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} + + </style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Buchanan's Journal of Man, October 1887, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Buchanan's Journal of Man, October 1887 + Volume 1, Number 9 + +Author: Various + +Editor: J. R. Buchanan + +Release Date: January 6, 2009 [EBook #27717] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUCHANAN'S JOURNAL, OCT. 1887 *** + + + + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div id="masthead"> + <h1 class="issue_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page1" title="1"></a><span class="proprietor">BUCHANAN’S</span><br /> + JOURNAL OF MAN.</h1> + <div id="mastdate"> + <p id="leftmast"><abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> <abbr title="One">I.</abbr></p> + <p id="centermast">October, 1887.</p> + <p id="rightmast"><abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 9.</p> + </div> +</div><!--Masthead--> + +<div id="contents"> + <h2 class="title">CONTENTS.</h2> + + <ul> + <li><a href="#art1">The Oriental View of Anthropology</a></li> + <li><a href="#art2"><span class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</span></a>—<a href="#misc1">Religion and Science</a>; + <a href="#misc2">Good Psychology</a>; + <a href="#misc3">The Far-away Battle</a>; + <a href="#misc4">How not to do it</a>; + <a href="#misc5">Robbery of Public Lands</a>; + <a href="#misc6">Land Reform in England</a>; + <a href="#misc7">Life in Europe</a>; + <a href="#misc8">Education in France</a>; + <a href="#misc9">Canada and the Union</a>; + <a href="#misc10">Woman in the Moon</a>; + <a href="#misc11">Emancipation from Petticoats</a>; + <a href="#misc12">Women’s Rights on the Streets</a>; + <a href="#misc13">A Woman’s Triumph in Paris</a>; + <a href="#misc14">A Woman’s Bible</a>; + <a href="#misc15">Work for Women</a>; + <a href="#misc16">Mrs. Stanton on the Jubilee</a>; + <a href="#misc17">Electricity</a>; + <a href="#misc18">Progress of the Telegraph</a>; + <a href="#misc19">The Mystery of the Ages</a>; + <a href="#misc20">Progress of the Marvellous</a>; + <a href="#misc21">A Grand Aerolite</a>; + <a href="#misc22">The Boy Pianist</a>; + <a href="#misc23">Centenarians</a>; + <a href="#misc24">Educated Monkeys</a>; + <a href="#misc25">Causes of Idiocy</a>; + <a href="#misc26">A Powerful Temperance Argument</a>; + <a href="#misc27">Slow Progress</a>; + <a href="#misc28">Community Doctors</a>; + <a href="#misc29">The Selfish System of Society</a>; + <a href="#misc30">Educated Beetles</a>; + <a href="#misc31">Rustless Iron</a>; + <a href="#misc32">Weighing the Earth</a>; + <a href="#misc33">Head and Heart</a>; + <a href="#misc34">The Rectification of Cerebral Science</a> + </li> + <li><a href="#art3">Chapter IX.—Rectification of Cerebral Science, Correcting the Organology of Gall and Spurzheim</a></li> + </ul> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art1" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">The Oriental View of Anthropology.</h2> + + <p>In the following essay, <strong class="name">Dr. F. Hartmann</strong>, an enlightened author + of the Theosophical and Occult school, presents the mystic or Oriental + view of man, in an interesting manner, deducing therefrom a philosophy + of the healing art. My readers will no doubt be interested + in his exposition, and, as the ancient doctrine differs materially from + the results of experimental investigation, I take the liberty of incorporating + my comments in publishing the essay.</p> + + <h3>A RATIONAL SYSTEM OF MEDICINE.</h3> + + <p>All lovers of truth, progress, and freedom of thought must be + grateful to Dr. J. R. Buchanan for his discovery of the science of + <span class="small_all_caps">SARCOGNOMY</span>. His system brings us nearer to a recognition of the + true nature of man, his origin and his destiny, and of the relations + which he bears to the Divine Source from which he emanated in the + beginning, and to which he will ultimately return; for the enlightened + ones of all nations agree that the <em>real</em> man, who resides temporarily + in the physical human body, who feels through the instrumentality + of the heart, and thinks through the instrumentality of the + brain of the external body, does not originate in the womb of the + mother from which the physical body is born, but is of a spiritual + origin, again and again re-incarnating itself in physical masks and + forms of flesh and blood, living and dying, and being reborn, until, + having attained that state of perfection, which renders the inner man + capable to exist in a state of spiritual consciousness without being + encumbered by a gross earthly organization, which chains him to + animal life.</p> + + <p class="response">[It should here be remarked that the great majority of those who + are considered enlightened, and to whom the world is indebted for + the sciences which it now possesses, do not accept this theory of re-incarnation. + As commonly stated, it is liable to many decisive objections, + and these objections, which I have clearly stated in the Religio-Philosophical + Journal, have not been, and I think will not be, removed + by the teachers of re-incarnation.]</p> + + <p>It may perhaps not be premature to examine how far the doctrines + of Dr. Buchanan correspond with the doctrines of occult science; + that is to say, with that science which is based upon a perception and + understanding of certain facts, which, to be perceived, require spiritual + powers of perception, such as are not yet developed in the majority + <a class="pagenum" id="page2" title="2"> </a>of mankind, but which are only in possession of those who have + mentally risen above the sphere of external phenomena and accustomed + themselves to look at spiritual things with the eye of the + spirit. It is not my intention to enter at present into an elaborate + review of the most prominent writers on occult subjects, and to + quote passages from such authors to support the views expressed in + the following pages, but rather to give a short statement of their + doctrines in regard to the omnipotent power of Will and Life; both + these powers being fundamentally identical; both being merely different + modes of actions, or functions, of that universal, eternal, and + divine Central Power of the universe, which is beyond the conception + of mortals, and which the latter call <em>God</em>.</p> + + <p>The ancient religions, as well as reason and logic, tell us that + there is, and can be, only one supreme God, or First Cause of the + universe, and that from this one first and fundamental Cause or + Power every secondary power and everything that exists has come + into existence, or been evolved within it and through its eternal activity. + The whole of the universe with everything contained therein, + man included, is and can be nothing else but a manifestation of + this internal fundamental power, or, as it has been expressed by the + ancient philosophers, the universe is the product of the Divine Imagination + (thought) of the First Great Cause, thrown into objectivity + by its eternal Will.</p> + + <p>We see, therefore, the great unmanifested <em>One</em> manifesting itself in + its own <em>Substance</em> (Space) by means of <em>two</em> powers, <em>Thought</em> (imagination) + and <em>Will</em> (the <em>Word</em> or Life); both powers being fundamentally + identical and merely two different modes of activity or functions + of the <em>One</em> Eternal, internal Principle, called God. According + to the <em>Bible</em>, God said, “Let there be light,” and through the power + of this outspoken “<em>Word</em>,” the world came into existence. This allegory, + expressed in modern language, means that by the <em>active</em> Will of + the universal First Cause, the images existing in its eternal memory + were thrown into objectivity and thus produced the germs from + which the worlds with all things existing therein were evolved and + grew into the shapes in which we see them now. The <em>Brahmins</em> say + that when <em>Brahm</em> awoke from his slumber after the night of creation + (the great Pralaya) was over, he <em>breathed out</em> of his own substance, + and thus the evolution of worlds began. If he <em>in-breathes</em> again, + the worlds will be re-absorbed in his substance, and the day of creation + will be over.</p> + + <p class="response">[God being essentially and self-evidently inconceivable by man, all + attempts of Brahmin, Christian, or any other theologians to explain + his existence and his methods of creation can be recognized by the + scientific mind only as hypotheses unsusceptible of verification, and, + therefore, incapable of becoming a proper basis of Philosophy.]</p> + + <p>Thus we find, on examining the doctrines of all the greatest religions + of the world, that they all teach the same truth, although they + teach it in different words and in different allegories. They all teach + that there exist two fundamental powers, originating from the absolute + <em>One</em>, namely, <em>Thought</em> and <em>Will</em>; and it logically follows that if + <a class="pagenum" id="page3" title="3"> </a>a man were a complete master over his thoughts and his will, he + could become a creator within the realm to which his thought and + imagination extend; he could, consequently, by the power of his + will and thought, control all the functions of his organism, the so-called + involuntary ones as well as those which are voluntary. He + could—if he possessed a perfect knowledge of his own constitution—restore + abnormal functions to their normal state, and restore diseased + organs to health.</p> + + <p class="response">[The mode of expression used in this paragraph is rather misleading. + One may have a complete mastery of his thoughts and will, + while both thought and will are very feeble and ineffective. It + requires great <span class="small_all_caps">POWER</span> in the will and thought to acquire such control + over bodily functions, and any expression leading persons of + feeble character to suppose they can attain such results would be + delusive. Many persons of feeble character have been led by current + speculations to aspire far beyond their ability.]</p> + + <p>Another fundamental doctrine of Occultism is that man is a Microcosm, + in which is germinally (potentially) contained everything + that exists in the Macrocosm of the universe. <span class="response">[An unproved hypothesis.]</span> + As the will and thought of that universal and divine internal + power, which is called God, penetrates and pervades the whole of + the universe; likewise the will and thought of man, if he has once + attained perfect mastery over himself, extends through all parts of + his organization, pervades every organ, and may be made to act consciously + wherever man chooses to employ it. But in the present + state of man’s condition upon this earth, no one but the adepts have + acquired this power. In them thought and will act as one. In the + vast majority of human beings thought and will are not yet in entire + harmony, and do not act as one. In the regenerated one (the adept) + heart and head act in perfect unison. The adept thinks what he + wills, and wills what he thinks. In unregenerated humanity will and + thought are divided and occupy two different centres. In them the + will has its seat in the <em>blood</em> (whose central organ is the heart), + and their thought or imagination has its seat in the brain. In them + heart and brain are often not only not in perfect harmony, but even + opposed to each other. But the <em>will</em> and <em>life</em> being one, and identical, + we see that the central seat of <em>life</em> is not, as has been maintained + by Dr. Buchanan, the <em>brain</em>, but the primary source of all life + is the <em>heart</em>.</p> + + <p>We see, therefore, a discrepancy between the doctrines of Dr. Buchanan + and the occult doctrines in regard to Anthropology; but this + discrepancy is of no serious consequence; because the <em>moon</em> (the + <em>intellect</em>) is in our solar system as necessary as the <em>sun</em> (the <em>will</em>), + and as the vast majority of people have a considerably developed intellect, + but only a very little developed will, and live, so to say, more + in their brains than in their hearts, they may be looked upon as + receiving their powers and energies from their brains, while the brain + receives its stimulus from the heart. The ancient Rosicrucians compared + the heart to the <em>sun</em>, the intellect, or <em>brain</em>, to the moon. The + moon receives her light from the sun, the centre of life of our solar + <a class="pagenum" id="page4" title="4"> </a>system. If the sun were to cease to exist, the moon would soon + lose her borrowed light; likewise if the sun of divine love ceases to + shine in the human heart, the cold, calculating intellect may continue + to glitter for a while, but it will finally cease to exist. If the brain + vampyrizes the heart, that is to say, if it absorbs the greater part of + the life principle, which ought to go to develop love and virtue in + the heart, man may become a great reasoner, a scientist, arguer, and + sophist; but he will not become <em>wise</em>, and his intellect will perish in + this life or in the state after death. We often see very intellectual + people becoming criminals, and even lunatics are often very cunning. + That which a man may call his own in the end, are not the thoughts + which he has stored in his perishable memory; but the fire of love + and light which he has kindled in his heart. If this fire of life + burns at his heart it will illuminate his mind, and enable the brain + to see clear; it will develop his spiritual powers of perception, and + cause him to perceive things which no amount of intellectual brain-labor + can grasp. It will penetrate even the physical body, and + cause the soul therein to assume shape and to become immortal.</p> + + <p>It is not to be supposed that the above truths will be at once + accepted by every reader of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite>, except by such as have + given deep thought to the true nature of man. Neither are they + a subject for scientific controversy or disputation. A knowledge of + the truth is not produced by disputations and quarrels, but only + by direct perception, experience, and understanding. The conclusions + which man arrives at by logic are merely productive of certain + opinions, and these opinions are liable to be changed again as + soon as the basis from which his logic started, changes. A real + knowledge of spiritual truths requires a power of spiritual perception, + which few men possess. Nevertheless, even our logical deductions, + taking as a starting point that which we know to be true, will + help us to arrive at the same conclusions at which the Hermetic + philosophers arrived by the power of spiritual perception.</p> + + <p class="response">[In the foregoing passage, Dr. H. professes to state doctrines derived + from intuition or spiritual perception by the ancients, and also + recognized to-day by spiritual perception. To me they appear + as the results only of that sort of ancient <span class="small_all_caps">SPECULATION</span>, which recognized + earth, air, fire, and water as the four chemical elements of all + things. I do not find them sustained by the spiritual perception of + those who have the intuitive powers to-day, nor by scientific investigation. + The substance of the heart is <em>not the seat of life</em>. It is a + merely muscular substance, and ceases all action when separated + from its controlling ganglia. The vitality of the heart lies in its + ganglia—in other words, in the nervous system, <em>in which alone is + life</em>, and of which the brain is the commanding centre. That life + resides exclusively in the nervous system is one of the established + principles of physiology, which cannot be disturbed by any theories + descending from antiquity, before the dawn of positive science. + That the will resides in the blood and the heart, is about as near + the truth as Plato’s doctrine that the prophetic power belonged to + the liver. If the region of Firmness in the brain be large, it will + <a class="pagenum" id="page5" title="5"> </a>be strongly manifested, even though the heart be feeble, and as easily + arrested as Col. Townsend’s. But if the upper surface of the brain be + diseased, or sensibly softened, the will power is almost destroyed, + even if the plethoric, hypertrophied heart is shaking the head with + its power. Many an individual of a delicate frame, has overpowered + by firmness and courage stout, muscular men of far larger hearts. That + the brain is the organ of thought alone, is a very old crudity. It contains + every human emotion and passion, which we may stimulate in + the impressible, or suspend instantly by a slight pressure on the + brain. There is no intense exercise of any of the emotions or passions + without a corresponding warmth and tension in the portion of + the brain to which they belong, the development and activity of + which determine their power. The will and life are not <em>identical</em>, as + Dr. H. suggests, for if they were, we should not have these two + words with different meanings. If will is an attribute of life, that + does not constitute <em>identity</em>. The speculations of Rosicrucians are + of no authority in science. The divine love or influence is in direct + relation to the brain, the central organ of the soul, and not to a muscular + structure of the body, which is far below the brain in rank. It + would be just as reasonable to affirm that courage belongs only to the + muscles. That illuminating love which Dr. H. ascribes to the heart, + belongs to the upper region of the brain, and is never found when + that region lacks development, or is in a cold, torpid condition. I + deny entirely that these mystic theories are the product of true, spiritual + perception. They arise from the fact that the thoracic region + sympathizes with the seat of true love and will in the brain. This + secondary effect has been felt and realized by those to whom the + functions of the brain were unknown. Spiritual perception, now + guided by the spirit of investigation, discovers the whole truth—that + all human faculties and impulses belong to the brain, but have a + secondary influence on the localities of the body to which <span class="small_all_caps">SARCOGNOMY</span> + shows their relations.]</p> + + <p>If we believe in one great spiritual cause of all, and conceive of it + as the great spiritual Sun of the universe (of which our terrestrial + sun is merely an image or reflection), we find that spiritual man (the + image of God) can be nothing else but an individual ray of that + spiritual sun, shining into matter, becoming polarized and forming + a centre of life in the developing human fœtus, and causing this + fœtus to grow in a living form of human shape, according to the + conditions presented to it by the maternal organism, and when it is + born, and becomes conscious, the illusion of self is created within + that individual form. Besides the gross, visible, external form, more + ethereal internal forms are evolved, which are of a longer duration + than the outward physical form, but of which it is not necessary to + speak at present.</p> + + <p>At all events, all that we positively know of man, is that he is an + invisible internal power, which evolves an outward shape, which we + call a human being. The material through which the organism is + built up is the blood, and the centre from which the blood flows into + all parts of the body and to which it returns from all parts, is the heart. + <a class="pagenum" id="page6" title="6"> </a>The heart is consequently the centre from which that power which + builds up the organism of man emanates, and as this power can be + nothing else but Life, the heart is the centre of life. The heart and + the brain stand in the most intimate relation to each other, and + neither one can continue to live if the other one ceases to act; but + according to the doctrines of the ancient and modern occultists the + heart is of superior importance than the brain. A man may live a + long time without thinking, but he ceases to live when his heart + ceases to beat. The heart is the seat of life, the brain the seat of + thought, but both are equally necessary to enjoy life; there is no + intellectual activity without life, and a life without intelligence is + worthless. That the force which constructs the organism of man + emanates from the heart, appears to me to be self-evident; that the + power which guides this construction emanates from the brain has + been demonstrated by Dr. Buchanan.</p> + + <p class="response">[This is quite incorrect. The heart may cease acting, as in apparent + death while the processes of thought and feeling are going on, + and the individual is conscious that he is going to be buried, but + incapable of giving the alarm. On the other hand the action of the + brain may be suspended, as in apoplexy, while the heart is beating + vigorously. In such cases, though the action of the cerebrum is suspended, + the physiological brain or cerebellum sustains physical life. + We cannot say that the heart is superior to the brain, because it + supplies the brain with blood for its growth, any more than we could + say the same of the lungs, which supply oxygen, without which the + action of the brain is speedily arrested. We might even extend the + remark to the stomach and thoracic duct, which supply the material + for making a brain, which certainly does not prove their superiority. + The action of the brain is far more important, for the quickest death + is produced by crushing the brain, or by cutting it off from the body + in the spinal cord of the neck, when heart, lungs, and stomach are + promptly arrested by losing the help of the brain. If prior development + in growth proved a superiority of rank, the ganglionic system + which accompanies the arteries and precedes the evolution of the + convoluted cerebrum would hold the highest rank, although it is + destitute of consciousness and volition, which belong to the brain + alone.]</p> + + <p>But what is this power which emanates from the brain, and which + guides the organizing activity of the soul, but the power of life + which is transmitted to the brain from the heart, and which is modified + in its activity by the peculiar organization of the latter? Man + in his present state does not think with his heart, but with his brain; + nevertheless, the heart is superior to the brain, for the brain has + been built up by the power which came from the heart; and it is a + universal law of nature, that no thing can produce anything superior + to itself. During its fœtal existence the brain of the child is + built up by the blood of the mother; after man is born his brain + receives its power of life through the heart, and in spiritually developed + man the thought-force created in the brain reacts again upon the + will in the heart, controlling its desires and entering into harmonious + <a class="pagenum" id="page7" title="7"> </a>union with the latter. The ancient alchemists say: “If the Sun + (the heart) enters in conjunction with the <em>Moon</em> (the brain) then + will Gold (Wisdom) be produced.”</p> + + <p>We see, therefore, in man two centres of life, the heart and the + brain, and it may properly be said that the brain is the seat of + life, only it may perhaps be added, that it is the secondary seat, + while the principal seat is, or ought to be, in the heart. <span class="response">[Dr. H. + identifies will with life, yet every one knows that all acts of volition + proceed from the brain alone, and never from the heart; hence by his + own statement the brain is the seat of life.]</span> According to the doctrines + of the Hermetic philosophers, God is the invisible central fire + in the universe from which the Light of the Logos (Christ or the + celestial Adam) emanated in the beginning. Man being a Microcosm, + contains in his heart the image of that internal and invisible + central fire of <em>Love</em>, which sends the light of thought to the brain + and illuminates the mind of the seer. We are at present not living + in the age of Love, but in the age of Thought (not the age of <em>Reason</em>, + but the age of <em>Reasoning</em> and Speculation), and by the law of + heredity, life has become pre-eminently concentrated in the brain; + while in a more advanced age, when the principle of universal Love + and Benevolence will be generally recognized, life will become more + strongly concentrated at the heart. Men will then not only think, but + feel and become able to recognize the truth by that power which is + known to us in its rudimental state as <em>Intuition</em>, but which, if + developed, will be far superior to that uncertain feeling called Intuition, + and become a Sun within the heart, sending its rays far up into + the regions of thought. Then, as their Love for the supreme Good + increases, will their knowledge increase, and as their knowledge + expands will their Will become powerful and free.</p> + + <p class="response">[The physiology of this passage is all erroneous. In the ages of + animalism and barbarism the heart is more powerful, like the rest of + the muscular system to which it belongs. In a more humane and + refined condition the brain is more predominant. The female heart + is not as well developed as the male. The moral superiority of + women is due not to the heart but to the superior region of the + brain, to which we owe all elevation of individuals and society.]</p> + + <p>It has been said above that Will and Life are identical, and there + are sufficient facts to prove that they are one. A man may prolong + his life by an effort of will, or he may cease to live if he wills to die. + A loss of will-power in a limb is identical with paralysis of the latter. + If the will (conscious or unconscious will) ceases to act, man + ceases to live. No amount of thought exercised by the brain will + raise a limb of a person, unless the person has the will to raise it; + no amount of imagination on the part of the brain will execute an act, + unless the will guided by the imagination causes the act to be + executed. In the blood,—the representative of the animal life-principle + (Kama-rupa) is the seat of the will, its central office is the + heart. There the will or life-power acts consciously or unconsciously, + sending its rays to the brain, where they become more refined, and + from thence they radiate again back through the organism, causing + <a class="pagenum" id="page8" title="8"> </a>the unconscious or conscious processes of imagination and thought. + The way in which these processes take place, has been well described + in Dr. Buchanan’s “Therapeutic Sarcognomy.” Love, Will, + and Life are ultimately one and the same power; they are like the + three sides of a pyramid ending in one point, or like a star emitting + a light of three different hues. Without the fire of divine Love at + the centre there will be no good and powerful Will, without Will + man is a useless being, without virtue and without real life, an + empty shell or form kept alive by the play of the elements, ceasing + to exist when the form falls to pieces. But he who possesses a + strong love for the good, the beautiful, and true, grows strong in + Will and strong in Life. His heart sends a pure current of life to + the brain, which enables the latter to see and grasp the ideas existing + in the Astral light. The purer the will the more pure will be + the imagination, and the more will the latter be able to rise to the + highest regions of thought, while these exalted thoughts will radiate + their light back again to the heart and stimulate the heart as the + heart stimulated the brain.</p> + + <p>A consideration of the above will go to prove that Love (Will or + Life) and Thought (Imagination or Light) are the forces by which + the soul forms and regenerates the external body, and that he who + obtains mastery over these forces within his own organism will be + able to change and remodel his body and to cure it of all ills. The + fountain of life is the will, and if the will is good and pure and not + poisoned by the imagination, a pure blood and a strong and healthy + body will be the result. If the imagination (thought) is pure, it + will purify the will and expel from the latter the elements of evil. + <em>The fundamental doctrine of the most rational system of medicine + is therefore the purification of the Will and the Imagination</em>, and + every one carries within his own heart the <em>universal panacea</em>, which + cures all ills, if he only knows how to employ it. The purification and + strengthening of the will by acts of love and human kindness and + by leading a pure and unselfish life, should be the principal object + of all religious and scientific education. The Bible says: “If the + <em>salt</em> (the will) of the earth is worthless, wherewith shall it be + salted?” If the fountain from which all life springs is poisoned by + evil thoughts, how can the soul and body be healthy? The best + <em>blood-purifier</em> is a pure will, rendered pure by pure and holy + thoughts.</p> + + <p>This fundamental and self-evident truth is continually overlooked + in our present age. The education of the intellect for the purpose + of attaining selfish interests is made of paramount interest and the + heart is neglected and left to starve.<a href="#footnote_1" id="fnm1" title="There is no higher gift..." class="fnmarker">1</a> The life-energy which ought + to be employed to educate the heart and to render the will good and + pure, is wasted in the top story of the temple of man in idle speculations + about external and worthless things, in scientific quarrels and + <a class="pagenum" id="page9" title="9"> </a>dogmatic disputations, which have usually no other object but to + tickle personal vanity and to give to ignorance an external coat of + learning. Many of our modern scientific authorities resemble ants, + which crawl over a leaf which fell from a tree: they know all about + the veins and cells of that leaf, but they know nothing whatever of + the living tree, which produces such leaves, and moreover flowers + and fruits. Likewise the rational medicine based upon reason and + understanding, the science springing from a true knowledge of man + will forever remain an enigma to the legally-authorized guardians of + the health of humanity, as long as they know nothing of man except + his external form and refuse to open their eyes and to see the eternal + internal power, of which the external form is merely an evanescent + image, a transient manifestation.</p> + + <p>Hoping that with the appearance of the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> a + new era of truly rational medicine will begin in progressive America,</p> + + <p class="dateline">I am yours truly and fraternally,<br /> + <strong class="name">Franz Hartmann</strong>, M.D.</p> + + <p><strong class="name">Kempten, Bavaria</strong>, April 7, 1887.</p> + + <p class="response">[While reaching my conclusions in a different manner by careful + and prolonged experimental investigation, and expressing them + differently, I agree with Dr. Hartmann in his most important principle,—the + importance of love as the best element of life, in sustaining + health and intelligence, and the necessity of its culture in education, + which has been so long neglected, and which I have endeavored to + enforce in the “New Education.” The structure and functions of + the brain demonstrate that its love region is the chief support of + its life, that it supports both will and intelligence, and that it not + only sustains the highest health of him in whom it is developed and + exercised, but ministers also to the health of all whom he meets, and + is the great healing power in those whose presence or touch relieves + the sick. The existence of this beneficent power in the human + constitution, more restorative and pleasant than all medicines when + present in sufficient fulness, is rapidly becoming known throughout + our country, and is made intelligible as to its origin, nature and + application by Sarcognomy, as I am teaching in the College of + Therapeutics. Medical colleges, in their ignorance and jealousy, + unwisely exclude and war against this nobler and more ethical + method of healing, thus compelling its development and practice as + a distinct profession, which is rapidly undermining their influence + and diminishing their patronage by showing that, in many cases + where drug remedies have totally failed as applied by colleges, the + psycho-dynamic faculty of man may accomplish wonders.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art2" class="article"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page10" title="10"> </a>Miscellaneous Intelligence.</h2> + <div id="misc1" class="miscellany_item"> + + <p><strong class="headline">Religion and Science</strong> are exceedingly harmonious in assisting + each other, but theologians and scientists are exceedingly discordant. + Who is in fault? It is the fault of both. Both are bigoted and + narrow-minded. Neither can see the truths that belong to the other + party; theologians dislike science, not being able to see that science + is a grander and more unquestionable revelation than any they have + derived from tradition, and scientists deride religion and theology, + not being able in their narrowness to recognize the higher forms of + science in the great spiritual truths which have been apparent to + all races from the most ancient limits of history. Of the scientific + class the majority are averse to the religion of the times, partly + from their own sceptical nature, and partly because religion has + been presented in the repulsive forms of an absurd theology.</p> + + <p>Prof. E. S. Morse, the president of the American Association, is a + very sceptical agnostic.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Proud Huxley’s the Prince of Agnostics, you see,</p> + <p>And Huxley and I do sweetly agree.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>At the late meeting of the Association, August 10, at Columbia + College, New York, Prof. Morse made an address in which he is reported + as saying that “Dr. Darwin’s theory was accepted by + science, although ecclesiastical bodies now and then rose up to + protest against it. He asserted that the missing links for which + there was such a clamor were being supplied with such rapidity that + even the zoölogist had to work to keep up with his science. It was + a singular fact that no sooner did some one raise an objection to the + theories of derivative science, than some discovery was made which + swept down the barrier. It was safe enough for an intelligent man, + no matter what he knew of science, to accept as true what science + put forth, and to set down as false whatever the church offered in + opposition. Every theory and declaration of science had been opposed + by the church. The penalty of original sin, according to a + scientific writer, was the penalty of man being raised to an upright + position. Laughter.] Cannot it be proved without question that + the illiteracy of Spain was the result of centuries of religious oppression + and of the inquisition?”</p> + + <p>One of the scientists told a <cite>World</cite> reporter (says the <cite>Truth Seeker</cite>) + that at last year’s convention in Buffalo, Prof. Morse made an address + that was so full of infidelity that the Catholic diocesan authorities + there forbade the clergy from attending the meetings.</p> + + <p>However, the Association has a small orthodox element in it, and + on Sunday about one-eighth of the members held a prayer-meeting + at Columbia College, at which allusions were made to the ungodly + character of the majority of their associates, which the said associates + on Monday regarded as a very objectionable proceeding.</p> + + <p>In the contests between scientists and theologians it has long been + apparent that the theologians are steadily receding. The time was, + two or three hundred years ago, when fearless scientists were imprisoned + <a class="pagenum" id="page11" title="11"> </a>or burned by theologians. Now, the scientists who lead the + age treat theology with contempt and the press sustains them. + Meanwhile, scientific scepticism is invading the pulpit, and all that + distinguishes the Bible from any treatise on moral philosophy is + gradually being surrendered by leading theologians; they are losing + religion as well as theology.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc2" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Good Psychology.</strong>—Prof. Wm. James, of the chair of Philosophy + in Harvard College, and apparently the most philosophic gentleman + in that conservative institution, has published in the <em>Popular + Science Monthly</em> an essay on <cite>Human Instincts</cite>, characterized by a + vigorous common sense and close observation. When he asserts + (contrary to the old metaphysics) the existence of such instincts as + fear, acquisitiveness, constructiveness, play (or, properly, playfulness), + curiosity, sociability, shyness, secretiveness, cleanliness, modesty, + shame, love, coyness or personal isolation, jealousy, parental love, + etc., he shows the spirit of science. But is it not self-evident, Mr. + James, to a man of your fine intelligence, that all strong impulses + (or instincts, as you call them) must have a special nervous apparatus + in the psychic region of the brain; and that loving, blushing, + stealing, and fighting cannot be functions of the same organs concerned + in perceiving color, or comprehending music? If I have + traced these instincts to the special convolutions in which they + reside, and given innumerable demonstrations of their locality, even + in Boston, and before critical observers, why have you not interested + yourself in the question of the cerebral localities and the complete + demonstration of all the instincts by that method?</p> + + <p>I have even found an instinct of the <em>love of truth</em> among the higher + sentiments, which, to a few rare individuals, is the predominant + impulse of their lives, though, alas, in college professors, as well as in + other classes generally, it is “inhibited” by a great variety of opposing + instincts, interests, and social influences. Nowhere is it more + completely “inhibited” than in Boston and Cambridge, as I have + been informed by the most intelligent old citizens.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc3" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Far-away Battle.</strong>—In the quiet home the sounds of the + far-away strife are not heard. The war of the cannon is determining + the destiny of empires, but it is unheard in the cottage. The + myriad sounds of commerce in the city do not disturb the quiet of + that home. Its quiet life attracts no attention. But there is something + in that home more important than war or commerce or king-craft—something + that concerns human welfare more profoundly. + In that quiet home, a human life is developing; a human soul + preparing for its life work—a work that will change the destiny of + coming generations. In many quiet homes such a work is in progress, + determining a nation’s future.</p> + + <p>All important movements are quiet and obscure in their origin. + As the magnificent forest was slowly and obscurely germinated in + darkness, in the seeds from which it sprung, so are the great discoveries + in science and philosophy matured in quietness and obscurity. + The thinker hears afar the sound of strife and the agitation of parties + <a class="pagenum" id="page12" title="12"> </a>warring for power. He knows the follies and errors that agitate + mankind, but he is withheld from entering the strife, for he has a + more important work to accomplish—a work for the future. It is + to such work that the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> is devoted; laying the + foundation of that philosophy in which future thinkers shall find the + principles of social reorganization. It does not join in the strife of + contending parties, nor does it recognize any existing party as entirely + free from error. It gives its care to new and growing truths, + knowing that, as Carlyle says, “The weak thing weaker than a child + becomes strong one day if it be a true thing.”</p> + </div> + <div id="misc4" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">How not to do it.</strong>—The Seybert commission having made a + splendid failure to find interesting and valuable facts where other + investigators have succeeded, their blundering ignorance is now assisted + by newspaper mendacity. The <cite>New York Times</cite>, of Aug. 22, + concludes an extremely stupid article on this subject, by the following + paragraph, which, if the writer gave any indications of intelligence, + would be set down as a pure specimen of mendacity, but is + more probably a specimen of indolent ignorance:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“If Spiritualists could furnish one clearly-proved case of a spirit + from the other world, seen and tested by those now living on the + earth, there would be some sense and reason in their claims to be + heard; but until they do, the great mass of intelligent people will + refuse to listen, and rightly, too.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>There must be an immense mass of the same kind of lazy ignorance + in the community, when such stuff is tolerated in a newspaper. + The contents of daily newspapers show that they expect more patronage + from the debased and ignorant classes than from the intelligent + and honorable.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc5" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Robbery of Public Lands.</strong>—The report of Surveyor General + Geo. W. Julian, of Colorado, shows that of the patented and + unpatented lands referred to, aggregating 8,694,965 acres, it will be + safe to estimate that at least one-half have been illegally devoted to + private uses under invalid grants, or unauthorized surveys.</p> + + <p>He thinks it would not be extravagance to say that these land + claimants, with their enormous interests, have exercised a shaping + influence upon Congress. Congress has approved 47 out of 49 of + these claims. In this connection the report calls attention to the + action of Congress in 1860, and the Interior Department in 1879 in + the famous Maxwell land grant case, which he characterizes as a + wanton and shameful surrender to the rapacity of monopolists of + 1,662,764 acres of the public domain, on which hundreds of poor + men had settled in good faith and made valuable improvements. It + has been as calamitous to New Mexico, says the Surveyor General, + as it is humiliating to the United States. The report says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“During the last Congress several members of both Houses, including + the delegate from this Territory, reported bills for the confirmation + of the Socorro grant, which is one of the most shocking of the + many attempts yet made to plunder the public domain. I do not + say that the men who introduced these bills intended to make themselves + <a class="pagenum" id="page13" title="13"> </a>parties to any scheme of robbery, but their action shows that + the hidden hand of roguery is still feeling its way in Congress for a + friendly go-between.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>As a remedy for this condition of affairs, Mr. Julian recommends + resurveys of all grants about which there is any doubt, and the + entering of suits to set aside patents obtained by fraud.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc6" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Land Reform in England.</strong>—One hundred and twenty-four + members of the English Parliament are in favor of the following + land scheme propounded by Charles Bradlaugh:</p> + <blockquote> + <p>“Ownership of land should carry with it the duty of cultivation.</p> + + <p>“Where land capable of cultivation with profit, and not devoted + to some purpose of public utility or enjoyment, is held in a waste or + uncultivated state, the local authorities ought to have the power to + compulsorily acquire such land.</p> + + <p>“The compensation is to be only the ‘payment to the owner for a + limited term of an annual sum not exceeding the then average net + annual produce of the said lands.’</p> + + <p>“The local authorities are to let the lands thus acquired to tenant + cultivators.</p> + + <p>“The conditions of tenure are to be such ‘as shall afford reasonable + encouragement, opportunities, facilities, and security for the + due cultivation and development of the said land.’”</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <div id="misc7" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Life in Europe.</strong>—Senator Frye, of Maine, having returned + from Europe, spoke thus to a reporter, at Lewiston:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“We have taken a tour of the continent and of Great Britain, and + although we have seen many places, we have seen no place like + home—no place in all respects equal to America. You will find in + the Old World much that is admirable, but what impressed me most + painfully was the poverty of the masses of the people. Why, the + people in Europe live on the poorest food, and mighty little of it. I + found that laborers in Glasgow work for 2s. 6d. a day—sixty-two + cents. I was charmed with Edinburgh, but when I saw women + drunk and fighting in her beautiful streets, the modern Athens lost + her charms. I cannot convey to you the picture of the degradation + and want throughout Great Britain, caused by drink. I come back + a stouter cold-water man than when I went away. The drink evil is + a horror. Speaking of wages, I found girls in factories in Venice + working with great skill for from five to twelve cents a day, the most + experienced getting twelve cents a day, out of which they have to + live, but how they live is a wonder. Their chief diet is macaroni. + Farm hands all over Europe—women—earn twenty cents a day. + Women do most of the field work. I saw no improved machinery + on the farms of the continent. I have seen twenty women in one + field at work—not a man in sight. The plain people see no meat to + eat once a week on the continent. The condition of American + wage-earners is incomparably better than that of working people in + Europe. It’s the difference between comfort and competence, and + discomfort and insufficient food and clothing.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page14" title="14"> </a>“Perhaps the most contemptible people one meets abroad are the + Anglicized Americans—the man who apes, both in manners and language, + what he regards as the English aristocracy, affects to believe + everything in England perfect, and seems to be ashamed to institute + any favorable comparison between his country and that.”</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <div id="misc8" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Education in France.</strong>—The Academy of Medicine has passed + a resolution demanding of the government changes in the hours of + study for children, larger play grounds, removal of schools to the + country, and daily teaching of gymnastics. These suggestions are + urgently needed in France, where children are subjected to a far + more rigid and enfeebling method than in America. The power of + the church over education is destroyed in France, and religious instruction + is now prohibited.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc9" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Canada and the Union.</strong>—Rev. W. H. Murray reports a strong + feeling in Canada for annexation. He says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“A gentleman of great influence in this city, and of established + loyalty to the land of his birth, described the position here very distinctly + in the following words: ‘I wish I could make money and remain + an Englishman, but I can’t, and hence I propose to become an + American, for I cannot impoverish myself and my family for a sentiment, + however honorable.’</p> + + <p>“In the many conversations I have heard on the part of many people + of all classes touching commercial union, it has, in every case, + been assumed that it was only a prelude to political union also. + Many have insisted, as they talked, that the two countries should + come together, and at once; that the feeling of the country was fast + ripening for it, and that what it lacked in education in this matter + would soon be learned. This has surprised me; for it was not so a + few years ago.”</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <div id="misc10" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Woman in the Moon.</strong>—The discovery of a woman in the + moon is announced by W. H. Burr, in a letter to the New York <cite>Sun</cite>, + It was made more than a year ago by Dr. James H. Thompson, a + retired physician of Washington. It is a profile occupying the west + half of the moon, the dark spot above answering to the banged hair. + She faces a little upward, and has a neck big enough to require a + collar of the size that Mr. Cleveland wears. And yet she is good-looking. + The profile may be seen through an opera-glass.—<cite>Truth + Seeker</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc11" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Emancipation from Petticoats.</strong>—“That distinguished + Parisienne, Mme. de Valsayre, has been petitioning the French + legislature in favor of the emancipation of women from petticoats. + Her case is that petticoats are very dangerous, leading to innumerable + fatal accidents, and that trousers are just as decent, more healthy + and far less expensive. ‘All this is very true,’ says Labouchere, + in the <cite>World</cite>, ‘though I do not suppose that if the French women + were as free as our own countrywomen are to dress as they like, + they would make much use of their liberty. Trousers do not afford + <a class="pagenum" id="page15" title="15"> </a>the same scope for decoration as petticoats. They cannot be + trimmed to any considerable extent, and the effect of an improver or + bustle worn under them would be absurd. I have always wondered, + however, that serious ladies in this country do not set more store by + this branch of progress. If I were a woman I would much rather + have a pair of trousers than a vote or even a university degree.’”</p> + </div> + <div id="misc12" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Women’s Rights in the Streets.</strong>—The lawless freedom with + which men approach or assail women in some American cities, while + women on the other hand are subjected to the meddlesome + and domineering interference of policemen, lends some interest to + the case of Miss Cass in London, one of the victims of police brutality, + which has excited an inquiry and comment in Parliament, and + is likely to result in the punishment of the policeman. The New + York <cite>Sun</cite> says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“The case of Miss Cass, who was arrested in Regent Street as a + disreputable character, has started in the <cite>Pall Mall Gazette</cite> a discussion + of the annoyances to which decent women are subjected in + the streets of London. It will be remembered that she was a + respectable girl recently arrived in London, where she had obtained + employment in a milliner’s shop, and that while waiting in Regent + Street early in the evening she was arrested by a policeman, who + insisted in regarding her as a professional street-walker, as which, + also, she was held by a magistrate, who refused, to listen to her + denials and explanations.</p> + + <p>“Many women have accordingly written to the <cite>Pall Mall Gazette</cite> + to ask why, if a woman is liable to arrest on the mere suspicion of + having addressed a man, men are allowed to annoy and insult women + in the London streets with perfect impunity. The testimony of + them all is that, even in the daytime, a lady with any claims to good + looks, and who walks alone, is always liable to such treatment, no + matter how modest her apparel and reserved her demeanor. It is + not merely of insolent and persistent staring that they complain, for + they have grown to expect that as a matter of course; but they are + actually spoken to by men who are strangers to them, in the most + insinuating and offensively flattering terms. These men are commonly + described as ‘gentlemen’ in appearance; ‘a tall, distinguished, + military-looking man;’ ‘a youthful diplomat;’ ‘a government + official, a man holding a lucrative appointment,’ and the like. + They are not roughs; from them ladies have nothing of the sort to + fear; but men who think to have the greater success and to enjoy + the complete immunity because they wear the garb of gentlemen.</p> + + <p>“Rev. Mr. Haweis writes that ‘you might easily fill the <cite>Pall Mall + Gazette</cite> with nothing else for months, for we have come to such a + pass as this, that a young girl cannot stand aside at a railway station + while papa takes tickets, nor a girl lead her blind relative through + the streets, nor can a married woman go twenty paces in a London + thoroughfare without the risk of insult or even assault.’”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>These evils are a relic of the old ideas of woman’s inferiority, and + their only sure remedy is the destruction of that inferiority by the + <a class="pagenum" id="page16" title="16"> </a>industrial and professional education, which will make the woman + the par of her brother, and enable her to maintain her equal rights + everywhere.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc13" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">A Woman’s Triumph in Paris.</strong>—The public examination of + Miss Bradley at the Ecole de Medicine in Paris is thus described:</p> + + <p>When Miss Bradley stepped into the arena, clad in the traditional + garb, the general comment of the audience was:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“How like <em>Portia</em> in the trial scene of the ‘Merchant of Venice.’”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>It was known to Miss Bradley’s college mates and other friends + that her thesis would be on “Iodism,” and that she had taken a year + to write an elaborate book on the subject, which will soon be republished + in England from the original French. For an hour and a + half she was questioned with great shrewdness and ability by four + of the leading professors of the Ecole de Medicine,—Drs. Fournier, + Gautier, Porchet, and Robin. Each of these gentlemen had previously + received a copy of Miss Bradley’s bold book, and they had + brought their copies to the examining room, with multitudinous interrogation + marks on the margins, showing that the new treatise + had not only been very carefully read, but had excited much curiosity + and attention. Miss Bradley had the great advantage of an unhackneyed + theme, which she skilfully illustrated by a numerous array of + unfamiliar facts.</p> + + <p>Her triumph was of a very peculiar character. Her four examiners + said to her, with admiring frankness: “You have been working + a new field; we cannot agree with many of your conclusions; + further investigation may lead either yourself or us to different + views; but, meanwhile, you have presented to the college a thesis + which does you uncommon honor, and for which we unanimously + award you the maximum mark of merit.”</p> + + <p>After the announcement of the award, Miss Bradley was entertained + at dinner by Miss Augusta Klumpke, the first female physician + who has ever been admitted to practice in the hospitals of Paris. + Both these ladies are Americans—Miss Klumpke from San Francisco, + and Miss Bradley from New York.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc14" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">A Woman’s Bible.</strong>—We have not reached the end of revision. + A woman’s translation of the Bible is expected next. Mrs. Elizabeth + Cady Stanton is the chairman of the American committee having this + matter in charge, and a woman’s Bible and commentary are to be + expected in due time.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc15" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Work for Women.</strong>—Miss Katie Young, of Ironton, Mo., writes + <cite>The Voice</cite> a letter upon the advantages of plating, as a new and + pleasant field of work for women. A relative made her a plating-machine + at a cost of $4; she readily obtained orders for work from + everybody in the neighborhood; the outlay for chemicals, etc., + proved slight; and in 22 days she netted $95.45. Her brother, + working 24 days, cleared $90.50. Miss Young states that she is + making a collection of curiosities, and that to any lady sending her a + sea-shell, fancy stone, piece of rock, ore or crystal, an old coin, or + <a class="pagenum" id="page17" title="17"> </a>curious specimen of any description, she will be glad to mail complete + directions for making a machine similar to hers, that will do gold, + silver and nickel-plating.</p> + + <p>F. Henry Greer writes: “Two young gentlewomen are studying + electrical engineering, which profession has not yet been overcrowded. + Great fortunes have been made in its pursuit. If any readers of + your valuable journal are interested, I will freely give them any + information in my power.”</p> + </div> + <div id="misc16" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Mrs. Stanton on the Jubilee.</strong>—“If mine has been the one discordant + note in the grand jubilee chorus to the Queen, it is because + behind all the busy preparations for the most brilliant pageant the + world has ever witnessed, of gilded royalty and nobility, my eyes + beheld the dark shadows on the background of homeless, starving + men, women and children, into whose desolate lives would never + come one touch of light or love. There is something to me unspeakably + sad in the eager, gazing multitudes that crowd the streets on + these grand gala days. There is ever a sphinx-like questioning look + in their upturned faces that seems to say, ‘Ah! must the many ever + suffer that the few may shine?’ As the sun went down on that + 21st of June, what a contrast in the close of the day’s festivities + between the children of luxury and want.</p> + + <p>“Who that can share in imagination one hour the miseries of + England’s impoverished people, can rejoice in a reign of fifty years + that has cost the nation 22,000,000 of pounds sterling in extra + allowances to the Queen and her children, in addition to the + legitimate cost of the royal household and the hereditary property + rights of the throne?” Nevertheless the Jubilee was a fine exhibition, + and the <cite>London Baptist</cite> says that $4,000 was paid for the use + of the windows of one house to see the Jubilee.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc17" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Electricity</strong> seems destined to be the motor power for street cars. + In Montgomery, Alabama, the mule has already been superseded, and + there are fifteen miles of street railways operated by the electric motor. + Some satisfactory experiments have been made on the Cambridge + Street railway. Edison’s latest discoveries in the conversion + of heat into electricity are expected to produce important results, + dispensing with the intermediate use of steam, and ultimately + getting the power from the sun’s rays.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc18" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Progress of the Telegraph.</strong>—The <cite>London Times</cite> thus summarizes + some of the statements made by Mr. Raikes, the postmaster-general, + in his speech delivered at the telegraph jubilee the other + day:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>At first a machine required five wires before it could dispatch a + message. Now on one single wire seven or eight messages can be + sent simultaneously. At first the rate of sending did not amount to + more than four or five words a minute. Now on the latest machine + no less than 462 words a minute can be dispatched. The number of + messages has increased by steady steps, until now, under the new + tariff and with the facilities that have been so widely extended since + <a class="pagenum" id="page18" title="18"> </a>the telegraphs came into the hands of the government, the number + is truly portentous. Those sent during the past year amounted to + close upon a million a week—fifty-one and one-half millions in all. + Letters have grown from 80,000,000 in the year of the Queen’s + accession to more than 1,400,000,000. According to Mr. Pender, + there are some 115,000 miles of cables lying at the bottom of the sea. + The progress in this department has been constant. The latest scheme, + as the new colonial blue-books show, is for laying a cable under the + Pacific Ocean, from Vancouver to New Zealand. Surely there is no + task from which modern science will recoil.</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <div id="misc19" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Mystery of the Ages.</strong>—A work recently published at + London by the Countess of Caithness is a work of ability and learning, + devoted especially to a philosophy which is thus defined:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“Theosophy is the essence of all doctrines, the inner truth of all + religions…. God is Spirit, and Spirit is One, Infinite, and Eternal, + whether it speak through the life of Buddha or Jesus, Zoroaster + or Mahommed…. The ideal of the Theosophist is the at one-ment + of his own spirit with that of the Infinite. This is the essential + teaching of all religions, and to obtain this union you must believe + in and obey the voice of your own higher conscience; for the + true Christ is the Divine Spirit within you, and thus, God manifest + in humanity.”</p> + </blockquote> + </div> + <div id="misc20" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Progress of the Marvellous.</strong>—Mrs. Herbert, of St. Joseph’s + Hospital, Joliet, Illinois, as reported Aug. 16, had slept 219 days, + sitting in an easy chair, in a cataleptic state. She rarely moves a + muscle, and if her arm is lifted and not replaced it remains as it was + left. Her hands are cold, and her face very pallid. The food given + her daily, it is said, would only sustain life in a bird, and the doctors + are expecting her death.</p> + + <p>Mr. C. J. Helleberg, of Cincinnati, says that a lady of his family + has become developed as a medium, and many messages have been + written through her. Among others, a message from Charles XII. + of Sweden declared that “Sweden will be a republic sooner than + any other power in Europe,” and the elections will be easily and + honestly managed.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc21" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">A Grand Aerolite.</strong>—The <cite>Galt Gazette</cite> (California) describes + the fall of a meteor in that vicinity, witnessed by Dr. Goodspeed, + which fell in a slough and so heated the water as to kill the catfish + that inhabited it. It lies in the pond, and looks as if a hundred + feet wide. A much more marvellous story has been published of an + engraved meteoric stone falling in an obscure portion of Georgia + near Clayton Court-house, which is a hoax, and has been so pronounced + by the postmaster at Clayton.</p> + + <p>Whether the California story is true I have not ascertained, but + the fall of a great meteor in this region has developed a grand + meteoric capacity for lying. The despatch first published by the + <cite>Boston Herald</cite> described the stone as falling near McAdam Junction, + not far from Bangor, Maine, making the crockery rattle at the + Junction, and plunging into the earth all but about ten feet of the + <a class="pagenum" id="page19" title="19"> </a>stone, which was so hot that no one could come within fifty yards of + it. It has not been found at all, for it dropped into the Bay of + Fundy; but it illuminated the whole country for a vast distance, and + looked as large as the moon. It had a long trailing violet light + behind it as it fell. Our meteoric showers generally occur in + August, this was on the 15th of September.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc22" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Boy Pianist.</strong>—Joseph Hoffmann is considered in London + the greatest young pianist since the days of Mozart. He is coming + to America. He is from Poland.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc23" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Centenarians.</strong>—The <em>Rabbi Hirsch</em>, born in Poland, died a few + weeks ago in Brooklyn, aged 109. He saw Napoleon on his march + to Moscow. Mrs. Paradis of North Grosvenordale, Conn., died + Aug. 26, aged 120. The <cite>Boston Globe</cite> in making a record of old + people in Maine, has mentioned Miss Betsey Sargent, of Canterbury, + aged 100; Mrs. Ellen Scott, Portsmouth, 100; Mrs. Mary Mann, + Oxford, 101; Mrs. Jane Wilson, Edgecomb, 102; John Chandler, + Concord, 102; Mrs. Nancy Chase, Edgerly, 103; Perault Pickard, + Colchester, 107; Robert Peters, Berwick, 107; George McQueen, + Portland, 109; Giles Bronson, Castleton, 115; Mrs. Mary Ludkends, + Portland, 117.</p> + + <p>Samuel Zielinski, a Pole, who came to the United States after he + was 100 years old, is now living a mile from Dubois, Illinois, with + his descendants, at the age of 120.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc24" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Educated Monkeys.</strong>—The story comes from Brazil, by way of + Panama, that on a hemp farm seven large monkeys have been taught + to work as laborers, and that they work faster and eat less than + negroes. If they can pull hemp, why not do other work? If this + report is confirmed it may be of some importance.</p> + + <p>A correspondent of the <cite>New York Times</cite> says that monkeys from + Cape Town, Africa, have been introduced successfully into the + hemp fields of Kentucky. One gentleman employs twelve near + Shelbyville, Perkins & Chirsman have eleven, Smith & Murphy + twenty-six, and J. B. Park, near Kingston, who introduced monkey + labor, employs seventeen. The monkeys cost about $60 each, they + are docile, easily taught, and cost about one fourth of human labor.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc25" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Causes of Idiocy.</strong>—Dr. T. Langdon Down, inquiring into the + causes of idiocy, has found that intemperance of parents is one of + the most considerable factors in producing the affection. His view is + confirmed by some French and German investigators, one of whom, + Dr. Delasiauve, has said that in the village of Careme, whose riches + were in its vineyards, ten years’ comparative sobriety, enforced by + vine-disease, had a sensible effect in diminishing the cases of idiocy. + Nervous constitution and consumption exercise important influence. + Of the professions, lawyers furnish the smallest proportion of idiots, + while they are credited with the procreation of a relatively very + large number of men of eminence. With the clergy, these proportions + are more than reversed. The influence of consanguineous + marriage, <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">per se</em>, is insignificant, if it exists.—<cite>Pop. Science Monthly</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc26" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page20" title="20"> </a><strong class="headline">A Powerful Temperance Argument.</strong>—A most powerful + argument for temperance is furnished by the records of the British + army in India for 1886, showing the comparative amount of crime, + disease, and death among 12,807 soldiers, of whom 3,278 were temperate, + and 8,828 were drinking men. The number of cases of + crime among the abstainers was 172, among the drinkers 3,988, + a difference of one to twenty-three in number, or more than ten to + one in percentage. The temperate had but 4.32 per cent. of crime, + the drinkers 45.17 per cent. The percentage of sickness and death + was more than twice as great among the drinkers. Liquor, therefore, + <em>more than doubled</em> the proportion of disease and mortality, and + increased the <em>criminality more than tenfold</em>. Of the numbers tried + by court martial there were 120 times as many proportionally + among the drinkers as among the temperate. The destructive + effects of drink are far greater in hot climates, and perceptibly + greater in hot weather.</p> + + <p>The Southern States of the Union are in advance of the Northern + on the temperance question. The legislature of Georgia has passed + a bill by a large majority which taxes wine rooms in prohibition + counties $10,000. At present this covers nearly all the State.</p> + + <p>The forty-fifth annual report of the Registrar General of England + shows that estimating the average mortality of males in England at + 1,000, that of brewers is 1,361, of innkeepers and publicans 1,521. + Scotch reports show the mortality of males engaged in the liquor + business to be 68 per cent. above the actuaries table for healthy + males, and 49 per cent. over the English life table.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc27" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Slow Progress.</strong>—It was a long time before lobelia was recognized + by the profession—before anything good was found to belong + to it. Now one of our leading professors thinks lobelia will become + the most valuable of our cardiac sedatives—regulator of the heart’s + action. I wrote up the value of lobelia in surgery, obstetrics and + practice over thirty years ago; also the valuable properties of hydrastis + can., both of which were almost unnoticed then and since by + regular practitioners. But now Prof. Bartholow has discovered their + great merits and written the latter up especially, and what I and + Prof. Dodd, (V. S.,) wrote a third of a century ago will be credited to + others. Well, who cares? The tincture of calendule flavas I have + tried to force upon the profession for forty years as a dressing for + wounds, but it will require some one higher in the profession to give + it a hurrah, boys!—<cite>Med. Summary</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc28" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Community Doctors.</strong>—It is manifestly the interest of society + that the doctor should be engaged and paid by the year, so that his + interest would be to keep the people well instead of sick. Moreover, + it would be more economical, as a doctor, secure of steady + support, would not be inclined to make heavy charges, and the + patient would not find a fit of illness making a dangerous inroad on + his finances, so as to double his misfortune. The scheme has been + advocated in the newspapers.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc29" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page21" title="21"> </a><strong class="headline">The Selfish System of Society</strong>.—The system of antagonism + and competition results in a universal system of plunder by exorbitant + charges, and each man protects himself by overcharging in return. + Plunder by overcharging is so much the custom that no one + objects to it. The <cite>Boston Herald</cite> says: “There is a baker in New + York, who sells large loaves of bread of the finest quality for five + cents a loaf. The same-sized loaf sells for ten cents in Boston.” In + like manner, Americans generally pay ten cents for a loaf about half + as large as that sold for ten cents, in London; yet the London baker + has to buy the same flour after its cost is enhanced by an ocean voyage. + This is the custom of society; the glass of lemonade, costing + perhaps two cents, is sold at all prices, from five or ten cents up to + twenty-five.</p> + + <p>The correspondent of a Denver paper says that lumber costing + forty-five cents a hundred feet, is sold at $2.25. These are samples + of the financial disorder of life in all departments.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc30" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Educated Beetles.</strong>—Bridgeport, Conn., Aug. 24. Miss Emily + Nelson, of this city, has received a present from Merida, Yucatan, in + the shape of an educated jewelled bug. It has a harness of gold + and is jewelled with precious stones.</p> + + <p>The custom is said to have originated among the Spanish nobility + several centuries ago, when the first bug was educated and worn by + a princess. The bug became greatly attached to the maiden, and + partook of her moods and dispositions. When she was sad or disheartened + the bug became sluggish; and when she was joyous and + vivacious the bug was likewise lively in its movements. At her + death, the bug pined away and died, too.</p> + + <p>Miss Nelson is very happy and justly very proud of her present. + The insect is about the size of an ordinary black beetle. Around + the body is firmly fastened a gold band. A gold strap is riveted to + this and passes down the back around and under the body, and is + welded upon the under side to the gold belt. Upon the back are + tiny jewels set in gold and fastened into the shell. The coloring of + the shell is a brilliant Nile green, edged with black. The movement + of the bug gives flashes of variegated colors. Upon the under side + is fastened a delicate gold chain which in turn is attached to a + brooch. It is educated to eat from the lips. It understands various + whistles and calls, and appears and disappears at the word of command.—<cite>Globe</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc31" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Rustless Iron</strong> is being manufactured in New York by a new + process which, it is claimed, converts the surface of the metal into + magnetic oxide of iron. This is done by subjecting it successively + to the action of highly heated air and carbonic acid gas from coal + fires. The process can be applied with most satisfactory results to + water-pipes and architectural work.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc32" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Weighing the Earth.</strong>—Prof. Proctor proposes to repeat in + Florida an experiment to determine the weight of the earth, and + mentions the results of the methods heretofore tried. Newton first + estimated the weight of the earth to be between five and six times + <a class="pagenum" id="page22" title="22"> </a>as great as that of water. Such a weight it would have if it were + one half iron and the other half limestone, or half copper and half + clay. Evidently the metallic weight preponderates.</p> + + <p>Weighing the earth is accomplished by comparing the effect of its + attraction with that of much smaller bodies. One method is to + compare, by balancing the weight of two balls, one above a globe of + lead, as large as practicable, and the other below it, so as to have the + attraction of the leaden globe pulling up and counteracting the + gravitation to the earth. The effect is very slight and requires + delicate apparatus.</p> + + <p>By another, but more inaccurate method, the attraction of the + earth has been compared with that of a mountain—a very indefinite + method indeed. A better method was that of Astronomer Airy and + Mr. Dunkin, who went down into the Harton coal pit 1,260 feet to + see how much difference that depth would make in the movements + of a pendulum. It gained 2¼ seconds in 24 hours, and the weight + of the earth was inferred to be over 6½ times as great as that of + water; but it is manifest that such a method could yield nothing + much more accurate than the mountain experiment which indicated + a weight 4¾ times that of water. The ball experiment, which is + the most reliable, indicated 5½ times the weight of water, thus + coinciding with Newton’s astronomical opinion, which is probably + true.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc33" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">Head and Heart.</strong>—The popular use of the terms head and + heart to represent thought and emotion, which is contrary to physiology, + is analogous to Dr. Hartmann’s statement of the oriental + doctrine that thought alone belongs to the brain, but life and will to + the heart. This ancient <em>speculation</em> (not intuition) is easily refuted. + If it were true, the will power and powers of life would be proportional + to the development of the heart, regardless of the brain, but + the reverse is the fact. Great development of heart does not + increase either will power, or life, but is injurious to both. The + enlarged (hypertrophied) heart is injurious to vital power and will + power, and in proportion to its increase, it tends to shorten life by + apoplexy or some other form of cerebral disorder. It produces no + increase of either life, will, or love. In fact, the stomach is more + nearly associated with love than the heart, for men are much more + amiable after enjoying a feast, but the heart, which is a part of the + muscular system, is at its maximum of action in combat and war.</p> + </div> + <div id="misc34" class="miscellany_item"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Rectification of Cerebral Science</strong>, commenced in + this number, will be continued in the November number, bringing + the science up to its present condition, and showing how, after the + rectification is completed, the science attains a grand simplicity, and, + instead of being puzzled by cerebral organology, a very brief instruction + will enable us to master the subject. In 1836 I instructed + Prof. Cubi at New Orleans in the old organology, giving him six + lessons in exchange for his instructions in Spanish. Three lessons + would give an equal familiarity with the new system, though it is + four times as extensive.</p> + </div> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="art3" class="article"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page23" title="23"> </a>Chapter IX.—Rectification of Cerebral Science, Correcting the Organology of Gall and Spurzheim.</h2> + + <p class="chapter_outline">Approximate correctness and incompleteness of Gall and Spurzheim—Grand + anatomical discoveries of Gall—-Reception of his doctrines—His + successors—Omission of Pneumatology and Physiology + by Gall and Spurzheim—Organs and faculties overlooked—True + locations of the faculties they recognized, Amativeness, + Philoprogenitiveness, Adhesiveness, Inhabitiveness, Destructiveness, + Combativeness, Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, Constructiveness, + Cautiousness, Approbativeness, Self-Esteem, Firmness, + Religion, Benevolence, Hope, Marvellousness, Poetry, Ideality, + Imitation, Wit or Mirthfulness, Eventuality, Individuality, Perceptive + Organs, Time, Comparative Sagacity, Causality, Tune, Constructiveness, + Language—Comments on the Organology of Gall.</p> + + <p>The first question that occurs to the enlightened enquirer, when + he learns that the functions of the brain have been positively determined + by experiment, is whether the cranioscopy of Gall and Spurzheim + was successful in locating the cerebral functions, and how + nearly their inferences from development correspond with the + revelations of experiment.</p> + + <p>It is with great pleasure that I am able to say that the system of + Gall and Spurzheim was a wonderful approximation to the truth. + Dr. Gall was pre-eminently the scientific pioneer of the nineteenth + century. No single individual ever did so much to enlarge the + sphere of human knowledge, and to establish the permanent foundations + of philosophy. Up to his time, the brain of man was at once + the greatest mystery of anatomy and the repository of a greater + amount of wisdom and truth than all other realms of science which + had previously been explored. But so limited was the knowledge, + and so narrow the understanding of the learned, that the grandeur of + cerebral science was not even suspected, and, even at the present time, + it is so remote from the speculations of the learned that, like a distant + star, it has few practical relations to their life; nor will its magnitude be + realized until an ample literature shall have made its scientific record.</p> + + <p>Into this field of mystery, Dr. Gall advanced with a courage unknown + to his predecessors, and his success was equal to his courage. + The entire plan and constitution of the brain were revealed by his + anatomical genius, and his successors have but carried further and + perfected his anatomical system. His anatomical exposition of the + brain, addressed to the French Institute in 1808, is one of the great + landmarks of the progress of science—the commencement of a new + era; and his exposition of its functions was the solution of a + problem which had defied the genius and learning of all his predecessors. + His discoveries in anatomy were so great that Reil (himself + a brain anatomist of the highest rank, whose name is permanently + associated with anatomy by the name “Island of Reil,” which + belongs to the location in which Gall made his first discovery of the + <a class="pagenum" id="page24" title="24"> </a>faculty and organ of language), Reil, I say, declared that Dr. Gall + had shown him more in his dissections of the brain than he + thought it possible for any one man to have discovered in his lifetime; + and, in fact, some of the old anatomists, not having been + personally instructed by Gall, professed to find it difficult, if not + impossible, to unfold the brain after his manner.</p> + + <p>These discoveries gave Dr. Gall at once a very eminent rank + among the learned, for anatomy being a physical science, there never has + been any opposition, jealousy, or scepticism against its cultivation among + the educated, nor was there anything marvellous in his revelation of + cerebral functions, for he studied only the common familiar faculties of + men and animals, and never looked into the mysterious and marvellous + powers which a more thorough investigation has revealed.</p> + + <p>Indeed, his reception at first was quite triumphant, and it was not + until the death of Gall and Spurzheim, leaving no able and competent + representative to carry on their labors, that the drift of medical + scepticism and ignorance arrested the progress of his doctrines. I + say <em>ignorance</em>, for the aversion to the doctrines of Gall was due far + more to the ignorance of the profession and their entire neglect of + the craniological method than to any other causes.</p> + + <p>Gall had good reason to be satisfied with his first reception, except + as to the hostility of the Austrian government, which suppressed + his lectures and compelled him to go abroad, settling finally + in Paris, where he again encountered governmental hostility in the + unfriendliness of Bonaparte, whose rejection alike of Gall and of + Fulton, who wished to introduce steam navigation, demonstrated + that great military and political ability may co-exist with great shallowness + of mind in reference to all things new, original, and philanthropic. + So it has always been, and so it continues.</p> + + <p>In his travels in Germany, from 1805 to 1807, accompanied by Dr. + Spurzheim, “I experienced everywhere (said Gall) the most flattering + reception. Sovereigns, ministers, philosophers, legislators, artists + seconded my design on all occasions, augmenting my collection, and + furnishing me everywhere with new observations. The circumstances + were too favorable to permit me to resist the invitations which + came to me from most of the universities.” Thirty-four of the leading + cities and seats of learning enjoyed the visits of Gall and Spurzheim + before they settled in Paris, where, although French jealousy + arose against this German invasion, and the influence of Napoleon + prevented their cordial reception, they nevertheless commanded and + retained the respect of scientists and had many devoted friends, including + Broussais and Andral, who then stood at the head of the + medical profession, and of Corvisart, Napoleon’s physician, who + could not overcome his master’s prejudice.</p> + + <p>In speaking of the great void left by the decease of Gall and + Spurzheim, I do not forget that for a few years George Combe, Dr. + Elliotson, and Dr. Macartney, of England, and Dr. Caldwell, of + America, survived, but these eminent gentlemen were not so identified + with the science, or so competent to sustain it as to wear the + mantle of its founders. My own labors beginning after the death of + <a class="pagenum" id="page25" title="25"> </a>the founders were those of investigation and discovery, and never to + any great extent those of propagation. Indeed, for twenty years I + entirely abandoned the scientific rostrum, and almost ended my + labors, feeling that my duty had been done in the way of development + and demonstration. But in accordance with the great law of + periodicity, I resumed my labors in 1877-78.</p> + + <p>When we look at the doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim in the light of + positive science and philosophy, our first observation is that they fell + very far short of revealing the entire functions of the brain, and discovering + in it all the important spiritual and physical faculties and energies of + life. They did not attempt to explore the brain as a physiological organ, + and determine how or in what special organs it controls the physiological + functions. These may be regarded as one half, though the lower half, + of its capacities, out of which arises a vast amount of medical philosophy.</p> + + <p>As to the psychic half of the cerebral functions, they omitted + entirely that portion which relates to pneumatology. They thought + nothing of the soul as an object of science, and made no attempt to + trace its connection with the brain, and the vast number of phenomena + which lie along the border line between the physical and + spiritual, and which are conspicuous in the phenomena of somnambulism, + sleep, dreaming, hypnotism, spiritualism, clairvoyance, trance, + ecstasy, and religious marvels.</p> + + <p>Overlooking these things, they sought the seats of from twenty-seven + faculties (as with Gall) to thirty-five (as with Spurzheim), and + did not appear to realize how many had been entirely omitted. + When all they attempted to locate are located by positive experiment + and assigned their proper localities and limits, we find fully + one half of the cerebral surface vacant for organs of other functions. + Indeed, the first large publication of Gall and Spurzheim, in four + volumes folio, with an atlas of 100 plates, begun in 1809 and finished + in 1819, did not in the cranial map of organs profess to be a complete + development of the functions of the brain. It located organs, but + did not determine the functions intermediate between their boundaries. + This was the map of Gall. In that of Spurzheim the intermediate + spaces were occupied and the entire exterior surface of the + brain devoted to organology, yet still the basilar and interior surface + of the brain remained unknown to Spurzheim, and the exterior + regions which he supposed entirely occupied by his organs were but + half occupied by them. Thus when we consider the unexplored + basilar and interior regions, and that half of its exterior surface + which was erroneously appropriated to the thirty-five organs, as well + as the erroneous location of several, we perceive that <em>more than half</em> + of the organs and functions of the brain remained for investigation.</p> + + <p>Turning away from the anatomy to contemplate the psychology, + we perceive that <em>more than half of human nature</em> had been omitted + from the German scheme,—that half of the mental functions which + belongs to the organs of the vacant spaces on the corrected map, and + in addition to these the higher psychic functions, and the lower + physiological functions, neither of which Gall and Spurzheim + explored, because they did not attempt to study the brain as a + <a class="pagenum" id="page26" title="26"> </a>physiological organ, and they did not bring the soul and the higher + functions of the mind within the scope of their science.</p> + + <p>Gall was a bold, original naturalist and anatomist but not a psychologist; + and the incorrectness of his psychology hindered his + investigations, and prevented him from carrying out a proper subdivision + of faculties and organs. He says in the last volume: “Each + fundamental power, essentially distinct, includes sensation, perception, + memory and recollection, judgment and imagination,”—disregarding + the truth that these are distinct intellectual powers, belonging + to different organs, and therefore bearing no proportion to each + other. One may have an immense memory without imagination, or a + brilliant imagination without much memory. These, and many other + psychological errors, are apparent in the writings of Gall, and still + more in those of Spurzheim.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/illo1.png"><img src="images/illo1-th.png" width="362" height="443" alt="Sketch of head in profile, with areas named on it." /></a> + </div> + + <p>In the drawing herewith presented, the thirty-five organs of Spurzheim + are assigned their proper locations and dimensions. The first + <a class="pagenum" id="page27" title="27"> </a>organ, <strong class="emphasis">Amativeness</strong> (made second by Spurzheim), was assumed to + occupy the entire cerebellum. It really occupies only its median + and superior portion, and a small section of the anterior surface of + the spinal cord, adjacent to the encephalon. This error of Gall and + Spurzheim did a great deal to discredit their system. It manifested + on their part a fallibility of judgment, and a dogmatic adherence to + first impressions in the face of evidence to the contrary; for the + experiments of Rolando and Flourens demonstrated a connection + between the cerebellum and the general vital force and muscular + action. The relation may not have been clearly understood, but the + facts were decisive, and the researches of Majendie, with the more + recent ones of Ferrier, have made more clear the relations of the + cerebellum to the muscular system and vital force.</p> + + <p>The doctrine of Gall has been abandoned by physiologists because + refuted by many facts, the most decisive of which is that the cerebellum + of castrated horses is larger than that of stallions, which + could not be possible if the cerebellum had only sexual functions. + Moreover, the doctrine of Gall was essentially unreasonable in itself. + To suppose that so large a portion of the brain which is continually + active, being well supplied with blood, could have a function which + is but occasionally active, and which, through the greater part of + human life, is unnoticed or inactive, is extremely unreasonable; and + to suppose that the serious disturbances of animal life and muscular + motion, caused by ablations of the cerebellum, were due to the disturbance + of an organ having only sexual functions, was thoroughly + absurd. The parrot-like repetition of these exploded errors by the + followers of the phrenological system contributed to its discredit in + the medical profession.</p> + + <p>The 2d organ of Gall (3d of Spurzheim), <strong class="emphasis">Philoprogenitiveness</strong>, + was regarded as one of the best known phrenological + organs, but my unprejudiced study of heads soon assured me of its + inaccuracy. The organ was small in Spurzheim, who was remarkably + fond of children, and I have found it small in ladies who showed + no lack of parental love, but generally well developed and active in + criminal skulls. One which I obtained in Arkansas, of a man named + Richmond, had this region large and active, although he was the one + of a group of murderers by whom the children, or, rather, boys, were + killed. This region is <em>extremely defective</em> in the brains of birds, + which are certainly very devoted to their young. The attachment to + children belongs really to an interior region of the occiput, where + the occipital lobes face the median line. Hence it is that a large + occipital development very often coincides with the love of children; + but the true position of the organ renders it difficult to determine + its development in life.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Adhesiveness</strong> (3d) is located by Spurzheim farther back and lower + than it should be; also, too far back in Gall’s map. It belongs to + the vacant space in front of Gall’s location.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Inhabitiveness</strong> (5th) is an imaginary definition of the function + located behind Self-esteem. Equally imaginary is the doctrine of + the Edinburgh phrenologists, who call it Concentrativeness. The + <a class="pagenum" id="page28" title="28"> </a>observations of Gall led him to regard it as a portion of the organ of + Pride, and as giving to animals a love of lofty locations. Gall was + nearer right than Spurzheim or Combe. The only function I find + in this spot is Self-confidence. The tendencies to a quiet love of + home, and the ability to tranquillize and concentrate the mind, are + located, virtually, above the ear on the temporal arch, the ridge + which separates the lateral from the superior surface of the + head.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Destructiveness</strong>, the 5th organ of Gall and 1st of Spurzheim, + was located much too high and too far forward by Gall. I am surprised + at this, since it differs so widely from the indications of comparative + anatomy that it is difficult to imagine how Gall was misled. + Any one comparing the skull of a dog with that of a sheep may discover + the error. He called it Murder, or the wish to destroy. Spurzheim, + who does not describe its location, says, “At the beginning + Gall placed the seat of this organ too far behind the ear, but a great + number of observations convinced us that its seat is immediately + above the ear.” The truth is that the convolutions which terminate + on the temporal bone over the ear are only on the border of Destructiveness, + and produce only an irritable and impulsive temper. The + true Destructiveness extends fully an inch under the surface of the + middle lobe, along the petrous ridge of the temporal bone, and is + manifested externally just behind the ear by the prominence of the + mastoid process.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Combativeness</strong> (the 6th of Spurzheim, or Courage and Self-defence, + the 4th of Gall) is located with tolerable correctness by + each and properly described.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Secretiveness</strong>, which is but a modification of Cautiousness, occupying + its middle region, is much too large on the maps, and on + that of Gall it is quite out of place—too far forward and too high + up, occupying a region which produces modesty and refinement.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Acquisitiveness</strong> (7th of Gall, 8th of Spurzheim) is still farther + mislocated on the map of Gall, occupying a region of intellectual, + inventive and literary capacity. This is the most <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">outre</em> and absurd of + all Gall’s locations. Placing this selfish and grasping propensity in + the front lobe which belongs to intellect, when it really belongs to + the selfish, adhesive, and combative elements of the occiput, is an + error of so extravagant a character as to show that Gall had no correct + psychology in his mind, and no capacity or desire to construct a + harmonious system. Spurzheim’s location, much farther back, is + somewhat less erroneous, but both are thoroughly false, and a few + months of my first observations fifty-two years ago satisfied me as to + this error. That it should have flourished unchallenged by Phrenologists + for eighty years, seems to show that when a dominant idea + is once established in the mind, all facts are made to conform to it. + Is is remarkable, too, that the very great difference between the locations + given by Gall and by Spurzheim has not attracted notice. But + in fact the map of Gall has never had any popular currency. Spurzheim + and Combe have been the accepted authors. The true location + of acquisitiveness is anterior to combativeness, and lower than + <a class="pagenum" id="page29" title="29"> </a>adhesiveness. Gall was misled by studying the young pickpockets + and thieves of Vienna. The organ that he found suits a low cunning + and dextrous character when the head lacks elevation.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Constructiveness</strong>, Spurzheim’s 9th (Bausinn, or aptitude for + mechanical arts, of Gall No. 19), is decidedly mislocated by Spurzheim. + Instead of being placed in the purely intellectual region adjacent + to calculation, order, and system, it is carried back and down + into the region of somnolence and sensitive impressibility. Gall’s + location is a little worse because lower, being carried out of the + intellectual region into the middle lobe according to his published + map. It is very easy to detect this error in examining a number of + heads, and it was quite apparent to me in my first year’s observations. + In impressible persons the touch upon this locality produces nothing + but a dreamy influence, and a disposition to close the eyes. Carried + farther, it produces the mesmeric sleep.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Cautiousness</strong> (the 10th of both Spurzheim and Gall) was too far + back in Spurzheim’s map, occupying space that belongs to adhesiveness. + It runs downward along the course of the lateral convolutions, + and its more timid and gloomy functions are developed near the ear, + differing widely from the functions of its upper portion.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Approbativeness</strong> (the 11th of Spurzheim, and 9th of Gall) + is located with substantial correctness, covering, however, more functions + than that term expresses. Gall’s location and definition + are also substantially correct.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Self-Esteem</strong> (the 12th of Spurzheim, 8th of Gall) is well located + and described with approximative correctness.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Firmness, Religion</strong> (Veneration or Theosophy), and <strong class="emphasis">Benevolence</strong> + are so well located and described by both Gall and Spurzheim + as to need but little comment at present. The four superior + organs on the median line, and the organ of <strong class="emphasis">Conscientiousness</strong> + were more correctly located and described than any other large portion + of the brain.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Hope</strong> is not adjacent to Conscientiousness, but parallel to Religion.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Marvellousness</strong> has a preposterously large space assigned it, + being really a small organ at the summit of Ideality, which exercises + a more intellectual and less superstitious function than has been + given it. Marvellousness, Hope, Conscientiousness, Time, Order, + Weight, Size, and Individuality are the eight organs discovered and + added by Spurzheim, not having been recognized by Gall. The + exterior portion of Spurzheim’s Marvellousness occupies the space + devoted by Gall to Poetry.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Poetry</strong>, recognized by Gall, is brought lower by Spurzheim and + called <strong class="emphasis">Ideality</strong>. Both locations are substantially correct. The location + of Gall is the seat of Marvellousness, Imagination, and Spirituality; + that of Spurzheim is well expressed by the term Ideality, and the + description given, but the word Poetry is rather too limited as the + definition of Gall’s organ. It gives brilliance to prose and to oratory, + or even conversation, as well as to poetry.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Imitation</strong>, adjacent to Benevolence, is somewhat better located by + Gall than by Spurzheim, who gives it too much breadth anteriorly.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page30" title="30"> </a><strong class="emphasis">Wit</strong> or <strong class="emphasis">Mirthfulness</strong> is a confused and erroneous statement. + The two faculties are distinct, Wit being intellectual and occupying a + small space adjacent to Causality or Reason, while Mirthfulness, or + the sentiment of the ludicrous, is just above it, and should properly + be called Humor. The mirthful or playful faculty is in the posterior + region adjacent to Approbativeness, and may be quite conspicuous + when there is neither wit nor humor in the mirth. Imitation, Mirth + or Humor, and Wit follow each other in a line. The so-called organ + of Wit (Gall) or Mirthfulness (Spurzheim) is the seat of the most + profound reasoning faculty, while the <strong class="emphasis">Causality</strong> of Spurzheim, the + <strong class="emphasis">Metaphysical Depth</strong> of thought of Gall, though it gives a clear + analytical intelligence has really less profundity and ability + in reasoning than the organ which they have misnamed Wit and + Mirthfulness, which is pre-eminently the organ of profound reasoning.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Eventuality</strong> and <strong class="emphasis">Individuality</strong> are confounded as one + organ by Gall, calling it Educability, or Memory of Things + but rightly separated by Spurzheim, as the observation and + memory of events are distinct from the observation of things. + Though I do not use the word Individuality, it is not an objectionable + expression, as it suggests the fine perceptive power of its location. + Both Gall and Spurzheim had a practically good idea of the + region of Eventuality, which Gall first called the memory of things. + Spurzheim’s description is good; but when the organ is analyzed, it + yields consciousness and observation on the median line, memory + more exterior, extending to Time.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Perceptive Organs</strong>—The most marvellous feature of the old + phrenological system, is the accuracy with which the smallest organs + of the brain have been discovered, located, and described. The organs + of Form, Size, Weight, Color, Order, and Number, or Calculation, + were so accurately located and described by Spurzheim, that little remains + to be said about them. Gall discovered only Form, Color, and + Number, and the latter he located in the position which belongs to Order. + These organs were but little developed in Gall, whose great success + was due to his philosophic originality and independence. He was not a + close observer, and there was a sternness in his nature which prevented + him from accepting readily the suggestions of Spurzheim, + who with less boldness of character and greater accuracy of perception, + was better fitted for minute observation and anatomical + analysis. His own cranium has been preserved, in which I found + these perceptive organs distinctly marked by their digital impressions + on the superorbital plate over the eye. It is a remarkable fact that + the intellectual faculties have been most easily understood and + located, while their antagonists in the occipital region have proved + the greatest puzzle in psychic and cerebral investigations. Gall + failed, and left a vacant space in the occiput. Spurzheim failed, but + covered the ground incorrectly, and it was many years after I discovered + cerebral impressibility before I attained a satisfactory view + of the psychology of this region. The location and definition of + <strong class="emphasis">Locality</strong> are substantially correct.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page31" title="31"> </a>The organ of <strong class="emphasis">Time</strong>, another of Spurzheim’s discoveries, was very + correctly located and defined by him. It lies just above the organ of + Color.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Comparative Sagacity</strong>, or Perspicacity, as Gall called it, was a + better term than Comparison, which was introduced by Spurzheim. + Direct perception of truth is its leading character. Illustration by + comparison belongs to the breadth of the forehead, to the Ideal and + Inventive region, and is the characteristic of poetry. Spurzheim’s + description, however, is substantially correct. It qualifies for clear + statement, but not for comprehensive or ingenious reasoning. The + portion on the median line has still more penetration, in consequence + of which it perceives the nature and tendencies of everything, and + is enabled to exercise foresight. Still farther in on the median line + are located the powers which are more intuitive, and transcending + ordinary foresight are entitled to be called prophecy.</p> + + <p>The <strong class="emphasis">Causality</strong> of Spurzheim, or Metaphysical Depth of thought + of Gall, was defined with approximate correctness. The immediate + perception of causation lies just above the organ of Time, and + the special organ of Reason extends therefrom upwards. If the + reflective organs of one side of the forehead are divided into an + interior and exterior group by a vertical line from the pupil of the + eye, the interior group would represent a comprehensive understanding + possessing sagacity and judgment, while the exterior would + represent profound ingenious thought and originality, a capacity for + discovering truth by reason and meditation, by analysis and synthesis, + while the interior would discover it only by direct perception. + In the exterior group would be included the misnamed organ + of Wit or Mirthfulness, which is really a source of philosophy and + originality.</p> + + <p><strong class="emphasis">Tune</strong> and <strong class="emphasis">Constructiveness</strong> have really reversed their positions + in the maps of Spurzheim and Gall. The inventive faculty of + musical composers was what Gall discovered as Music. The sense + of Melody and Tune lies behind the brow in connection with the + <em>sense of hearing</em>, at the anterior portion of Sensibility, which forty + years after my discovery is beginning to be recognized in consequence + of the experiments of Ferrier on animals. The organ of + hearing which he demonstrated in the monkey, occupies the same + position in the superior temporal convolution, behind the eye, which + I have given it in man, which brings it into close connection with + the organs of Language and Tune. Its close connection with the + region of impressibility called Somnolence explains its supreme + control over our emotions.</p> + + <p>The organ of <strong class="emphasis">Language</strong>, the first discovery of Gall, has been the + first to receive its demonstration from pathology and vivisection. + But the pioneer teacher to whom contemporaries are unjust has to + wait very long for an honorable recognition. The existence of an + organ of Language at the junction of the front and middle lobes, at + the back of the eye-sockets, has become established in our physiology + from the developments of disease and autopsies, without + mentioning in connection that it was the discovery of Gall. Perhaps + <a class="pagenum" id="page32" title="32"> </a>the authors of the text-books may not even know the location of + Gall’s discovery in the brain, and think only of the external sign, + the prominence of the eyes, produced by the convolution at the back + of their orbits.</p> + + <p>Dr. Spurzheim simply located the external sign of the prominence + of the organ at the eye, while Gall recognized the talent for + languages as lying further back than that for verbal memory, and + consequently being manifested lower at the eye. Nevertheless Gall + made a correct observation, as he noticed that a full development + was indicated when the temples were broad behind the eye. + The true location of the organ externally is just behind the outer + angle of the eye, a position central to Gall’s observations, and corresponding + in the brain to that junction of the front and middle lobes + in which the organ has been demonstrated by pathology, though not + so accurately defined as in my experiments.</p> + + <p>Perhaps in twenty or thirty years more my demonstrations having + been brought before the public may attract the attention of the laborious + vivisectors in Europe, who have done so much to verify them, and + who will find that their labors do not refute but do confirm what I + have discovered by methods so much simpler, easier and more + pleasant.</p> + + <p>In the second volume I propose to show in detail how much the + pathologists and vivisectors have done to illustrate and corroborate + the new Anthropology.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/illo2.png"><img src="images/illo2-th.png" width="569" height="260" alt="Front and side views of a skull with markings on it." /></a> + <p class="caption"><strong class="emphasis">Organology of Gall</strong>, 1809.</p> + <ol style="text-align:left;margin-left:5em;font-size:.85em;"> + <li>Instinct of Generation.</li> + <li>Love of Offspring.</li> + <li>Friendship, Attachment.</li> + <li>Courage, Self-Defence.</li> + <li>Murder, Wish to Destroy.</li> + <li>Cunning.</li> + <li>Sentiment of Property.</li> + <li>Pride, Self-Esteem, Haughtiness.</li> + <li>Vanity, Ambition.</li> + <li>Cautiousness, Foresight, Prudence.</li> + <li>Memory of Things, Educability.</li> + <li>Local Memory.</li> + <li>Memory of Persons.</li> + <li>Verbal Memory.</li> + <li>Memory for Languages.</li> + <li>Colors.</li> + <li>Music.</li> + <li>Number.</li> + <li>Aptitude for Mechanical Arts.</li> + <li>Comparative Aptitude for Drawing Comparisons.</li> + <li>Metaphysical Depth of Thought, Aptitude for Drawing Conclusions.</li> + <li>Wit.</li> + <li>Poetry.</li> + <li>Good Nature.</li> + <li>Mimicry.</li> + <li>Theosophy, Religion.</li> + <li>Firmness of Character.</li> + </ol> + </div> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="footnotes"> + <h2>Footnotes</h2> + <ol> + <li id="footnote_1"> + <p>There is no higher gift of Divinity than the gift of intelligence, which, if pervaded by the light of + Divine love, constitutes the Christ, and those who are thus gifted are indeed the “favorites of God.” + But if such a people kill the Christ-principle in their hearts, and use their intellectual powers merely + for selfish purposes, they will become <em>accursed</em>. A system of medicine or theology which is based + upon self-interests of the privileged class of doctors and priests is a curse to humanity. <a href="#fnm1" title="Return to marker 1" class="returnFN">Return</a></p> + </li> + </ol> +</div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<div id="business"> + <h2><a class="pagenum" id="page33" title="33"> </a>BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.</h2> + + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>COLLEGE OF THERAPEUTICS.</h3> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Next Session Begins November 1, 1887.</p> + + <p>This institution is the germ of what will be an + immense revolution in education hereafter, when + the knowledge now given to small classes will hold + a conspicuous place in every college, and will be + presented in every high school.</p> + + <p>The mountain mass of inertia, which opposes, passively, + all fundamental changes, cannot now resist + scientific demonstration as it has in the past. + The instruction in the College of Therapeutics, is + thoroughly demonstrative, leaving no room for + doubt, and it gives a species of knowledge which + ought to be a part of every one’s education—a + knowledge of the constitution of man, not obtainable + to-day in any medical or literary college, nor + in our mammoth libraries. It is not merely as a + deep philosophy that this interests us, but as a + guide in the preservation of health, and in the + regulation of spiritual phenomena, which would, to + a very great extent, supersede our reliance on the + medical profession by giving us the control of the + vital powers, by which we may protect ourselves, + and control the development of the young.</p> + + <p>Each student was made to feel the effects of local + treatment on the body, and the power of rapidly + changing disease to health, and was personally + taught to perform the manipulations for this purpose, + and to investigate disease or portray character + by the psychometric methods as well as to test + the value of medicines.</p> + + <p>The various uses and scientific application of + electricity were shown, and many things entirely + unknown and unrecognized in works on Electro-Therapeutics. + The entire class was placed under + a medical influence simultaneously by the agency + of electricity—an operation so marvelous that it + would be considered incredible in medical colleges. + By these and other experiments and numerous + illustrations and lucid explanations of the brain + and nervous system, the instruction was made + deeply interesting, and students have attended + more than one course to perfect themselves in + the science. The following declaration of sentiments + shows how the course was regarded by the + class:</p> + + <p>“The summer class of 1887 in the College of + Therapeutics, feeling it their duty to add their + testimony to that of many others in reference to + the grand scientific discoveries which they have + seen thoroughly demonstrated by Prof. J. R. + Buchanan, would say to the public that no one can + attend such a course of instruction as we have recently + been engaged in, without realizing that + Therapeutic Sarcognomy greatly enlarges the practical + resources of the healing art for the medical + practitioner, magnetizer and electro-therapeutist, + while Psychometry, whose positive truths we have + tested and proven, like the sun’s rays, illumines + all the dark problems of medical practice and of + psycho-physiological sciences.</p> + + <p>“Therapeutic Sarcognomy explains the very intricate + and mysterious relations of the soul, the brain + and body, which prior to Prof. Buchanan’s discoveries + were unknown to all scientific teachers, + and are even now only known to his students and + the readers of his works,</p> + + <p>“We feel that we have been very fortunate in finding + so valuable a source of knowledge, whose future + benefits to the human race, in many ways, cannot + be briefly stated, and we would assure all who may + attend this college, or read the published works of + Prof. Buchanan, and his monthly, the <cite>Journal of + Man</cite>, that they will, when acquainted with the subject, + be ready to unite with us in appreciating and + honoring the greatest addition ever made to biological + and psychological sciences. Hoping that the time + is not for distant when all students in medical colleges + may obtain access to this most important + knowledge, we give our testimony to the public.”</p> + + <p style="text-indent:0em;margin-left:2.5em;"><span class="name">H. C. Aldrich, M. D., D. D. S.</span>, <em>Chairman</em>.<br /> + <span class="name">Dr. Jno. C. Schlarbaum</span>, <em>Secretary</em>.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>OBITUARY RECORD.</h3> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Visit to our Cemetery.</p> + + <p>Sad are the words, “<em>It might have been</em>,” sad + the recollection of lives untimely ended, and + equally sad the lives that perished unborn. We + have been looking among the latter, the spirit life + that might have gone forth to bless society, but + perished ere its birth.</p> + + <p>The <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> has brought forth many + a bright, strong thought that will have its career + among men, but the other bright, strong thoughts + that could not be forced through its narrow limits + must be buried and lost to its readers, and they + have been interred with sorrow. The following + is a list of our early dead—perhaps for some of + them there may be a resurrection when a larger + <cite class="name">Journal</cite> is issued, but perhaps the majority are + interred forever.</p> + + <p>1. Career of Mohammedanism in Africa. 2. The + True History of Buddha. 3. Influence of Christianity + in history. 4. Startling Calculations for the + Future. 6. The Snake Charmers in Tunis. 6. Mesmerism + in China before the Christian Era. 7. Dr. + Montgomery on the Cell Theory. 8. A Race of + Dwarfs in the Pyrenees. 9. Religious Hallucination + in the Bahamas. 10. Philosophy of Death. + 11. The Delsarte System of Elocution and Acting. + 12. Why Should the Chinese go? an eloquent argument + by a learned Mandarin. 13. An Organic + Index of Human Longevity—the Doctrine of + Powell. 15. Anthropological Laws of Longevity. + 16. Psychometry and Thought Transference in + India. 17. Prof. Dana on Evolution. 18. Statistics + of Heads and Brains. 19. Cures by Prayer. 20. + Indian Witchcraft. 21. Hypnotism among Turkish + Dervishes. 22. Discussion of Heredity and Temperaments. + 23. Theory and Practice of the Divining + Rod. 24. Mrs. Stanton on Sleep. 25. Cures + for Insomnia, and Singular Case of Night-sweats. + 26. A Modern Samson. 27. Transactions in + Psychic Research. 28. A Critique of Unreason—a + Caustic Review of the Psychic Society. 29. Scientific + View of the Antiquity of Man. 30. Phrenological + Quackery. 31. English and German + Industrial Education. 32. Training of Viennese + Girls. 33. Revolutions in Medicine. 34. History + and Progress of Russian Nihilists. 35. The Paradise + of Labor—the Familistère at Guise in + France. 36. Exhibition of the Keeley Motor. 37. + A New Element in the Blood. 38. Reform of the + Lunacy Laws. 39. Marvellous Dreams. 40. + Byron’s Spiritual Belief. 41. How to Deal with + Drunkards and Medical Treatment of Intemperance. + 42. Combination of Electricity and Medicine. + 43. Meynert’s Psychiatry, a Treatise on Diseases + of the Fore-brain. 44. A Mesmerized Detective. + 45. Wonderful Spirit Telegraphy. 46. Discovery + of Dead Bodies by Intuition. 47. How Clouds are + formed. 48. Psychometric Reports on Simon of + Samaria, Henry George, Dr. McGlynn, Lucretia + Mott, Dr. Gall, Charlemagne and Julius Cæsar. + 49. The Puget Sound Colony. 50. English Rule in + Ireland. 51. Dr. Eadon on Memory. 52. Harrison + on Mysticism. 53. Progress in Many Parts of the + World. 54. Communications from various correspondents, + etc., etc. This is not <em>one half</em>, but it is + needless to prolong the catalogue of the buried + innocents,—the interesting narratives, discussions + and expositions of rare knowledge which the + limited area of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> has compelled me to + exclude.</p> + + <p>Let us hope that in our enlarged <cite class="name">Journal</cite> next + year, there may be room to review the most important + features of social and scientific progress as + well as to present gradually the elements of that + world-embracing science which is called Anthropology,—the + presentation of which will require at + least ten years. I am making every effort at + present to prepare the improved and enlarged + edition of the Therapeutic Sarcognomy for the + coming winter.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3><a class="pagenum" id="page34" title="34"> </a>LIBERAL PUBLICATIONS.</h3> + + <p><cite class="name">The Golden Gate</cite> at San Francisco is a + successful eight-page weekly Spiritual newspaper + now in its fourth volume, well filled with interesting + matter. It illustrates spiritual phenomena by + engravings, is well edited and highly appreciated. + Published by J. J. Owen at $2.50 per annum.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">Hall’s Journal of Health</cite> at New York, a + monthly of twenty-four pages, one dollar per annum, + has been well received for thirty-three years, and + of late, with a new editor, it has renewed its vigor + and prosperity. It contains not only valuable + hygienic instruction but interesting sketches of + Spiritual and progressive science and has honored + the editor of this Journal with a friendly biographical + sketch. Its circulation is increasing.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">The Better Way</cite>, a Spiritual weekly published + at Cincinnati at $2 a year, is the successor to four + Spiritual papers that have ceased, and appears to + have the elements of success.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">The Eastern Star</cite>, published at Glenburn, + Maine, by C. M. Brown, weekly, at $1 per year, is + full of the enthusiasm and energy that win success. + The editor appears to have a clear head and warm + heart and devotes his journal to Spiritualism.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">The Carrier Dove</cite>, a large folio weekly illustrated + Spiritual journal. $2.50 per annum, published + at San Francisco, is now in its fourth volume, + and has obtained a merited success.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">The Truth-Seeker</cite>, a weekly journal ($3 a + year) established by the late D. M. Bennett, still + carries on with undiminished ability the honest + agnostic work for which it has been famous. It is + a vigorous iconoclast but does little for constructive + progress.</p> + + <p><cite class="name">The Open Court</cite>, by B. F. Underwood, Chicago, + with an able corps of correspondents, maintains a + high literary character, and discusses philosophy + and current topics from the agnostic standpoint. + Its belief in dry metaphysics, and its stubborn + materialistic scepticism are its greatest peculiarities. + Published fortnightly at $3 a year.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>UNLIKE ANY OTHER PAPER.</h3> + + <p>The <cite>Spectator</cite>, unlike other home papers, seeks + (1) to acquaint every family with simple and efficient + treatment for the various common diseases, + to, in a word, educate the people so they can avoid + disease and cure sickness, thus saving enormous + doctors’ bills, and many precious lives. (2) To + elevate and cultivate the moral nature, awakening + the conscience, and developing the noblest attributes + of manhood. (3) To give instructive and + entertaining food to literary taste, thus developing + the mind. (4) To give just such hints to housekeepers + that they need to tell how to prepare + delicious dishes, to beautify homes, and to make + the fireside the most attractive spot in the world.—<cite>Am. + Spectator</cite>.</p> + + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3>MAYO’S ANÆSTHETIC.</h3> + + <p>The suspension of pain, under dangerous surgical + operations, is the greatest triumph of Therapeutic + Science in the present century. It came + first by mesmeric hypnotism, which was applicable + only to a few, and was restricted by the jealous + hostility of the old medical profession. Then + came the nitrous oxide, introduced by Dr. Wells, + of Hartford, and promptly discountenanced by the + enlightened (?) medical profession of Boston, and + set aside for the next candidate, ether, discovered + in the United States also, but far interior to the + nitrous oxide as a safe and pleasant agent. This was + largely superseded by chloroform, discovered much + earlier by Liebig and others, but introduced as an + anæsthetic in 1847, by Prof. Simpson. This proved + to be the most powerful and dangerous of all. + Thus the whole policy of the medical profession + was to discourage the safe, and encourage the more + dangerous agents. The magnetic sleep, the most + perfect of all anæsthetic agents, was expelled from + the realm of college authority; ether was substituted + for nitrous oxide, and chloroform preferred to + ether, until frequent deaths gave warning.</p> + + <p>Nitrous oxide, much the safest of the three, has + not been the favorite, but has held its ground, + especially with dentists. But even nitrous oxide is + not perfect. It is not equal to the magnetic sleep, + when the latter is practicable, but fortunately it is + applicable to all. To perfect the nitrous oxide, + making it universally safe and pleasant, Dr. U. K. + Mayo, of Boston, has combined it with certain + harmless vegetable nervines, which appear to control + the fatal tendency which belongs to all anæsthetics + when carried too far. The success of Dr. + Mayo, in perfecting our best anæsthetic, is amply + attested by those who have used it. Dr. Thorndike, + than whom, Boston had no better surgeon, pronounced + it “the safest the world has yet seen.” + It has been administered to children and to patients + in extreme debility. Drs. Frizzell and Williams, + say they have given it “repeatedly in heart disease, + severe lung diseases, Bright’s disease, etc., where + the patients were so feeble as to require assistance + in walking, many of them under medical treatment, + and the results have been all that we could + ask—no irritation, suffocation, nor depression. + We heartily commend it to all as the anæsthetic of + the age.” Dr. Morrill, of Boston, administered + Mayo’s anæsthetic to his wife with delightful + results when “her lungs were so badly disorganized, + that the administration of ether or gas + would be entirely unsafe.” The reputation of this + anæsthetic is now well established; in fact, it is + not only safe and harmless, but has great medical + virtue for daily use in many diseases, and is coming + into use for such purposes. In a paper before + the Georgia State Dental Society, Dr. E. Parsons + testified strongly to its superiority. “The nitrous + oxide, (says Dr. P.) causes the patient when fully + under its influence to have very like the appearance + of a corpse,” but under this new anæsthetic + “the patient appears like one in a natural sleep.” + The language of the press, generally has been highly + commendatory, and if Dr. Mayo had occupied so + conspicuous a rank as Prof. Simpson, of Edinburgh, + his new anæsthetic would have been adopted at + once in every college of America and Europe.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">Mayo’s Vegetable Anæsthetic.</p> + + <p>A perfectly safe and pleasant substitute for chloroform, + ether, nitrous oxide gas, and all other + anæsthetics. Discovered by Dr. U. K. Mayo, April, + 1883, and since administered by him and others in + over 300,000 cases successfully. The youngest child, + the most sensitive lady, and those having heart + disease, and lung complaint, inhale this vapor with + impunity. It stimulates the circulation of the + blood and builds up the tissues. Indorsed by the + highest authority in the professions, recommended + in midwifery and all cases of nervous prostration. + Physicians, surgeons, dentists and private families + supplied with this vapor, liquefied, in cylinders of + various capacities. It should be administered the + same as Nitrous Oxide, but it does not produce + headache and nausea as that sometimes does. For + further information pamphlets, testimonials, etc., + apply to</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_6"><span class="segment">DR. U. K. MAYO, Dentist,</span><br /> + 378 Tremont St., Boston, Mass.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">THE CARRIER DOVE,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">An Illustrated Monthly Magazine, Devoted to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">SPRITUALISM AND REFORM.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Edited by <em class="name">Mrs. J. Schlesinger</em>.</p> + <p>Each number will contain the portraits and Biographical + Sketches of prominent Mediums and Spiritual + workers of the Pacific Coast, and elsewhere. Also, + Spirit Pictures by our Artist Mediums. Lectures, + essays, poems, spirit messages, editorials and miscellaneous + items.</p> + <table summary="publishers" class="ad_table_2"> + <tr><td>DR. L. SCHLESINGER,</td><td rowspan="2"><em class="name">Publishers</em>.</td></tr> + <tr><td>MRS. J. SCHLESINGER,</td></tr> + </table> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Terms:—$2.50 per Year. Single Copies, 10 cts.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Address, <strong>THE CARRIER DOVE</strong>,<br /> + 32 Ellis Street, San Francisco, California.</p> + + </div> +</div> + +<div id="transcriber_note"> + <p>Transcriber’s Note: The Table of Contents was copied from + the index to the volume.</p> +</div> + +<div id="the_end"> </div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Buchanan's Journal of Man, October 1887, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUCHANAN'S JOURNAL, OCT. 1887 *** + +***** This file should be named 27717-h.htm or 27717-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/7/1/27717/ + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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