emperor held his peace until he had taken his repast; after which he
+called unto him Faustus into his privy-chamber; where being come, he
+said unto him: "Faustus, I have heard much of thee, that thou art
+excellent in the black art, and none like thee in my empire; for men say
+that thou hast a familiar spirit with thee, and that thou canst do what
+thou list. It is, therefore," said the emperor, "my request of thee that
+thou let me see proof of thy experience, and I vow unto thee, by the
+honour of my imperial crown, none evil shall happen unto thee for so
+doing."
+
+Hereupon Dr. Faustus answered his Majesty, that upon those conditions he
+was ready in anything that he could to do his highness's command in what
+service he could appoint him.
+
+"Well, hear then what I say," quoth the emperor. "Being once solitary
+in my house, I called to mind my elders and ancestors, how it was
+possible for them to attain to so great a degree and authority, yea, so
+high, that we, the successors of that line, are not able to come near.
+As for example, the great and mighty monarch of the world, Alexander
+Magnus, was such a pattern and spectacle to all his successors, as the
+chronicles make mention of, having so great riches, conquering and
+subduing so many kingdoms, the which I and those that follow me (I fear)
+shall never be able to attain unto; wherefore, Faustus, my hearty desire
+is that thou wouldst vouchsafe to let me see that Alexander and his
+paramour, the which was praised to be so fair; and I pray thee show me
+them in such sort that I may see their personages, shapes, gesture and
+apparel, as they used in their lifetime, and that here before my face,
+to that end that I may say, I have my long desire fulfilled, and to
+praise thee to be a famous man in thy art and experience."
+
+Dr. Faustus answered: "My most excellent lord, I am ready to accomplish
+your request in all things, so far forth as I and my spirit are able to
+perform; yet your Majesty shall know that their dead bodies are not able
+substantially to be brought before you; but such spirits as have seen
+Alexander and his paramour alive shall appear unto you in manner and
+form as they both lived in their most flourishing time, and herewith I
+hope to please your imperial Majesty." Then Faustus went a little aside
+and spoke to his spirit, but he returned again presently, saying, "Now,
+if it please your Majesty, you shall see them, yet upon this condition,
+that you demand no question of them, nor speak unto them;" which the
+emperor agreed unto.
+
+Whereupon Dr. Faustus opened the privy-chamber door, where presently
+entered the great and mighty emperor, Alexander Magnus, in all things to
+look upon as if he had been alive; in proportion, a strong set thick
+man, of a middle stature, black hair, and that both thick and curled,
+head and beard, red cheeks, and a broad face, with eyes like a basilisk;
+he had a complete harness furnished and engraven, exceeding rich to look
+upon; and so passing towards the Emperor Carolus he made a low and
+reverend courtesy; whereat the Emperor Carolus would have stood up to
+receive and greet him with the like reverence. Faustus took hold on him,
+and would not permit him to do it. Shortly after Alexander made humble
+reverence, and went out again, and coming to the door, his paramour met
+him. She coming in, made the emperor likewise reverence. She was clothed
+in blue velvet, wrought and embroidered with pearls and gold; she was
+also excellent fair, like blood and milk mixed, tall and slender, with a
+face as round as an apple, and thus passed they certain times up and
+down the house, which the emperor marking, said to himself, "Now I have
+seen two persons which my heart hath long wished to behold; and sure it
+cannot otherwise be," said he to himself, "but that the spirits have
+changed themselves into these forms, and have but deceived me," calling
+to mind the woman that raised the prophet Samuel. And for that the
+emperor should be more satisfied in the matter, he said, "I have often
+heard that behind in her neck she had a great wart or wen;" wherefore he
+took Faustus by the hand without any words, and went to see if it were
+able to be seen on her or not; but she perceiving that he came to her,
+bowed down her neck, where he saw a great wart, and hereupon she
+vanished, leaving the emperor and the rest well contented.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus, in the sight of the Emperor, conjured a Pair of Hart's
+Horns upon a Knight's Head, that slept out at a casement._
+
+
+When Dr. Faustus had accomplished the emperor's desire in all things as
+he was requested, he went forth into the gallery, and leaning over a
+rail to look into the privy garden, he saw many of the emperor's
+courtiers walking and talking together, and casting his eyes now this
+way, now that way, he espied a knight leaning out of the window of the
+great hall, who was fast asleep (for in those days it was hot); but the
+person shall be nameless that slept, for that he was a knight, though it
+was all done to no little disgrace of the gentleman. It pleased Dr.
+Faustus, through the help of his spirit Mephistophiles, to fix on his
+head as he slept a huge pair of hart's horns; and as the knight awaked,
+thinking to pull in his head, he hit his horns against the glass,
+that the panes thereof flew about his ears. Think here how this good
+gentleman was vexed, for he could neither get backward nor forward;
+which, when the emperor heard, all the courtiers laughed, and came for
+to see what had happened. The emperor also, when he beheld the knight
+with so fair a head, laughed heartily thereat, and was therewith well
+pleased. At last Faustus made him quit of his horns again, but the
+knight perceived not how they came.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+_How the above-mentioned Knight went about to be revenged of Dr.
+Faustus._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus took his leave of the emperor and the rest of the courtiers,
+at whose departure they were sorry, giving him many rewards and gifts;
+but being a league and a half out of the city, he came into a wood,
+where he beheld the knight that he had jested with at the court with
+others in harness, mounted upon fair palfreys, and running with full
+charge towards Faustus; but he seeing their intent ran towards the
+bushes, and before he came among the bushes he returned again, running
+as it were to meet them that chased him: whereupon suddenly all the
+bushes were turned into horsemen, which also ran to encounter with the
+knight and his company, and coming to them, they enclosed the knight and
+the rest, and told them they must pay their ransom before they departed;
+whereupon the knight seeing himself in such distress, besought Faustus
+to be good to them, which he denied not but let them loose; yet he so
+charmed them, that every one, knight and other, for the space of a whole
+month did wear a pair of goat's horns on their brows, and every palfrey
+a pair of ox's horns on his head; and this was their penance appointed
+by Faustus.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+_How three young Dukes being together at Wittenburg, to behold the
+University, requested Faustus to help them at a Wish to the Town of
+Muncheon, in Bavaria, there to see the Duke of Bavaria's Son's Wedding._
+
+
+Three worthy young dukes, the which are not here to be named, but being
+students all together, at the university of Wittenburg, met on a time
+all together, where they fell in reasoning concerning the pomp and bravery
+that should be in the city of Muncheon in Bavaria, at the wedding of
+the duke's son, wishing themselves there but one half hour to see the
+manner of their jollity; to whom one replied, saying to the two other
+gentlemen, "If it please you to give me the hearing, I will give you
+good counsel, that you may see the wedding, and be here again to-night,
+and this is my meaning: let us send to Dr. Faustus, make him a present
+of some rare thing, and open our minds unto him, desiring him to assist
+us in our enterprise, and assure ye he will not deny to fulfil our
+request." Hereupon they all concluded: sent for Faustus, told him their
+minds, and gave him a gift, and invited him to a sumptuous banquet,
+wherewith Faustus was well contented, and promised to further their
+journey to the uttermost: and when the time was come that the three
+young gentlemen came into his house, commanding them that they would put
+on their best apparel, and adorn themselves as rich as they could. He
+took off his great large cloak, went into the garden that was adjoining
+unto his house, and set the three young dukes upon his cloak, and he
+himself in the midst: but he gave them in charge, that in anywise they
+should not at once open their mouths to speak, or make answer to any man
+so soon as they went out, not so much as if the Duke of Bavaria or his
+son should speak to them, or offer them courtesy, they should give no
+word or answer again; to which they all agreed.
+
+These conditions being made, Dr. Faustus began to conjure, and on a
+sudden arose a mighty wind, heaving up the cloak, and so carried them
+away in the air, and in due time they came unto Muncheon to the duke's
+court; where being entered into the utmost court, the marshal had espied
+them, who presently went to the duke, showing his grace that all the
+lords and gentlemen were ready set at the table, notwithstanding there
+were newly come three goodly gentlemen with one servant, the which stood
+without in the court, wherefore the good old duke came out unto them,
+welcoming them, requiring what they were, and whence? But they made no
+answer at all; whereat the duke wondered, thinking they had been all
+dumb: notwithstanding for his honour's sake he took them into the court,
+and feasted them. Faustus notwithstanding spake to them, "If anything
+happen otherwise than well, when I say, Sit up, then fall you all on the
+cloak, and good enough."
+
+Well, the water being brought, and that they must wash, one of the three
+had some manners as to desire his friend to wash first, which when
+Faustus heard, he said, "Sit up;" and all at once they got on the cloak,
+but he that spoke fell off again, the other two with Dr. Faustus were
+again presently at Wittenburg: but he that remained was taken and laid
+in prison: wherefore the other two gentlemen were very sorrowful for
+their friend, but Faustus comforted them, promising that on the morrow
+he should also be at Wittenburg.
+
+Now all this while was the duke taken in great fear, and strucken into
+an exceeding dumps, wondering with himself that his hap was so hard to
+be left behind, and not the rest: and now being locked and watched with
+so many keepers: there was also certain of the guests that fell to
+reasoning with him to know what he was, and also what the other were
+that were vanished away? But the poor prisoner thought with himself, "If
+I open what they are, then it will be evil also with me." Wherefore all
+this while he gave no man any answer, so that he was there a whole day
+and gave no man a word: wherefore the old duke gave charge that the next
+morning they should rack him until he had confessed; which when the
+young duke heard, he began to sorrow, and to say with himself, "It may
+be, that to-morrow (if Dr. Faustus come not to aid me) I shall be racked
+and grievously tormented, insomuch that I shall be constrained by force
+to say more than willingly I would do."
+
+But he comforted himself with hope that his friends would entreat Dr.
+Faustus about his deliverance, as also it came to pass: for that before
+it was day, Dr. Faustus was by him, and he conjured them that watched
+him into such a heavy sleep, that he with his charms made open all the
+locks in the prison, and therewithal brought the young duke again in
+safety to the rest of his fellows and friends, where they presented
+Faustus with a sumptuous gift, and so departed one from another.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus borrowed Money of a Jew, and laid his own Leg in Pawn
+for it._
+
+
+It is a common proverb in Germany that, although a conjurer have all
+things at command, the day will come that he shall not be worth a penny:
+so it is like to fall out with Dr. Faustus in promising the devil so
+largely; but as the devil is the author of all lies, even so he led
+Faustus his mind in practising things to deceive the people, and
+blinding them, wherein he took his whole delight, thereby to bring
+himself to riches. Notwithstanding, in the end he was never the richer;
+and although during twenty-four years of his time that the devil set him
+he wanted nothing, yet was he best pleased when he might deceive
+anybody; for out of the mightiest potentates' courts in all these
+countries he would send his spirit to fetch away their best cheer.
+
+And on a time, being in his merriment, where he was banqueting with
+other students in an inn, thereunto resorted many Jews; which when Dr.
+Faustus perceived, he was minded to play a merry jest to deceive a Jew,
+desiring one of them to lend him some money for a time. The Jew was
+content, and lent Faustus threescore dollars for a month, which time
+being expired, the Jew came for his money and interest; but Dr. Faustus
+was never minded to pay the Jew again. At length the Jew coming home to
+his house, and calling importunately for his money, Dr. Faustus made him
+this answer: "Jew, I have no money, nor know I how to pay thee; but
+notwithstanding to the end thou mayst be contented, I will cut off a
+limb of my body, be it arm or leg, and the same thou shalt have in pawn
+for thy money; yet with this condition, that when I shall pay thee thy
+money again, then thou shalt give me my limb."
+
+The Jew, that was never a friend to a Christian, thought with himself,
+'This fellow is right for my purpose, that will lay his limbs in
+pawn for money,' and was therewith very well content. Wherefore Dr.
+Faustus took a saw and therewith seemed to cut off his leg, being
+notwithstanding nothing so. Well, he gave it to the Jew, yet upon this
+condition, when he got money to pay the Jew should deliver him his leg,
+to the end he might set it on again.
+
+The Jew was with this matter very well pleased, took his leg and
+departed; and having to go far home he was somewhat weary, and by the
+way he thus bethought him: "What helpeth me a knave's leg? If I should
+carry it home it would stink and infect my house; besides, it is too
+hard a piece of work to set it on again: wherefore, what an ass was
+Faustus to lay so great a pawn for so small a sum of money! And for my
+part," quoth the Jew to himself, "this will never profit me anything;"
+and with these words he cast the leg away from him into a ditch.
+
+All this Dr. Faustus knew right well, therefore within three days after
+sent for the Jew to make him payment of his sixty dollars. The Jew
+came, and Dr. Faustus demanded his pawn--there was his money ready for
+him. The Jew answered, "The pawn was not profitable nor necessary for
+anything, so I cast it away." But Faustus, threatening, replied, "I will
+have my leg again, or else one of thine for it." The Jew fell to
+intreat, promising him to give him what money he would ask if he would
+not deal strictly with him. Wherefore the Jew was constrained to give
+him sixty dollars more to be rid of him; and yet Faustus had his leg on,
+for he had but blinded the Jew.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus deceived the Horse-courser._
+
+
+After this manner he deceived a horse-courser at a fair, called
+Pheifering: for Faustus, through his conjuring, had gotten an excellent
+fair horse, whereupon he rid to the fair, where he had many chapmen that
+offered him money; lastly, he sold him for forty dollars, and willing
+him that bought him, that in anywise he should not ride him over the
+water. But the horse-courser marvelled with himself that Faustus bade
+him ride over no water. "But," quoth he, "I will prove;" and forthwith
+he rid him into the river. Presently the horse vanished from under him,
+and he was left on a bottle of straw, insomuch that the man was almost
+drowned.
+
+The horse-courser knew well where he lay that had sold him his horse;
+whereupon he went angerly to his inn, where he found Dr. Faustus fast
+asleep and snorting on a bed. But the horse-courser could no longer
+forbear him, but took him by the leg and began to pull him off the bed;
+but he pulled him so that he pulled his leg from his body, insomuch that
+the horse-courser fell backwards in the place. Then began Dr. Faustus to
+cry with open throat, "He hath murdered me." Hereat the horse-courser
+was afraid, and gave the flight, thinking no other with himself but that
+he had pulled his leg from his body. By this means Dr. Faustus kept his
+money.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus ate a Load of Hay._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus being at a town in Germany called Zwickow, where he was
+accompanied with many doctors and masters, and going forth to walk
+after supper, they met with a clown that drew a load of hay.
+
+"Good even, good fellow," said Faustus to the clown, "what shall I give
+thee to let me eat my bellyful of hay?" The clown thought with himself,
+"What a madman is this to eat hay." Thought he with himself, "Thou wilt
+not eat much." They agreed for three farthings he should eat as much as
+he could.
+
+Wherefore Dr. Faustus began to eat, and so ravenously, that all the rest
+of the company fell a-laughing; blinding so the poor clown that he was
+sorry at his heart, for he seemed to have eaten more than half of the
+hay; wherefore the clown began to speak him fair, for fear he should
+have eaten the other half also. Faustus made as though he had pity on
+the clown, and went away. When the clown came in the place where he
+would be, he had his hay again as he had before, a full load.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus served the Twelve Students._
+
+
+At Wittenburg, before Faustus's house, there was a quarrel between seven
+students, and five that came to part the rest, one part stronger than
+the other. Wherefore Dr. Faustus, seeing them to be over-matched, conjured
+them all blind, insomuch that the one could not see the other, and he
+dealt so with them, that they fought and smote at one another still;
+whereat all the beholders fell a-laughing; and thus they continued
+blind, beating one another until the people parted them and led each one
+to his own house, where being entered into their houses, they received
+their sight presently again.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus served the Drunken Clowns._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus went into an inn wherein were many tables full of clowns,
+the which were tippling can after can of excellent wine; and to be
+short, they were all drunken; and as they sate, they so sang and
+holloaed, that one could not hear a man speak for them. This angered Dr.
+Faustus; wherefore he said to them that called him in, "Mark, my
+masters, I will show a merry jest."
+
+The clowns continued still holloaing and singing; he conjured them
+that their mouths stood as wide open as it was possible for them to
+hold them, and never a one of them was able to close his mouth again;
+by-and-by the noise was gone; the clowns notwithstanding looked earnest
+one upon another, and knew not what was happened. One by one they went
+out, and so soon as they came without, they were all as well as ever
+they were, but none of them desired to go in any more.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus sold five Swine for six Dollars apiece._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus began another jest. He made ready five fat swine the which
+he sold to one for six dollars apiece, upon this condition, that the
+swine-driver should not drive them into the water. Dr. Faustus went
+home again, and as the swine had fouled themselves in the mud, the
+swine-driver drove them into the water, where presently they were
+changed into so many bundles of straw, swimming upright in the water.
+The buyer looked wistfully upon them, and was sorry in his heart; but
+he knew not where to find Faustus; so he was content to let all go, and
+lose both money and hogs.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus played a merry Jest with the Duke of Anhalt in his
+Court._
+
+Dr. Faustus on a time went to the Duke of Anhalt, who welcomed him
+very courteously. This was in the month of January; where sitting at
+table, he perceived the duchess to be with child; and forbearing himself
+until the meat was taken from the table, and that they brought in the
+banqueting dishes, Dr. Faustus said to the duchess, "Gracious lady, I
+have always heard that women with child do always long for some
+dainties; I beseech therefore your grace, hide not your mind from me,
+but tell me what you desire to eat."
+
+She answered him: "Dr. Faustus, now truly I will not hide from you what
+my heart doth much desire; namely, that if it were now harvest, I would
+eat my fill of grapes and other dainty fruit."
+
+Dr. Faustus answered hereupon: "Gracious lady, this is a small thing for
+me to do, for I can do more than this." Wherefore he took a plate and
+set it upon one of the casements of the window, holding it forth, where
+incontinent he had his dish full of all manner of fruit, as red and
+white grapes, pears, and apples, the which came from out of strange
+countries. All these he presented to the duchess, saying: "Madam, I pray
+you vouchsafe to taste of this dainty fruit, the which came from a far
+country, for there the summer is not yet ended." The duchess thanked
+Faustus highly, and she fell to her fruit with full appetite.
+
+The Duke of Anhalt notwithstanding could not withhold to ask Faustus
+with what reason there were such young fruits to be had at that time of
+the year?
+
+Dr. Faustus told him: "May it please your grace to understand, that the
+year is divided into two circles of the whole world, that when with us
+it is winter, in the contrary circle it is notwithstanding summer; for
+in India and Saba there falleth or setteth a sun, so that it is so warm,
+that they have twice a year fruit; and, gracious lord, I have a swift
+spirit, the which can in a twinkling of an eye fulfil my desire in
+anything; wherefore I sent him into those countries, who hath brought
+this fruit as you see;" whereat the duke greatly admired.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus, through his Charms, made a great Castle in the
+presence of the Duke of Anhalt._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus desired the Duke of Anhalt to walk a little forth of the
+court with him; wherefore they went together in the field, where Dr.
+Faustus (through his skill) had placed a mighty castle, which when the
+duke saw he wondered thereat, so did the duchess and all the beholders,
+that on that hill which is called Rohumbuel, should on the sudden be so
+fair a castle. At length Dr. Faustus desired the duke and duchess to
+walk with him into the castle, which they denied not. This castle was so
+wonderful strong, having about it a great deep trench of water, the
+which was full of fish, and all manner of water-fowl, as swans, ducks,
+geese, bitterns, and such like; about the wall was five stone doors, and
+two other doors also; within was a great open court, wherein was
+enchanted all manner of wild beasts, especially such as was not to be
+found in Germany, as apes, bears, buffes, antelopes, and many more
+strange beasts; also there were harts, hinds, roebucks, and does, and
+wild swine; all manner of land-fowl that any man could think on, which
+flew from one tree to another.
+
+After all this he set his guests to the table, being the duke and
+duchess, with all their train, for he had provided them a most sumptuous
+feast both of meat, and also of drink; for he set nine messes of meat
+upon the board at once. And all this must his Wagner do, to place all
+things on the board, the which was brought unto him by the spirit
+invisibly, of all things their hearts could desire, as wild-fowl,
+venison, and all manner of dainty fish that could be thought on. Of wine
+also great plenty, and of divers sorts, French wine, Cullen wine,
+Crabashir wine, Renish wine, Spanish wine, Hungarian wine, Waszburg
+wine, Malmsey, and Sack; in the whole there was one hundred cans
+standing round about the house.
+
+This sumptuous banquet the duke took thankfully, and afterwards he
+departed homeward; but to their thinking they had neither eat nor drank,
+so were they blinded while they were in the castle. But as they were in
+their palace, they looked towards the castle, and beheld it all on a
+flame of fire, and all those that saw it wondered to hear so strange a
+noise, as if a great ordnance had been shot off. And thus the castle
+burned and consumed clean away; which done, Dr. Faustus returned to the
+duke, who gave him great thanks for showing of him so great a courtesy,
+and gave him a hundred dollars, and liberty to depart or stay there at
+his own discretion.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus, with his Company, visited the Bishop of Salisburg's
+Wine-cellar._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus having taken leave of the duke, he went to Wittenburg,
+near about Shrovetide, and being in company with certain students, Dr.
+Faustus was himself the God of Bacchus, who having well feasted the
+students before with dainty fare, after the manner of Germany, where it
+is counted no feast unless all the bidden guests be drunk, which Dr.
+Faustus intending, said, "Gentlemen, and my guests, will it please you
+to take a cup of wine with me in a place or cellar whereunto I will
+bring you?" They all said willingly, "We will;" which, when Dr. Faustus
+heard, he took them forth, set each of them upon a holly-wand, and so
+was conjured into the Bishop of Salisburg's cellar, for thereabouts grew
+excellent pleasant wine. There fell Faustus and his company a-drinking
+and swilling, not of the worst, but of the best.
+
+And as they were merry in the cellar, came to draw drink the bishop's
+butler; which when he perceived so many persons there, he cried with a
+loud voice, "Thieves, thieves!" This spited Dr. Faustus wonderfully,
+wherefore he made every one of his company to sit on their holly-wand,
+and so vanished away. And in parting, Dr. Faustus took the butler by the
+hair of the head, and carried him away with them, until they came to a
+mighty high-lopped tree; and on the top of that huge tree he set the
+butler, where he remained in a most fearful perplexity.
+
+Dr. Faustus departed to his house, where they took their valete one
+after another, drinking the wine that they had stolen in their bottles
+out of the bishop's cellar. The butler, that had held himself by the
+hands upon the lopped tree all the night, was almost frozen with the
+cold, espying the day, and seeing the tree of huge great highness,
+thought with himself, "It is impossible to come off this tree without
+peril of death." At length, espying certain clowns passing by, he cried,
+"For the love of God help me down!" The clowns, seeing him so high,
+wondered what madman would climb up so huge a tree; wherefore, as a
+thing most miraculous, they carried tidings to the Bishop of Salisburg.
+Then was there great running on every side to see him on the tree, and
+many devices they practised to get him down with ropes, and being
+demanded of the bishop how he came there, he said that he was brought
+thither, by the hair of the head, by certain thieves that were robbing
+of the wine-cellar, but what they were he knew not; "for," said he,
+"they had faces like men, but they wrought like devils."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus kept his Shrovetide._
+
+
+There were seven students and masters that studied divinity,
+jurisprudentiæ, and medicinæ. All these having consented, were agreed to
+visit Dr. Faustus, and to celebrate Shrovetide with him; who being come
+to his house, he gave them their welcome, for they were his dear
+friends, desiring them to sit down, where he served them with a very
+good supper of hens, fish, and other roast, yet were they but slightly
+cheered; wherefore Dr. Faustus comforted his guests, excusing himself
+that they had stolen upon him so suddenly, that he had not leisure to
+provide for them so well as they were worthy. "But, my good friends,"
+quoth he, "according to the use of our country, we must drink all this
+night; and so a draught of the best wine bedwards is commendable. For
+you know that in great potentates' courts they use at this night great
+feasting, the like will I do for you; for I have three great flagons of
+wine: the first is full of Hungarian wine, containing eight gallons; the
+second of Italian wine, containing seven gallons; the third containing
+six gallons of Spanish wine; all the which we will tipple up before it
+be day. Besides, we have fifteen dishes of meat, the which my spirit
+Mephistophiles hath fetched so far, that it was cold before he brought
+it, and they are all full of the daintiest things that one's heart can
+devise. But," saith Faustus, "I must make them hot again; and you may
+believe me, gentlemen, that this is no blinding of you; whereas you
+think that this is no natural food, verily it is as good and as pleasant
+as ever you eat."
+
+And having ended his tale, he commanded his boy to lay his cloth, which
+done, he served them with fifteen messes of meat, having three dishes in
+a mess; in the which were all manner of venison, and dainty wild-fowl;
+and for wine there was no lack, as Italian wine, Hungarian wine, and
+Spanish wine; and when they were all made drunk, and that they had eaten
+their good cheer, they began to sing and dance until it was day. And so
+they departed every one to his own habitation; at whose departing, Dr.
+Faustus desired them to be his guests again the next day following.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus feasted his Guests on Ash Wednesday._
+
+
+Upon Ash Wednesday came unto Dr. Faustus his bidden guests, the students,
+whom he feasted very royally, insomuch that they were all full and
+lusty, dancing and singing as the night before; and when the high
+glasses and goblets were caroused one to another, Dr. Faustus began to
+play them some pretty feats, insomuch that round about the hall was
+heard most pleasant music, and that in sundry places: in this corner a
+lute, in another a cornet, in another a cittern, clarigols, harp,
+hornpipe, in fine, all manner of music was heard there in that instant;
+whereat all the glasses and goblets, cups, and pots, dishes, and all
+that stood upon the board began to dance. Then Dr. Faustus took ten
+stone pots and set them down on the floor, where presently they began to
+dance, and to smite one against another, that the shivers flew round
+about the whole house, whereat the whole company fell a-laughing. Then
+began he another jest: he set an instrument upon the table, and caused a
+mighty great ape to come among them, which ape began to dance and skip,
+showing them merry conceits.
+
+In this and such pastime they passed away the whole day. When night
+being come Dr. Faustus bid them all to supper, which they lightly agreed
+unto, for students in these cases are easily intreated; wherefore he
+promised to feast them with a banquet of fowl, and afterwards they would
+go all about with a mask. Then Dr. Faustus put forth a long pole out of
+the window, whereupon presently there came innumerable numbers of birds
+and wild-fowl, and so many as came had not the power to fly away again;
+but he took them and flung them to the students, who lightly pulled off
+the necks of them, and being roasted, they made their supper, which
+being ended, they made themselves ready for the mask.
+
+Dr. Faustus commanded every one to put on a clean shirt over the other
+clothes, which being done, they looked one upon another. It seemed to
+each one of them that they had no heads; and so they went forth unto
+certain of their neighbours, at which sight the people were most
+wonderfully afraid; and as the use of Germany is, that wheresoever a
+mask entereth the good man of the house must feast him, so as these
+maskers were set to their banquet, they seemed again in their former
+shape with heads, insomuch that they were all known whom they were; and
+having sat and well eat and drank, Dr. Faustus made that every one had
+an ass's head on, with great long ears, so they fell to dancing and to
+drive away the time until it was midnight, and then every one departed
+home; and as soon as they were out of the house, each one was in his
+natural shape, and so they ended and went to sleep.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus the Day following was feasted by the Students, and of
+his merry Jests with them while he was in their Company._
+
+
+The last bacchanalia was held on Thursday, where ensued a great snow,
+and Dr. Faustus was invited unto the students that were with him the day
+before, where they prepared an excellent banquet for him, which banquet
+being ended, Dr. Faustus began to play his old projects. And forthwith
+was in the place thirteen apes, that took hands and danced round in
+a ring together; then they fell to tumbling and vaulting one after
+another, that it was most pleasant to behold; then they leaped out of
+the window and vanished away. Then they set before Dr. Faustus a roasted
+calf's head, which one of the students cut a piece off, and laid it on
+Dr. Faustus his trencher, which piece was no sooner laid down but the
+calf's head began to cry mainly out like a man, "Murder, murder! Out,
+alas! what dost thou to me?" Whereat they were all amazed, but after a
+while, considering of Faustus's jesting tricks, they began to laugh, and
+they pulled asunder the calf's head and eat it up.
+
+Whereupon Dr. Faustus asked leave to depart, but they would in nowise
+agree to let him go, except that he would promise to come again
+presently. Then Faustus, through his cunning, made a sledge, the which
+was drawn about the house with four fiery dragons. This was fearful for
+the students to behold, for they saw Faustus ride up and down, as though
+he would have fired and slain all them that were in the house. This
+sport continued until midnight, with such a noise that they could not
+hear one another; the heads of the students were so light that they
+thought themselves to be in the air all that time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus showed the fair Helena unto the Students upon the
+Sunday following._
+
+
+The Sunday following came the students home to Dr. Faustus his own
+house, and brought their meat and drink with them. Those men were right
+welcome guests unto Faustus, wherefore they all fell to drinking of wine
+smoothly; and being merry, they began some of them to talk of beauty of
+women, and every one gave forth his verdict what he had seen, and what
+he had heard. So one amongst the rest said, "I was never so desirous of
+anything in this world as to have a sight (if it were possible) of fair
+Helena of Greece, for whom the worthy town of Troy was destroyed and
+razed down to the ground; therefore," saith he, "that in all men's
+judgments she was more than commonly fair, because that when she was
+stolen away from her husband there was for her recovery so great
+bloodshed."
+
+Dr. Faustus answered: "For that you are all my friends, and are so
+desirous to see that stately pearl of Greece, fair Helena, the wife to
+King Menelaus, and daughter of Tyndarus and Leda, sister to Castor and
+Pollux, who was the fairest lady of all Greece, I will therefore bring
+her into your presence personally, and in the same form and attire as
+she used to go when she was in her chiefest flower and choicest prime
+of youth. The like have I done for the Emperor Carolus Magnus; at his
+desire I showed him Alexander the Great, and his paramour. But," said
+Dr. Faustus, "I charge you all that upon your perils you speak not a
+word, nor rise up from the table so long as she is in your presence."
+
+And so he went out of the hall, returning presently again, after whom
+immediately followed the fair and beautiful Helena, whose beauty was
+such that the students were all amazed to see her, esteeming her rather
+to be an heavenly than an earthly creature. This lady appeared before
+them in a most rich gown of purple velvet, costly embroidered; her hair
+hanging down loose, as fair as the beaten gold, and of such length that
+it reached down to her hams; having most amorous coal-black eyes; a
+sweet and pleasant round face, with lips as red as any cherry; her
+cheeks of a rose colour, her mouth small; her neck white like a swan,
+tall and slender of personage; in sum, there was no imperfect place in
+her. She looked round about her with a rolling hawk's eye, a smiling and
+wanton countenance, which near hand inflamed the hearts of all the
+students, but that they persuaded themselves she was a spirit, which
+made them lightly pass away such fancies; and thus fair Helena and
+Faustus went out again one with another.
+
+But the students, at Faustus entering in the hall again, requested him
+to let them see her again the next day, for that they will bring with
+them a painter to take a counterfeit, which he denied, affirming that he
+could not always raise up his spirit, but only at certain times. "Yet,"
+said he, "I will give unto you her counterfeit, which shall be as good
+to you as if yourself should see the drawing thereof;" which they
+received according to his promise, but soon after lost it again. The
+students departed from Faustus to their several lodgings, but none of
+them could sleep that night for thinking of the beauty of fair Helena;
+therefore a man may see how the devil blindeth and inflameth the heart
+oftentimes, that men fall in love with harlots, from which their minds
+can afterwards be hardly removed.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus conjured the four Wheels from the Clown's Waggon._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus was sent for to come to the Marshal of Brunswick, who was
+marvellously troubled with the falling sickness. Now Faustus had this
+quality, he seldom rid, but commonly walked afoot to ease himself when
+he list; and as he came near unto the town of Brunswick there overtook
+him a clown with four horses and an empty waggon, to whom Dr. Faustus
+(jestingly, to try him) said: "I pray thee, good fellow, let me ride a
+little to ease my weary legs;" which the buzzardly ass denied, saying
+that his horse was weary; and he would not let him get up.
+
+Dr. Faustus did this but to prove this clown if there were any courtesy
+to be found in him if need were; but such churlishness is usually found
+among clowns. But he was well requited by Faustus, even with the like
+payment: for he said to him, "Thou dotish clown, void of all humanity,
+seeing thou art of so churlish a disposition, I will pay thee as thou
+hast deserved, for the four wheels of thy waggon thou shalt have taken
+from thee; let me see then how thou canst shift." Whereupon his wheels
+were gone, his horses fell also down to the ground as though they had
+been dead; whereat the clown was sore affrighted, measuring it as a
+just scourge of God for his sins and churlishness. Wherefore with a
+trembling and wailing he humbly besought Dr. Faustus to be good unto
+him, confessing he was worthy of it; notwithstanding if it pleased him
+to forgive him he would hereafter do better. Which submission made
+Faustus his heart to relent, answering him on this manner: "Well, do so
+no more; but when a poor man desireth thee, see that thou let him ride.
+But yet thou shalt not go altogether clear, for although thou have again
+thy four wheels, yet thou shalt fetch them at the four gates of the
+city." So he threw dust on the horses and revived them again. And the
+clown for his churlishness was fain to fetch his wheels, spending his
+time with weariness; whereas if before he had showed a little kindness
+he might quietly have gone about his business.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+_How four Jugglers cut one another's Heads off, and set them on again,
+and Faustus deceived them._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus came in Lent unto Frankland fair, where his spirit
+Mephistophiles gave him to understand that in an inn were four jugglers
+that cut one another's heads off: and after their cutting off sent them
+to the barber to be trimmed, which many people saw.
+
+This angered Faustus, for he meant to have himself the only cook in the
+devil's banquet, and went to the place where they were, to beguile them,
+and as the jugglers were together, ready one to cut off another's head,
+there stood also the barber ready to trim them, and by them upon the
+table stood likewise a glass full of stilled waters, and he that was the
+chiefest among them stood by it. Thus they began; they smote off the
+head of the first, and presently there was a lily in the glass of
+distilled water, where Faustus perceived this lily as it was springing,
+and the chief juggler named it the tree of life. Thus dealt he with the
+first, making the barber wash and comb his head, and then he set it on
+again. Presently the lily vanished away out of the water; hereat the man
+had his head whole and sound again. The like did he with the other
+two; and as the turn and lot came to the chief juggler, that he also
+should be beheaded, and that this lily was most pleasant, fair, and
+flourishing green, they smote his head off, and when it came to be
+barbed, it troubled Faustus his conscience, insomuch that he could not
+abide to see another do anything, for he thought himself to be the
+principal conjurer in the world; wherefore Dr. Faustus went to the table
+whereat the other jugglers kept that lily, and so he took a small knife
+and cut off the stalk of the lily, saying to himself, "None of them
+shall blind Faustus." Yet no man saw Faustus to cut the lily; but when
+the rest of the jugglers thought to have set on their master's head,
+they could not; wherefore they looked on the lily, and found it
+bleeding. By this means the juggler was beguiled, and so died in his
+wickedness; yet no one thought that Dr. Faustus had done it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+
+_How an old Man, the Neighbour of Faustus, sought to persuade him to
+mend his Life, and to fall unto Repentance._
+
+
+A good Christian, an honest and virtuous old man, a lover of the Holy
+Scriptures, who was neighbour to Dr. Faustus, when he perceived that
+many students had their recourse in and out unto Dr. Faustus, he
+suspected his evil life, wherefore like a friend he invited Dr. Faustus
+to supper unto his house, to which he agreed, and having entered their
+banquet, the old man began with these words:
+
+"My loving friend and neighbour, Dr. Faustus, I am to desire of you a
+friendly and Christian request, beseeching you would vouchsafe not to be
+angry with me, but friendly resolve me in my doubt, and take my poor
+inviting in good part."
+
+To whom Dr. Faustus answered, "My good neighbour, I pray you say your
+mind."
+
+Then began the old patron to say, "My good neighbour, you know in the
+beginning how that you have defied God and all the host of heaven, and
+given your soul to the devil, wherewith you have incurred God's high
+displeasure, and are become from a Christian far worse than a heathen
+person. Oh! consider what you have done, it is not only the pleasure of
+the body, but the safety of the soul that you must have respect unto; of
+which, if you be careless, then are you cast away, and shall remain in
+the anger of the Almighty God. But yet it is time enough, O Faustus! if
+you repent, and call upon the Lord for mercy, as we have example in the
+Acts of the Apostles, the eighth chapter, of Simon in Samaria, who was
+led out of the way, affirming that he was Simon homo sanctus. This man
+notwithstanding in the end, was converted, after he had heard the sermon
+of Philip, for he was baptized and saw his sin and repented. Likewise I
+beseech you, good brother, Dr. Faustus, let my rude sermon be unto you a
+conversion, and forget thy filthy life that thou hast led, repent, ask
+mercy, and live: for Christ saith, 'Come unto me all ye that are weary
+and heavy laden, and I will refresh you.' And in Ezekiel, 'I desire not
+the death of a sinner, but rather that he will convert and live.' Let my
+words, good brother Faustus, pierce into your adamant heart, and desire
+God for his Son Christ his sake to forgive you. Wherefore have you lived
+so long in your devilish practices, knowing that in the Old and New
+Testament you are forbidden, and men should not suffer any such to live,
+neither have any conversation with them, for it is an abomination unto
+the Lord, and that such persons have no part in the kingdom of God."
+
+All this while Dr. Faustus heard him very attentively, and replied:
+"Father, your persuasions like me wondrous well, and I thank you with
+all my heart for your good will and counsel, promising you, as far as I
+may, to allow your discipline." Whereupon he took his leave, and being
+come home, he laid him very pensive on his bed, bethinking himself of
+the words of this old man, and in a manner began to repent that he had
+given his soul to the devil, intending to deny all that he had promised
+to Lucifer.
+
+Continuing in these cogitations, suddenly his spirit appeared unto him,
+clapping him upon the head, and wrung it as though he would have pulled
+his head from his shoulders, saying unto him, "Thou knowest, Faustus,
+that thou hast given thyself, body and soul, to my lord Lucifer, and
+thou hast vowed thyself an enemy to God and to all men; and now thou
+beginnest to hearken to an old doting fool, which persuadeth thee as it
+were to good, when indeed it is too late, for thou art the devil's, and
+he hath great power presently to fetch thee. Wherefore he hath sent me
+unto thee to tell thee, that seeing thou hast sorrowed for that which
+thou hast done, begin again, and write another writing with thine own
+blood; if not, then will I tear thee in pieces."
+
+Hereat Dr. Faustus was sore afraid, and said, "My Mephistophiles, I will
+write again what thou wilt." Then presently he sat him down, and with
+his own blood wrote as followeth: which writing was afterwards sent to a
+dear friend of Faustus, being his kinsman.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus wrote the second time with his own Blood, and gave it
+to the Devil._
+
+
+I, Dr. John Faustus, _do acknowledge by this my deed and handwriting,
+that since my first writing, which is seventeen years past, I have right
+willingly held, and have been an utter enemy to God and all men; the
+which I once again confirm, and give fully and wholly myself unto the
+devil, both body and soul, even unto great Lucifer, and that at the end
+of seven years ensuing after the date hereof, he shall have to do with
+me according as it pleaseth him, either to lengthen or shorten my life
+as it pleaseth him; and hereupon I renounce all persuaders, that seek to
+withdraw me from my purpose by the word of God, either ghostly or bodily;
+and farther I will never give ear to any man, be he spiritual or
+temporal, that moveth any matter for the salvation of my soul. Of all
+this writing, and that therein contained, be witness my blood, which
+with my own hands I have begun and ended. Dated at Wittenburg, the 25th
+of July._
+
+And presently upon the making of this writing, he became so great an
+enemy to the poor old man, that he sought his life by all means
+possible; but this good old man was strong in the Holy Ghost, that he
+could not be vanquished by any means; for about two days after that he
+had exhorted Faustus, as the poor old man lay in his bed, suddenly there
+was a mighty rumbling in the chamber, which he was never wont to hear,
+and he heard as it had been the groaning of a sow, which lasted long:
+whereupon the good old man began to jest and mock, and said, "Oh! what
+barbarian cry is this? Oh, fair bird! what foul music is this? A fair
+angel, that could not tarry two days in this place? Beginnest thou now
+to turn into a poor man's house, where thou hast no power, and wert not
+able to keep thine own two days?" With these and such like words the
+spirit departed; and when he came home, Faustus asked him how he had
+sped with the old man, to whom the spirit answered: "The old man was
+harnessed so, that he could not once lay hold upon him;" but he would
+not tell how the old man had mocked him, for the devils can never abide
+to hear of their fall. Thus doth God defend the hearts of all honest
+Christians that betake themselves to his tuition.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER L.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus made a Marriage between two Lovers._
+
+
+In the city of Wittenburg was a student, a gallant gentleman, named N.
+N. This gentleman was far in love with a gentlewoman, fair and proper of
+personage: this gentlewoman had a knight that was a suitor unto her, and
+many other gentlemen, which desired her in marriage, but none could
+obtain her. So it was that in despair with himself, that he pined away
+to skin and bones.
+
+But when he opened the matter to Dr. Faustus, he asked counsel of his
+spirit Mephistophiles, the which told him what to do. Hereupon Dr.
+Faustus went home to the gentleman, who bade him be of good cheer, for
+he should have his desire, for he would help him to that he wished
+for, and that this gentlewoman should love none other but him only:
+wherefore Dr. Faustus so changed the mind of the damsel by the practice
+he wrought, that she could do no other thing but think on him whom
+before she had hated, neither cared she for any man but him alone. The
+device was thus: Faustus commanded the gentleman that he should clothe
+himself in all the best apparel that he had, and that he should go unto
+the gentlewoman and show himself, giving him a ring, commanding him in
+anywise that he should dance with her before he departed; who following
+his counsel, went to her, and when they began to dance, they that were
+suitors began to take every one his lady by the hand; this gentleman
+took her who before had so disdained him, and in the dance he put the
+ring into her hand that Faustus had given him, which she no sooner
+touched, but she fell presently in love with him, smiling at him in the
+dance, and many times winking at him, rolling her eyes, and in the end
+she asked him if he could love her, and make her his wife. He gladly
+answered that he was content; whereupon they concluded, and were married
+by the means and help of Faustus, for which the gentleman well rewarded
+him.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus led his Friends into his Garden at Christmas, and
+showed them many strange Sights, in the nineteenth Year._
+
+
+In December, about Christmas, in the city of Wittenburg, were many young
+gentlemen, which were come out of the country to be merry with their
+friends, amongst whom there were certain well acquainted with Dr. Faustus,
+who often invited them home unto his house. They being there on a certain
+time, after dinner he had them into his garden, where they beheld all
+manner of flowers and fresh herbs, and trees bearing fruit, and blossoms
+of all sorts; who wondered to see that his garden should so flourish at
+that time, as in the midst of the summer, when abroad in the streets and
+all the country lay full of snow and ice; wherefore this was noted of
+them as a thing miraculous, every one gathering and carrying away all
+such things as they best liked, and so departed, delighted with their
+sweet-smelling flowers.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus gathered together a great Army of Men in his extremity,
+against a Knight that would have Conjured him on his own Journey._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus travelled towards Evzeleben, and when he was nigh half the
+way, he espied seven horsemen, and the chief of them he knew to be the
+knight with whom he had jested in the emperor's court, for he had left
+a great pair of hart's horns upon his head; and when the knight now saw
+that he had a fit opportunity to be revenged of Faustus, he ran upon
+him, and those that were with him, to mischief himself, intending
+privily to slay him; which when Faustus espied, he vanished away into a
+wood that was hard by them, but when the knight perceived that he
+was vanished away, he caused his men to stand still; but where they
+remained, they heard all manner of warlike instruments of music, as
+drums, flutes, trumpets, and such like, and a certain troop of horsemen
+running towards them; then they turned another way, and were also met on
+that side; then another way, and yet were freshly assaulted, so that
+which way soever they turned themselves, they were encountered, insomuch
+that when the knight perceived that he could escape no way, but that his
+enemies lay on him which way soever he offered to fly, he took good
+heart, and ran amongst the thickest, and thought with himself better to
+die than to live with so great infamy; therefore being at handy blows
+with them, he demanded the cause why they should so use them? But none
+of them would give him answer, until Dr. Faustus showed himself unto the
+knight; whereupon they enclosed him round, and Dr. Faustus said unto
+him, "Sir, yield your weapon and yourself, otherwise it will go hard
+with you."
+
+The knight knew no other but that he was conjured with a host of men,
+whereas indeed they were none other but devils, yielded; then Faustus
+took away his sword, his piece, and horse, with all the rest of his
+companions. And farther he said unto him: "Sir, the chiefest general of
+our army hath commanded me to deal with you, according to the law of
+arms; you shall depart in peace, whither you please." And then he gave
+the knight a horse, after the manner, and set him thereon, so he rode,
+the rest went on foot, until they came to their inn where he being
+alighted, his page rode on his horse to the water, and presently the
+horse vanished away, the page being almost sunk and drowned, but he
+escaped; and coming home, the knight perceiving the page to be bemired,
+and on foot, asked where his horse was; who answered, that he was
+vanished away. Which when the knight heard, he said, "Of a truth this is
+Faustus his doing, for he serveth me now, as he did before at the court,
+only to make me a scorn and laughing-stock."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus used Mephistophiles, to bring him seven of the fairest
+Women he could find in all the Countries he had travelled the twenty
+Years._
+
+
+When Dr. Faustus called to mind that his time from day to day drew nigh,
+he began to live a swinish and epicurish life. Wherefore he commanded
+his spirit Mephistophiles to bring him seven of the fairest women that
+he had seen in all the times of his travel; which being brought, he
+liked them so well that he continued with them in all manner of love,
+and made them to travel with him all his journeys. These women were two
+Netherland, one Hungarian, one Scottish, two Walloon, one Franklander.
+And with these sweet personages he continued long, yea, even to his last
+end.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus found a Mass of Money, when he had consumed twenty-two
+of his Years._
+
+
+To the end that the devil would make Faustus his only heir, he showed
+unto him where he should go and find a mighty huge mass of money, and
+that he should find it in an old chapel that was fallen down, half a
+mile distance from Wittenburg. There he bade him to dig, and he should
+find it, which he did; and having digged reasonable deep, he saw a
+mighty huge serpent, which lay on the treasure itself; the treasure
+itself lay like a huge light burning; but Dr. Faustus charmed the
+serpent, that he crept into a hole, and when he digged deeper to get up
+the treasure, he found nothing but coals of fire. There he also saw and
+heard many that were tormented; yet notwithstanding he brought away the
+coals, and when he was come home, it was turned into silver and gold;
+and after his death it was found by his servant, which was almost, by
+estimation, one thousand guilders.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LV.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus made the Spirit of fair Helena of Greece his own
+Paramour in his twenty-third Year._
+
+
+To the end that this miserable Faustus might fill the lust of his flesh
+and live in all manner of voluptuous pleasure, it came in his mind,
+after he had slept his first sleep, and in the twenty-third year past
+of his time, that he had a great desire to lie with fair Helena of
+Greece, especially her whom he had seen and shown unto the students at
+Wittenburg; wherefore he called his spirit Mephistophiles, commanding
+him to bring to him the fair Helena, which he also did.
+
+Whereupon he fell in love with her, and made her his common companion,
+for she was so beautiful and delightful that he could not be an hour
+from her; if he should therefore have suffered death, she had stolen
+away his heart, and to his seeming in time she had child, whom Faustus
+named Justus Faustus. The child told Dr. Faustus many things which were
+done in foreign countries, but in the end, when Faustus lost his life,
+the mother and the child vanished away both together.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LVI.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus made his Will, in which he named his Servant Wagner to
+be his Heir._
+
+
+Dr. Faustus was now in his twenty-fourth and last year, and he had
+a pretty stripling to his servant, which had studied also at the
+university of Wittenburg. This youth was very well acquainted with
+his knaveries and sorceries, so that he was hated as well for his
+own knavery as also for his master's, for no man would give him
+entertainment into his service because of his unhappiness but Faustus.
+This Wagner was so well beloved of Faustus that he used him as his son,
+for do what he would, his master was always therewith contented.
+
+And then when the time drew nigh that Faustus should end, he called unto
+him a notary and certain masters, the which were his friends and often
+conversant with him, in whose presence he gave this Wagner his house and
+garden. Item, he gave him in ready money sixteen thousand guilders.
+Item, one farm. Item, a gold chain, much plate, and other household
+stuff, that gave he to his servant, and the rest of his time he meant to
+spend in inns and students' company, drinking and eating, with other
+jollity. And thus he finished his will at that time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LVII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus fell in talk with his Servant, touching his Testament,
+and the Covenants thereof._
+
+
+Now when this will was made, Dr. Faustus called unto his servant,
+saying, "I have thought upon thee in my testament, for that thou hast
+been a trusty servant unto me, and faithful, and hast not opened my
+secrets. And yet farther," said he, "ask of me before I die what thou
+wilt, and I will give it unto thee."
+
+His servant rashly answered, "I pray you, let me have your cunning."
+
+To which Dr. Faustus answered, "I have given thee all my books, upon
+this condition, that thou wouldst not let them be common, but use them
+for thy own pleasure, and study carefully in them; and dost thou also
+desire my cunning? That thou mayst peradventure have, if thou love and
+peruse my books well."
+
+"Farther," said Dr. Faustus, "seeing that thou desirest of me this
+request, I will resolve thee. My spirit Mephistophiles his time is out
+with me, and I have nought to command him, as touching thee. Yet I will
+help thee to another if thou like well thereof."
+
+And within three days after he called his servant unto him, saying, "Art
+thou resolved? wouldst thou verily have a spirit? Then tell me in what
+manner or form thou wouldst have him." To whom his servant answered that
+he would have him in the form of an ape. Whereupon appeared presently a
+spirit unto him in manner and form of an ape, the which leaped about the
+house.
+
+Then said Faustus, "See, there thou hast thy request; but yet he will
+not obey thee until I be dead, for when my spirit Mephistophiles shall
+fetch me away, then shall thy spirit be bound unto thee, if thou agree,
+and thy spirit shalt thou name Aberecock, for so he is called. But
+all this upon a condition, that you publish my cunning and my merry
+conceits, with all that I have done (when I am dead) in an history, and
+if thou canst not remember all, the spirit Aberecock will help thee; so
+shall the acts that I have done be made manifest unto the world."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LVIII.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus having but one Month of his appointed Time to come,
+fell to Mourning and Sorrowing with himself for his devilish exercise._
+
+
+Time ran away with Faustus, as the hour-glass; for he had but one month
+to come of his twenty-four years, at the end whereof he had given
+himself to the devil, body and soul, as is before specified. Here was
+the first token, for he was like a taken murderer, or a thief, the
+which finding himself guilty in conscience before the judge has given
+sentence, fears every hour to die; for he was grieved, and in wailing
+spent the time, went talking to himself, wringing of his hands, sobbing
+and sighing. His flesh fell away, and he was very lean, and kept himself
+close; neither could he abide, see, or hear of his Mephistophiles any
+more.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus complained that he should in his lusty Time, and
+youthful Years, die so miserably._
+
+
+The sorrowful time drawing near, so troubled Dr. Faustus, that he began
+to write his mind, to the end he might peruse it often and not forget
+it, which was in manner as followeth:--"Ah! Faustus, thou sorrowful and
+woeful man, now must thou go to the damnable company in unquenchable
+fire, whereas thou mightest have had the joyful immortality of thy soul,
+the which now thou hast lost! Ah! gross understanding and wilful will!
+What seizeth upon thy limbs, other than robbing of my life? Bewail with
+me, my sound and healthful body, will, and soul; bewail with me, my
+senses, for you have had your part and pleasure as well as I. Oh! envy
+and disdain! How have you crept both at once upon me, and now for your
+sakes I must suffer all these torments! Ah! whither is pity and mercy
+fled? Upon what occasion hath heaven repaid me with this reward, by
+sufferance, to suffer me to perish? Wherefore was I created a man? The
+punishment I see prepared for me of myself, now must I suffer. Ah!
+miserable wretch! There is nothing in this world to show me comfort!
+Then woe is me! What helpeth my wailing?"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LX.
+
+_How Dr. Faustus bewailed to think on Hell, and the miserable Pains
+therein provided for him._
+
+
+Now thou Faustus, damned wretch! how happy wert thou if, as an unreasonable
+beast, thou mightest die with a soul? so shouldest thou not feel any
+more doubts; but now the devil will take thee away, both body and soul,
+and set thee in an unspeakable place of darkness; for although other
+souls have rest and peace, yet I, poor damned wretch, must suffer all
+manner of filthy stench, pains, cold, hunger, thirst, heat, freezing,
+burning, hissing, gnashing, and all the wrath and curse of God; yea,
+all the creatures God hath created are enemies to me. And too late I
+remember that my spirit Mephistophiles did once tell me there was great
+difference amongst the damned, for the greater the sin the greater the
+torment; as the twigs of a tree make greater flames than the trunk
+thereof, and yet the trunk continueth longer in burning, even so the
+more that a man is rooted in sin, the greater is his punishment. Ah!
+thou perpetual damned wretch! how art thou thrown into the everlasting
+fiery lake that shall never be quenched! there must I dwell in all
+manner of wailing, sorrow, misery, pain, torment, grief, howling,
+sighing, sobbing, running at the eyes, stinking at the nose, gnashing of
+teeth, snare to the ears, horror to the conscience, and shaking both of
+hand and foot? Ah! that I could carry the heavens upon my shoulders, so
+that there were time at last to quit me of this everlasting damnation.
+Oh! what can deliver me out of the fearful tormenting flame, the which I
+see prepared for me? Oh! there is no help, nor can any man deliver me;
+nor my wailing of sins can help me; neither is there rest for me to be
+found day or night! Ah! woe is me! for there is no help for me, no
+shield, no defence, no comfort; where is my help? Knowledge dare I not
+trust; and for a soul to Godwards, that have I not, for I ashame to
+speak unto him; if I do, no answer shall be made me; but he will hide
+his face from me, to the end that I should not behold the joys of the
+chosen. What mean I then to complain, where no help is? No, I know no
+hope resteth in my groanings; I had desired it would be so, and God hath
+said, Amen, to my misdoings; for now I must have shame to comfort me in
+my calamities.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXI.
+
+_Here followeth the Miserable and Lamentable End of Doctor Faustus, by
+which all Christians may take an Example and Warning._
+
+
+The full time of Dr. Faustus, his four-and-twenty years being come, his
+spirit appeared unto him, giving him his writing again, and commanding
+him to make preparation, for that the devil would fetch him against a
+certain time appointed.
+
+Dr. Faustus mourned and sighed wonderfully, and never went to bed, nor
+slept a wink for sorrow.
+
+Wherefore his spirit appeared again, comforting him, and saying: "My
+Faustus, be not thou so cowardly minded; for although thou lovest thy
+body, it is long unto the day of judgment, and thou must die at the
+last, although thou live many thousand years. The Turks, the Jews, and
+many an unchristian emperor are in the same condemnation; therefore, my
+Faustus, be of good courage, and be not discomforted, for the devil hath
+promised that thou shalt not be in pains, as the rest of the damned
+are." This and such like comfort he gave him, for he told him false, and
+against the saying of the Holy Scriptures.
+
+Yet Dr. Faustus, that had no other expectation but to pay his debt, with
+his own skin, went (on the same day that his spirit said the devil would
+fetch him) unto his trusty and dearly beloved brethren and companions,
+as masters and bachelors of art, and other students more, the which did
+often visit him at his house in merriment; these he intreated that they
+would walk into the village called Rimlich, half a mile from Wittenburg,
+and that they would there take with him for their repast a small
+banquet; the which they agreed unto; so they went together, and there
+held their dinner in a most sumptuous manner.
+
+Dr. Faustus with them, dissemblingly was merry, but not from the heart;
+wherefore he requested them that they would also take part of his rude
+supper, the which they agreed unto; "for," quoth he, "I must tell you
+what is the victualler's due;" and when they slept (for drink was in
+their heads) then Dr. Faustus paid the shot, and bound the students and
+masters to go with him into another room, for he had many wonderful
+matters to tell them; and when they were entered the room, as he
+requested, Dr. Faustus said unto them as followeth:
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXII.
+
+_An Oration of Dr. Faustus to the Students._
+
+
+"My trusty and well-beloved friends, the cause why I have invited you in
+this place is this: forasmuch as you have known me these many years,
+what manner of life I have lived; practising all manner of conjurations
+and wicked exercises, the which I obtained through the help of the
+devil, into whose devilish fellowship they have brought me; the which
+use, the art, and practice, urged by the detestable provocation of my
+flesh and my stiff-necked and rebellious will, with my filthy infernal
+thoughts, the which were ever before me, pricking me forward so
+earnestly that I must perforce have the consent of the devil to aid me
+in my devices. And to the end I might the better bring my purpose to
+pass, to have the devil's aid and furtherance, which I never have wanted
+in my actions, I have promised unto him at the end, and accomplishment
+of twenty-four years, both body and soul, to do therewith at his
+pleasure.
+
+"This dismal day, these twenty-four years are fully expired; for night
+beginning, my hour-glass is at an end, the direful finishing whereof I
+carefully expect; for out of all doubt, this night he will fetch me to
+whom I have given myself in recompense of his service, body and soul,
+and twice confirmed writings with my proper blood.
+
+"Now have I called you, my well-beloved lords, friends and brethren,
+before that fatal hour, to take my friendly farewell, to the end that my
+departure may not hereafter be hidden from you, beseeching you herewith
+(courteous loving lords and brethren) not to take in evil part anything
+done by me, but with friendly commendations to salute all my friends and
+companions wheresoever, desiring both you and them, if ever I have
+trespassed against your minds in anything, that you would heartily
+forgive me; and as for those lewd practices, the which these full
+twenty-four years I have followed, you shall hereafter find them in
+writing: and I beseech you let this my lamentable end, to the residue
+of your lives, be a sufficient warning, that you have God always
+before your eyes, praying unto him, that he will defend you from the
+temptation of the devil, and all his false deceits, not falling
+altogether from God, as I wretched and ungodly damned creature have
+done; having denied and defied baptism, the sacrament of Christ's body,
+God himself, and heavenly powers, and earthly men: yea, I have denied
+such a God, that desireth not to have one lost. Neither let the evil
+fellowship of wicked companions mislead you, as it hath done me: visit
+earnestly and often the church; war and strive continually against the
+devil, with a good and steadfast belief in God and Jesus Christ, and use
+your vocation and holiness.
+
+"Lastly, to knit my troubled oration, this is my friendly request, that
+you would go to rest, and let nothing trouble you: also if you chance to
+hear any noise or rumbling about the house, be not therewith afraid, for
+there shall no evil happen unto you; also I pray you rise not out of
+your beds; but above all things, I intreat you, if hereafter you find my
+dead carcass, convey it unto the earth, for I die both a good and bad
+Christian, though I know the devil will have my body, and that would I
+willingly give him, so that he would leave my soul to quiet; wherefore I
+pray you, that you would depart to bed, and so I wish you a quiet night,
+which unto me, notwithstanding, shall be horrible and fearful."
+
+This oration was made by Dr. Faustus, and that with a hearty and resolute
+mind, to the end he might not discomfort them; but the students wondered
+greatly thereat, that he was so blinded, for knavery, conjuration, and
+such foolish things, to give his body and soul unto the devil, for they
+loved him entirely, and never suspected any such thing, before he had
+opened his mind unto them.
+
+Wherefore one of them said unto him, "Ah! friend Faustus, what have you
+done to conceal this matter so long from us? We would by the help of
+good divines, and the grace of God, have brought you out of this net,
+and have torn you out of the bondage and chains of Satan, whereas we
+fear now it is too late, to the utter ruin both of body and soul."
+
+Dr. Faustus answered, "I durst never do it, although often minded to
+settle myself to godly people, to desire counsel and help; and once my
+old neighbour counselled me, that I should follow his learning, and
+leave all my conjurations: yet when I was minded to amend, and to follow
+that good counsel, then came the devil, and would have had me away, as
+this night he is like to do: and said, so soon as I turned again to God,
+he would dispatch me altogether. Thus, even thus (good gentlemen and
+dear friends) was I inthralled in that fanatical bond, all good desires
+drowned, all piety vanished, all purposes of amendment truly exiled, by
+the tyrannous oppression of my deadly enemy."
+
+But when the students heard his words, they gave him counsel to do
+nothing else but call upon God, desiring him, for the love of his sweet
+Son Jesus Christ his sake, to have mercy upon him: teaching him this
+form of prayer: "O God! be merciful unto me, poor and miserable sinner;
+and enter not into judgment with me, for no flesh is able to stand
+before thee; although, O Lord! I must leave my sinful body unto the
+devil, being by him deluded, yet thou in mercy may preserve my soul."
+
+This they repeated to him, yet he could take no hold; but even as Cain,
+he also said, that his sins were greater than God was able to forgive,
+for all his thought was on the writing: he meant he had made it too
+filthy in writing with his own blood.
+
+The students and the others that were there, when they had prayed for
+him, they wept, and so went forth. But Faustus tarried in the hall; and
+when the gentlemen were laid in bed, none of them could sleep, for that
+they attended to hear if they might be privy of his end.
+
+It happened that between twelve and one o'clock of midnight, there blew
+a mighty storm of wind against the house, as though it would have blown
+the foundation thereof out of its place.
+
+Hereupon the students began to fear, and go out of their beds, but they
+would not stir out of the chamber, and the host of the house ran out of
+doors, thinking the house would fall.
+
+The students lay near unto the hall wherein Dr. Faustus lay, and they
+heard a mighty noise and hissing, as if the hall had been full of snakes
+and adders. With that the hall door flew open wherein Dr. Faustus was.
+Then he began to cry for help, saying, "Murder, murder!" but it was with
+a half voice, and very hollow. Shortly after they heard him no more.
+
+But when it was day, the students, that had taken no rest that night,
+arose and went into the hall in which they left Dr. Faustus, where
+notwithstanding they found not Faustus, but all the hall sprinkled with
+blood, the brains cleaving to the wall, for the devil had beaten him
+from one wall against another. In one corner lay his eyes, in another
+his teeth, a fearful and pitiful sight to behold.
+
+Then began the students to wail and weep for him, and sought for his
+body in many places. Lastly, they came into the yard, where they found
+his body lying on the horse dung, most monstrously torn, and fearful to
+behold, for his head and all his joints were dashed to pieces. The
+forenamed students and masters that were at his death, obtained so much,
+that they buried him in the village where he was so grievously
+tormented.
+
+After the which they turned to Wittenburg, and coming into the house of
+Faustus they found the servant of Faustus very sad, unto whom they
+opened all the matter, who took it exceedingly heavy. There they found
+this history of Dr. Faustus noted, and of him written, as is before
+declared, all save only his end, the which was after by the students
+thereunto annexed. Farther, what his servant noted thereof was made in
+another book. And you have heard he held by him, in his life, the spirit
+of fair Helena, who had by him one son, the which he named Justus
+Faustus: even the same day of his death they vanished away, both mother
+and son. The house before was so dark that scarce anybody could abide
+therein. The same night Dr. Faustus appeared unto his servant lively,
+and showed unto him many secret things which he had done and hidden in
+his lifetime. Likewise there were certain which saw Dr. Faustus look out
+of the window by night as they passed by the house.
+
+And thus ended the whole history of Dr. Faustus, his conjuration, and
+other acts that he did in his life, out of which example every Christian
+may learn, but chiefly the stiff-necked and high-minded, may thereby
+learn to fear God, and to be careful of their vocation, and to be at
+defiance with all devilish works, as God hath most precisely forbidden.
+To the end we should not invite the devil as a guest, nor give him
+place, as that wicked Faustus hath done, for here we have a wicked
+example of his writing, promise, and end, that we may remember him, that
+we may not go astray, but take God always before our eyes, to call alone
+upon him, and to honour him all the days of our life, with heart and
+hearty prayer, and with all our strength and soul to glorify his holy
+name, defying the devil and all his works; to the end we may remain with
+Christ in all endless joy. Amen, amen. That wish I to every Christian
+heart, and God's name be glorified. Amen.
+
+
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES
+
+ 1: The names of four of these cities were--Ubeda, Abela, Baeza, and
+ Granada.
+
+ 2: There is another ballad which represents Gayferos, now grown to be a
+ man, as coming in the disguise of a pilgrim to his mother's house, and
+ slaying his stepfather with his own hand. The Countess is only satisfied
+ as to his identity by the circumstance of _the finger_--
+
+   El dedo bien es aqueste, aqui lo vereys faltar
+   La condesa que esto oyera empezole de abraçar.
+
+ 3: Sansueña is the ancient name of Zaragoza.
+
+ 4: The arms of Leon.
+
+ 5: The arms of Castile.
+
+ 6: The arms of France.
+
+ 7: "Per ecclesias proclamare fecit." This may either mean that a notice
+ was fastened to the church door, or given out from the pulpit. The last
+ is most probable.
+
+ 8: As these are probably the only verses on record of the devil's
+ composition (at least, so well authenticated), I transcribe them for the
+ information of the curious.
+
+ "Nexus ovem binam, per spinam traxit equinam;
+  Læsus surgit equus, pendet utrumque pecus.
+  Ad molendinum, pondus portabat equinum,
+  Dispergendo focum, se cremat atque locum.
+  Custodes aberant; singula damna ferant."
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
+
+Contemporary spellings have been retained even where inconsistent;
+missing punctuation has been silently added. The following additional
+changes have been made to the text:
+
+ let it brought before these Sees    let it be brought before these Sees
+
+ Durenda                             Durendal
+
+ Thou till shouldst prop             Thou still shouldst prop
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mediaeval Tales, by Various
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